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Morandini HAE, Watson PA, Barbaro P, Rao P. Brain iron concentration in childhood ADHD: A systematic review of neuroimaging studies. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 173:200-209. [PMID: 38547742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency may play a role in the pathophysiology of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Due to its preponderant function in monoamine catecholamine and myelin synthesis, brain iron concentration may be of primary interest in the investigation of iron dysregulation in ADHD. This study reviewed current evidence of brain iron abnormalities in children and adolescents with ADHD using magnetic resonance imaging methods, such as relaxometry and quantitative susceptibility mapping, to assess brain iron estimates. The study was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was performed for studies published between January 1, 2008 and July 7, 2023 in Medline, Scopus and Proquest. Regions of interest, brain iron index values and phenotypical information were extracted from the relevant studies. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality assessment tool. Seven cross-sectional studies comparing brain iron estimates in children with ADHD with neurotypical children were included. Significantly reduced brain iron content in medication-naïve children with ADHD was a consistent finding. Two studies found psychostimulant use may increase and normalize brain iron concentration in children with ADHD. The findings were consistent across the studies despite differing methodologies and may lay the early foundation for the recognition of a potential biomarker in ADHD, although longitudinal prospective neuroimaging studies using larger sample sizes are required. Lastly, the effects of iron supplementation on brain iron concentration in children with ADHD need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A E Morandini
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Prue A Watson
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Parma Barbaro
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Pradeep Rao
- Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service, Child and Adolescent Health Services, Perth, WA, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, UWA Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia
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Lukovac T, Hil OA, Popović M, Jovanović V, Savić T, Pavlović AM, Pavlović D. Serum Biomarker Analysis in Pediatric ADHD: Implications of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Ferritin, and Iron Levels. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:497. [PMID: 38671715 PMCID: PMC11048887 DOI: 10.3390/children11040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The current diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is based on history, clinical observation, and behavioral tests. There is a high demand to find biomarkers for the diagnosis of ADHD. The aim of this study is to analyze the serum profiles of several biomarkers, including homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12, vitamin D, ferritin, and iron, in a cohort of 133 male subjects (6.5-12.5 years), including 67 individuals with an ADHD diagnosis based on DSM-V criteria and 66 age-matched healthy boys (healthy controls, HC). Assessments for ADHD included the Iowa Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CPRS) and the ADHDT test, as well as cognitive assessments using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) and the TROG-2 language comprehension test. Hcy and iron were quantified using spectrophotometry, while vitamin B12 and total 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and ferritin was measured using a particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The results showed significantly increased Hcy levels and decreased vitamin B12 levels in ADHD patients compared to HCs. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that Hcy is a potential prognostic indicator for ADHD. These results suggest that elevated homocysteine and decreased vitamin B12 may serve as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lukovac
- Center for Speech and Language Pathology Higia Logos, Mirijevski Bulevar 17 b, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Milka Popović
- Beo-Lab Laboratories, Resavska 58-60, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vitomir Jovanović
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Čika-Ljubina 18-20, 11102 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tatjana Savić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Boulevard, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra M. Pavlović
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Visokog Stevana 2, 11102 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.P.); (D.P.)
| | - Dragan Pavlović
- Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Visokog Stevana 2, 11102 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.P.); (D.P.)
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Chen X, Zhai R, Peng Y, Tai R, Zhou C, Wang J. Biomarkers and Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1262057. [PMID: 38385037 PMCID: PMC10879287 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1262057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This research aims to investigate whether peripheral biomarkers might differentiate individuals with Tourette syndrome (TS) from those without the condition. Methods A broad range of databases was searched through November 2022. This study employed a systematic literature review and subsequent meta-analysis of case-control studies that assessed the aberration of biomarkers of patients with TS and controls. Results A total of 81 studies were identified, out of which 60 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Following a meticulous screening procedure to determine the feasibility of incorporating case-control studies into the meta-analysis, 13 comparisons were statistically significant [CD3+ T cell, CD4+ T cell, CD4+ T cell to CD8+ T cell ratio, NK-cell, anti-streptolysin O antibodies, anti-DNase antibodies, glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), ferritin (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), vitamin D, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)]. Publication bias was found for anti-streptolysin O antibodies. Suggestive associations were evidenced for norsalsolinol (NSAL), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100B. Conclusion In this study, we present empirical evidence substantiating the link between several peripheral biomarkers and the early diagnosis of TS. Larger and more standardized studies are necessary to replicate the observed results, elucidate the specificity of the biomarkers for TS, and evaluate their precision for use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Attia YA, Al-Sagan AA, Hussein ESOS, Olal MJ, Ebeid TA, Al-Abdullatif AA, Alhotan RA, Alyileili SR, Shehata HA, Tufarelli V. Dietary flaxseed cake influences on performance, quality, and sensory attributes of eggs, serum, and egg trace minerals of laying hens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:50. [PMID: 38236506 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a global shortage in feed supply for animal nutrition; however, there are a considerable amount of agro-industrial co- and by-products that may offer a reasonable solution. Flaxseed cake (FSC) is a by-product of flaxseed for oil extraction rich in n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA). Thus, the dietary inclusion of FSC on laying performance, egg quality, and serum and egg trace elements (Se, Zn, and Fe) was evaluated using Hisex White hens. The hens were distributed to three equal experimental treatments and provided diets including 0%, 5%, or 10% FSC from 48 to 58 weeks of age. Findings clarified that up to 10% FSC in the laying hen diet had no detrimental effect on laying rate, egg mass, and feed utilization. It was found that FSC resulted in a valuable source of protein, energy, macro- (Ca and P), micro- (Se, Zn and Fe) elements, and essential amino acids, with arginine being the highest. Dietary FSC did not negatively influence the egg quality traits, as well as egg sensory attributes. Including 5% or 10% FSC in diet did not significantly affect serum total protein and renal function in terms of creatinine, uric acid, and uric acid-to-creatinine ratio. Different FSC levels did not influence the chemical composition of eggs and trace elements in serum and eggs. It could be concluded that FSC is a valuable feedstuff that can provide a good source of energy, protein, amino acids, and macro- and micro-elements for hens' nutrition. The inclusion of up to 10% of FSC in hens diet did not adversely influence egg laying performance, egg quality of both fresh and stored eggs, sensory attributes, and nutritional composition, as well as Se, Zn, and Fe in serum and eggs due to balanced nutrient profile of FSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef A Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Al-Sagan
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, 12354, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed O S Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marai J Olal
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek A Ebeid
- Department of Animal Production and Breeding, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, 51452, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, KafrEl-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Abdullatif
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem R Alyileili
- Department of Laboratory Analysis, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Heba A Shehata
- Regional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research and Development Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
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Baj J, Bargieł J, Cabaj J, Skierkowski B, Hunek G, Portincasa P, Flieger J, Smoleń A. Trace Elements Levels in Major Depressive Disorder-Evaluation of Potential Threats and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15071. [PMID: 37894749 PMCID: PMC10606638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifactorial etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) includes biological, environmental, genetic, and psychological aspects. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in metallomic studies in psychiatry, aiming to evaluate the role of chosen trace elements in the MDD etiology as well as the progression of symptoms. This narrative review aims to summarize the available literature on the relationship between the concentration of chosen elements in the serum of patients with MDD and the onset and progression of this psychiatric condition. The authors reviewed PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases searching for elements that had been investigated so far and further evaluated them in this paper. Ultimately, 15 elements were evaluated, namely, zinc, magnesium, selenium, iron, copper, aluminium, cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, calcium, manganese, chromium, nickel, and phosphorus. The association between metallomic studies and psychiatry has been developing dynamically recently. According to the results of current research, metallomics might act as a potential screening tool for patients with MDD while at the same time providing an assessment of the severity of symptoms. Either deficiencies or excessive amounts of chosen elements might be associated with the progression of depressive symptoms or even the onset of the disease among people predisposed to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Baj
- Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Julia Bargieł
- Student Research Group of Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Justyna Cabaj
- Student Research Group of Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Bartosz Skierkowski
- Student Research Group of Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland; (J.B.); (J.C.); (B.S.)
| | - Gabriela Hunek
- Student Research Group of Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4A, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Smoleń
- Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
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Lange KW, Lange KM, Nakamura Y, Reissmann A. Nutrition in the Management of ADHD: A Review of Recent Research. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:383-394. [PMID: 37505402 PMCID: PMC10444659 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Various nutrients and diet quality have been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD. The purpose of this review was to examine data from recent cohort studies and dietary interventions to determine whether nutrition may play a role in the management of ADHD. RECENT FINDINGS Preliminary evidence suggests that minerals might have beneficial effects on ADHD symptomatology. Probiotics might offer novel strategies to prevent or treat ADHD. Inverse associations between adherence to "healthy" diets and ADHD symptoms have been observed. Children with ADHD responding to the few-foods diet (or oligoantigenic diet) with an elimination of individually identified food items show substantially improved behavior and cognitive functioning. Evidence from recent research does not allow any recommendations regarding the use of micronutrients or probiotics in the management of ADHD. The few-foods diet may become an additional therapeutic option for children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W. Lange
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Andreas Reissmann
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
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Fiore G, Veneri F, Di Lorenzo R, Generali L, Vinceti M, Filippini T. Fluoride Exposure and ADHD: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040797. [PMID: 37109754 PMCID: PMC10143272 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by two dimensions: inattentiveness and hyperactivity/impulsivity. ADHD may be the result of complex interactions between genetic, biological and environmental factors possibly including fluoride exposure. Materials and methods: A literature search was performed on 31 March 2023 in the following databases: PubMed, Embase and Web of Science. We defined the following inclusion criteria according to the PECOS statement: a healthy child and adolescent population (P), fluoride exposure of any type (E), comparison with low or null exposure (C), ADHD spectrum disorder (O), and ecological, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies (S). Results: We found eight eligible records corresponding to seven different studies investigating the effect of fluoride exposure on children and adolescents. One study had a cohort design and one a case-control one, while five were cross-sectional. Only three studies applied validated questionnaires for the purpose of ADHD diagnosis. As regards exposure assessment, levels of fluoride in urine and tap water were, respectively used in three and two studies, while two used both. Three studies reported a positive association with ADHD risk, all assessing exposure through fluoride levels. By using urinary fluoride, conversely, a positive correlation with inattention, internalizing symptoms, cognitive and psychosomatic problems was found in three studies, but no relation was found in the other one. Conclusions: The present review suggests that early exposure to fluoride may have neurotoxic effects on neurodevelopment affecting behavioral, cognitive and psychosomatic symptoms related to ADHD diagnosis. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies included, current evidence does not allow to conclusively confirm that fluoride exposure is specifically linked to ADHD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Fiore
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Veneri
- Unit of Dentistry & Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Rosaria Di Lorenzo
- Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Care (SPDC), Department of Mental Health and Drug Abuse, AUSL Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Luigi Generali
- Unit of Dentistry & Oral-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Transplant Surgery, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine Relevance (CHIMOMO), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Section of Public Health, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
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Fan HC, Chiang KL, Chang KH, Chen CM, Tsai JD. Epilepsy and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Connection, Chance, and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065270. [PMID: 36982345 PMCID: PMC10049646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Comorbidities are common in children with epilepsy, with nearly half of the patients having at least one comorbidity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by hyperactivity and inattentiveness level disproportional to the child’s developmental stage. The burden of ADHD in children with epilepsy is high and can adversely affect the patients’ clinical outcomes, psychosocial aspects, and quality of life. Several hypotheses were proposed to explain the high burden of ADHD in childhood epilepsy; the well-established bidirectional connection and shared genetic/non-genetic factors between epilepsy and comorbid ADHD largely rule out the possibility of a chance in this association. Stimulants are effective in children with comorbid ADHD, and the current body of evidence supports their safety within the approved dose. Nonetheless, safety data should be further studied in randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials. Comorbid ADHD is still under-recognized in clinical practice. Early identification and management of comorbid ADHD are crucial to optimize the prognosis and reduce the risk of adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. The identification of the shared genetic background of epilepsy and ADHD can open the gate for tailoring treatment options for these patients through precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli 356, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liang Chiang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kuang-Tien General Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (J.-D.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22840319-701 (C.-M.C.); +886-4-24730022-21731 (J.-D.T.)
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-M.C.); (J.-D.T.); Tel.: +886-4-22840319-701 (C.-M.C.); +886-4-24730022-21731 (J.-D.T.)
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Elmehy DA, Elmansory BM, Gamea GA, Abdelhai DI, Abd-Elsalam SM, Salamah AM, Ata DS, Mahmoud EF, Ibrahim HA, Salama AM. Parasitic infections as potential risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:82-92. [PMID: 36910322 PMCID: PMC9998788 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represents a mysterious neuropsychiatric alarming concern due to indefinite etiopathogenesis among children. Notably, the studies which investigated the correlation between ADHD and parasitic infections are insufficient. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the correlation between ADHD and some tissue dwelling and intestinal parasitic infections in children. The study was conducted on 200 children, including 100 children suffering from ADHD (Group I) and 100 healthy children as a control group (Group II). All caregivers fulfilled predesigned sociodemographic form and Conners parent rating scale (CPRS-48) questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine hemoglobin level as well as relative eosinophilic count. The presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and anti-Toxocara IgG in serum by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was further investigated. Also, micronutrients as zinc, iron, and copper levels were measured. Schistosoma antigen was investigated in urine samples. Stool samples were subjected to direct wet smear, concentration technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining for coccidian parasites detection. Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica antigens were investigated in stool samples. Group I expressed more liability to sociodemographic risk factors, decreased levels of Hb, iron, zinc, and copper with statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Comparison between Group I and Group II regarding the detected parasitic infections exhibited statistically significant difference except Schistosoma antigen positivity which expressed no statistical significance. The present study concluded that the parasitic infections with their consequences are potential risk factors in children with ADHD indicating that their early diagnosis and treatment may help in ADHD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A. Elmehy
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Basma M. Elmansory
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ghada A. Gamea
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina I. Abdelhai
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Abeer M. Salamah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kafr El Shiekh University, Kafr El Shiekh, Egypt
| | - Dina S. Ata
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman F. Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A. Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Amina M. Salama
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Rashaid AB, Alqhazo M, Newbury DF, Kanaan H, El-Khateeb M, Abukashabeh A, Al-Tamimi F. Evaluation of elements in hair samples of children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:138-147. [PMID: 35034571 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2022068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have highlighted a role for trace elements and toxic metals across neurodevelopmental disorders, including developmental stuttering, Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, these environmental influences have yet to be explored in relation to Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). METHODS Elemental hair composition of seven elements; zinc (64Zn), magnesium (26Mg), iron (57Fe), potassium (39K), aluminum (27Al), lead (208Pb), and barium (138Ba) were analyzed in hair samples from 35 children affected by DLD and 35 controls with typical language development (TLD) using both inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). RESULTS The concentration of 64Zn was significantly lower in the hair of DLD group compared to the TLD control group. All other elements showed similar levels between cases and controls. This pilot study demonstrates the utility of trace elements and toxic metals screening in relation to language disorders and the use of hair samples in such investigations. CONCLUSION The finding that zinc levels differed between cases and controls could represent a clinically relevant result and should be replicated in larger sample size across time. A wider battery of related elements will help to better understand the role of trace elements and toxic metals in DLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Bani Rashaid
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Mazin Alqhazo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Dianne F Newbury
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Heba Kanaan
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Mohammad El-Khateeb
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Ahmad Abukashabeh
- Chemical and Physical Analyses Laboratories, Jordan Atomic Energy Commission, Amman, Jordan
| | - Feda Al-Tamimi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
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Dhillon VS, Deo P, Thomas P, Fenech M. Low Magnesium in Conjunction with High Homocysteine and Less Sleep Accelerates Telomere Attrition in Healthy Elderly Australian. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020982. [PMID: 36674498 PMCID: PMC9866301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between sleep and micronutrients, including magnesium, is implicated in its regulation. The effects of low magnesium and other micronutrients on sleep disruption and telomere loss are not well understood. The present study was carried out in 172 healthy elderly subjects from South Australia. Plasma micronutrients including magnesium were measured. Each participant provided information about their sleep hours (<7 h or ≥7 h). Lymphocyte telomere length (TL) was measured by real-time qPCR assay. Plasma magnesium level was significantly low in subjects who sleep less than 7 h (p = 0.0002). TL was significantly shorter in people who are low in magnesium and sleep less than 7 h (p = 0.01). Plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is negatively associated with magnesium (r = −0.299; p < 0.0001). There is a significant interaction effect of magnesium and Hcy on sleep duration (p = 0.04) and TL (p = 0.003). Our results suggest that inadequate magnesium levels have an adverse impact on sleep and telomere attrition rate in cognitively normal elderly people, and this may be exacerbated by low levels of vitamin B12 and folate that elevate Hcy concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinderpal S. Dhillon
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Permal Deo
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Philip Thomas
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (M.F.)
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12
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Escobedo-Monge MF, Barrado E, Parodi-Román J, Escobedo-Monge MA, Torres-Hinojal MC, Marugán-Miguelsanz JM. Copper/Zinc Ratio in Childhood and Adolescence: A Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010082. [PMID: 36677007 PMCID: PMC9862945 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are crucial micronutrients for human growth and development. This literature review covered the last five years of available evidence on the Cu/Zn ratio in children and adolescents. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct for publications between 2017 and 2022, especially in English, although publications in other languages with abstracts in English were included. The main terms used were "copper", "zinc", "copper-zinc", and "zinc-copper" ratios. Cu and Zn determinations made in blood, plasma, or serum were included. This review comprises several cross-sectional and case-control studies with substantial results. The bibliographic search generated a compilation of 19 articles, in which 63.2% of the studies mostly reported a significantly higher Cu/Zn ratio, and 57.9% of them informed significantly lower levels of Zn. We conclude that children and adolescents with acute and chronic conditions are at greater risk of developing elevated Cu/Zn ratios, related to altered nutritional, infectious, and inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Fabiola Escobedo-Monge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-639-590-467
| | - Enrique Barrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Science Faculty, Campus Miguel Delibes, University of Valladolid, Calle Paseo de Belén, 7, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Parodi-Román
- Science Faculty, University of Cadiz, Paseo de Carlos III, 28, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | - José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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13
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Zavadenko NN, Suvorinova NY, Zavadenko AN. [The possibilities of Mexidol usage in neuropediatrics]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:43-50. [PMID: 37942971 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312309243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) is a modern neurometabolic medication increasingly being used in neuropediatrics. The results of recent studies confirming the positive effects of Mexidol pharmacotherapy in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), perinatal damages of the central nervous system (hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy) and their consequences, neurological disorders and neurodevelopmental delay after surgery for congenital heart defects, neuroinfections (meningitis, encephalitis), posttraumatic epilepsy. Taking into account the unique multimodal action of Mexidol, it seems promising to expand the range of indications for its application in neuropediatrics, based on the results of new clinical trials organized in accordance with modern principles of evidence-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Zavadenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N Yu Suvorinova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Zavadenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Zhang H, Li J, Li Y, Xu F, Wang M, Lin X, Li Y, Yang C, Cao Z, Xia W, Xu S. Sex-specific associations of early postnatal blood copper levels with neurodevelopment at 2 years of age. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 74:127072. [PMID: 36174460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element; however, it can be harmful in excess. Previous studies have shown that prenatal Cu levels may affect childhood neurodevelopment; however, studies focused on early postnatal Cu levels are limited. We studied 843 children born in Wuhan City and investigated the associations between early life Cu levels and neurodevelopment in 2-year-old children. Blood samples collected from children at 12 and 24 months of age were used to analyze Cu levels. Neurodevelopment was scored using the Bayley Scale of Children at 24 months of age. We found that a higher Cu level at 12 months of age was positively associated with mental development index (MDI) in boys (β = 6.75, 95 %CI: 1.12, 12.38). Further non-linear analysis showed an inverted U-shape association between Cu level at 20 months and PDI in boys, indicating that Cu levels may have an optimal concentration for neurodevelopment (p for overall association = 0.01, p for non-linear association < 0.01). In addition, all meaningful results mentioned above were observed only in boys, and a statistically significant sex-related modifying effect was observed (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study repeated measures early life Cu levels and suggested sex-specific associations between early life Cu levels and neurodevelopment in 2-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhang
- Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Juxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Fenghua Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention & Control, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chenhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhongqiang Cao
- Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan 430000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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15
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GOKCE NURIYE, BASGOZ NESLIHAN, KENANOGLU SERCAN, AKALIN HILAL, OZKUL YUSUF, ERGOREN MAHMUTCERKEZ, BECCARI TOMMASO, BERTELLI MATTEO, DUNDAR MUNIS. An overview of the genetic aspects of hair loss and its connection with nutrition. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E228-E238. [PMID: 36479473 PMCID: PMC9710406 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss is a widespread concern in dermatology clinics, affecting both men's and women's quality of life. Hair loss can have many different causes, which are critical to identify in order to provide appropriate treatment. Hair loss can happen due to many variables, such as genetic factors or predisposition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, skin problems, hair growth disorders, poor diet, hormonal problems, certain internal diseases, drug use, stress and depression, cosmetic factors, childbirth, and the chemotherapy process. Treatment for hair loss varies depending on the type of alopecia, deficiency, or excess of structures such as vitamins and minerals, and also on hair and skin structure. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by low amounts of saturated fat, animal protein, and high amounts of unsaturated fat, fiber, polyphenols, and antioxidants. The main nutrients found in the Mediterranean Diet are rich in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory components. It also has an important place in hair loss treatment, since recently treatment strategies have included polyphenols and unsaturated oils more and more frequently. The goal of this work was to review published articles examining alopecia and its types, the many micronutrients that affect alopecia, and the role of the Mediterranean diet in alopecia. The literature shows that little is known about hair loss, nutritional factors, and diet, and that the data collected are conflicting. Given these differences, research into the function of diet and nutrition in the treatment of baldness is a dynamic and growing topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- NURIYE GOKCE
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - NESLIHAN BASGOZ
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - SERCAN KENANOGLU
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - HILAL AKALIN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - YUSUF OZKUL
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - MAHMUT CERKEZ ERGOREN
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - TOMMASO BECCARI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
| | - MUNIS DUNDAR
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Correspondence: Munis Dundar, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey. E-mail:
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16
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Pinto S, Correia-de-Sá T, Sampaio-Maia B, Vasconcelos C, Moreira P, Ferreira-Gomes J. Eating Patterns and Dietary Interventions in ADHD: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204332. [PMID: 36297016 PMCID: PMC9608000 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, affecting ~7% of children and adolescents. Given its adverse health outcomes and high healthcare and societal costs, other treatment options beyond pharmacotherapy have been explored. Case-control studies have shown that dietary patterns may influence the risk of ADHD, and specific dietary interventions have been proposed as coadjuvant treatments in this disorder. These include nutritional supplements, gut microbiome-targeted interventions with biotics, and elimination diets. The purpose of this review is to examine which dietary patterns are most associated with ADHD and to summarize the existing evidence for the clinical use of dietary interventions. The literature showed that non-healthy dietary patterns were positively associated with ADHD, whereas healthy patterns were negatively associated. As for nutritional supplements, only vitamin D and vitamin D + magnesium appeared to improve ADHD symptoms when baseline levels of vitamin D were insufficient/deficient. Regarding biotics, evidence was only found for Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and for multi-species probiotic supplementation. Elimination diets have scarce evidence and lead to nutritional deficiencies, so caution is advised. Overall, more robust scientific evidence is required for these dietary interventions to be implemented as part of ADHD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pinto
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Correia-de-Sá
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- INEB—Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Vasconcelos
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- Nutrition Service, University Hospital Center of São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-074-320
| | - Joana Ferreira-Gomes
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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17
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Elmehy D, Elmansory BM, Gamea GA, Abdelhai DI, Abd-elsalam SM, Salamah AM, Ata DS, Mahmoud EF, Ibrahim HA, Salama AM. The Fire Under the Ash: Parasitic infections as potential risk factors for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1983187/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) represents a mysterious neuropsychiatric alarming concern due to indefinite etiopathogenesis among children. Notably, the studies which investigated the correlation between ADHD and parasitic infections are insufficient. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the correlation between ADHD and some tissue dwelling and intestinal parasitic infections in children. The study was conducted on 200 children, including 100 children suffering from ADHD (Group I) and 100 healthy children as a control group (Group II). All caregivers fulfilled predesigned sociodemographic form and Conners parent rating scale (CPRS-48) questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine hemoglobin level as well as relative eosinophilic count. The presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG and anti-Toxocara IgG in serum by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was further investigated. Also, micronutrients as zinc, iron, and copper levels were measured. Schistosoma antigen was investigated in urine samples. Stool samples were subjected to direct wet smear, concentration technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen (MZN) staining for coccidian parasites detection. Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica antigens were investigated in stool samples. Group I expressed more liability to sociodemographic risk factors, decreased levels of Hb, iron, zinc, and copper with statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). Comparison between Group I and Group II regarding the detected parasitic infections exhibited statistically significant difference except Schistosoma antigen positivity which expressed no statistical significance. The present study concluded that the parasitic infections with their consequences are potential risk factors in children with ADHD indicating that their early diagnosis and treatment may help in ADHD prevention.
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18
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Matrov D, Kurrikoff T, Villa I, Sakala K, Pulver A, Veidebaum T, Shimmo R, Harro J. Association of Impulsivity With Food, Nutrients, and Fitness in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:1014-1025. [PMID: 35977538 PMCID: PMC9743963 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulsivity is a psychiatric vulnerability factor strongly associated with substance abuse but also with unhealthy diet. Whether these associations extend to specific nutrients is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the longitudinal association between diet, cardiorespiratory fitness, and 2 impulsivity dimensions in a representative sample of south Estonian adolescents and young adults. Impulsivity and dietary intake were measured 3 times in 2 birth cohorts at regular intervals in individuals aged 15 to 33 years. METHODS The sample included 2 birth cohorts of the longitudinal Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study. The analytic sample size consisted of 2883 observations (56.4% females). The primary outcomes were adaptive and maladaptive impulsivity scores measured by an original 24-item Likert-type questionnaire. Impulsivity scores were predicted from the food diaries data converted into nutrient categories. A linear mixed-effects approach was used to model the time dependence between observations. RESULTS Lower maladaptive impulsivity was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (β = -.07; 95% CI = -0.12; -0.03). Higher maladaptive impulsivity was associated with lower dietary intake of zinc (β = -.10; -0.15; -0.06) and vegetables (β = -.04; -0.07; -0.01) and higher intake of sodium (β = .06; 0.02; 0.10). Vitamin B6 was positively associated with adaptive impulsivity (β = .04; 0.01; 0.07). Additionally, some of the adjusted models showed significant but weak associations with selenium, alcohol, fish, and cereal products. CONCLUSIONS Food choice may affect the neurochemistry and therefore regulate the manifestations of impulsivity. We identified associations between several (micro)nutrients and maladaptive impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Matrov
- Tallinn University Centre of Excellence in Neural and Behavioural Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Kurrikoff
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Chair of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Inga Villa
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katre Sakala
- Tallinn University Centre of Excellence in Neural and Behavioural Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia,Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Aleksander Pulver
- Tallinn University Centre of Excellence in Neural and Behavioural Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Research Centre, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ruth Shimmo
- Tallinn University Centre of Excellence in Neural and Behavioural Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Correspondence: Jaanus Harro, MD, PhD, Chair of Neuropsychopharmacology, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A Chemicum, 50411 Tartu, Estonia ()
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19
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Porras CA, Rouault TA. Iron Homeostasis in the CNS: An Overview of the Pathological Consequences of Iron Metabolism Disruption. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094490. [PMID: 35562883 PMCID: PMC9104368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis disruption has increasingly been implicated in various neurological disorders. In this review, we present an overview of our current understanding of iron metabolism in the central nervous system. We examine the consequences of both iron accumulation and deficiency in various disease contexts including neurodegenerative, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychological disorders. The history of animal models of iron metabolism misregulation is also discussed followed by a comparison of three patients with a newly discovered neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in iron regulatory protein 2.
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20
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Rojo-Marticella M, Arija V, Alda JÁ, Morales-Hidalgo P, Esteban-Figuerola P, Canals J. Do Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Follow a Different Dietary Pattern than That of Their Control Peers? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061131. [PMID: 35334788 PMCID: PMC8949924 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. A current area of interest is the association between ADHD and food consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the food consumption and dietary patterns of children with and without ADHD in relation to their age and ADHD presentation. The study involved 259 preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years old (57 with ADHD and 202 controls) and 475 elementary-school-age children, aged 10 to 12 years old (213 with ADHD and 262 controls) from Spain. ADHD was diagnosed in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) from Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children interviews. Eating data were collected using a food consumption frequency questionnaire, and principal component analysis was carried out to analyze dietary patterns. Western-like, sweet, and healthy patterns were identified. The ADHD group was negatively associated with the healthy pattern (p < 0.001) and positively associated with the Western-like diet (p = 0.004). Children with inattentive presentation showed lower adherence (12.2%) to a healthy pattern than that of the control group (39.9%) (p < 0.001). There is an association between ADHD and dietary habits; children with inattentive presentation may particularly be at risk of unhealthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Rojo-Marticella
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (V.A.); (P.M.-H.); (P.E.-F.)
- Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (V.A.); (P.M.-H.); (P.E.-F.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - José Ángel Alda
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Unit, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Children and Adolescent Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Morales-Hidalgo
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (V.A.); (P.M.-H.); (P.E.-F.)
- Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Patricia Esteban-Figuerola
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (V.A.); (P.M.-H.); (P.E.-F.)
- Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43201 Reus, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (V.A.); (P.M.-H.); (P.E.-F.)
- Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University (URV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence:
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21
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Tang S, Zhang G, Ran Q, Nie L, Liu X, Pan Z, He L. Quantitative susceptibility mapping shows lower brain iron content in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2495-2502. [PMID: 35107194 PMCID: PMC9057088 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the feasibility of quantitative susceptibility mapping in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 53 children with ADHD aged 5–16 years were prospectively selected as the study group and 49 healthy children matched with age and gender were selected as the control group. All children underwent magnetic resonance imaging conventional sequence, 3D‐T1, and enhanced T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance angiography (ESWAN) sequence scanning. The iron content of brain regions was obtained through software postprocessing, and the iron content of brain regions of children with ADHD and healthy children was compared and analyzed to find out the characteristics of the iron content of brain regions of children with ADHD. The iron content in frontal lobe, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, putamen, and hippocampus of children with ADHD was lower than that of healthy children (p < .05). There was no significant difference in the content of iron in the left and right brain regions of children with ADHD (p > .05). The volume of frontal lobe and hippocampus of children with ADHD was lower than that of healthy children (p < .05). Iron content in brain areas such as globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, and putamen could distinguish children with ADHD (Area under curve [AUC] > 0.5, p < .05). Quantitative susceptibility mapping showed decreased iron content in some brain regions of children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Tang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiying Ran
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Lisha Nie
- GE Healthcare, MR Research China, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxia Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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Quantitative susceptibility mapping reveals brain iron deficiency in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a whole-brain analysis. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:3726-3733. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Zavadenko N, Suvorinova N, Batysheva T, Bykova O, Platonova A, Gaynetdinova D, Levitina E, Mashin V, Vakula I, Maximova N. Results of a multicentre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Mexidol in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children (MEGA). Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:75-86. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202212204175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Nayak S, Sahu S, Patra S, John J. Assessment of Copper and Zinc Levels in Hair and Urine of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case-Control Study in Eastern India. Cureus 2021; 13:e20692. [PMID: 35106229 PMCID: PMC8786440 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuro-developmental ailment diagnosed with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. It is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders and has complex aetiology, both genetic and environmental. There is a perceived decrease in skill acquirement, leading to insufficient income and job opportunities as adults, which drives them towards poor physical and mental outcomes compared to their contemporaries without ADHD. The impact of heavy metals on ADHD is a topic of interest but is much less studied. Copper has been implicated as a pro-oxidant and in the metal accelerated production of free radicals that may affect oxidative stress. Zinc also serves as an antioxidant, and changes in its concentrations may impact the homeostasis of oxidative stress. Methods Twenty-four children diagnosed with ADHD were taken as cases and matched with 24 healthy controls. Hair and urine samples were collected from all the study participants. The samples were collected in sterile containers according to established protocols. Acid digestion of hair samples was done using 65% nitric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide. Urine samples were extracted by a solution of 0.1% Triton-X-100 and 1% ultrapure nitric acid. The levels of zinc and copper were determined in both samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The copper/zinc ratio (Cu/Zn) was calculated from these values. Mann Whitney U Test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were done to estimate statistical significance. Results The median age of the study population was eight years. Overall, 34 male and 14 female subjects participated. There was no significant difference in height, weight and BMI between the cases and controls. Hair zinc levels in the ADHD group (198.49 µg g-1 of hair) was significantly lower than the control group (527.05 µg g-1 of hair). However, hair copper levels were increased significantly in the ADHD children (14.01 µg g-1 of hair) compared to the controls (7.43 µg g-1 of hair). Urine zinc levels were significantly lower in cases than controls (525.7 µg g-1 of spot urine creatinine vs 1374.09 µg g-1 of spot urine creatinine). However, copper levels in urine were higher in the ADHD children (17.01 µg g-1 of spot urine creatinine compared to 7.26 µg g-1 of spot urine creatinine in controls). Both hair and urine copper to zinc ratio was significantly higher in the ADHD group. On ROC analysis, the hair Cu/Zn ratio had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.920 (p-value <0.001), and the urine Cu/Zn ratio had an AUC of 0.967 (p-value <0.001). When used as a diagnostic classifier for ADHD based on the cut-off value determined by ROC, both hair and urine Cu/Zn ratio had high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Low zinc levels in the urine and hair of children and higher levels of copper may impact the aetiology of ADHD in these children. At an early stage, the Cu/Zn ratio in both hair and urine samples may be used as a precise biomarker to identify and monitor such children.
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The Role of Iron and Zinc in the Treatment of ADHD among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114059. [PMID: 34836314 PMCID: PMC8618748 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder common from childhood to adulthood, affecting 5% to 12% among the general population in developed countries. Potential etiological factors have been identified, including genetic causes, environmental elements and epigenetic components. Nutrition is currently considered an influencing factor, and several studies have explored the contribution of restriction and dietary supplements in ADHD treatments. Iron is an essential cofactor required for a number of functions, such as transport of oxygen, immune function, cellular respiration, neurotransmitter metabolism (dopamine production), and DNA synthesis. Zinc is also an essential trace element, required for cellular functions related to the metabolism of neurotransmitters, melatonin, and prostaglandins. Epidemiological studies have found that iron and zinc deficiencies are common nutritional deficits worldwide, with important roles on neurologic functions (poor memory, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness), finicky appetite, and mood changes (sadness and irritability). Altered levels of iron and zinc have been related with the aggravation and progression of ADHD. Objective: This is a systematic review focused on the contribution of iron and zinc in the progression of ADHD among children and adolescents, and how therapies including these elements are tolerated along with its effectiveness (according to PRISMA guidelines). Method: The scientific literature was screened for randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 to July 2021. The databases consulted were Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality and risk of bias (CONSORT, NICE, and Cochrane checklists used). Conclusion: Nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected. Evidence was obtained regarding the contribution of iron-zinc supplementation in the treatment of ADHD among young individuals. The discussion was focused on how the deficits of these elements contribute to affectation on multiple ADHD correlates, and potential mechanisms explaining the mediational pathways. Evidence also suggested that treating ADHD with diet interventions might be particularly useful for specific subgroups of children and adolescents, but further investigations of the effects of these diet interventions are needed.
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Palonko R. STUDIES OF MAGNESIUM AND PHOSPHORUS COMBINED MEDICATION BASED ON CASEIN. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. The Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Animals, named after Academician Guly NUBIP of Ukraine, developed magnesium and phosphorus combined medication based on casein. Our aim was to test its bioavailability based on the ability to be hydrolyzed by a mixture of pancreatic digestive enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin, also check the absence of cytotoxic effects on cell cultures. Methods. To assess bioavailability, we used hydrolysis of the medication with a mixture of trypsin and chymotrypsin, followed by detection of hydrolysis products by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A standard MTT-test performed on both MT-4 and Namalva cell lines was used to assess cytotoxic effects. Results. Based on electrophoresis data, it was found that despite chemical modifications of the natural casein, the medication based on it is characterized by a high ability to hydrolyze by digestive enzymes under the same conditions as casein. Also, an MTT-test demonstrates that the medication has no cytotoxic properties against cell lines MT-4 and Namalva. Conclusions. Since the negative effects of the drug associated with its digestibility and toxicity have not been observed, it is recommended to continue the study of its effects on living organisms.
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Tarnacka B, Jopowicz A, Maślińska M. Copper, Iron, and Manganese Toxicity in Neuropsychiatric Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157820. [PMID: 34360586 PMCID: PMC8346158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper, manganese, and iron are vital elements required for the appropriate development and the general preservation of good health. Additionally, these essential metals play key roles in ensuring proper brain development and function. They also play vital roles in the central nervous system as significant cofactors for several enzymes, including the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other enzymes that take part in the creation and breakdown of neurotransmitters in the brain. An imbalance in the levels of these metals weakens the structural, regulatory, and catalytic roles of different enzymes, proteins, receptors, and transporters and is known to provoke the development of various neurological conditions through different mechanisms, such as via induction of oxidative stress, increased α-synuclein aggregation and fibril formation, and stimulation of microglial cells, thus resulting in inflammation and reduced production of metalloproteins. In the present review, the authors focus on neurological disorders with psychiatric signs associated with copper, iron, and manganese excess and the diagnosis and potential treatment of such disorders. In our review, we described diseases related to these metals, such as aceruloplasminaemia, neuroferritinopathy, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) and other very rare classical NBIA forms, manganism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ephedrone encephalopathy, HMNDYT1-SLC30A10 deficiency (HMNDYT1), HMNDYT2-SLC39A14 deficiency, CDG2N-SLC39A8 deficiency, hepatic encephalopathy, prion disease and “prion-like disease”, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Tarnacka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-603944804
| | - Anna Jopowicz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maria Maślińska
- Department of Early Arthritis, Eleonora Reicher National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
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Nadeem MS, Murtaza BN, Al-Ghamdi MA, Ali A, Zamzami MA, Khan JA, Ahmad A, Rehman MU, Kazmi I. Autism - A Comprehensive Array of Prominent Signs and Symptoms. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1418-1433. [PMID: 33494665 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210120095829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental condition characterized by multiple psychological and physiological impairments in young children. According to the recent reports, 1 out of every 58 newly-born children is suffering from autism. The aetiology of the disorder is complex and poorly understood, hindering the adaptation of targeted and effective therapies. There are no well- established diagnostic biomarkers for autism. Hence the analysis of symptoms by the pediatricians plays a critical role in the early intervention. METHODS In the present report, we have emphasized 24 behavioral, psychological and clinical symptoms of autism. RESULTS Impaired social interaction, restrictive and narrow interests, anxiety, depression; aggressive, repetitive, rigid and self-injurious behavior, lack of consistency, short attention span, fear, shyness and phobias, hypersensitivity and rapid mood alterations, high level of food and toy selectivity; inability to establish friendships or follow the instructions; fascination by round spinning objects and eating non-food materials are common psychological characteristics of autism. Speech or hearing impairments, poor cognitive function, gastrointestinal problems, weak immunity, disturbed sleep and circadian rhythms, weak motor neuromuscular interaction, lower level of serotonin and neurotransmitters, headache and body pain are common physiological symptoms. CONCLUSION A variable qualitative and quantitative impact of this wide range of symptoms is perceived in each autistic individual, making him/her distinct, incomparable and exceptional. Selection and application of highly personalized medical and psychological therapies are therefore recommended for the management and treatment of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam A Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akbar Ali
- College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University Rafha 1321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalaluddin A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University Rafha 1321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mujaddad Ur Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Blom B, Ferrari E, Tangoulis V, Mayer CR, Klein A, Stoumpos CC. 25th Anniversary of Molecules-Recent Advances in Inorganic Chemistry. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092589. [PMID: 33946693 PMCID: PMC8124245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Celebrating the "25th Anniversary of Molecules" with a Special Issue dedicated to "Recent Advances in Inorganic Chemistry" strengthens the renewed role that inorganic chemistry, one of the oldest chemistry divisions, has lately earned thanks to cutting-edge perspectives and interdisciplinary applications, eventually receiving the veneration and respect which its age might require [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Burgert Blom
- Maastricht Science Programme, Assistant Professor of Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Maastricht University, Kapoenstraat 2, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Erika Ferrari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Cédric R. Mayer
- Laboratoire LuMin, FRE CNRS 2036, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, ENS Paris-Saclay, Centrale Supelec, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay CEDEX, France;
| | - Axel Klein
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, 50939 Köln, Germany;
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Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Okubo H, Sasaki S, Tokinobu A, Arakawa M. Maternal metal intake during pregnancy and childhood behavioral problems in Japan: the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:1641-1649. [PMID: 33568010 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1885241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lower maternal metal intake during pregnancy might affect childhood development. The current prebirth cohort study investigated the relationship between maternal intake of zinc, magnesium, iron, copper, and manganese during pregnancy and behavioral problems in Japanese children aged five years. METHODS Subjects were 1199 mother-child pairs. Dietary intake during the preceding month was assessed using a diet history questionnaire. Emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, and peer problems and low prosocial behavior were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Maternal age, gestation at baseline, region of residence, number of children, maternal and paternal education, household income, maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy, maternal alcohol intake during pregnancy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, child's birth weight, child's sex, breastfeeding duration, smoking in the household during the first year of life, and some dietary confounders that were associated with outcomes under study in this population were adjusted for. RESULTS Compared with maternal magnesium intake during pregnancy in the first quartile, magnesium intake in the second, third, and fourth quartiles was independently inversely related to childhood hyperactivity problems, but not to emotional, conduct, or peer problems or low prosocial behavior: the adjusted odds ratio between extreme quartiles was 0.48 (95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.99, P for trend = 0.04). No evident associations were observed between maternal intake of zinc, iron, copper, or manganese during pregnancy and childhood emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, or peer problems or low prosocial behavior. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that higher maternal magnesium intake during pregnancy is inversely associated with hyperactivity problems in Japanese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Research Promotion Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan.,Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Research Promotion Unit, Translational Research Center, Ehime University Hospital, Ehime, Japan.,Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hitomi Okubo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Health Promotion, National Institute of Public Health, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tokinobu
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.,Center for Data Science, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masashi Arakawa
- Wellness Research Fields, Faculty of Global and Regional Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,The Department of Cross Cultural Studies, Osaka University of Tourism, Okinawa, Japan
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