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Knez E, Kadac-Czapska K, Grembecka M. The importance of food quality, gut motility, and microbiome in SIBO development and treatment. Nutrition 2024; 124:112464. [PMID: 38657418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is rising worldwide, particularly in nations with high rates of urbanization. Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel illnesses, and nonspecific dysmotility are strongly linked to SIBO. Moreover, repeated antibiotic therapy promotes microorganisms' overgrowth through the development of antibiotic resistance. The primary cause of excessive fermentation in the small intestine is a malfunctioning gastrointestinal motor complex, which results in the gut's longer retention of food residues. There are anatomical and physiological factors affecting the functioning of the myoelectric motor complex. Except for them, diet conditions the activity of gastrointestinal transit. Indisputably, the Western type of nutrition is unfavorable. Some food components have greater importance in the functioning of the gastrointestinal motor complex than others. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid and precursor of the serotonin hormone, accelerates intestinal transit, and gastric emptying, similarly to fiber and polyphenols. Additionally, the effect of food on the microbiome is important, and diet should prevent bacterial overgrowth and exhibit antimicrobial effects against pathogens. Therefore, knowledge about proper nutrition is essential to prevent the development and recurrence of SIBO. Since the scientific world was unsure whether there was a long-term or potential solution for SIBO until quite recently, research on a number of the topics included in the article should be performed. The article aimed to summarize current knowledge about proper nutrition after SIBO eradication and the prevention of recurrent bacterial overgrowth. Moreover, a connection was found between diet, gut dysmotility, and SIBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Knez
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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2
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Srivastava P, Shukla A, Singh R, Kant R, Mishra N, Behera SP, Dwivedi GR, Yadav DK. Orientia tsutsugamushi: An Unusual Intracellular Bacteria-Adaptation Strategies, Available Antibiotics, and Alternatives for Treatment. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:236. [PMID: 38907107 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
During evolution Orientia tsutsugamushi became a smarter obligate bacterium to establish as intracellular pathogens. O. tsutsugamushi is a human pathogenic bacterium responsible for 1 billion infections of scrub typhus. Several novel mechanisms make this bacterium unique (cell wall, genetic constitutions, secretion system, etc.). In 2007, O. tsutsugamushi Boryong was pioneer strain for whole-genome sequencing. But the fundamental biology of this bacterial cell is a mystery till date. The unusual biology makes this organism as model for host cell interaction. Only a few antibiotics are effective against this intracellular pathogen but emergence of less susceptibility toward antibiotics make the situation alarming. The review was captivated to highlight the unusual aspects of adaptation, antibiotics, and drugs beyond antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashansha Srivastava
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur, 273013, India
| | - Aishwarya Shukla
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur, 273013, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur, 273013, India
| | - Rajni Kant
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur, 273013, India
| | - Nalini Mishra
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur, 273013, India
| | - Sthita P Behera
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur, 273013, India
| | - Gaurav R Dwivedi
- ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, BRD Medical College Campus, Gorakhpur, 273013, India.
| | - Dharmendra K Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 21924, Korea
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3
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Nazareth TDM, Soriano Pérez E, Luz C, Meca G, Quiles JM. Comprehensive Review of Aflatoxin and Ochratoxin A Dynamics: Emergence, Toxicological Impact, and Advanced Control Strategies. Foods 2024; 13:1920. [PMID: 38928866 PMCID: PMC11203094 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi exhibit remarkable adaptability to diverse substrates and can synthesize a plethora of secondary metabolites. These metabolites, produced in response to environmental stimuli, not only confer selective advantages but also encompass potentially deleterious mycotoxins. Mycotoxins, exemplified by those originating from Alternaria, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species, represent challenging hazards to both human and animal health, thus warranting stringent regulatory control. Despite regulatory frameworks, mycotoxin contamination remains a pressing global challenge, particularly within cereal-based matrices and their derived by-products, integral components of animal diets. Strategies aimed at mitigating mycotoxin contamination encompass multifaceted approaches, including biological control modalities, detoxification procedures, and innovative interventions like essential oils. However, hurdles persist, underscoring the imperative for innovative interventions. This review elucidated the prevalence, health ramifications, regulatory paradigms, and evolving preventive strategies about two prominent mycotoxins, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Furthermore, it explored the emergence of new fungal species, and biocontrol methods using lactic acid bacteria and essential mustard oil, emphasizing their efficacy in mitigating fungal spoilage and mycotoxin production. Through an integrative examination of these facets, this review endeavored to furnish a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted challenges posed by mycotoxin contamination and the emergent strategies poised to ameliorate its impact on food and feed safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago de Melo Nazareth
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (E.S.P.); (C.L.); (G.M.); (J.M.Q.)
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4
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Patra S, Biswas P, Karmakar S, Biswas K. Repression of resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: implications of the combination of antibiotics and phytoconstituents. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:294. [PMID: 38850339 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a prevalent problem witnessed globally and creating an alarming situation for the treatment of infections caused by resistant pathogens. Available armaments such as antibiotics often fail to exhibit the intended action against resistant pathogens, leading to failure in the treatments that are causing mortality. New antibiotics or a new treatment approach is necessary to combat this situation. P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic drug resistant pathogen and is the sixth most common cause of nosocomial infections. P. aeruginosa due to its genome organization and other factors are exhibiting resistance against drugs. Bacterial biofilm formation, low permeability of outer membrane, the production of the beta-lactamase, and the production of several efflux systems limits the antibacterial potential of several classes of antibiotics. Combination of phytoconstituents with antibiotics is a promising strategy to combat multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa. Phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, polypeptides, phenolics, and essential oils are well known antibacterial agents. In this review, the activity of combination of the phytoconstituents and antibiotics, and their corresponding mechanism of action was discussed elaborately. The combination of antibiotics and plant-derived compounds exhibited better efficacy compared to antibiotics alone against the antibiotic resistance P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Patra
- Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Barbaria, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Poulomi Biswas
- Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Barbaria, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- Eminent College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Barbaria, Barasat, North 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
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5
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Dallali D, Fakhfakh J, Paris C, Aoiadni N, Philippot S, Risler A, Varbanov M, Allouche N. HPLC-HESI-MS/MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds from Cynoglossum tubiflorus Leaf Extracts: An Assessment of Their Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:909. [PMID: 38592935 PMCID: PMC10974341 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic properties of three extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol) from Cynoglossum tubiflorus. The composition of the methanolic extract was elucidated using HPLC-HESI-MS/MS analysis. The antioxidant effect was examined using NO, DPPH, FRAP, and TAC assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by broth microdilution using various bacterial strains such as S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae. Structural disruptions in Gram-positive bacteria were visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxic effects were evaluated on human MRC-5 in culture according to the MTT assay. The outcomes suggest that methanol extract contained a high amount of phenolic compounds (254.35 ± 0.360 mg GAE/g DE and 211.59 ± 0.939 mg QE/g DE). By applying the HPLC-HESI-MS/MS analysis, 32 compounds were identified, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and fatty acids. This extract showed strong antioxidant (IC50 = 0.043 ± 0.001 mg/mL) and antimicrobial (MIC = 156 µg/mL) activities. The SEM suggests that cells exhibited membrane distortions characterized by surface depressions and alterations in bacterial shape, including dents, when compared to untreated cells. The in vitro cytotoxicity effect on human MRC-5 cells showed no toxicity effects at a concentration of 600 µg/mL. In silico analysis predicted low toxicity for all tested compounds across four different administration routes. This research indicates that this plant could be explored as a powerful source of natural drugs to target pathogens, with applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhouha Dallali
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax P.O. Box 1171, Tunisia; (D.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Jawhar Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax P.O. Box 1171, Tunisia; (D.D.); (J.F.)
| | - Cédric Paris
- Université de Lorraine, LIBio, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Nissaf Aoiadni
- Laboratory of Animal Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, Sfax P.O. Box 1171, Tunisia;
| | - Stéphanie Philippot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.P.); (A.R.); (M.V.)
| | - Arnaud Risler
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.P.); (A.R.); (M.V.)
| | - Mihayl Varbanov
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France; (S.P.); (A.R.); (M.V.)
- Laboratoire de Virologie, CHRU de Nancy Brabois, F-54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Noureddine Allouche
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry LR17ES08, Natural Substances Team, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax P.O. Box 1171, Tunisia; (D.D.); (J.F.)
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Kim H, Kim M, Jang Y. Inhaled Volatile Molecules-Responsive TRP Channels as Non-Olfactory Receptors. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:192-204. [PMID: 37551139 PMCID: PMC10902705 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Generally, odorant molecules are detected by olfactory receptors, which are specialized chemoreceptors expressed in olfactory neurons. Besides odorant molecules, certain volatile molecules can be inhaled through the respiratory tract, often leading to pathophysiological changes in the body. These inhaled molecules mediate cellular signaling through the activation of the Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in peripheral tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TRP channels that are involved in the detection and response to volatile molecules, including hazardous substances, anesthetics, plant-derived compounds, and pheromones. The review aims to shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying the sensing of inhaled volatile molecules. Therefore, this review will contribute to a better understanding of the roles of TRP channels in the response to inhaled molecules, providing insights into their implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsup Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
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Abd El-Ghany WA. Potential Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) on the Performance, Immunity, Gut Health, Anti-Oxidant Status, Blood Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Poultry: An Updated Comprehensive Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:498. [PMID: 38338142 PMCID: PMC10854602 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics as growth promoters or for the prevention of some poultry diseases has faced global concern and serious criticism. Their addition to poultry feed has shown hazardous effects, including the development of antimicrobial resistance and a potentially harmful effect on human health. To eliminate these threats, there is increasing interest in natural alternatives. Plant derivatives such as garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its derivatives are presently extensively used in the poultry production system. The dietary supplementation of broilers and layers with garlic induced improvement in the production parameters, carcass quality, and intestinal integrity. The modulation of the immune response against some important viral diseases has resulted from the supplementation of poultry with garlic. Moreover, garlic has been shown to modulate gut health through antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. Treatment with garlic can also mitigate oxidative stress and reduce free-radical production. The reduction of cholesterol levels and improvement of some liver and blood parameters were also reported following the dietary inoculation of garlic. This review was designed to investigate the influence of garlic as a dietary additive on the performance, immunity, gut health, anti-oxidant status, blood parameters, and intestinal microbiota of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Nesterovich VM, Belykh DA, Gorokhovets NV, Kurbatov LK, Zamyatnin AA, Ikryannikova LN. Secondary metabolites of plants and their possible role in the "age of superbugs". BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:371-382. [PMID: 38153052 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236906371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections are a serious cause of high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past decades, the drug resistance of bacterial pathogens has been steadily increasing, while the rate of development of new effective antibacterial drugs remains consistently low. The plant kingdom is sometimes called a bottomless well for the search for new antimicrobial therapies. This is due to the fact that plants are easily accessible and cheap to process, while extracts and components of plant origin often demonstrate a high level of biological activity with minor side effects. The variety of compounds obtained from plant raw materials can provide a wide choice of various chemical structures for interaction with various targets inside bacterial cells, while the rapid development of modern biotechnological tools opens the way to the targeted production of bioactive components with desired properties. The objective of this review is to answer the question, whether antimicrobials of plant origin have a chance to play the role of a panacea in the fight against infectious diseases in the "post-antibiotic era".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Ashraf MV, Pant S, Khan MAH, Shah AA, Siddiqui S, Jeridi M, Alhamdi HWS, Ahmad S. Phytochemicals as Antimicrobials: Prospecting Himalayan Medicinal Plants as Source of Alternate Medicine to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:881. [PMID: 37375828 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all available antimicrobials, antibiotics hold a prime position in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has posed a serious threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and escalation in healthcare costs causing a global health crisis. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in global healthcare setups have accelerated the development and spread of AMR, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which further limits treatment options. This creates a critical need to explore alternative approaches to combat bacterial infections. Phytochemicals have gained attention as a potential source of alternative medicine to address the challenge of AMR. Phytochemicals are structurally and functionally diverse and have multitarget antimicrobial effects, disrupting essential cellular activities. Given the promising results of plant-based antimicrobials, coupled with the slow discovery of novel antibiotics, it has become highly imperative to explore the vast repository of phytocompounds to overcome the looming catastrophe of AMR. This review summarizes the emergence of AMR towards existing antibiotics and potent phytochemicals having antimicrobial activities, along with a comprehensive overview of 123 Himalayan medicinal plants reported to possess antimicrobial phytocompounds, thus compiling the existing information that will help researchers in the exploration of phytochemicals to combat AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Vikas Ashraf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - Shreekar Pant
- Centre for Biodiversity Studies, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - M A Hannan Khan
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - Ali Asghar Shah
- Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
| | - Sazada Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mouna Jeridi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shoeb Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185 234, India
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Jadimurthy R, Jagadish S, Nayak SC, Kumar S, Mohan CD, Rangappa KS. Phytochemicals as Invaluable Sources of Potent Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Antibiotic Resistance. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040948. [PMID: 37109477 PMCID: PMC10145550 DOI: 10.3390/life13040948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have been used for therapeutic purposes against various human ailments for several centuries. Plant-derived natural compounds have been implemented in clinics against microbial diseases. Unfortunately, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has significantly reduced the efficacy of existing standard antimicrobials. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared antimicrobial resistance as one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to discover new antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant pathogens. In the present article, we have discussed the importance of plant metabolites in the context of their medicinal applications and elaborated on their mechanism of antimicrobial action against human pathogens. The WHO has categorized some drug-resistant bacteria and fungi as critical and high priority based on the need to develope new drugs, and we have considered the plant metabolites that target these bacteria and fungi. We have also emphasized the role of phytochemicals that target deadly viruses such as COVID-19, Ebola, and dengue. Additionally, we have also elaborated on the synergetic effect of plant-derived compounds with standard antimicrobials against clinically important microbes. Overall, this article provides an overview of the importance of considering phytogenous compounds in the development of antimicrobial compounds as therapeutic agents against drug-resistant microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragi Jadimurthy
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Swamy Jagadish
- Department of Studies in Molecular Biology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Siddaiah Chandra Nayak
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Sumana Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore 570015, India
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Jena B, Biswal B, Sarangi A, Giri AK, Bhattacharya D, Acharya L. GC/MS Profiling and Evaluation of Leaf Essential Oil for Bactericidal Effect and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng Collected from Odisha, India. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200691. [PMID: 36692091 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng, known as the Indian borage or Mexican mint, is one of the most documented species in the family Lamiaceae for its therapeutic and pharmaceutical values. It is found in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The leaf essential oil has immense medicinal benefits like treating illnesses of the skin and disorders like colds, asthma, constipation, headaches, coughs, and fevers. After analyzing earlier reports with regard to the quantity and quality of leaf oil yield, we discovered that the germplasm taken from Odisha is preferable to other germplasms. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity and bactericidal effect of leaf essential oil (EO) of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng collected from the state of Odisha, India. The hydro distillation technique has been used for essential oil extraction. Upon GC/MS analysis, approximately 57 compounds were identified with Carvacrol as the major compound (peak area=20.25 %), followed by p-thymol (peak area=20.17 %), o-cymene (peak area=19.41 %) and carene (peak area=15.89 %). On evaluation of free radical scavenging activity, it was recorded that the best value of inhibitory concentration, was for DPPH with IC50 =18.64 ppm and for H2 O2 with IC50 =9.35 ppm. The EO showed efficient bactericidal effect against both gram positive (Mycobacterium smegmatis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium) and gram negative (Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria studied through well diffusion method. Fumigatory action of the essential oil was found against M. smegmatis, the model organism for tuberculosis study. Alamar Blue assay, gave a result with MIC value for M. smegmatis i. e., 0.12 μg/ml and the MBC value of 0.12 μg/ml. Hence, P. amboinicus found in Odisha can be suggested as an elite variety and should be further investigated for efficient administration in drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Jena
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Center for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bhagyashree Biswal
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Center for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ashirbad Sarangi
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Center for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Alok Kumar Giri
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Center for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debapriya Bhattacharya
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Center for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Laxmikanta Acharya
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Lab, Center for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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12
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Shoaib S, Ansari MA, Ghazwani M, Hani U, Jamous YF, Alali Z, Wahab S, Ahmad W, Weir SA, Alomary MN, Yusuf N, Islam N. Prospective Epigenetic Actions of Organo-Sulfur Compounds against Cancer: Perspectives and Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030697. [PMID: 36765652 PMCID: PMC9913804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major epigenetic alterations, such as chromatin modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA regulation, have gained greater attention and play significant roles in oncogenesis, representing a new paradigm in our understanding of cancer susceptibility. These epigenetic changes, particularly aberrant promoter hypermethylation, abnormal histone acetylation, and miRNA dysregulation, represent a set of epigenetic patterns that contribute to inappropriate gene silencing at every stage of cancer progression. Notably, the cancer epigenome possesses various HDACs and DNMTs, which participate in the histone modifications and DNA methylation. As a result, there is an unmet need for developing the epigenetic inhibitors against HDACs and DNMTs for cancer therapy. To date, several epigenetically active synthetic inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases have been developed. However, a growing body of research reports that most of these synthetic inhibitors have significant side effects and a narrow window of specificity for cancer cells. Targeting tumor epigenetics with phytocompounds that have the capacity to modulate abnormal DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNAs expression is one of the evolving strategies for cancer prevention. Encouragingly, there are many bioactive phytochemicals, including organo-sulfur compounds that have been shown to alter the expression of key tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and oncogenic miRNAs through modulation of DNA methylation and histones in cancer. In addition to vitamins and microelements, dietary phytochemicals such as sulforaphane, PEITC, BITC, DADS, and allicin are among a growing list of naturally occurring anticancer agents that have been studied as an alternative strategy for cancer treatment and prevention. Moreover, these bioactive organo-sulfur compounds, either alone or in combination with other standard cancer drugs or phytochemicals, showed promising results against many cancers. Here, we particularly summarize and focus on the impact of specific organo-sulfur compounds on DNA methylation and histone modifications through targeting the expression of different DNMTs and HDACs that are of particular interest in cancer therapy and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya F. Jamous
- Vaccine and Bioprocessing Center, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahraa Alali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sydney A. Weir
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (N.I.)
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (N.I.)
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13
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Qiu ZE, Chen L, Hou XC, Sheng J, Xu JB, Xu JW, Gao DD, Huang ZX, Lei TL, Huang ZY, Peng L, Yang HL, Lin QH, Zhu YX, Guan WJ, Lun ZR, Zhou WL, Zhang YL. Toxoplasma gondii infection triggers ongoing inflammation mediated by increased intracellular Cl - concentration in airway epithelium. J Infect 2023; 86:47-59. [PMID: 36334726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread parasitic protozoan causing toxoplasmosis including pulmonary toxoplasmosis. As the first line of host defense, airway epithelial cells play critical roles in orchestrating pulmonary innate immunity. However, the mechanism underlying the airway inflammation induced by the T. gondii infection remains largely unclear. This study demonstrated that after infection with T. gondii, the major anion channel located in the apical membranes of airway epithelial cells, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), was degraded by the parasite-secreted cysteine proteases. The intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) was consequently elevated, leading to activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1. Furthermore, the heightened [Cl-]i and activated NF-κB signaling could be sustained in a positive feedback regulatory manner resulting from decreased intracellular cAMP level through NF-κB-mediated up-regulation of phosphodiesterase 4. Conversely, the sulfur-containing compound allicin conferred anti-inflammatory effects on pulmonary toxoplasmosis by decreasing [Cl-]i via activation of CFTR. These results suggest that the intracellular Cl- dynamically modulated by T. gondii mediates sustained airway inflammation, which provides a potential therapeutic target against pulmonary toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Er Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jie Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Xin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Lun Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Lei Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China.
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14
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Vitale RM, Iannotti FA, Florio T. Editorial: "Small molecules targeting transmembrane receptors and ion channels in drug discovery". Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1183713. [PMID: 37200869 PMCID: PMC10185887 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1183713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-National Research Council (ICB-CNR) of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rosa Maria Vitale,
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry-National Research Council (ICB-CNR) of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Tullio Florio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
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15
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Sánchez-Gloria JL, Rada KM, Juárez-Rojas JG, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Rubio-Gayosso I, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Osorio-Alonso H. Role of Sulfur Compounds in Garlic as Potential Therapeutic Option for Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415599. [PMID: 36555240 PMCID: PMC9779154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease in the airways with a multifactorial origin but with inflammation and oxidative stress as related pathogenic mechanisms. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a nutraceutical with different biological properties due to sulfur-containing natural compounds. Studies have shown that several compounds in garlic may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases, including those related to the lungs. Therefore, it is possible to take advantage of the compounds from garlic as nutraceuticals for treating lung diseases. The objective of this article is to review the biological properties of the sulfur compounds present in garlic for the treatment of asthma, as well as the cellular mechanisms involved. Here, we discuss the potential therapeutic effects of garlic compounds in the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as its antibiotic and antiviral activities for identifying and testing potential treatment options for asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Sánchez-Gloria
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Karla M. Rada
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan G. Juárez-Rojas
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura G. Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ivan Rubio-Gayosso
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: or
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16
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Elmaidomy AH, Shady NH, Abdeljawad KM, Elzamkan MB, Helmy HH, Tarshan EA, Adly AN, Hussien YH, Sayed NG, Zayed A, Abdelmohsen UR. Antimicrobial potentials of natural products against multidrug resistance pathogens: a comprehensive review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29078-29102. [PMID: 36320761 PMCID: PMC9558262 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04884a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the critical issues, describing a significant social health complication globally. Hence, the discovery of novel antibiotics has acquired an increased attention particularly against drug-resistant pathogens. Natural products have served as potent therapeutics against pathogenic bacteria since the glorious age of antibiotics of the mid 20th century. This review outlines the various mechanistic candidates for dealing with multi-drug resistant pathogens and explores the terrestrial phytochemicals isolated from plants, lichens, insects, animals, fungi, bacteria, mushrooms, and minerals with reported antimicrobial activity, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics. Moreover, newly established tools are presented, including prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, bacteriophages, nanoparticles, and bacteriocins, supporting the progress of effective antibiotics to address the emergence of antibiotic-resistant infectious bacteria. Therefore, the current article may uncover promising drug candidates that can be used in drug discovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62511 Egypt
| | - Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | | | | | - Hussein Hykel Helmy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Emad Ashour Tarshan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Abanoub Nabil Adly
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | | | - Nesma Gamal Sayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Zayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elguish Street (Medical Campus) Tanta 31527 Egypt
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Kaiserslautern Gottlieb-Daimler-Str. 49 Kaiserslautern 67663 Germany
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone New Minia 61111 Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
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17
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Bhattacharya S, Sen D, Bhattacharjee C. Inhibition Mechanism Study for Diallyl Thiosulfinate (Allicin) Against Crucial Bacterial Proteins Through in silico Molecular Docking Simulation. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Mengers HG, Schier C, Zimmermann M, C. H. Gruhlke M, Block E, Blank LM, Slusarenko AJ. Seeing the smell of garlic: Detection of gas phase volatiles from crushed garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa), ramsons (Allium ursinum) and human garlic breath using SESI-Orbitrap MS. Food Chem 2022; 397:133804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Suganya T, Packiavathy IASV, Aseervatham GSB, Carmona A, Rashmi V, Mariappan S, Devi NR, Ananth DA. Tackling Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria With Conventional and Complex Phytochemicals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:883839. [PMID: 35846771 PMCID: PMC9280687 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.883839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria endorses the failure of existing drugs with chronic illness, complicated treatment, and ever-increasing expenditures. Bacteria acquire the nature to adapt to starving conditions, abiotic stress, antibiotics, and our immune defense mechanism due to its swift evolution. The intense and inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria. Phytochemicals can be used as an alternative for complementing antibiotics due to their variation in metabolic, genetic, and physiological fronts as well as the rapid evolution of resistant microbes and lack of tactile management. Several phytochemicals from diverse groups, including alkaloids, phenols, coumarins, and terpenes, have effectively proved their inhibitory potential against MDR pathogens through their counter-action towards bacterial membrane proteins, efflux pumps, biofilms, and bacterial cell-to-cell communications, which are important factors in promoting the emergence of drug resistance. Plant extracts consist of a complex assortment of phytochemical elements, against which the development of bacterial resistance is quite deliberate. This review emphasizes the antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria, the reversal mechanism of antibiotic resistance by phytochemicals, the bioactive potential of phytochemicals against MDR, and the scientific evidence on molecular, biochemical, and clinical aspects to treat bacterial pathogenesis in humans. Moreover, clinical efficacy, trial, safety, toxicity, and affordability investigations, current status and developments, related demands, and future prospects are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaiyan Suganya
- Department of Microbiology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | | | - G. Smilin Bell Aseervatham
- Post Graduate Research Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Areanna Carmona
- Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Science Center of El Paso, Texas, TX, United States
| | - Vijayaragavan Rashmi
- National Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria (NRMC)- Marine, National Facility for Marine Cyanobacteria, (Sponsored by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India), Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | | | - Devanesan Arul Ananth
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
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20
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Analysis of Microbiological and Clinical Characteristics of Bacterial Infection in Patients with Pulmonary Infection. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:5607358. [PMID: 35755768 PMCID: PMC9225854 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5607358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Using data investigation, the microbiology of bacterial infection in patients with pulmonary infection was discussed, and its clinical characteristics were analyzed. Methods The clinical data of 160 patients with pulmonary infection in our hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 were collected and analyzed. Blood samples were collected and cultured, and the pathogens were identified. The distribution, constituent ratio, and drug resistance of pathogens in elderly patients with pulmonary infection were analyzed. Logistics regression analysis was adopted to analyze the risk factors of pulmonary infection. Results Of the 160 patients with pulmonary infection, 107 were males (66.88%) and 53 were females (33.13%). The age ranged from 12 to 97 years old, with an average of 63.82 ± 12.64 years old. Sevent-six patients (47.50%) were over 65 years old. Urban patients accounted for 71.88%, and rural patients accounted for 28.13%, of which workers accounted for 46.25%, and farmers and cadres each accounted for about 4%. 85.62% of smokers have smoked for more than 4 years. Eighty-five patients had chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cerebrovascular disease. Heart failure occurred in 10.00%, old tuberculosis in 11.25%, and new tuberculosis in 5.63%. The average hospital stay of the patients was 14.93 days, and the improvement rate was 91.25%. Eleven patients died. Among the 160 patients with pulmonary infection, COPD, pneumonia, and lung cancer accounted for the highest proportions, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, bronchitis dilatation, tuberculosis, and bronchial asthma also played an important role. Pathogenic bacteria were detected in 104 of the 160 elderly patients with pulmonary infection, and the detection rate was 65.00%. A total of 444 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, including 328 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (73.87%, mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Serratia marcescens), 28 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (6.30%, mainly Staphylococcus aureus), and 88 strains of fungi (20.00%, mainly Candida albicans). Regarding Klebsiella pneumoniae in elderly patients with pulmonary infection, the drug resistance rates were 59.72% for amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium, 52.78% for ampicillin sodium-sulbactam sodium, and 51.39% for cefazolin sodium. Regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the drug resistance rates were 29.31% for ticarcillin sodium-potassium clavulanate, 27.59% for piperacillin sodium, and 24.14% for gentamicin. Regarding Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, the drug resistance rates were 79.55% for ceftazidime, 38.64% for chloramphenicol, and 31.82% for levofloxacin. Regarding Serratia marcescens, the drug resistance rates from high to low were 74.42% for cefotaxime, 72.09% for moxifloxacin, and 69.77% for gentamicin. Regarding Staphylococcus aureus in elderly patients with pulmonary infection, the drug resistance rates were 100.00% for penicillin, 61.54% for erythromycin, 61.54% for clarithromycin, and 61.54% for azithromycin. Regarding Candida albicans, the drug resistance rates from high to low were 22.41% for caspofungin, 15.52% for itraconazole, and 9.09% for fluconazole. The results of univariate analysis of pulmonary bacterial infection indicated that there were no significant differences in sex and body mass index between nonbacterial infection group and bacterial infection group (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in terms of dust or harmful gas exposure, family member smoking, chronic lung disease history, age, smoking, family cooking, hospital stay, and indwelling catheter (P < 0.05). Exposure to dust or harmful gases, family cooking, age, history of chronic lung disease, indwelling catheter, and length of hospital stay were risk factors for pulmonary bacterial infection (P < 0.05). Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the main pathogens in elderly patients with pulmonary infection. Antibiotics should be administered reasonably according to the results of the drug sensitivity test. Older age, history of chronic lung disease, catheter indwelling, and length of stay are the risk factors for pulmonary bacterial infection.
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21
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Qiu ZE, Xu JB, Chen L, Huang ZX, Lei TL, Huang ZY, Hou XC, Yang HL, Lin QH, Zhu YX, Zhao L, Zhou WL, Zhang YL. Allicin Facilitates Airway Surface Liquid Hydration by Activation of CFTR. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:890284. [PMID: 35784719 PMCID: PMC9241074 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.890284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelium plays critical roles in regulating airway surface liquid (ASL), the alteration of which causes mucus stasis symptoms. Allicin is a compound released from garlic and harbors the capacity of lung-protection. However, the potential regulatory effects of allicin on airway epithelium remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effects of allicin on ion transport across airway epithelium and evaluate its potential as an expectorant. Application of allicin induced Cl− secretion across airway epithelium in a concentration-dependent manner. Blockade of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) or inhibition of adenylate cyclase-cAMP signaling pathway attenuated allicin-induced Cl− secretion in airway epithelial cells. The in vivo study showed that inhaled allicin significantly increased the ASL secretion in mice. These results suggest that allicin induces Cl− and fluid secretion across airway epithelium via activation of CFTR, which might provide therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic pulmonary diseases associated with ASL dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Er Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Xin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Lun Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Yang Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Long Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Hua Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhao, ; Wen-Liang Zhou, ; Yi-Lin Zhang,
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhao, ; Wen-Liang Zhou, ; Yi-Lin Zhang,
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhao, ; Wen-Liang Zhou, ; Yi-Lin Zhang,
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22
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Schier C, Foerster (née Reiter) J, Heupel M, Dörner P, Klaas M, Schröder W, Rink L, Slusarenko AJ, Gruhlke MCH. Allicin as a Volatile or Nebulisable Antimycotic for the Treatment of Pulmonary Mycoses: In Vitro Studies Using a Lung Flow Test Rig. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126607. [PMID: 35743050 PMCID: PMC9224539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections of the lung are an increasing problem worldwide and the search for novel therapeutic agents is a current challenge due to emerging resistance to current antimycotics. The volatile defence substance allicin is formed naturally by freshly injured garlic plants and exhibits broad antimicrobial potency. Chemically synthesised allicin was active against selected fungi upon direct contact and via the gas phase at comparable concentrations to the pharmaceutically used antimycotic amphotericin B. We investigated the suppression of fungal growth by allicin vapour and aerosols in vitro in a test rig at air flow conditions mimicking the human lung. The effect of allicin via the gas phase was enhanced by ethanol. Our results suggest that allicin is a potential candidate for development for use in antifungal therapy for lung and upper respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schier
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.J.S.); (M.C.H.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Monika Heupel
- Landwirtschaftskammer Rheinland, 50765 Köln-Auweiler, Germany;
| | - Philipp Dörner
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (P.D.); (M.K.); (W.S.)
| | - Michael Klaas
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (P.D.); (M.K.); (W.S.)
| | - Wolfgang Schröder
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany; (P.D.); (M.K.); (W.S.)
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Alan J. Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.J.S.); (M.C.H.G.)
- GENAWIF e.V.—Society for Natural Compound and Active Ingredient Research, 52070 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Martin C. H. Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.J.S.); (M.C.H.G.)
- GENAWIF e.V.—Society for Natural Compound and Active Ingredient Research, 52070 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Applied Microbiology—iAMB, Aachener Biology and Biotechnology—ABBt, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Wang F, Luo J, Fang S, Huang W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Cheng X, Du W, Fang F, Cao J, Wu Y. Mechanisms of allicin exposure for the sludge fermentation enhancement: Focusing on the fermentation processes and microbial metabolic traits. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 115:253-264. [PMID: 34969453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a frequently used product with antimicrobial activity, consumed allicin might be discharged and concentrated in waste-activated sludge (WAS). However, the influence of allicin (as an exogenous pollutant) on WAS fermentation has not been clearly revealed. This study aimed to disclose the impacts of allicin on volatile fatty acid (VFA) generation during WAS fermentation. The results showed that the appropriate presence of allicin (10 mg/g TSS) significantly enhanced the VFA yield (1894 versus 575 mg COD/L in the control) with increased acetate proportion (24.3%). Further exploration found that allicin promoted WAS solubilization, hydrolysis and acidification simultaneously. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the key genes involved in extracellular hydrolysis metabolism (i.e., CAZymes), membrane transport (i.e., gtsA and ytfT), substrate metabolism (i.e., yhdR and pfkC) and fatty acid synthesis (i.e., accA and accD) were all highly expressed. Allicin also induced the bacteria to produce more signalling molecules and regulate cellular functions, thereby enhancing the microbial adaptive and regulatory capacity to the unfavourable environment. Moreover, the variations in fermentative microbes and their contributions to the upregulation of functional genes (i.e., ytfR, gltL, INV, iolD and pflD) for VFA generation were disclosed. Overall, the simultaneous stimulation of functional microbial abundances and metabolic activities contributed to VFA production in allicin-conditioned reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Shiyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yunqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiaoshi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Progress in Alternative Strategies to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: Focus on Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020200. [PMID: 35203804 PMCID: PMC8868457 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance, and, in a broader perspective, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), continues to evolve and spread beyond all boundaries. As a result, infectious diseases have become more challenging or even impossible to treat, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. Despite the failure of conventional, traditional antimicrobial therapy, in the past two decades, no novel class of antibiotics has been introduced. Consequently, several novel alternative strategies to combat these (multi-) drug-resistant infectious microorganisms have been identified. The purpose of this review is to gather and consider the strategies that are being applied or proposed as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. These strategies include combination therapy, techniques that target the enzymes or proteins responsible for antimicrobial resistance, resistant bacteria, drug delivery systems, physicochemical methods, and unconventional techniques, including the CRISPR-Cas system. These alternative strategies may have the potential to change the treatment of multi-drug-resistant pathogens in human clinical settings.
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25
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Panyod S, Wu WK, Chen PC, Chong KV, Yang YT, Chuang HL, Chen CC, Chen RA, Liu PY, Chung CH, Huang HS, Lin AYC, Shen TCD, Yang KC, Huang TF, Hsu CC, Ho CT, Kao HL, Orekhov AN, Wu MS, Sheen LY. Atherosclerosis amelioration by allicin in raw garlic through gut microbiota and trimethylamine-N-oxide modulation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:4. [PMID: 35087050 PMCID: PMC8795425 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is strongly associated with the gut microbiota and its metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), formed from metaorganismal metabolism of ʟ-carnitine. Raw garlic juice, with allicin as its primary compound, exhibits considerable effects on the gut microbiota. This study validated the benefits of raw garlic juice against CVD risk via modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Allicin supplementation significantly decreased serum TMAO in ʟ-carnitine-fed C57BL/6 J mice, reduced aortic lesions, and altered the fecal microbiota in carnitine-induced, atherosclerosis-prone, apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. In human subjects exhibiting high-TMAO production, raw garlic juice intake for a week reduced TMAO formation, improved gut microbial diversity, and increased the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria. In in vitro and ex vivo studies, raw garlic juice and allicin inhibited γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) and trimethylamine production by the gut microbiota. Thus, raw garlic juice and allicin can potentially prevent cardiovascular disease by decreasing TMAO production via gut microbiota modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kent-Vui Chong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Yang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chang Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hu Chung
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Angela Yu-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tur-Fu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hsien-Li Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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26
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The Identification of Multidrug-Resistant Microorganisms including Bergeyella zoohelcum Acquired from the Skin/Prosthetic Interface of Amputees and Their Susceptibility to Medihoney™ and Garlic Extract (Allicin). Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020299. [PMID: 35208754 PMCID: PMC8874569 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Users of prosthetic devices face the accumulation of potentially drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria on the skin/prosthesis interface. In this study, we took surface swabs of the skin/prosthesis interface of eleven disabled athletes to identify microorganisms present. In addition to determining their antimicrobial resistance profile, we assessed their sensitivity to Manuka honey and Garlic extract (allicin). Eleven volunteers were directed to swab the skin at the skin/prosthesis interface. After initial isolation of microorganisms, we employed the following general microbiological methods: Gram stain, Catalase test, Oxidase test, lactose fermenting capability, haemolytic capability, Staphaurex, mannitol fermenting capability, Streptex; API Staph, 20E, Candida, and BBL crystal identification system tests. Once identified, isolates were analysed for their sensitivity to penicillin, erythromycin, ampicillin, vancomycin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and colistin-sulphate. Isolates were also analysed for their sensitivity to allicin (Garlic Extract (GE)) and Manuka honey (Medihoney™) (MH). Eleven isolates were identified: Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Micrococcus spp., Bacillus subtilis, Group D Streptococcus, Pantoea spp., Enterobacter cloacae, and Bergeyella zoohelcum. All isolates were resistant to 1 unit of penicillin and 10 μg of ampicillin. Bergeyella zoohelcum was observed to have the widest range of resistance with observed resistance against five of the eight antimicrobials employed in this study. This study highlights the prevalence of uncommon drug-resistant microorganisms on the skin within a vulnerable population, highlighting the potential for MH or GE intervention.
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27
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Gam DH, Park JH, Kim JH, Beak DH, Kim JW. Effects of Allium sativum Stem Extract on Growth and Migration in Melanoma Cells through Inhibition of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 Genes Expression. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 27:molecules27010021. [PMID: 35011253 PMCID: PMC8746369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of Allium sativum stem extract (ASE) on B16-F0 cell growth and metastasis. Evaluation of the effects of ASE on B16-F0 cells’ viability and migration showed that 0.5 mg/mL ASE inhibited B16-F0 cells’ growth by 30.2% and migration by 38.5%, which indicates that the ASE has anticancer and antimetastatic effects on B16-F0 cells. To study the anticancer and antimetastatic mechanism, mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) expressions were evaluated with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL ASE was found to exert significant inhibition on mRNA expressions of VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in B16-F0 cells. Thus, ASE reduce extracellular matrix degradation through inhibitions of expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and also showed an angiogenesis inhibitory effect through reduction of VEGF expression. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that among various polyphenols, gallic acid (2.1 mg/g) was a major compound of ASE. Overall, our results demonstrated that ASE inhibited the growth and migration of B16-F0 cells through downregulation of the VEGF, MMP-2, and MMP-9 genes expression, which indicates ASE could be applied for the prevention and treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Gam
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.); (D.-H.B.)
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.); (D.-H.B.)
| | - Jun-Hee Kim
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.); (D.-H.B.)
| | - Dong-Ho Beak
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.); (D.-H.B.)
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Food Science, Sun Moon University, Natural Science 118, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea; (D.-H.G.); (J.-H.P.); (J.-H.K.); (D.-H.B.)
- FlexPro Biotechnology, Natural Science 128, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan-si 336-708, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-530-2226
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28
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Dassanayake MK, Khoo TJ, An J. Antibiotic resistance modifying ability of phytoextracts in anthrax biological agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbugs: a review of synergistic mechanisms. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:79. [PMID: 34856999 PMCID: PMC8641154 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The chemotherapeutic management of infections has become challenging due to the global emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. The recent expansion of studies on plant-derived natural products has lead to the discovery of a plethora of phytochemicals with the potential to combat bacterial drug resistance via various mechanisms of action. This review paper summarizes the primary antibiotic resistance mechanisms of bacteria and also discusses the antibiotic-potentiating ability of phytoextracts and various classes of isolated phytochemicals in reversing antibiotic resistance in anthrax agent Bacillus anthracis and emerging superbug bacteria. Methods Growth inhibitory indices and fractional inhibitory concentration index were applied to evaluate the in vitro synergistic activity of phytoextract-antibiotic combinations in general. Findings A number of studies have indicated that plant-derived natural compounds are capable of significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration of standard antibiotics by altering drug-resistance mechanisms of B. anthracis and other superbug infection causing bacteria. Phytochemical compounds allicin, oleanolic acid, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin and Jatropha curcas extracts were exceptional synergistic potentiators of various standard antibiotics. Conclusion Considering these facts, phytochemicals represents a valuable and novel source of bioactive compounds with potent antibiotic synergism to modulate bacterial drug-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackingsley Kushan Dassanayake
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia.
| | - Teng-Jin Khoo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Jia An
- Singapore Centre for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Luo J, Zhang L, Du W, Cheng X, Fang F, Cao J, Wu Y, Su Y. Metagenomic approach reveals the fates and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance genes exposed to allicins during waste activated sludge fermentation: Insight of the microbial community, cellular status and gene regulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125998. [PMID: 34592621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work revealed the impacts of exogeneous allicins on the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) variations during waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation process. The overall abundance of ARGs was respectively reduced by 4.84 and 9.42% in presence of 0.01 and 0.05 g allicin/g TSS. Allicins disrupted the EPS structure and increased the permeability of cell membranes, which resulted in the release of ARGs for subsequent removal. Allicins also reduced intracellular ATP levels, which was disadvantageous to ARGs dissemination. Besides, allicins affected the microbial community and decreased the abundance of potential hosts based on bacterial taxa-ARGs network analysis. Moreover, the metabolic pathways and genetic expressions (i.e., two-component system, quorum sensing, and SOS response) involved in ARGs propagation were down-regulated, which caused the ARGs alleviation in allicins-stressed reactors. Overall, the simultaneous responses of cellular status, bacterial host, and genetic regulation accounted for the effective ARGs reduction induced by allicins during WAS fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiaoshi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jiashun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation on Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences. East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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30
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Mösbauer K, Fritsch VN, Adrian L, Bernhardt J, Gruhlke MCH, Slusarenko AJ, Niemeyer D, Antelmann H. The Effect of Allicin on the Proteome of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Calu-3 Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746795. [PMID: 34777295 PMCID: PMC8581659 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) is the major thiol-reactive organosulfur compound produced by garlic plants (Allium sativum) upon tissue damage. Allicin exerts its strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi via S-thioallylation of protein thiols and low molecular weight thiols. Here, we investigated the effect of allicin on SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells. Toxicity tests revealed that Calu-3 cells showed greater allicin tolerance, probably due to >4-fold higher GSH levels compared to the very sensitive Vero E6 cells. Exposure of infected Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells to biocompatible allicin doses led to a ∼60–70% decrease of viral RNA and infectious viral particles. Label-free quantitative proteomics was used to investigate the changes in the Calu-3 proteome after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the effect of allicin on the host-virus proteome. SARS-CoV-2 infection of Calu-3 cells caused a strong induction of the antiviral interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) signature, including several antiviral effectors, such as cGAS, Mx1, IFIT, IFIH, IFI16, IFI44, OAS, and ISG15, pathways of vesicular transport, tight junctions (KIF5A/B/C, OSBPL2, CLTCL1, and ARHGAP17) and ubiquitin modification (UBE2L3/5), as well as reprogramming of host metabolism, transcription and translation. Allicin treatment of infected Calu-3 cells reduced the expression of IFN signaling pathways and ISG effectors and reverted several host pathways to levels of uninfected cells. Allicin further reduced the abundance of the structural viral proteins N, M, S and ORF3 in the host-virus proteome. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the antiviral and immunomodulatory activity of biocompatible doses of allicin in SARS-CoV-2-infected cell cultures. Future drug research should be directed to exploit the thiol-reactivity of allicin derivatives with increased stability and lower human cell toxicity as antiviral lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Mösbauer
- Institute of Virology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Fachgebiet Geobiotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Vaou N, Stavropoulou E, Voidarou C, Tsigalou C, Bezirtzoglou E. Towards Advances in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102041. [PMID: 34683362 PMCID: PMC8541629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of drug- resistant pathogens raises an urgent need to identify and isolate new bioactive compounds from medicinal plants using standardized modern analytical procedures. Medicinal plant-derived compounds could provide novel straightforward approaches against pathogenic bacteria. This review explores the antimicrobial activity of plant-derived components, their possible mechanisms of action, as well as their chemical potential. The focus is put on the current challenges and future perspectives surrounding medicinal plants antimicrobial activity. There are some inherent challenges regarding medicinal plant extracts and their antimicrobial efficacy. Appropriate and optimized extraction methodology plant species dependent leads to upgraded and selective extracted compounds. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests for the determination of the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts may show variations in obtained results. Moreover, there are several difficulties and problems that need to be overcome for the development of new antimicrobials from plant extracts, while efforts have been made to enhance the antimicrobial activity of chemical compounds. Research on the mechanisms of action, interplay with other substances, and the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic profile of the medicinal plant extracts should be given high priority to characterize them as potential antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vaou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
- Correspondence: (N.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (N.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Chrysa Voidarou
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47132 Arta, Greece;
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
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32
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Niculescu AG, Grumezescu AM. Natural Compounds for Preventing Ear, Nose, and Throat-Related Oral Infections. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091847. [PMID: 34579380 PMCID: PMC8468404 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oral health is an essential element in maintaining general well-being. By preserving the complex equilibrium within the oral microbial community, commensal microorganisms can protect against extrinsic pathogenic threats. However, when an imbalance occurs, the organism is susceptible to a broad range of infections. Synthetic drugs can be administered to help the body fight against the fungal, bacterial, or viral burden. Nonetheless, they may produce undesirable consequences such as toxicity, adverse effects, and drug resistance. In this respect, research has focused on finding safer and more efficient alternatives. Particularly, increasing attention has been drawn towards developing novel formulations based on natural compounds. This paper reviews the plant-based, algae-based, and beehive products investigated for their antimicrobial properties, aiming to thoroughly present the state of the art on oral infection prevention in the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov Street, 50044 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-402-3997
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Jubair N, Rajagopal M, Chinnappan S, Abdullah NB, Fatima A. Review on the Antibacterial Mechanism of Plant-Derived Compounds against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria (MDR). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:3663315. [PMID: 34447454 PMCID: PMC8384518 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3663315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistance has progressed rapidly and is becoming the leading cause of death globally. The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has been a significant threat to the successful therapy against microbial infections. Scientists have become more concerned about the possibility of a return to the pre-antibiotic era. Thus, searching for alternatives to fight microorganisms has become a necessity. Some bacteria are naturally resistant to antibiotics, while others acquire resistance mainly by the misuse of antibiotics and the emergence of new resistant variants through mutation. Since ancient times, plants represent the leading source of drugs and alternative medicine for fighting against diseases. Plants are rich sources of valuable secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, quinones, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. Many studies focus on plant secondary metabolites as a potential source for antibiotic discovery. They have the required structural properties and can act by different mechanisms. This review analyses the antibiotic resistance strategies produced by multidrug-resistant bacteria and explores the phytochemicals from different classes with documented antimicrobial action against resistant bacteria, either alone or in combination with traditional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najwan Jubair
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sasikala Chinnappan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | | | - Ayesha Fatima
- Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Sun D, Sun C, Qiu G, Yao L, Yu J, Al Sberi H, Fouda MS, Othman MS, Lokman MS, Kassab RB, Abdel Moneim AE. Allicin mitigates hepatic injury following cyclophosphamide administration via activation of Nrf2/ARE pathways and through inhibition of inflammatory and apoptotic machinery. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39625-39636. [PMID: 33763830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with anti-neoplastic agents, including cyclophosphamide (CP), is associated with several adverse reactions. Here, we distinguished the potential protective effect of allicin against CP-mediated hepatotoxicity in rats. To assess the effect of allicin, four experimental groups were used, with 7 rats per group, including control, allicin (10 mg/kg), CP (200 mg/kg), and allicin + CP-treated groups. All groups were treated for 10 days. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical, molecular, and histological analyses. Treatment with CP led to deformations in the liver tissue that were associated with higher liver function markers (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase). Additionally, a disturbance in the redox balance was observed after CP exposure, as indicated by increased levels of oxidants, including malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and the decreased levels of endogenous antioxidants, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. At the molecular level, CP treatment resulted in reduced expression of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and other genes related to this pathway, including NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. CP also led to a hyper-inflammatory response in hepatic tissue, with increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interlukin-1beta, and upregulation of nitric oxide synthase 2. CP also enhanced the immunoreactivity of the profibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta, in liver tissue. Upregulation of caspase 3 and Bcl-2-associated X protein and downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 were also observed in response to CP treatment. Treatment with allicin reversed the molecular, biochemical, and histological changes that occurred with CP exposure. These results suggest that allicin can be used in combination with CP to avoid hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gongcai Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
| | - Hassan Al Sberi
- Basic Medical Science, Histopathology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar S Fouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Othman
- Basic Sciences Department, Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha S Lokman
- Biology Department, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami B Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Baha University, Almakhwah Branch, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wei X, Ma Y, Li F, He H, Huang H, Huang C, Chen Z, Chen D, Chen J, Yuan X. Acute Diallyl Disulfide Administration Prevents and Reveres Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depression-Like Behaviors in Mice via Regulating Neuroinflammation and Oxido-Nitrosative Stress. Inflammation 2021; 44:1381-1395. [PMID: 33511484 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play critical roles in pathogenesis of depression. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an active compound in garlic oil, has been shown to exhibit obvious anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Preliminary evidence indicates that depression is associated with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative markers, suggesting that inhibition of neuroinflammatory response and oxidative stress may be beneficial for depression interruption. Here, we investigated the antidepressant effect of DADS as well as it mechanisms in a depression-like model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Similarly to imipramine (10 mg/kg), a clinical antidepressant, DADS (40 or 80 mg/kg), which was administered 1 h before LPS treatment (pre-LPS) or 1.5 h and 23.5 h after LPS treatment (post-LPS), prevented and reversed LPS (100 μg/kg)-induced increase in immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that DADS pre-treatment or post-treatment at the dose of 40 and 80 mg/kg prevented and reversed (i) LPS-induced increases in interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, (ii) LPS-induced increases in contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), a parameter reflecting high levels of oxidative stress, and (iii) LPS-induced decreases in contents of GSH, a marker reflecting weakened anti-oxidative ability, in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in mice. These results indicate that DADS is comparable to imipramine in effectively ameliorating LPS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice, providing a potential value for DADS in prevention and/or therapy of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyou Wei
- Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288# Yanling East Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoying Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fu Li
- Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288# Yanling East Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaxing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19# Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongjian Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Nantong First People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinliang Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaomei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, #32 Xi'er Duan, 1ST Ring Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Bhatwalkar SB, Mondal R, Krishna SBN, Adam JK, Govender P, Anupam R. Antibacterial Properties of Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic ( Allium sativum). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:613077. [PMID: 34394014 PMCID: PMC8362743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.613077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum), a popular food spice and flavoring agent, has also been used traditionally to treat various ailments especially bacterial infections for centuries in various cultures around the world. The principal phytochemicals that exhibit antibacterial activity are oil-soluble organosulfur compounds that include allicin, ajoenes, and allyl sulfides. The organosulfur compounds of garlic exhibit a range of antibacterial properties such as bactericidal, antibiofilm, antitoxin, and anti-quorum sensing activity against a wide range of bacteria including multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. The reactive organosulfur compounds form disulfide bonds with free sulfhydryl groups of enzymes and compromise the integrity of the bacterial membrane. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized the development of antibiotic resistance as a global health concern and emphasizes antibiotic stewardship along with the urgent need to develop novel antibiotics. Multiple antibacterial effects of organosulfur compounds provide an excellent framework to develop them into novel antibiotics. The review provides a focused and comprehensive portrait of the status of garlic and its compounds as antibacterial agents. In addition, the emerging role of new technologies to harness the potential of garlic as a novel antibacterial agent is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Bagde Bhatwalkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
| | - Rajesh Mondal
- Indian Council of Medical Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India
| | - Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jamila Khatoon Adam
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Patrick Govender
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rajaneesh Anupam
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, India
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Khare T, Anand U, Dey A, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Liu Z, Kumar V. Exploring Phytochemicals for Combating Antibiotic Resistance in Microbial Pathogens. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720726. [PMID: 34366872 PMCID: PMC8334005 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance or microbial drug resistance is emerging as a serious threat to human healthcare globally, and the multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains are imposing major hurdles to the progression of drug discovery programs. Newer antibiotic-resistance mechanisms in microbes contribute to the inefficacy of the existing drugs along with the prolonged illness and escalating expenditures. The injudicious usage of the conventional and commonly available antibiotics in human health, hygiene, veterinary and agricultural practices is proving to be a major driver for evolution, persistence and spread of antibiotic-resistance at a frightening rate. The drying pipeline of new and potent antibiotics is adding to the severity. Therefore, novel and effective new drugs and innovative therapies to treat MDR infections are urgently needed. Apart from the different natural and synthetic drugs being tested, plant secondary metabolites or phytochemicals are proving efficient in combating the drug-resistant strains. Various phytochemicals from classes including alkaloids, phenols, coumarins, terpenes have been successfully demonstrated their inhibitory potential against the drug-resistant pathogens. Several phytochemicals have proved effective against the molecular determinants responsible for attaining the drug resistance in pathogens like membrane proteins, biofilms, efflux pumps and bacterial cell communications. However, translational success rate needs to be improved, but the trends are encouraging. This review highlights current knowledge and developments associated challenges and future prospects for the successful application of phytochemicals in combating antibiotic resistance and the resistant microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India.,Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Ethnopharmacology and Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India.,Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Youssef AM, El-Sayed HS, El-Nagar I, El-Sayed SM. Preparation and characterization of novel bionanocomposites based on garlic extract for preserving fresh Nile tilapia fish fillets. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22571-22584. [PMID: 35480459 PMCID: PMC9034308 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03819b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we describe the preparation of a new bionanocomposite based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Arabic gum (AG) and gelatin (GL), incorporating garlic extract (GE) and TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). The prepared bionanocomposites were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and were evaluated for their antimicrobial effect. The permeability and thermal and mechanical properties of the films were assessed. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), oxygen transmission rate (OTR), and mechanical, thermal and antimicrobial properties of the prepared bionanocomposite films were enhanced by the addition of GE and TiO2-NPs. The effects of GE and TiO2-NPs in combination incorporated into a CMC/AG/GL blend as an edible coating on the quality of fresh Nile tilapia fish fillets during refrigerated storage were evaluated. The microbiological status and weight loss of fresh Nile tilapia fish fillets were periodically tested for 21 days during storage at 4 °C. The results indicated that GE combined with TiO2-NPs has a synergistic influence on the enhancement of the preservation properties of CMC/AG/GL/GE–TiO2 bionanocomposites for refrigerated tilapia fish fillets, which could control microbial growth, and decrease weight loss during the storage of tilapia fish fillets. In current work a new bionanocomposite based on carboxymethyl cellulose, Arabic gum and gelatin, incorporating garlic extract and TiO2 nanoparticles as an edible coating for preserving the fresh Nile tilapia fish fillets during cold storage.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Youssef
- Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt +20 33370931 +20 33322418
| | - Hoda S El-Sayed
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Islam El-Nagar
- Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt +20 33370931 +20 33322418
| | - Samah M El-Sayed
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
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Boubakri A, Najjaa H, Maghrebi H, Arfa AB, Neves MAD, Isoda H, Nakajima M, Neffati M. Effect of freeze‐drying on the antioxidant and the cytotoxic properties of
Allium
roseum
L. and its application in stabilizing food emulsions. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbasset Boubakri
- Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Pastoraux et Valorisation des Plantes Spontanées et des Micro‐organismes Associés Institut des Régions Arides Medenine Tunisia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences University of Gabes Gabès Tunisia
| | - Hanen Najjaa
- Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Pastoraux et Valorisation des Plantes Spontanées et des Micro‐organismes Associés Institut des Régions Arides Medenine Tunisia
| | - Hanane Maghrebi
- Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Pastoraux et Valorisation des Plantes Spontanées et des Micro‐organismes Associés Institut des Régions Arides Medenine Tunisia
| | - Abdelkarim Ben Arfa
- Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Pastoraux et Valorisation des Plantes Spontanées et des Micro‐organismes Associés Institut des Régions Arides Medenine Tunisia
| | | | - Hiroko Isoda
- ARENA (Alliance for Research for North Africa) Tsukuba University Tsukuba Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Food Engineering Division National Food Research Institute, NARO Tsukuba Japan
| | - Mohamed Neffati
- Laboratoire des Ecosystèmes Pastoraux et Valorisation des Plantes Spontanées et des Micro‐organismes Associés Institut des Régions Arides Medenine Tunisia
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Allicin, the Odor of Freshly Crushed Garlic: A Review of Recent Progress in Understanding Allicin's Effects on Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061505. [PMID: 33801955 PMCID: PMC8001868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile organic sulfur compound allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) is produced as a defense substance when garlic (Allium sativum) tissues are damaged, for example by the activities of pathogens or pests. Allicin gives crushed garlic its characteristic odor, is membrane permeable and readily taken up by exposed cells. It is a reactive thiol-trapping sulfur compound that S-thioallylates accessible cysteine residues in proteins and low molecular weight thiols including the cellular redox buffer glutathione (GSH) in eukaryotes and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as bacillithiol (BSH) in Gram-positive firmicutes. Allicin shows dose-dependent antimicrobial activity. At higher doses in eukaryotes allicin can induce apoptosis or necrosis, whereas lower, biocompatible amounts can modulate the activity of redox-sensitive proteins and affect cellular signaling. This review summarizes our current knowledge of how bacterial and eukaryotic cells are specifically affected by, and respond to, allicin.
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Abdelrahman M, Hirata S, Mukae T, Yamada T, Sawada Y, El-Syaed M, Yamada Y, Sato M, Hirai MY, Shigyo M. Comprehensive Metabolite Profiling in Genetic Resources of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) Collected from Different Geographical Regions. Molecules 2021; 26:1415. [PMID: 33807861 PMCID: PMC7962061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is the second most important Allium crop that has been used as a vegetable and condiment from ancient times due to its characteristic flavor and taste. Although garlic is a sterile plant that reproduces vegetatively through cloves, garlic shows high biodiversity, as well as phenotypic plasticity and environmental adaptation capacity. To determine the possible mechanism underlying this phenomenon and to provide new genetic materials for the development of a novel garlic cultivar with useful agronomic traits, the metabolic profiles in the leaf tissue of 30 garlic accessions collected from different geographical regions, with a special focus on the Asian region, were investigated using LC/MS. In addition, the total saponin and fructan contents in the roots and cloves of the investigated garlic accessions were also evaluated. Total saponin and fructan contents did not separate the garlic accessions based on their geographical origin, implying that saponin and fructan contents were clone-specific and agroclimatic changes have affected the quantitative and qualitative levels of saponins in garlic over a long history of cultivation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and dendrogram clustering of the LC/MS-based metabolite profiling showed two major clusters. Specifically, many Japanese and Central Asia accessions were grouped in cluster I and showed high accumulations of flavonol glucosides, alliin, and methiin. On the other hand, garlic accessions grouped in cluster II exhibited a high accumulation of anthocyanin glucosides and amino acids. Although most of the accessions were not separated based on country of origin, the Central Asia accessions were clustered in one group, implying that these accessions exhibited distinct metabolic profiles. The present study provides useful information that can be used for germplasm selection and the development of new garlic varieties with beneficial biotic and abiotic stress-adaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt;
| | - Sho Hirata
- Laboratory of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Kasuya, Fukuoka 811-2307, Japan;
| | - Takuya Mukae
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crop Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, College of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan;
| | - Tomohiro Yamada
- Allium Unit, Division of Vegetable Breeding, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 360 Kusawa, Ano, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan;
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Magdi El-Syaed
- Molecular Biotechnology Program, Field of Advanced Basic Sciences, Galala University, New Galala City 43511, Egypt;
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Muneo Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.Y.); (M.S.); (M.Y.H.)
| | - Masayoshi Shigyo
- Laboratory of Vegetable Crop Science, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, College of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan;
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Parthasarathy A, Borrego EJ, Savka MA, Dobson RCJ, Hudson AO. Amino acid-derived defense metabolites from plants: A potential source to facilitate novel antimicrobial development. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100438. [PMID: 33610552 PMCID: PMC8024917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For millennia, humanity has relied on plants for its medicines, and modern pharmacology continues to reexamine and mine plant metabolites for novel compounds and to guide improvements in biological activity, bioavailability, and chemical stability. The critical problem of antibiotic resistance and increasing exposure to viral and parasitic diseases has spurred renewed interest into drug treatments for infectious diseases. In this context, an urgent revival of natural product discovery is globally underway with special attention directed toward the numerous and chemically diverse plant defensive compounds such as phytoalexins and phytoanticipins that combat herbivores, microbial pathogens, or competing plants. Moreover, advancements in “omics,” chemistry, and heterologous expression systems have facilitated the purification and characterization of plant metabolites and the identification of possible therapeutic targets. In this review, we describe several important amino acid–derived classes of plant defensive compounds, including antimicrobial peptides (e.g., defensins, thionins, and knottins), alkaloids, nonproteogenic amino acids, and phenylpropanoids as potential drug leads, examining their mechanisms of action, therapeutic targets, and structure–function relationships. Given their potent antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral properties, which can be superior to existing drugs, phytoalexins and phytoanticipins are an excellent resource to facilitate the rational design and development of antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutthaman Parthasarathy
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Eli J Borrego
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michael A Savka
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Renwick C J Dobson
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre and School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - André O Hudson
- Rochester Institute of Technology, Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester, New York, USA.
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Liu H, Xu L, Yu F, Tan J, Cao L, Xing Y, Xu Q, Yang S, Liu X, Yang P, Yue T, Wang X, Che Z. Effects of different ozone treatments on the storage quality and stability of fresh peeled garlic. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22530-22543. [PMID: 35480455 PMCID: PMC9034373 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to understand their impacts on the preservation of fresh garlic, varying concentrations of ozone gas and different storage temperatures were tested for this experiment. The results demonstrated that freshly peeled garlic was best preserved by an ozone concentration of 5 ppm and storage at 4 °C compared to other treatment groups. With these optimized conditions, after 25 days of storage, the weight of garlic decreased by only 1.89% and, under the same storage conditions, the water loss rate was only 65.17% that of the control group, with a decay rate of only 12.50%. The rate of decay in the blank control group was three times that of this group. The germination rate was also low: only 30.26%, which was 57.69% that of the blank control group. The hardness was measured at 7.48 kg cm−2, 19.79% higher than that of the blank group. The content of soluble solids was 9.15 g 100 mL−1, which was 10.27% higher than that of the blank group, again proving that the above storage parameters were effective. At the same time, the titratable acid (TA) in the garlic was 15.48%, which was 1.17 times that of the blank group and corresponds to the vitamin C content. Also, the content of diallyl trisulfide only decreased by 3.98% and was 11.2% higher (P < 0.01) than that of the blank group. Finally, the validity of this optimal result was also confirmed by sensory evaluation. These results, for garlic, support the application of ozone as a safe, non-thermal preservation technique benefiting both producers and consumers. In order to understand their impacts on the preservation of fresh garlic, varying concentrations of ozone gas and different storage temperatures were tested for this experiment.![]()
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Sorlozano-Puerto A, Albertuz-Crespo M, Lopez-Machado I, Gil-Martinez L, Ariza-Romero JJ, Maroto-Tello A, Baños-Arjona A, Gutierrez-Fernandez J. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate, Two Organosulfur Compounds from Allium cepa: In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect via the Gas Phase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:ph14010021. [PMID: 33383767 PMCID: PMC7824278 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Propyl-propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) are two volatile compounds derived from Allium cepa with a widely documented antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate their anti-candidiasis activity and the ability of its gaseous phase to inhibit bacterial and yeast growth in vitro. The minimum inhibitory concentration of various antifungal products (including PTS and PTSO) was determined versus 203 clinical isolates of Candida spp. through broth microdilution assay. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity through aerial diffusion of PTS and PTSO was evaluated over the growth of a collection of bacteria and yeasts cultivated in agar plates. All yeasts were susceptible to the antifungals tested, except C. glabrata and C. krusei, that showed azole resistance. PTSO (MIC50 and MIC90 ranged from 4 to 16 mg/L and 8 to 32 mg/L, respectively) was significantly more active against yeasts than PTS (MIC50 and MIC90 ranged from 16 to 64 mg/L and 32 to 64 mg/L). Values were higher than those obtained for antifungal drugs. Gaseous phases of PTS and PTSO generated growth inhibition zones whose diameters were directly related to the substances concentration and inversely related to the microbial inoculum. The quantification of PTS and PTSO levels reached in the growth media through aerial diffusion displayed a concentration gradient from the central zone to the periphery. Only P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 showed resistance, while yeasts (C. albicans ATCC 200955 and C. krusei ATCC 6258) presented the higher susceptibility to both compounds. These results suggest that PTS and PTSO display antibacterial and anti-candidiasis activity in vitro through aerial diffusion, having potential use in human therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sorlozano-Puerto
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada-ibs, Avda. de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (I.L.-M.)
| | - Maria Albertuz-Crespo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada-ibs, Avda. de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (I.L.-M.)
| | - Isaac Lopez-Machado
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada-ibs, Avda. de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (I.L.-M.)
| | - Lidia Gil-Martinez
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Alhendín, Spain; (L.G.-M.); (J.J.A.-R.); (A.M.-T.); (A.B.-A.)
| | - Juan Jose Ariza-Romero
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Alhendín, Spain; (L.G.-M.); (J.J.A.-R.); (A.M.-T.); (A.B.-A.)
| | - Alba Maroto-Tello
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Alhendín, Spain; (L.G.-M.); (J.J.A.-R.); (A.M.-T.); (A.B.-A.)
| | - Alberto Baños-Arjona
- DMC Research Center, Camino de Jayena, 82, 18620 Alhendín, Spain; (L.G.-M.); (J.J.A.-R.); (A.M.-T.); (A.B.-A.)
| | - Jose Gutierrez-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine and PhD Program in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada-ibs, Avda. de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.S.-P.); (M.A.-C.); (I.L.-M.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital-ibs, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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The Sulfilimine Analogue of Allicin, S-Allyl- S-( S-allyl)- N-Cyanosulfilimine, Is Antimicrobial and Reacts with Glutathione. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111086. [PMID: 33158268 PMCID: PMC7694261 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When cells of garlic (Allium sativum) are disrupted by wounding, they produce the defense substance allicin (diallylthiosulfinate). Allicin is an efficient thiol trap and readily passes through cell membranes into the cytosol, where it behaves as a redox toxin by oxidizing the cellular glutathione (GSH) pool and producing S-allylmercaptoglutathione (GSSA). An N-cyanosulfilimine analogue of allicin (CSA), which was predicted to have similar reactivity towards thiol groups but be more stable in storage, was synthesized and its properties investigated. Similarly to allicin, CSA was shown to inhibit the growth of various bacteria, a fungus (baker’s yeast), and Arabidopsis roots. A chemogenetic screen showed that yeast mutants with compromised GSH levels and metabolism were hypersensitive to CSA. GSH reacted with CSA to produce allyltrisulfanylglutathione (GS3A), which was a white solid virtually insoluble in water. Yeast Δgsh1 mutants are unable to synthesize GSH because they lack the γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1) gene, and they are unable to grow without GSH supplementation in the medium. GS3A in the growth medium supported the auxotrophic requirement for GSH in Δgsh1 mutants. This result suggests that GS3A is being reduced to GSH in vivo, possibly by the enzyme glutathione reductase (GR), which has been shown to accept GSSA as a substrate. The results suggest that CSA has a mode of action similar to allicin and is effective at similar concentrations.
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Houdkova M, Kokoska L. Volatile Antimicrobial Agents and In Vitro Methods for Evaluating Their Activity in the Vapour Phase: A Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:822-857. [PMID: 32450573 DOI: 10.1055/a-1158-4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes data on the in vitro antimicrobial effectiveness of volatile agents of plant origin and in vitro methods for evaluating their activity in the vapour phase. As a result of literature analysis, the antimicrobial efficacy of vapours from 122 different plant species and 19 pure compounds examined in 61 studies using different in vitro tests against a broad spectrum of microorganisms was identified and summarized. In addition, 11 different techniques found in the literature are described in detail. An original classification of methods based on the solid and liquid matrix volatilization principle is proposed because carrier medium/matrix selection is crucial for the volatilization of any agents tested. This review should be useful for medicinal, pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural experts working in areas related to the management of infectious diseases (especially respiratory and skin infections), food preservation (active packaging), and protection of agriculture products (controlled atmosphere). It may also stimulate the interest of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food, and agriculture industries in the research and development of new antimicrobial agents of natural origin. Since several original apparatuses previously developed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the vapour phase are described in this review, labware manufacturers may also be interested in this topic. The review also provides specific guidelines and recommendations for researchers studying the antimicrobial activity of volatile agents. The article will therefore appeal to communities of industrial stakeholders, pharmacists, physicians, food experts, agriculturists, and researchers in related areas such as pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, microbiology, natural product chemistry, food preservation and plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Houdkova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Qi P, Sun F, Chen N, Du H. Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of Azoarenes with Dialkyl Disulfides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8588-8596. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Sun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Du
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People’s Republic of China
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Dörner P, Müller PM, Reiter J, Gruhlke MC, Slusarenko AJ, Schröder W, Klaas M. Feasibility study of a surface-coated lung model to quantify active agent deposition for preclinical studies. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2020; 76:105029. [PMID: 32422391 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple drug resistance of a growing number of bacterial pathogens represents an increasing challenge in conventional curative treatments of infectious diseases. However, the development and testing of new antibiotics is associated with a high number of animal experiments. METHODS A symmetrical parametrized lung test rig allowing the exposure of air-passage surfaces to antibiotics was designed and tested to demonstrate proof-of-principle with aerosols containing allicin, which is an antimicrobial natural product from garlic. An artificial lung surface is coated with bacteria embedded in a hydrogel and growth inhibition is visualized by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, that is reduced from colourless to the dark blue formazan in the presence of metabolically active, living cells. A nebulizer is used to generate the aerosols. FINDINGS The results show that allicin has an antibiotic effect as an aerosol and that the deposition pattern of the active agent occurred mainly around the carinal regions. INTERPRETATION The model represents an integral system for continuous, spatial detection of aerosol deposition and allows the analysis of bacterial behaviour and the toxicity of the active agent. Thus, the deposition of antimicrobial aerosols on the bronchial surfaces is characterized in preliminary tests without any animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dörner
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Philipp M Müller
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Reiter
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio III), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin C Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio III), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology (Bio III), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schröder
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Klaas
- Chair of Fluid Mechanics and Institute of Aerodynamics, RWTH Aachen University, Wüllnerstr. 5a, 52062 Aachen, Germany
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Borlinghaus J, Bolger A, Schier C, Vogel A, Usadel B, Gruhlke MC, Slusarenko AJ. Genetic and molecular characterization of multicomponent resistance of Pseudomonas against allicin. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e202000670. [PMID: 32234751 PMCID: PMC7119367 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The common foodstuff garlic produces the potent antibiotic defense substance allicin after tissue damage. Allicin is a redox toxin that oxidizes glutathione and cellular proteins and makes garlic a highly hostile environment for non-adapted microbes. Genomic clones from a highly allicin-resistant Pseudomonas fluorescens (PfAR-1), which was isolated from garlic, conferred allicin resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and even to Escherichia coli Resistance-conferring genes had redox-related functions and were on core fragments from three similar genomic islands identified by sequencing and in silico analysis. Transposon mutagenesis and overexpression analyses revealed the contribution of individual candidate genes to allicin resistance. Taken together, our data define a multicomponent resistance mechanism against allicin in PfAR-1, achieved through horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Borlinghaus
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH Aachen University), Aachen, Germany
| | - Anthony Bolger
- Department of Botany, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH Aachen University), Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Schier
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH Aachen University), Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Department of Botany, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH Aachen University), Aachen, Germany
| | - Björn Usadel
- Department of Botany, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH Aachen University), Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Ch Gruhlke
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH Aachen University), Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan J Slusarenko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH Aachen University), Aachen, Germany
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Gorlenko CL, Kiselev HY, Budanova EV, Zamyatnin AA, Ikryannikova LN. Plant Secondary Metabolites in the Battle of Drugs and Drug-Resistant Bacteria: New Heroes or Worse Clones of Antibiotics? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040170. [PMID: 32290036 PMCID: PMC7235868 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases that are caused by bacteria are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in all regions of the world. Bacterial drug resistance has grown in the last decades, but the rate of discovery of new antibiotics has steadily decreased. Therefore, the search for new effective antibacterial agents has become a top priority. The plant kingdom seems to be a deep well for searching for novel antimicrobial agents. This is due to the many attractive features of plants: they are readily available and cheap, extracts or compounds from plant sources often demonstrate high-level activity against pathogens, and they rarely have severe side effects. The huge variety of plant-derived compounds provides very diverse chemical structures that may supply both the novel mechanisms of antimicrobial action and provide us with new targets within the bacterial cell. In addition, the rapid development of modern biotechnologies opens up the way for obtaining bioactive compounds in environmentally friendly and low-toxic conditions. In this short review, we ask the question: do antibacterial agents derived from plants have a chance to become a panacea against infectious diseases in the "post-antibiotics era".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrill L. Gorlenko
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Herman Yu. Kiselev
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Elena V. Budanova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.A.Z.J.); (L.N.I.); Tel.: +7-495-622-98-43 (A.A.Z.J.); +7-910-472-01-49 (L.N.I.)
| | - Larisa N. Ikryannikova
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (C.L.G.); (H.Y.K.); (E.V.B.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.Z.J.); (L.N.I.); Tel.: +7-495-622-98-43 (A.A.Z.J.); +7-910-472-01-49 (L.N.I.)
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