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Álvares AA, Garcêz A, Silva LT, Averbuch N, Garavaglia J. Olive leaf extract effect on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2024:nuad164. [PMID: 38287654 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Olive leaf extract (OLE) is rich in phenolic compounds, which are known for their health benefits. Cardiovascular diseases, primarily coronary heart disease and stroke, are leading causes of mortality globally. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of OLE on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults. The selection of studies was based on intervention and outcomes, using relevant search descriptors. DATA SOURCES The databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were systematically searched for pertinent studies published up to August 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Only randomized clinical trials, either cross-over or parallel, involving adult individuals aged ≥18 years, were considered. Additionally, trials that had a comparative or placebo group and used pure OLEs for oral treatment were included. DATA ANALYSIS Twelve randomized clinical trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. These trials had follow-up periods ranging from 2 days to 12 weeks and involved 703 patients aged 18 years-79 years. The outcomes demonstrated a positive correlation between the intervention group and glucose metabolism (4 RCTs), blood pressure (2 RCTs), lipid profile (2 RCTs), and inflammatory markers (2 RCTs). The RoB2 tool and the GRADE system were used to evaluate the risk of bias and the quality of evidence in the studies. CONCLUSIONS In the meta-analysis, fasting glycemia, as evaluated in studies using a low dose of OLE, showed a significant result favoring the control group. To obtain more consistent results, further clinical studies in humans, using similar methodologies, are required. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020200877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Anelo Álvares
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Anderson Garcêz
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Lucas Tolio Silva
- Gastronomy Undergraduate Course, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Natália Averbuch
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Juliano Garavaglia
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
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2
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Santana-Garrido Á, Durán-Lobato M, Mate A, Martín-Banderas L, Vázquez CM. Ophthalmic wild olive (ACEBUCHE) oil nanoemulsions exert oculoprotective effects against oxidative stress induced by arterial hypertension. Int J Pharm 2024; 649:123602. [PMID: 37967686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in several systemic and ocular diseases, including hypertensive eye diseases. In this context, we previously showed that oral administration of wild olive (acebuche, ACE) oil from Olea europaea var. sylvestris can counteract ocular damage secondary to arterial hypertension by modulating excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Therefore, this work describes the development of an ACE oil-based formulation for ocular administration as a local therapy to counteract hypertension-related oxidative damage. Specifically, ACE oil nanoemulsions (NEs) were successfully produced and characterized, exhibiting appropriate features for ophthalmic administration, including a nanometer size (<200 nm), moderate negative ZP, adequate osmolality and pH, and colloidal stability in biorelevant fluids. Likewise, the NEs presented a shear thinning behavior, especially convenient for ocular instillation. In vivo evaluation was performed through either intravitreal injection or topical ophthalmic administration in mice with hypertension induced via administration of Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME). Both routes of administration reduced hypertensive morphological alterations and demonstrated a noticeable antioxidant effect thanks to the reduction of the activity/expression of NADPH oxidase in cornea and retina. Thus, an ACE oil ophthalmic formulation represent a promising therapy for ocular pathologies associated with arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Durán-Lobato
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - A Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - L Martín-Banderas
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - C M Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla. CL Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Alshehri FF. Understanding the prevalence, progression, and management of metabolic syndrome in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:973-986. [PMID: 37777274 PMCID: PMC10541973 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.10.20230450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by the coexistence of several disorders comprising hypertension, abdominal obesity, insulin sensitivity, and dyslipidemia. In recent times, MetS has gained increased attention due to the global prevalence of obesity. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in this syndrome by releasing various molecules significantly affecting lipid/insulin regulation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular function. Tumor necrosis factor-α (p-α), an inflammatory cytokine, and adiponectin, an adipose tissue-specific protein, are considered vital adipokines that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MetS. The impact of dietary ingredients on MetS management has been extensively studied over the past few decades. These plant-derived natural chemicals have demonstrated beneficial impacts on obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to their diverse properties. Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of overweight and diabetes, but there has been limited research on the incidence of MetS in the country. As a result, in this review, we evaluated the prevalence of MetS in Saudi Arabia and its associated risk factors, as well as explored the mechanisms of progression of MetS and the role of natural phytochemicals in the prevention of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faez Falah Alshehri
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Somnuk S, Komindr S, Monkhai S, Poolsawat T, Nakphaichit M, Wanikorn B. Metabolic and inflammatory profiles, gut microbiota and lifestyle factors in overweight and normal weight young thai adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288286. [PMID: 37450433 PMCID: PMC10348517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity among young adults, especially those living in developing countries is increasing. A high body mass index (BMI) is one of the major causes of several diseases worldwide, constituting an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Investigations describing the relationship between BMI, clinical and gut microbiota characteristics and lifestyle factors of overweight young adults, especially from Southeast Asian countries are limited. Metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, fecal microbiota profiles and lifestyle factors were compared between overweight Thai young adults (n = 30, mean age 33 ± 9.48) and those with normal weight (n = 30, mean age 27 ±7.50). This study was registered with the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20220204007). Health status including body composition, fasting glucose and insulin, lipid profiles, liver and kidney function, inflammatory biomarkers, blood pressure and fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing data was determined. Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day dietary record and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), with physical activity levels compared using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The overweight group had significantly higher BMI, waist-hip ratio, body fat mass, % body fat, skeletal mass, triglyceride level, C-reactive protein, insulin and blood pressure, with lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and blood urea nitrogen compared to the normal weight group. Significant differences in fecal microbiota composition at the family and genus levels were observed between the two groups. In our clinical setting, we also observed that unhealthy diets with high consumption of food rich in fat and sugar, processed meat and alcohol, and physical inactivity were associated with an increased prevalence of overweight in Thai young adults. Results provided the big picture of health and lifestyle characteristics of overweight young Thai people. Young adults should be encouraged to engage in health-promoting activities that maintain healthy bodyweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasawadee Somnuk
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Surat Komindr
- Division of Nutrition and Biochemical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sudjai Monkhai
- Wangnumkeaw Sub-district Health Promotion Hospital, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thitirat Poolsawat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Massalin Nakphaichit
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bandhita Wanikorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Allegretta C, Difonzo G, Caponio F, Tamma G, Laselva O. Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) as a Novel Antioxidant That Ameliorates the Inflammatory Response in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:1764. [PMID: 37443798 PMCID: PMC10340374 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (F508del) produces a misfolded CFTR protein that is retained in the ER and degraded. The lack of normal CFTR channel activity is associated with chronic infection and inflammation which are the primary causes of declining lung function in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. Moreover, LPS-dependent oxidative stress downregulates CFTR function in airway epithelial cells. Olive leaf extract (OLE) is used in traditional medicine for its effects, including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory ones. We found that OLE decreased the intracellular ROS levels in a dose-response manner in CFBE cells. Moreover, OLE attenuates the inflammatory response to LPS or IL-1β/TNFα stimulation, mimicking the infection and inflammatory status of CF patients, in CFBE and primary nasal epithelial (HNE) cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that OLE restored the LPS-mediated decrease of TrikfaftaTM-dependent F508del-CFTR function in CFBE and HNE cultures. These findings provide strong evidence of OLE to prevent redox imbalance and inflammation that can cause chronic lung damage by enhancing the antioxidant activity and attenuating inflammation in CF airway epithelial cells. Additionally, OLE might be used in combination with CFTR modulators therapy to improve their efficacy in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Allegretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (F.C.)
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
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Masenga SK, Kabwe LS, Chakulya M, Kirabo A. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7898. [PMID: 37175603 PMCID: PMC10178199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Metabolic syndrome is closely related to obesity. Increased adiposity promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors of various complications involving metabolic syndrome components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. An increasing number of studies confirm the importance of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the etiology of metabolic syndrome. However, few studies have reviewed the mechanisms underlying the role of oxidative stress in contributing to metabolic syndrome. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase mitochondrial dysfunction, protein damage, lipid peroxidation, and impair antioxidant function in metabolic syndrome. Biomarkers of oxidative stress can be used in disease diagnosis and evaluation of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
- Department of Medicine, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Lombe S. Kabwe
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
| | - Martin Chakulya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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Grubić Kezele T, Ćurko-Cofek B. Neuroprotective Panel of Olive Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action, Anti-Demyelination, and Anti-Stroke Properties. Nutrients 2022; 14:4533. [PMID: 36364796 PMCID: PMC9654510 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases such as stroke and multiple sclerosis are associated with high morbidity and mortality, long-term disability, and social and economic burden. Therefore, they represent a major challenge for medical treatment. Numerous evidences support the beneficial effects of polyphenols from olive trees, which can alleviate or even prevent demyelination, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular diseases, and stroke. Polyphenols from olive oils, especially extra virgin olive oil, olive leaves, olive leaf extract, and from other olive tree derivatives, alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress, two major factors in demyelination. In addition, they reduce the risk of stroke due to their multiple anti-stroke effects, such as anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-thrombotic effects. In addition, olive polyphenols have beneficial effects on the plasma lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity in obese individuals. This review provides an updated version of the beneficial properties and mechanisms of action of olive polyphenols against demyelination in the prevention/mitigation of multiple sclerosis, the most common non-traumatic neurological cause of impairment in younger adults, and against cerebral insult with increasing incidence, that has already reached epidemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Grubić Kezele
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Božena Ćurko-Cofek
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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8
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Xia M, Zhong Y, Peng Y, Qian C. Olive oil consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1041203. [PMID: 36330142 PMCID: PMC9623257 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1041203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have shown the preventive effects of olive oil consumption against cardiovascular events and all-cause deaths, but the results remain inconsistent. Herein, we performed a meta-analysis to elucidate this association. Materials and methods A systematical literature search was conducted in online databases (PubMed and Scopus) through July 31, 2022. Prospective cohort studies providing the risk of total cardiovascular disease (CVD) or all-cause mortality for olive oil consumption were included. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were aggregated using random-effect model. Results This meta-analysis included 13 studies comprising a total of 13 prospective cohorts. Compared with lower consumption, higher consumption of olive oil conferred a significantly reduced risk in CVD (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.77–0.93, p < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77–0.90, p < 0.001). This beneficial effect was not modified by the potential confounders such as study country, sample size, follow-up duration, gender, and type of olive oil consumed. In dose-response meta-analysis, the summary RR of per 5-g/days increase in olive oil intake was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.99, p = 0.005) for CVD and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95–0.96, p < 0.001) for all-cause mortality. Non-linear associations of olive oil intake with CVD and all-cause mortality were also identified (both p for non-linearity < 0.001), with little additional or no risk reduction observed beyond the consumption of approximately 20 g/days. Conclusion Olive oil consumption is inversely related to the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. Such benefits seem to be obtained with an intake of olive oil up to 20 g/days, which deserves further exploration in future studies.
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DAYI TAYGUN, OZGOREN MURAT. Effects of the Mediterranean diet on the components of metabolic syndrome. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E56-E64. [PMID: 36479500 PMCID: PMC9710414 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome, also as known as Syndrome X or Insulin Resistance Syndrome, is a complex health problem featuring visceral obesity (the main diagnostic criterion), insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure. Currently, this health condition has gained a momentum globally while raising concerns among health-related communities. The World Health Organization, American Heart Association and International Diabetes Federation have formulated diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. Diet and nutrition can influence this syndrome: for example, the Western diet is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, whereas the Nordic and Mediterranean diets and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension are potentially beneficial. The Mediterranean diet can affect the components of metabolic syndrome due to its high dietary fiber, omega 3 and 9 fatty acids, complex carbohydrates, antioxidants, minerals, vitamins and bioactive substances, such as polyphenols. These nutrients and bioactive substances can combat obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms by which they do so are generally related to oxidative stress, inflammation (the most common risk factors for metabolic syndrome) and gastrointestinal function. The literature also shows examples of positive effects of the Mediterranean diet on the metabolic syndrome. In this review of the literature, we shed light on the effects, mechanisms and dynamic relationship between the Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- TAYGUN DAYI
- Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Taygun Dayi, Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail: ; Murat Ozgoren, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail:
| | - MURAT OZGOREN
- Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Cyprus
- Correspondence: Taygun Dayi, Near East University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail: ; Murat Ozgoren, Near East University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Cyprus 99138. E-mail:
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An Overview of the Potential of Medicinal Plants Used in the Development of Nutraceuticals for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Proposed Biological Mechanisms. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot effectively use it. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing steadily, making it a global public health problem. Several serious complications are associated with this disease. There are a number of different classes of antidiabetic medications. Interestingly, traditional medicine can also be used for the development of novel classes of hypoglycemic therapeutics. This article summarizes an update of the potential of various important medicinal plants used in the development of nutraceuticals for the management of diabetes mellitus, and a proposal of their biological mechanisms.
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Yousaf NY, Tepper BJ. The Effects of Cranberry Polyphenol Extract (CPE) Supplementation on Astringency and Flavor Perception as a Function of PROP Taster Status and Other Individual Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191911995. [PMID: 36231300 PMCID: PMC9565834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) taster status and other individual factors (gender, ethnicity, BMI, and age) are markers of variation in perceptions of astringency and other flavor attributes. Participants (n = 125) evaluated cranberry juice cocktail samples (CJC) supplemented with cranberry-derived polyphenol extract (CPE, added at 0, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.75 g/L), as well as control samples, unsweetened cranberry juice (CJ) and an aqueous solution of 0.75 g/L CPE. Subjects evaluated samples for key sensory attributes and overall liking using a 15 cm line scale. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA and machine learning tools (regression trees and random forest modeling) to examine if the latter approach would extract more meaningful insights about the roles of personal factors in sensory perceptions of cranberry-derived stimuli. ANCOVA revealed robust stimulus effects, but no effect of PROP taster status on astringency perception was observed. Several effects of PROP×gender, ethnicity, and other factors were observed on other sensory attributes and liking. ANCOVA and machine learning tools yielded similar findings, but regression trees provided a more visualized framework. These data show that PROP taster status has a limited role in astringency perception in complex samples and that other personal factors deserve greater focus in future research on astringency perception.
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Papagianni O, Loukas T, Magkoutis A, Kagoudi M, Skalkos D, Kafetzopoulos D, Dimou C, Karantonis HC, Koutelidakis AE. Postprandial Responses of Serum Cholesterol, Glucose and Plasma Antioxidant Activity, after Intake of an Innovative High Fat Mayonnaise-Based Appetizer, Enhanced with Olive Paste, in Healthy Volunteers. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091385. [PMID: 36143421 PMCID: PMC9503524 DOI: 10.3390/life12091385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Several Mediterranean functional foods and their process by-products may exert a beneficial role on hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidative stress modulation, providing bioactive compounds with functional properties, contributing to possible chronic disease prevention (cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes mellitus, etc.). The purpose of the present interventional study was to investigate the postprandial responses of metabolic biomarkers, after the intake of an innovative mayonnaise-based appetizer, enhanced with olive paste, in healthy volunteers. In this cross-over design, randomized and single-blind, interventional−clinical trial, 10 healthy volunteers, aged 20−30 years old, after splitting into the control group and the Mediterranean group, consumed a pasta meal rich in fat and carbohydrates (150 g), containing a mayonnaise-based appetizer or the same appetizer, enhanced with 9% olive paste. After a 1-week washout period, the subjects consumed the meals in reverse. Differences between groups on postprandial responses of total plasma antioxidant capacity according to the FRAP method, serum total cholesterol, glucose, and uric acid levels, were determined before, 30 min, 1.5 h, and 3 h after consumption. The results showed that, in comparison to the control group, consumption of the enhanced appetizer resulted in a significantly decreased total serum cholesterol and glucose levels, and also led to a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant activity, 3 h after consumption (p < 0.05). Further investigation with large prospective studies is needed to validate the current results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Papagianni
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | | | | | - Maria Kagoudi
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Skalkos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Charalampia Dimou
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Haralabos C. Karantonis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Antonios E. Koutelidakis
- Unit of Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Nutrition and Public Health, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Reyes-Goya C, Santana-Garrido Á, Aguilar-Espejo G, Pérez-Camino MC, Mate A, Vázquez CM. Daily consumption of wild olive (acebuche) oil reduces blood pressure and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling in rats with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-14. [PMID: 35000635 PMCID: PMC9530918 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous reports on the beneficial effects of olive oil in the cardiovascular context, very little is known about the olive tree's wild counterpart (Olea europaea, L. var. sylvestris), commonly known as acebuche (ACE) in Spain. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible beneficial effects of an extra virgin ACE oil on vascular function in a rodent model of arterial hypertension (AH) induced by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Four experimental groups of male Wistar rats were studied: (1) normotensive rats (Control group); (2) normotensive rats fed a commercial diet supplemented with 15 % (w/w) ACE oil (Acebuche group); (3) rats made hypertensive following administration of L-NAME (L-NAME group); and (4) rats treated with L-NAME and simultaneously supplemented with 15 % ACE oil (LN + ACE group). All treatments were maintained for 12 weeks. Besides a significant blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect, the ACE oil-enriched diet counteracted the alterations found in aortas from hypertensive rats in terms of morphology and responsiveness to vasoactive mediators. In addition, a decrease in hypertension-related fibrotic and oxidative stress processes was observed in L-NAME-treated rats subjected to ACE oil supplement. Therefore, using a model of AH via nitric oxide depletion, here we demonstrate the beneficial effects of a wild olive oil based upon its vasodilator, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antihypertrophic and antifibrotic properties. We postulate that regular inclusion of ACE oil in the diet can alleviate the vascular remodelling and endothelial dysfunction processes typically found in AH, thus resulting in a significant reduction of BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reyes-Goya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
| | - Álvaro Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gema Aguilar-Espejo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Pérez-Camino
- Departamento de Caracterización y Calidad de lípidos, Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen M. Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012Sevilla, Spain
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013Sevilla, Spain
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Non-Centrifugal Sugar (NCS) and Health: A Review on Functional Components and Health Benefits. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-centrifugal sugar (NCS) is the scientific term the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) uses to define a solid product, produced by sugarcane juice evaporation, which is unrefined or minimally refined. NCS is referred to in various names globally, the most significant ones are whole cane sugar, panela (Latin America), jaggery (India) and kokuto (Japan). NCS contains minerals, bioactive compounds, flavonoids and phenolic acids, which have therapeutic potentials from time immemorial. Even though the bioactive property is dependent on the composition, which relies mainly on the agronomic conditions and production process, NCS possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, substituting the consumption of refined sugar with NCS might be helpful in the control of chronic diseases generally connected to oxidative stress and inflammation. Experimental facts from in vitro and in vivo models have proven that NCS plays an essential role in weight management, maintaining insulin sensitivity and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. NCS has also shown hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. This review aims to synopsize the recent literature pertaining to the benefits of NCS in human health. The NCS can be considered a nutraceutical and functional food. However, detailed and regulated studies are important to enhance the beneficial effects in human and animal interventions.
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PUTSON P, WANIKORN B, SAE-TAN S. Effects of age and food processing of sapodilla leaves for botanical beverage application. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.55022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hadrich F, Chamkha M, Sayadi S. Protective effect of olive leaves phenolic compounds against neurodegenerative disorders: Promising alternative for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases modulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112752. [PMID: 34871668 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work was to review literature on compounds extracted from olive tree leaves, such as simple phenols (hydroxytyrosol) and flavonoids (Apigenin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin.) and their diverse pharmacological activities as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. In addition, the study discussed the key mechanisms underlying their neuroprotective effects. This study adopted an approach of collecting data through the databases provided by ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, PubMed and Google Scholar. This review revealed that there was an agreement on the great impact of olive tree leaves phenolic compounds on many metabolic syndromes as well as on the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson. These findings would be of great importance for the use of olive tree leaves extracts as a food supplement and/or a source of drugs for many diseases. In addition, this review would of great help to beginning researchers in the field since it would offer them a general overview of the studies undertaken in the last two decades on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Hadrich
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Environmental Bioprocesses Laboratory, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, P.O. Box 1177, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center of Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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Cappelli K, Ferlisi F, Mecocci S, Maranesi M, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Zerani M, Dal Bosco A, Acuti G. Dietary Supplementation of Olive Mill Waste Water Polyphenols in Rabbits: Evaluation of the Potential Effects on Hepatic Apoptosis, Inflammation and Metabolism through RT-qPCR Approach. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2932. [PMID: 34679953 PMCID: PMC8532769 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial processing for the production of food or non-food products generates a wide range of by-products and residues rich in bioactive compounds including polyphenols. The concentration of these by-products is sometimes higher than in the original raw material as in the case of olive mill waste water (OMWW), one of the main by-products of olive oil extraction. Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites that regulate the expression of specific inflammatory genes, transcriptional factors and pro/anti-apoptotic molecules, thus modulating the signaling pathways essential for cell health and homeostasis. The liver plays a key role in regulating homeostasis by responding to dietary changes in order to maintain nutritional and physiological states. In this study a nutrigenomic approach was adopted, which focuses on the effects of diet-health-gene interactions and the modulation of cellular processes, in order to evaluate the expression of the genes (AGER, BAX, COX2, IL1B, PPARA, PPARG, SIRT1, TNFA) involved in these interactions in the livers of rabbits fed with a diet supplemented with OMWW (POL) or without supplements (control, CTR). The RT-qPCR analysis showed the down-regulation of SIRT1, TNFA, AGER, BAX and PPARA transcripts in the POL group compared to the CTR group. These results show that OMWW dietary supplementation prevents cell death and tissue deterioration in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Flavia Ferlisi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Samanta Mecocci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Margherita Maranesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Massimo Trabalza-Marinucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Massimo Zerani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo, 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (K.C.); (F.F.); (S.M.); (M.Z.); (G.A.)
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Santana-Garrido Á, Reyes-Goya C, Milla-Navarro S, de la Villa P, André H, Vázquez CM, Mate A. Anti-Inflammatory Action of Dietary Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil in the Retina of Hypertensive Mice. Foods 2021; 10:foods10091993. [PMID: 34574102 PMCID: PMC8466332 DOI: 10.3390/foods10091993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the course of eye diseases, including many vascular retinopathies. Although olive oil is known to have beneficial effects against inflammatory processes, there is no information available on the anti-inflammatory potential of the wild olive tree (namely, acebuche (ACE) for the primitive Spanish lineages). Here we investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ACE oil in the retina of a mouse model of arterial hypertension, which was experimentally induced by administration of L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester). The animals were fed supplements of ACE oil or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO, for comparative purposes). Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography (ERG), and different inflammation-related parameters were measured in the retina and choroid. Besides significant prevention of retinal dysfunction shown in ERG recordings, ACE oil-enriched diet upregulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory markers PPARγ, PPARα and IL-10, while reducing that of major proinflammatory biomarkers, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2. This is the first report to highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of an ACE oil-enriched diet against hypertension-related retinal damage. Noteworthy, dietary supplementation with ACE oil yielded better results compared to a reference EVOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Santana-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (Á.S.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (C.M.V.)
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Claudia Reyes-Goya
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (Á.S.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (C.M.V.)
| | - Santiago Milla-Navarro
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-N.); (P.d.l.V.)
| | - Pedro de la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, 28871 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.-N.); (P.d.l.V.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helder André
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11282 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Carmen M. Vázquez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (Á.S.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (C.M.V.)
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alfonso Mate
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (Á.S.-G.); (C.R.-G.); (C.M.V.)
- Epidemiología Clínica y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Pastor R, Bouzas C, Tur JA. Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with olive oil, oleic acid, or hydroxytyrosol in metabolic syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:372-385. [PMID: 34153478 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Olive oil and components might have a beneficial effect on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The aim of this review and meta-analysis was to assess whether those effects are related to hydroxytyrosol or oleic acid contents, or the combination of them as olive oil, and how powerful is this effect. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in MEDLINE via Pubmed, Web of Science (WOS) core collection, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) via LILACS and IBECS (Spain). MeSH terms used were "obesity", "body weight", "body mass index", "adipose tissue", "lipid metabolism", "LDL", "HDL", "VLDL", "insulin resistance", "glucose", "insulin", "hypertension", "arterial pressure", "olive oil", "oleic acid", and other (non-MeSH) terms: "total antioxidant capacity", "total antioxidant status", "hydroxytyrosol" (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021247614). Results of the included studies were meta-analyzed with the RevMan 5.3 program, assuming a random effects model. RESULTS 76 articles (67 different trials) were identified. Hydroxytyrosol had no effect on MetS [combined standardized mean differences (SMD) = 0.01 (CI 95%: [-0.23, 0.25], I2 = 83%; p = 0.920)]. Oleic acid had no significant beneficial effect on MetS [SMD = 0.03 (CI 95%: [-0.01, 0.07], I2 = 0%); p = 0.150], but it improved lipid profile [SMD = 0.06 (CI 95%: [-0.00, 0.12], I2 = 0%); p = 0. 050]. Olive oil had no effect on MetS [SMD = -0.01 (CI 95%: [-0.05, 0.03]), I2 = 55%; p = 0.550)]. The supplementation with hydroxytyrosol, oleic acid or olive oil showed a beneficial effect on antioxidant capacity related to components of MetS [SMD = 0.31 (CI 95%: [-0.34, 0.95], I2 = 81%)]; p = 0.35). CONCLUSION Most articles compared olive oil and oleic acid with other strategies specially designed for MetS management. Our findings suggest that olive oil or oleic acid consumption are as good as the other strategies to manage MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pastor
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005, Avila, Spain.
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Avila, 05005, Avila, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Addition of Olive Leaf Extract to a Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils Decreases Fatty Acid Oxidation and Synergically Attenuates Age-Induced Hypertension, Sarcopenia and Insulin Resistance in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071066. [PMID: 34356299 PMCID: PMC8301163 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive-derived products, such as virgin olive oil (EVOO) and/or olive leaf extracts (OLE), exert anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing and antihypertensive properties and may be useful for stabilizing omega 3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) due to their high content in antioxidant compounds. In this study, the addition of OLE 4:0.15 (w/w) to a mixture of algae oil (AO) rich in n-3 PUFA and EVOO (25:75, w/w) prevents peroxides formation after 12 months of storage at 30 °C. Furthermore, the treatment with the oil mixture (2.5 mL/Kg) and OLE (100 mg/Kg) to 24 month old Wistar rats for 21 days improved the lipid profile, increased the HOMA-IR and decreased the serum levels of miRNAs 21 and 146a. Treatment with this new nutraceutical also prevented age-induced insulin resistance in the liver, gastrocnemius and visceral adipose tissue by decreasing the mRNA levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Oil mixture + OLE also attenuated the age-induced alterations in vascular function and prevented muscle loss by decreasing the expression of sarcopenia-related markers. In conclusion, treatment with a new nutraceutical based on a mixture of EVOO, AO and OLE is a useful strategy for improving the stability of n-3 PUFA in the final product and to attenuate the cardiometabolic and muscular disorders associated with aging.
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Maranesi M, Dall’Aglio C, Acuti G, Cappelli K, Trabalza Marinucci M, Galarini R, Suvieri C, Zerani M. Effects of Dietary Polyphenols from Olive Mill Waste Waters on Inflammatory and Apoptotic Effectors in Rabbit Ovary. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061727. [PMID: 34207896 PMCID: PMC8228552 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary polyphenols on the expression of the effectors involved in inflammation and apoptosis in rabbit ovary. New Zealand White female rabbits were fed a basal control diet (CTR), or the same diet supplemented with a polyphenolic concentrate (POL, 282.4 mg/kg) obtained from olive mill waste waters. The follicle counts and the relative mRNA (RT-qPCR) and protein (immunohistochemistry) expression of the effectors involved in inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2; interleukin-1beta; tumor necrosis factor-alpha, TNFA) and apoptosis (BCL2-associated X protein, BAX), detected in the ovaries of both groups, were examined. The POL diet increased the primary and total follicles number. Cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression was higher (p < 0.05) in the POL group than in the CTR group, whereas BAX was lower (p < 0.05) in POL than CTR. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of all the proteins examined, with weaker (p < 0.05) COX2 and BAX signals in POL. No differences between the CTR and POL groups were observed for IL1B and TNFA gene and protein expression. These preliminary findings show that dietary polyphenols modulate inflammatory and apoptotic activities in rabbit ovary, regulating cyclooxygenase-2 and BAX expression, thus suggesting a functional involvement of these dietary compounds in mammalian reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maranesi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Cecilia Dall’Aglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Gabriele Acuti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (K.C.)
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.); (K.C.)
| | - Massimo Trabalza Marinucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, via Gaetano Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Suvieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Perugia, piazzale Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Massimo Zerani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.D.); (M.T.M.); (M.Z.)
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González-Hedström D, García-Villalón ÁL, Amor S, de la Fuente-Fernández M, Almodóvar P, Prodanov M, Priego T, Martín AI, Inarejos-García AM, Granado M. Olive leaf extract supplementation improves the vascular and metabolic alterations associated with aging in Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8188. [PMID: 33854149 PMCID: PMC8046982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Olive leaves are rich in bioactive substances which exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, insulin-sensitizing and antihypertensive effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of an olive leaf extract (OLE) rich in secoiridoids and phenolic compounds on the aging-induced metabolic and vascular alterations. Three experimental groups of rats were used: 3-month-old rats, 24-month-old rats and 24-month-old rats supplemented 21 days with OLE (100 mg/kg). Administration of OLE to aged rats decreased the weight of adrenal glands and prevented the aging-induced loss of body weight and muscle mass. In the serum, OLE reduced the circulating levels of LDL-cholesterol and IL-6 and increased the concentrations of leptin and adiponectin. In the liver OLE attenuated the decreased gene expression of SOD-1, GSR, GCK and GSK-3β and reduced the aging-induced overexpression of NOX-4, Alox-5, iNOS and TNF-α. In aorta segments, OLE prevented endothelial dysfunction and vascular insulin resistance and improved vasoconstriction in response to KCl and NA. Improvement in vascular function was associated with the attenuation of the alterations in the gene expression of COX-2, IL-6, GPx, NOX-1 and IL-10. In conclusion, OLE exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in aged rats and attenuates the alterations in vascular function associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Hedström
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L. Parque Científico de Madrid, Avenida del Doctor Severo Ochoa, 37 Local 4J, Alcobendas, 28108, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paula Almodóvar
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L. Parque Científico de Madrid, Avenida del Doctor Severo Ochoa, 37 Local 4J, Alcobendas, 28108, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marin Prodanov
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, CIAL (CEI, CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Priego
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Martín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Manuel Inarejos-García
- Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L. Parque Científico de Madrid, Avenida del Doctor Severo Ochoa, 37 Local 4J, Alcobendas, 28108, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain.
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Kalekhan F, Kudva AK, Raghu SV, Rao S, Hegde SK, Simon P, Baliga MS. Traditionally Used Natural Products in Preventing Ionizing Radiation-Induced Dermatitis: First Review on the Clinical Studies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:64-82. [PMID: 33820524 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210405093236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment of cancer, the use of ionizing radiation is an important modality. However, on the downside, radiation, when used for curative purposes, causes acute dermatitis or radiodermatitis at the site of radiation in most individuals. From a clinical viewpoint, severe dermatitis causes a burning and itching sensation is very painful, and severely affects the quality of life of the individual undergoing treatment. In worse situations, acute radiation dermatitis can cause gaps or breaks in the planned treatment and this can adversely affect the treatment objective and outcome. BACKGROUND In various traditional and folk systems of medicine, plants and plant products have been used since time immemorial for treating various skin ailments. Further, many cosmeceutical creams formulated based on knowledge from ethnomedicinal use are marketed and used to treat various ailments. In the current review, an attempt is made at summarizing the beneficial effects of some plants and plant products in mitigating acute radiation dermatitis in humans undergoing curative radiotherapy. Additionally, the emphasis is also placed on the mechanism/s responsible for the beneficial effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to summarize the clinical observations on the prevention of radiodermatitis by plant products. In this review, the protective effects of Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) bran extract, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Cucumis sativus, green tea constituent the epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honey, Achillea millefolium, Matricaria chamomilla, olive oil and some polyherbal creams are addressed by also addressing on the mechanism of action for the beneficial effects. METHODS Two authors' data mined for information in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for publications in the field from 1901 up to July 2020. The focus was on acute radiation dermatitis, ionizing radiation, curative radiotherapy, human cancer. The articles were collected and analyzed. RESULTS For the first time, this review addresses the usefulness of natural products like adlay bran, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Cucumis sativus, green tea constituent the epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honey, Achillea millefolium, Matricaria chamomilla, olive oil and some experimentally constituted and commercially available polyherbal creams as skincare agents against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on the skin. The protective effects are possibly due to the free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and skin protective effects. CONCLUSION The authors suggest that these plants have been used since antiquity as medicinal agents and require in-depth investigation with both clinical and preclinical validated models of study. The results of these studies will be extremely useful to cancer patients requiring curative radiotherapy, the dermatology fraternity, agro-based and pharmaceutical sectors at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Kalekhan
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Avinash K Kudva
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka. India
| | - Shamprasad V Raghu
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka. India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Sanath K Hegde
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Paul Simon
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Manjeshwar S Baliga
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
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Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Centrone M, D'Agostino M, Tingskov SJ, Venneri M, Pellegrino T, Difonzo G, Caponio F, Norregaard R, Valenti G, Tamma G. Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) impaired vasopressin-induced aquaporin-2 trafficking through the activation of the calcium-sensing receptor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4537. [PMID: 33633156 PMCID: PMC7907100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP) increases water permeability in the renal collecting duct through the regulation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) trafficking. Several disorders, including hypertension and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), are associated with abnormalities in water homeostasis. It has been shown that certain phytocompounds are beneficial to human health. Here, the effects of the Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) have been evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models. Confocal studies showed that OLE prevents the vasopressin induced AQP2 translocation to the plasma membrane in MCD4 cells and rat kidneys. Incubation with OLE decreases the AVP-dependent increase of the osmotic water permeability coefficient (Pf). To elucidate the possible effectors of OLE, intracellular calcium was evaluated. OLE increases the intracellular calcium through the activation of the Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR). NPS2143, a selective CaSR inhibitor, abolished the inhibitory effect of OLE on AVP-dependent water permeability. In vivo experiments revealed that treatment with OLE increases the expression of the CaSR mRNA and decreases AQP2 mRNA paralleled by an increase of the AQP2-targeting miRNA-137. Together, these findings suggest that OLE antagonizes vasopressin action through stimulation of the CaSR indicating that this extract may be beneficial to attenuate disorders characterized by abnormal CaSR signaling and affecting renal water reabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Centrone
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia D'Agostino
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Venneri
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pellegrino
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rikke Norregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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Ahmad M, Mehyar G, Othman G. Nutritional, functional and microbiological characteristics of Jordanian fermented green Nabali Baladi olives. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2021. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1258192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The quality characteristics of green olives produced by the traditional spontaneous fermentation method in Jordan have never been studied. We investigated the nutritional, functional, and microbiological characteristics of Jordanian fermented green Nabali Baladi olives (GNBFO). Proximate composition, fatty acids, and total polyphenols were determined by standard protocols. Cultivable microflora was monitored over 3 months of fermentation. Isolated microorganisms were identified by molecular sequencing and in vitro probiotic traits were tested. GNBFO contained fiber (3g⁄100g), total polyphenols (306mg⁄100g), oil (19.3g ⁄100g), and oleic acid (70%). Yeast strains (Candida diddensiae and Candida naeodendra) were predominant and showed acid (pH=2.5) and bile salt (0.1% and 0.3%) resistant and high adhesion ability (ca∼107CFU/ml) to intestinal cell lines; they were positive to catalase and negative to lipase and none possessed antimicrobial activity against selected pathogens. Lactic acid bacteria were not detected. In conclusion, the GNBFO have promising functional characteristics as they contain valuable nutrients, antioxidants, and yeast strains with potential probiotic traits.
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Noce A, Di Lauro M, Di Daniele F, Pietroboni Zaitseva A, Marrone G, Borboni P, Di Daniele N. Natural Bioactive Compounds Useful in Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020630. [PMID: 33669163 PMCID: PMC7919668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation characterized by a plethora of comorbidities, including hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. All MetS comorbidities participate to induce a low-grade inflammation state and oxidative stress, typical of this syndrome. MetS is related to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and early death, with an important impact on health-care costs. For its clinic management a poly-pharmaceutical therapy is often required, but this can cause side effects and reduce the patient's compliance. For this reason, finding a valid and alternative therapeutic strategy, natural and free of side effects, could represent a useful tool in the fight the MetS. In this context, the use of functional foods, and the assumption of natural bioactive compounds (NBCs), could exert beneficial effects on body weight, blood pressure and glucose metabolism control, on endothelial damage, on the improvement of lipid profile, on the inflammatory state, and on oxidative stress. This review focuses on the possible beneficial role of NBCs in the prevention and in the clinical management of MetS and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (G.M.); Tel. + 39-06-2090-2194 (A.N.); +39-06-2090-2191 (G.M.)
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Francesca Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Pietroboni Zaitseva
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (G.M.); Tel. + 39-06-2090-2194 (A.N.); +39-06-2090-2191 (G.M.)
| | - Patrizia Borboni
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (F.D.D.); (A.P.Z.); (N.D.D.)
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Hidalgo-Mora JJ, Cortés-Sierra L, García-Pérez MÁ, Tarín JJ, Cano A. Diet to Reduce the Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Menopause. The Logic for Olive Oil. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103184. [PMID: 33081027 PMCID: PMC7603201 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of metabolic syndrome are increasing in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity, primarily due to its concomitant insulin resistance. This is particularly concerning for women, as the years around menopause are accompanied by an increase in visceral obesity, a strong determinant of insulin resistance. A fall in estrogens and increase in the androgen/estrogen ratio is attributed a determining role in this process, which has been confirmed in other physiological models, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. A healthy lifestyle, with special emphasis on nutrition, has been recommended as a first-line strategy in consensuses and guidelines. A consistent body of evidence has accumulated suggesting that the Mediterranean diet, with olive oil as a vital component, has both health benefits and acceptable adherence. Herein, we provide an updated overview of current knowledge on the benefits of olive oil most relevant to menopause-associated metabolic syndrome, including an analysis of the components with the greatest health impact, their effect on basic mechanisms of disease, and the state of the art regarding their action on the main features of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Hidalgo-Mora
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario—INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.H.-M.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Laura Cortés-Sierra
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario—INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.H.-M.); (L.C.-S.)
| | - Miguel-Ángel García-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, and INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Antonio Cano
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Clínico Universitario—INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.J.H.-M.); (L.C.-S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Av Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-983087
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Time Course of Salivary Protein Responses to Cranberry-Derived Polyphenol Exposure as a Function of PROP Taster Status. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092878. [PMID: 32967117 PMCID: PMC7551352 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astringency is a complex oral sensation, commonly experienced when dietary polyphenols interact with salivary proteins. Most astringent stimuli alter protein levels, which then require time to be replenished. Although it is standard practice in astringency research to provide breaks in between stimuli, there is limited consensus over the amount of time needed to restore the oral environment to baseline levels. Here we examined salivary protein levels after exposure to 20 mL of a model stimulus (cranberry polyphenol extract, 0.75 g/L CPE) or unsweetened cranberry juice (CJ), over a 10 min period. Whole saliva from healthy subjects (n = 60) was collected at baseline and after 5 and 10 min following either stimulus. Five families of proteins: basic proline-rich proteins (bPRPs); acidic proline-rich proteins (aPRPs); histatins; statherin; and S-type cystatins, were analyzed in whole saliva via HPLC-low resolution-ESI-IT-MS, using the area of the extracted ion current (XIC) peaks. Amylase was quantified via immunoblotting. In comparison to baseline (resting), both stimuli led to a rise in levels of aPRPs (p < 0.000) at 5 min which remained elevated at 10 min after stimulation. Additionally, an interaction of PROP taster status and time was observed, wherein super-tasters had higher levels of amylase in comparison to non-tasters after stimulation with CJ at both timepoints (p = 0.014–0.000). Further, male super-tasters had higher levels of bPRPs at 5 min after stimulation with both CJ and CPE (p = 0.015–0.007) in comparison to baseline. These data provide novel findings of interindividual differences in the salivary proteome that may influence the development of astringency and that help inform the design of sensory experiments of astringency.
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Retinoprotective Effect of Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil-Enriched Diet against Ocular Oxidative Stress Induced by Arterial Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090885. [PMID: 32961933 PMCID: PMC7555058 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases, including hypertensive eye diseases. The beneficial effects of olive oil on cardiovascular diseases might rely on minor constituents. Currently, very little is known about the chemical composition and/or therapeutic effects of the cultivated olive tree’s counterpart, wild olive (also known in Spain as acebuche—ACE). Here, we aimed to analyze the antioxidant and retinoprotective effects of ACE oil on the eye of hypertensive mice made hypertensive via administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), which were subjected to a dietary supplementation with either ACE oil or extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) for comparison purposes. Deep analyses of major and minor compounds present in both oils was accompanied by blood pressure monitoring, morphometric analyses, as well as different determinations of oxidative stress-related parameters in retinal layers. Aside from its antihypertensive effect, an ACE oil-enriched diet reduced NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase activity/gene/protein expression (with a major implication of NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 isoform) in the retinas of hypertensive mice. Supplementation with ACE oil in hypertensive animals also improved alterations in nitric oxide bioavailability and in antioxidant enzyme profile. Interestingly, our findings show that the use of ACE oil resulted in better outcomes, compared with reference EVOO, against hypertension-related oxidative retinal damage.
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Hashizume Y, Tandia M. The reduction impact of monoglucosyl rutin on abdominal visceral fat: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3577-3589. [PMID: 32935866 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water soluble α-glycosylated rutin (4G-α-D-glucopyranosyl rutin, monoglucosyl rutin, MR) was used in this study to evaluate its ability to reduce abdominal visceral fat (AVF). We conducted a study examining 66 healthy Japanese men and women with a body mass index of ≥23 and <30 kg/m2 for 8 weeks. The subjects were randomly assigned to groups via computer random numbers as follows: MR200 group (MR 200 mg/day), MR400 group (MR 400mg/day), or placebo group. The primary outcome was change in the AVF area after 8 weeks of intervention. The secondary outcomes were effects of MR on total fat and subcutaneous fat of umbilical area, lipid-related markers, and subjective symptoms. The per-protocol set analysis involved 18 subjects in the placebo group (7 males and 11 females), 20 subjects in the MR200 group (8 males and 12 females), and 20 subjects in the MR400 group (8 males and 12 females). AVF area in both the MR200 and MR400 groups was reduced at week 8, with changes from the baseline (week 0) significantly higher than the placebo group. Additionally, the MR400 group reported improved subjective symptoms concerning being "worried about abdominal fat" at week 4 compared with the placebo group. These results indicate that the consumption of MR (200 and 400 mg/day) for 8 weeks reduced AVF. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Monoglucosyl rutin, an enzymatically modified form of rutin, is a highly stable and water-soluble flavonoid widely used in food and beverages to prevent oxidation. The present clinical study demonstrated that it may improve overall health by reducing abdominal visceral fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Hashizume
- Toyo Sugar Refining Co., Ltd, Yoto Bldg., 18-20, Nihombashi-Koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0016, Japan
| | - Mahamadou Tandia
- Toyo Sugar Refining Co., Ltd, Yoto Bldg., 18-20, Nihombashi-Koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0016, Japan
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Nutrition, Bioenergetics, and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092785. [PMID: 32933003 PMCID: PMC7551996 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the global nutrition report shows that whilst part of the world’s population starves, the other part suffers from obesity and associated complications. A balanced diet counterparts these extreme conditions with the proper proportion, composition, quantity, and presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, and bioactive compounds. However, little is known on the way these components exert any influence on our health. These nutrients aiming to feed our bodies, our tissues, and our cells, first need to reach mitochondria, where they are decomposed into CO2 and H2O to obtain energy. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell and mainly responsible for nutrients metabolism, but they are also the main source of oxidative stress and cell death by apoptosis. Unappropriated nutrients may support mitochondrial to become the Trojan horse in the cell. This review aims to provide an approach to the role that some nutrients exert on mitochondria as a major contributor to high prevalent Western conditions including metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of pathologic conditions which promotes type II diabetes and cardiovascular risk. Clinical and experimental data extracted from in vitro animal and cell models further demonstrated in patients, support the idea that a balanced diet, in a healthy lifestyle context, promotes proper bioenergetic and mitochondrial function, becoming the best medicine to prevent the onset and progression of MetS. Any advance in the prevention and management of these prevalent complications help to face these challenging global health problems, by ameliorating the quality of life of patients and reducing the associated sociosanitary burden.
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AlKhattaf NF, Alraddadi AM, Aljarbou MA, Arnauti MA, Alfaleh AM, Hammouda SA. Determining the correlation between olive oil consumption, BMI, and waist circumference in the adult Saudi population. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:380-386. [PMID: 33132810 PMCID: PMC7564903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the correlation between dietary intake of olive oil, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 200 participants aged 20–30 years using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic data was collected via a questionnaire, while dietary data was collected for two days using a 24-hour dietary recall. Anthropometric data such as BMI and WC were collected, and all the information was entered into the Diet Organizer software and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software for statistical analysis. The test results were assessed on the basis of a significance level of 95% (p < 0.05). Results We did not find a significant difference in BMI and WC between high and low olive oil consumers. Carbohydrate intake was significantly higher among low olive oil consumers. Although high olive oil consumers had a significantly higher caloric intake, they had a similar BMI compared to low olive oil consumers. Conclusion This study provides baseline data on the intake of olive oil in a Saudi cohort aged 20–30 years. This study suggests that high olive oil intake may have a role in maintaining body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sahar A Hammouda
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
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Sandoval V, Sanz-Lamora H, Arias G, Marrero PF, Haro D, Relat J. Metabolic Impact of Flavonoids Consumption in Obesity: From Central to Peripheral. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2393. [PMID: 32785059 PMCID: PMC7469047 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention and treatment of obesity is primary based on the follow-up of a healthy lifestyle, which includes a healthy diet with an important presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. For many years, the health benefits of polyphenols have been attributed to their anti-oxidant capacity as free radical scavengers. More recently it has been described that polyphenols activate other cell-signaling pathways that are not related to ROS production but rather involved in metabolic regulation. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge in this field by focusing on the metabolic effects of flavonoids. Flavonoids are widely distributed in the plant kingdom where they are used for growing and defensing. They are structurally characterized by two benzene rings and a heterocyclic pyrone ring and based on the oxidation and saturation status of the heterocyclic ring flavonoids are grouped in seven different subclasses. The present work is focused on describing the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic impact of flavonoids in obesity and obesity-related diseases. We described the effects of each group of flavonoids in liver, white and brown adipose tissue and central nervous system and the metabolic and signaling pathways involved on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sandoval
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Hèctor Sanz-Lamora
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Giselle Arias
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Pedro F. Marrero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Haro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Relat
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Food Torribera Campus, University of Barcelona, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain; (V.S.); (H.S.-L.); (G.A.); (P.F.M.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety of the University of Barcelona (INSA-UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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34
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Fernández-Calderón MC, Navarro-Pérez ML, Blanco-Roca MT, Gómez-Navia C, Pérez-Giraldo C, Vadillo-Rodríguez V. Chemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Spanish Propolis with New Polyphenols also Found in Olive Oil and High Amounts of Flavonoids. Molecules 2020; 25:E3318. [PMID: 32707882 PMCID: PMC7435631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product obtained from hives. Its chemical composition varies depending on the flora of its surroundings, but nevertheless, common for all types of propolis, they all exhibit remarkable biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of a novel Spanish Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (SEEP). It was found that this new SEEP contains high amounts of polyphenols (205 ± 34 mg GAE/g), with unusually more than half of this of the flavonoid class (127 ± 19 mg QE/g). Moreover, a detailed analysis of its chemical composition revealed the presence of olive oil compounds (Vanillic acid, 1-Acetoxypinoresinol, p-HPEA-EA and 3,4-DHPEA-EDA) never detected before in propolis samples. Additionally, relatively high amounts of ferulic acid and quercetin were distinguished, both known for their important therapeutic benefits. Regarding the antimicrobial properties of SEEP, the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were found at the concentrations of 240 and 480 µg/mL, respectively. Importantly, subinhibitory concentrations were also found to significantly decrease bacterial growth. Therefore, the results presented here uncover a new type of propolis rich in flavonoids with promising potential uses in different areas of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Coronada Fernández-Calderón
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Luisa Navarro-Pérez
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
| | - María Teresa Blanco-Roca
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carolina Gómez-Navia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
| | - Ciro Pérez-Giraldo
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Virgina Vadillo-Rodríguez
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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35
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Brogi S, Sirous H, Calderone V, Chemi G. Amyloid β fibril disruption by oleuropein aglycone: long-time molecular dynamics simulation to gain insight into the mechanism of action of this polyphenol from extra virgin olive oil. Food Funct 2020; 11:8122-8132. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insight into the mechanism of action of oleuropein aglycone as a potent anti-amyloidogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy
- University of Pisa
- 56126 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Hajar Sirous
- Bioinformatics Research Center
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
- 81746-73461 Isfahan
- Iran
| | | | - Giulia Chemi
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research
- Drug Discovery Unit
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery
- University of Dundee
- DD1 5EH Dundee
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36
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Drehmer E, Navarro-Moreno MÁ, Carrera S, Villar VM, Moreno ML. Oxygenic metabolism in nutritional obesity induced by olive oil. The influence of vitamin C. Food Funct 2019; 10:3567-3580. [PMID: 31157805 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a medical and sociological problem of great importance due to the high percentage of people affected and the important health consequences that it involves. Most cases of obesity are related to an inadequate diet, rich in fats, which could lead to changes in the patient's oxygenic metabolism. That is why this study has been proposed to evaluate how some aspects of oxygenic metabolism are affected in a nutritional experimental model, with a controlled hyperlipidic liquid diet based on olive oil, and the effect of the antioxidant vitamin C on these conditions. Wistar rats were divided into four groups which received a control and hyperlipidic liquid diet for 30 days, with or without a vitamin C supplement (CO, COC, HO and HOC). First of all the body and fat tissue development was measured in the four groups. Our results showed that the excessive intake of nutritional and healthy fat such as olive oil did not prevent the appearance of obesity and the supplementation with vitamin C did not have a protective effect on body and fat development. The study of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in total liver, liver cytosol, abdominal white fat, brown fat and blood cells showed that vitamin C could have different selectivities and affinities for different enzymes and compartments/tissues of the body. Finally, the effect of vitamin C on various metabolic parameters (glucose, pyruvate, lactate, LDH, ATP, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate) provided positive protection against oxidative stress especially under hyperlipidic conditions. All things considered, the present study concludes that vitamin C treatment could protect Wistar rats from the oxidative stress impairment induced by obesity generated by an excessive intake of fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eraci Drehmer
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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37
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Carpi S, Scoditti E, Massaro M, Polini B, Manera C, Digiacomo M, Esposito Salsano J, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Doccini S, Santorelli FM, Carluccio MA, Macchia M, Wabitsch M, De Caterina R, Nieri P. The Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Oleocanthal and Oleacein Counteract Inflammation-Related Gene and miRNA Expression in Adipocytes by Attenuating NF-κB Activation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122855. [PMID: 31766503 PMCID: PMC6950227 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the adipose tissue plays an important role in the development of several chronic diseases associated with obesity. Polyphenols of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), such as the secoiridoids oleocanthal (OC) and oleacein (OA), have many nutraceutical proprieties. However, their roles in obesity-associated adipocyte inflammation, the NF-κB pathway and related sub-networks have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated impact of OC and OA on the activation of NF-κB and the expression of molecules associated with inflammatory and dysmetabolic responses. To this aim, fully differentiated Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes were pre-treated with OC or OA before stimulation with TNF-α. EVOO polyphenols significantly reduced the expression of genes implicated in adipocyte inflammation (IL-1β, COX-2), angiogenesis (VEGF/KDR, MMP-2), oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase), antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPX), leukocytes chemotaxis and infiltration (MCP-1, CXCL-10, MCS-F), and improved the expression of the anti-inflammatory/metabolic effector PPARγ. Accordingly, miR-155-5p, miR-34a-5p and let-7c-5p, tightly connected with the NF-κB pathway, were deregulated by TNF-α in both cells and exosomes. The miRNA modulation and NF-κB activation by TNF-α was significantly counteracted by EVOO polyphenols. Computational studies suggested a potential direct interaction between OC and NF-κB at the basis of its activity. This study demonstrates that OC and OA counteract adipocyte inflammation attenuating NF-κB activation. Therefore, these compounds could be novel dietary tools for the prevention of inflammatory diseases associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-2219597
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jasmine Esposito Salsano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Doctoral School in Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
| | - Stefano Doccini
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filippo Maria Santorelli
- Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Calambrone, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Maria Annunziata Carluccio
- National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100 Lecce, Italy; (E.S.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany;
| | | | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (B.P.); (C.M.); (M.D.); (J.E.S.); (G.P.); (T.T.); (M.M.); (P.N.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health” University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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38
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Bagetta D, Maruca A, Lupia A, Mesiti F, Catalano R, Romeo I, Moraca F, Ambrosio FA, Costa G, Artese A, Ortuso F, Alcaro S, Rocca R. Mediterranean products as promising source of multi-target agents in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111903. [PMID: 31787360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of nutritional habits play an essential role on the risk of developing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Several epidemiological studies have shown that assuming diets rich of foods included in the Mediterranean diet (MetDiet) pattern like, such as olive oil, nuts, fruit, fiber, vegetables, wine and grain cereals has protective effects on the different risk factors characterizing the MetS. The beneficial effects of the MetDiet in the MetS are mainly due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the most abundant phytochemical components of such foods as polyphenols like resveratrol and oleuropein, allyl sulfides, ellagic acid, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA), tocopherols and flavonoids like quercetin, which have shown positive results in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with related risk factors, like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity. In this review, we highlighted the multi-target activities of the bioactive components contained in some foods typical of the Mediterranean area like olive oil, onion, liquorice, rosemary, oregano, hazelnut, pistachio, "Melannurca" apple, red wine, hot pepper, Citrus sp. fruits, saffron and garlic, with particular focus on their impact on health outcomes in relation to MetS main key factors, such as insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), endothelial dysfunctions, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemic and hypercholesterolemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Bagetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Maruca
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Mesiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaella Catalano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Isabella Romeo
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Græcia" University, Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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39
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Fernandes J, Fialho M, Santos R, Peixoto-Plácido C, Madeira T, Sousa-Santos N, Virgolino A, Santos O, Vaz Carneiro A. Is olive oil good for you? A systematic review and meta-analysis on anti-inflammatory benefits from regular dietary intake. Nutrition 2019; 69:110559. [PMID: 31539817 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is rapidly increasing, and evidence shows that diet and lifestyle are key areas of intervention to decrease their burden. Olive oil is considered one of the key nutritional components responsible for the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, which is characterized by the use of olive oil in meals as the main source of fat; a high consumption of water, fruits, nuts, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, spices, and herbs; a moderate consumption of dairy products (mainly cheese and yogurt), fish, poultry, and red wine; and a reduced consumption of red meat and processed foods. The aim of this review was to summarize evidence from randomized controlled trials on the effect of regular dietary intake of olive oil on three inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Reviewed RCTs reveal beneficial effects of olive oil by reducing levels of inflammation markers. Olive oil taken on a regular basis can be a good dietary fat alternative, especially to manage IL-6. However, further research is required to clarify the effects of olive oil consumption on inflammation, comparing to other fats. Moreover, olive oil daily dosage, different time-lenght intervention and follow-up periods should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Fernandes
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Mónica Fialho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Santos
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Peixoto-Plácido
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Madeira
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa-Santos
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde de Leiria, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ana Virgolino
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Vaz Carneiro
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Lisboa, Portugal; Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro de Estudos de Medicina Baseada na Evidência, Lisboa, Portugal
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40
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Cuyàs E, Gumuzio J, Lozano-Sánchez J, Carreras D, Verdura S, Llorach-Parés L, Sanchez-Martinez M, Selga E, Pérez GJ, Scornik FS, Brugada R, Bosch-Barrera J, Segura-Carretero A, Martin ÁG, Encinar JA, Menendez JA. Extra Virgin Olive Oil Contains a Phenolic Inhibitor of the Histone Demethylase LSD1/KDM1A. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071656. [PMID: 31331073 PMCID: PMC6683035 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1) also known as lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1A (KDM1A) is a central epigenetic regulator of metabolic reprogramming in obesity-associated diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. Here, we evaluated the ability of oleacein, a biophenol secoiridoid naturally present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), to target LSD1. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation approaches revealed that oleacein could target the binding site of the LSD1 cofactor flavin adenosine dinucleotide with high affinity and at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, oleacein was predicted to target the interaction of LSD1 with histone H3 and the LSD1 co-repressor (RCOR1/CoREST), likely disturbing the anchorage of LSD1 to chromatin. AlphaScreen-based in vitro assays confirmed the ability of oleacein to act as a direct inhibitor of recombinant LSD1, with an IC50 as low as 2.5 μmol/L. Further, oleacein fully suppressed the expression of the transcription factor SOX2 (SEX determining Region Y-box 2) in cancer stem-like and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which specifically occurs under the control of an LSD1-targeted distal enhancer. Conversely, oleacein failed to modify ectopic SOX2 overexpression driven by a constitutive promoter. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that EVOO contains a naturally occurring phenolic inhibitor of LSD1, and support the use of oleacein as a template to design new secoiridoid-based LSD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Cuyàs
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Lozano-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - David Carreras
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Sara Verdura
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Elisabet Selga
- Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Guillermo J Pérez
- Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabiana S Scornik
- Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), 17007 Girona, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), PTS Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | | | - José Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE) and Molecular and Cell Biology Institute (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain.
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain.
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Vásquez-Villanueva R, Plaza M, García MC, Turner C, Marina ML. A sustainable approach for the extraction of cholesterol-lowering compounds from an olive by-product based on CO 2-expanded ethyl acetate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:5885-5896. [PMID: 31280476 PMCID: PMC6704084 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea) processing results in large amounts of by-products that contain valuable molecules such as phenolic compounds and phytosterols. These molecules have demonstrated to reduce blood cholesterol levels. This work proposes the development of a method to obtain simultaneously phenolic compounds and phytosterols from the olive stone using CO2-expanded liquid extraction. Hansen solubility parameters were employed for the theoretical prediction of the most suitable bio-based solvent to extract target compounds. The Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to select the optimal conditions of pressure (8-25 MPa), the molar fraction of CO2 in ethyl acetate (0.15-0.55), and the temperature (40-80 °C). Extracts showing the highest and the lowest reductions of micellar cholesterol solubility capacity were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to find out the compounds responsible for this activity. Different phenolic compounds, free fatty acids, and phytosterols were identified in the extracts. β-Sitosterol and, especially, tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol were the compounds that primarily contributed to the reduction of micellar cholesterol solubility capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Vásquez-Villanueva
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Concepción García
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - María Luisa Marina
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés M. del Río, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Araki R, Fujie K, Yuine N, Watabe Y, Nakata Y, Suzuki H, Isoda H, Hashimoto K. Olive leaf tea is beneficial for lipid metabolism in adults with prediabetes: an exploratory randomized controlled trial. Nutr Res 2019; 67:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ranieri M, Di Mise A, Difonzo G, Centrone M, Venneri M, Pellegrino T, Russo A, Mastrodonato M, Caponio F, Valenti G, Tamma G. Green olive leaf extract (OLE) provides cytoprotection in renal cells exposed to low doses of cadmium. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214159. [PMID: 30897184 PMCID: PMC6428325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy and highly toxic metal that contaminates air, food and water. Cadmium accumulates in several organs altering normal functions. The kidney is the major organ at risk of damage from chronic exposure to cadmium as a contaminant in food and water. This study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of OLE in renal collecting duct MCD4 cells exposed to a low dose cadmium (1 μM). In MCD4 cells cadmium caused an increase in ROS production, as well as generation of lipid droplets and reduced cell viability. Moreover, cadmium exposure led to a remarkable increase in the frequency of micronuclei and DNA double-strand breaks, assessed using the alkaline comet assay. In addition, cadmium dramatically altered cell cytoskeleton architecture and caused S-glutathionylation of actin. Notably, all cadmium-induced cellular deregulations were prevented by co-treatment with OLE, possibly due to its antioxidant action and to the presence of bioactive phytocompounds. Indeed, OLE treatment attenuated Cd-induced actin S-glutathionylation, thereby stabilizing actin filaments. Taken together, these observations provide a novel insight into the biological action of OLE in renal cells and support the notion that OLE may serve as a potential adjuvant against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ranieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Di Mise
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Centrone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Venneri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pellegrino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Russo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Caponio
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Valenti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Bari, Italy
- Center of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi (I.N.B.B.), Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Larussa T, Imeneo M, Luzza F. Olive Tree Biophenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: When Bitter is Better. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061390. [PMID: 30897691 PMCID: PMC6471980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current therapeutic scenario for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involves aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunomodulators, but concerns regarding their safety profiles and high costs heavily impact their widespread use. In recent years, the beneficial effects thatbiophenols—from fruit and vegetables—have on human health have been investigated. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic fraction, from olive leaves and fruits, have been suggested, and a potential application in gut inflammation has been supported by in vitro and IBD-animal models studies. In the present review, we first introduced the potential therapeutic role of olive tree biophenolsin chronic inflammatory disease. Then, we aimed to describe their most interesting application for gut inflammation, as the results of basic science studies and animal experimental models. Finally, the potential role of olive tree biophenols in the setting of human IBD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Imeneo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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45
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Li M, Fang H, Hu J. Apelin‑13 ameliorates metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in a rat model of type 2 diabetes with a high‑fat diet. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5784-5790. [PMID: 30387843 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Fang
- Department of Cadre Ward, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang, Liaoning 110031, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Finicelli M, Squillaro T, Di Cristo F, Di Salle A, Melone MAB, Galderisi U, Peluso G. Metabolic syndrome, Mediterranean diet, and polyphenols: Evidence and perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5807-5826. [PMID: 30317573 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as the co-occurrence of metabolic risk factors that includes insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and visceral obesity. The clinical significance of MetS consists of identifying a subgroup of patients sharing a common physiopathological state predisposing to chronic diseases. Clinical and scientific studies pinpoint lifestyle modification as an effective strategy aiming to reduce several features accountable for the risk of MetS onset. Among the healthy dietary patterns, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) emerges in terms of beneficial properties associated with longevity. Current evidence highlights the protective effect exerted by MedDiet on the different components of MetS. Interestingly, the effect exerted by polyphenols contained within the representative MedDiet components (i.e., olive oil, red wine, and nuts) seems to be accountable for the beneficial properties associated to this dietary pattern. In this review, we aim to summarize the principal evidence regarding the effectiveness of MedDiet-polyphenols in preventing or delaying the physiopathological components accountable for MetS onset. These findings may provide useful insights concerning the health properties of MedDiet-polyphenols as well as the novel targets destined to a tailored approach to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Finicelli
- Institute of Agri-Environmental Biology and Forestry (IBAF), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Squillaro
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anna Di Salle
- Institute of Agri-Environmental Biology and Forestry (IBAF), CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences, and Aging, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Institute of Agri-Environmental Biology and Forestry (IBAF), CNR, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Arthritis is a global health concern affecting a significant proportion of the population and associated with reduced quality of life. Among the different forms of arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the most common and lacking a definite cure in the affected individuals. Fruits, such as berries and pomegranates are rich sources of a variety of dietary bioactive compounds, especially the polyphenolic flavonoids that have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Emerging research demonstrates a protective role of fruits and their polyphenols in pre-clinical, clinical and epidemiological studies of OA and RA. In this context, commonly available fruits, such as blueberries, raspberries and strawberries, and pomegranates have shown promising results in reducing pain and inflammation in experimental models and in human clinical studies of arthritis. There is also some evidence on the role of specific fruit polyphenols, such as quercetin and citrus flavonoids in alleviating RA symptoms. These emerging data deserve further investigation in rigorous scientific studies to determine the mechanisms, dosing and selection of fruits and fruit extracts in arthritis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Basu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Lima-Cabello E, Biel-Glesson S, Fernandez-Navarro JR, Calleja MA, Roca M, Espejo-Calvo JA, Gil-Extremera B, Soria-Florido M, de la Torre R, Fito M, Covas MI, Alche JDD, Martinez de Victoria E, Gil A, Mesa MD. Effects of Virgin Olive Oils Differing in Their Bioactive Compound Contents on Metabolic Syndrome and Endothelial Functional Risk Biomarkers in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:E626. [PMID: 29772657 PMCID: PMC5986505 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of virgin olive oils (VOOs) enriched with phenolic compounds and triterpenes on metabolic syndrome and endothelial function biomarkers in healthy adults. The trial was a three-week randomized, crossover, controlled, double-blind, intervention study involving 58 subjects supplemented with a daily dose (30 mL) of three oils: (1) a VOO (124 ppm of phenolic compounds and 86 ppm of triterpenes); (2) an optimized VOO (OVOO) (490 ppm of phenolic compounds and 86 ppm of triterpenes); and (3) a functional olive oil (FOO) high in phenolic compounds (487 ppm) and enriched with triterpenes (389 ppm). Metabolic syndrome and endothelial function biomarkers were determined in vivo and ex vivo. Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) increased after the OVOO intake. Plasma endothelin-1 levels decreased after the intake of the three olive oils, and in blood cell cultures challenged. Daily intake of VOO enriched in phenolic compounds improved plasma HDLc, although no differences were found at the end of the three interventions, while VOO with at least 124 ppm of phenolic compounds, regardless of the triterpenes content improved the systemic endothelin-1 levels in vivo and ex vivo. No effect of triterpenes was observed after three weeks of interventions. Results need to be confirmed in subjects with metabolic syndrome and impaired endothelial function (Clinical Trials number NCT02520739).
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Elena Lima-Cabello
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Sara Biel-Glesson
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose R Fernandez-Navarro
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Calleja
- Fundación Pública Andaluza para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental "Alejandro Otero" (FIBAO), Avenida de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria Roca
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), University Campus Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan A Espejo-Calvo
- Instituto para la Calidad y Seguridad Alimentaria (ICSA), Avenida de la Hispanidad 17, 18320 Santa Fe, Granada, Spain.
| | - Blas Gil-Extremera
- Department of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria Soria-Florido
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fito
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- NUPROAS Handelsbolag, Nackã, Sweden, NUPROAS HB, Apartado de Correos 93, 17242 Girona, Spain.
| | - Juan de Dios Alche
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Emilio Martinez de Victoria
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre, Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria D Mesa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Derosa G, Catena G, Raddino R, Gaudio G, Maggi A, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. Effects on oral fat load of a nutraceutical combination of fermented red rice, sterol esters and stanols, curcumin, and olive polyphenols: A randomized, placebo controlled trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:75-82. [PMID: 29655700 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In literature, there are several studies about the effects of nutraceutical combinations at fasting, but data in post-prandial phase are lacking. PURPOSE We planned a study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a nutraceutical agent containing fermented red rice, phytosterols and olive polyphenols compared to placebo in a sample of Caucasian patients with low cardiovascular risk, both at fasting and after an oral fat load. STUDY DESIGN Eighty patients were randomized to receive, as addition to diet and physical activity, a nutraceutical combination containing fermented red rice, sterol esters and stanols, curcumin, and olive polyphenols or placebo (control group), once a day. METHODS We evaluated at baseline, and after 3 months: body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and soluble endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1. We evaluated these parameters both at fasting, and after an oral fat load. RESULTS Nutraceutical combination gave a reduction of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, both compared to baseline (p < 0.05 for all), and to placebo (p < 0.05 for all). We recorded a reduction of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and sE-selectin in the group treated with nutraceutical combination, both compared to baseline (p < 0.05 for all), and to placebo (p < 0.05 for all). Parameters recorded during oral fat load improved compared to the oral fat load performed at baseline with the nutraceutical combination. CONCLUSIONS The nutraceutical combination of fermented red rice, sterol esters and stanols, curcumin, and olive polyphenols seems to be effective in improving lipid profile and markers of endothelial damage in dyslipidemic patients in primary prevention at low risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The true novelty of this study, however, is the improvement of endothelial damage after an oral fat load compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Riccardo Raddino
- Cardiology Department, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gaudio
- Internal Medicine Division, Ospedale Angelo Bellini, Somma Lombardo, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Maggi
- Cardiology Department, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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50
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Gagnadoux F, Priou P, Urban T, Meslier N, Trzepizur W. [Sleep apneas, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk: Data from the Pays de la Loire sleep cohort]. REVUE DE PNEUMOLOGIE CLINIQUE 2017; 73:299-305. [PMID: 29122399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a prevalent disease characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of upper airway during sleep. Untreated moderate to severe OSAHS is recognized as a cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. Data from the Pays de la Loire sleep cohort and other clinic- or population-based cohorts demonstrate a strong association between OSAHS and the different components of the metabolic syndrome including systemic hypertension, diabetes and impaired lipid metabolism. Beside sleep-disordered breathing severity, these factors contribute to increase the risk of CV events in OSAHS patients. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy of OSAHS is associated with a modest but clinically significant blood pressure reduction. Conversely, there is no clear evidence in support of a metabolic impact of CPAP in OSAHS patients. Considering the multifactorial pathophysiology of CV risk in OSAHS patients and the beneficial impact of various lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions on blood pressure and metabolic dysfunction, combined modality therapy is a promising strategy to improve CV outcomes in individuals with OSAHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gagnadoux
- Inserm UMR 1063, université Bretagne Loire, 49100 Angers, France; Département de pneumologie, CHU d'Angers, 49100 Angers, France.
| | - P Priou
- Inserm UMR 1063, université Bretagne Loire, 49100 Angers, France; Département de pneumologie, CHU d'Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - T Urban
- Inserm UMR 1063, université Bretagne Loire, 49100 Angers, France; Département de pneumologie, CHU d'Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - N Meslier
- Inserm UMR 1063, université Bretagne Loire, 49100 Angers, France; Département de pneumologie, CHU d'Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - W Trzepizur
- Inserm UMR 1063, université Bretagne Loire, 49100 Angers, France; Département de pneumologie, CHU d'Angers, 49100 Angers, France
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