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Tsuruta H, Yasuda-Yamahara M, Yoshibayashi M, Kuwagata S, Yamahara K, Tanaka-Sasaki Y, Chin-Kanasaki M, Matsumoto S, Ema M, Kume S. Fructose overconsumption accelerates renal dysfunction with aberrant glomerular endothelial-mesangial cell interactions in db/db mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167074. [PMID: 38354758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
For the advancement of DKD treatment, identifying unrecognized residual risk factors is essential. We explored the impact of obesity diversity derived from different carbohydrate qualities, with an emphasis on the increasing trend of excessive fructose consumption and its effect on DKD progression. In this study, we utilized db/db mice to establish a novel diabetic model characterized by fructose overconsumption, aiming to uncover the underlying mechanisms of renal damage. Compared to the control diet group, the fructose-fed db/db mice exhibited more pronounced obesity yet demonstrated milder glucose intolerance. Plasma cystatin C levels were elevated in the fructose model compared to the control, and this elevation was accompanied by enhanced glomerular sclerosis, even though albuminuria levels and tubular lesions were comparable. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the whole kidney highlighted an increase in Lrg1 in glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) in the fructose model, which appeared to drive mesangial fibrosis through enhanced TGF-β1 signaling. Our findings suggest that excessive fructose intake exacerbates diabetic kidney disease progression, mediated by aberrant Lrg1-driven crosstalk between GECs and mesangial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tsuruta
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mako Yasuda-Yamahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yoshibayashi
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shogo Kuwagata
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamahara
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka-Sasaki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masami Chin-Kanasaki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shoma Matsumoto
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shinji Kume
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
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Komnenov D, Al-Hadidi M, Ali H, Al-Jamal M, Salami K, Shelbaya S, Tayeb K, Domin D, Elhamzawy R. Dietary Fructose and Sodium Consumed during Early Mid-Life Are Associated with Hypertensive End-Organ Damage by Late Mid-Life in the CARDIA Cohort. Nutrients 2024; 16:913. [PMID: 38612947 PMCID: PMC11013729 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate how dietary fructose and sodium impact blood pressure and risk of hypertensive target organ damage 10 years later. Data from n = 3116 individuals were obtained from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Four groups were identified based on the four possible combinations of the lower and upper 50th percentile for sodium (in mg) and fructose (expressed as percent of total daily calories). Differences among groups were ascertained and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the risk of hypertensive target organ damage (diastolic dysfunction, coronary calcification and albuminuria). Individuals in the low-fructose + low-sodium group were found to have lower SBP compared to those in the low-fructose + high-sodium and high-fructose + high-sodium groups (p < 0.05). The highest risk for hypertensive target organ damage was found for albuminuria only in the high-fructose + high-sodium group (OR = 3.328, p = 0.006) while female sex was protective across all groups against coronary calcification. Our findings highlight that sodium alone may not be the culprit for hypertension and hypertensive target organ damage, but rather when combined with an increased intake of dietary fructose, especially in middle-aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Komnenov
- Physiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.-H.); (H.A.); (M.A.-J.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (R.E.)
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Mohammad Al-Hadidi
- Physiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.-H.); (H.A.); (M.A.-J.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (R.E.)
| | - Hamza Ali
- Physiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.-H.); (H.A.); (M.A.-J.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (R.E.)
| | - Malik Al-Jamal
- Physiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.-H.); (H.A.); (M.A.-J.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (R.E.)
| | - Kassim Salami
- Physiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.-H.); (H.A.); (M.A.-J.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (R.E.)
| | - Samy Shelbaya
- Physiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.-H.); (H.A.); (M.A.-J.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (R.E.)
| | - Kareem Tayeb
- Physiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.-H.); (H.A.); (M.A.-J.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (R.E.)
| | - Daniel Domin
- Physiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.-H.); (H.A.); (M.A.-J.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (R.E.)
| | - Rana Elhamzawy
- Physiology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.A.-H.); (H.A.); (M.A.-J.); (K.S.); (K.T.); (R.E.)
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3
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Niu B, Pan T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Tian F, Lu W, Chen W. The therapeutic potential of dietary intervention: based on the mechanism of a tryptophan derivative-indole propionic acid on metabolic disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38189263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) contributes to individual immune homeostasis and good condition via three complex metabolism pathways (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), kynurenine (KP), and gut microbiota pathway). Indole propionic acid (IPA), one of the TRP derivatives of the microbiota pathway, has raised more attention because of its impact on metabolic disorders. Here, we retrospect increasing evidence that TRP metabolites/IPA derived from its proteolysis impact host health and disease. IPA can activate the immune system through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and/or Pregnane X receptor (PXR) as a vital mediator among diet-caused host and microbe cross-talk. Different levels of IPA in systemic circulation can predict the risk of NAFLD, T2DM, and CVD. IPA is suggested to alleviate cognitive impairment from oxidative damage, reduce gut inflammation, inhibit lipid accumulation and attenuate the symptoms of NAFLD, putatively enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier, and maintain intestinal homeostasis. Now, we provide a general description of the relationships between IPA and various physiological and pathological processes, which support an opportunity for diet intervention for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Osborne M, Bernard A, Falkowski E, Peterson D, Vavilikolanu A, Komnenov D. Longitudinal Associations of Dietary Fructose, Sodium, and Potassium and Psychological Stress with Vascular Aging Index and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the CARDIA Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 16:127. [PMID: 38201956 PMCID: PMC10780647 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We explored how dietary behaviors (sucrose, fructose, sodium, and potassium consumption) and endured psychological stress in young adult males and females impact the vascular aging index (VAI) and CVD risk by mid-life. Data were obtained from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, an ongoing longitudinal study. The included participants (n = 2656) had undergone carotid artery ultrasound at year 20 allowing VAIs to be calculated. Demographics, dietary data, and depression scores were obtained at baseline and year 20 of follow-up. Regression analyses were used to assess the predictors of VAI. Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk of CVD, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Predictors of vascular aging were found to be sex-specific. In females, depression scores at baseline were positively associated with VAI (B-weight = 0.063, p = 0.015). In males, sodium intake at year 20 positively predicted VAI (B-weight = 0.145, p = 0.003) and potassium intake inversely predicted VAI (B-weight = -0.160, p < 0.001). BMI significantly predicted CVD, stroke, and death. Fructose consumption at year 20 was a significant predictor of CVD risk while having high blood pressure at baseline was significantly associated with stroke risk. Our findings support the promotion of nutrient-specific behavior changes to prevent vascular aging in early adulthood and CVD risk in mid-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Osborne
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Alexa Bernard
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Emily Falkowski
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Deni Peterson
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Anusha Vavilikolanu
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Dragana Komnenov
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Tan X, Cui F, Wang D, Lv X, Li X, Li J. Fermented Vegetables: Health Benefits, Defects, and Current Technological Solutions. Foods 2023; 13:38. [PMID: 38201066 PMCID: PMC10777956 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes current studies on fermented vegetables, analyzing the changes in nutritional components during pickling, the health benefits of fermented vegetables, and their safety concerns. Additionally, the review provides an overview of the applications of emergent non-thermal technologies for addressing these safety concerns during the production and processing of fermented vegetables. It was found that vitamin C would commonly be lost, the soluble protein would degrade into free amino acids, new nutrient compositions would be produced, and the flavor correlated with the chemical changes. These changes would be influenced by the variety/location of raw materials, the original bacterial population, starter cultures, fermentation conditions, seasoning additions, and post-fermentation processing. Consuming fermented vegetables benefits human health, including antibacterial effects, regulating intestinal bacterial populations, and promoting health (anti-cancer effects, anti-diabetes effects, and immune regulation). However, fermented vegetables have chemical and biological safety concerns, such as biogenic amines and the formation of nitrites, as well as the existence of pathogenic microorganisms. To reduce hazardous components and control the quality of fermented vegetables, unique starter cultures, high pressure, ultrasound, cold plasma, photodynamic, and other technologies can be used to solve these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqian Tan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China (X.L.); (J.L.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Fangchao Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China (X.L.); (J.L.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Dangfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China (X.L.); (J.L.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Xinran Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China (X.L.); (J.L.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Xuepeng Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China (X.L.); (J.L.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China (X.L.); (J.L.)
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou 121013, China
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Zhang Y, Zheng T, Ma D, Shi P, Zhang H, Li J, Sun Z. Probiotics Bifidobacterium lactis M8 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus M9 prevent high blood pressure via modulating the gut microbiota composition and host metabolic products. mSystems 2023; 8:e0033123. [PMID: 37855616 PMCID: PMC10734487 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00331-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Elevated blood pressure affects 40% of the adult population, which accounts for high cardiovascular disease risk and further high mortality yearly. The global understanding of the gut microbiome for hypertension may provide important insights into the prevention. Bifidobacterium lactis M8 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus M9 originated from human breast milk, were able to decrease blood pressure, and modified metabolites in a high fructose-induced elevated blood pressure mouse model. Moreover, we found there was a close relationship between unexplored gut microbes and elevated blood pressure. Also, subsequently, the cross-link was explored among gut microbes, metabolites, and some metabolic pathways in gut microbial environment through introducing novel prediction methodology and bioinformatic analysis. It allowed us to hypothesize that probiotics can prevent elevated blood pressure via gut microbiota and related metabolism.Thus, utilization of dietary strategies (such as probiotics) to maintain the blood pressure level is of crucial importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB), Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Da Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Peng Shi
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
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Liang Q, Huang S, Wei J, Deng W, Li L. Exploring the Interactive Role of Parathyroid Hormone and Sodium Intake in Inducing Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats: A Novel Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e45154. [PMID: 37842376 PMCID: PMC10571376 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Previous research has suggested that hyperparathyroidism and excessive salt intake may contribute to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. This study aimed to investigate the relationship and underlying mechanisms between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and salt intake in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Additionally, the study sought to determine whether captopril intervention could reduce the impact of sustained PTH stimulation and excessive salt intake on LVH. Methodology We employed 40 eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were randomly assigned to eight groups: a sham group, a PTH group, a low-salt group (0.6% NaCl), a high-salt group (8% NaCl), a PTH + low-salt group, a PTH + high-salt group, a PTH + low salt + captopril group, and a PTH + high salt + captopril group. The rats were continuously infused with recombinant PTH (1-34) (2 pmol/kg per hour) via an osmotic pump for two weeks and were administered varying concentrations of saline for gavage over two weeks, according to their group. We monitored changes in blood pressure, measured heart weight, left ventricular wall thickness, and myocardial histological morphology, and assessed the relative expression of type III collagen. Results The PTH + high-salt group displayed a significant increase in blood pressure, heart weight, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (P<0.05), in addition to myocardial cell hypertrophy and increased Col III expression (P<0.05), compared to other groups. Captopril intervention significantly reduced blood pressure (P<0.05), ameliorated myocardial tissue morphology changes, and significantly decreased Col III expression (P<0.05) but did not entirely reverse the increase in heart weight and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (P>0.05). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the co-intervention of PTH and high salt can lead to an increase in blood pressure, heart weight, myocardial cell hypertrophy, LVH, and myocardial fibrosis levels in Sprague-Dawley rats. Captopril intervention can lower blood pressure and alleviate pathological myocardial tissue changes and myocardial fibrosis but cannot completely reverse LVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, CHN
| | - Shiqiong Huang
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, CHN
| | - Jianhang Wei
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, CHN
| | - Wenbin Deng
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, CHN
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, CHN
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8
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Liu Q, Chiavaroli L, Ayoub-Charette S, Ahmed A, Khan TA, Au-Yeung F, Lee D, Cheung A, Zurbau A, Choo VL, Mejia SB, de Souza RJ, Wolever TMS, Leiter LA, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Sievenpiper JL. Fructose-containing food sources and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0264802. [PMID: 37582096 PMCID: PMC10427023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether food source or energy mediates the effect of fructose-containing sugars on blood pressure (BP) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars at different levels of energy control on BP. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library through June 2021 for controlled trials ≥7-days. We prespecified 4 trial designs: substitution (energy matched substitution of sugars); addition (excess energy from sugars added); subtraction (excess energy from sugars subtracted); and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). Outcomes were systolic and diastolic BP. Independent reviewers extracted data. GRADE assessed the certainty of evidence. We included 93 reports (147 trial comparisons, N = 5,213) assessing 12 different food sources across 4 energy control levels in adults with and without hypertension or at risk for hypertension. Total fructose-containing sugars had no effect in substitution, subtraction, or ad libitum trials but decreased systolic and diastolic BP in addition trials (P<0.05). There was evidence of interaction/influence by food source: fruit and 100% fruit juice decreased and mixed sources (with sugar-sweetened beverages [SSBs]) increased BP in addition trials and the removal of SSBs (linear dose response gradient) and mixed sources (with SSBs) decreased BP in subtraction trials. The certainty of evidence was generally moderate. Food source and energy control appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on BP. The evidence provides a good indication that fruit and 100% fruit juice at low doses (up to or less than the public health threshold of ~10% E) lead to small, but important reductions in BP, while the addition of excess energy of mixed sources (with SSBs) at high doses (up to 23%) leads to moderate increases and their removal or the removal of SSBs alone (up to ~20% E) leads to small, but important decreases in BP in adults with and without hypertension or at risk for hypertension. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02716870.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Chiavaroli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabrina Ayoub-Charette
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amna Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tauseef A. Khan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annette Cheung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivian L. Choo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas M. S. Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- INQUIS Clinical Research Ltd. (formerly GI Labs), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence A. Leiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Zheng X, Guan Q, Lin X. Changing trends of the disease burden of non-rheumatic valvular heart disease in China from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions: Findings from global burden of disease study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:912661. [PMID: 36741848 PMCID: PMC9897059 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.912661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective China has an increasing burden of non-rheumatic valvular heart disease (NRVHD) as the aging of the population is deepening. The aim was to assess the age and sex-specific prevalence and DALYs of NRVHD in China from 1990 to 2019 and to predict the burden in the next 25 years. Methods The Global Burden of Disease Study (2019) was used to extract the data of age- and sex-specific incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of NRVHD in China, 1990-2019. We estimated the annual percentage change (EAPC) to access the temporal trends of the disease burden of NRVHD. The R package called Nordpred was used to perform an age-period-cohort analysis to predict the prevalence of NRVHD in the next 25 years. Results The number of incident cases of NRVHD increased from 93.16 thousand in 1990 to 325.05 thousand in 2019. Overall upward trends were observed in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) from 1990 to 2019. Significant temporal trends in mortality and DALYs of NRVHD were observed. High systolic blood pressure, high sodium diet, and lead exposure were the main driving forces for NRVHD. In the next 25 years, the number of new cases and deaths of NRVHD should continue to increase to 390.64 thousand and 10.0 thousand, respectively. The ASIR should show an upward trend, while the ASMR should show a downward trend among men and women. Conclusion In China, the overall rates of NRVHD have increased over the past 30 years, and there has been a substantial increase in the burden of NRVHD due to population growth and aging and will continue to increase in the next 25 years. Our results can help shape a multifactorial approach and public policy to reduce the NRVHD burden throughout China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fujian Cardiovascular Institute, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Clinical Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Fujian Heart Failure Center Alliance, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Xiaoxin Zheng,
| | - Qing Guan
- The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,Qing Guan,
| | - Xiuquan Lin
- Department for Chronic and Non-Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Xiuquan Lin,
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10
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Traditional Fermented Dairy Products in Southern Mediterranean Countries: From Tradition to Innovation. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented dairy products have been essential elements in the diet of Southern Mediterranean countries for centuries. This review aims to provide an overview of the traditional fermented products in Southern Mediterranean countries, with a focus on fermented dairy products, and to discuss innovative strategies to make improved versions of these traditional products. A large variety of fermented dairy products were reviewed, showing high diversity, depending on the used raw materials, starter cultures, and preparation procedures. Traditionally, dairy products were fermented using spontaneous fermentation, back-slopping, and/or the addition of rennet. Compared with commercial products, traditional products are characterized by peculiar organoleptic features owing to the indigenous microflora. The main limitation of traditional products is preservation as most products were consumed fresh. In addition to drying, brine or oil was used to extend the product shelf life but resulted in high salt/fat products. Several studies suggested alternative ingredients/processing to make revised products with new flavors, improved nutritional quality, and a longer shelf life. There is still plenty of room for more research to obtain a better understanding of the indigenous microflora and on quality improvement and standardization to reach a wider market.
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11
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Mustafina LR, Logvinov SV, Naryzhnaya NV, Kurbatov BK, Maslov LN. The effect of age and a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on the development of arterial hypertension and kidney disease in the experiment. BULLETIN OF SIBERIAN MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.20538/1682-0363-2022-3-73-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aim. To identify the structural foundations of the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and kidney disease associated with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet and age.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats aged 60 and 450 days. The animals were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (n = 14) – intact rats (60 days old) fed with a standard diet for 90 days; group 2 (n = 14) – rats (aged 60 days) receiving a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for 90 days; group 3 (n = 14) – intact rats (aged 450 days) receiving a standard diet for 90 days; group 4 (n = 14) – rats (aged 450 days) fed with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for 90 days. Clinical and instrumental research methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemistry and histology techniques were used in the study.Results. Feeding 60-day-old animals with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet resulted in an increase in body weight and abdominal fat, a rise in systolic blood pressure, and moderately pronounced histologic changes in the kidneys. In intact 450-day-old rats, age-related changes prevailed: changes in the myocardial mass, an increase in TGF-β1, morphological changes in the renal tubules and glomeruli. In 450-day-old rats receiving a high-fat, highcarbohydrate diet, the most pronounced increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a significant rise in serum fibronectin, and destructive changes in the renal tissue were noted.Conclusion. Functional and biochemical signs of arterial hypertension and morphological changes in the kidneys were the most pronounced in 450-day-old rats fed with a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N. V. Naryzhnaya
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - B. K. Kurbatov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - L. N. Maslov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center (NRMC), Russian Academy of Sciences
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12
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Brostek A, Hong NJ, Zhang R, Forester BR, Barmore LE, Kaydo L, Kluge N, Smith C, Garvin JL, Gonzalez‐Vicente A. Independent effects of sex and stress on fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15489. [PMID: 36200315 PMCID: PMC9535342 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubule fructose metabolism is key to fructose-induced hypertension, but the roles of sex and stress are unclear. We hypothesized that females are resistant to the salt-sensitive hypertension caused by low amounts of dietary fructose compared to males and that the magnitude of the increase in blood pressure (BP) depends, in part, on amplification of the stress response of renal sympathetic nerves. We measured systolic BP (SBP) in rats fed high salt with either no sugar (HS), 20% glucose (GHS) or 20% fructose (FHS) in the drinking water for 7-8 days. FHS increased SBP in both males (Δ22 ± 9 mmHg; p < 0.046) and females (Δ16 ± 3 mmHg; p < 0.0007), while neither GHS nor HS alone induced changes in SBP in either sex. The FHS-induced increase in SBP as measured by telemetry in the absence of added stress (8 ± 2 mmHg) was significantly lower than that measured by plethysmography (24 ± 5 mmHg) (p < 0.014). However, when BP was measured by telemetry simulating the stress of plethysmography, the increase in SBP was significantly greater (15 ± 3 mmHg) than under low stress (8 ± 1 mmHg) (p < 0.014). Moderate-stress also increased telemetric diastolic (p < 0.006) and mean BP (p < 0.006) compared to low-stress in FHS-fed animals. Norepinephrine excretion was greater in FHS-fed rats than HS-fed animals (Male: 6.4 ± 1.7 vs.1.8 ± 0.4 nmole/kg/day; p < 0.02. Female 54 ± 18 vs. 1.2 ± 0.6; p < 0.02). We conclude that fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension is similar in males and females unlike other forms of hypertension, and the increase in blood pressure depends in part on an augmented response of the sympathetic nervous system to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Brostek
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nancy J. Hong
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ronghao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Beau R. Forester
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lauren E. Barmore
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Lindsey Kaydo
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Nicholas Kluge
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Corey Smith
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jeffrey L. Garvin
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Agustin Gonzalez‐Vicente
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Nephrology and HypertensionCleveland Clinic Glickman Urological & Kidney InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
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13
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Monteiro LM, Barbosa CF, Lichtenecker DCK, Argeri R, Gomes GN. Maternal fructose intake during pregnancy and lactation: Later effects on renal function. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15470. [PMID: 36117297 PMCID: PMC9483175 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose consumption has been associated with hypertension and metabolic disorders and can alter physiological adaptations during pregnancy, with long-term detrimental consequences. This study evaluated in post-weaning mothers the effects of increased fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation on blood pressure and renal function. Female Wistar rats were assigned to one of four experimental groups: non-pregnant control (NPC); pregnant control (PC); non-pregnant fructose (NPF), and pregnant fructose (PF). Control rats had free access to food and water, while the fructose groups had free access to food and to a 20% fructose solution, over the time period of the experiment. The systolic BP and renal function parameters were measured at the end of the experimental period, one week after weaning (28 days after delivery). The results were presented as means ± standard error. Higher values of BP were observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant rats treated with fructose compared to control. Creatinine clearance was reduced only in the PF group; however, both the PF and NPF groups had reduced Na+ and K+ excretions. In the PF group, there was also glomerular enlargement and changes in the media/lumen (M/L) ratio of interlobular arteries. Additionally, the PF group showed increased macrophage infiltration and expression of alpha-SM-actin and reduced expression of nitric-oxide-synthase endothelial in renal tissue. These findings suggest that the association of high fructose intake with pregnancy aggravated kidney changes that persisted for up to four weeks after delivery, which may represent a risk factor for maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia M. Monteiro
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de MedicinaFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Celine F. Barbosa
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Debora C. K. Lichtenecker
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Rogério Argeri
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Escola Paulista de MedicinaFederal University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Guiomar N. Gomes
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
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14
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Levanovich PE, Daugherty AM, Komnenov D, Rossi NF. Dietary fructose and high salt in young male Sprague Dawley rats induces salt-sensitive changes in renal function in later life. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15456. [PMID: 36117446 PMCID: PMC9483717 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fructose and salt are associated with hypertension and renal disease. Dietary input during critical postnatal periods may impact pathophysiology in maturity. The highest consumption of fructose occurs during adolescence. We hypothesized that a diet high in fructose with or without high salt in young male Sprague Dawley rats will lead to salt-sensitive hypertension, albuminuria, and decreased renal function in maturity. Four groups were studied from age 5 weeks: 20% glucose + 0.4% salt (GCS-GCS) or 20% fructose + 4% salt throughout (FHS-FHS). Two groups received 20% fructose + 0.4% salt or 20% fructose + 4% salt for 3 weeks (Phase I) followed by 20% glucose + 0.4% salt (Phase II). In Phase III (age 13-15 weeks), these two groups were challenged with 20% glucose + 4% salt, (FCS-GHS) and (FHS-GHS), respectively. Each group fed fructose in Phase I exhibited significantly higher MAP than GCS-GCS in Phase III. Net sodium balance, unadjusted, or adjusted for caloric intake and urine flow rate, and cumulative sodium balance were positive in FHS during Phase I and were significantly higher in FCS-GHS, FHS-GHS, and FHS-FHS vs GCS-GCS during Phase III. All three groups fed fructose during Phase I displayed significantly elevated albuminuria. GFR was significantly lower in FHS-FHS vs GCS-GCS at maturity. Qualitative histology showed mesangial expansion and hypercellularity in FHS-FHS rats. Thus, fructose ingestion during a critical period in rats, analogous to human preadolescence and adolescence, results in salt-sensitive hypertension and albuminuria in maturity. Prolonged dietary fructose and salt ingestion lead to a decline in renal function with evidence suggestive of mesangial hypercellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Department of Psychology and Institute of GerontologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Dragana Komnenov
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Noreen F. Rossi
- Department of PhysiologyWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- John D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichiganUSA
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15
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Learning and memory impairment and transcriptomic profile in hippocampus of offspring after maternal fructose exposure during gestation and lactation. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113394. [PMID: 36049592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased fructose intake is a global issue, especially in mothers. Maternal fructose exposure during gestation and lactation can affect learning and memory in offspring; however, the detailed mechanism is still unknown. The hippocampus is a mind locale liable for learning and memory. Here, we established a maternal high-fructose diet model by administering 13% and 40% fructose water, applied the Morris Water Maze test on postnatal day 60 offspring, and performed full-length RNA sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore Technologies platform to explore the changes in gene expression in the hippocampus. The results showed that learning and memory in offspring were negatively affected. Compared with the control group, 369 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were identified in the 13% fructose group, and 501 DETs were identified in the 40% fructose group. Gene Ontology enriched term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enriched pathway analyses identified several terms and pathways related to brain development and cognitive function. Furthermore, we confirmed that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was down-regulated and neuron degeneration was enhanced. In summary, our results indicate that maternal fructose exposure during gestation and lactation can impair learning and memory in offspring and affect brain function at the transcriptome level.
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16
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Chen Z, Yang B, Wang Z, Rong X, Zhu Q, Guo J. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Fufang-Zhenzhu-Tiaozhi Capsule Attenuates Hypertension Induced by a High-Fructose and High-Salt Diet. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854849. [PMID: 35846749 PMCID: PMC9277139 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is frequently comorbid with the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism. The increased intakes of fructose and salt contribute to the development of hypertension and related metabolic disorders, which are closely associated with gut dysbiosis. Fufang-Zhenzhu-Tiaozhi capsule (FTZ), a traditional Chinese patent medicine commonly used in clinical practice, has recently emerged as a promising drug candidate for metabolic diseases. In this study, FTZ treatment is identified as attenuating blood pressure increase and improving the metabolism of lipid and uric acid in high-fructose and high-salt (HFS) diet-fed rats. FTZ also substantially alleviated renal fibrosis and the mRNA expression of inflammation cytokines, NADPH oxidases, and the renin–angiotensin system in the renal cortex. 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples revealed that FTZ restored HFS-induced gut dysbiosis, seen as increased intestinal microbial richness and diversity. Furthermore, fecal microbiota transplantation also achieved similar therapeutic effects and alterations in gut microbiota profile induced by FTZ. Taken together, this study highlights the efficacy of FTZ in attenuating HFS-induced hypertension and related metabolic disorders and renal injury. The antihypertensive effect is associated with the modulation of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Renal Farnesoid X Receptor improves high fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension in mice by inhibiting DNM3 to promote nitro oxide production. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1577-1588. [PMID: 35792095 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) is highly expressed in renal tubules, activation of which attenuates renal injury by suppressing inflammation and fibrosis. However, whether renal FXR contributes to the regulation of blood pressure (BP) is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the anti-hypertensive effect of renal FXR on high-fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension and underlying mechanism. METHODS Hypertension was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by 20% fructose in drinking water with 4% sodium chloride in diet (HFS) for 8 weeks. The effects of FXR on NO production were estimated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Compared with control, HFS intake elevated BP, enhanced renal injury and reduced renal NO levels as well as FXR expression in the kidney of mice. In the mouse renal collecting duct cells mIMCD-K2, FXR agonists promoted NO production by enhancing the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whereas this effect was diminished by fxr knockdown. We further found that Dynamin 3 (DNM3), a binding protein with nNOS in the renal medulla, was inhibited by FXR and its deficiency elevated NO production in mIMCD-K2 cells. In HFS-fed mice, renal fxr overexpression significantly attenuated hypertension and renal fibrosis, regulated the expression of DNM3/nNOS/iNOS, and increased renal NO levels. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that renal FXR prevents HFS-induced hypertension by inhibiting DNM3 to promote NO production. These findings provide insights into the role and potential mechanism of renal FXR for the treatment of hypertension.
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18
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Khor BH, Komnenov D, Rossi NF. Impact of Dietary Fructose and High Salt Diet: Are Preclinical Studies Relevant to Asian Societies? Nutrients 2022; 14:2515. [PMID: 35745245 PMCID: PMC9227020 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose consumption, especially in food additives and sugar-sweetened beverages, has gained increasing attention due to its potential association with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The relationship between fructose and a high-salt diet, leading to hypertension and other deleterious cardiovascular parameters, has also become more evident, especially in preclinical studies. However, these studies have been modeled primarily on Western diets. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the dietary habits of individuals from China, Japan, and Korea, in light of the existing preclinical studies, to assess the potential relevance of existing data to East Asian societies. This review is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to highlight the similarities and differences that should be considered in future preclinical, clinical, and epidemiologic studies regarding the impact of dietary fructose and salt on blood pressure and cardiovascular health worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Hock Khor
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
| | - Dragana Komnenov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Noreen F. Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Division of Research, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 38201, USA
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19
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Zhu Q, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Tao Y, Lin Y, Lai S, Liang Z, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wang L. Moderation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism by chlorogenic acid improves high-fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension in mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:6987-6999. [PMID: 35708145 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a natural compound with many important pharmacological effects including anti-hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the anti-hypertensive effect of CGA on high-fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension and the underlying mechanism. Hypertension was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by 20% fructose in drinking water plus 4% sodium chloride in the diet (HFS) for 8 weeks. CGA (50, 100 or 200 mg kg-1 d-1) was orally administered to HFS-treated mice. The blood pressure of mice was recorded via the tail cuff method. The structure of gut microbiota and profiles of bile acids (BAs) in the serum were determined. Here, we found that HFS-elevated systolic blood pressure was greatly attenuated by CGA. The microbiota analysis showed that CGA restructured the HFS-treated gut microbiota, and markedly enriched Klebsiella. Oral administration of a Klebsiella isolate, Klebsiella oxytoca, also exhibited an anti-hypertensive effect in HFS-fed mice. Furthermore, we found that CGA and CGA-enriched K. oxytoca enhanced the expression of colonic Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), modulated BA metabolism and enriched some BAs including deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the serum of HFS-fed mice. Treatment with DCA improved phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction in arterioles of mice and attenuated hypertension in HFS-fed mice, suggesting that DCA serves as a link between gut microbiota and blood pressure. Our results clearly demonstrate that CGA attenuates HFS-induced hypertension in mice by modulating gut microbiota and BA metabolism. These findings provide insights into the potential mechanism of CGA for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeyan Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuting Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yufeng Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yike Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Sijie Lai
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixing Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yating Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Jensen LJ, Lund MA, Salomonsson M, Goetze JP, Jonassen TE, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Axelsen LN, Sørensen CM. Diet-induced hypertension in rats is associated with increased renal vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II after imitated endothelial dysfunction. Microvasc Res 2022; 141:104333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Insulin Resistance Is Cheerfully Hitched with Hypertension. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040564. [PMID: 35455055 PMCID: PMC9028820 DOI: 10.3390/life12040564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have risen steadily worldwide, particularly in low-income and developing countries. In the last hundred years, deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases increased rapidly to 35–40%, becoming the most common cause of mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is aggravated by hypertension. Hypertension and diabetes are closely interlinked since they have similar risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, arterial remodeling, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Patients with high blood pressure often show insulin resistance and have a higher risk of developing diabetes than normotensive individuals. It has been observed that over the last 30 years, the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) has increased significantly. Accordingly, hypertension and insulin resistance are strongly related to an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and endocrine disorders. Common mechanisms, for instance, upregulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and activation of the immune system, possibly have a role in the association between diabetes and hypertension. Altogether these abnormalities significantly increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
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Salt Consumption and Blood Pressure in Rural Hypertensive Participants: A Community Filed Trial. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:2908811. [PMID: 35401060 PMCID: PMC8986400 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2908811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. This study aimed to evaluate an intervention based on the Health Belief Model regarding the whole family’s salt consumption and blood pressure among hypertensive patients in rural areas in Iran. Methods. This clinical multicenter trial (clinical and community) with a control and an intervention group was conducted on the residents of 14 villages covered by 14 health houses. Totally, 200 hypertensive patients (n = 100 in each group) were selected via multistage random sampling. The intervention included a two-day workshop on blood pressure and reducing salt consumption based on HBM structures for health personnel and an eight-session workshop on how to reduce salt intake and blood pressure for mothers who were responsible for the families’ diets. Participants completed the questionnaires before and immediately after the intervention. Results. Compared to the control group, in the intervention group, a significant reduction was observed in salt consumption by the families (urine sodium and creatinine reduced by 35 mEq/l and 7.5 mg/dL, respectively). The results also revealed a significant decrease in blood pressure in the intervention group. Conclusion. The results showed that the mothers’ model-based education could effectively improve the diet of the whole family members and, as a result, reduce the associated diseases. The main advantage of this study was the involvement of the rural health personnel, which helped run longer and larger-scale health-promotion programs in the communities.
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Wang X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Dong X, Wang Y, Yang X, Tian H, Li T. Protective Effect of Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) on High-Fructose and High-Salt Diet-Induced Hypertension: Relevant to Improvement of Renal and Intestinal Function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3730-3744. [PMID: 35315647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension has become a leading cardiovascular risk factor worldwide. In this study, we explored the salutary effects and relevant mechanisms of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), an herbal plant with culinary and medicinal values, on high-fructose and high-salt diet (HFSD)-induced hypertension in SD rats. Our results showed that oral administration of coriander (1.0 or 2.0 g/kg·bw) effectively attenuated HFSD-induced elevation of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Coriander also increased the serum levels of vasodilator factors (PGI2, NO, and eNOS), decreased Na+ retention and serum uric acid (UA) level, and ameliorated glucolipid profiles. qPCR results revealed that coriander downregulated the mRNA expression of NHE3, a Na+/H+ exchanger responsible for Na+ absorption, in kidney and small intestine. 16S rDNA sequencing showed that coriander altered the gut microbiota composition with the beneficial bacteria Bifidobacterium and Oscillibacter significantly enriched. Correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of Bifidobacterium was evidently correlated with levels of NHE3, NO, eNOS, and UA. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that coriander contained a variety of flavonoids including rutin and quercetin. Conclusively, long-term consumption of coriander may ameliorate HFSD-induced hypertension by mitigating HFSD-caused abnormal changes in vascular endothelial function, renal and intestinal sodium absorption, glucolipid homeostasis, and gut microbiota in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xinyue Dong
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Honglei Tian
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Vemuri R, Ruggiero A, Whitfield JM, Dugan GO, Cline JM, Block MR, Guo H, Kavanagh K. Hypertension promotes microbial translocation and dysbiotic shifts in the fecal microbiome of nonhuman primates. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H474-H485. [PMID: 35148233 PMCID: PMC8897002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00530.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a link between gut barrier dysfunction and hypertension. However, it is unclear whether hypertension causes gut barrier dysfunction or vice versa and whether the gut microbiome plays a role. To understand this relationship, we first cross-sectionally examined 153 nonhuman primates [NHPs; Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus; mean age, 16 ± 0.4 yr; 129 (84.3%) females] for cardiometabolic risk factors and gut barrier function biomarkers. This analysis identified blood pressure and age as specific factors that independently associated with microbial translocation. We then longitudinally tracked male, age-matched spontaneously hypertensive NHPs (Macaca mulatta) to normotensives (n = 16), mean age of 5.8 ± 0.5 yr, to confirm hypertension-related gut barrier dysfunction and to explore the role of microbiome by comparing groups at baseline, 12, and 27 mo. Collectively, hypertensive animals in both studies showed evidence of gut barrier dysfunction (i.e., microbial translocation), as indicated by higher plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)-1, when compared with normotensive animals. Furthermore, plasma LBP-1 levels were correlated with diastolic blood pressure, independent of age and other health markers, suggesting specificity of the effect of hypertension on microbial translocation. In over 2 yr of longitudinal assessment, hypertensive animals had escalating plasma levels of LBP-1 and greater bacterial gene expression in mesenteric lymph nodes compared with normotensive animals, confirming microbes translocated across the intestinal barrier. Concomitantly, we identified distinct shifts in the gut microbial signature of hypertensive versus normotensive animals at 12 and 27 mo. These results suggest that hypertension contributes to microbial translocation in the gut and eventually unhealthy shifts in the gut microbiome, possibly contributing to poor health outcomes, providing further impetus for the management of hypertension.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hypertension specifically had detrimental effects on microbial translocation when age and metabolic syndrome criteria were evaluated as drivers of cardiovascular disease in a relevant nonhuman primate model. Intestinal barrier function exponentially decayed over time with chronic hypertension, and microbial translocation was confirmed by detection of more microbial genes in regional draining lymph nodes. Chronic hypertension resulted in fecal microbial dysbiosis and elevations of the biomarker NT-proBNP. This study provides insights on the barrier dysfunction, dysbiosis, and hypertension in controlled studies of nonhuman primates. Our study includes a longitudinal component comparing naturally occurring hypertensive to normotensive primates to confirm microbial translocation and dysbiotic microbiome development. Hypertension is an underappreciated driver of subclinical endotoxemia that can drive chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandra Vemuri
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Alistaire Ruggiero
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jordyn M. Whitfield
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Greg O. Dugan
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - J. Mark Cline
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Masha R. Block
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina
| | - Hao Guo
- 2Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,3Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- 1Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston‐Salem, North Carolina,4Department of Biomedicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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25
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Luo G, Zhu JJ, Yao M, Xie KY. Computed tomography-guided chemical renal sympathetic nerve modulation in the treatment of resistant hypertension: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:9970-9976. [PMID: 34877338 PMCID: PMC8610920 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i32.9970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistant hypertension (RH) has always been a difficult problem in clinical diagnosis and treatment. At present, there is no recognized safe and effective minimally invasive treatment.
CASE SUMMARY An 80-year-old woman was admitted to hospital due to trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The patient had a history of RH for more than 10 years and her blood pressure (BP) was not well-controlled. Before the treatment for TN, we decided to perform chemical renal sympathetic denervation with ethanol in the Pain Department of our hospital. One year after the operation, she stopped taking antihypertensive drugs, and her BP was satisfactorily controlled within 4 years after surgery.
CONCLUSION Computed tomography-guided chemical renal sympathetic modulation may be a feasible method for the treatment of RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke-Yue Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang Province, China
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26
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Lou Arnal LM, Vercet Tormo A, Caverní Muñoz A, Medrano Villarroya C, Lou Calvo E, Munguía Navarro P, Sanz París A. Association between ultrapocessed food and chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2021; 41:489-501. [PMID: 36165132 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern diet is closely linked to the consumption of processed foods, causing an increase in the intake of salt, simple sugars, phosphorus and added potassium. This excess intake is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD, which according to data from the ENRICA study affects 15% of the population, magnifies its impact due to the higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and due to limitations in the management of sodium and phosphorus. The intake of these products far exceeds the established recommendations, assuming 72% of total sodium, 25%-35% of phosphorus, 12%-18% of potassium and exceeding 10% of the caloric intake in simple sugars. Measures are necessary to reduce their contribution through nutritional advice, labeling review, education campaigns on healthy habits, fees and institutional actions that involve food safety agencies, industry, distribution and scientific societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Vercet Tormo
- Departamento de tecnología de los alimentos, Facultad de las Ciencias de la Salud y el Deporte, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Caverní Muñoz
- Grupo de Nutrición de la SEN, España; Servicio de Dietética, Asociación de Enfermos Renales Alcer Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Elena Lou Calvo
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Torrero-La Paz, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Sanz París
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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27
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S K, V A, Paul-Prasanth B, M V, A RS, P UD. Aqueous extract of large cardamom inhibits vascular damage, oxidative stress, and metabolic changes in fructose-fed hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:622-632. [PMID: 34281445 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1925682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since metabolic abnormalities such as elevated glucose level and imbalanced lipid profiles increase the risk for hypertension and cause endothelial dysfunction, we evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of large cardamom (AELC) on fructose-induced metabolic hypertension and oxidative stress. METHODS The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups with 5 rats in each group, and each group was fed with 10% fructose in drinking water for 8 weeks. Starting from week 5, animals were treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day AELC or Losartan (10 mg/kg/day). Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was measured once in every seven days using the tail-cuff method. Vascular function, plasma nitric oxide (NO), glucose, lipid profiles, serum biochemical, and anti-oxidant parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS Rats fed with fructose showed higher blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, but decreased in the AELC or Losartan treatment group. Treatments with AELC prevented exaggerated plasma glucose and oxidative stress and restored the nitric oxide level in fructose-fed rats. Besides, it also reduced vascular proliferation and improved the relaxation response of acetylcholine in the aorta pre-contracted with phenylephrine. CONCLUSION In summary, the obtained results suggest that AELC can prevent and reverse the high blood pressure induced by fructose, probably by restoring nitric oxide level and by improving altered metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthlal S
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Arya V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Vijayakumar M
- Department. Of Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Rema Shree A
- Spices Board of India, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India, Sugandha Bhavan, Palarivattom, Cochin, India
| | - Uma Devi P
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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28
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Shi YN, Liu YJ, Xie Z, Zhang WJ. Fructose and metabolic diseases: too much to be good. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 134:1276-1285. [PMID: 34010200 PMCID: PMC8183764 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Excessive consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has been linked to worldwide epidemics of metabolic diseases in humans, and it is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We provide an overview about the features of fructose metabolism, as well as potential mechanisms by which excessive fructose intake is associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases both in humans and rodents. To accomplish this aim, we focus on illuminating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fructose metabolism as well as its signaling effects on metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis in health and disease, highlighting the role of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein in regulating fructose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ya-Jin Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Zhifang Xie
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weiping J. Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin 300134, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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29
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Yi B, Zeng W, Lv L, Hua P. Changing epidemiology of calcific aortic valve disease: 30-year trends of incidence, prevalence, and deaths across 204 countries and territories. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12710-12732. [PMID: 33973531 PMCID: PMC8148466 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to elucidate the 30-year epidemiology of CAVD globally. Global CAVD incidence, prevalence, and deaths increased 3.51-, 4.43-, and 1.38-fold from 1990 to 2019, respectively, without any decreasing trends, even after age standardization. In 2019, Slovenia had the highest age-standardized rate (ASR) of CAVD incidence (62.21/100,000 persons) and prevalence (1,080.06/100,000) whereas Cyprus had the highest ASR of deaths (8.20/100,000). Population aging was an important contributor to incidence. Compared with women, more men had CAVD and men had earlier peaks in disease prevalence. High systolic blood pressure, diet high in sodium, and lead exposure were the main risk factors for deaths owing to CAVD. The estimated annual percentage change, a measure to estimate the variation of ASR, was significantly associated with the ASR and sociodemographic index (SDI) in 2019 for incidence and prevalence across all 204 countries and territories (all p<0.0001). With increased lifespan and risk factors, the overall burden of CAVD is high and remains on the rise, with differences by sex, age, and SDI level. Our findings serve to sound the alarm for organizations, institutions, and resources whose primary purpose is to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Weike Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ping Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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30
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Positive and Negative Aspects of Sodium Intake in Dialysis and Non-Dialysis CKD Patients. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030951. [PMID: 33809466 PMCID: PMC8000895 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium intake theoretically has dual effects on both non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and dialysis patients. One negatively affects mortality by increasing proteinuria and blood pressure. The other positively affects mortality by ameliorating nutritional status through appetite induced by salt intake and the amount of food itself, which is proportional to the amount of salt under the same salty taste. Sodium restriction with enough water intake easily causes hyponatremia in CKD and dialysis patients. Moreover, the balance of these dual effects in dialysis patients is likely different from their balance in non-dialysis CKD patients because dialysis patients lose kidney function. Sodium intake is strongly related to water intake via the thirst center. Therefore, sodium intake is strongly related to extracellular fluid volume, blood pressure, appetite, nutritional status, and mortality. To decrease mortality in both non-dialysis and dialysis CKD patients, sodium restriction is an essential and important factor that can be changed by the patients themselves. However, under sodium restriction, it is important to maintain the balance of negative and positive effects from sodium intake not only in dialysis and non-dialysis CKD patients but also in the general population.
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31
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Lou Arnal LM, Vercet Tormo A, Caverní Muñoz A, Medrano Villarroya C, Lou Calvo E, Munguía Navarro P, Sanz París A. Association between ultrapocessed food and chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2021. [PMID: 33714628 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern diet is closely linked to the consumption of processed foods, causing an increase in the intake of salt, simple sugars, phosphorus and added potassium. This excess intake is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD, which according to data from the ENRICA study affects 15% of the population, magnifies its impact due to the higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and due to limitations in the management of sodium and phosphorus. The intake of these products far exceeds the established recommendations, assuming 72% of total sodium, 25-35% of phosphorus, 12-18% of potassium and exceeding 10% of the caloric intake in simple sugars. Measures are necessary to reduce their contribution through nutritional advice, labeling review, education campaigns on healthy habits, fees and institutional actions that involve food safety agencies, industry, distribution and scientific societies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Vercet Tormo
- Departamento de tecnología de los alimentos, Facultad de las Ciencias de la Salud y el Deporte, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
| | - Alberto Caverní Muñoz
- Grupo de Nutrición de la SEN, España; Servicio de Dietética, Asociación de Enfermos Renales Alcer Ebro, Zaragoza, España
| | | | - Elena Lou Calvo
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Torrero-La Paz, Zaragoza, España
| | | | - Alejandro Sanz París
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
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Ramos-Romero S, Torrella JR, Pagès T, Viscor G, Torres JL. Edible Microalgae and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Alterations. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020563. [PMID: 33572056 PMCID: PMC7916042 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine and freshwater algae and their products are in growing demand worldwide because of their nutritional and functional properties. Microalgae (unicellular algae) will constitute one of the major foods of the future for nutritional and environmental reasons. They are sources of high-quality protein and bioactive molecules with potential application in the modern epidemics of obesity and diabetes. They may also contribute decisively to sustainability through carbon dioxide fixation and minimization of agricultural land use. This paper reviews current knowledge of the effects of consuming edible microalgae on the metabolic alterations known as metabolic syndrome (MS). These microalgae include Chlorella, Spirulina (Arthrospira) and Tetraselmis as well as Isochrysis and Nannochloropsis as candidates for human consumption. Chlorella biomass has shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic effects in humans and other mammals. The components of microalgae reviewed suggest that they may be effective against MS at two levels: in the early stages, to work against the development of insulin resistance (IR), and later, when pancreatic -cell function is already compromised. The active components at both stages are antioxidant scavengers and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators such as carotenoids and -3 PUFAs (eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid; EPA/DHA), prebiotic polysaccharides, phenolics, antihypertensive peptides, several pigments such as phycobilins and phycocyanin, and some vitamins, such as folate. As a source of high-quality protein, including an array of bioactive molecules with potential activity against the modern epidemics of obesity and diabetes, microalgae are proposed as excellent foods for the future. Moreover, their incorporation into the human diet would decisively contribute to a more sustainable world because of their roles in carbon dioxide fixation and reducing the use of land for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramos-Romero
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.T.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-021-556
| | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.T.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Teresa Pagès
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.T.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Physiology Section, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (J.R.T.); (T.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Josep Lluís Torres
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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Abdelhaffez AS, Abd El-Aziz EA, Tohamy MB, Ahmed AM. N-acetyl cysteine can blunt metabolic and cardiovascular effects via down-regulation of cardiotrophin-1 in rat model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-16. [PMID: 33507837 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1876735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the ability of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) to alleviate the metabolic disorders in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) in male rats and to examine its protective effect on aortic and cardiac tissues via its influence on cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) expression. NAC (20 mg/kg b.w./day) was administered to fructose induced MS animals for 12 weeks. Chronic fructose consumption (20% w/v) increased body weight gain, relative heart weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), insulin resistance (IR), and associated with metabolic alterations. Histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed aortic stiffness and myocardial degeneration and fibrosis together with increased CT-1 expression. Treatment with NAC improved IR, SBP, DBP, and mitigated dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress. Additionally, NAC down-regulated CT-1 expression in the heart and aorta. These findings demonstrated the protective effect of NAC against aortic and myocardial degeneration and fibrosis through down-regulation of CT-1 in fructose induced MS animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza S Abdelhaffez
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ebtihal A Abd El-Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maha B Tohamy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Naqvi S, Asar TO, Kumar V, Al-Abbasi FA, Alhayyani S, Kamal MA, Anwar F. A cross-talk between gut microbiome, salt and hypertension. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111156. [PMID: 33401080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac disorders contribute to one of the major causes of fatality across the world. Hypertensive patients, even well maintained on drugs, possess a high risk to cardiovascular diseases. It is, therefore, highly important to identify different factors and pathways that lead to risk and progression of cardiovascular disorders. Several animals and human studies suggest that taxonomical alterations in the gut are involved in the cardiovascular physiology. In this article, with the help of various experimental evidences, we suggest that the host gut-microbiota plays an important in this pathway. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and Trimethyl Amine -n-Oxide (TMAO) are the two major products of gut microbiome. SCFAs present a crucial role in regulating the blood pressure, while TMAO is involved in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other coronary artery diseases, including hypertension. We prove that there exists a triangular bridge connecting the gap between dietary salt, hypertension and gut microbiome. We also present some of the dietary interventions which can regulate and control microbiota that can prevent cardiovascular complications.We strongly believe that this article would improve the understanding the role of gut microbiota in hypertension, and will be helpful in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for prevention of hypertension through restoring gut microbiome homeostasis in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Naqvi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Turky Omar Asar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Natural Product Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health and Allied Sciences. Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, India.
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Alhayyani
- Department of Chemistry. College of Sciences & Arts, Rabigh King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, 27707, Australia
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Zhang YP, Ye LL, Yuan H, Duan DD. CFTR plays an important role in the regulation of vascular resistance and high-fructose/salt-diet induced hypertension in mice. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:516-524. [PMID: 33279469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological roles of cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channels in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) remain controversial. Here we studied the function of CFTR Cl- channels in regulation of BP and in the high-fructose-salt-diet (HFSD) induced hypertension in mice. METHODS The systolic, diastolic and mean BP (SBP, DBP and MBP, respectively) were continuously monitored from unrestricted conscious wild-type (cftr+/+) FVB and CFTR-knockout (cftr-/-) mice (8-week old, male). HFSD (64.7% fructose, 2% NaCl water) or control normal starch diet (CNSD, 58.9% corn starch, 0 NaCl water) was given for 8 weeks and vascular Doppler were performed. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to examine mRNA and protein expression, respectively. RESULTS The aortic stiffness, daytime and nighttime SBP, DBP, and MBP of the cftr-/- mice were significantly higher than those in the age- and gender-matched cftr+/+ mice, which is consistent with the findings of increased vascular resistance in cystic fibrosis patients. The aortic stiffness, daytime and nighttime SBP, DBP, and MBP of cftr+/+ mice fed with HFSD were all significantly higher than those fed with CNSD. Importantly, HFSD caused a significant decrease in mRNA and protein expression of WINK1, WINK4 and CFTR in aorta and mesenteric arteries, but not in the kidney, corroborating that HSFD-induced downregulation of WINKs and loss of CFTR function specifically in the arteries may mediate the increased BP. CONCLUSIONS CFTR regulates peripheral arterial resistance and BP in vivo. HFSD-induced CFTR downregulation specifically in the arteries may be a novel mechanism for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Zhang
- The Heart Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lingyu Linda Ye
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital (Traditional Chinese Medicine) to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dayue Darrel Duan
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital (Traditional Chinese Medicine) to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Gálvez BG, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Ordovas JM, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 18:251-275. [PMID: 33037326 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately one third of the world's adult population and is a major cause of premature death despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatments. Growing evidence supports the use of lifestyle interventions for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of hypertension. In this Review, we provide a summary of the epidemiological research supporting the preventive and antihypertensive effects of major lifestyle interventions (regular physical exercise, body weight management and healthy dietary patterns), as well as other less traditional recommendations such as stress management and the promotion of adequate sleep patterns coupled with circadian entrainment. We also discuss the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these lifestyle interventions on hypertension, which include not only the prevention of traditional risk factors (such as obesity and insulin resistance) and improvements in vascular health through an improved redox and inflammatory status, but also reduced sympathetic overactivation and non-traditional mechanisms such as increased secretion of myokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skane, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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Fan A, Oladiran O, Shi XQ, Zhang J. High-salt diet decreases mechanical thresholds in mice that is mediated by a CCR2-dependent mechanism. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:179. [PMID: 32517772 PMCID: PMC7282096 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Though it is well-known that a high-salt diet (HSD) is associated with many chronic diseases, the effects of long-term high-salt intake on physiological functions and homeostasis remain elusive. In this study, we investigated whether and how an HSD affects mouse nociceptive thresholds, and myeloid cell trafficking and activation. Methods Healthy C57BL/6 male and female mice were fed an HSD (containing 4% NaCl in chow and 1% NaCl in water) from the time of weaning for 3 to 4 months. Circulating monocytes, nerve macrophages, spinal microglia, and associated inflammatory responses were scrutinized using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) approaches. Mouse pain sensitivity to mechanical stimuli was monitored with von Frey tests along the experimental duration. Results Mice on an HSD have reduced mechanical thresholds. They feel more pain than those on a normal diet (ND), e.g., regular laboratory chow (0.3% NaCl in chow). An HSD induced not only a remarkable expansion of circulating monocytes, CCR2+Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes in particular, but also an accumulation of CD11b+F4/80+ macrophages in the peripheral nerves and an activation of Iba-1+ spinal microglia. Replacing an HSD with a ND was unable to reverse the HSD-induced mechanical hypersensitivity or rescue the altered immune responses. However, treating HSD-fed mice with a chemokine receptor CCR2 antagonist effectively normalized the pain thresholds and immune cell profile in the periphery and spinal cord. An HSD failed to alter pain thresholds and myeloid cell activation in CCR2-deficient mice. Spinal microglial activation is required for HSD-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in male, but not in female mice. Conclusion Overall, this study provides evidence that an HSD has a long-term impact on physiological function. CCR2-mediated cellular response, including myeloid cell trafficking and associated inflammation, plays pivotal roles in salt-dietary modulation of pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Fan
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740, Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Oladayo Oladiran
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740, Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Xiang Qun Shi
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740, Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Ji Zhang
- The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, 740, Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Saroj C, Juthika M, Tao Y, Xi C, Ji-Youn Y, Cameron MG, Camilla WF, Lauren KG, Jennifer HW, Matam VK, Bina J. Metabolites and Hypertension: Insights into Hypertension as a Metabolic Disorder: 2019 Harriet Dustan Award. Hypertension 2020; 75:1386-1396. [PMID: 32336227 PMCID: PMC7225070 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For over 100 years, essential hypertension has been researched from different perspectives ranging from genetics, physiology, and immunology to more recent ones encompassing microbiology (microbiota) as a previously underappreciated field of study contributing to the cause of hypertension. Each field of study in isolation has uniquely contributed to a variety of underlying mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Even so, clinical management of essential hypertension has remained somewhat static. We, therefore, asked if there are any converging lines of evidence from these individual fields that could be amenable for a better clinical prognosis. Accordingly, here we present converging evidence which support the view that metabolic dysfunction underlies essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakraborty Saroj
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Mandal Juthika
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Yang Tao
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Cheng Xi
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Yeo Ji-Youn
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - McCarthy G. Cameron
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Wenceslau F. Camilla
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Koch G. Lauren
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Hill W. Jennifer
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Vijay-Kumar Matam
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Joe Bina
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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Gut dysbiosis contributes to high fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nutrition 2020; 75-76:110766. [PMID: 32305658 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although it is known that high fructose intake causes salt-sensitive hypertension, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether chronic intake of high fructose coupled with salt (HFS) might alter the structure of the gut microbiota, which contributes to elevated blood pressure. METHODS For 8 wk, Sprague-Dawley rats were given 20% fructose in drinking water and 4% sodium chloride in their diet to induce hypertension. A non-absorbable antibiotic vancomycin was used to modify gut microbiota. The 16 S rRNA sequencing for fecal samples was assessed and blood pressure was recorded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to examine the renin-angiotensin system in serum, urine, and the kidney. RESULTS Compared with the control group, HFS feeding resulted in gut dysbiosis by altering the diversity and richness of gut microbiota and decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Vancomycin reshaped dramatically the HFS-induced dysbiosis. And vancomycin (van) attenuated HFS-increased blood pressure (HFS: 121.3 ± 2.8 mm Hg; HFS-van: 111.1 ± 1.7 mm Hg) and heart rate (HFS: 360.5 ± 9.0 bpm; HFS-van: 318.7 ± 5.6 bpm) as well as the content of angiotensinogen, renin, and angiotensin II in the urine and the angiotensinogen mRNA level in renal cortical tissues. However, HFS-increased triacylglycerol, renin, and angiotensin II in serum were not decreased by vancomycin. CONCLUSION The present results demonstrated that gut dysbiosis develops after chronic fructose plus salt intake and contributes to the increase of blood pressure and the activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. Therefore, targeting gut microbiota provides a helpful therapy method to improve HFS-induced hypertension.
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Chen HH, Chu CH, Wen SW, Lai CC, Cheng PW, Tseng CJ. Excessive Fructose Intake Impairs Baroreflex Sensitivity and Led to Elevated Blood Pressure in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112581. [PMID: 31731536 PMCID: PMC6893539 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension development with an increased intake of added sugar, especially excessive fructose intake, was shown in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. However, the mechanism underlying blood pressure (BP) elevation with increased fructose intake is still unclear. First, the present study showed that in rats fed 10% fructose for one week, BP and fructose/glucose levels increased in the central and peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, increased fructose intake resulted in an upregulation of fructose concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid. Second, consumption of excess fructose increased serum triglycerides. However, the inhibition of triglyceride production did not mitigate sympathetic nerve hyperactivity, but contributed to an insignificant decrease in BP. Finally, increased fructose intake reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and reduced baroreflex sensitivity within a week. Collectively, the data suggested that fructose intake reduced NO levels in the NTS and caused baroreflex dysfunction, which further stimulated sympathetic nerve activity and induced the development of high BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Chen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, (H.-H.C.)
- Yuh-Ing Junior College of Health Care & Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsun Chu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan,
- Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Wen
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, (H.-H.C.)
| | - Chi-Cheng Lai
- Cardiology, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan,
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, (H.-H.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jiunn Tseng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan, (H.-H.C.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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The Importance of Nutrition in Hypertension. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102542. [PMID: 31640287 PMCID: PMC6835472 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (AH) is considered to be one of the most relevant cardiovascular risk factors, and its wide prevalence in all age ranges makes it necessary to analyse all the possible causes and treatments. In this special issue, nutritional interventions are examined either as causes or as treatments of AH. [...].
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Relationship between Nutrition and Alcohol Consumption with Blood Pressure: The ESTEBAN Survey. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061433. [PMID: 31242675 PMCID: PMC6627946 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary interventions are recommended for the prevention of hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the relationship between alcohol consumption and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) score with blood pressure (BP) stratified by gender. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were performed using data from 2105 adults from the ESTEBAN survey, a representative sample of the French population. Pearson correlation analyses were used to assess the correlation between the DASH score and alcohol with BP. Regressions were adjusted by age, treatment, socio-economic level, tobacco, exercise, Body mass index (BMI), and cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. RESULTS The DASH score was negatively correlated with systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) (p < 0.0001). Alcohol was positively associated with increased BP only in men. The worst quintile of the DASH score was associated with an 1.8 mmHg increase in SBP and an 0.6 mmHg increase in SBP compared to the greatest quintile in men and with a 1.5 mmHg increase in SBP and an 0.4 mmHg increase in SBP in women. Male participants in the worst quintile of alcohol consumption showed an increase of 3.0 mmHg in SBP and 0.8 mmHg in DBP compared to those in the greatest quintile. CONCLUSION A high DASH score and a reduction in alcohol consumption could be effective nutritional strategies for the prevention of hypertension.
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Golonka R, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M. Dietary Additives and Supplements Revisited: The Fewer, the Safer for Liver and Gut Health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:303-316. [PMID: 32864300 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The supplementation of dietary additives into processed foods has exponentially increased in the past few decades. Similarly, the incidence rates of various diseases, including metabolic syndrome, gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis, have been elevating. Current research reveals that there is a positive association between food additives and these pathophysiological diseases. This review highlights the research published within the past 5 years that elucidate and update the effects of dietary supplements on liver and intestinal health. Recent Findings Some of the key findings include: enterocyte dysfunction of fructose clearance causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); non-caloric sweeteners are hepatotoxic; dietary emulsifiers instigate gut dysbiosis and hepatocarcinogenesis; and certain prebiotics can induce cholestatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in gut dysbiotic mice. Overall, multiple reports suggest that the administration of purified, dietary supplements could cause functional damage to both the liver and gut. Summary The extraction of bioactive components from natural resources was considered a brilliant method to modulate human health. However, current research highlights that such purified components may negatively affect individuals with microbiotal dysbiosis, resulting in a deeper break of the symbiotic relationship between the host and gut microbiota, which can lead to repercussions on gut and liver health. Therefore, ingestion of these dietary additives should not go without some caution!
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.,Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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