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Luna M, Pereira S, Saboya C, Ramalho A. Relationship between Body Adiposity Indices and Reversal of Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity 6 Months after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Metabolites 2024; 14:502. [PMID: 39330509 PMCID: PMC11434138 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The factors determining the reversal of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) to metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are not completely elucidated. The present study aims to evaluate body adiposity and distribution, through different indices, according to metabolic phenotypes before and 6 months after RYGB, and the relationship between these indices and transition from MUO to MHO. This study reports a prospective longitudinal study on adults with obesity who were evaluated before (T0) and 6 months (T1) after RYGB. Bodyweight, height, waist circumference (WC), BMI, waist-to-height ratio (WHR), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides, insulin, glucose, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were evaluated. The visceral adiposity index (VAI), the conicity index (CI), the lipid accumulation product (LAP), CUN-BAE and body shape index (ABSI) were calculated. MUO was classified based on insulin resistance. MUO at T0 with transition to MHO at T1 formed the MHO-t group MHO and MUO at both T0 and T1 formed the MHO-m and MUO-m groups, respectively. At T0, 37.3% of the 62 individuals were classified as MHO and 62.7% as MUO. Individuals in the MUO-T0 group had higher blood glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, insulin, TC and LDL-c compared to those in the MHO-T0 group. Both groups showed significant improvement in biochemical and body variables at T1. After RYGB, 89.2% of MUO-T0 became MHO (MHO-t). The MUO-m group presented higher HOMA-IR, insulin and VAI, compared to the MHO-m and MHO-t groups. CI and ABSI at T0 correlated with HOMA-IR at T1 in the MHO-t and MHO-m groups. CI and ABSI, indicators of visceral fat, are promising for predicting post-RYGB metabolic improvement. Additional studies are needed to confirm the sustainability of MUO reversion and its relationship with these indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Luna
- Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-971, Brazil
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-916, Brazil; (S.P.); (C.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Silvia Pereira
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-916, Brazil; (S.P.); (C.S.); (A.R.)
- Multidisciplinary Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Rio de Janeiro 22280-020, Brazil
| | - Carlos Saboya
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-916, Brazil; (S.P.); (C.S.); (A.R.)
- Multidisciplinary Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Rio de Janeiro 22280-020, Brazil
| | - Andrea Ramalho
- Micronutrients Research Center (NPqM), Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-916, Brazil; (S.P.); (C.S.); (A.R.)
- Social Applied Nutrition Department, Institute of Nutrition, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-916, Brazil
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Yang M, Shangguan Q, Xie G, Sheng G, Yang J. Oxidative stress mediates the association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in metabolic syndrome: evidence from a prospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1452896. [PMID: 39229375 PMCID: PMC11368748 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1452896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in adults with metabolic syndrome (MeS) and explore the mediating role of oxidative stress. Methods This study included 6131 adults with MeS from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The relationships between TyG index and mortality were elucidated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines (RCS) Fine-Gray competing risk model. In addition, mediation analysis was used to test the indirect effect of oxidative stress indicators. Results Over a median 106-month follow-up, a total of 357 CVD and 1292 all-cause deaths were recorded. After multivariate adjustment, there was a J-type relationship between TyG index and CVD and all-cause mortality, with optimal inflection point of 9.13 and 8.92. After the threshold point, TyG index was positively associated with CVD (HR: 4.21, 95%CI: 1.82, 9.78) and all-cause mortality(HR: 2.93, 95%CI: 2.05, 4.18). Even using non-cardiovascular mortality as a competitive risk, the Fine-Gray model also illustrated that the cumulative CVD mortality incidence was higher in MeS with TyG index >9.13 (Fine-Gray P< 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that biomarkers of oxidative stress, including gamma-glutamyl transferase and uric acid, collectively mediated 10.53% of the association between the TyG index and CVD mortality, and 8.44% of the association with all-cause mortality (P < 0.05). Conclusion In the cohort study, TyG index was found to have a J-shaped association with CVD mortality and all-cause mortality in MeS population and oxidative stress may play a key mediating role in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jingqi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Bertran L, Capellades J, Abelló S, Aguilar C, Auguet T, Richart C. Untargeted lipidomics analysis in women with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303569. [PMID: 38743756 PMCID: PMC11093320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a phenotype of obese individuals termed metabolically healthy obese that present a reduced cardiometabolic risk. This phenotype offers a valuable model for investigating the mechanisms connecting obesity and metabolic alterations such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Previously, in an untargeted metabolomics analysis in a cohort of morbidly obese women, we observed a different lipid metabolite pattern between metabolically healthy morbid obese individuals and those with associated T2DM. To validate these findings, we have performed a complementary study of lipidomics. In this study, we assessed a liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer untargeted lipidomic analysis on serum samples from 209 women, 73 normal-weight women (control group) and 136 morbid obese women. From those, 65 metabolically healthy morbid obese and 71 with associated T2DM. In this work, we find elevated levels of ceramides, sphingomyelins, diacyl and triacylglycerols, fatty acids, and phosphoethanolamines in morbid obese vs normal weight. Conversely, decreased levels of acylcarnitines, bile acids, lyso-phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylinositols, and phosphoethanolamine PE (O-38:4) were noted. Furthermore, comparing morbid obese women with T2DM vs metabolically healthy MO, a distinct lipid profile emerged, featuring increased levels of metabolites: deoxycholic acid, diacylglycerol DG (36:2), triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphoethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, and lyso-phosphatidylinositol LPI (16:0). To conclude, analysing both comparatives, we observed decreased levels of deoxycholic acid, PC (34:3), and PE (O-38:4) in morbid obese women vs normal-weight. Conversely, we found elevated levels of these lipids in morbid obese women with T2DM vs metabolically healthy MO. These profiles of metabolites could be explored for the research as potential markers of metabolic risk of T2DM in morbid obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bertran
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Capellades
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Abelló
- Scientific and Technical Service, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
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Wang J, Yang S, Zhao L. Association of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 with Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype: A Cross Sectional Study. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:81-90. [PMID: 38204988 PMCID: PMC10778153 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s447681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Whether the combination of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) was an independent risk factor for metabolic unhealthy is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association between combining hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 and metabolic unhealthy. Methods A total of 3198 participants who underwent routine health check-up examinations. The participants completed inflammation indicators (hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2) examination and physical assessments. Four phenotypes were determined according to obesity and metabolic health status. Meanwhile, the participants were divided into four groups according to the level of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2. The cross-sectional association between hs-CRP, Lp-PLA2 and metabolic unhealthy was tested by logistic regression analysis. Results About 30.48%, 17.35%, 17.32% and 34.83% had MHNO, MUNO, MHO, and MUO, respectively. The combination of the hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 levels was significantly correlated with metabolic unhealthy in non-obese subjects. However, in obese subjects, only hs-CRP level was significantly correlated with metabolic unhealthy. Conclusion The hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 together were significantly associated with metabolic unhealthy in non-obese subjects. hs-CRP level was significantly correlated with metabolic unhealthy in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Wang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Saiqi Yang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
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Das D, Shruthi NR, Banerjee A, Jothimani G, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome: molecular insights and combating strategies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1221438. [PMID: 37614749 PMCID: PMC10442661 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1221438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted condition that increases the possibility of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. MetS includes obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet hyperactivity. There is a concerning rise in the occurrence and frequency of MetS globally. The rising incidence and severity of MetS need a proactive, multipronged strategy for identifying and treating those affected. For many MetS patients, achieving recommended goals for healthy fat intake, blood pressure control, and blood glucose management may require a combination of medicine therapy, lifestyles, nutraceuticals, and others. However, it is essential to note that lifestyle modification should be the first-line therapy for MetS. In addition, MetS requires pharmacological, nutraceutical, or other interventions. This review aimed to bring together the etiology, molecular mechanisms, and dietary strategies to combat hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and platelet dysfunction in individuals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagainallur Ravichandran Shruthi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesan Jothimani
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tirani SA, Mirzaei S, Asadi A, Asjodi F, Iravani O, Akhlaghi M, Saneei P. Associations of Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Metabolic Health Status in Overweight and Obese Youth. ANNALS OF NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2023; 79:361-371. [PMID: 37549644 DOI: 10.1159/000533343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake with metabolic health status among overweight and obese Iranian youth. METHODS In total, 203 obese and overweight youth including 101 boys and 102 girls, 12-18 years, were randomly recruited through a multistage cluster sampling approach in this study. A validated Persian format of food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate participants' usual food intake. Adolescents were categorized in accordance with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria as well as IDF plus insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) definition into metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). RESULTS Based on IDF criteria, youth in the third tertile of vegetable and the combination of fruit and vegetable intake had 66% (odds ratio = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.95) and 73% (odds ratio = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09-0.81) lower odds of MUO compared to those in the first tertile, in the fully-adjusted model. According to IDF plus HOMA-IR definition, inverse associations were also found between vegetable (odds ratio = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.12-1.02) and the combination of fruit and vegetable (odds ratio = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.79) intake with MUO phenotype. Stratified analysis indicated inverse associations between intake of vegetables and the combination of fruits and vegetables with MUO phenotype (based on IDF definition) in overweight, but not obese subjects. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated that greater consumption of vegetables as well as the combination of fruits and vegetables was related to a lower risk of MUO phenotype, particularly in overweight youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Amani Tirani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,
| | - Saeideh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Asadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foad Asjodi
- Iranmall Sports Medicine Clinic (IFMARK), FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
| | - Orod Iravani
- Iranmall Sports Medicine Clinic (IFMARK), FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Saeedi F, Baqeri E, Bidokhti A, Moodi M, Sharifi F, Riahi SM. Clinical utility of lipid ratios as potential predictors of metabolic syndrome among the elderly population: Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS). BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:403. [PMID: 37400781 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly adults are at higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present study aims to investigate the relationship between lipid ratios and MetS in the elderly population. METHODS This study was conducted on elderly population of Birjand during 2018-2019. The data of this study was driven from Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS). The participants were selected based on multistage stratified cluster sampling. Patients were categorized into quartiles according to the lipid ratios (TG/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, non-HDL/HDL-C), and the relationship between lipid ratio quartiles and MetS was determined by Logistic Regression using Odds Ratio. Finally, the optimal cut-off for each lipid ratio in MetS diagnosis was calculated according to the Area Under the Curve (AUC). RESULTS This study included 1356 individuals, of whom 655 were men and 701 were women. In our study, the crude prevalence of MetS was 792 (58%), including 543 (77.5%) women and 249 (38%) men. Increasing trends were observed in quartiles of all lipid ratios for TC, LDL-C, TG, and DBP. TG/HDL was also the best lipid ratio to diagnose the MetS, based on NCEP ATP III criteria. One unit increased in level of TG/HDL resulted in 3.94 (OR: 3.94; 95%CI: 2.48-6.6) and 11.56 (OR: 11.56; 95%CI: 6.93-19.29) increasing risk of having MetS in quartile 3 and 4 compared to quartile 1, respectively. In men and women, the cutoff for TG/HDL was 3.5 and 3.0, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the TG/HDL-C is superior to the LDL-C/HDL-C and the non-HDL /HDL-C to predict MetS among the elderly adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Saeedi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Elnaz Baqeri
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Bidokhti
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Riahi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Ion RM, Sibianu M, Hutanu A, Beresescu FG, Sala DT, Flavius M, Rosca A, Constantin C, Scurtu A, Moriczi R, Muresan MG, Gabriel P, Niculescu R, Neagoe RM. A Comprehensive Summary of the Current Understanding of the Relationship between Severe Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Inflammatory Status. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113818. [PMID: 37298013 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, obesity, as a part of metabolic syndrome, represents the leading factor for disability, and is correlated with higher inflammation status, morbidity, and mortality. The purpose of our study is to add new insights to the present body of knowledge regarding the correlations between chronic systemic inflammation and severe obesity, which cannot be treated without considering other metabolic syndrome conditions. Biomarkers of high-level chronic inflammation are recognized as important predictors of pro-inflammatory disease. Besides the well-known pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as WBCs (white blood cells), IL-1 (interleukin-1), IL-6 (interleukin-6), TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), and hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), as well as anti-inflammatory markers, such as adiponectin and systemic inflammation, can be determined by a variety of blood tests as a largely available and inexpensive inflammatory biomarker tool. A few parameters, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; the level of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, which is part of the macrophage-enriched metabolic network in adipose tissue; or levels of glutamine, an immune-metabolic regulator in white adipose tissue, are markers that link obesity to inflammation. Through this narrative review, we try to emphasize the influence of the weight-loss process in reducing obesity-related pro-inflammatory status and associated comorbidities. All data from the presented studies report positive results following weight-loss procedures while improving overall health, an effect that lasts over time, as far as the existing research data show.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan-Marius Ion
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Melania Sibianu
- Clinical Medicine I, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Adina Hutanu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Felicia Gabriela Beresescu
- Department of Morphology of Teeth and Dental Arches, Faculty of Dentistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Daniela Tatiana Sala
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Mocian Flavius
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ancuta Rosca
- Third Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Calin Constantin
- Second Department of Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alexandra Scurtu
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Renata Moriczi
- Second Department of Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Mircea Gabriel Muresan
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Popescu Gabriel
- Second Department of Surgery, Mures County Emergency Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Raluca Niculescu
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Radu Mircea Neagoe
- Second Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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Wang HW, Tang J, Sun L, Li Z, Deng M, Dai Z. Mechanism of immune attack in the progression of obesity-related type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:494-511. [PMID: 37273249 PMCID: PMC10236992 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i5.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are widespread issues in adults, children, and adolescents globally, and have caused a noticeable rise in obesity-related complications such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chronic low-grade inflammation is an important promotor of the pathogenesis of obesity-related T2DM. This proinflammatory activation occurs in multiple organs and tissues. Immune cell-mediated systemic attack is considered to contribute strongly to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and other metabolic disorders. This review focused on highlighting recent advances and underlying mechanisms of immune cell infiltration and inflammatory responses in the gut, islet, and insulin-targeting organs (adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle) in obesity-related T2DM. There is current evidence that both the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to the development of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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Tanriover C, Copur S, Gaipov A, Ozlusen B, Akcan RE, Kuwabara M, Hornum M, Van Raalte DH, Kanbay M. Metabolically healthy obesity: Misleading phrase or healthy phenotype? Eur J Intern Med 2023; 111:5-20. [PMID: 36890010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogenous condition with multiple different phenotypes. Among these a particular subtype exists named as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). MHO has multiple definitions and its prevalence varies according to study. The potential mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of MHO include the different types of adipose tissue and their distribution, the role of hormones, inflammation, diet, the intestinal microbiota and genetic factors. In contrast to the negative metabolic profile associated with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), MHO has relatively favorable metabolic characteristics. Nevertheless, MHO is still associated with many important chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease as well as certain types of cancer and has the risk of progression into the unhealthy phenotype. Therefore, it should not be considered as a benign condition. The major therapeutic alternatives include dietary modifications, exercise, bariatric surgery and certain medications including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and tirzepatide. In this review, we discuss the significance of MHO while comparing this phenotype with MUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Tanriover
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan; Clinical Academic Department of Internal Medicine, CF "University Medical Center", Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Batu Ozlusen
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rustu E Akcan
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Mads Hornum
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel H Van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Loaction VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey.
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11
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Lack of association between metabolic phenotype and food consumption by degree of food processing: results from the Study of Workers' Health (ESAT). NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:119-127. [PMID: 36537332 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: an increase in the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods may predispose to metabolic abnormalities. Objective: to verify the association of food consumption with metabolic phenotype in workers from a quaternary hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: workers of both sexes aged > 18 years were eligible. A food frequency questionnaire and the NOVA classification were used in the food consumption analysis. Metabolic phenotype considered the presence of at least one metabolic alteration (blood glucose, serum lipids, and blood pressure) combined with BMI (eutrophic or excess weight) as follows: 1) metabolically healthy eutrophic (MHE); 2) metabolically unhealthy eutrophic (MUE); 3) metabolically healthy excess weight (MHEW); 4) metabolically unhealthy excess weight (MUEW). Results: from the included 160 participants (mean age, 45.2 ± 1.1 years; 59.4 %, women), 21.9 % self-reported arterial hypertension and 4.4 % diabetes. Most presented excess weight (74.6 %), with approximately 40 % being obese. The MUEW phenotype had higher body fat percentage and central adiposity represented by higher WC and VFA in comparison to the other phenotypes. The lean body mass was similar between the groups. The median of ultra-processed foods was 32.4 % for eutrophic, 32.7 % for overweight, and 34.3 % for obese subjects. No significant associations were observed between ultra-processed food consumption and metabolically unhealthy eutrophic (OR: 1.01; 95 % CI: 0.96-1.06), metabolically healthy excess weight (OR: 1.03; 95 % CI: 0.98-1.08), and metabolically unhealthy excess weight (OR: 1.00; 95 % CI: 0.96-1.05) in comparison to metabolically healthy eutrophic. Conclusion: consumption of ultra-processed food was high. In this cross-sectional analysis, no association of metabolic phenotypes with consumption of food groups according to degree of food processing were observed.
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12
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Dark Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium) Supplementation Reduced Blood Pressure and Pro-Inflammatory Interferon Gamma (IFNγ) in Obese Adults without Affecting Lipid Profile, Glucose Levels and Liver Enzymes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030681. [PMID: 36771387 PMCID: PMC9920461 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark sweet cherries (DSC) are rich in fiber and polyphenols that decrease risk factors associated with obesity. This single-blind randomized placebo-controlled study investigated DSC effects on inflammation, cardiometabolic, and liver health biomarkers in obese adults. Participants (>18 years, body mass index (BMI) = 30-40 kg/m2) consumed 200 mL of DSC drink (juice supplemented with DSC powder) (n = 19) or a placebo drink (n = 21) twice/day for 30 days. Anthropometric and physiological biomarkers were monitored at baseline (D1), mid-point (D15), and endpoint (D30) visits. Blood inflammatory biomarkers were assessed at D1, D15, and D30, and blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes at D1 and D30. DSC consumption lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.05) and decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to placebo (p = 0.04). Stratification of participants by BMI revealed a greater (p = 0.008) SBP reduction in BMI > 35 participants. DSC lowered pro-inflammatory interferon-gamma (IFNγ) (p = 0.001), which correlated with SBP changes. The interleukin (IL)-1RA and SBP changes were correlated in the placebo group, as well as triglycerides (TG) with DBP. The increased IL-10 levels in the placebo group suggested a compensatory mechanism to counteract elevated IFNγ levels. No significant between-group differences were detected for blood lipids, glucose, and liver enzymes. In conclusion, DSC helped to decrease blood pressure levels and inflammation in obese adults.
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13
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Therapeutics in Metabolic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:255-273. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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14
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Hameed M, Geerling E, Pinto AK, Miraj I, Weger-Lucarelli J. Immune response to arbovirus infection in obesity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968582. [PMID: 36466818 PMCID: PMC9716109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects 650 million people worldwide and leads to diverse changes in host immunity. Individuals with obesity experience an increase in the size and the number of adipocytes, which function as an endocrine organ and release various adipocytokines such as leptin and adiponectin that exert wide ranging effects on other cells. In individuals with obesity, macrophages account for up to 40% of adipose tissue (AT) cells, three times more than in adipose tissue (10%) of healthy weight individuals and secrete several cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokine C-C ligand (CCL)-2, IL-6, CCL5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leading to the development of inflammation. Overall, obesity-derived cytokines strongly affect immune responses and make patients with obesity more prone to severe symptoms than patients with a healthy weight. Several epidemiological studies reported a strong association between obesity and severe arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) infections such as dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), and Sindbis virus (SINV). Recently, experimental investigations found that DENV, WNV, CHIKV and Mayaro virus (MAYV) infections cause worsened disease outcomes in infected diet induced obese (DIO) mice groups compared to infected healthy-weight animals. The mechanisms leading to higher susceptibility to severe infections in individuals with obesity remain unknown, though a better understanding of the causes will help scientists and clinicians develop host directed therapies to treat severe disease. In this review article, we summarize the effects of obesity on the host immune response in the context of arboviral infections. We have outlined that obesity makes the host more susceptible to infectious agents, likely by disrupting the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. We have also discussed the immune response of DIO mouse models against some important arboviruses such as CHIKV, MAYV, DENV, and WNV. We can speculate that obesity-induced disruption of innate and adaptive immune cell function in arboviral infections ultimately affects the course of arboviral disease. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore the cellular and molecular aspects of immunity that are compromised in obesity during arboviral infections or vaccination, which will be helpful in developing specific therapeutic/prophylactic interventions to prevent immunopathology and disease progression in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muddassar Hameed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Geerling
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amelia K. Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Iqra Miraj
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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15
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Semyonov M, Bartulovic A, Cohen N, Berzon B, Fedorina E, Lerman S, Semionov A, Friger M, Acker A, Geftler A, Zlotnik A, Brotfain E. The effect of timing of intravenous paracetamol on perioperative pain and cytokine levels following laparoscopic bariatric surgery, a randomized controlled trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2185-2193. [PMID: 36161276 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgeries involve manipulation of the viscera and are associated with significant postoperative pain. Paracetamol is a nonopioid analgesic with a rapid onset, and it is effective and safe. The study compared the effects of pre- and postincisional intravenous paracetamol administration for optimal postoperative pain management in patients undergoing bariatric surgeries. METHODS This is a prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of adult patients, admitted electively for laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group of patients was given paracetamol at the beginning of the operation, prior to the surgical incision, the other group of patients received the same treatment at the end of the operation. RESULTS Patients who were given preincisional intravenous paracetamol presented significantly lower visual analog scale (VAS) scores following the surgery compared with patients who were given intravenous paracetamol in the last 30 minutes of the operation (VAS, median [IQR] = 2 [2-3] vs. 5 [3-6]; p < 0.001). They also required fewer postoperative opioids and tramadol (in milligrams, respectively, 1 [0-5] vs. 7.5 [5-10] and 300 [100-400] vs. 400 [200-500]) compared with later analgesia administration (p < 0.001 and p = 0.03). The levels of inflammatory markers measured at fixed intervals from paracetamol administration were not statistically different between the study groups. CONCLUSION Early analgesia with intravenous paracetamol, given before the surgical incision, may result in lower VAS scores postoperatively compared with the same treatment administered toward the end of the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Semyonov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, General Intensive Care Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anastasiya Bartulovic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, General Intensive Care Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Nir Cohen
- Department of General Surgery B, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Baruch Berzon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shamir Assaf Harofeh, Tzrifin, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Fedorina
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, General Intensive Care Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sofia Lerman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, General Intensive Care Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anastasia Semionov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, General Intensive Care Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Michael Friger
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Asaf Acker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Geftler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexander Zlotnik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, General Intensive Care Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Evgeni Brotfain
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, General Intensive Care Unit, Soroka Medical Center, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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16
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Zhang Q, Guo M, Chen T, Cheng H, Yang Q, Zhao Z, She R, Yang X, Xiao W, Yang X, Li L. Walking and taking vitamin C alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight students, even in the short-term. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1024864. [PMID: 36276369 PMCID: PMC9581260 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Obese or overweight is a risk factor for some chronic diseases, and oxidative stress and inflammation may be one of the molecular mechanisms leading to the persistence of these chronic diseases. Discovering interventions to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in the overweight/obese population, is very important for public health and health education. Methods A two-week panel intervention study (Run 0-Run 1-Run 2) was conducted. The subjects were 77 overweight/obese undergraduates attending Dali University, with a BMI>24 kg/m2. The physical indices measured at the end of each run included BMI, waist circumference, serum ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β and urinary 8-OHdG. Students were allocated to one of four intervention groups: No intervention (control); walking; taking vitamin C; and walking + taking vitamin C. Results The results demonstrated (1) Walking significantly alleviated ROS levels, and this was consistent in Run 1 and Run 2; (2) During Run1, all three intervention modes reduced levels of 8-OHdG, but there was a statistically insignificant increase during Run 2; (3) No alleviating effects of the three intervention modes on TNF-α levels during Run 1 and Run 2 were observed; (4) The alleviating effects of the three intervention modes on IL-1β levels during Run 1 and Run 2 were clear. Conclusion Walking and taking vitamin C can reduce levels of ROS, 8-OHdG and IL-1β, but not TNF-α, in overweight/obese participants. These interventions may become potential preventive measures for the overweight against obese-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Institute of Natural Antioxidants and Antioxidant Inflammation, Dali University, Dali, China,School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Miao Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhi Cheng
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Qianwen Yang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong She
- Institute of Natural Antioxidants and Antioxidant Inflammation, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Natural Antioxidants and Antioxidant Inflammation, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Institute of Natural Antioxidants and Antioxidant Inflammation, Dali University, Dali, China,Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Lijuan Li
| | - Lijuan Li
- Institute of Natural Antioxidants and Antioxidant Inflammation, Dali University, Dali, China,School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, China,Xu Yang
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Pathogenesis, Murine Models, and Clinical Implications of Metabolically Healthy Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179614. [PMID: 36077011 PMCID: PMC9455655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although obesity is commonly associated with numerous cardiometabolic pathologies, some people with obesity are resistant to detrimental effects of excess body fat, which constitutes a condition called “metabolically healthy obesity” (MHO). Metabolic features of MHO that distinguish it from metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) include differences in the fat distribution, adipokine types, and levels of chronic inflammation. Murine models are available that mimic the phenotype of human MHO, with increased adiposity but preserved insulin sensitivity. Clinically, there is no established definition of MHO yet. Despite the lack of a uniform definition, most studies describe MHO as a particular case of obesity with no or only one metabolic syndrome components and lower levels of insulin resistance or inflammatory markers. Another clinical viewpoint is the dynamic and changing nature of MHO, which substantially impacts the clinical outcome. In this review, we explore the pathophysiology and some murine models of MHO. The definition, variability, and clinical implications of the MHO phenotype are also discussed. Understanding the characteristics that differentiate people with MHO from those with MUO can lead to new insights into the mechanisms behind obesity-related metabolic derangements and diseases.
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Zhou J, Li R, Bao T, Jiang W, Huang Y. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and myeloperoxidase: A cross-sectional study of a general population in China. Front Nutr 2022; 9:948691. [PMID: 35983482 PMCID: PMC9379339 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have found a strong association between cardiovascular diseases and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as a marker of oxidative stress. Although the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D in adults have been validated, evidence about the relationship between MPO and 25(OH)D is lacking. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MPO and 25(OH)D in the general Chinese population. Methods From November 2018 to August 2019, a total of 6414 subjects were enrolled in a tertiary referral hospital in China, which included 3,122 women and 3,292 men. The dependent and independent variables were MPO and 25(OH)D, respectively. The confounders included age, sex, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, calcium, and parathyroid hormone concentration. Results In the fully adjusted model, we found that MPO decreased by 0.12 (95% CI −0.16, −0.08), ng/mL for each unit (1 nmol/L) increase in 25(OH)D. When 25(OH) D was divided into quartiles, compared with Q1 (< 41.4 nmol/L), the adjusted beta coefficients (β) of MPO in Q2–Q4 were −2.29 (95% CI, −4.31 to −0.27), −4.76 (95% CI, −6.83 to −2.69), and −6.07 (95% CI, −8.23 to −3.92), respectively (P for the trend < 0.0001). When 25(OH) D was divided according to clinical severity, compared with the severely deficient (< 30 nmol/L) s≥ 30, < 50 nmol/L) and sufficient groups (≥ 50 nmol/L) were −2.59 (95% CI, −5.87 to 0.69) and −5.87 (95% CI, −9.17 to −2.57), respectively (P for the trend < 0.0001). Conclusion After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, waist-hip ratio, smoking status, alcohol status, calcium, and PTH, circulating 25(OH)D was negatively associated with MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junteng Zhou
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruicen Li
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Bao
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Jam SA, Moloudpour B, Najafi F, Darbandi M, Pasdar Y. Metabolic obesity phenotypes and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study from the RaNCD cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:233. [PMID: 35778682 PMCID: PMC9248132 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating the effect of metabolic disorders on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the presence or the absence of obesity is of great importance. This study aimed to examine the independent and joint relationships of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with CKD. METHODS : The present study was performed on 9,762 participants from the baseline phase of the Ravansar non- communicable diseases (RaNCD) study. Thereafter, the CKD was estimated by glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. All the included participants were categorized into the following four phenotypes: metabolically healthy non-overweight/obesity (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy non-overweight/obesity (MUNO), metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO). Finally, Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (ORs). RESULTS The mean age of the included participants was 47.33 ± 8.27 years old, %48.16 (4,701) of whom were men. As well, 1,058(10.84%) participants had CKD (eGFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2). The overweight/obesity was not significantly associated with odds of CKD. The odds of CKD in male subjects with MetS was 1.48 times higher than non-MetS ones (95% CI: 1.10, 2.01). After adjusting the confounders, the odds of CKD were 1.54 times (95% CI: 1.12, 2.11) higher in the MUNO and 2.22 times (95% CI: 1.44, 3.41) higher in the MUO compared to MHNO phenotype in male subjects. The odds of CKD in the MUNO and MUO was 1.31 times (95% CI: 1.10, 1.60) and 1.23 times (95% CI: 1.01, 1.54) higher than MHNO phenotype in female subjects, respectively. CONCLUSION The odds of CKD were higher in MUNO and MUO phenotypes. Therefore, lifestyle modification is recommended to control normal weight and healthy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Arbabi Jam
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behrooz Moloudpour
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Alperin M, Abramowitch S, Alarab M, Bortolini M, Brown B, Burnett LA, Connell KA, Damaser M, de Vita R, Gargett CE, Guess MK, Guler Z, Jorge RN, Kelley RS, Kibschull M, Miller K, Moalli PA, Mysorekar IU, Routzong MR, Shynlova O, Swenson CW, Therriault MA, Northington GM. Foundational science and mechanistic insights for a shared disease model: an expert consensus. Int Urogynecol J 2022; 33:1387-1392. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-022-05253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Foundational Science and Mechanistic Insights for a Shared Disease Model: An Expert Consensus. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2022; 28:347-350. [PMID: 35609252 DOI: 10.1097/spv.0000000000001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Hamzeh B, Pasdar Y, Moradi S, Darbandi M, Rahmani N, Shakiba E, Najafi F. Metabolically healthy versus unhealthy obese phenotypes in relation to hypertension incidence; a prospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:106. [PMID: 35287586 PMCID: PMC8922873 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although obesity increases the risk of hypertension, the effect of obesity based on metabolic status on the incidence of hypertension is not known. This study aimed to determine the association between obesity phenotypes including metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and the risk of hypertension incidence. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study on 6747 adults aged 35–65 from Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) study. Obesity was defined as body mass index above 30 kg/m2 and metabolically unhealthy was considered at least two metabolic disorders based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Obesity phenotypes were categorized into four groups including MUO, MHO, metabolically unhealthy non obesity (MUNO), and metabolically healthy non obesity (MHNO). Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to analyze associations with hypertension incidence. Results The MHO (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.03–1.86) and MUO phenotypes (HR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.81–3.29) were associated with higher hypertension risk compared to MHNO. In addition, MUNO phenotype was significantly associated with risk of hypertension incidence (HR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.29–2.14). Conclusions Both metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity increased the risk of hypertension incidence. However, the increase in metabolically unhealthy phenotype was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Hamzeh
- Health Education and Promotion, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Rahmani
- Julius Maximillian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Communing Developmental and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Koh HCE, van Vliet S, Cao C, Patterson BW, Reeds DN, Laforest R, Gropler RJ, Ju YES, Mittendorfer B. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on glucose metabolism. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:457-467. [PMID: 35118996 PMCID: PMC9172969 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in people with obesity and is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The effect of OSA on metabolic function and the precise mechanisms (insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, or both) responsible for the increased T2D risk in people with OSA are unknown. DESIGN AND METHODS We used a two-stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in conjunction with stable isotopically labeled glucose and palmitate tracer infusions and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose injection and positron emission tomography to quantify multi-organ insulin action and oral and intravenous tolerance tests to evaluate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in fifteen people with obesity and OSA and thirteen people with obesity without OSA. RESULTS OSA was associated with marked insulin resistance of adipose tissue triglyceride lipolysis and glucose uptake into both skeletal muscles and adipose tissue, whereas there was no significant difference between the OSA and control groups in insulin action on endogenous glucose production, basal insulin secretion, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during both intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that OSA is a key determinant of insulin sensitivity in people with obesity and underscore the importance of taking OSA status into account when evaluating metabolic function in people with obesity. These findings may also have important clinical implications because disease progression and the risk of diabetes-related complications vary by T2D subtype (i.e. severe insulin resistance vs insulin deficiency). People with OSA may benefit most from the targeted treatment of peripheral insulin resistance and early screening for complications associated with peripheral insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chao Cao
- Center for Human Nutrition, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Yo-El S. Ju
- Department of Neurology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Vitamin D is directly associated with favorable glycemic, lipid, and inflammatory profiles in individuals with at least one component of metabolic syndrome irrespective of total adiposity: Pró-Saúde Study, Brazil. Nutr Res 2021; 96:1-8. [PMID: 34890855 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency has been suggested as a risk factor for several metabolic disorders. The objective of the study was to investigate the association between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and metabolic health markers of Brazilian individuals with normal-weight, overweight or obesity. We hypothesized that serum 25(OH)D would be inversely associated with glycemic, lipid and inflammatory markers indicative of metabolic abnormality. Data of 511 individuals (33-79 years), recruited from a longitudinal investigation (Pró-Saúde Study), were analyzed cross-sectionally. Anthropometric, biochemical, body composition, socio-demographic and lifestyle data were collected. Based on body mass index (BMI; normal weight, overweight, obesity) and metabolic health (metabolically healthy (MH) and metabolically unhealthy (MU)) categories, the participants were classified into 6 phenotypes. Individuals having zero components of the metabolic syndrome were considered as "MH". MH obesity was frequent in 2.0% of the participants and 56.0% exhibited vitamin D insufficiency (<20 ng/mL). In the subgroups of the same BMI category, there were no significant differences in 25(OH)D concentrations between individuals classified as MH and MU. After adjustments (including %body fat and BMI), an inverse association was observed between 25(OH)D and visceral adipose tissue (B = -6.46, 95% confidence interval, CI: -12.87, -0.04), leptin (B = -0.09, 95% confidence interval, CI: -0.14, -0.03), insulin (B = -0.21, 95%CI: -0.34, -0.07), HOMA-IR (B = -0.06, 95%CI: -0.10, -0.02), triglycerides (B = -2.44, 95%CI: -3.66, -1.22), and TNF-α (B = -0.12, 95%CI: -0.24, -0.005) only in MU individuals. Our results indicate that the association of 25(OH)D concentrations with a favorable biochemical profile (glycemic, lipidic and inflammatory) seems to depend on the individual's overall metabolic health, suggesting more benefits from higher serum vitamin D in MU individuals, regardless of their adiposity.
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Evolution of Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity in Coronary Patients after 5 Years of Dietary Intervention: From the CORDIOPREV Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114046. [PMID: 34836298 PMCID: PMC8624211 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity phenotypes with different metabolic status have been described previously. We analyzed metabolic phenotypes in obese coronary patients during a 5-year follow-up, and examined the factors influencing this evolution. Methods: The CORDIOPREV study is a randomized, long-term secondary prevention study with two healthy diets: Mediterranean and low-fat. All obese patients were classified as either metabolically healthy obese (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). We evaluated the changes in the metabolic phenotypes and related variables after 5 years of dietary intervention. Results: Initially, 562 out of the 1002 CORDIOPREV patients were obese. After 5 years, 476 obese patients maintained their clinical and dietary visits; 71.8% of MHO patients changed to unhealthy phenotypes (MHO-Progressors), whereas the MHO patients who maintained healthy phenotypes (MHO-Non-Progressors) lost more in terms of their body mass index (BMI) and had a lower fatty liver index (FLI-score) (p < 0.05). Most of the MUO (92%) patients maintained unhealthy phenotypes (MUO-Non-Responders), but 8% became metabolically healthy (MUO-Responders) after a significant decrease in their BMI and FLI-score, with improvement in all metabolic criteria. No differences were found among dietary groups. Conclusions: A greater loss of weight and liver fat is associated with a lower progression of the MHO phenotype to unhealthy phenotypes. Likewise, a marked improvement in these parameters is associated with regression from MUO to healthy phenotypes.
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Sitar-Tǎut AV, Cozma A, Fodor A, Coste SC, Orasan OH, Negrean V, Pop D, Sitar-Tǎut DA. New Insights on the Relationship between Leptin, Ghrelin, and Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio Enforced by Body Mass Index in Obesity and Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111657. [PMID: 34829886 PMCID: PMC8615809 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ, however, there are still many questions regarding the roles of adipokines—leptin and ghrelin being two adipokines. The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between the adipokines and their ratio with obesity and diabetes. Methods: Sixty patients (mean age 61.88 ± 10.08) were evaluated. Cardiovascular risk factors, leptin, ghrelin, and insulin resistance score values were assessed. The patients were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) as normal weight, overweight, and obese. Results: 20% normal weight, 51.7% overweight, 28.3% obese, and 23.3% diabetic. Obese patients had higher leptin values (in obese 34,360 pg/mL vs. overweight 18,000 pg/mL vs. normal weight 14,350 pg/mL, p = 0.0049) and leptin/ghrelin ratio (1055 ± 641 vs. 771.36 ± 921 vs. 370.7 ± 257, p = 0.0228). Stratifying the analyses according to the presence of obesity and patients’ gender, differences were found for leptin (p = 0.0020 in women, p = 0.0055 in men) and leptin/ghrelin ratio (p = 0.048 in women, p = 0.004 in men). Mean leptin/BMI and leptin/ghrelin/BMI ratios were significantly higher, and the ghrelin/BMI ratio was significantly lower in obese and diabetic patients. In conclusion, obesity and diabetes are associated with changes not only in the total amount but also in the level of adipokines/kg/m2. Changes appear even in overweight subjects, offering a basis for early intervention in diabetic and obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela-Viviana Sitar-Tǎut
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (S.-C.C.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angela Cozma
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (S.-C.C.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.)
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sorina-Cezara Coste
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (S.-C.C.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.)
| | - Olga Hilda Orasan
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (S.-C.C.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.)
| | - Vasile Negrean
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (S.-C.C.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.)
| | - Dana Pop
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dan-Andrei Sitar-Tǎut
- Business Information Systems Department, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration 58-60 Theodor Mihaly Street, “Babeş-Bolyai” University, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Eley VA, Thuzar M, Navarro S, Dodd BR, Zundert AAV. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation: an update for anaesthetists caring for patients with obesity. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2021; 40:100947. [PMID: 34534700 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of chronic inflammation in obesity is evolving. Suggested mechanisms include hypoxia of adipose tissue and a subsequent increase in circulating cytokines. It is now known that adipose tissue, far from being an inert tissue, produces and secretes multiple peptides that influence inflammation and metabolism, including substrates of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). RAAS blocking antihypertensive medication and cholesterol-lowering agents are now being evaluated for their metabolic and inflammation-modulating effects. Surgery also has pro-inflammatory effects, which may be exacerbated in patients with obesity. This narrative review will summarise the recent literature surrounding obesity, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and interplay with the RAAS, with evidence-based recommendations for the optimisation of patients with obesity, prior to surgery and anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Eley
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067 Queensland, Australia.
| | - Moe Thuzar
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067 Queensland, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road Woolloongabba, 4102 Queensland, Australia; Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Ipswich Road Woolloongabba, 4102 Queensland, Australia
| | - Séverine Navarro
- Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston Rd, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia; Woolworths Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, 4059 Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin R Dodd
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067 Queensland, Australia; Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia
| | - André A Van Zundert
- Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Butterfield St, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067 Queensland, Australia
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Cătoi AF, Iancu M, Pârvu AE, Cecan AD, Bidian C, Chera EI, Pop ID, Macri AM. Relationship between 25 Hydroxyvitamin D, Overweight/Obesity Status, Pro-Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Simplified Empirical Path Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082889. [PMID: 34445049 PMCID: PMC8399080 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Herein, we investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and overweight/obesity status, insulin resistance (IR), systemic inflammation as well as oxidative stress (OS). Anthropometric and laboratory assessments of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and glycemic, pro-inflammatory and OS biomarkers were performed in a sample of 47 patients with T2DM who were divided into categories based on overweight and degree of obesity. The main findings were: the overweight/obesity status correlated negatively with the degree of serum 25(OH)D deficiency (ρ = −0.27) with a trend towards statistical significance (p = 0.069); the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly different (p = 0.024) in patients with 25(OH)D deficiency, as was total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in patients with severe serum 25(OH)D deficiency as compared to those with 25(OH)D over 20 ng/mL (TOS: p = 0.007, OSI: p = 0.008); and 25(OH)D had a negative indirect effect on TOS by body mass index (BMI), but BMI was not a significant mediator of the studied relationship. In a setting of overweight and increasing degree of obesity, patients with T2DM did not display decreasing values of 25(OH)D. Subjects with the lowest values of 25(OH)D presented the highest values of BMI. Patients with 25(OH)D deficiency were more insulin resistant and showed increased OS but no elevated systemic inflammation. The negative effect of 25(OH)D on TOS did not seem to involve BMI as a mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.); (A.D.C.); (E.I.C.)
| | - Mihaela Iancu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Alina Elena Pârvu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.); (A.D.C.); (E.I.C.)
| | - Andra Diana Cecan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.); (A.D.C.); (E.I.C.)
| | - Cristina Bidian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Elisabeta Ioana Chera
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania or (A.F.C.); (A.E.P.); (A.D.C.); (E.I.C.)
| | - Ioana Delia Pop
- Department of Exact Sciences, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adrian Maximilian Macri
- Department of Animal production and Food Safety, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Fagherazzi G, Zhang L, Aguayo G, Pastore J, Goetzinger C, Fischer A, Malisoux L, Samouda H, Bohn T, Ruiz-Castell M, Huiart L. Towards precision cardiometabolic prevention: results from a machine learning, semi-supervised clustering approach in the nationwide population-based ORISCAV-LUX 2 study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16056. [PMID: 34362963 PMCID: PMC8346462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the rapid increase in the incidence of cardiometabolic conditions, there is an urgent need for better approaches to prevent as many cases as possible and move from a one-size-fits-all approach to a precision cardiometabolic prevention strategy in the general population. We used data from ORISCAV-LUX 2, a nationwide, cross-sectional, population-based study. On the 1356 participants, we used a machine learning semi-supervised cluster method guided by body mass index (BMI) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and a set of 29 cardiometabolic variables, to identify subgroups of interest for cardiometabolic health. Cluster stability was assessed with the Jaccard similarity index. We have observed 4 clusters with a very high stability (ranging between 92 and 100%). Based on distinctive features that deviate from the overall population distribution, we have labeled Cluster 1 (N = 729, 53.76%) as "Healthy", Cluster 2 (N = 508, 37.46%) as "Family history-Overweight-High Cholesterol ", Cluster 3 (N = 91, 6.71%) as "Severe Obesity-Prediabetes-Inflammation" and Cluster 4 (N = 28, 2.06%) as "Diabetes-Hypertension-Poor CV Health". Our work provides an in-depth characterization and thus, a better understanding of cardiometabolic health in the general population. Our data suggest that such a clustering approach could now be used to define more targeted and tailored strategies for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases at a population level. This study provides a first step towards precision cardiometabolic prevention and should be externally validated in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Fagherazzi
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg. .,Center of Epidemiology and Population Health UMR 1018, Inserm, Gustave Roussy Institute, Paris South - Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Gloria Aguayo
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Jessica Pastore
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Catherine Goetzinger
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg.,University of Luxembourg, 2, avenue de l'Université, 4365, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Aurélie Fischer
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Laurent Malisoux
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Maria Ruiz-Castell
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Laetitia Huiart
- Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, 1445, Strassen, Luxembourg.,University of Luxembourg, 2, avenue de l'Université, 4365, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Wu Q, Huang QX, Zeng HL, Ma S, Lin HD, Xia MF, Tang HR, Gao X. Prediction of Metabolic Disorders Using NMR-Based Metabolomics: The Shanghai Changfeng Study. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 1:186-198. [PMID: 36939780 PMCID: PMC9590528 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-021-00021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A metabolically healthy status, whether obese or not, is a transient stage with the potential to develop into metabolic disorders during the course of life. We investigated the incidence of metabolic disorders in 1078 metabolically healthy Chinese adults from the Shanghai Changfeng Study and looked for metabolites that discriminated the participants who would develop metabolic disorders in the future. Participants were divided into metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) and metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW) groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and metabolic status. Their serum metabolomic profile was measured using a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (1H-NMR). The prevalence of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and metabolic syndrome was similar between the MHNW and MHO participants at baseline. After a median of 4.2 years of follow-up, more MHO participants became metabolically unhealthy than MHNW participants. However, a subgroup of MHO participants who remained metabolically healthy (MHO → MHO) had a similar prevalence of metabolic disorders as the MHNW participants at the follow-up examination, despite a significant reduction in their serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and an elevation in valine, leucine, alanine and tyrosine. Further correlation analysis indicated that serum intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-CH) might be involved in the transition from metabolically healthy to unhealthy status and could be valuable to identify the MHNW and MHO with increased metabolic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000032 China
| | - Qing-xia Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hai-luan Zeng
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000032 China
| | - Shuai Ma
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000032 China
| | - Huan-dong Lin
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000032 China
| | - Ming-feng Xia
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000032 China
| | - Hui-ru Tang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000032 China
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Xin Gao
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Disease, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 2000032 China
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The structural simplification of lysergic acid as a natural lead for synthesizing novel anti-Alzheimer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 47:128205. [PMID: 34139326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, projected to be the second leading cause of mortality by 2040. AD is characterized by a progressive impairment of memory leading to dementia and loss of ability to carry out daily functions. In addition to the deficiency of acetylcholine release in synapse, there are other mechanisms explaining the etiology of the disease. The most disputing ones are associated with the accumulation of damaged proteins β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau outside and inside neurons, respectively. Lysergic acid derivatives have been shown to possess promising anti-Alzheimer effect. Moreover, lysergic acid structure encompasses the general structural requirements for acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In this study, sixteen analogues, derived from lysergic acid structure, were synthesized. Heck and Mannich reactions were carried out to 4-bromo indole nucleus to generate potentially active analogues. Some of them were subsequently cyclized by nitromethane and zinc reduction procedures. Some of these compounds showed neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects stronger than the currently used anti-Alzheimer drug; donepezil. Some of the synthesized com-pounds showed a noticeable acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Twelve molecular targets attributed with AD etiology were tested versus the synthesized compounds by in silico modeling. Docking scores of modeling were plotted against in vitro activity of the compounds. The one afforded the strongest positive correlation was ULK-1 which has a significant role in autophagy.
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Rovira-Llopis S, Díaz-Rúa R, Grau-del Valle C, Iannantuoni F, Abad-Jimenez Z, Bosch-Sierra N, Panadero-Romero J, Victor VM, Rocha M, Morillas C, Bañuls C. Characterization of Differentially Expressed Circulating miRNAs in Metabolically Healthy versus Unhealthy Obesity. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030321. [PMID: 33801145 PMCID: PMC8004231 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals without metabolic comorbidities are categorized as metabolically healthy obese (MHO). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be implicated in MHO. This cross-sectional study explores the link between circulating miRNAs and the main components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the context of obesity. We also examine oxidative stress biomarkers in MHO vs. metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). We analysed 3536 serum miRNAs in 20 middle-aged obese individuals: 10 MHO and 10 MUO. A total of 159 miRNAs were differentially expressed, of which, 72 miRNAs (45.2%) were higher and 87 miRNAs (54.7%) were lower in the MUO group. In addition, miRNAs related to insulin signalling and lipid metabolism pathways were upregulated in the MUO group. Among these miRNAs, hsa-miR-6796-5p and hsa-miR-4697-3p, which regulate oxidative stress, showed significant correlations with glucose, triglycerides, HbA1c and HDLc. Our results provide evidence of a pattern of differentially expressed miRNAs in obesity according to MetS, and identify those related to insulin resistance and lipid metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (R.D.-R.); (C.G.-d.V.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (N.B.-S.); (V.M.V.); (M.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Rubén Díaz-Rúa
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (R.D.-R.); (C.G.-d.V.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (N.B.-S.); (V.M.V.); (M.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmen Grau-del Valle
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (R.D.-R.); (C.G.-d.V.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (N.B.-S.); (V.M.V.); (M.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (R.D.-R.); (C.G.-d.V.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (N.B.-S.); (V.M.V.); (M.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Zaida Abad-Jimenez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (R.D.-R.); (C.G.-d.V.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (N.B.-S.); (V.M.V.); (M.R.); (C.M.)
| | - Neus Bosch-Sierra
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (R.D.-R.); (C.G.-d.V.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (N.B.-S.); (V.M.V.); (M.R.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Víctor M. Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (R.D.-R.); (C.G.-d.V.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (N.B.-S.); (V.M.V.); (M.R.); (C.M.)
- CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46015 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (R.D.-R.); (C.G.-d.V.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (N.B.-S.); (V.M.V.); (M.R.); (C.M.)
- CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (R.D.-R.); (C.G.-d.V.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (N.B.-S.); (V.M.V.); (M.R.); (C.M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46015 Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (R.D.-R.); (C.G.-d.V.); (F.I.); (Z.A.-J.); (N.B.-S.); (V.M.V.); (M.R.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-189-132
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Zhang SS, Yang XJ, Ma QH, Xu Y, Chen X, Wang P, Pan CW. Leukocyte related parameters in older adults with metabolically healthy and unhealthy overweight or obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4652. [PMID: 33633339 PMCID: PMC7907258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unclear whether leukocyte-related parameters could be used as biomarkers to differentiate metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) from metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO). We aimed to examine the differences in the distribution of leukocyte-related parameters between older adults with MHO and MUO and the correlations of leukocyte-related parameters with individual components of metabolic abnormality. In the Weitang Geriatric Diseases Study on older Chinese adults aged 60 years or above, 404 individuals with MHO and 480 with MUO contributed to the analysis. Overweight/obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or more. MHO and MUO were discriminated based on the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Leukocyte-related parameters were assessed using an automated hematology analyzer. All leukocyte-related parameters except monocytes were elevated in MUO group compared with MHO group (all P < 0.05). The prevalence of MUO increased by 24% with each 109/L increase of leukocytes after adjusting for confounders in the multiple-adjusted model (P < 0.01) and each unit elevation of other parameters except lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly associated with the presence of MUO (all P < 0.01). Trend tests revealed a linear trend for the association between MUO and all the leukocyte-related parameters (all P for trend < 0.05). Significant interactions between leukocyte-related parameters and sex on the presence of MUO were observed (all P value for interaction < 0.05). Higher leukocyte-related parameters were found in patients with MUO than those with MHO and were associated with higher prevalence of MUO which seems to be sex-dependent. Further studies are needed to see whether these parameters could be used as biomarkers for the screening or diagnosis for MUO in clinical or public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Yang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qing-Hua Ma
- The 3rd People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou, 215134, China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Children Health Care, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.26, Dao Qian Road, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health,, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Hernández-Avalos I, Flores-Gasca E, Mota-Rojas D, Casas-Alvarado A, Miranda-Cortés AE, Domínguez-Oliva A. Neurobiology of anesthetic-surgical stress and induced behavioral changes in dogs and cats: A review. Vet World 2021; 14:393-404. [PMID: 33776304 PMCID: PMC7994130 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.393-404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anesthetic-surgical stress response consists of metabolic, neuroendocrine, hemodynamic, immunological, and behavioral adaptations through chemical mediators such as the adrenocorticotropic hormone, growth hormone, antidiuretic hormone, cortisol, aldosterone, angiotensin II, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, catecholamines, insulin, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and prostaglandin E-2. Behavioral changes include adopting the so-called prayer posture, altered facial expressions, hyporexia or anorexia, drowsiness, sleep disorders, restriction of movement, licking or biting the injured area, and vocalizations. Overall, these changes are essential mechanisms to counteract harmful stimuli. However, if uncontrolled surgical stress persists, recovery time may be prolonged, along with increased susceptibility to infections in the post-operative period. This review discusses the neurobiology and most relevant organic responses to pain and anesthetic-surgical stress in dogs and cats. It highlights the role of stress biomarkers and their influence on autonomous and demeanor aspects and emphasizes the importance of understanding and correlating all factors to provide a more accurate assessment of pain and animal welfare in dogs and cats throughout the surgical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hernández-Avalos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, State of Mexico 54714, Mexico
| | - E Flores-Gasca
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, State of Mexico 54714, Mexico
| | - D Mota-Rojas
- Neurophysiology of Pain, Behavior and Assessment of Welfare in Domestic Animals, DPAA, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - A Casas-Alvarado
- Master in Agricultural Sciences. Animal Welfare, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - A E Miranda-Cortés
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, State of Mexico 54714, Mexico
| | - A Domínguez-Oliva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Veterinary Anesthesia, Faculty of Higher Studies Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, State of Mexico 54714, Mexico
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Michurina S, Stafeev I, Podkuychenko N, Sklyanik I, Shestakova E, Yah'yaev K, Yurasov A, Ratner E, Menshikov M, Parfyonova Y, Shestakova M. Decreased UCP-1 expression in beige adipocytes from adipose-derived stem cells of type 2 diabetes patients associates with mitochondrial ROS accumulation during obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 169:108410. [PMID: 32882342 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adipose derived stem cells (ADSC) are defective in metabolic disorders in various functionalities and properties including differentiation, multipotent state, metabolism and immunomodulation. However, the role of ADSC beiging potential in promoting of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development remains unclear. Here we uncover association between potential of subcutaneous ADSC to beige differentiation and T2DM in patients with obesity. METHODS ADSC were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of patients with long morbid obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or T2DM. ADSC were differentiated into white or beige adipocytes and levels of thermogenic markers, lipid metabolism and electron transport chain (ETC) genes was analyzed by Western blotting and RT-PCR. ROS production was estimated by fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS We have shown decreased UCP-1 expression in beige adipocytes from T2DM patients. Nevertheless, signal and expression activities of lipolysis were equal in NGT and T2DM beige adipocytes. Expression analysis of ETC genes also has not shown any statistically significant differences. Interestingly, we revealed increased mitochondrial ROS production in T2DM beige adipocytes during beige differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, compromised UCP1 expression in beige adipocytes of T2DM patients may cause increase of mitochondrial ROS. Elevated oxidative level is liable to act as damaging mechanism leading to insulin resistance or, alternatively, serve as compensatory mechanism for thermogenesis activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Michurina
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Iurii Stafeev
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikita Podkuychenko
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Kamil Yah'yaev
- Central Clinical Hospital #1 of LLC Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoliy Yurasov
- Central Clinical Hospital #1 of LLC Russian Railways, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Ratner
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yelena Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Sitar-Taut AV, Coste SC, Tarmure S, Orasan OH, Fodor A, Negrean V, Pop D, Zdrenghea D, Login C, Tiperciuc B, Cozma A. Diabetes and Obesity-Cumulative or Complementary Effects On Adipokines, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092767. [PMID: 32858998 PMCID: PMC7564772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes and obesity are increasingly significant public health issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adipocytokines (leptin, ghrelin, and chemerin), inflammation (sVCAM1—soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1, sICAM1—soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1), and insulin resistance in the presence of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Methods: 88 subjects, with a mean age of 61.96 ± 10.15 years, 75% of whom were women, were evaluated (in order to consider different associations between obesity and diabetes, subjects were categorized into four groups). Results: Overall, we found significant correlations between sICAM1-sVCAM1 rho = 0.426 and ghrelin-chemerin rho = −0.224. In the obesity + diabetes group, leptin correlated with sICAM1 rho = 0.786, and sVCAM1 negatively with glycemia/insulin rho = −0.85. Significant differences were found between the groups regarding sVCAM1 (p = 0.0134), leptin (p = 0.0265) and all insulin resistance scores, with differences influenced by the subjects’ gender. In conclusion, although there are currently many unknown aspects of the release and the role of various adipokines, in particular chemerin, its implication in early glucose metabolism dysregulation disorders seems very likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela-Viviana Sitar-Taut
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sorina Cezara Coste
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Simina Tarmure
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Olga Hilda Orasan
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriana Fodor
- Clinical Center of Diabetes, Nutrition, Metabolic diseases, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania;
| | - Vasile Negrean
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Dana Pop
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dumitru Zdrenghea
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (D.P.); (D.Z.)
| | - Cezar Login
- Department Physiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania;
| | - Brandusa Tiperciuc
- Department Pharmaceut Chem “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania;
| | - Angela Cozma
- Internal Medicine Department, 4th Medical Clinic “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, CJ, Romania; (S.C.C.); (S.T.); (O.H.O.); (V.N.); (A.C.)
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The effect of soya consumption on inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:780-791. [PMID: 32814603 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a major cause of chronic diseases. Several studies have investigated the effects of soya intake on inflammatory biomarkers; however, the results are equivocal. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials that evaluated the effect of soya consumption on inflammatory biomarkers. Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar were systematically searched, up to and including May 2020, for clinical trials that evaluated the effects of soya and soya products on TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, IL-1β and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in adults. A random effects method was used to calculate overall effects, and subgroup analyses were performed to discern probable sources of inter-study heterogeneity. A total of twenty-eight clinical trials were included. Although soya consumption reduced TNF-α (Hedges' g = -0·28; 95 % CI -0·49, -0·07), it had no significant effect on IL-6 (Hedges' g = 0·07, 95 % CI -0·14, 0·28), IL-2 (mean difference (MD) = -1·38 pg/ml; 95 % CI -3·07, 0·31), IL-1β (MD = -0·02 pg/ml; 95 % CI -0·08, 0·03) and IFN-γ (MD = 1685·82 pg/ml; 95 % CI -1604·86, 4976·50). Subgroup analysis illustrated a reduction in TNF-α in parallel designed studies, at dosages ≥100 mg of isoflavones, and in unhealthy subjects. The present study showed that high doses of isoflavones in unhealthy subjects may yield beneficial effects on TNF-α.
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Exploring Therapeutic Targets to Reverse or Prevent the Transition from Metabolically Healthy to Unhealthy Obesity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071596. [PMID: 32630256 PMCID: PMC7407965 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related metabolic comorbidities are rapidly increasing worldwide, placing a huge economic burden on health systems. Excessive nutrient supply combined with reduced physical exercise results in positive energy balance that promotes adipose tissue expansion. However, the metabolic response and pattern of fat accumulation is variable, depending on the individual’s genetic and acquired susceptibility factors. Some develop metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and are resistant to obesity-associated metabolic diseases for some time, whereas others readily develop metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). An unhealthy response to excess fat accumulation could be due to susceptibility intrinsic factors (e.g., increased likelihood of dedifferentiation and/or inflammation), or by pathogenic drivers extrinsic to the adipose tissue (e.g., hyperinsulinemia), or a combination of both. This review outlines the major transcriptional factors and genes associated with adipogenesis and regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis and describes which of these are disrupted in MUO compared to MHO individuals. It also examines the potential role of pathogenic insulin hypersecretion as an extrinsic factor capable of driving the changes in adipose tissue which cause transition from MHO to MUO. On this basis, therapeutic approaches currently available and emerging to prevent and reverse the transition from MHO to MUO transition are reviewed.
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Duque AP, Rodrigues Junior LF, Mediano MFF, Tibiriça E, De Lorenzo A. Emerging concepts in metabolically healthy obesity. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2020; 10:48-61. [PMID: 32685263 PMCID: PMC7364278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases that is responsible for more than 70% of early deaths in the world. In the 1980's decade, some studies started to describe a "benign" obesity phenotype, named "metabolically healthy obesity" (MHO), which represents obesity without comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome. However, it is still unclear if this "benign" obesity phenotype is really favorable or just a transition status to unhealthy obesity and if these subjects presented subclinical levels of cardiovascular risk that are not commonly detected. To further elucidate these issues, the investigation of pathophysiological mechanisms that can increase cardiovascular risk in MHO individuals, such as hormones and cytokines, may offer some responses. In parallel, the evaluation of subclinical cardiovascular derangement, using the systemic microcirculation as a proxy, may be an alternative to anticipate overt cardiovascular disease. Overall, further studies are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of MHO as well as to identify high-risk individuals who deserve more intensive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice P Duque
- Department of Research and Education, National Institute of CardiologyRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Rodrigues Junior
- Department of Research and Education, National Institute of CardiologyRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of The State of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro F F Mediano
- Department of Research and Education, National Institute of CardiologyRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz FoundationRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibiriça
- Department of Research and Education, National Institute of CardiologyRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea De Lorenzo
- Department of Research and Education, National Institute of CardiologyRio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Smith GI, Mittendorfer B, Klein S. Metabolically healthy obesity: facts and fantasies. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:3978-3989. [PMID: 31524630 DOI: 10.1172/jci129186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although obesity is typically associated with metabolic dysfunction and cardiometabolic diseases, some people with obesity are protected from many of the adverse metabolic effects of excess body fat and are considered "metabolically healthy." However, there is no universally accepted definition of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Most studies define MHO as having either 0, 1, or 2 metabolic syndrome components, whereas many others define MHO using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Therefore, numerous people reported as having MHO are not metabolically healthy, but simply have fewer metabolic abnormalities than those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Nonetheless, a small subset of people with obesity have a normal HOMA-IR and no metabolic syndrome components. The mechanism(s) responsible for the divergent effects of obesity on metabolic health is not clear, but studies conducted in rodent models suggest that differences in adipose tissue biology in response to weight gain can cause or prevent systemic metabolic dysfunction. In this article, we review the definition, stability over time, and clinical outcomes of MHO, and discuss the potential factors that could explain differences in metabolic health in people with MHO and MUO - specifically, modifiable lifestyle factors and adipose tissue biology. Better understanding of the factors that distinguish people with MHO and MUO can produce new insights into mechanism(s) responsible for obesity-related metabolic dysfunction and disease.
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Hamjane N, Benyahya F, Nourouti NG, Mechita MB, Barakat A. Cardiovascular diseases and metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity: What is the role of inflammatory responses? A systematic review. Microvasc Res 2020; 131:104023. [PMID: 32485192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a chronic disease responsible for a high morbidity and mortality rate, with an increasing worldwide prevalence. Obesity is associated with immune responses characterized by chronic systemic inflammation. This article focuses on the mechanisms that explain the proposed link between obesity-associated diseases and inflammation. Also, it describes the role of inflammatory molecules in obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities. METHODS More than 200 articles were selected and consulted by an online English search using various electronic search databases. Predefined key-words for the pathogenesis of obesity-induced inflammation and associated diseases, as well as the role of various inflammatory molecules, were used. RESULTS We have summarized the data of the articles consulted in this research and we have found that obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammation resulting from the change of adipose tissue (AT). The AT produces a variety of inflammatory molecules called adipocytokines that are involved in the onset of systemic low-grade inflammation which is the link between obesity and associated-chronic abnormalities; such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, and some cancers. Also, we have searched all the inflammatory molecules involved in this pathogenesis and we have briefly described the role of 16 of them which are the most related to obesity-associated inflammation. The results have shown that there are inflammatory molecules that have a positive relationship with the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases and others have a negative relationship with this pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of various metabolic-abnormalities related to obesity. In this regard, the management of obesity may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and other metabolic complications by inhibiting inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hamjane
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco.
| | | | - Naima Ghailani Nourouti
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Mohcine Bennani Mechita
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Amina Barakat
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tangier, Morocco
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Abstract
A peculiar category of persons with obesity lacking common metabolic disturbances has been depicted and termed as metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). Yet, although MHO patients are free of obesity-associated complications, they might not be entirely precluded from developing cardio-metabolic disorders. Among patients with morbid obesity (MO) who are referred to bariatric surgery, a subset of metabolically healthy MO (MHMO) has been identified and the question arises if these patients would benefit from surgery in terms of mitigating the peril of cardio-metabolic complications. We revisited the pathophysiological mechanisms that define MHO, the currently available data on the cardio-metabolic risk of these patients and finally we reviewed the benefits of bariatric surgery and the urge to better characterize MHMO before submission to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Florinela Cătoi
- Pathophysiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, 'Iuliu Hațieganu', University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca Romania, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Luca Busetto
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Karczewska-Kupczewska M, Nikołajuk A, Stefanowicz M, Matulewicz N, Kowalska I, Strączkowski M. Serum and adipose tissue chemerin is differentially related to insulin sensitivity. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:360-369. [PMID: 32244224 PMCID: PMC7219139 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess serum chemerin concentration and s.c. adipose tissue (SAT) chemerin expression in relation to insulin sensitivity and obesity in young healthy subjects. DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional study including 128 subjects, 44 with normal weight, 44 with overweight and 40 with obesity. METHODS Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and SAT biopsy were performed. Next, 30 subjects with obesity underwent 12-week weight-reducing dietary intervention. RESULTS Serum chemerin was higher and SAT chemerin expression was lower in subjects with obesity in comparison with other groups. The relationship of serum chemerin with SAT expression and insulin sensitivity were positive in normal weight and overweight individuals, and negative in individuals with obesity. In the entire study population, serum chemerin was also positively related to hsCRP, serum fetuin A and alanine aminotransferase. SAT chemerin was positively related to insulin sensitivity, SAT insulin signaling and adipogenic genes. Weight loss decreased serum chemerin, whereas SAT chemerin increased in subjects with the highest increase in insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Serum and SAT chemerin is differentially associated with insulin sensitivity and the relationship between serum chemerin and insulin sensitivity depends on adiposity. SAT chemerin is positively associated with insulin sensitivity across a wide range of BMIs and may be proposed as a biomarker of metabolically healthy SAT. Our results suggest that SAT is not the main source of serum chemerin in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Karczewska-Kupczewska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence should be addressed to M Karczewska-Kupczewska:
| | - Agnieszka Nikołajuk
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Magdalena Stefanowicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Matulewicz
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Irina Kowalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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44
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Koka S, Xi L, Kukreja RC. Chronic inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 with tadalafil affords cardioprotection in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome: role of nitric oxide. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 468:47-58. [PMID: 32162053 PMCID: PMC10726535 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) often exhibit generalized endothelial and cardiac dysfunction with decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and/or bioavailability. Since phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors restore NO signaling, we hypothesized that chronic treatment with long-acting PDE5 inhibitor tadalafil may enhance plasma NO levels and reduce cardiac dysfunction following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in C57BL/6NCrl-Leprdb-lb/Crl mice with MetS phenotypes. Adult male MetS mice were randomized to receive vehicle solvent or tadalafil (1 mg/kg,i.p.) daily for 28 days and C57BL/6NCrl mice served as healthy wild-type controls. After 28 days, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and hearts from a subset of mice were isolated and subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion (I/R) in ex vivo Langendorff mode. Body weight, blood lipids, and glucose levels were elevated in MetS mice as compared with wild-type controls. The dyslipidemia in MetS was ameliorated following tadalafil treatment. Although left ventricular (LV) systolic function was minimally altered in the MetS mice, there was a significant diastolic dysfunction as indicated by reduction in the ratio of peak velocity of early to late filling of the mitral inflow, which was significantly improved by tadalafil treatment. Post-ischemic cardiac function, heart rate, and coronary flow decreased significantly in MetS mice compared to wild-type controls, but preserved by tadalafil treatment. Myocardial infarct size was significantly smaller following I/R, which was associated with higher plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite in the tadalafil-treated MetS mice. In conclusion, tadalafil induces significant cardioprotective effects as shown by improvement of LV diastolic function, lipid profile, and reduced infarct size following I/R. Tadalafil treatment enhanced NO production, which may have contributed to the cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisudha Koka
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Lei Xi
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA
| | - Rakesh C Kukreja
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 East Marshall Street, Room 7-020D, Box 980204, Richmond, VA, 23298-0204, USA.
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45
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Cho YK, Lee J, Kim HS, Park JY, Lee WJ, Kim YJ, Jung CH. Impact of Transition in Metabolic Health and Obesity on the Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5713528. [PMID: 31967306 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is a dynamic condition. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among people with MHO according to its longitudinal change. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING A nationwide population-based cohort. PARTICIPANTS A total of 514 866 people from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. INTERVENTION The initial presence and changes of obesity (using body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference [WC]) and metabolic health status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Incident CKD from 2011 to 2015. RESULTS Of the people classified as MHO at baseline (BMI criteria), 47.6% remained as MHO in 2011 and 2012, whereas 12.1%, 5.5%, and 34.8% were classified as metabolically healthy, non-obese (MHNO), metabolically unhealthy, non-obese, and metabolically unhealthy, obese, respectively. The risk of incident CKD in the baseline MHO group was higher than that in the MHNO group (hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.36). However, when transition was taken into account, people who converted to MHNO were not at increased risk (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.32), whereas the stable MHO group and the groups that evolved to metabolically unhealthy status had a higher risk of incident CKD than the stable MHNO group. When the risk was analyzed using WC criteria, it showed a similar pattern to BMI criteria except for the stable MHO group. CONCLUSIONS MHO was a dynamic condition, and people with MHO constituted a heterogeneous group. Although the MHO phenotype was generally associated with incident CKD, maintenance of metabolic health and weight reduction might alleviate the risk of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi Seung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Yeol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Je Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jee Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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46
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Al-Sulaiti H, Diboun I, Agha MV, Mohamed FFS, Atkin S, Dömling AS, Elrayess MA, Mazloum NA. Metabolic signature of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. J Transl Med 2019; 17:348. [PMID: 31640727 PMCID: PMC6805293 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, some obese individuals maintain their insulin sensitivity and exhibit a lower risk of associated comorbidities. The underlying metabolic pathways differentiating obese insulin sensitive (OIS) and obese insulin resistant (OIR) individuals remain unclear. Methods In this study, 107 subjects underwent untargeted metabolomics of serum samples using the Metabolon platform. Thirty-two subjects were lean controls whilst 75 subjects were obese including 20 OIS, 41 OIR, and 14 T2DM individuals. Results Our results showed that phospholipid metabolites including choline, glycerophosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphorylcholine were significantly altered from OIS when compared with OIR and T2DM individuals. Furthermore, our data confirmed changes in metabolic markers of liver disease, vascular disease and T2DM, such as 3-hydroxymyristate, dimethylarginine and 1,5-anhydroglucitol, respectively. Conclusion This pilot data has identified phospholipid metabolites as potential novel biomarkers of obesity-associated insulin sensitivity and confirmed the association of known metabolites with increased risk of obesity-associated insulin resistance, with possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Further studies are warranted to confirm these associations in prospective cohorts and to investigate their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Al-Sulaiti
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilhame Diboun
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Stephen Atkin
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland, Bahrain
| | - Alex S Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Ionica M, Aburel OM, Vaduva A, Petrus A, Rațiu S, Olariu S, Sturza A, Muntean DM. Vitamin D alleviates oxidative stress in adipose tissue and mesenteric vessels from obese patients with subclinical inflammation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:85-92. [PMID: 31545914 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an age-independent, lifestyle-triggered, pandemic disease associated with both endothelial and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) dysfunction leading to cardiometabolic complications mediated via increased oxidative stress and persistent chronic inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to assess the oxidative stress in VAT and vascular samples and the effect of in vitro administration of vitamin D. VAT and mesenteric artery branches were harvested during abdominal surgery performed on patients referred for general surgery (n = 30) that were randomized into two subgroups: nonobese and obese. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and vitamin D were measured. Tissue samples were treated or not with the active form of vitamin D: 1,25(OH)2D3 (100 nmol/L, 12 h). The main findings are that in obese patients, (i) a low vitamin D status was associated with increased inflammatory markers and reactive oxygen species generation in VAT and vascular samples and (ii) in vitro incubation with vitamin D alleviated oxidative stress in VAT and vascular preparations and also improved the vascular function. We report here that the serum level of vitamin D is inversely correlated with the magnitude of oxidative stress in the adipose tissue. Ex vivo treatment with active vitamin D mitigated obesity-related oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Ionica
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania
| | - Oana M Aburel
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania
| | - Adrian Vaduva
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Petrus
- Department of Microscopic Morphology-Morphopathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania
| | - Sonia Rațiu
- Department of Surgery II, 1st Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania
| | - Sorin Olariu
- Department of Surgery II, 1st Clinic of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania
| | - Adrian Sturza
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania
| | - Danina M Muntean
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timi̦soara, Timi̦soara, Romania
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48
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Călinoiu LF, Cătoi AF, Vodnar DC. Solid-State Yeast Fermented Wheat and Oat Bran as A Route for Delivery of Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090372. [PMID: 31487918 PMCID: PMC6770529 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the potential of solid-state yeast fermentation (SSYF) in improving the phenolic acid content and composition, and the antioxidant activity of commercial wheat bran (WB) and oat bran (OB). The ultrasound-assisted methanolic extracts were compared for their total phenolic content (TPC), phenolics composition, and in vitro antioxidant activity in order to study the effect of fermentation time on the chemical profile and activity of bioactive compounds. The comparative analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between days of fermentation (0 through 6). The highest TPCs were obtained on day 3 for WB (0.84 ± 0.05 mg of gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g dry weight [DW]), and on day 4 for OB (0.45 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g DW). The highest relative percentage increase in the phenolics concentration of WB was also registered on day 3 (ferulic acid +56.6%, vanillic acid +259.3%, dihydroxybenzoic acids +161.2%, apigenin-glucoside +15.3%); for OB, this was observed on day 4 (avenanthramide 2f +48.5%, ferulic acid +21.2%). Enhanced antioxidant activities were significantly correlated with the highest TPCs. Our results suggest that SSYF may be a useful procedure for enrichment of antioxidants in cereal bran, considering the design of different functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Florina Călinoiu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adriana-Florinela Cătoi
- Department of Pathophysiology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş street 3-4, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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49
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Horáková D, Štěpánek L, Janout V, Janoutová J, Pastucha D, Kollárová H, Petráková A, Štěpánek L, Husár R, Martiník K. Optimal Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Cut-Offs: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Czech Population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55050158. [PMID: 31108989 PMCID: PMC6571793 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The key pathogenetic mechanism of glucose metabolism disorders, insulin resistance (IR), can be assessed using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). However, its application in clinical practice is limited due to the absence of cut-offs. In this study, we aimed to define the cut-offs for the Czech population. Methods: After undergoing anthropometric and biochemical studies, the sample of 3539 individuals was divided into either nondiabetics, including both subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 1947) and prediabetics (n = 1459), or diabetics (n = 133). The optimal HOMA-IR cut-offs between subgroups were determined to maximize the sum of the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes. The predictive accuracy was illustrated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association between a target variable (presence/absence of T2DM) depending on the HOMA-IR score as well as on the age and sex. Results: The HOMA-IR cut-off between nondiabetics and diabetics for both sexes together was 3.63, with a sensitivity of 0.56 and a specificity of 0.86. The area under the ROC curve was 0.73 for T2DM diagnosing in both sexes. The HOMA-IR cut-off between the NGT subjects and prediabetics was 1.82, with a sensitivity of 0.60 and a specificity of 0.66. Logistic regression showed that increased HOMA-IR is a risk factor for the presence of T2DM (odds ratio (OR) 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.28, p < 0.0001). The predictive ability of HOMA-IR in diagnosing T2DM is statistically significantly lower in females (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.98). The results are valid for middle-aged European adults. Conclusions: The results suggest the existence of HOMA-IR cut-offs signaling established IR. Introduction of the instrument into common clinical practice, together with the known cut-offs, may contribute to preventing T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Horáková
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ladislav Štěpánek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Janout
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Janoutová
- Department of Healthcare Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Helena Kollárová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Petráková
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lubomír Štěpánek
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovská 1, 12000 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Husár
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 3, 77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Martiník
- Ambulance Prof. MUDr. Karla Martiníka DrSc. s.r.o, Bratří Štefanů 895, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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50
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Yu H, Song Z, Zhang H, Zheng K, Zhan J, Luo Q, Sun J, Liang L, Dai X, Wu L. Duodenojejunal Bypass Plus Sleeve Gastrectomy Reduces Infiltration of Macrophages and Secretion of TNF-α in the Visceral White Adipose Tissue of Goto-Kakizaki Rats. Obes Surg 2019; 29:1742-1750. [PMID: 30734231 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-03755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current studies indicate that inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a pathogenic characteristic of insulin resistance. However, the significance of visceral WAT inflammation after bariatric surgery remains unclear. METHODS Duodenojejunal bypass plus sleeve gastrectomy (DJB-SG) was performed on Goto-Kakisaki rats. Weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the DJB-SG group were compared to those in a sham surgery (SHAM) group every 2 weeks. The results of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the volume of visceral adipose tissue (Visc.Fat) were compared before and 8 weeks postsurgery. Eight weeks after surgery, the rats were sacrificed and visceral WAT collected from the greater omentum. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) expression in the WAT were evaluated in paraffin-embedded sections by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with the SHAM group, the DJB-SG group demonstrated a significant reduction in weight, FBG, and HOMA-IR (P < 0.05), with elevation of insulin levels (P < 0.05) from 4 weeks after surgery. OGTT and the quantity of Visc.Fat were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) 8 weeks after surgery. Moreover, the expression of TNF-α and CD68 in the visceral white adipose tissue was significantly lower 8 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The DJB-SG model established in Goto-Kakisaki rats achieved anticipated efficacy. Reduced TNF-α-related inflammation in visceral WAT may result in improved insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Zhigao Song
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Metabolic Surgery,, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Metabolic Surgery,, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kehong Zheng
- Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Junfang Zhan
- Physical Examination Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Department of Metabolic Surgery,, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Liang
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaojiang Dai
- Department of Metabolic Surgery, UDM Medical Group, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Abdominal surgery, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Liangping Wu
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Department of Metabolic Surgery, UDM Medical Group, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Abdominal surgery, Jinshazhou Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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