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Forghani S, Almasi H. Characterization and performance evaluation of colorimetric pH-sensitive indicator based on Ҡ-carrageenan/quince seed mucilage hydrogel as freshness/spoilage monitoring of rainbow trout fillet. Food Chem 2024; 457:140072. [PMID: 38905838 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The aim of research was to fabricate a novel indicator by using κ-carrageenan and quince seed mucilage (QSM) hydrogels and red cabbage anthocyanin. The porosity of the hydrogel was controlled using different ratios of κ-carrageenan(C):QSM(Q) (C90:Q10, C70:Q30, and C50:Q50). The hardness of hydrogels decreased from 28.6 ± 0.3 N for C90Q10 to 11.0 ± 1.0 N for C50Q50 sample. However, according to field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis, the C50R50 sample had the best morphology with smooth surface and uniform interconnected porous network. Hydrogen bonding interactions among anthocyanins, QSM, and κ-carrageenan were confirmed by Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The indicator showed a color variation from red to yellow over the pH range of 2-12. Also, the indicator exhibited high sensitivity to ammonia vapors (SRGB = 115%) and good color stability. The C50QRA indicator was used for monitoring rainbow trout fillet spoilage and revealed a visually-detectable color change from red to green upon detecting total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content produced throughout storage at 4 °C. Generally, the halochromic hydrogel developed in this research can be suggested as a more sensitive and accurate freshness indicator than conventional indicator solid supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Forghani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, P.O. Box 57561-51818, Iran
| | - Hadi Almasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, P.O. Box 57561-51818, Iran.
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2
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Lv X, Huang Y, Hu M, Wang Y, Dai D, Ma L, Zhang Y, Dai H. Recent advances in nanocellulose based hydrogels: Preparation strategy, typical properties and food application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134015. [PMID: 39038566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has been favored as one of the most promising sustainable nanomaterials, due to its competitive advantages and superior performances such as hydrophilicity, renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, tunable surface features, excellent mechanical strength, and high specific surface area. Based on the above properties of nanocellulose and the advantages of hydrogels such as high water absorption, adsorption, porosity and structural adjustability, nanocellulose based hydrogels integrating the benefits of both have attracted extensive attention as promising materials in various fields. In this review, the main fabrication strategies of nanocellulose based hydrogels are initially discussed in terms of different crosslinking methods. Then, the typical properties of nanocellulose based hydrogels are comprehensively summarized, including porous structure, swelling ability, adsorption, mechanical, self-healing, smart response performances. Especially, relying on these properties, the general application of nanocellulose based hydrogels in food field is also discussed, mainly including food packaging, food detection, nutrient embedding delivery, 3D food printing, and enzyme immobilization. Finally, the safety of nanocellulose based hydrogel is summarized, and the current challenges and future perspectives of nanocellulose based hydrogels are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Lv
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Mengtao Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Difei Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liang Ma
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongjie Dai
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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3
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An N, Zhou W. Sodium alginate/ager colourimetric film on porous substrate layer: Potential in intelligent food packaging. Food Chem 2024; 445:138790. [PMID: 38382255 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Colourimetric indicators have potential applications in monitoring food freshness and offer a simple, rapid, effective, and economical approach. Blending sodium alginate (SA) with agar (AG), an ideal choice for solid substrates in colourimetric indicators, can modify mechanical compliance and optical properties. However, the limitations in the water-sustaining capacity and dye migration of hydrogel substrates significantly impede the scalability and commercial application of these indicators. In this study, we designed and prepared a bilayer-structured indicator featuring an SA/AG colourimetric film on a porous Polypropylene fluoride (PVDF)/SiO2 encapsulation film. This design aims to enhance the water-sustaining capacity and reduce dye migration from the SA/AG colourimetric film. The PVDF/SiO2 composite film was prepared using a peeling-assisted phase-conversion process, which enabled the indicator to selectively allow gas, but not water, to pass through its porous substrate. Furthermore, we tested the layered indicator film by monitoring changes in shrimp freshness. The results revealed significant and distinguishable colour changes in the indicators corresponding to the freshness and spoilage of the shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningli An
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China.
| | - Wentao Zhou
- Faculty of Printing, Packaging Engineering and Digital Media Technology, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
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4
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Yu K, Yang L, Zhang N, Wang S, Liu H. Development of nanocellulose hydrogels for application in the food and biomedical industries: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132668. [PMID: 38821305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
As the most abundant and renewable natural resource, cellulose has attracted significant attention and research interest for the production of hydrogels (HGs). To address environmental issues and emerging demands, the benefits of naturally produced HGs include excellent mechanical properties and superior biocompatibility. HGs are three-dimensional networks created by chemical or physical cross-linking of linear or branched hydrophilic polymers and have high capacity for absorption of water and biological fluids. Although widely used in the food and biomedical fields, most HGs are not biodegradable. Nanocellulose hydrogels (NC-HGs) have been extensively applied in the food industry for detection of freshness, chemical additives, and substitutes, as well as the biomedical field for use as bioengineering scaffolds and drug delivery systems owing to structural interchangeability and stimuli-responsive properties. In this review article, the sources, structures, and preparation methods of NC-HGs are described, applications in the food and biomedical industries are summarized, and current limitations and future trends are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, China; Institute of Ocean Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
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5
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Jiang J, Ke M, Zhang L, Zhang W, Dong W. In situ synthesis of silver nanoparticles with controllable size distribution and high content in bagasse nanocellulose hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127259. [PMID: 37802436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing an environment-friendly preparation method for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) composite is significant. However, it remains challenges in size adjustment and content improvement of AgNPs. Here, the NaIO4 oxidation and TEMPO-mediated oxidation were applied to bagasse pulp to prepare nanocellulose (NC) with both carboxyl and aldehyde groups. The aldehyde content of NC could be adjusted in the range of 0.21-1.45 mmol/g by different NaIO4 oxidation times. When the carboxyl groups were protonated, NC with a high length-diameter ratio could construct stable hydrogels in a low concentration at 0.5 wt%. The NC hydrogels showed excellent in situ synthesis ability of AgNPs with abundant pore structure. By regulating the carboxyl group content of NC, the size distribution of synthesized AgNPs could be controlled in the range of 7.14-28.6 nm with high content of 6.79-11.0 %. The NC/AgNPs composite hydrogel exhibited high catalytic degradation activity for 4-nitrophenol and antibacterial activity. This approach for constructing NC hydrogel paves the way for AgNPs composite products with adjustable sizes and high contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengzhang Ke
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Weifu Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Meng X, Shen Q, Song T, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Ren A, Yang W. Facile Fabrication of Anthocyanin-Nanocellulose Hydrogel Indicator Label for Intelligent Evaluation of Minced Pork Freshness. Foods 2023; 12:2602. [PMID: 37444340 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a reliable and rapid method for meat freshness detection, nanocellulose (TOCNF) prepared via the TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxidation) oxidation method was used as raw material to prepare hydrogels using Zn2+ coordination and binding. Physicochemical properties such as water absorption and porosity were analyzed. It was further used to select suitable hydrogels for the preparation of indication labels after anthocyanin adsorption, and it was applied in the freshness detection of fresh minced pork. Five percent TOCNF (w/w) aqueous solution was homogenized by high shear for 4 min, and 20% (w/w) zinc chloride solution was added to it, so that the concentration of zinc ions could reach 0.25 mol/L. After standing for 24 h, the hydrogel was obtained with good water absorption and a porous three-dimensional network structure. The activation energies of volatile base nitrogen (TVBN) and anthocyanin indicating label color changes were 59.231 kJ/mol and 69.453 kJ/mol, respectively. The difference between the two is within 25 kJ/mol, so the prepared indicator label can accurately visualize the shelf life of fresh pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyong Meng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qinqin Shen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Teng Song
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Honglei Zhao
- Weifang Inspection and Testing Center, Weifang 261100, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Aiqing Ren
- Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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7
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Singh AK, Itkor P, Lee YS. State-of-the-Art Insights and Potential Applications of Cellulose-Based Hydrogels in Food Packaging: Advances towards Sustainable Trends. Gels 2023; 9:433. [PMID: 37367104 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Leveraging sustainable packaging resources in the circular economy framework has gained significant attention in recent years as a means of minimizing waste and mitigating the negative environmental impact of packaging materials. In line with this progression, bio-based hydrogels are being explored for their potential application in a variety of fields including food packaging. Hydrogels are three-dimensional, hydrophilic networks composed of a variety of polymeric materials linked by chemical (covalent bonds) or physical (non-covalent interactions) cross-linking. The unique hydrophilic nature of hydrogels provides a promising solution for food packaging systems, specifically in regulating moisture levels and serving as carriers for bioactive substances, which can greatly affect the shelf life of food products. In essence, the synthesis of cellulose-based hydrogels (CBHs) from cellulose and its derivatives has resulted in hydrogels with several appealing features such as flexibility, water absorption, swelling capacity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, stimuli sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the most recent trends and applications of CBHs in the food packaging sector including CBH sources, processing methods, and crosslinking methods for developing hydrogels through physical, chemical, and polymerization. Finally, the recent advancements in CBHs, which are being utilized as hydrogel films, coatings, and indicators for food packaging applications, are discussed in detail. These developments have great potential in creating sustainable packaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Singh
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju 26393, Republic of Korea
| | - Pontree Itkor
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju 26393, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Suk Lee
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju 26393, Republic of Korea
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8
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He X, Pu Y, Chen L, Jiang H, Xu Y, Cao J, Jiang W. A comprehensive review of intelligent packaging for fruits and vegetables: Target responders, classification, applications, and future challenges. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:842-881. [PMID: 36588319 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Post-harvest fruits and vegetables are extremely susceptible to dramatic and accelerated quality deterioration deriving from their metabolism and adverse environmental influences. Given their vigorous physiological metabolism, monitoring means are lacking due to the extent that unnecessary waste and damage are caused. Numerous intelligent packaging studies have been hitherto carried out to investigate their potential for fruit and vegetable quality monitoring. This state-of-the-art overview begins with recent advances in target metabolites for intelligent packaging of fruits and vegetables. Subsequently, the mechanisms of action between metabolites and packaging materials are presented. In particular, the exact categorization and function of intelligent packaging of fruits and vegetables, are all extensively and comprehensively described. In addition, for the sake of further research in this field, the obstacles that impede the scaling up and commercialization of intelligent packaging for fruits and vegetables are also explored, to present valuable references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu He
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yijing Pu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Luyao Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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9
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Wang Y, Liu K, Zhang M, Xu T, Du H, Pang B, Si C. Sustainable polysaccharide-based materials for intelligent packaging. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120851. [PMID: 37182951 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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10
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Yang Y, Sha L, Zhao H, Guo Z, Wu M, Lu P. Recent advances in cellulose microgels: Preparations and functionalized applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 311:102815. [PMID: 36427465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are soft, deformable, permeable, and stimuli-responsive microscopic polymeric particles that are now emerging as prospective multifunctional soft materials for delivery systems, interface stabilization, cell cultures and tissue engineering. Cellulose microgels are emerging biopolymeric microgels with unique characteristics such as abound hydroxyl structure, admirable designability, multiscale pore network and excellent biocompatibility. This review summarizes the fabrication strategies for microgel, then highlights the fabrication routes for cellulose microgels, and finally elaborates cellulose microgels' bright application prospects with unique characteristics in the fields of controlled release, interface stabilization, coating, purification, nutrition/drug delivery, and bio-fabrication. The challenges to be addressed for further applications and considerable scope for development in future of cellulose microgels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lishan Sha
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Han Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Zhaojun Guo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Peng Lu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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11
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Cellulose hydrogel development from unbleached oil palm biomass pulps for dermal drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:483-495. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Modeling of Hexavalent Chromium Removal with Hydrophobically Modified Cellulose Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163425. [PMID: 36015682 PMCID: PMC9414996 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are sustainable nanomaterials, obtained by the mechanical disintegration of cellulose, whose properties make them an interesting adsorbent material due to their high specific area and active groups. CNF are easily functionalized to optimize the performance for different uses. The hypothesis of this work is that hydrophobization can be used to improve their ability as adsorbents. Therefore, hydrophobic CNF was applied to adsorb hexavalent chromium from wastewater. CNF was synthetized by TEMPO-mediated oxidation, followed by mechanical disintegration. Hydrophobization was performed using methyl trimetoxysilane (MTMS) as a hydrophobic coating agent. The adsorption treatment of hexavalent chromium with hydrophobic CNF was optimized by studying the influence of contact time, MTMS dosage (0-3 mmol·g-1 CNF), initial pH of the wastewater (3-9), initial chromium concentration (0.10-50 mg·L-1), and adsorbent dosage (250-1000 mg CNF·L-1). Furthermore, the corresponding adsorption mechanism was identified. Complete adsorption of hexavalent chromium was achieved with CNF hydrophobized with 1.5 mmol MTMS·g-1 CNF with the faster adsorption kinetic, which proved the initial hypothesis that hydrophobic CNF improves the adsorption capacity of hydrophilic CNF. The optimal adsorption conditions were pH 3 and the adsorbent dosage was over 500 mg·L-1. The maximum removal was found for the initial concentrations of hexavalent chromium below 1 mg·L-1 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 70.38 mg·g-1 was achieved. The kinetic study revealed that pseudo-second order kinetics was the best fitting model at a low concentration while the intraparticle diffusion model fit better for higher concentrations, describing a multi-step mechanism of hexavalent chromium onto the adsorbent surface. The Freundlich isotherm was the best adjustment model.
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Hu S, Zhi Y, Shan S, Ni Y. Research progress of smart response composite hydrogels based on nanocellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118741. [PMID: 34742444 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, smart-responsive nanocellulose composite hydrogels have attracted extensive attention due to their unique porous substrate, hydrophilic properties, biocompatibility and stimulus responsiveness. At present, the research on smart response nanocellulose composite hydrogel mainly focuses on the selection of composite materials and the construction of internal chemical bonds. The common composite materials and connection methods used for preparation of smart response nanocellulose composite hydrogels are compared according to the different types of response sources such as temperature, pH and so on. The response mechanisms and the application prospects of different response types of nanocellulose composite hydrogels are summarized, and the transformation of internal ions, functional groups and chemical bonds, as well as the changes in mechanical properties such as modulus and strength are discussed. Finally, the shortcomings and application prospects of nanocellulose smart response composite hydrogels are summarized and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Yunfei Zhi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
| | - Shaoyun Shan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada
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14
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Zhang L, Guo L, Wei G. Recent Advances in the Fabrication and Environmental Science Applications of Cellulose Nanofibril-Based Functional Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5390. [PMID: 34576613 PMCID: PMC8469206 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is one of the important biomass materials in nature and has shown wide applications in various fields from materials science, biomedicine, tissue engineering, wearable devices, energy, and environmental science, as well as many others. Due to their one-dimensional nanostructure, high specific surface area, excellent biodegradability, low cost, and high sustainability, cellulose nanofibrils/nanofibers (CNFs) have been widely used for environmental science applications in the last years. In this review, we summarize the advance in the design, synthesis, and water purification applications of CNF-based functional nanomaterials. To achieve this aim, we firstly introduce the synthesis and functionalization of CNFs, which are further extended for the formation of CNF hybrid materials by combining with other functional nanoscale building blocks, such as polymers, biomolecules, nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and two-dimensional (2D) materials. Then, the fabrication methods of CNF-based 2D membranes/films, three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels, and 3D aerogels are presented. Regarding the environmental science applications, CNF-based nanomaterials for the removal of metal ions, anions, organic dyes, oils, and bio-contents are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in this promising research field are discussed. It is expected that this topical review will guide and inspire the design and fabrication of CNF-based novel nanomaterials with high sustainability for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental engineering, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Lei Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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15
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Dastpak A, Ansell P, Searle JR, Lundström M, Wilson BP. Biopolymeric Anticorrosion Coatings from Cellulose Nanofibrils and Colloidal Lignin Particles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41034-41045. [PMID: 34412473 PMCID: PMC8414484 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a process for preparation of cellulose-lignin barrier coatings for hot-dip galvanized (HDG) steel by aqueous electrophoretic deposition. Initially, a solution of softwood kraft lignin and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether was used to prepare an aqueous dispersion of colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) via solvent exchange. Analysis of the dispersion showed that it comprised submicron particles (D = 146 nm) with spherical morphologies and colloidal stability (ζ-potential = -40 mV). Following successful formation, the CLP dispersion was mixed with a suspension of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN, 1 and 2 g·L-1) at a fixed volumetric ratio (1:1, TOCN-CLPs), and biopolymers were deposited onto HDG steel surfaces at different potentials (0.5 and 3 V). The effects of these variables on coating formation, dry adhesion, and electrochemical properties (3.5% NaCl) were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that coalescence of CLPs occurs during the drying of composite coatings, resulting in formation of a barrier layer on HDG steel. The scanning vibrating electrode technique results demonstrated that the TOCN-CLP layers reduced the penetration of the electrolyte (3.5% NaCl) to the metal-coating interface for at least 48 h of immersion, with a more prolonged barrier performance for 3 V-deposited coatings. Additional electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies showed that all four coatings provided increased levels of charge transfer resistance (Rct)-compared to bare HDG steel-although coatings deposited at a higher potential (3 V) and a higher TOCN concentration provided the maximum charge transfer resistance after 15 days of immersion (13.7 cf. 0.2 kΩ·cm2 for HDG steel). Overall, these results highlight the potential of TOCN-CLP biopolymeric composites as a basis for sustainable corrosion protection coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Dastpak
- Hydrometallurgy
and Corrosion, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering
(CMET), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16200, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Philip Ansell
- Materials
Research Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Crymlyn Burrow, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, U.K.
| | - Justin R. Searle
- SPECIFIC,
College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Crymlyn
Burrow, Swansea SA1 8EN, Wales, U.K.
| | - Mari Lundström
- Hydrometallurgy
and Corrosion, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering
(CMET), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16200, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin P. Wilson
- Hydrometallurgy
and Corrosion, Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering
(CMET), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16200, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
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16
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Zhang X, Guo M, Ismail BB, He Q, Jin TZ, Liu D. Informative and corrective responsive packaging: Advances in farm-to-fork monitoring and remediation of food quality and safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5258-5282. [PMID: 34318596 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microbial growth and fluctuations in environmental conditions have been shown to cause microbial contamination and deterioration of food. Thus, it is paramount to develop reliable strategies to effectively prevent the sale and consumption of contaminated or spoiled food. Responsive packaging systems are designed to react to specific stimuli in the food or environment, such as microorganisms or temperature, then implement an informational or corrective response. Informative responsive packaging is aimed at continuously monitoring the changes in food or environmental conditions and conveys this information to the users in real time. Meanwhile, packaging systems with the capacity to control contamination or deterioration are also of great interest. Encouragingly, corrective responsive packaging attempting to mitigate the adverse effects of condition fluctuations on food has been investigated. This packaging exerts its effects through the triggered release of active agents by environmental stimuli. In this review, informative and corrective responsive packaging is conceptualized clearly and concisely. The mechanism and characteristics of each type of packaging are discussed in depth. This review also summarized the latest research progress of responsive packaging and objectively appraised their advantages. Evidently, the mechanism through which packaging systems respond to microbial contamination and associated environmental factors was also highlighted. Moreover, risk concerns, related legislation, and consumer perspective in the application of responsive packaging are discussed as well. Broadly, this comprehensive review covering the latest information on responsive packaging aims to provide a timely reference for scientific research and offer guidance for presenting their applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingming Guo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Balarabe B Ismail
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tony Z Jin
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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17
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Colorimetric ammonia (NH 3) sensor based on an alginate-methylcellulose blend hydrogel and the potential opportunity for the development of a minced pork spoilage indicator. Food Chem 2021; 362:130151. [PMID: 34087707 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on alginate and methylcellulose were developed as a colorimetric indicator for monitoring minced pork spoilage. The hydrogel was fabricated by an external gelation method using Ca2+ as the crosslinking agent. The pH-sensitive dye bromothymol blue was incorporated into the hydrogel to act as an indicator. The hydrogel's swelling index increased with an increasing ratio of methylcellulose, suggesting that the water uptake capacity is tunable by the polymer composition. The hydrogel's compression strength is directly proportional to the alginate content. The hydrogel indicator demonstrated a color change from orange to yellow (day 6) upon detecting total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) built up in the package during minced pork storage at 4 °C, and the results showed a positive correlation between the color change, TVB-N and pH change of minced pork. This result demonstrated the potential application of the hydrogel as a spoilage indicator in intelligent packaging.
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18
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Baniasadi H, Ajdary R, Trifol J, Rojas OJ, Seppälä J. Direct ink writing of aloe vera/cellulose nanofibrils bio-hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118114. [PMID: 34044931 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct-ink-writing (DIW) of hydrogels has become an attractive research area due to its capability to fabricate intricate, complex, and highly customizable structures at ambient conditions for various applications, including biomedical purposes. In the current study, cellulose nanofibrils reinforced aloe vera bio-hydrogels were utilized to develop 3D geometries through the DIW technique. The hydrogels revealed excellent viscoelastic properties enabled extruding thin filaments through a nozzle with a diameter of 630 μm. Accordingly, the lattice structures were printed precisely with a suitable resolution. The 3D-printed structures demonstrated significant wet stability due to the high aspect ratio of the nano- and microfibrils cellulose, reinforced the hydrogels, and protected the shape from extensive shrinkage upon drying. Furthermore, all printed samples had a porosity higher than 80% and a high-water uptake capacity of up to 46 g/g. Altogether, these fully bio-based, porous, and wet stable 3D structures might have an opportunity in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Rubina Ajdary
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jon Trifol
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FIN-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland; Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Jukka Seppälä
- Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
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19
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Mietner JB, Jiang X, Edlund U, Saake B, Navarro JRG. 3D printing of a bio-based ink made of cross-linked cellulose nanofibrils with various metal cations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6461. [PMID: 33742068 PMCID: PMC7979872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present an approach to cross-link cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with various metallic cations (Fe3+, Al3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) to produce inks suitable for three-dimensional (3D) printing application. The printability of each hydrogel ink was evaluated, and several parameters such as the optimal ratio of Mn+:TOCNF:H2O were discussed. CNF suspensions were produced by mechanical disintegration of cellulose pulp with a microfluidizer and then oxidized with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO). Finally, metal cations were introduced to the deprotonated TEMPO-oxidized CNF (TOCNF) suspension to cross-link the nanofibrils and form the corresponding hydrogels. The performances of each gel-ink were evaluated by rheological measurements and 3D printing. Only the gels incorporated with divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ were suitable for 3D printing. The 3D printed structures were freeze-dried and characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The better interaction of the TOCNFs with the divalent metallic cations in terms of printability, the viscoelastic properties of the inks, and the variation trends owing to various metal cations and ratios are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuehe Jiang
- Institute of Wood Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrica Edlund
- Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bodo Saake
- Institute of Wood Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Barbash VA, Yashchenko OV, Gondovska AS, Deykun IM. Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose obtained by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of organosolv pulp from reed stalks. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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21
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Wen Y, Xu Z, Liu Y, Corke H, Sui Z. Investigation of food microstructure and texture using atomic force microscopy: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2357-2379. [PMID: 33336971 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review recent applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize microstructural and textural properties of food materials. Based on interaction between probe and sample, AFM can image in three dimensions with nanoscale resolution especially in the vertical orientation. When the scanning probe is used as an indenter, mechanical features such as stiffness and elasticity can be analyzed. The linkage between structure and texture can thus be elucidated, providing the basis for many further future applications of AFM. Microstructure of simple systems such as polysaccharides, proteins, or lipids separately, as characterized by AFM, is discussed. Interaction of component mixtures gives rise to novel properties in complex food systems due to development of structure. AFM has been used to explore the morphological characteristics of such complexes and to investigate the effect of such characteristics on properties. Based on insights from such investigations, development of food products and manufacturing can be facilitated. Mechanical analysis is often carried out to evaluate the suitability of natural or artificial materials in food formulations. The textural properties of cellular tissues, food colloids, and biodegradable films can all be explored at nanometer scale, leading to the potential to connect texture to this fine structural level. More profound understanding of natural food materials will enable new classes of fabricated food products to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Wen
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zekun Xu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Harold Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China.,Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhongquan Sui
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Lu P, Yang Y, Liu R, Liu X, Ma J, Wu M, Wang S. Preparation of sugarcane bagasse nanocellulose hydrogel as a colourimetric freshness indicator for intelligent food packaging. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 249:116831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Padzil FNM, Lee SH, Ainun ZMA, Lee CH, Abdullah LC. Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Resources in Nanocellulose Hydrogel Production for Versatile Applications: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1245. [PMID: 32164150 PMCID: PMC7085086 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is considered the cheapest natural fiber with good properties and exists abundantly in Malaysia. It has great potential as an alternative main raw material to substitute woody plants. On the other hand, the well-known polymeric hydrogel has gathered a lot of interest due to its three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked network with high porosity. However, some issues regarding its performance like poor interfacial connectivity and mechanical strength have been raised, hence nanocellulose has been introduced. In this review, the plantation of oil palm in Malaysia is discussed to show the potential of OPEFB as a nanocellulose material in hydrogel production. Nanocellulose can be categorized into three nano-structured celluloses, which differ in the processing method. The most popular nanocellulose hydrogel processing methods are included in this review. The 3D printing method is taking the lead in current hydrogel production due to its high complexity and the need for hygiene products. Some of the latest advanced applications are discussed to show the high commercialization potential of nanocellulose hydrogel products. The authors also considered the challenges and future direction of nanocellulose hydrogel. OPEFB has met the requirements of the marketplace and product value chains as nanocellulose raw materials in hydrogel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Nadia Mohammad Padzil
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seng Hua Lee
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zuriyati Mohamed Asa’ari Ainun
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ching Hao Lee
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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24
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Patiño-Masó J, Serra-Parareda F, Tarrés Q, Mutjé P, Espinach FX, Delgado-Aguilar M. TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers: A Potential Bio-Based Superabsorbent for Diaper Production. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091271. [PMID: 31489948 PMCID: PMC6781086 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-use plastics are expected to disappear, mainly due to the rise of stricter regulations to combat their impact on the environment. As an example, the recent European Directive on Single-Use-Plastics (SUP) will be implemented between 2021 and 2024 and will directly prohibit the use of some SUP. Baby diapers are one of the most used single-used products in our daily lives, and it is estimated that most of the ~4000 diapers that each baby uses in their life go to landfill. Such diapers usually contain superabsorbent polymers (SAP) that are based on acrylic acid-acrylamide mixtures with high water retention capacity, but they are neither bio-based nor biodegradable. In this work, we have developed bio-based superabsorbent aerogels made of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) and propose their potential use in baby diapers. TEMPO-oxidized CNF at different oxidation degrees were prepared and tested. The obtained CNF exhibited higher free swelling capacity (FSC) than the commercial fluff pulp (ranging from 117.62% to 245.21% higher) and also than the diaper absorbent, except for CNF-5 (ranging from 31.56% to 54.55%), even under compression. Overall, the present work shows a case study where CNF could have a potential application with market opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Patiño-Masó
- IRQV Institute, Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Emili Grahit, 77-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Ferran Serra-Parareda
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Pere Mutjé
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - F Xavier Espinach
- PRODIS Research group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61-17003 Girona, Spain.
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