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Al-Bisher MM, Al-Otaibi HH. Is Adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines Associated with Eating Concerns Symptoms among Saudi Young Females? Nutrients 2024; 16:1931. [PMID: 38931285 PMCID: PMC11206548 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) offer broad recommendations based on scientific evidence, focusing on food groups rather than nutrients that should be included in the diet. Emerging adulthood (18-30 years) is a critical period for poor dietary quality and mental health. Eating habits (EHs) are formed early in life and are influenced by various factors, such as emotional state, which can lead to either binge or restricted eating, ultimately increasing the risk of eating disorders (EDs). This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the extent of adherence to the Saudi Healthy Plate Dietary Guidelines (SHPDGs) and its potential association with Eating Concerns (ECs) among Saudi females (aged 18-30 years) from all provinces in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODS A validated online questionnaire was used to assess eating behaviors (EBs) using the Starting The Conversation (STC) instrument and EC symptoms using the Eating Disorders Screen for Primary Care (ESP) screening tool. RESULTS The total sample size was 1092 participants with a mean age of 23.02 ± 3.47. Only 0.7% of the participants adhered to the SHPDGs and were free of EC symptoms. Conversely, 50.4% of participants who exhibited EC symptoms had poor adherence to the SHPDGs. Across Saudi Arabian provinces, high adherence to the SHPDGs was more prominent in both the Eastern and Western provinces (37.5%) than in the Central and Southern provinces (0%). The most striking result was that the Central province exhibited a high percentage of poor adherence to the SHPDGs (25.6%). Moreover, high adherence to SHPDGs was not associated with the probability of ECs. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed a trend of poor adherence to SHPDGs among Saudi females, with a large proportion also experiencing EC symptoms. Accordingly, the authors recommend increasing awareness within the Saudi community about SHPDGs using educational campaigns on social media platforms to enhance the importance of adopting a healthy diet, especially among females, and demonstrate that the impact on their health and well-being is that they are experiencing multiple phases that involve pregnancy and giving birth involves specific nutritional requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hala Hazam Al-Otaibi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, College of Agricultural and Food Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
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2
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Oliveira L, BinMowyna MN, Alasqah I, Zandonadi RP, Teixeira-Lemos E, Chaves C, Alturki HA, Albaridi NA, Alribdi FF, Raposo A. A Pilot Study on Dietary Choices at Universities: Vending Machines, Canteens, and Lunch from Home. Nutrients 2024; 16:1722. [PMID: 38892655 PMCID: PMC11174703 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Commercial environments and food acquisition methods significantly shape dietary practices and impact health. This study assesses dietary choices among Portuguese university students regarding vending machines, canteens, and lunches from home. It also evaluates their use of the university canteen and their tendency to bring lunch from home. This pilot cross-sectional study used a self-administered electronic questionnaire, made available in early 2023. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling. The study included 137 students from Portuguese higher education institutions, mainly women (74.5%), pursuing degrees or integrated Master's degrees (83.2%), primarily in health-related fields (55.5%). The median age was 21 years (20 to 23.5 years). About 70.0% regularly consumed food from vending machines, while approximately 60.0% brought lunch from home, avoiding the canteen. Factors such as convenience (48.5%), price (47.5%), product availability (40.6%), and taste (39.6%) mainly influenced vending machine choices. Monthly, chocolates, water, coffee, cookies, treats, and soft drinks were the most commonly acquired items, with coffee being the most frequent daily purchase. These findings provide insights for creating policies and initiatives to promote healthier and more accessible food options for students and strategies to encourage positive eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Oliveira
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro–S. Martinho do Bispo, Apartado 7006, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Education, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim Alasqah
- Department of Community, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Renata Puppin Zandonadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Edite Teixeira-Lemos
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Cláudia Chaves
- ESSV, Centre for Studies in Education and Innovation (CI&DEI), Polytechnic University of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Hmidan A. Alturki
- King Abdulaziz City for Science & Technology, Wellness and Preventive Medicine Institute—Health Sector, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Najla A. Albaridi
- Department of Health Science, College of Health and Rehabilitation, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
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Almoraie NM, Alothmani NM, Alomari WD, Al-Amoudi AH. Addressing nutritional issues and eating behaviours among university students: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38356364 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
University life is a critical period for establishing healthy eating habits and attitudes. However, university students are at risk of developing poor eating habits due to various factors, including economic conditions, academic stress and lack of information about nutritional concepts. Poor diet quality leads to malnutrition or overnutrition, increasing the risk of preventable diseases. Food environments on university campuses also play a significant role in shaping the dietary habits of students, with the availability of and accessibility to healthy food options being important factors influencing food choices and overall diet quality. Disordered eating habits and body dissatisfaction are prevalent among university students and can lead to eating disorders. Income and living arrangements also influence dietary habits, with low household income and living alone being associated with unhealthy eating habits. This study is a narrative review that aimed to address nutritional issues and eating behaviours, specifically among university students. We investigated the eating behaviours of university students, including their dietary patterns, food choices and food environments. The objective of this review was to provide insights into the nutritional issues and eating behaviours of university students, with the aim of identifying target areas for intervention to improve the overall health and wellbeing among college students. University food environments need to be restructured to promote healthy eating, including the availability, accessibility, affordability and labelling of healthy foods, and policies to limit the availability of unhealthy foods and drinks on campus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Almoraie
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor M Alothmani
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajd D Alomari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal H Al-Amoudi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Fleming SA, Peregoy JA, Paul TL, Scott MO, Gaine PC. Charting the Chronology of Research on Added Sugars: A Scoping Review and Evidence Map. Nutrients 2023; 15:4974. [PMID: 38068831 PMCID: PMC10708429 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to conduct a scoping review and produce a publicly available database characterizing the design and reporting elements of the literature on dietary added sugars and select health outcomes. Relevant studies published from 1990 to 2021 were identified to create a database containing information on study and population characteristics, reported added sugars source and concentrations, dietary energy balance, total energy intake, and outcome measures related to body composition, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. There were 245 publications identified, 22% of which describe interventions, and 78% describe observational studies. Publications pertaining to added sugars have risen dramatically since 2010, led by studies primarily assessing body composition (36%) or cardiovascular health (32%), including adults (65%), measuring liquid-only sources of added sugars (56%). Over 65% of studies reported total energy intake, 61% controlled for total energy intake in the design and analysis, and fewer than 5% of studies reported the energy balance of subjects. There has been a significant increase in research on added sugars since 2010, with substantial heterogeneity across all facets of methodology-study designs, exposures and outcomes of interest, terminology, and reporting of dietary intake data-thus limiting the ability to synthesize evidence in this scope of the literature. This evidence map highlights gaps and important areas for improvement to strengthen the state of research and better inform future policies and dietary recommendations on added sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Fleming
- Traverse Science, 435 E Hawley Street #816, Mundelein, IL 60060, USA; (J.A.P.); (T.L.P.)
| | - Jennifer A. Peregoy
- Traverse Science, 435 E Hawley Street #816, Mundelein, IL 60060, USA; (J.A.P.); (T.L.P.)
| | - Tristen L. Paul
- Traverse Science, 435 E Hawley Street #816, Mundelein, IL 60060, USA; (J.A.P.); (T.L.P.)
| | - Maria O. Scott
- Sugar Association Inc., 1310 L Street, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; (M.O.S.); (P.C.G.)
| | - P. Courtney Gaine
- Sugar Association Inc., 1310 L Street, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005, USA; (M.O.S.); (P.C.G.)
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Thiab S, Barakat M, Nassar RI, Abutaima R, Alsughaier A, Thaher R, Odeh F, Dayyih WA. Knowledge, attitude, and perception of energy drinks consumption among university students in Jordan. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e109. [PMID: 37964975 PMCID: PMC10641699 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy drinks gained popularity after the launch of Red Bull in 1997. Different brands are now available and young adults mainly consume these drinks. This study assesses the knowledge, attitude, and perception of energy drink consumption among university students in Jordan. A validated online survey was used to collect the required data, extracted from Google Forms into an Excel spreadsheet and statistically analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 24.0. A nationally representative sample of university students with a mean age of 22⋅2 ± 3⋅9 years (n 749) was obtained. The participating students demonstrated a neutral level of knowledge about energy drinks, as the mean score of knowledge = 7⋅1 ± 2⋅2 (out of 12), with 66 % (n 498) of them having consumed energy drinks and experienced their effects. Generally, the study's participants demonstrated a neutral attitude towards energy drinks and 70⋅5 % (n 528) acknowledged that energy drinks increase activity, but more than 70 % of them believed that energy drinks have harmful side effects. It was found that there is a significant (P-value <0⋅5) positive correlation between knowledge score and female gender, studying a medical major, and monthly income. The main reasons for consuming energy drinks were reported to be: to stay awake for longer, help study, and become more energetic. There is a need for more structured awareness campaigns to warn students about the possible side effects of these products in order to reduce the consumption and popularity of these drinks among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Thiab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Muna Barakat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Razan I. Nassar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rana Abutaima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa Private University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | | | - Faten Odeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
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Salinas-Mandujano RG, Laiseca-Jácome E, Ramos-Gómez M, Reynoso-Camacho R, Salgado LM, Anaya-Loyola MA. Beverage Consumption Patterns and Nutrient Intake Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Urban Mexican Young Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081817. [PMID: 37111036 PMCID: PMC10143430 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been related to metabolic diseases. Our objective was to identify beverage consumption patterns, nutrient intake, and their possible association with the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Mexican young adults. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Beverage consumption patterns were obtained by principal components analysis. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between the beverage patterns and cardiovascular risk factors. Four beverage patterns were identified. Higher consumption of alcoholic beverages was associated with lower odds for high body fat percent (OR: 0.371; 95% CI: 0.173-0.798), high blood pressure (OR: 0.318; 95% CI: 0.116-0.871), and high glucose (OR: 0.232; 95% CI: 0.061-0.875). Higher consumption of yogurt was associated with lower odds for high glucose (OR: 0.110; 95% CI: 0.22-0.559). In contrast, highest consumption of juice had greater odds for high triglycerides (OR: 1.084; 95% CI: 1.011-4.656). Higher consumption of milk was associated with greater odds for high glucose (OR: 5.304; 95% CI: 1.292-21.773). Beverage consumption habits in Mexican young adults are associated with increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, intervening during young adulthood should be considered in order to improve current health and prevent cardiovascular mortality in later decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estefany Laiseca-Jácome
- Graduate Studies in Human Nutrition, Department of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Minerva Ramos-Gómez
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho
- Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76010, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel Salgado
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Querétaro 76090, Mexico
| | - Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola
- Graduate Studies in Human Nutrition, Department of Natural Science, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
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AlTamimi JZ, Alshwaiyat NM, Alkhalidy H, AlKehayez NM, Alagal RI, Alsaikan RA, Alsemari MA, BinMowyna MN, AlFaris NA. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption in a Multi-Ethnic Population of Young Men and Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics and Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4861. [PMID: 36981770 PMCID: PMC10049135 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages are frequently consumed among adults and are linked with the incidence of obesity. We aimed to determine rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake in a multi-ethnic population of young men and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and obesity. This cross-sectional study included 3600 young men who lived in Riyadh, KSA. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were gathered through personal interviews. The outcome variables in this study are based on the weekly and daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Weight and height were measured following standard protocols. The rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake by participants were 93.6% and 40.8%, respectively. Nationality was a predictor of weekly and daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. The highest rates of weekly (99.5%) and daily (63.9%) consumption were observed in subjects from the Philippines and Yemen, respectively, while Bangladeshi subjects had the lowest rates of weekly (76.9%) and daily (6.9%) consumption. Obesity was another predictor of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Obese participants had a significantly higher odds ratio of weekly sugar-sweetened beverage consumption than non-obese subjects (OR = 4.53, p = 0.037). In conclusion, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was relatively high and our results support an association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and certain sociodemographic variables and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (J.Z.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Naseem M. Alshwaiyat
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gong Badak Campus, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Nora M. AlKehayez
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (J.Z.A.); (N.M.A.)
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.I.A.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Reem A. Alsaikan
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (R.I.A.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Malak A. Alsemari
- Department of Medical Imaging—MRI, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (J.Z.A.); (N.M.A.)
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Almoraie NM, Shatwan IM, Althaiban MA, Hanbazaza MA, Wazzan HA, Aljefree NM. Associations between dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity among public school teachers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1081928. [PMID: 36761223 PMCID: PMC9902718 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1081928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to assess the dietary intake of certain food groups in a representative sample of public-school teachers living in Jeddah city. We also, examined the association of dietary intake with physical activity and obesity among schoolteachers. Methods The study was a cross-sectional online survey, conducted among 640 (177 male, 463 female) schoolteachers aged between 20 and 62 years old and working in public primary, intermediate, and high schools in Jeddah. Measurements included gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), health problems, and lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity levels, smoking status, and dietary intake. Results Based on gender, number of non-smoking women (94%) was higher than number of non-smoking men (57.1%) (P < 0.001). However, men were more active than women (P = 0.03). Regarding BMI, there were more overweight men than women, while obese women numbered more than men (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in dietary intake between men and women except that men consumed more soft drinks than women (P = 0.002). Lower physically active schoolteachers were less likely to consume salad (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.02), vegetables (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-0.9; P = 0.01), beans and legumes (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; P = 0.005), wholegrain bread (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.03), dairy products (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.01), snacks (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.8; P = 0.01), and fish (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9; P = 0.04) compared to those with high levels of physical activity. Only fruit intake was considered statistically significant (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.7; P = 0.003). The study found a relationship between the BMI of schoolteachers and food intake. Obese schoolteachers had lower consumption of fruits (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; P = 0.007) and white meat (OR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9; P = 0.03) than schoolteachers in the normal weight group. Conclusion The high prevalence of physical activity, dietary intake and body weight among Saudi teachers is a major public health concern. The present study identified several lifestyle factors associated with body weight that may represent valid targets for the prevention and management of obesity among Saudi school teachers. Promoting active lifestyles and healthy diets would be primary targets for obesity prevention.
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Xiao HL, Jin CY, Zhang GD, Zhang CQ. Applying the temporal self-regulation theory to understand sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Chinese college students. Health Psychol Behav Med 2023; 11:2208213. [PMID: 37139497 PMCID: PMC10150612 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2023.2208213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Worldwide, there is a growing trend that college students are consuming more and more sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). In order to develop effective intervention strategies, it is important to explore what social-cognitive factors impact on college students' SSB consumption. Building on the temporal self-regulation theory (TST), the current study aimed to examine the effects of intention, behavioral prepotency, and self-regulatory capacity on SSB consumption among college students. Design Data were collected from five hundred Chinese college students online. Participants self-reported their intention, behavioral prepotency (environmental cues and habits), self-regulatory capacity, and behaviors of SSB consumption. Results Study findings showed that intention, behavioral prepotency, and self-regulatory capacity accounted for 32.9% of variance in SSB consumption. In terms of the direct effects, intention, behavioral prepotency, and self-regulatory capacity were significantly associated with the SSB consumption among college students. In addition, self-regulatory capacity and habits but not the environmental cues showed significant moderation effects on the intention-SSB consumption path, indicating that individual factors rather than environmental cues influenced the intention-behavior path of SSB consumption among college students. Conclusion Findings of the current study demonstrated that the TST can be used to explain and understand the impacts of social-cognitive factors on college students' SSB consumption. Future research can apply TST to develop effective intervention programs targeting the reduction of SSB consumption among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Lan Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yan Jin
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Fuhai Middle School, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Dong Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Mental Health Education & Counseling Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Chun-Qing Zhang Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University East Campus, No. 132 Waihuan East Road, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou510006, People’s Republic of China
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Deng Y, Hwang Y, Kim T, Yli-Piipari S. First semester changes in college students' objectively-measured physical activity and dietary behaviors. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-6. [PMID: 36328796 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2135379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to examine changes in freshman students' objectively measured body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and dietary behaviors (consumption of trans fats, sugars, and added sugars) during their first college semester. Methods: Twenty-eight participants (18.32 ± 2.2) completed the dietary (ASA24-US) and PA (wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometer) assessments. Non-parametric Paired-Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to identify the changes in BMI, moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), and nutrition. Results: The analyses showed a statistically significant increase in BMI (Mbaseline = 22.85[2.87] kg/m2; Mpost = 23.53[3.21] kg/m2; p = .002, r = .53) and MVPA (Mbaseline = 200.94[81.08]; Mpost = 216.92[78.33]; p = .031, r = .41), but there were no statistically significant changes in VPA or dietary behaviors. Conclusions: Although freshman students' PA and dietary behaviors were relatively healthy, efforts to increase VPA and reduce consumption of added sugars are well warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Deng
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Yongju Hwang
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Taewoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sami Yli-Piipari
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Jibril AT, Mirzababaei A, Shiraseb F, Barekzai AM, Jalilpiran Y, Mirzaei K. Association of healthy beverage index with circadian rhythm and quality of sleep among overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2541-2550. [PMID: 35389150 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Circadian rhythm is a behavioral, physiological, and molecular change with a cycle length of approximately 24 h. Changes to the circadian rhythm can result in sleep difficulty. The healthy beverage index (HBI) is a holistic concept for evaluating the quality of overall beverage intake and its association with health-related outcomes in nutritional epidemiological studies. This study aimed to assess the relationship of HBI with circadian rhythm and sleep quality among overweight/obese women. METHODS The current study was conducted among 208 overweight and obese women between 18-48 years in Tehran, Iran. We evaluated potential HBI with a valid food frequency questionnaire. Following standard procedures, trained personnel assessed anthropometric measures, blood samples, and other baseline characteristics. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the morning-eveningness questionnaire were applied to evaluate sleep quality and circadian rhythm respectively. RESULTS The mean (SD) BMI for this study was 30.8 (4.2) kg/m2. We observed that subjects in the least tertile had significantly high levels of triglyceride (p = 0.04) and low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.009). High-density lipoprotein was significantly different across the tertiles (p = 0.003). After adjusting for potential covariates, subjects in the second tertile of HBI had 5.07 odds of having the worst quality of sleep as compared to those in the third tertile, p < 0.05. We also observed a significant inverse association between the HBI and the "moderately evening type" participants (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.68-0.99; p: 0.02) after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Healthy beverage consumption may have the potential of improving sleep quality among overweight and obese subjects. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, evidence obtained from a descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu Tijani Jibril
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O.Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mirzababaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O.Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O.Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Mujtaba Barekzai
- Department of Community Nutrition, Ministry of Public Health, Ghazanfar Institute of Health Science, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O.Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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AlFaris NA, Alshwaiyat NM, Alkhalidy H, AlTamimi JZ, Alagal RI, Alsaikan RA, Alsemari MA, BinMowyna MN, AlKehayez NM. Sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men and association with sociodemographic variables and obesity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:987048. [PMID: 36110403 PMCID: PMC9468762 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.987048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adults frequently consume sugar-sweetened beverages. These products are linked to negative health effects such as obesity. Our study was carried out to assess rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men and association with sociodemographic variables and obesity. Methods A sum of 1,800 middle-aged men (36–59 years) living in Riyadh, KSA, participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic variables and the frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption were gathered from participants using face to face interviews. Weekly and daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages were the two binary outcome variables applied in this research. Weight and height were measured following standard procedures. Results In this study, 93.8 and 32.6% of participants consumed sugar-sweetened beverages weekly and daily, respectively. The weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverages consumption was predicted by nationality. Subjects from Pakistan (99.3%) and Yemen (60.0%) reported the greatest rates of weekly and daily consumption, respectively, while Bangladeshi and Sudanese subjects reported the lowest rates of weekly (87%) and daily (2.9%) consumption, respectively. Another factor that predicted weekly sugar-sweetened beverages consumption was obesity. Obese subjects had a significantly greater odds ratio of weekly sugar-sweetened beverages intake than non-obese individuals (OR = 3.80, P = 0.003). Conclusion Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is common among middle-aged men who live in KSA. Results show connecting sugar-sweetened beverages intake with specific sociodemographic variables and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A. AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem M. Alshwaiyat
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jozaa Z. AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem A. Alsaikan
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak A. Alsemari
- Department of Medical Imaging – MRI, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona N. BinMowyna
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora M. AlKehayez
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Nora M. AlKehayez
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Shatwan IM, Aljefree NM, Almoraie NM. Snacking pattern of college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:49. [PMID: 35590350 PMCID: PMC9117852 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although unhealthy snack foods are commonly consumed by college students, snacking patterns among college students have not been comprehensively examined in Saudi Arabia. In our study, we aimed to investigate snacking patterns among Saudi college students and to assess sociodemographic data that affect adherence to these snacking patterns. METHODS Between January 2021 and March 2021 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, an online survey was conducted with 662 college students from a Saudi university. The survey included sociodemographic questions and a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) regarding the consumption of common snack foods. Snacking patterns were generated from the FFQ using the factor analysis method. RESULTS Factor analyses generated seven snacking patterns, which explained 64.5% of the variance in snacking. Students in their early academic years (1-3 years) had a higher score for the convenience snack and fast-food pattern (0.22 ± 0.48 and 0.31 ± 0.52, respectively) than senior students (4-6 years) (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Healthy snacks patterns were higher among students at higher income levels (P = 0.006) and active students (P < 0.001) than among students at low- or mid-income levels and inactive students. Higher adherence to the beverages pattern was observed among male students (P = 0.03), active students (P = 0.01), and students with obesity than their counterparts (P = 0.02). The dairy products pattern was higher among male students (P = 0.04), students at higher income levels (P = 0.04), and students with obesity (P = 0.03) than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Most snacking patterns identified among the study participants were considered unhealthy. Adherence to healthy snacks is influenced by physical activity and family income. These findings may be helpful in the future for developing adequate nutrition education programs that promote health by adhering to healthy snack choices in this critical age group. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to investigate snacking patterns among other age groups in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa M Shatwan
- Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270, Saudi Arabia.
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Romero-Blanco C, Hernández-Martínez A, Parra-Fernández ML, Onieva-Zafra MD, Prado-Laguna MDC, Rodríguez-Almagro J. Food Preferences in Undergraduate Nursing Students and Its Relationship with Food Addiction and Physical Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073858. [PMID: 35409543 PMCID: PMC8998007 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The transition to college is a decisive stage for the acquisition of eating habits that continue into adulthood. The aim of this study is to assess the consumption of healthy elements of the Mediterranean diet in a group of university students and to evaluate whether the consumption pattern was related to sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), food addiction or the amount of physical activity performed. A total of 515 nursing students participated. The Mediterranean diet adherence questionnaire (PREDIMED), the food addiction scale (YFAS 2.0) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were completed. For data analysis, multivariate analysis was performed with multiple linear regression and adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. The results showed that females consumed various types of meats (white/red, processed) in a healthier proportion (p < 0.05). Students that consumed more than one per day (unhealthy) of red/processed meats (mean difference (MD) = −0.49; 95% CI: −0.83; −0.15), soft drinks (MD = −0.82; 95% CI: 82−1.36; −0.27) and pastries (MD = −0.63; 95% CI: −0.97; −0.30) displayed higher food addiction scores. In addition, students who skipped breakfast also scored higher on food addiction (MD = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.31−1.19). Higher values of physical activity were observed in those who presented a healthy consumption of vegetables (MD = 140.86; 95% CI: 72.71−209.02), fruit (MD = 145.78; 95% CI: 69.35−222.21), legumes (MD = 136.46; 95% CI: 60.43−212.50) and nuts (MD = 74.36; 95% CI: 14.23−134.49). Students who consumed more red or processed meats, more pastries and more soft drinks had higher values of food addiction, while those who consumed more vegetables, fruits, legumes, and nuts had more minutes of physical activity per week. These findings invite us to insist on expanding knowledge regarding the health benefits of consuming a Mediterranean-type diet as a whole. The healthy consumption of fish, fruit and legumes should also be emphasized, especially among university students.
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Knowledge, Attitude and Consumption Pattern of Sugar Sweetened Beverages Among Somali Students in Turkey. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.861149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Consumption, Attitudes, and Trends of Vending Machine Foods at a University Campus: A Cross-Sectional Study. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092122. [PMID: 34574231 PMCID: PMC8470557 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vending machines (VMs) have been identified as an obesogenic factor, offering mainly energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods, with limited healthy options available. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess consumption trends and attitude toward vending machine (VM) foods in a university setting. A web-based survey was conducted among 1250 students and staff. Most participants reported weight gain (43.4%) and poorer food choices (53.4%) since joining the university. Participants described VM foods as expensive (53.7%) and lacking variety (34.3%). Over 81% demanded the availability of healthier options. About 75% of participants were VMs users. The most frequently purchased VM items were water, chocolate, and chips. Males reported consuming nuts, soda, iced tea, and energy drinks more frequently than females (p < 0.005). The main reasons for using the VM were hunger and lack of time. Over 40% nominated fresh fruits, baked chips, sandwiches, and dry roasted nuts to be provided in the VMs as healthier food options. Males and those responsible for buying their own food were more likely to select healthier options (p = 0.001). Findings can be used to inform stakeholders of current vending behaviors and to plan tailored interventions to improve the nutritional quality of vended items and promote healthier food choices.
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Li H, Liang H, Yang H, Zhang X, Ding X, Zhang R, Mao Y, Liu Z, Kan Q, Sun T. Association between intake of sweetened beverages with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2021; 44:516-526. [PMID: 33837431 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conclusions remain controversial between the consumption of sugar and artificially sweetened beverages (SSBs and ASBs) and mortality. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases from their inception date to 1st January 2020, prospective cohort studies researching the mortality risk and SSBs or ASBs consumption were included. Random effects meta-analyses and dose-response analyses were performed to measure the association. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were further performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by Funnel plots and Egger's regression test. RESULTS Across all 15 cohorts, 1211 470 participants were included. High SSB consumption was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.19, P < 0.001; and cardiovascular disease [CVD] mortality [HR 1.20, 95% CI, 1.05-1.38, P < 0.001]), and high ASBs consumption showed similar result (HR 1.12, 95% CI, 1.04-1.21, P = 0.001 for all-cause mortality and HR 1.23, 95% CI, 1.00-1.50, P = 0.049 for CVD mortality), both showed a linear dose-response relationship. CONCLUSIONS High consumption of both ASBs and SSBs showed significant associations with a higher risk of CVD mortality and all-cause mortality. This information may provide ideas for decreasing the global burden of diseases by reducing sweetened beverage intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis; Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Translational Medicine Platform, Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Huoyan Liang
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis; Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Translational Medicine Platform, Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis; Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xianfei Ding
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis; Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Translational Medicine Platform, Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ruifang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- General Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University; Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis; Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Translational Medicine Platform, Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Bedoyan J, McNamara J, Olfert MD, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Greene GW. Establishing criterion validity for the Revised Critical Nutrition Literacy Tool in U.S. college students. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:37. [PMID: 33688546 PMCID: PMC7933612 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_632_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical nutrition literacy (CNL) plays an important role in how college students make everyday decisions about nutrition choices. Increasing CNL is an aim of many introductory nutrition courses, but there are limited instruments measuring this construct. This study aimed to assess the changeability of CNL and the relationship between CNL and markers of diet quality in young adults. DESIGN This was a two-phase research project consisting of a nonexperimental, pre-post study and a cross-sectional assessment from 2018 to 2019. Participants were U.S. college students, 18-24 years old, recruited from introductory-level courses from three participating universities, located in Rhode Island, West Virginia, and New Jersey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Interventions consisted of (1) a 4-credit, 13-week nutrition course and (2) a cross-sectional, online behavior, environment, and perception survey. CNL was measured using the Revised CNL Tool (CNLT-R) instrument across both phases. Measures for phases include: (1) the changeability of CNL and (2) the relationship between CNL and markers of diet quality. ANALYSIS Paired t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance were utilized through SPSS version 25.0. RESULTS CNL score significantly increased from baseline to postintervention from 3.38 ± 0.48 to 3.61 ± 0.55 (P = 0.014). There was an overall significant effect of CNL on markers of diet quality, such as cups of fruits and vegetables (F/V) and teaspoons of added sugar (F [2,1321] = 3.12, P < 0.05; Wilks' Λ = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS This research found that an introduction to nutrition course was associated with an increase in CNL and that CNL is related to diet quality. The instrument could be used by nutrition educators as an outcome assessment. Future research should investigate other components of the CNL construct as well as predictive validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Bedoyan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Jade McNamara
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Melissa D. Olfert
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Carol Byrd-Bredbenner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Geoffrey W. Greene
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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Wan Z, Wang L, Xu Y, Wang Y, Zhang T, Mao X, Li Q, Zhu Y, Zhou M, Li Z. Hidden Hunger of Vitamin E among Healthy College Students: A Cross- Sectional Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 21:1025-1030. [PMID: 33388024 PMCID: PMC8778628 DOI: 10.2174/1871530321666210101165648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students may have a risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies due to unhealthy dietary habits, especially for vitamin A and E. They are important members of the human antioxidant network; deficiencies of these vitamins may increase the risk of many critical diseases. OBJECTIVE The current study was undertaken to determine the status of vitamin A and E in college students. METHODS Healthy college students were recruited, and fasting blood samples of them were collected and used for determining serum levels of retinol and α-tocopherol by the HPLC method. RESULTS We found that there was no vitamin A deficiency in college students. However, vitamin E deficiency existed in 34.5% of college students, especially in males. All the students had no vitamin E adequacy. In addition, our findings showed that BMI was inversely associated with serum α-- tocopherol, but not serum retinol. CONCLUSION These results suggest that vitamin E deficiency in college students should be given more attention, and it is necessary to consider using vitamin E supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Wan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinyang Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyou Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlan Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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