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Cioffredi LA, Garner B, Maxwell JR, Merhar S, Peralta-Carcelen M, Scott LS, Sisodia M, DeMauro SB. Infant and early childhood physical health assessments in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101414. [PMID: 39032415 PMCID: PMC11315127 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Many prenatal and early childhood exposures impact both later physical health and development. Moreover, early deficits in physical health, such as growth and vision, are associated with differences in brain development, language and cognitive functioning. For these reasons, the HBCD Study includes measures of early childhood physical health, many of which have clinical relevance, and are applicable for use as both predictors and outcomes. Study measures assess a broad range of physical health domains and include both objective measurement of child growth and health and subjective caregiver report of behaviors and attitudes about constructs known to influence growth and physical development. Lastly, we obtain caregiver report of the child's routine medical care as well as acute and chronic medical issues. We anticipate that these data will contextualize the impact of child physical growth and health on child brain development and function. In this report we present the rationale for each domain and an overview of the physical health measures included in the current HBCD Study protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh-Anne Cioffredi
- University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Vermont Children's Hospital, United States.
| | - Bailey Garner
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, United States
| | - Jessie R Maxwell
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, United States
| | - Stephanie Merhar
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, United States
| | | | - Lisa S Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, United States
| | | | - Sara B DeMauro
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, United States
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Wu D, Shead H, Ren Y, Raynor P, Tao Y, Villanueva H, Hung P, Li X, Brookshire RG, Eichelberger K, Guille C, Litwin AH, Olatosi B. Uncovering the Complexity of Perinatal Polysubstance Use Disclosure Patterns on X: Mixed Methods Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e53171. [PMID: 39302713 DOI: 10.2196/53171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, polysubstance use among pregnant women is prevalent, with 38.2% of those who consume alcohol also engaging in the use of one or more additional substances. However, the underlying mechanisms, contexts, and experiences of polysubstance use are unclear. Organic information is abundant on social media such as X (formerly Twitter). Traditional quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as natural language processing techniques, can be jointly used to derive insights into public opinions, sentiments, and clinical and public health policy implications. OBJECTIVE Based on perinatal polysubstance use (PPU) data that we extracted on X from May 1, 2019, to October 31, 2021, we proposed two primary research questions: (1) What is the overall trend and sentiment of PPU discussions on X? (2) Are there any distinct patterns in the discussion trends of PPU-related tweets? If so, what are the implications for perinatal care and associated public health policies? METHODS We used X's application programming interface to extract >6 million raw tweets worldwide containing ≥2 prenatal health- and substance-related keywords provided by our clinical team. After removing all non-English-language tweets, non-US tweets, and US tweets without disclosed geolocations, we obtained 4848 PPU-related US tweets. We then evaluated them using a mixed methods approach. The quantitative analysis applied frequency, trend analysis, and several natural language processing techniques such as sentiment analysis to derive statistics to preview the corpus. To further understand semantics and clinical insights among these tweets, we conducted an in-depth thematic content analysis with a random sample of 500 PPU-related tweets with a satisfying κ score of 0.7748 for intercoder reliability. RESULTS Our quantitative analysis indicates the overall trends, bigram and trigram patterns, and negative sentiments were more dominant in PPU tweets (2490/4848, 51.36%) than in the non-PPU sample (1323/4848, 27.29%). Paired polysubstance use (4134/4848, 85.27%) was the most common, with the combination alcohol and drugs identified as the most mentioned. From the qualitative analysis, we identified 3 main themes: nonsubstance, single substance, and polysubstance, and 4 subthemes to contextualize the rationale of underlying PPU behaviors: lifestyle, perceptions of others' drug use, legal implications, and public health. CONCLUSIONS This study identified underexplored, emerging, and important topics related to perinatal PPU, with significant stigmas and legal ramifications discussed on X. Overall, public sentiments on PPU were mixed, encompassing negative (2490/4848, 51.36%), positive (1884/4848, 38.86%), and neutral (474/4848, 9.78%) sentiments. The leading substances in PPU were alcohol and drugs, and the normalization of PPU discussed on X is becoming more prevalent. Thus, this study provides valuable insights to further understand the complexity of PPU and its implications for public health practitioners and policy makers to provide proper access and support to individuals with PPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Wu
- Department of Integrated Information Technology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Hannah Shead
- Department of Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Phyllis Raynor
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Youyou Tao
- Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Harvey Villanueva
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Peiyin Hung
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Robert G Brookshire
- Department of Integrated Information Technology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Kacey Eichelberger
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC, United States
- Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, United States
| | - Constance Guille
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Alain H Litwin
- School of Medicine Greenville, University of South Carolina, Greenville, SC, United States
- Prisma Health, Greenville, SC, United States
| | - Bankole Olatosi
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Ooi KJ, Taylor RM, Fenton S, Hutchesson MJ, Collins CE. Evaluating Validated Diet Quality Indices Used in Pregnant Women in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae073. [PMID: 38899508 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Diet quality indices (DQIs) assess the level of adherence to dietary recommendations and a specified dietary pattern in populations; however, there is limited evidence regarding the construct criteria and validation methodology of DQIs used in pregnant women. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to (i) identify and describe characteristics of DQIs that have been validated for use in pregnant women in high-income countries, and (ii) evaluate criteria used to develop DQIs and validation methodologies employed. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, Embase, Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were systematically searched for eligible articles published between 1980 and November 2022 that focused on DQIs validated for use in pregnant women from high-income countries. DATA EXTRACTION Characteristics, development criteria, and validation methodologies used in the included articles were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. DATA ANALYSIS A narrative synthesis and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the review findings. Reporting was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. RESULTS Six articles with 5 validated DQIs were identified. In total, 3777 participants were included - five articles had pregnant women aged 31-50 years and in their second trimester. Food frequency questionnaires were used as the dietary assessment method in all studies, and 3 DQIs were used to assess dietary intake at 1 time point, using 2 different dietary assessment methods. No indices fulfilled preferred features for the DQI development criteria developed by Burggraf et al (2018). Construct validity was assessed by all DQIs, followed by criterion validity (n = 4) and test-retest reliability (n = 2). CONCLUSION Limited high-quality validated DQIs for use in pregnant women in high-income countries were identified. Scoring for DQI components were not specific to nutrient requirements for pregnant women. Findings from this review may inform the development of DQIs that evaluate specific dietary requirements and specific food safety considerations applicable to pregnancy. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://osf.io/u2hrq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee June Ooi
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Rachael M Taylor
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Sasha Fenton
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Vieiros M, Navarro-Tapia E, Ramos-Triguero A, García-Meseguer À, Martínez L, García-Algar Ó, Andreu-Fernández V. Analysis of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes genetic variants and RAR/RXR expression in patients diagnosed with fetal alcohol syndrome: a case-control study. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:610. [PMID: 38886650 PMCID: PMC11184718 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying alcohol metabolism and its regulation, including the effect of polymorphisms in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, is crucial for research on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. The aim of this study was to identify specific single nucleotide polymorphisms in key alcohol-metabolizing enzymes in a cohort of 71 children, including children with fetal alcohol syndrome, children prenatally exposed to ethanol but without fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and controls. We hypothesized that certain genetic variants related to alcohol metabolism may be fixed in these populations, giving them a particular alcohol metabolism profile. In addition, the difference in certain isoforms of these enzymes determines their affinity for alcohol, which also affects the metabolism of retinoic acid, which is key to the proper development of the central nervous system. Our results showed that children prenatally exposed to ethanol without fetal alcohol spectrum disorder traits had a higher frequency of the ADH1B*3 and ADH1C*1 alleles, which are associated with increased alcohol metabolism and therefore a protective factor against circulating alcohol in the fetus after maternal drinking, compared to FAS children who had an allele with a lower affinity for alcohol. This study also revealed the presence of an ADH4 variant in the FAS population that binds weakly to the teratogen, allowing increased circulation of the toxic agent and direct induction of developmental abnormalities in the fetus. However, both groups showed dysregulation in the expression of genes related to the retinoic acid pathway, such as retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor, which are involved in the development, regeneration, and maintenance of the nervous system. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the interplay between alcohol metabolism, the retinoic acid pathway and genetic factors in the development of fetal alcohol syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Vieiros
- Grup de Recerca Infància i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- IdiPAZ - Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Department de Cirurgia i Especialitats Mèdico-Quirúrgiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Navarro-Tapia
- IdiPAZ - Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Anna Ramos-Triguero
- Grup de Recerca Infància i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àgueda García-Meseguer
- Grup de Recerca Infància i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Martínez
- IdiPAZ - Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Grup de Recerca Infància i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andreu-Fernández
- Grup de Recerca Infància i Entorn (GRIE), Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Biosanitary Research Institute, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain.
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Gandhi UH, Benjamin A, Gajjar S, Hirani T, Desai K, Suhagia BB, Ahmad R, Sinha S, Haque M, Kumar S. Alcohol and Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e62270. [PMID: 39006719 PMCID: PMC11246185 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The scientific literature dealing with alcohol and alcoholic beverages revealed that these drinks possess an adverse impact on periodontal tissues. Additionally, other principal risk factors include tobacco, smoking, poor oral hygiene, etc. It has been observed that among chronic alcoholics, there are further issues, such as mental, social, and physical effects, that promote alcoholism. These people may have weak immunity for defense against pathogenic organisms and bacteria. Thus, chances of gingival bleeding, swollen gums, bad breath, and increased bone loss are there. Different alcoholic beverages in the market cause less salivation; these beverages contain sugars that promote acid production in the oral cavity by pathogens that demineralize the enamel and damage gum and teeth. This chronic alcohol consumption can progress into different types of oral disorders, including cancer, halitosis, and caries, and is also associated with tobacco and smoking. Chronic alcohol consumption can cause alteration of the oral microbiome and increase oral pathogens, which lead to periodontal disease and an environment of inflammation created in the body due to malnutrition, diminished immunity, altered liver condition, brain damage, and gut microbiota alteration. Heavily colored alcoholic beverages produce staining on teeth and, due to less saliva, may cause other toxic effects on the periodontium. Over-dependency on alcohol leads to necrotizing lesions such as necrotizing gingivitis, necrotizing periodontitis, and necrotizing stomatitis. These pathological impairments instigate severe damage to oral structures. Therefore, proper counseling by the attending dental surgeon and related health professionals is urgently required for the patient on the basis that the individual case needs to go away from the regular heavy consumption of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav H Gandhi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Amit Benjamin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Shreya Gajjar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Tanvi Hirani
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Khushboo Desai
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Bansariben B Suhagia
- Department of Periodontology, Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Rahnuma Ahmad
- Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Susmita Sinha
- Department of Physiology, Enam Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
| | - Mainul Haque
- Department of Research, Karnavati Scientific Research Center, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
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Kanmodi KK, Amzat J, Aminu K. Theories, determinants, and intervention models and approaches on inequalities of undernutrition amongst under fives: A literature review. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2078. [PMID: 38690007 PMCID: PMC11058263 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims One of the greatest public health problems of the 21st century is undernutrition in children under the age of 5 years (CAUFY). Globally, over 232 million CUAFY are undernourished and approximately 45% of mortality in this population are undernutrition-induced. This paper reviewed and critically explained the factors perpetuating undernutrition in CUAFY in the global space. It further explained the multi-level determinants that influence health inequalities and consequently exacerbate undernutrition amongst CUAFY globally. It also went further to explain the intervention models and approaches that can be used to tackle undernutrition in CUAFY. Methods/Literature Search Strategy Demiris et al.'s approach to narrative review was utilized for this paper. Relevant articles on child nutrition were retrieved from multiple credible databases and websites of foremost health organizations. Using an iterative process, multiple combinations of search terms were done by stringing relevant key terms and their synonyms with Boolean Operators. This process was constantly refined to align search results with the study aim. Database search produced relevant and resourceful publications which were utilized to develop this review. Results The global burden of undernutrition remains high, especially in Oceania with the highest prevalence of stunting and wasting (41.4% and 12.5%), with Africa and Asia following closely. Malnutrition eradication is a global health issue of high priority as demonstrated by the "Goal 2" of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the United Nations (UN) Decade of Action on Nutrition 2016-2025. The review identified no significant positive outcome from previous interventions due to the endemic health inequalities. Determinants of the multi-level health inequalities associated with undernutrition in CUAFY, and probable solutions are explained with theoretical models of health inequalities. A diagonal intervention approach was proposed as a viable solution to ending undernutrition in CUAFY. Conclusion The application of relevant theoretical models and context-specific intervention approaches can be utilized by stakeholders to close the existing inequality gaps, thereby reducing undernutrition amongst CUAFY globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
- School of DentistryUniversity of RwandaKigaliRwanda
- Child Health and Wellbeing (CHAW) ProgramCephas Health Research Initiative IncIbadanNigeria
- Faculty of DentistryUniversity of PuthisastraPhnom PenhCambodia
- School of Health and Life SciencesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbroughUK
| | - Jimoh Amzat
- Department of SociologyUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokotoNigeria
| | - Kafayat Aminu
- Center for Child and Adolescent Mental HealthUniversity College HospitalIbadanNigeria
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Unar A, Sahito OM, Alsawalha L, Afridi HI, Ataya FS, Bashir MS, Fouad D, Talpur FN, Ali N. Determination of Toxic Elements in Cannabinoid and Opioid Drugs and Their Impact on Addicts' Health: A Comparative Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04096-6. [PMID: 38383917 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Drug addiction is associated with significant health risks, including cardiovascular complications, cancer, and mental disorders. Illicit drugs, such as cannabinoids and opioids, including prescription medications, are widely consumed and have profound health consequences. Understanding the health effects of the toxic elements in these substances is critical for overdose prevention and effective recovery strategies. This study aimed to determine toxic elements, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni), in cannabinoid and opioid drugs and in biological samples (whole blood, scalp hair, and serum) from 311 male drug abuse patients aged 15-60 years with a history of drug abuse. The participants were categorized into three age groups. The comparative analysis involved 113 reference subjects of the same age groups. The sample preparation employed microwave-assisted acid digestion, and the toxic elements were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Accuracy was ensured using certified reference materials for hair, whole blood, and serum samples. Drug-addicted subjects had significantly higher concentrations of toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and nickel) in biological samples than referent subjects (p > 0.001). Elevated levels of these toxic elements may increase susceptibility to infections, possibly due to malnutrition, drug-related effects, and additional contaminants. These findings necessitate further studies to explore the long-term health outcomes, potential treatment options, and broader socioeconomic impacts of substance abuse. This study serves as a baseline for future research in this critical public health field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsanullah Unar
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Oan Muhammad Sahito
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | | | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Bashir
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 22452, 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Naz Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ali
- Department of Political Science, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', 81100, Caserta, Italy
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Li S, Ding J, Sun X, Feng L, Zhou W, Gui Z, Mao J. Selenium Concentration Is Positively Associated with Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index in Adults: Data from NHANES 2011-2018. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:401-409. [PMID: 37145256 PMCID: PMC10764531 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Compiling evidence supports that selenium plays a vital role in glucose metabolism. Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) are commonly used in epidemiologic studies to evaluate insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. This study is aimed to investigate the association between whole blood selenium concentration and TyG and TyG-BMI. A total of 6290 participants (age ≥ 20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 were included. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the association between blood selenium quartiles and TyG and TyG-BMI. Subgroup analysis stratified by diabetes status was also performed. The adjusted model showed a positive association between TyG and blood selenium concentration (β [95%CI] = 0.099 [0.063, 0.134], p < 0.001) and TyG-BMI (β [95%CI] = 3.185 [2.102, 4.268], p < 0.001). The association persisted after stratification by diabetes status (p < 0.001). Participants were stratified into four quartiles based on selenium concentration (Q1: 1.08-2.24 μmol/L, Q2: 2.25-2.42 μmol/L, Q3: 2.43-2.62 µmol/L, Q4: 2.63-8.08). Compared with the Q1 group, TyG in the Q3 and Q4 groups was significantly higher (β = 0.075 [95%CI 0.039 to 0.112] and β = 0.140 [95%CI 0.103 to 0.176], respectively). Additionally, TyG-BMI in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups was higher than that in the Q1 group (β = 1.189 [95%CI 0.065 to 2.314], β = 2.325 [95%CI 1.204 to 3.446], and β = 4.322 [95%CI 3.210 to 5.435], respectively). Blood level of selenium was positively associated with TyG and TyG-BMI, indicating that excessive blood selenium may be associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- Department of Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Zhen Gui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jiangfeng Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Goncalves-Garcia M, Hamilton DA. Unraveling the complex relationship between prenatal alcohol exposure, hippocampal LTP, and learning and memory. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1326089. [PMID: 38283699 PMCID: PMC10811250 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1326089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been extensively studied for its profound impact on neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive outcomes. While PAE, particularly at moderate levels, has long-lasting cognitive implications for the exposed individuals, there remains a substantial gap in our understanding of the precise mechanisms underlying these deficits. This review provides a framework for comprehending the neurobiological basis of learning and memory processes that are negatively impacted by PAE. Sex differences, diverse PAE protocols, and the timing of exposure are explored as potential variables influencing the diverse outcomes of PAE on long-term potentiation (LTP). Additionally, potential interventions, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, are reviewed, offering promising avenues for mitigating the detrimental effects of PAE on cognitive processes. While significant progress has been made, further research is required to enhance our understanding of how prenatal alcohol exposure affects neural plasticity and cognitive functions and to develop effective therapeutic interventions for those impacted. Ultimately, this work aims to advance the comprehension of the consequences of PAE on the brain and cognitive functions.
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White B, Sirohi S. A Complex Interplay between Nutrition and Alcohol use Disorder: Implications for Breaking the Vicious Cycle. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1822-1837. [PMID: 38797900 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128292367240510111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 16.5% of the United States population met the diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder (SUD) in 2021, including 29.5 million individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Individuals with AUD are at increased risk for malnutrition, and impairments in nutritional status in chronic alcohol users can be detrimental to physical and emotional well-being. Furthermore, these nutritional deficiencies could contribute to the never-ending cycle of alcoholism and related pathologies, thereby jeopardizing the prospects of recovery and treatment outcomes. Improving nutritional status in AUD patients may not only compensate for general malnutrition but could also reduce adverse symptoms during recovery, thereby promoting abstinence and successful treatment of AUD. In this review, we briefly summarize alterations in the nutritional status of people with addictive disorders, in addition to the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and clinical implications regarding the role of nutritional intervention in recovery from alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke White
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
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11
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Jagtap A, Jagtap B, Jagtap R, Lamture Y, Gomase K. Effects of Prenatal Stress on Behavior, Cognition, and Psychopathology: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e47044. [PMID: 38022302 PMCID: PMC10643752 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress is increasingly recognized as a significant factor impacting an individual's life from the beginning. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationship between prenatal stress and its effects on behaviour, cognition, and psychopathology. Key findings reveal that prenatal stress can lead to a wide range of adverse outcomes in offspring, including neurodevelopmental disorders, emotional dysregulation, cognitive deficits, mood disorders, and an increased risk of psychopathological conditions. These effects' mechanisms involve epigenetic modifications, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, neurodevelopmental alterations, inflammatory processes, and changes in brain structure and function. Moreover, moderating factors such as maternal stress levels, maternal mental health, socioeconomic status, social support, and early-life adversity can significantly influence the impact of prenatal stress. The review also discusses intervention and prevention strategies, emphasizing the importance of prenatal stress reduction programs, maternal mental health support, nutritional interventions, and targeted early interventions for at-risk populations. These findings have substantial implications for public health and clinical practice, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to prenatal care that prioritizes maternal well-being and mitigates the lasting effects of prenatal stress. Addressing this critical issue promises healthier generations and stronger communities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Jagtap
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Balasaheb Jagtap
- Medical Intern, Annasaheb Chaudaman Patil Memorial Medical College, Dhule, IND
| | - Rajlaxmi Jagtap
- Medical Student, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Sangali, IND
| | - Yashwant Lamture
- Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, wardha, IND
| | - Kavita Gomase
- Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing, Srimati Radhikabai Meghe Memorial College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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12
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Cinquina V, Keimpema E, Pollak DD, Harkany T. Adverse effects of gestational ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid imbalance on the programming of fetal brain development. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13320. [PMID: 37497857 PMCID: PMC10909496 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a key medical challenge of our time. The increasing number of children born to overweight or obese women is alarming. During pregnancy, the circulation of the mother and her fetus interact to maintain the uninterrupted availability of essential nutrients for fetal organ development. In doing so, the mother's dietary preference determines the amount and composition of nutrients reaching the fetus. In particular, the availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), chiefly their ω-3 and ω-6 subclasses, can change when pregnant women choose a specific diet. Here, we provide a succinct overview of PUFA biochemistry, including exchange routes between ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs, the phenotypes, and probable neurodevelopmental disease associations of offspring born to mothers consuming specific PUFAs, and their mechanistic study in experimental models to typify signaling pathways, transcriptional, and epigenetic mechanisms by which PUFAs can imprint long-lasting modifications to brain structure and function. We emphasize that the ratio, rather than the amount of individual ω-3 or ω-6 PUFAs, might underpin physiologically correct cellular differentiation programs, be these for neurons or glia, during pregnancy. Thereupon, the PUFA-driven programming of the brain is contextualized for childhood obesity, metabolic, and endocrine illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cinquina
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Erik Keimpema
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniela D. Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and NeuropharmacologyCenter for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular NeurosciencesCenter for Brain Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Deaprtment of NeuroscienceBiomedicum 7D, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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13
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Visnhieski JC, Senesi LG, de Fraga FS, do Amaral VF. The use of contraceptives and their nutritional impact on medical students. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e2023S119. [PMID: 37556638 PMCID: PMC10413974 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.2023s119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the impact of contraceptives on medical students at the Federal University of Paraná and verify adherence, consequences, and lifestyle effects of the contraceptive method used. METHODS This is an observational, cross-sectional study in which 214 participants answered an online questionnaire composed of 30 questions. For statistical analysis, the Stata® 16.0 software was used, and the mean and standard deviation were estimated to characterize continuous variables with a normal distribution and percentages for categorical variables. For group-to-group comparisons, a one-way ANOVA was used for normal continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. RESULTS Almost 10% (9.3%) of women used condoms only, and double protection (condom+oral contraceptives) corresponds to 23.4%. Of the 214 participants, 38 reported making exclusive use of long-acting reversible contraception, and 13.6% of the interviewees used oral contraceptives exclusively. More than 88% of the interviewees believe that the medical course provided adequate education on contraception. Regarding lifestyle habits, 71.5% of the students reported alcohol intake, tobacco use, and/or other drug use. CONCLUSION There was a great diversity of combinations between contraceptive methods used by the medical student at Federal University of Paraná, the most prevalent being the oral contraceptive associated with male condoms. There was a greater association in the use of long-acting reversible contraception in married students. Although 88.3% of the participants believed that they had a good education about contraception at university, only half of them use condoms in sexual relationships. The rate of adherence to alcohol and tobacco among students is considerable, and such practices can negatively affect a nutritional profile, a healthy lifestyle, and safe sexual practices. Brazilian medical schools are fundamental for the advancement of medical education in contraception and for the creation of public policies on family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenira Gaede Senesi
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Health Science Sector – Curitiba (PR), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Schier de Fraga
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Health Science Sector – Curitiba (PR), Brazil
| | - Vivian Ferreira do Amaral
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Health Science Sector – Curitiba (PR), Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Postgraduation Program in Obstetrics and Gynecology – Curitiba (PR), Brazil
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El Bilbeisi AH, Abo Khosa SM, Taleb MH, El Afifi AM. Assessment of serum, dietary zinc levels, and other risk factors during the third trimester among pregnant women with and without pregnancy-induced hypertension: a case-control study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1155529. [PMID: 37342547 PMCID: PMC10277684 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1155529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study assessed serum, dietary zinc levels, and other risk factors during the third trimester among pregnant women with and without pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Methods This case-control study was conducted in 2022, in the three main Obstetrics and Gynecology departments in Gaza Strip, Palestine. One hundred sixty pregnant women, during the third trimester, aged ≥20 years, were selected using a convenient sampling method. Data were obtained using an interview-based questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire, anthropometric measures, and biochemical tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Results The participants' mean age was 30.7 ± 5.6 years. A total of 47 (58.8%) of cases and 6 (7.5%) of controls were insufficiently active; and the mean of blood pressure (mmHg) was 133.3 ± 11.9/85.11 ± 10.0 for cases and 112.8 ± 9.5/68.02 ± 7.2 for controls with significant differences between the two groups (P = <0.005). The mean serum zinc level (μg/dl) was 67.15 ± 16.5 for cases and 68.45 ± 18.0 for controls without significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.636). For newborns, the mean birth weight (g) was 2,904.6 ± 486 for cases, and 3,128.3 ± 501 for controls, and the mean Apgar score was 8.03 ± 0.62 for cases and 8.30 ± 1.17 for controls, with significant differences between the two groups (P = <0.005). Furthermore, 43 (53.8%) of cases have family history of hypertension; 5 (6.2%) were primiparous; 19 (23.8%) have previous caesarian section; 33 (41.2%) have history of preeclampsia; and 62 (77.5%) have edema, with significant differences between the two groups (P = <0.005). Additionally, the total zinc dietary daily intake (mg/day) was 4.15 ± 2.10 for cases and 4.88 ± 3.02 for controls, with significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.041). After adjustment for confounding variables, participants in the case group have higher odds of having low total zinc dietary intake compared to those in the control group [OR = 1.185, 95% CI = (1.016-1.382), P = 0.030]. Conclusion The current study showed the main risk factors of PIH among pregnant women in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Furthermore, low maternal dietary zinc intake was associated with a high level of PIH. Moreover, having PIH could increase the risk of low birth weight and low Apgar scores. Therefore, reducing the main risk factors of PIH could reduce the adverse effect on both mother and birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Hamid El Bilbeisi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra, Oman
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Al-Azhar University – Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Sahar M. Abo Khosa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Al-Azhar University – Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Mahmoud H. Taleb
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University – Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
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15
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Aprigio J, de Castro CML, Lima MAC, Ribeiro MG, Orioli IM, Amorim MR. Mothers of children with Down syndrome: a clinical and epidemiological study. J Community Genet 2023; 14:189-195. [PMID: 36562914 PMCID: PMC10104982 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-022-00627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is the main genetic cause of intellectual disability. Many studies describe the clinical characteristics of DS patients; however, few have investigated the clinical profile of mothers who have children with DS. Advanced maternal age (≥ 35 years old) is a risk factor for DS. Although there is an overall increase in pregnancies among women with advanced maternal age, there is still a lack of awareness of the increased risk of aneuploidy. Here, we reported the clinical and epidemiological profile of DS children and their mothers in a public reference hospital in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For data collection, we performed a face-to-face interview guided by a structured questionnaire with closed-ended questions. A total of 344 individuals, 172 mothers and their DS children, were included in this study. Our results show that 56% of the mothers sampled were ≥ 35 years of age at childbirth. Although 98% of them received prenatal care, only 4% obtained a prenatal diagnosis of DS. Most mothers reported not drinking alcohol or smoking cigarettes during pregnancy. Furthermore, 91% of women took prenatal vitamins and supplements; however, 47% were not aware of their benefits for a healthy pregnancy. Given the strict correlation between advanced maternal age and DS, prenatal care should include genetic counseling for women over 35 years of age. This study highlights the importance of prenatal care and the urgent need for better DS screening allowing for immediate postnatal care, positively impacting the life expectancy of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joissy Aprigio
- INAGEMP, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Humana, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina M L de Castro
- Laboratório de Genética Humana, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Costa Lima
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia G Ribeiro
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iêda M Orioli
- INAGEMP, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia R Amorim
- Laboratório de Genética Humana, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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16
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Steane SE, Cuffe JSM, Moritz KM. The role of maternal choline, folate and one-carbon metabolism in mediating the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on placental and fetal development. J Physiol 2023; 601:1061-1075. [PMID: 36755527 PMCID: PMC10952912 DOI: 10.1113/jp283556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol consumption (PAE) may be associated with a broad spectrum of impacts, ranging from no overt effects, to miscarriage, fetal growth restriction and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. A major mechanism underlying the effects of PAE is considered to be altered DNA methylation and gene expression. Maternal nutritional status may be an important factor in determining the extent to which PAE impacts pregnancy outcomes, particularly the dietary micronutrients folate and choline because they provide methyl groups for DNA methylation via one carbon metabolism. This review summarises the roles of folate and choline in development of the blastocyst, the placenta and the fetal brain, and examines the evidence that maternal intake of these micronutrients can modify the effects of PAE on development. Studies of folate or choline deficiency have found reduced blastocyst development and implantation, reduced placental invasion, vascularisation and nutrient transport capability, impaired fetal brain development, and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes. PAE has been shown to reduce absorption and/or metabolism of folate and choline and to produce similar outcomes to maternal choline/folate deficiency. A few studies have demonstrated that the effects of PAE on brain development can be ameliorated by folate or choline supplementation; however, there is very limited evidence on the effects of supplementation in early pregnancy on the blastocyst and placenta. Further studies are required to support these findings and to determine optimal supplementation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Steane
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Karen M. Moritz
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
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17
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Rouzer SK, Gutierrez J, Larin KV, Miranda RC. Alcohol & cannabinoid co-use: Implications for impaired fetal brain development following gestational exposure. Exp Neurol 2023; 361:114318. [PMID: 36627039 PMCID: PMC9892278 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and marijuana are two of the most consumed psychoactive substances by pregnant people, and independently, both substances have been associated with lifelong impacts on fetal neurodevelopment. Importantly, individuals of child-bearing age are increasingly engaging in simultaneous alcohol and cannabinoid (SAC) use, which amplifies each drug's pharmacodynamic effects and increases craving for both substances. However, to date, investigations of prenatal polysubstance use are notably limited in both human and non-human populations. In this review paper, we will address what is currently known about combined exposure to these substances, both directly and prenatally, and identify shared prenatal targets from single-exposure paradigms that may highlight susceptible neurobiological mechanisms for future investigation and therapeutic intervention. Finally, we conclude this manuscript by discussing factors that we feel are essential in the consideration and experimental design of future preclinical SAC studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siara Kate Rouzer
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, United States.
| | - Jessica Gutierrez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
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18
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Morton Ninomiya ME, Almomani Y, Dunbar Winsor K, Burns N, Harding KD, Ropson M, Chaves D, Wolfson L. Supporting pregnant and parenting women who use alcohol during pregnancy: A scoping review of trauma-informed approaches. WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 19:17455057221148304. [PMID: 36744547 PMCID: PMC9905036 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221148304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is legalized and used for a variety of reasons, including socially or as self-medication for trauma in the absence of accessible and safe supports. Trauma-informed approaches can help address the root causes of alcohol use, as well as the stigma around women's alcohol use during pregnancy. However, it is unclear how these approaches are used in contexts where pregnant and/or parenting women access care. Our objective was to synthesize existing literature and identify promising trauma-informed approaches to working with pregnant and/or parenting women who use alcohol. A multidisciplinary team of scholars with complementary expertise worked collaboratively to conduct a rigorous scoping review. All screening, extraction, and analysis was independently conducted by at least two authors before any differences were discussed and resolved through team consensus. The Joanna Briggs Institute method was used to map existing evidence from peer-reviewed articles found in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstracts, and Web of Science. Data were extracted to describe study demographics, articulate trauma-informed principles in practice, and gather practice recommendations. Thirty-six studies, mostly from the United States and Canada, were included for analysis. Studies reported on findings of trauma-informed practice in different models of care, including live-in treatment centers, case coordination/management, integrated and wraparound supports, and outreach-for pregnant women, mothers, or both. We report on how the following four principles of trauma-informed practices were applied and articulated in the included studies: (1) trauma awareness; (2) safety and trustworthiness; (3) choice, collaboration, and connection; and (4) strengths-based approach and skill building. This review advances and highlights the importance of understanding trauma and applying trauma-informed practice and principles to better support women who use alcohol to reduce the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies. Relationships and trust are central to trauma-informed care. Moreover, when applying trauma-informed practices with pregnant and parenting women who use alcohol, we must consider the unique stigma attached to alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody E Morton Ninomiya
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, London, ON, Canada,School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada,Melody E Morton Ninomiya, Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Rm. BA0546, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Yasmeen Almomani
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nicole Burns
- Department of Health Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly D Harding
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada,School of Liberal Arts, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Ropson
- Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada,Labrador-Grenfell Health, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, NL, Canada
| | - Debbie Chaves
- Library, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lindsay Wolfson
- Canada Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Research Network, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Centre of Excellence for Women’s Health, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Meombe Mbolle A, Thapa S, Bukiya AN, Jiang H. High-resolution imaging in studies of alcohol effect on prenatal development. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:10790. [PMID: 37593366 PMCID: PMC10433240 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol syndrome represents the leading known preventable cause of mental retardation. FAS is on the most severe side of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders that stem from the deleterious effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. Affecting as many as 1 to 5 out of 100 children, FASD most often results in brain abnormalities that extend to structure, function, and cerebral hemodynamics. The present review provides an analysis of high-resolution imaging techniques that are used in animals and human subjects to characterize PAE-driven changes in the developing brain. Variants of magnetic resonance imaging such as magnetic resonance microscopy, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, along with positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and photoacoustic imaging, are modalities that are used to study the influence of PAE on brain structure and function. This review briefly describes the aforementioned imaging modalities, the main findings that were obtained using each modality, and touches upon the advantages/disadvantages of each imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Meombe Mbolle
- Department Medical Engineering, College of Engineering and Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shiwani Thapa
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Anna N. Bukiya
- Department Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Huabei Jiang
- Department Medical Engineering, College of Engineering and Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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20
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Saeedfar M, Ardjmand A, Alani B, Ghaderi A, Banafshe HR, Shahaboddin ME, Ghavipanjeh G. The effect of vitamin D on morphine preference in rats: Possible biochemical and DRD2-GDNF signaling. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2877. [PMID: 36630182 PMCID: PMC9927858 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite half a century of research on vitamin D (Vit. D), its link to substance abuse and dependence has only been discussed in recent decades. Evidence also shows the involvement of Vit. D in the evolution of dopaminergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens, an increase in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, and the regulation of dopaminergic processes. The novel idea for this work is taken from a hypothesis given about the effectiveness of Vit. D on dopamine signaling pathway. It is therefore presumed that Vit. D can be considered an effective therapeutic approach for narcotic addiction and substance abuse. METHODS The animals were assigned into six groups (control, vehicle, Morphine [Mor.], and Vit. D [250, 500, and 1000 IU/kg, i.p.]). Following each conditioning session in a conditioned place preference (CPP) model, the animals received Vit. D. Afterward, the locomotor activity of the animals was assessed using open-field apparatus. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiol, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured in the brain. The relative DRD2 and GDNF expressions (%) were also measured in the hippocampus. RESULTS Vit. D administration after Mor. caused a significant increase in the place preference index in the acquisition phase (p < .05). Vit. D altered the oxidation/antioxidation profiles (CAT, SOD, MDA, NO, TAC, and Thiol). Vit. D was more effective than Mor. in the expression of GDNF (p < .0001); however, in the expression of DRD2, this was only the case for 1000 IU Vit. D (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Considering the increased place preference index induced by Mor., it can be concluded that Vit. D interacts via the oxidative pathway and DRD2-GDNF signaling to potentiate the Mor. effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubeh Saeedfar
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ardjmand
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medical, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Esmaeil Shahaboddin
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ghavipanjeh
- Institute for Basic Sciences, Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Ayana GM, Raru TB, Deressa A, Regassa LD, Gamachu M, Negash B, Birhanu A, Merga B. Association of alcohol consumption with abortion among ever-married reproductive age women in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis. Front Glob Womens Health 2022; 3:1028166. [PMID: 36589150 PMCID: PMC9795045 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.1028166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A miscarriage or a spontaneous loss of a pregnancy that occurs before the 20th week is an abortion. Even though numerous recommendations state that pregnant women should abstain from alcohol at all stages of pregnancy, alcohol intake among pregnant women is common. However, there are few papers addressing the effect of alcohol use on miscarriage using nationally representative data. Moreover, the association of alcohol use with abortion and its mechanisms is not well studied in the Ethiopian region. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to estimate the association of alcohol use with abortion rates among reproductive age (15-49) women in Ethiopia. Methods Using the most recent findings of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), secondary data analysis was performed among pregnant women in Ethiopia. A total of 11,396 women between the ages of 15 and 49 years who were of reproductive age were included in the research. To characterize the study population, descriptive statistics were used. The variability was considered using the multilevel binary logistic regression model. A multilevel binary logistic model was used to determine the effect of alcohol intake on abortion while controlling for potential confounders. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant for the response variable. Results The proportion of women who had an abortion was 10.46% with a 95% CI of 9.92-11.03. In the final model of the multilevel analysis, age group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 6.13; 95% CI: 3.86-9.73], education level (AOR = 1.29; 95 and CI: 1.10-1.51), alcohol consumption (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.18-1.61), age at first sex (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03-1.39), media exposure (AOR = 1.28, CI: 1.10-1.48), contraceptive use (AOR = 1.34, CI: 1.16-1.56), and occupation of respondent (AOR = 1.21, CI: 1.06-1.38) were identified to be significant determinants of abortion in Ethiopia. Conclusion Sexual and reproductive health education and family planning programs should target older women in the reproductive age group, women with primary educational status, working women, and those who initiated sexual intercourse at a younger age considering it could reduce abortion and unintended pregnancy. Furthermore, as part of sexual and reproductive health education, the adverse effect of alcohol consumption on abortion should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galana Mamo Ayana
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Temam Beshir Raru
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Temam Beshir Raru
| | - Alemayehu Deressa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Lemma Demissie Regassa
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Gamachu
- School Medicine, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia,Department of Public Health, Rift Valley University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Negash
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdi Birhanu
- School Medicine, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bedasa Taye Merga
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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22
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Umer A, Watson E, Lilly C, Woods S, Lefeber C, Breyel J, John C. Substance Exposure and Adverse Neonatal Outcomes: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Pediatr 2022; 256:70-76. [PMID: 36513212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the independent and combined effects of in utero exposures on birth outcomes in a rural population. STUDY DESIGN The study used population-level data (2020-2022) from a state-wide surveillance tool (Working in Appalachia to identify at-risk infants, Critical congenital heart disease, and Hearing loss) in West Virginia. Outcomes included low birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and birth weight in grams. Exposure included a composite variable with 8 levels of 3 exposure (opioids, stimulants, and cannabis) categories. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic covariates using multiple logistic and linear regression analyses. RESULTS Of the 34 412 singleton live births, 1 in 8 newborns (12.2%) had in utero exposure(s) to opioids, stimulants, and/or cannabis, 11.5% were preterm, 7.9% had low birthweight, 9.6% were small for gestational age, and mean birth weight was 3249 ± 563.6 g. Preterm birth was associated with stimulant alone exposure (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.03-1.89) and stimulant and cannabis concurrent exposure (aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.16, 2.47). Low birthweight was associated with opioids alone (aOR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10, 1.63), cannabis alone (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.13 to -1.52), opioid and cannabis (aOR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.12 to -2.31), and opioids, stimulants, and cannabis concurrent exposures (aOR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.43-3.61). Five exposure categories were associated with lower birth weights (adjusted mean difference range. -72 to -211 g). Small for gestational age was associated with opioids alone (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.24-1.78), cannabis alone (aOR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31-1.69), and opioids and cannabis concurrent exposures (aOR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.36-2.67). CONCLUSIONS We showed complex associations between in utero substance exposures, preterm birth, birth weight, and sociodemographic factors in a rural population. The results may inform policy efforts to improve maternal and child health in socioeconomically disadvantaged and underserved rural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Umer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
| | - Emma Watson
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA
| | - Christa Lilly
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | | | - Candice Lefeber
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Janine Breyel
- West Virginia Perinatal Partnership, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Collin John
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
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Shen Y, Huang H, Wang Y, Yang R, Ke X. Antioxidant effects of Se-glutathione peroxidase in alcoholic liver disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 74:127048. [PMID: 35963055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.127048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative damage induced by ethanol and its metabolites is one of the factors that fuels the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Selenium (Se) is an effective cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and has antioxidant effects that improve ALD. In patients with ALD, ethanol-induced oxidative damage inhibits the synthesis of related Se-containing proteins such as: selenoprotein P (Sepp1), albumin (ALB), and GPx in the liver, thus decreasing the overall Se level in patients. Both Se deficiency and excess can affect the expression of GPx, resulting in damage to the antioxidant defense system. This damage enhances oxidative stress by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body, which aggravates the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism disorder, and lipid peroxidation and worsens ALD symptoms. A cascade of oxidative damages caused by ALD will deplete selenium deposition in the body, stimulate the expression of Gpx1, Sepp1, and Gpx4, and thus mobilize systemic selenoproteins, which can restore GPx activity in the hepatocytes of ALD patients, reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species and alleviate oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism disorder, and lipid peroxidation, thus helping to mitigate ALD. This review provides a reference for future ALD studies that evaluate the regulation of Se levels and contributes to studies on the potential pathological mechanisms of Se imbalance in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyan Shen
- Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research and Utilization on Chinese Meterial, Medical Resources Co-founded by Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chendu, China
| | - Hanmei Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine New Drug Screening, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongping Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine New Drug Screening, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiumei Ke
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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24
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Bradley R, Lakpa KL, Burd M, Mehta S, Katusic MZ, Greenmyer JR. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and Iron Homeostasis. Nutrients 2022; 14:4223. [PMID: 36296909 PMCID: PMC9607572 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure results in a spectrum of behavioral, cognitive, and morphological abnormalities collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). FASD presents with significant phenotypic variability and may be modified by gestational variables such as maternal nutritional status. Iron serves a critical function in the development of and processes within central nervous system (CNS) structures. Gestational iron deficiency alters CNS development and may contribute to neurodevelopmental impairment in FASD. This review explores the relationship between iron deficiency and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder as described in small animal and human studies. Consideration is given to the pathophysiologic mechanisms linking iron homeostasis and prenatal alcohol exposure. Existing data suggest that iron deficiency contributes to the severity of FASD and provide a mechanistic explanation linking these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan Bradley
- School of Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Koffi L. Lakpa
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael Burd
- School of Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201, USA
| | - Sunil Mehta
- Mayo Clinic, Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Psychology, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maja Z. Katusic
- Mayo Clinic, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jacob R. Greenmyer
- Mayo Clinic, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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25
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Robertson OC, Marceau K, Duncan RJ, Shirtcliff EA, Leve LD, Shaw DS, Natsuaki M, Neiderhiser JM, Ganiban JM. Prenatal programming of developmental trajectories for obesity risk and early pubertal timing. Dev Psychol 2022; 58:1817-1831. [PMID: 35727305 PMCID: PMC9593554 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The thrifty phenotype and fetal overnutrition hypotheses are two developmental hypotheses that originated from the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) perspective. The DOHaD posits that exposures experienced prenatally and early in life may influence health outcomes through altering form and function of internal organs related to metabolic processes. Obesity risk and early pubertal timing might be influenced by similar mechanisms. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis is primarily characterized by experiencing a deprivation of nutrients during gestation paired with an energy rich postnatal environment. The fetal overnutrition hypothesis says that obesity experienced prenatally will be associated with increased lifetime risk of obesity in the offspring. Both hypotheses were tested by examining developmental pathways from genetic and prenatal risk through early growth trajectories (birth to 7 years) to pubertal timing at age 11 years. Participants included 361 children adopted at birth (57% male; 57% non-Hispanic White, 11% Black, 9% Hispanic; adoptive family income Mdn = $70,000-$100,000, birth family income Mdn = < $15,000). Associations between boys' childhood body mass index (BMI) and pubertal timing were confounded by genetics, prenatal risk, and early growth. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis was partially supported for boys' childhood BMI (at ages 4 to 7 years). Both hypotheses were partially supported for girls' childhood BMI but not pubertal timing. A novel Gene × Prenatal Risk interaction showed that genetic risk predicted girls' childhood BMI most strongly at adequate compared with at excessive levels of gestational weight gain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristine Marceau
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
| | - Robert J. Duncan
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University
| | | | | | | | - Misaki Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
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26
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Khoshnood-Shariaati M, Ashrafzadeh S, Dastjani-Farahani A, Zamani R, Naseh A. Comparison of Ocular and Brain Abnormalities Among Neonates With In Utero Exposure to Opium or Other Drugs. Cureus 2022; 14:e27648. [PMID: 36072164 PMCID: PMC9439622 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are growing concerns regarding ocular and brain abnormalities in infants who had in utero exposure to various kinds of substances/drugs. We compared the ocular and brain abnormalities among neonates based on the type of drug used by mothers. Methodology This prospective cohort study of 305 neonates included all neonates at Mahdieh Hospital, Tehran, Iran, who had their records for ophthalmic screening and brain sonography and were born to mothers with a history of substance use disorder (2014-2017). Demographic data, results for viral antibodies (human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C, and hepatitis B), and Apgar scores at one and five minutes were collected. We excluded neonates with Apgar score <8 at one minute, weight <1,800 g, gestational age <35 weeks, asphyxia, or anomalies. The neonates’ eyes were examined using tropicamide 0.5%, phenylephrine 2.5%, and tetracaine. Results The prevalence of substance use disorder among pregnant women was 1.8%. The study included 305 neonates with a mean gestational age of 37.8 ± 1.6 weeks, while the mean age of their mothers with substance use disorder was 29.8 ± 6.4 years. Ophthalmologic examination showed that 37 (12%) neonates had abnormal incomplete retina vascularization, and brain abnormalities were seen in 29 (9.5%) neonates; however, no difference was identified based on the type of drug used by mothers. The birth weight (BW) of the neonates depended on the type of drugs used by the mothers (p = 0.027). Maternal use of cannabis and amphetamine were associated with the lowest and highest BWs (2,800 ± 283 and 3,750 ± 42 g), respectively. Conclusions The BW of neonates depended on the type of drugs used by the mothers, where cannabis and amphetamine use were associated with the lowest and highest BWs, respectively. However, our data could not identify if neonates’ ocular and brain abnormalities differed based on the types of drugs. This study highlights the importance of a drug-free pregnancy and the need for addiction-prevention programs provided to women of childbearing age.
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Santos SFMD, Costa ACCD, Araújo RGPDS, Silva LAT, Gama SGND, Fonseca VDM. Factors associated with the adequacy of gestational weight gain among Brazilian teenagers. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:2629-2642. [PMID: 35730834 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022277.17812021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to evaluate the adequacy of total gestational weight gain (GWG) according to maternal characteristics of Brazilian adolescents. It involved a cross-sectional, hospital-based study. A total of 3,904 teenagers with a single fetus gestation and gestational age (GA) at birth ≥ 37 weeks were included. A hierarchical model was built to analyze the dependent and independent variables adequacy of GWG: sociodemographic, care, obstetric and behavioral characteristics. The chances of insufficient GWG were higher for adolescents from the North (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.07-2.10) and Northeast (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.27-2.21). Paid work increased the chances of insufficient (95%CI: 1.15-2.39) and excessive (95%CI: 1.01-1.86) GWG. The pre-pregnancy body mass index of overweight or obese adolescents was associated with excessive GWG (OR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.19-2.92 and OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 2.10-4.45, respectively), as well as GA ≥ 42 weeks (OR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.03-4.81). Living in the North and Northeast regions increases the chances of adolescents having insufficient GWG. Having paid work was associated with a greater chance of excessive and insufficient GWG. Furthermore, pre-pregnancy excess weight or obesity and GA ≥ 42 weeks increased the chances of excessive GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Fernandes Morais Dos Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Rui Barbosa 716, Flamengo. 22250-020 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | - Ana Carolina Carioca da Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Rui Barbosa 716, Flamengo. 22250-020 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | | | - Laís Araújo Tavares Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Rui Barbosa 716, Flamengo. 22250-020 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
| | | | - Vania de Matos Fonseca
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Av. Rui Barbosa 716, Flamengo. 22250-020 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil.
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Tella intake among pregnant and lactating mothers: may it affect child growth? J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e42. [PMID: 35720175 PMCID: PMC9171593 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse among women is a public health importance that may impair prenatal and postnatal growth. Tella is among the most common homemade alcoholic beverages in rural Ethiopia, but little is known about the magnitude of tella intake during pregnancy and lactation or its effects on child growth. The present study investigated associations between maternal tella intake and the growth of their children. A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted with mothers (n 228) and their 12–36-month-old children and with key informants (n 12). Tella intake during most recent pregnancy and lactation was estimated retrospectively by glasses per drinking event and frequency of events. Nearly 80 % of mothers had consumed some amount of tella during their most recent pregnancy and lactation. Furthermore, 72 % of children had tasted or drunk tella at some time during their life. Stunting was 42 % and was significantly associated with maternal tella consumption at least every other day during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4⋅97, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2⋅20, 11⋅25), male sex (AOR 2⋅31, 95 % CI 1⋅27, 4⋅19), two or more under-5-year-old children in the household (AOR 3⋅52, 95 % CI 1⋅49, 8⋅33) and family size >5 (AOR 1⋅84, 95 % CI 1⋅01, 3⋅36). Underweight was 24⋅6 % and was associated with the child drinking tella with their mother (AOR 4⋅23, 95 % CI 1⋅99, 8⋅97), being male (AOR 3⋅73, 95 % CI 1⋅73, 7⋅94), having ≥3 diarrhoeal episodes in the last 3 months (AOR 11⋅83, 95 % CI 4⋅22, 33⋅14) and being in the older age group (AOR 2⋅98, 95 % CI 1⋅09, 8⋅13). The associations between tella intake and child growth suggest the need to mitigate the effects of tella on child anthropometry.
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Key Stakeholder Priorities for the Review and Update of the Australian Guide to Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Descriptive Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105823. [PMID: 35627361 PMCID: PMC9140557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Since the 2016 release of the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), considerable progress has been made in the identification and diagnosis of the disorder. As part of a larger process to review and update the Guide, the aim of this study was to identify review priorities from a broad range of stakeholders involved in the assessment and diagnosis of FASD. Sixty-two stakeholders, including healthcare practitioners, researchers, other specialists, individuals with cultural expertise, lived experience and consumer representatives completed an online survey asking them to describe up to five priorities for the review of the Australian Guide to the Diagnosis of FASD. A total of 267 priorities were described. Content analysis of responses revealed priority areas relating to diagnostic criteria (n = 82, 30.7%), guideline content (n = 91, 34.1%), guideline dissemination (n = 15, 5.6%) and guideline implementation (n = 63, 23.6%). Other considerations included prevention and screening of FASD (n = 16, 6%). Engaging stakeholders in setting priorities will ensure the revised Australian Guide can be as relevant and meaningful as possible for the primary end-users and that it meets the needs of individuals with lived experience who will be most affected by the diagnosis.
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Hen-Herbst L, Ron El Levin M, Senecky Y, Frishman S, Berger A. Nutritionists' Practices and Knowledge about the Risks of Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy: An Israeli Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091885. [PMID: 35565852 PMCID: PMC9100759 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are lifelong disabilities and the leading preventable cause of developmental disabilities. Antenatal care providers may influence pregnant women’s dietary practices and their awareness of the risks of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess nutritionists’ self-reported knowledge about the risks of drinking alcohol during pregnancy, professional practices in this respect, and self-perceived competence to assess and guide women about alcohol consumption during pregnancy in Israel. A sample of 526 professional nutritionists completed an anonymous online questionnaire. Results showed significant differences between the nutritionists’ knowledge and professional practices scores. About 349 (66.3%) of the sample agreed (to any degree) that they did not have enough knowledge to guide pregnant women regarding drinking alcohol. The number of years of experience, combined with self-perceived competence and the mean knowledge score, explained 18% of the variance in professional practices. Nutritionists and other health professionals may have a crucial role in preventing FASD and should prioritize appropriate screening for prenatal alcohol use. Eliminating alcohol consumption at any point in pregnancy would reduce the risk for FASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Hen-Herbst
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Ariel University, Ariel 4077000, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Yehuda Senecky
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Child Development, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva 4920235, Israel;
| | - Sigal Frishman
- Nutrition Department, Hospital Division, Clalit HMO, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel;
| | - Andrea Berger
- Department of Psychology and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel;
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Hăşmăşanu MG, Bolboacă SD, Procopciuc LM, Matyas M, Blaga L, Mureșan D, Zaharie GC. Association of Parental Factors and Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 Polymorphism with Intrauterine Growth Restriction. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9050630. [PMID: 35626807 PMCID: PMC9139154 DOI: 10.3390/children9050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is known to play a role in cell development. Only the paternal IGF2 copy is active, while the copy inherited from the mother is inactive. This study aimed to explore whether maternal and paternal factors influence IGF2 polymorphism in newborns with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA). A cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted from June 2014 to November 2015 at the Neonatology, Gynecology 1 Clinic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The ApaI IGF2 genotypes and allele frequencies were similar in the IUGR and AGA groups (p-value > 0.10). The IUGR babies with a protective IGF2 genetic profile had significantly younger parents (a difference in the median age of 8 years for mothers and 9 years for fathers; p-value < 0.009). The IUGR babies had parents with lower birth weights than AGA babies (mothers’ medians: 2800 g vs. 3100 g; fathers’ medians: 3000 g vs. 3400 g; p-value < 0.02). In univariable regression analysis, the mother’s and father’s birth weight proved to be associated with IUGR. The father’s birth weight proved to be the only factor significantly associated with IUGR, independent of the mother’s birth weight or the presence of a protective IGF2 genetic profile (odd ratio = 0.998 [0.996 to 1.000], p-value = 0.032).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G. Hăşmăşanu
- Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.G.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (G.C.Z.)
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Maria Procopciuc
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Melinda Matyas
- Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.G.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (G.C.Z.)
| | - Ligia Blaga
- Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.G.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (G.C.Z.)
| | - Daniel Mureșan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gabriela C. Zaharie
- Department of Neonatology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.G.H.); (M.M.); (L.B.); (G.C.Z.)
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Untargeted Metabolome Analysis Reveals Reductions in Maternal Hepatic Glucose and Amino Acid Content That Correlate with Fetal Organ Weights in a Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051096. [PMID: 35268071 PMCID: PMC8912878 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes fetal growth restrictions. A major driver of fetal growth deficits is maternal metabolic disruption; this is under-investigated following PAE. Untargeted metabolomics on the dam and fetus exposed to alcohol (ALC) revealed that the hepatic metabolome of ALC and control (CON) dams were distinct, whereas that of ALC and CON fetuses were similar. Alcohol reduced maternal hepatic glucose content and enriched essential amino acid (AA) catabolites, N-acetylated AA products, urea content, and free fatty acids. These alterations suggest an attempt to minimize the glucose gap by increasing gluconeogenesis using AA and glycerol. In contrast, ALC fetuses had unchanged glucose and AA levels, suggesting an adequate draw of maternal nutrients, despite intensified stress on ALC dams. Maternal metabolites including glycolytic intermediates, AA catabolites, urea, and one-carbon-related metabolites correlated with fetal liver and brain weights, whereas lipid metabolites correlated with fetal body weight, indicating they may be drivers of fetal weight outcomes. Together, these data suggest that ALC alters maternal hepatic metabolic activity to limit glucose availability, thereby switching to alternate energy sources to meet the high-energy demands of pregnancy. Their correlation with fetal phenotypic outcomes indicates the influence of maternal metabolism on fetal growth and development.
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Prenatal and Postnatal Choline Supplementation in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030688. [PMID: 35277047 PMCID: PMC8837993 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is common and represents a significant public health burden, yet very few interventions have been tested in FASD. Cognitive deficits are core features of FASD, ranging from broad intellectual impairment to selective problems in attention, executive functioning, memory, visual–perceptual/motor skills, social cognition, and academics. One potential intervention for the cognitive impairments associated with FASD is the essential nutrient choline, which is known to have numerous direct effects on brain and cognition in both typical and atypical development. We provide a summary of the literature supporting the use of choline as a neurodevelopmental intervention in those affected by prenatal alcohol. We first discuss how alcohol interferes with normal brain development. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the nutrient choline and discuss its role in typical brain development and its application in the optimization of brain development following early insult. Next, we review the preclinical literature that provides evidence of choline’s potential as an intervention following alcohol exposure. Then, we review a handful of existing human studies of choline supplementation in FASD. Lastly, we conclude with a review of practical considerations in choline supplementation, including dose, formulation, and feasibility in children.
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Corrales-Gutierrez I, Baena-Antequera F, Gomez-Baya D, Leon-Larios F, Mendoza R. Relationship between Eating Habits, Physical Activity and Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Pregnant Women: Sociodemographic Inequalities. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030557. [PMID: 35276912 PMCID: PMC8839613 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women must maintain or acquire healthy habits during pregnancy to protect both their own health and their child's. Such habits include an adequate eating pattern along with good adherence to the intake of certain supplements, practice of moderate physical activity and avoiding the consumption of toxic products such as tobacco and alcohol. The objective of this study is to assess the interrelation between such habits and their association with sociodemographic variables. To such end, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of pregnant women who attended the scheduled morphology echography consultation at the 20th gestational week in their reference public hospital in the city of Seville (Spain). Results: Younger pregnant women and with lower educational levels are the ones that present the worst eating habits and the highest smoking rate. Pregnant women with lower educational levels are the least active. Non-smoking pregnant women present better eating habits than those who smoke. Pregnant women with lower educational levels are those who accumulate more unhealthy habits during pregnancy. This should be taken into account when planning the health care provided to pregnant women and in public health intersectoral policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Corrales-Gutierrez
- Foetal Medicine Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, 41009 Seville, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisca Baena-Antequera
- Obstetric Unit, University Hospital Virgen de Valme, 41014 Seville, Spain
- Nursing Department, Osuna’s University School, 41640 Osuna, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-615-51-95-65
| | - Diego Gomez-Baya
- Research Group on Health Promotion and Development of Lifestyle across the Life Span, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (D.G.-B.); (R.M.)
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Fatima Leon-Larios
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain;
| | - Ramon Mendoza
- Research Group on Health Promotion and Development of Lifestyle across the Life Span, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain; (D.G.-B.); (R.M.)
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal D Naik
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jehoon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Shannon Washburn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jayanth Ramadoss
- J. Ramadoss, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Department of Physiology, 275 E Hancock St, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Rm 195, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. E-mail:
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Santos SFMD, Costa ACCD, Araújo RGPDS, Silva LAT, Gama SGND, Fonseca VDM. Factors associated with the adequacy of gestational weight gain among Brazilian teenagers. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022277.17812021en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The scope of this article is to evaluate the adequacy of total gestational weight gain (GWG) according to maternal characteristics of Brazilian adolescents. It involved a cross-sectional, hospital-based study. A total of 3,904 teenagers with a single fetus gestation and gestational age (GA) at birth ≥ 37 weeks were included. A hierarchical model was built to analyze the dependent and independent variables adequacy of GWG: sociodemographic, care, obstetric and behavioral characteristics. The chances of insufficient GWG were higher for adolescents from the North (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.07-2.10) and Northeast (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.27-2.21). Paid work increased the chances of insufficient (95%CI: 1.15-2.39) and excessive (95%CI: 1.01-1.86) GWG. The pre-pregnancy body mass index of overweight or obese adolescents was associated with excessive GWG (OR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.19-2.92 and OR = 3.06, 95%CI: 2.10-4.45, respectively), as well as GA ≥ 42 weeks (OR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.03-4.81). Living in the North and Northeast regions increases the chances of adolescents having insufficient GWG. Having paid work was associated with a greater chance of excessive and insufficient GWG. Furthermore, pre-pregnancy excess weight or obesity and GA ≥ 42 weeks increased the chances of excessive GWG.
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Park SE, Jeon YJ, Baek HM. Association between Changes in Cortical Thickness and Functional Connectivity in Male Patients with Alcohol-dependence. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:441-450. [PMID: 34983884 PMCID: PMC8752324 DOI: 10.5607/en21036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported structural or functional brain changes in patients with alcohol-dependence (ADPs). However, there has been an insufficient number of studies that were able to identify functional changes along with structural abnormalities in ADPs. Since neuronal cell death can lead to abnormal brain function, a multimodal approach combined with structural and functional studies is necessary to understand definitive neural mechanisms. Here, we explored regional difference in cortical thickness and their impact on functional connection along with clinical relevance. Fifteen male ADPs who have been diagnosed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) underwent high-resolution T1 and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans together with 15 male healthy controls (HCs). The acquired MRI data were post-processed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT 12) and CONN-fMRI functional connectivity (FC) toolbox with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM 12). When compared with male HCs, the male ADPs showed significantly reduced cortical thickness in the left postcentral gyrus (PoCG), an area responsible for altered resting-state FC patterns in male ADPs. Statistically higher FCs in PoCG-cerebellum (Cb) and lower FCs in PoCG-supplementary motor area (SMA) were observed in male ADPs. In particular, the FCs with PoCG-Cb positively correlated with alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) scores in male ADPs. Our findings suggest that the association of brain structural abnormalities and FC changes could be a characteristic difference in male ADPs. These findings can be useful in understanding the neural mechanisms associated with anatomical, functional and clinical features of individuals with alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Eui Park
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer & Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Jeon
- Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer & Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.,Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
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Barriers to women's disclosure of and treatment for substance use during pregnancy: A qualitative study. Women Birth 2021; 35:576-581. [PMID: 34969637 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of alcohol and or illicit drugs during pregnancy is a complex public health issue. There are many adverse short- and long-term health implications of substance use during pregnancy that can potentially affect the mother-foetal dyad. Although prevention and treatment options - such as counselling, pharmacotherapy, rehabilitation, support and case management and withdrawal management - are available, a range of barriers impedes women's ability to disclose their substance use, which limits access and engagement with available services. OBJECTIVE This research explored barriers women encountered in disclosing substance use and accessing substance use treatment in pregnancy. METHODS Participants were recruited from a longitudinal cohort study of people with a history of injecting drug use from metropolitan Melbourne. One-on-one in-depth interviews with 15 participants were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide. To be included in this study, participants must have reported a history of substance use during one or more of their pregnancies. RESULTS The fear of losing child custody associated with the involvement of the child protection services was one of the main barriers to disclosing substance use during pregnancy and accessing treatment and rehabilitation services. Other barriers including stigma and perceived limited treatment options impacted women in various ways. CONCLUSION Pregnancy is an important time for women and offers opportunities for service providers to support women who are using substances. While not all barriers can be removed, careful consideration of individual cases and circumstances may help service providers to tailor interventions that are likely to be more successful.
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Alberti A, Traebert J, Traebert E, Nodari Junior RJ, Comim CM. Association between gestational period and obesity in children with the use of dermatoglyphic traits: A preliminary study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257153. [PMID: 34499696 PMCID: PMC8428559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Events occurring during the gestational period can influence the development of diseases and conditions such as obesity. This study aimed to analyze the association between events occurring in the gestational period and the occurrence of obesity in children based on dermatoglyphic traits. The sample comprised 73 children born in 2009, living in Palhoça, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil, regularly enrolled in public and private schools in that municipality and who are participants of an ongoing major cohort study project called Coorte Brasil Sul. The results show predictive traits of obesity when comparing BMI and fingerprint groups. Obese male group, presented the figure Ulnar Loop (UL) in the right hand (MDT1) thumb and greater number of ridges in the (MDSQL1) right thumb the greater the BMI; likewise, the older the woman getting pregnant the greater the number of ridges that the child presented in the (MESQL2) left index finger and (MESQL1) right thumb. The results obtained infer the presence of predictive traits of BMI ranges and a possible association between the dermatoglyphic traits of children with obesity and late pregnancy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Alberti
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Southern University of Santa Catarina (PPGCS-UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Traebert
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Southern University of Santa Catarina (PPGCS-UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eliane Traebert
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Southern University of Santa Catarina (PPGCS-UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rudy José Nodari Junior
- Postgraduate program in Biosciences and Health at University of the West of Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Martinelli Comim
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Southern University of Santa Catarina (PPGCS-UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Alcohol induced impairment/abnormalities in brain: Role of MicroRNAs. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:11-23. [PMID: 34478768 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a highly toxic substance and has teratogenic properties that can lead to a wide range of developmental disorders. Excessive use of alcohol can change the structural and functional aspects of developed brain and other organs. Which can further lead to significant health, social and economic implications in many countries of the world. Convincing evidence support the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in neurodevelopment and maintenance. They also show differential expression following an injury. MiRNAs are the special class of small non coding RNAs that can modify the gene by targeting the mRNA and fine tune the development of cells to organs. Numerous pieces of evidences have shown the relationship between miRNA, alcohol and brain damage. These studies also show how miRNA controls different cellular mechanisms involved in the development of alcohol use disorder. With the increasing number of research studies, the roles of miRNAs following alcohol-induced injury could help researchers to recognize alternative therapeutic methods to treat/cure alcohol-induced brain damage. The present review summarizes the available data and brings together the important miRNAs, that play a crucial role in alcohol-induced brain damage, which will help in better understanding complex mechanisms. Identifying these miRNAs will not only expand the current knowledge but can lead to the identification of better targets for the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
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Maya-Enero S, Ramis-Fernández SM, Astals-Vizcaino M, García-Algar Ó. Neurocognitive and behavioral profile of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021; 95:208.e1-208.e9. [PMID: 34456169 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading preventable cause of cognitive deficit in developed countries and can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). This term encompasses a wide range of physical, mental, behavioral, and cognitive effects that result from damage caused by exposure to alcohol during intrauterine life. Alcohol consumption among the general population is common in Eastern European countries and especially among women at risk of social exclusion, who are the ones who lose or give up custody of their children. A high number of these children are adopted in Spain and many of them present neurocognitive and behavioral disorders, causing FASD to be a public health problem in our country. In many occasions this clinical spectrum is delayed or under-diagnosed due to the overlapping of neuropsychological symptoms caused by the abandonment. A neurocognitive and behavioral profile specific for FASD has not been defined and all the symptoms are common to other etiologies. The aim of this work is to review the neuropsychological profile in the diagnosis of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maya-Enero
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Astals-Vizcaino
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, ICGON, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Cirugía y Especialidades Medicoquirúrgicas, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Auger N, Low N, Ayoub A, Lee GE, Luu TM. Maternal Substance Abuse and the Later Risk of Fractures in Offspring: L'abus maternel de substances et le risque ultérieur de fractures chez les enfants. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2021; 66:551-559. [PMID: 33140975 PMCID: PMC8138743 DOI: 10.1177/0706743720970826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of maternal illicit drug abuse before or during pregnancy with future fractures in offspring. METHODS We performed a longitudinal cohort study of 792,022 infants born in hospitals of Quebec, Canada, between 2006 and 2016, with 5,457,634 person-years of follow-up. The main exposure was maternal substance abuse before or during pregnancy, including cocaine, opioid, cannabis, and other illicit drugs. The main outcome measure was hospitalization for traumatic fracture in offspring up to 12 years of age. We used adjusted Cox regression models to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association of maternal drug abuse with the subsequent risk of fracture in children. RESULTS The incidence of child fractures was higher for maternal illicit drug abuse than no drug abuse (21.2 vs. 15.4 per 10,000 person-years). Maternal drug abuse before or during pregnancy was associated with 2.35 times the risk of assault-related fractures (95% CI, 1.29 to 4.27) and 2.21 times the risk of transport accident-related fractures (95% CI, 1.34 to 3.66), compared with no drug abuse. Associations were strongest before 6 months of age for assault-related fractures (HR = 2.14; 95% CI, 0.97 to 4.72) and after 6 years for transport-related fractures (HR = 2.86; 95% CI, 1.35 to 6.05). Compared with no drug abuse, associations with assault and transport-related fractures were elevated for all drugs including cocaine, opioids, and cannabis. CONCLUSIONS Maternal illicit drug abuse is associated with future child fractures due to assault and transport accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Auger
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancy Low
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aimina Ayoub
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ga Eun Lee
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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[Neurocognitive and behavioral profile of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021. [PMID: 33745838 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading preventable cause of cognitive deficit in developed countries and can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). This term encompasses a wide range of physical, mental, behavioral, and cognitive effects that result from damage caused by exposure to alcohol during intrauterine life. Alcohol consumption among the general population is common in Eastern European countries and especially among women at risk of social exclusion, who are the ones who lose or give up custody of their children. A high number of these children are adopted in Spain and many of them present neurocognitive and behavioral disorders, causing FASD to be a public health problem in our country. In many occasions this clinical spectrum is delayed or under-diagnosed due to the overlapping of neuropsychological symptoms caused by the abandonment. A neurocognitive and behavioral profile specific for FASD has not been defined and all the symptoms are common to other etiologies. The aim of this work is to review the neuropsychological profile in the diagnosis of TEAF.
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Prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) among Children Adopted from Eastern European Countries: Russia and Ukraine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041388. [PMID: 33546212 PMCID: PMC7913360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disorders. Children adopted internationally from countries where alcohol consumption during pregnancy is very high are at greater risk for FASD. Lack of expertise in diagnosing FASD and mixed neurodevelopmental and behavioral signs due to abandonment complicate a timely diagnosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of FASD in adopted children. Children between the ages of 8 and 24 adopted from Russia and Ukraine were evaluated for clinical and historical features of FASD. Of the 162 children evaluated, 81 (50%) met FASD diagnostic criteria. Thirty-three (20.4%) children had fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 28 (17.2%) had partial FAS, 2 (1.2%) had alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) and 18 (11.1%) had alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND). Of the 81 children in which fetal alcohol exposure could not be confirmed, many had manifestations that would have established a diagnosis of FASD if a history of maternal alcohol consumption was confirmed. In a population of children with a high risk of prenatal alcohol exposure (adoptees from Eastern European countries), at least 50% showed manifestations associated with FASD. The reported prevalence in this study is in line with the results obtained in a previous study as well as in orphanages of origin.
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Wang X, Zhu H, Lei L, Zhang Y, Tang C, Wu JX, Zhou JR, Xiao XR. Integrated Analysis of Key Genes and Pathways Involved in Fetal Growth Restriction and Their Associations With the Dysregulation of the Maternal Immune System. Front Genet 2021; 11:581789. [PMID: 33584788 PMCID: PMC7873903 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.581789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common pregnancy complication and a risk factor for infant death. Most patients with FGR have preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, or other etiologies, making it difficult to determine the specific molecular mechanisms underlying FGR. In this study, an integrated analysis was performed using gene expression profiles obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between healthy and FGR groups were screened and evaluated by functional enrichment and network analyses. In total, 80 common DEGs (FDR < 0.05) and 17 significant DEGs (FDR < 0.005) were screened. These genes were enriched for functions in immune system dysregulation in the placenta based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses. Among hub genes identified as candidates for FGR and fetal reprogramming, LEP, GBP5, HLA–DQA1, and CTGF were checked by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and western blot assays in placental tissues. Immune imbalance could cause hypoxia environment in placenta tissues, thus regulating the fetal-reprogramming. A significant association between CTGF and HIF-1α levels was confirmed in placenta tissues and HTR8 cells under hypoxia. Our results suggest that an immune imbalance in the placenta causes FGR without other complications. We provide the first evidence for roles of CTGF in FGR and show that CTGF may function via HIF-1α-related pathways. Our findings elucidate the pathogenesis of FGR and provide new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Despartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Despartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xing Wu
- Despartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Ru Zhou
- Despartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Rong Xiao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abdallah AY, Joho AA, Yahaya JJ. Influence of maternal lifestyle behaviors on birth weight and Apgar score. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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47
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Differential effects of maternal diets on birth outcomes and metabolic parameters in rats after ethanol consumption during pregnancy. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:1130-1139. [PMID: 33355064 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition status plays an important role in the development of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), but its direct evidence is lacking. This study compared a standard chow with a semi-purified energy-dense (E-dense) diet on birth and metabolic outcomes in rats after ethanol (EtOH) consumption during pregnancy. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into four groups: chow (n 6), chow + EtOH (20 %, v/v) (n 7), E-dense (n 6) and E-dense + EtOH (n 8). Birth outcomes including litter size, body and organ weights were collected. Metabolic parameters were measured in dams and pups at postnatal day (PD) 7. Maternal EtOH consumption decreased body weights (P < 0·0001) and litter sizes (P < 0·05) in chow-fed dams. At PD7, pups born to dams fed the E-dense diet had higher body (P < 0·002) and liver weights (P < 0·0001). These pups also had higher plasma total cholesterol (P < 0·0001), TAG (P < 0·003) and alanine aminotransferase (P < 0·03) compared with those from chow-fed dams. Dams fed the E-dense diet had higher plasma total (P < 0·0001) and HDL-cholesterol (P < 0·0001) and lower glucose (P < 0·0001). EtOH increased total cholesterol (P < 0·03) and glucose (P < 0·05) only in dams fed the E-dense diet. Maternal exposure to the E-dense diet attenuated prenatal EtOH-induced weight loss and produced different metabolic outcomes in both dams and pups. While the long-lasting effects of these outcomes are unknown, this study highlights the importance of maternal diet quality for maternal health and infant growth and suggests that maternal nutrition intervention may be a potential target for alleviating FASD.
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Odom GC, Cottler LB, Striley CW, Lopez-Quintero C. Perceived Risk of Weekly Cannabis Use, Past 30-Day Cannabis Use, and Frequency of Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women in the United States. Int J Womens Health 2020; 12:1075-1088. [PMID: 33235517 PMCID: PMC7678496 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s266540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While accumulated evidence has shown that the prevalence of cannabis use among pregnant women in the US has increased in recent years, little is known about the specific subpopulations affected. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of the perceived risk of weekly cannabis use, past 30-day cannabis use, and frequency of past 30-day cannabis use among US pregnant women. METHODS We analyzed data from 2,247 pregnant women 14 to 44 years of age surveyed in the 2015 to 2017 cross-sectional National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Analyses account for the sampling design. Primary outcomes included perceived risk of weekly cannabis use, past 30-day cannabis use, and frequency of cannabis use. We conducted multivariable logistic and negative binomial regression models to assess the associations between the primary outcomes and multiple correlates. RESULTS Among US pregnant women, 21.6% (95% CI=19.4, 23.8) did not perceive any risk associated with weekly cannabis use, 5.3% (95% CI=4.2, 6.5) used cannabis in the past 30 days, and among past-month users, the average number of days of use was 15.6 (95% CI=13.5, 17.7). Pregnant women living below the poverty line were both more likely to perceive no risk of weekly cannabis use (aOR=1.8; 95% CI=1.3, 2.5) and use cannabis more often in the past 30 days (aOR=2.9; 95% CI=1.5, 5.7) than pregnant women within an income bracket of more than two times the federal poverty threshold. Age, race, trimester of pregnancy, co-use of tobacco and/or alcohol were also associated with these outcomes. CONCLUSION Younger age, living in poverty, early trimester of pregnancy, and co-use of tobacco and/or alcohol increased the odds of cannabis use among pregnant women. As cannabis legalization spreads and cannabis use is increasingly perceived as safe, there is a growing need for research to determine the reasons why women in the identified at-risk subgroups are using cannabis during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage C Odom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
| | - Linda B Cottler
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
| | - Catherine W Striley
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
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49
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de Almeida Silva LC, de Oliveira AC, Cavalcante-Silva V, Franco MDC, D'Almeida V. Hyperlipidic diet affects body composition and induces anxiety-like behaviour in intrauterine growth-restricted adult mice. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:2061-2072. [PMID: 33098335 DOI: 10.1113/ep088859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect in male and female offspring of a protein-deficient diet producing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in maternal mice on morphometric, metabolic and behavioural parameters before and after a challenge with a fat diet? What is the main finding and its importance? Male and female mice presented different growth trajectories after birth. IUGR favoured increased adiposity in male mice, and high-fat diet-induced anxiety-like behaviour in female mice. ABSTRACT As there is sexual dimorphism in the response to maternal manipulations, we aimed to analyse the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in both sexes on morphometric, metabolic and behavioural parameters throughout postnatal development, and after challenge with a hyperlipidic diet. Female Swiss mice (n = 59) were distributed into two groups (SD: standard diet, n = 26; and PDD: isocaloric protein-deficient diet, n = 33), 2 weeks before mating and during the gestational period. After birth, offspring from SD and PDD dams were cross-fostered and nurtured by SD dams until postnatal day (PND) 28. At PND 60 all animals were challenged with a hypercaloric diet for 4 weeks. Offspring birth weight was significantly reduced in the PDD group compared to the SD group (P = 0.0001), but only male offspring presented a rapid catch-up during the first 21 days of development. Although no differences in body weight were observed between groups after the challenge with the hyperlipidic diet, an increase in the relative perigonadal white adipose tissue (P = 0.009) and a decrease in gross gastrocnemius muscle weight (P = 0.010) were observed in the PDD males. In relation to behavioural tests, there was an increase in locomotion in both sexes (P = 0.0001), and a decrease in female grooming (P = 0.006) in the PDD group. Additionally, females from the PDD group showed increased hyperlipidic food intake. In conclusion, IUGR affected both sexes, with females showing prominent behavioural modifications and males presenting altered body composition elicited by a hyperlipidic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Hollis JL, Doherty E, Dray J, Tremain D, Hunter M, Takats K, Williams CM, Murray H, Pennell CE, Tully B, Wiggers J, Daly JB, Kingsland M. Are antenatal interventions effective in improving multiple health behaviours among pregnant women? A systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2020; 9:204. [PMID: 32878647 PMCID: PMC7469269 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal behaviours in pregnancy associated with adverse pregnancy, birth and health outcomes include tobacco smoking, poor nutrition, alcohol consumption and low physical activity, collectively referred to as the SNAP risk factors. Due to the high prevalence, co-occurrence and possible interactive health effects of such health behaviours in pregnancy, antenatal interventions that support pregnant women to improve multiple SNAP behaviours have a greater potential impact on the health outcomes of women and their children than interventions addressing single behaviours. The objective of this review is to determine the effectiveness of interventions delivered as part of antenatal care that aim to improve multiple SNAP behaviours among pregnant women. METHODS Seven electronic databases will be searched for potentially eligible studies. Eligible studies will include those where pregnant women are attending antenatal care. Studies that examine the effect of an intervention that addresses multiple SNAP behaviours (≥ 2 behaviours) during pregnancy and are delivered or instigated through antenatal care in a healthcare service will be included. Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), RCTs, cluster RCTs, stepped-wedge RCTs and non-randomised control trials will be eligible. Studies that include a no-intervention control, wait-list control group, standard/usual care, or another active single behavioural intervention (e.g. addressing one behaviour only) will be considered. Two independent reviewers will conduct study screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or a third reviewer if required. A random effects model will be used to synthesise the results. Alternative synthesis methods will be investigated in instances where a meta-analysis is not appropriate, such as summarising effect estimates, combining P values, vote counting based on direction of effect, or synthesis in narrative form. DISCUSSION The review will synthesise the evidence on the effect of interventions that address multiple SNAP behaviours in antenatal care and will help researchers, policy-makers and health services to develop and deliver best practice integrated models of antenatal care that have the potential to impact on both the short- and long-term health outcomes for women and their children. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018095315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Hollis
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, New South Wales, 2287, Australia. .,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia. .,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia. .,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Emma Doherty
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, New South Wales, 2287, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia Dray
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, New South Wales, 2287, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Danika Tremain
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, New South Wales, 2287, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mandy Hunter
- Maternity and Gynaecology John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Takats
- Maternity and Gynaecology John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher M Williams
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, New South Wales, 2287, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Henry Murray
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Maternity and Gynaecology John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,Maternity and Gynaecology John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belinda Tully
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, New South Wales, 2287, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, New South Wales, 2287, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justine B Daly
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, New South Wales, 2287, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie Kingsland
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, New South Wales, 2287, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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