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Jiménez-Ortega RF, Meneses-León J, Hernández S, Thebar-Moreno P, Aparicio-Bautista DI, Becerra-Cervera A, Aguilar-Salinas C, Salmerón J, Rivera-Paredez B, Velázquez-Cruz R. High dietary antioxidant index associated with reduced insulin resistance in female Mexican children and adolescents. Nutr Res 2024; 132:53-66. [PMID: 39461300 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024]
Abstract
Antioxidant intake is inversely associated with different health outcomes; however, its association with insulin resistance (IR) has not been well documented. We hypothesized that the Dietary Antioxidant Index (DAI) is inversely associated with IR in Mexican children and adolescents. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Health Workers Cohort Study. A total of 830 children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years were enrolled. The DAI was evaluated in three categories defined by tertiles using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. IR was defined using previously reported cutoff points in the homeostasis model assessment. This association was evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model. Stratified analysis was performed using body mass index and sex. The prevalence of IR based on the DAI categories (low, medium, high) was 23.8%, 24.2%, and 15.3%, respectively. The IR odds ratio (OR) for participants in the highest DAI category was 0.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30-0.80). Notably, female Children and Adolescents in the highest DAI category had significantly lower odds of developing IR than those in the lowest DAI category (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-0.98). Participants with overweight/obesity showed a similar association (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.76). These results suggest that the DAI is inversely associated with IR, particularly in females, highlighting the potential role of antioxidants in preventing IR. This underscores the need to establish recommendations for antioxidant consumption in female children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio F Jiménez-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México; Universidad Estatal del Valle de Ecatepec, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México, México
| | - Joacim Meneses-León
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sonia Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Priscila Thebar-Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diana I Aparicio-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adriana Becerra-Cervera
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México; Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Salinas
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Metabolismo Óseo, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México.
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Larruy-García A, Mahmood L, Miguel-Berges ML, Masip G, Seral-Cortés M, De Miguel-Etayo P, Moreno LA. Diet Quality Scores, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:755-788. [PMID: 39331350 PMCID: PMC11522196 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We aimed to examine the relationship between various diet quality scores and obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity and MetS, which increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease from childhood through adolescence, have been associated with adherence to various diet quality scores. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, SciELO, Embase, and Cochrane, covering the period until March 2024. Two researchers evaluated 3,519 studies according to the inclusion criteria. Finally, 73 articles that analysed the relationship between diet quality scores and obesity and MetS were included, and 6 of them were included in a meta-analysis. Children younger than 12 years old showed statistically significant differences indicating a higher Mediterranean diet (MD) score adherence compared to those with a low score adherence for BMI (MD = 0.33 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.64) and WC values (MD = 1.21 cm, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.93). Additionally, in the meta-regression analysis, boys showed stronger associations for BMI, z-score BMI and WC (β = 19.82, 95% CI: 17.62, 22.03, β = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.96 and β = 67.03, 95% CI: 57.29, 76.77, respectively). Studies in this review suggest an association between high adherence to different diet quality scores and low BMI. Meta-analysis assessing the association between adherence to the MD and BMI, and WC, showed a protective effect of the MD pattern against obesity outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analyses provided evidence on the effect of the diet quality on obesity and MetS in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Larruy-García
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lubna Mahmood
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María L Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guiomar Masip
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Seral-Cortés
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar De Miguel-Etayo
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
- CIBER. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Physiatry and Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna Street, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Callanan S, Delahunt A, Phillips CM, Wilson Z, Foley H, McNestry C, Douglass A, Cody D, McDonnell CM, Twomey PJ, Crowley RK, McAuliffe FM. Childhood Nutritional Factors and Cardiometabolic Outcomes at 9-11 y of Age: Findings from the ROLO Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:891-906. [PMID: 39074558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood represents a critical period of nutritional risk in the programming of later chronic disease. Few longitudinal studies have explored repeated measures of nutrition throughout the first decade of life in relation to preteen cardiometabolic outcomes. OBJECTIVES This research aimed to explore associations of early feeding practices (human milk exposure and duration and timing of introduction to solids) and childhood dietary quality and inflammatory scores (at 5 and 9-11 y and change during childhood) on preteen cardiometabolic outcomes. METHODS This is an analysis of children from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study (n = 399). Information on early feeding practices were obtained at postnatal study visits. Food frequency questionnaires collected maternal-reported dietary intakes for each child at 5 and 9-11 y of age. Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and the Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII) scores were calculated. Anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiorespiratory endurance, and blood biomarkers were obtained at 9-11 y. Crude and adjusted linear regression models examined nutritional exposure associations with preteen cardiometabolic outcomes. RESULTS In the adjusted model, any human milk exposure was associated with lower body fat (%) at 9-11 y (β: -2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -5.46, -0.27; P = 0.03), than never receiving human milk. At 5 y, diet scores were favorably associated with lean mass at 9-11 y (P < 0.05 for both). Higher preteen HEI-2015 scores were associated with lower preteen leptin levels (tertile 3 compared with tertile 1-β: -2.92; 95% CI: -5.64, -0.21; P = 0.03). Diet quality significantly deteriorated (HEI-2015 score decreased) and became more proinflammatory (C-DII score increased) from 5 to 9-11 y of age. Diet quality/inflammation deterioration (compared with improvement) or overall change in dietary scores were not related to preteen cardiometabolic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to human milk in early life was associated with lower preteen adiposity, irrespective of duration. Diet quality/inflammatory potential deteriorated between early childhood and the preteen years, highlighting a potential period for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Callanan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anna Delahunt
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Phillips
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zoe Wilson
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah Foley
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine McNestry
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alexander Douglass
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Declan Cody
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Children's Health Ireland, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M McDonnell
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Children's Health Ireland, Temple Street Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Twomey
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel K Crowley
- Department of Endocrinology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Chan KS, Farah NM, Yeo GS, Teh KC, Lee ST, Makbul IAA, Jamil NA, Sharif R, Wong JE, Khouw I, Poh BK. Association of adiposity, serum vitamin D, and dietary quality with cardiometabolic risk factors in children aged 6-12 years: findings from SEANUTS II Malaysia. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:1328-1339. [PMID: 39251408 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Increased cardiometabolic risk among children is increasingly becoming a concern, with evidence indicating that obesity, diet, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) are associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, such studies among Malaysian children are scarce. Thus, this study explores the associations between adiposity, dietary quality, and 25(OH)D, with cardiometabolic risk factors among Malaysian children aged 4-12 years. Data of 479 children (mean age: 8.2 ± 2.3 years old, 52% females) from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS II) Malaysia, were included in this analysis. Adiposity (percentage of body fat) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance technique. Dietary quality was assessed using 24 h dietary recall and calculated as mean adequacy ratio. Vitamin D was assessed based on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Measurements of cardiometabolic risk factors included waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and cardiometabolic risk cluster score (siMS) was calculated. Overall, higher adiposity was positively associated with all cardiometabolic risk factors (WC, ß = 0.907; 95% CI = 0.865, 0.948; MAP, ß = 0.225; 95% CI = 0.158, 0.292; HDL, ß = -0.011; 95% CI = -0.014, -0.009; Triglyceride, ß = 0.012; 95% CI = 0.009, 0.016; FBG, ß = 0.006; 95% CI = 0.002, 0.011) and siMS score (ß = 0.033; 95% CI = 0.029, 0.037). Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with siMS score (ß = -0.002; 95% CI = -0.004, -0.000008) and positively associated with HDL (ß = 0.002; 95% CI = 0.0001, 0.003). Our findings suggest that adiposity is a key determinant of adverse cardiometabolic risk factors in children, while serum 25(OH)D may be associated with overall cardiometabolic health. Interventions to reduce obesity are needed to mitigate the deleterious consequences of cardiometabolic dysregulation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sze Chan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Nor Mf Farah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
- Obesity-UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Giin Shang Yeo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Chiet Teh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Shoo Thien Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Aini Jamil
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Razinah Sharif
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Jyh Eiin Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
- Obesity-UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Ilse Khouw
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
- Obesity-UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Malaysia
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5
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Farsi DJ. BMI, Dental Caries, and Risk Factors among Elementary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1145. [PMID: 39334677 PMCID: PMC11430253 DOI: 10.3390/children11091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Obesity and dental caries are multifactorial diseases with high prevalence amongst Saudi children. The aim of the study was to determine their association with common risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 300 children attending elementary schools. After taking their height and weight, their body mass indices (BMIs) were calculated. Oral examination was performed to record the decayed, missed, and filled scores (dmft/DMFT). A thorough questionnaire was compiled and validated to gather information on diet and physical activity (PA). The KIDMED score was calculated from a 16-item questionnaire to assess diet. Junk food and PA scores were also calculated based on relevant questions. Nonparametric tests were used to assess the associations between the scores and health outcomes (dmft/DMFT and BMI). Results: Fifty-eight of the children had poor diets, which was associated with higher dmft/DMFT (p = 0.012). PA levels were very low, and the average PA score was 2.12 ± 0.61. No association was found between BMI percentiles and PA level, nor between BMI percentiles and diet quality. Older children had lower BMI percentiles compared with younger children (coefficient = -9.35, 95% CI: -17.05, -1.65), and a borderline significant negative association was observed between dmft/DMFT and BMI percentile. Conclusions: Poor diets and chips consumption were related to dental caries. Obesity was not related to diet quality nor PA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema J Farsi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Kind Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Marateb HR, Mansourian M, Koochekian A, Shirzadi M, Zamani S, Mansourian M, Mañanas MA, Kelishadi R. Prevention of Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents Using Machine Learning and Noninvasive Factors: The CASPIAN-V Study. INFORMATION 2024; 15:564. [DOI: 10.3390/info15090564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a growing concern in children and adolescents, marked by obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to predict CMS using machine learning based on data from the CASPIAN-V study, which involved 14,226 participants aged 7–18 years, with a CMS prevalence of 82.9%. We applied the XGBoost algorithm to analyze key noninvasive variables, including self-rated health, sunlight exposure, screen time, consanguinity, healthy and unhealthy dietary habits, discretionary salt and sugar consumption, birthweight, and birth order, father and mother education, oral hygiene behavior, and family history of dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes using five-fold cross-validation. The model achieved high sensitivity (94.7% ± 4.8) and specificity (78.8% ± 13.7), with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.867 ± 0.087, indicating strong predictive performance and significantly outperformed triponderal mass index (TMI) (adjusted paired t-test; p < 0.05). The most critical selected modifiable factors were sunlight exposure, screen time, consanguinity, healthy and unhealthy diet, dietary fat type, and discretionary salt consumption. This study emphasizes the clinical importance of early identification of at-risk individuals to implement timely interventions. It offers a promising tool for CMS risk screening. These findings support using predictive analytics in clinical settings to address the rising CMS epidemic in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Marateb
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mahsa Mansourian
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Koochekian
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shirzadi
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shadi Zamani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Marjan Mansourian
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Angel Mañanas
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
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7
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Wang M, Gong Q, Yu C, Wang H, Hebestreit A, Lau PWC, Wang H, Li L. Isotemporal Substitution Effects of Daily Time Use on Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Children in the OptiChild Study: A Mediation Analysis with Diet Quality. Nutrients 2024; 16:2788. [PMID: 39203923 PMCID: PMC11357184 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Although daily time-use is associated with diet quality and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in children, their interdependence remains unexplored. This study first examined the associations between reallocating daily movement time and diet quality and CRF, and second the mediating role of diet quality in the relationship between daily time-use and CRF. (2) Methods: This study included 1131 Chinese children (aged 8 to 10 years; median [interquartile range]: 8.5 [8.3, 8.8]) at baseline (September 2022) and 1268 children at the 9-month follow-up (June 2023) from the OptiChild study. Daily durations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep, and sedentary behavior (e.g., screen time) were self-reported or proxy-reported by parents. Diet quality was assessed via the Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ), which uses a 24 h dietary recall and is categorized according to the Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score and Food Group Diversity Score (FGDS). The CRF was measured using VO2max after the 20 m shuttle run test. Longitudinal associations between daily time-use, diet quality, and CRF were calculated using isotemporal substitution models. Mediation analyses were used to determine whether diet quality mediated the associations between daily time-use and CRF. (3) Results: Reallocation of 30 min from screen time to MVPA resulted in significant improvements in the GDR score (β baseline = 0.11, p = 0.024; β follow-up = 0.26, p < 0.001), FGDS (β baseline = 0.11, p = 0.006; β follow-up = 0.19, p < 0.001), and CRF (β baseline = 0.40, p < 0.001; β follow-up = 0.26, p = 0.001). Diet quality partially mediated the associations between MVPA, screen time, and CRF. Substituting 30 min of screen time for MVPA led to diet quality mediating a proportion of the association with CRF (GDR score: 11.4%, FGDS: 6.6%). (4) Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of optimizing daily time-use of MVPA and screen time and improving diet quality to promote physical fitness in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Ningbo Center for Healthy Lifestyle Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Qinghai Gong
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China;
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China;
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Antje Hebestreit
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Patrick W. C. Lau
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China;
- Laboratory of Exercise Science and Health, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (M.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China;
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8
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Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Wójcik M, Herceg-Čavrak V, Cobal S, Radovanovic D, Alvarez-Pitti J, Hartgring I, Piórecka B, Gabbianelli R, Drożdż D. Dietary Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2786. [PMID: 39203922 PMCID: PMC11357530 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to gather information on effective dietary strategies for the prevention and treatment of hypertension (HTN) in children and adolescents. It discusses specific nutritional models such as the Diet Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet), traditional Asian diets, plant-based diets, the Southern European traditional Atlantic diet, and the Mediterranean diet, highlighting the benefits of these approaches. The manuscript also addresses dehydration resulting from insufficient fluid intake among children, as well as the consumption of inappropriate beverages, like soft drinks and energy drinks, which contributes to the development of HTN. Additionally, it examines the role of oxidative stress in the pathomechanism of HTN in children, particularly in relation to the antioxidant potential of food components such as selenium, magnesium, and selected vitamins. The relationship between sodium and potassium intake from food and the development of HTN in children is also explored. Finally, this study discusses public health strategies for the prevention of HTN in children. A comprehensive search was performed across multiple databases, such as PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and EBSCO. This search focused on locating English-language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies from around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
- University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Vesna Herceg-Čavrak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Libertas International University, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sara Cobal
- Croatian Medical Association, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dragan Radovanovic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
| | - Julio Alvarez-Pitti
- Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC—Research Group, Fundación de Investigación, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Isa Hartgring
- Innovation in Paediatrics and Technologies-iPEDITEC—Research Group, Fundación de Investigación, Consorcio Hospital General, University of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Beata Piórecka
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawińska 8 St., 31-066 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy;
| | - Dorota Drożdż
- University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Chair of Pediatrics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265 St., 30-663 Crakow, Poland
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9
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Wang Q, Xie T, Huo X, Snieder H, Corpeleijn E. Diet Quality at 3 Years of Age Relates to Lower Body Mass Index but Not Lower Blood Pressure at 10 Years of Age. Nutrients 2024; 16:2634. [PMID: 39203771 PMCID: PMC11356893 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy diet prevents overweight problems and hypertension. We investigated the associations of a healthy diet with the body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) in early childhood. In the GECKO birth cohort, height, weight, and BP were measured at 5 and 10 years of age. Diet was evaluated at 3 years using three diet scores: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and the Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS). Linear and logistic regression models assessed the associations of diet scores with the BMI and BP. Of the 1077 children included, 10.8% were overweight or obese at 5 years. That number was 16.5% at 10 years. In addition, 34.5% had elevated BP at 5 years. That number was 23.9% at 10 years. Higher DASH, MDS, and LLDS, which indicate healthier diets, were all associated with lower BMI z-scores at 10 years of age. Higher DASH is related to lower overweight risk at 10 years. None of the diet scores were associated with BP or elevated BP at either 5 or 10 years. Also, in an overweight subset, diet was not related to BP. A healthy diet in early childhood is related to children being less overweight but not having lower BP at 10 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihua Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China;
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Xia Huo
- Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China;
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (Q.W.); (H.S.)
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Yim G, Margetaki K, Romano ME, Kippler M, Vafeiadi M, Roumeliotaki T, Bempi V, Farzan SF, Chatzi L, Howe CG. Metal mixture exposures and serum lipid levels in childhood: the Rhea mother-child cohort in Greece. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:688-698. [PMID: 38698271 PMCID: PMC11559660 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that cardiovascular disease develops over the lifetime, often beginning in childhood. Metal exposures have been associated with cardiovascular disease and important risk factors, including dyslipidemia, but prior studies have largely focused on adult populations and single metal exposures. OBJECTIVE To investigate the individual and joint impacts of multiple metal exposures on lipid levels during childhood. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 291 4-year-old children from the Rhea Cohort Study in Heraklion, Greece. Seven metals (manganese, cobalt, selenium, molybdenum, cadmium, mercury, and lead) were measured in whole blood using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum lipid levels included total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. To determine the joint and individual impacts of child metal exposures (log2-transformed) on lipid levels, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was employed as the primary multi-pollutant approach. Potential effect modification by child sex and childhood environmental tobacco smoke exposure was also evaluated. RESULTS BKMR identified a positive association between the metal mixture and both total and LDL cholesterol. Of the seven metals examined, selenium (median 90.6 [IQR = 83.6, 96.5] µg/L) was assigned the highest posterior inclusion probability for both total and LDL cholesterol. A difference in LDL cholesterol of 8.22 mg/dL (95% CI = 1.85, 14.59) was observed when blood selenium was set to its 75th versus 25th percentile, holding all other metals at their median values. In stratified analyses, the positive association between selenium and LDL cholesterol was only observed among boys or among children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke during childhood. IMPACT STATEMENT Growing evidence indicates that cardiovascular events in adulthood are the consequence of the lifelong atherosclerotic process that begins in childhood. Therefore, public health interventions targeting childhood cardiovascular risk factors may have a particularly profound impact on reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease. Although growing evidence supports that both essential and nonessential metals contribute to cardiovascular disease and risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, prior studies have mainly focused on single metal exposures in adult populations. To address this research gap, the current study investigated the joint impacts of multiple metal exposures on lipid concentrations in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeyoon Yim
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA.
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Clinic of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Megan E Romano
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vicky Bempi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin G Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
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11
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Loizou P, Taylor CM, Buckland G. The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern in childhood in relation to cardiometabolic risk in adolescence and early adulthood in the ALSPAC birth cohort. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e86. [PMID: 38511334 PMCID: PMC10966836 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002400048x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)-style dietary patterns in childhood and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adolescence/early adulthood. DESIGN Data were obtained from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) prospective cohort. Diet diary data collected at 7, 10 and 13 years were used to calculate DASH-style diet scores (DDS). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between the DDS at 7, 10 and 13 years and CMR scores, calculated at 17 and 24 years. SETTING The ALSPAC cohort included children born in south-west England in 1991-1992. PARTICIPANTS Children with complete dietary, covariate and cardiometabolic data at 17 (n 1,526) and 24 years (n 1,524). RESULTS A higher DDS at 7 and 10 years was negatively associated with CMR scores at 17 years (β = -0·64 (95 % CI -1·27, -0·006), Ptrend=0·027 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 7 years; β = -0·73 (95 % CI -1·35, -0·12) and Ptrend=0·037 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 10 years) and at 24 years (β = -0·92 (95 % CI -1·49, -0·34) Ptrend = 0·001 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 7 years; β = -0·60 (95 % CI -1·20, -0·05) Ptrend = 0·092 for fifth v. first DDS quintile at 10 years). No associations were found between the DDS at 13 years and CMR score at 17 and 24 years. CONCLUSION Greater adherence with a DASH-style diet during childhood was associated with better cardiometabolic health in adolescence/adulthood in the ALSPAC cohort. The components of the DASH diet could be recommended to improve children's cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol
Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PS, UK
| | - Genevieve Buckland
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol
Medical School, University of Bristol, BristolBS8 2PS, UK
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Gaona-Pineda EB, López-Olmedo N, Moreno-Macías H, Shamah-Levy T. Three approaches to assessing dietary quality in Mexican adolescents from 2006 to 2018 with data from national health and nutrition surveys. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e97. [PMID: 38465375 PMCID: PMC10993068 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess trends in the dietary quality of Mexican adolescents from 2006 to 2018, both overall and by sociodemographic indicators, using adaptations of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health (PH) recommendations, optimal intake estimated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and 2015 Mexican Dietary Guidelines (MDG) in nationally representative samples. DESIGN Using dietary data from a semi-quantitative FFQ, dietary quality indexes were constructed as adaptations of three dietary intake recommendations. Trends in adherence to recommendations were evaluated with multivariate quantile regression models with survey year as the main independent variable and adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, dwelling area, geographical region, household assets condition, and student/non-student status. P values and CI were Bonferroni-corrected. SETTING Mexico. PARTICIPANTS Non-pregnant or lactating adolescents aged 12-19 years (n 16 520). RESULTS Adherence to the PH index was about 40 %, GBD was nearly 35 % and MDG was about 37 %. The lowest adherences were for added sugars, sugar-sweetened beverages, nuts and seeds, red meats, processed meats, and legumes (<28 %). No 2006-2018 trends in total adherence were found in any index. Nevertheless, negative adherence trends were identified for poultry (β = -2·4), and saturated fats (β = -0·93), and positive for unsaturated oils (β = 1·23), in the PH. In MDG, relevant trends were found for plain water (β = 1·63) and foods rich in fats (β = -1·24). CONCLUSIONS Mexican adolescents have demonstrated poor dietary quality by these three approaches. Therefore, this population has a high-risk profile for diet-associated chronic diseases. Further research and appropriate public policies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Berenice Gaona-Pineda
- Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute
of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca,
Mexico
- Master’s and Doctoral Program in Medical, Odontological and Health
Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico
City, Mexico
| | - Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of
Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Center for Evaluation and Survey Research, National Institute
of Public Health of Mexico, Cuernavaca,
Mexico
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Laamanen SE, Eloranta AM, Haapala EA, Sallinen T, Schwab U, Lakka TA. Associations of diet quality and food consumption with serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism in Finnish children: the PANIC study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:623-637. [PMID: 38127151 PMCID: PMC10899368 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations of overall diet quality and dietary factors with serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism in a general population of children. METHODS We studied 194 girls and 209 boys aged 6-8 years participating in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. Food consumption was assessed by 4-day food records and diet quality was quantified by the Finnish Children Healthy Eating Index (FCHEI). Fasting serum fatty acids, amino acids, apolipoproteins, as well as lipoprotein particle sizes were analyzed with high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and body fat percentage. RESULTS FCHEI was directly associated with the ratio of polyunsaturated (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) (PUFA/SFA), the ratio of PUFA to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (PUFA/MUFA), the ratio of PUFA to total fatty acids (FA) (PUFA%), the ratio of omega-3-fatty acids to total FA (omega-3 FA%), and inversely associated with the ratio of MUFA to total FA (MUFA%), alanine, glycine, histidine and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle size. Consumption of vegetable oils and vegetable-oil-based margarine (≥ 60% fat) was directly associated with PUFA/SFA, PUFA/MUFA, PUFA%, the ratio of omega-6 FA to total FA (omega-6 FA%), and inversely associated with SFA, MUFA, SFA to total FA (SFA%), MUFA%, alanine and VLDL particle size. Consumption of high-fiber grain products directly associated with PUFA/SFA, PUFA/MUFA, omega-3 FA%, omega-6 FA%, PUFA% and inversely associated with SFA and SFA%. Fish consumption directly related to omega-3 FA and omega-3 FA%. Consumption of sugary products was directly associated with histidine and VLDL particle size. Vegetable, fruit, and berry consumption had direct associations with VLDL particle size and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1. Consumption of low fat (< 1%) milk was directly associated with phenylalanine. A higher consumption of high-fat (≥ 1%) milk was associated with lower serum MUFA/SFA and higher SFA%. Sausage consumption was directly related to SFA% and histidine. Red meat consumption was inversely associated with glycine. CONCLUSIONS Better diet quality, higher in intake of dietary sources of unsaturated fat and fiber, and lower in sugary product intake were associated with more favorable levels of serum biomarkers for lipid and amino acid metabolism independent of adiposity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01803776, registered March 3, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi E Laamanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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14
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Healy DR, Kårlund A, Mikkonen S, Puhakka S, Karhunen L, Kolehmainen M. Associations of low levels of air pollution with cardiometabolic outcomes and the role of diet quality in individuals with obesity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117637. [PMID: 37993047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse cardiometabolic health effects and increased mortality, even at low concentrations. Some of the biological mechanisms through which air pollution can affect cardiometabolic health overlap with health outcomes associated with diet quality and changes in diet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate associations of air pollutants at average concentrations below the World Health Organization, 2021 air quality guidelines with cardiometabolic outcomes. Furthermore, potential interaction between air pollutants and diet quality will be assessed. METHODS 82 individuals with obesity participated in a combined weight loss and weight loss maintenance study for a total of 33 weeks. A secondary analysis was conducted incorporating air pollution measurements. Data were analysed with linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS A total of 17 significant associations were observed for single pollutants with 10 cardiometabolic outcomes, predominantly related to blood lipids, hormones, and glucose regulation. Diet quality, as measured by the Baltic Sea Diet score, did not appear to mediate the association of air pollution with cardiometabolic outcomes, however, diet quality was observed to significantly modify the association of PM2.5 with total cholesterol, and the associations of NO and O3 with ghrelin. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially particulate matter, at levels below World Health Organization, 2021 air quality guidelines, were associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Diet may be a personal-level approach for individuals to modify the impact of exposure to air pollution on cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Healy
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anna Kårlund
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soile Puhakka
- Department of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland; Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., P. O. Box 365, 90100, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Aljahdali AA, Cantoral A, Peterson KE, Perng W, Mercado-García A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Ramírez-Silva CI, Jansen EC. Breastfeeding Duration and Cardiometabolic Health during Adolescence: A Longitudinal Analysis. J Pediatr 2024; 265:113768. [PMID: 37802388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the longitudinal association between breastfeeding duration and cardiometabolic health, using repeated measures study design among children and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This study included 634 offsprings aged 10 to 21 years (52% female) from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants birth cohort followed up to four time points during adolescence. Breastfeeding duration was prospectively quantified using questionnaires during early childhood. Cardiometabolic risk factors, body composition, and weight-related biomarkers were assessed as outcomes during adolescent follow-up visits. Sex-stratified linear mixed-effects models were used to model the association between quartiles of breastfeeding duration and outcomes, adjusting for age and additional covariates. RESULTS Median breastfeeding duration was 7 months (minimum = 0, maximum = 36). Boys in the second quartile (median breastfeeding = 5 months) had lower total fat mass % (β (SE) -3.2 (1.5) P = .037), and higher lean mass % (3.1 (1.6) P = .049) and skeletal muscle mass % (1.8 (0.8) P = .031) compared with the reference group (median breastfeeding = 2 months). A positive linear trend between breastfeeding duration and trunk lean mass % (0.1 (0.04) P = .035) was found among girls. No association was found with other cardiometabolic indicators. CONCLUSION Despite sex-specific associations of breastfeeding duration with body composition, there was a lack of substantial evidence for the protective effects of breastfeeding against impaired cardiometabolic health during adolescence among Mexican youth. Further longitudinal studies with a robust assessment of breastfeeding are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Adriana Mercado-García
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Erica C Jansen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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16
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Aljahdali A, Al-Maiman R, Al-Orf S, Bawazeer N. Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Cardiometabolic and InflammatoryBiomarkers among Saudi Adults with Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e080124225329. [PMID: 38192134 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998274064231114075657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. As dietary concerns are central in patients with diabetes, the impact of fasting on health during Ramadan is potentially significant. Decreased meal frequency and changes in food type and amount affect body weight and metabolic profiles. This study aimed to investigate the association between Ramadan fasting and anthropometric measurements and cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in Saudi adults with diabetes. METHODS Sixty-eight Saudi adults with diabetes, admitted at the University Diabetes Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were enrolled in this study. Participants were evaluated at the following time points: Six weeks before Ramadan (pre-fasting) and at least 15 days after the initiation of Ramadan (peri-fasting). Anthropometric measurements and cardiometabolic and inflammatory biomarker levels were assessed during both visits. RESULTS After accounting for confounding factors, Ramadan fasting was found to be associated with reduced body weight (kg), waist circumference (cm), and hip circumference (cm). Increased log high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and decreased log interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein levels were observed. CONCLUSIONS Ramadan fasting was associated with increased HDL-C levels and decreased anthropometric measurements and inflammatory cytokine levels. These results support the beneficial role of Ramadan fasting in reducing cardiometabolic abnormalities and inflammation in adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Reham Al-Maiman
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saada Al-Orf
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Bawazeer
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mueller K, Messner A, Nairz J, Winder B, Staudt A, Stock K, Gande N, Hochmayr C, Bernar B, Pechlaner R, Griesmacher A, Egger AE, Geiger R, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Knoflach M, Kiechl SJ. Determinants of Diet Quality in Adolescents: Results from the Prospective Population-Based EVA-Tyrol and EVA4YOU Cohorts. Nutrients 2023; 15:5140. [PMID: 38140399 PMCID: PMC10746085 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Unhealthy dietary behaviors are estimated to be one of the leading causes of death globally and are often shaped at a young age. Here, we investigated adolescent diet quality and its predictors, including nutrition knowledge, in two large Central European cohorts. (2) Methods: In 3056 participants of the EVA-Tyrol and EVA4YOU prospective population-based cohort studies aged 14 to 19 years, diet quality was assessed using the AHEI-2010 and DASH scores, and nutrition knowledge was assessed using the questionnaire from Turconi et al. Associations were examined utilizing multivariable linear regression. (3) Results: The mean overall AHEI-2010 score was 42%, and the DASH score was 45%. Female participants (60.6%) had a significantly higher diet quality according to the AHEI-2010 and DASH score. AHEI-2010 and DASH scores were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with sex, school type, smoking, and total daily energy intake. The DASH score was additionally significantly associated (p < 0.001) with age, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Participants with better nutrition knowledge were more likely to be older, to attend a general high school, to live in a high-income household, to be non-smokers, and to have a higher diet quality according to the AHEI-2010 and DASH score. (4) Conclusions: Predictors of better diet quality included female sex, physical activity, educational level, and nutrition knowledge. These results may aid focused interventions to improve diet quality in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Mueller
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Adamgasse 23, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Alex Messner
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Johannes Nairz
- Department of Paediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Bernhard Winder
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Feldkirch Hospital, Carinagasse 41, 6800 Feldkirch, Austria;
| | - Anna Staudt
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Katharina Stock
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Nina Gande
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Christoph Hochmayr
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Benoît Bernar
- Department of Paediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Andrea Griesmacher
- The Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (ZIMCL), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Alexander E. Egger
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Ralf Geiger
- Department of Paediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Department of Paediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (A.M.); (A.S.); (K.S.); (N.G.); (C.H.); (U.K.-K.)
| | - Michael Knoflach
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Adamgasse 23, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Sophia J. Kiechl
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Adamgasse 23, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Department of Neurology Hochzirl Hospital, Hochzirl 1, 6170 Zirl, Austria
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18
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Salas-González MD, Loria-Kohen V, Jiménez-Ortega AI, López-Sobaler AM. [Nutritional factors related to insulin resistance in children and adolescents]. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:51-54. [PMID: 37929895 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Insulin resistance is described as a defect in the binding of insulin to its receptor and is associated with several diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance has been linked to vitamin and mineral deficiencies, especially those involved in oxidative stress. The Mediterranean diet, a diet based on the Healthy Eating Index or the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet are dietary patterns that have been associated with a lower risk of developing insulin resistance in children. Therefore, a diet rich in antioxidant vitamins and minerals, fiber, calcium, and polyunsaturated fatty acids and low in free sugars, sodium and saturated fatty acids may decrease the risk of insulin resistance in this age group. In addition, other nutritional factors, such as avoiding fast food, eating dinner with the family, not eating while watching TV or eating a sufficient and healthy breakfast on a regular basis seem to be associated with a lower risk of insulin resistance. Therefore, it is important to establish balanced daily eating habits to prevent and treat insulin resistance in schoolchildren and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Salas-González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030)
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030)
| | | | - Ana M López-Sobaler
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación VALORNUT-UCM (920030). IdISSC
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Aljahdali AA, Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Kim HM, Ruiz-Narváez EA, Baylin A, Cantoral A, Torres-Olascoaga LA, Téllez-Rojo MM, Peterson KE. DNA Methylation Is a Potential Biomarker for Cardiometabolic Health in Mexican Children and Adolescents. EPIGENOMES 2023; 7:4. [PMID: 36810558 PMCID: PMC9944859 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes7010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) is a plausible mechanism underlying cardiometabolic abnormalities, but evidence is limited among youth. This analysis included 410 offspring of the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort followed up to two time points in late childhood/adolescence. At Time 1, DNAm was quantified in blood leukocytes at long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1), H19, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD-2), and at Time 2 in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α). At each time point, cardiometabolic risk factors were assessed including lipid profiles, glucose, blood pressure, and anthropometry. Linear mixed effects models were used for LINE-1, H19, and 11β-HSD-2 to account for the repeated-measure outcomes. Linear regression models were conducted for the cross-sectional association between PPAR-α with the outcomes. DNAm at LINE-1 was associated with log glucose at site 1 [β = -0.029, p = 0.0006] and with log high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at site 3 [β = 0.063, p = 0.0072]. 11β-HSD-2 DNAm at site 4 was associated with log glucose (β = -0.018, p = 0.0018). DNAm at LINE-1 and 11β-HSD-2 was associated with few cardiometabolic risk factors among youth in a locus-specific manner. These findings underscore the potential for epigenetic biomarkers to increase our understanding of cardiometabolic risk earlier in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A. Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hyungjin M. Kim
- Center for Computing, Analytics and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Department of Health, Iberoamericana University, Mexico City 01219, Mexico
| | - Libni A. Torres-Olascoaga
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Martha M. Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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20
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Islam MR, Rahman SM, Selling K, Näsänen-Gilmore P, Kippler M, Kajantie E, Rahman A, Pervin J, Ekström EC. Dietary patterns and indicators of cardiometabolic risk among rural adolescents: A cross-sectional study at 15-year follow-up of the MINIMat cohort. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1058965. [PMID: 36761218 PMCID: PMC9905110 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1058965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diet being a modifiable factor, its relationship with cardiometabolic risk is of public health interest. The vast majority of studies on associations of dietary patterns with cardiometabolic risk indicators among adolescents are from high-income countries and urban settings. We sought to describe dietary patterns and examine their associations with selected cardiometabolic risk indicators-waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure, fasting lipid profile and insulin resistance-along with its gender stratification among adolescents in a low-income, rural setting. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 15-year follow-up of the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab (MINIMat) cohort in southeast Bangladesh. The children who were born as singletons to the mothers randomized in the MINIMat trial and had valid birth anthropometrics were eligible for the follow-up. We employed a single, qualitative 24-hour recall to assess diet. Dietary patterns were derived from simple K-means cluster analysis, and calculation of dietary diversity score (DDS) using a validated instrument. Anthropometric parameters and systolic blood pressure were recorded. Fasting plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoproteins, insulin and glucose levels were measured. We calculated insulin resistance using the Homeostasis Model Assessment equation (HOMA-IR). Three right-skewed outcome variables were natural log (Ln) transformed: WC, triglyceride and HOMA-IR. Omnibus and gender-specific multiple linear regression models were fitted. Results Among 2,253 adolescents (52.1% girls, 7.1% overweight/obese), we identified four diet clusters: Traditional, Fish-dominant, Meat-dominant, and High-variety. No significant associations were found between the clusters and indicators. On gender-stratification, triglyceride levels were lower among boys in the Fish-dominant (Ln-triglyceride βadjusted: -0.09; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.15, -0.02) and Meat-dominant (Ln-triglyceride βadjusted: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.15, -0.004) clusters than among boys in the Traditional cluster. Compared to boys in the bottom quartile of DDS, boys in the top quartile had 2.1 mm of Hg (95% CI: 0.5, 3.6) higher systolic blood pressure and 1.9% (95% CI: 0.01-3.8%) higher WC. Conclusion While statistically significant, the gender-specific differences in triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference across dietary patterns were small. Associations between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk indicators may require a time lag beyond mid-adolescence to manifest in a rural setting. Prospective studies are warranted to delineate the magnitude and direction of those associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Moshfiqur Rahman
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Katarina Selling
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pieta Näsänen-Gilmore
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jesmin Pervin
- Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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21
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Svoboda LK, Wang K, Goodrich JM, Jones TR, Colacino JA, Peterson KE, Tellez-Rojo MM, Sartor MA, Dolinoy DC. Perinatal Lead Exposure Promotes Sex-Specific Epigenetic Programming of Disease-Relevant Pathways in Mouse Heart. TOXICS 2023; 11:85. [PMID: 36668811 PMCID: PMC9860846 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contaminants such as the metal lead (Pb) are associated with cardiovascular disease, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In particular, little is known about how exposure to Pb during early development impacts the cardiac epigenome at any point across the life course and potential differences between sexes. In a mouse model of human-relevant perinatal exposures, we utilized RNA-seq and Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (ERRBS) to investigate the effects of Pb exposure during gestation and lactation on gene expression and DNA methylation, respectively, in the hearts of male and female mice at weaning. For ERRBS, we identified differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) or differentially methylated 1000 bp regions (DMRs) based on a minimum absolute change in methylation of 10% and an FDR < 0.05. For gene expression data, an FDR < 0.05 was considered significant. No individual genes met the FDR cutoff for gene expression; however, we found that Pb exposure leads to significant changes in the expression of gene pathways relevant to cardiovascular development and disease. We further found that Pb promotes sex-specific changes in DNA methylation at hundreds of gene loci (280 DMCs and 99 DMRs in males, 189 DMCs and 121 DMRs in females), and pathway analysis revealed that these CpGs and regions collectively function in embryonic development. In males, differential methylation also occurred at genes related to immune function and metabolism. We then investigated whether genes exhibiting differential methylation at weaning were also differentially methylated in hearts from a cohort of Pb-exposed mice at adulthood. We found that a single gene, Galnt2, showed differential methylation in both sexes and time points. In a human cohort investigating the influence of prenatal Pb exposure on the epigenome, we also observed an inverse association between first trimester Pb concentrations and adolescent blood leukocyte DNA methylation at a locus in GALNT2, suggesting that this gene may represent a biomarker of Pb exposure across species. Together, these data, across two time points in mice and in a human birth cohort study, collectively demonstrate that Pb exposure promotes sex-specific programming of the cardiac epigenome, and provide potential mechanistic insight into how Pb causes cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie K. Svoboda
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M. Goodrich
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tamara R. Jones
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin A. Colacino
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Martha M. Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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22
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Aljahdali AA, Baylin A, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Kim HM, Cantoral A, Tellez-Rojo MM, Banker M, Peterson KE. Sedentary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican children and adolescents: analysis of longitudinal data. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:143. [PMID: 36456985 PMCID: PMC9714228 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01375-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is a modifiable risk factor for cardiometabolic health; however, the assessment of total sedentary time may not capture youth's highly active and interrupted activity patterns. This study examined the associations between sedentary activity patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among Mexican youth, who have a disproportionate burden of metabolic diseases, using a repeated measure design out of a longitudinal data. METHODS 570 subjects in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort, who were followed up to three-time points during adolescence, were included. Bout duration, and frequency and percentages of waking time spent in specific intensities of activity, were quantified using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT wrist accelerometers. Self-reported questionnaires were used to query the usual duration of different sedentary behaviors. Outcomes were fasting lipid profile, markers for glucose homeostasis, anthropometry, and blood pressure. Associations were modeled using linear mixed-effects models, and isotemporal substitution approach was additionally used to assess the effect of replacing objectively assessed sedentary activity with other activity intensities, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Each hour of self-reported screen-based time was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) [β = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.10, 0.51], and an hour of other sedentary time was associated with log serum glucose (mg/dL) [β = 0.01, 95% CI = 0.004, 0.017]. Substitution models showed that replacing 5% of sedentary time with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with lower waist circumference (cm) [β = - 1.35, 95% CI = - 1.91, - 0.79] and log serum triglycerides (mg/dL) [β = - 0.11, 95% CI = - 0.18, - 0.03]. Substituting one uninterrupted sedentary bout with light activity was associated with lower insulin (μIU/mL) [β = - 0.06, 95% CI = - 0.10, - 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS Sedentary time was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican youth in a context-specific manner. Replacing sedentary time with higher intensities was associated with improvements in some cardiometabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A. Aljahdali
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Edward A. Ruiz-Narvaez
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Hyungjin Myra Kim
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Center for Computing, Analytics and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- grid.501731.10000 0004 0484 7567Department of Health, Iberoamerican University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha M. Tellez-Rojo
- grid.415771.10000 0004 1773 4764Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Margaret Banker
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Karen E. Peterson
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
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