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Sekar P, Ravitchandirane R, Khanam S, Muniraj N, Cassinadane AV. Novel molecules as the emerging trends in cancer treatment: an update. Med Oncol 2022; 39:20. [PMID: 34982273 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As per World Health Organization cancer remains as a leading killer disease causing nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Since the burden of cancer increases worldwide, warranting an urgent search for anti-cancer compounds from natural sources. Secondary metabolites from plants, marine organisms exhibit a novel chemical and structural diversity holding a great promise as therapeutics in cancer treatment. These natural metabolites target only the cancer cells and the normal healthy cells are left unharmed. In the emerging trends of cancer treatment, the natural bioactive compounds have long become a part of cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we have tried to compile about eight bioactive compounds from plant origin viz. combretastatin, ginsenoside, lycopene, quercetin, resveratrol, silymarin, sulforaphane and withaferin A, four marine-derived compounds viz. bryostatins, dolastatins, eribulin, plitidepsin and three microorganisms viz. Clostridium, Mycobacterium bovis and Streptococcus pyogenes with their well-established anticancer potential, mechanism of action and clinical establishments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sekar
- Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pondicherry, 605102, India
| | | | - Sofia Khanam
- Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Sciences, Howrah, WB, 711316, India
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- Centre for Cancer Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Children's National Research Institute, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, D.C, 20010, USA.
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Moran NE, Thomas-Ahner JM, Smith JW, Silva C, Hason NA, Erdman JW, Clinton SK. β-Carotene Oxygenase 2 Genotype Modulates the Impact of Dietary Lycopene on Gene Expression during Early TRAMP Prostate Carcinogenesis. J Nutr 2021; 152:950-960. [PMID: 34964896 PMCID: PMC8971008 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest lycopene and tomato intake are inversely associated with human prostate cancer incidence. In the genetically driven murine prostate carcinogenesis model transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP), prostate cancer is inhibited by feeding of lycopene or tomatoes, and these effects are modulated by the β-carotene oxygenase 2 (Bco2) genotype. OBJECTIVE We sought insight into this interaction through evaluation of prostate gene expression patterns during early TRAMP carcinogenesis. METHODS Three-week-old TRAMP/+ or TRAMP/- × Bco2+/+ or Bco2-/- mice were fed a control, lycopene beadlet, or 10% tomato powder-containing semipurified diet (providing 0, 384 and 462 mg lycopene/kg diet, respectively) for 5 wk. Gene expression patterns were evaluated by prostate cancer- and cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism-focused arrays at age 8 wk. RESULTS The TRAMP genotype profoundly alters gene expression patterns, specifically inducing pathways associated with cell survival [z-score = 2.09, -log(P value) = 29.2, p53 signaling (z-score 1.13, -log(P value) = 13.5], and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling [z-score = 0.302, -log(P value) = 12.1], while repressing phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) signaling [(z-score = -0.905, -log(P value) = 12.3], cholesterol synthesis [z-score = -1.941, -log(P-value) = 26.2], and LXR/RXR pathway activation [z-score = -1.941, -log(P value) = 23.1]. In comparison, lycopene- and tomato-feeding modestly modulate strong procarcinogenic TRAMP signaling. Lycopene decreased gene expression related to carcinogenesis [ Nkx3-1(NK3 homeobox 1)], tomato feeding increased expression of a gene involved in circadian regulation [Arntl (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like)], and tomato and/or lycopene increased expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism [Fasn (fatty acid synthase), Acaca(acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha), Srebf1 (sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1), Hmgcr (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coA reductase), and Ptgs1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1)] (all P < 0.05). The impact of Bco2 genotype was limited to a subset of lycopene-impacted genes [Apc (adenomatous polyposis coli), Mto1 (mitochondrial TRNA translation optimization 1), Nfkb1 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1), andRbm39 (RNA binding motif protein 39)]. CONCLUSIONS The TRAMP genotype strongly impacts procarcinogenic gene expression prior to emergence of histopathologic disease. Dietary tomato and lycopene modestly temper these processes, while Bco2 genotype has a limited impact at this early stage. These observed patterns provide insight into the complex interactions between a dietary variable, here tomatoes and lycopene, genes impacting nutrient metabolism, and their modulating influences on oncogene-driven prostate carcinogenesis. These findings provide further mechanistic support, consistent with cancer outcomes in rodents experiments and human epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joshua W Smith
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ceasar Silva
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Noor A Hason
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Licata A, Zerbo M, Como S, Cammilleri M, Soresi M, Montalto G, Giannitrapani L. The Role of Vitamin Deficiency in Liver Disease: To Supplement or Not Supplement? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114014. [PMID: 34836267 PMCID: PMC8620546 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, growing interest has been shown for the impact of dietary requirements and nutritional factors on chronic diseases. As a result, nutritional programs have been reinforced by public health policies. The precise role of micronutrients in chronic liver disease is currently receiving particular attention since abnormalities in vitamin levels are often detected. At present, treatment programs are focused on correcting vitamin deficiencies, which are frequently correlated to higher rates of comorbidities with poor outcomes. The literature reviewed here indicates that liver diseases are often related to vitamin disorders, due to both liver impairment and abnormal intake. More specific knowledge about the role of vitamins in liver disease is currently emerging from various results and recent evidence. The most significant benefits in this area may be observed when improved vitamin intake is combined with a pharmacological treatment that may also affect the progression of the liver disease, especially in the case of liver tumors. However, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Licata
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-655-2280; Fax: +39-091-655-2156
| | - Maddalena Zerbo
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Silvia Como
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Marcella Cammilleri
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
- Institute for Biochemical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
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Okada F, Izutsu R, Goto K, Osaki M. Inflammation-Related Carcinogenesis: Lessons from Animal Models to Clinical Aspects. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040921. [PMID: 33671768 PMCID: PMC7926701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In multicellular organisms, inflammation is the body’s most primitive and essential protective response against any external agent. Inflammation, however, not only causes various modern diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, metabolic syndrome, infectious diseases, and cancer but also shortens the healthy life expectancy. This review focuses on the onset of carcinogenesis due to chronic inflammation caused by pathogen infections and inhalation/ingestion of foreign substances. This study summarizes animal models associated with inflammation-related carcinogenesis by organ. By determining factors common to inflammatory carcinogenesis models, we examined strategies for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory carcinogenesis in humans. Abstract Inflammation-related carcinogenesis has long been known as one of the carcinogenesis patterns in humans. Common carcinogenic factors are inflammation caused by infection with pathogens or the uptake of foreign substances from the environment into the body. Inflammation-related carcinogenesis as a cause for cancer-related death worldwide accounts for approximately 20%, and the incidence varies widely by continent, country, and even region of the country and can be affected by economic status or development. Many novel approaches are currently available concerning the development of animal models to elucidate inflammation-related carcinogenesis. By learning from the oldest to the latest animal models for each organ, we sought to uncover the essential common causes of inflammation-related carcinogenesis. This review confirmed that a common etiology of organ-specific animal models that mimic human inflammation-related carcinogenesis is prolonged exudation of inflammatory cells. Genotoxicity or epigenetic modifications by inflammatory cells resulted in gene mutations or altered gene expression, respectively. Inflammatory cytokines/growth factors released from inflammatory cells promote cell proliferation and repair tissue injury, and inflammation serves as a “carcinogenic niche”, because these fundamental biological events are common to all types of carcinogenesis, not just inflammation-related carcinogenesis. Since clinical strategies are needed to prevent carcinogenesis, we propose the therapeutic apheresis of inflammatory cells as a means of eliminating fundamental cause of inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Okada
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (R.I.); (K.G.); (M.O.)
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-859-38-6241
| | - Runa Izutsu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (R.I.); (K.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (R.I.); (K.G.); (M.O.)
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan; (R.I.); (K.G.); (M.O.)
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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Mekuria AN, Tura AK, Hagos B, Sisay M, Abdela J, Mishore KM, Motbaynor B. Anti-Cancer Effects of Lycopene in Animal Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1306. [PMID: 32982734 PMCID: PMC7475703 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the third important cause of cancer-related death. As there are only two targeted drugs for the treatment of advanced HCC—that merely extend survival by a few months—the need for alternative treatments is inevitable. Lycopene, a carotenoid that is known to be most abundant in red tomatoes and tomato-based products, has been investigated for its anticancer activity in various types of cancers including HCC. This review was conducted to evaluate the effects of lycopene on HCC from animal models to pave the way for further clinical studies. Methods Electronic databases and search engines including PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for original records addressing the anticancer effect of lycopene in animal models of HCC. Data were extracted using a format prepared in Microsoft Excel and exported to Stata 15.0 for analyses. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model at a 95% confidence level for the outcome measures: tumor incidence, number, and growth (tumor volume and size). The presence of publication bias between studies was evaluated using Egger’s test and funnel plot. The study protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database with reference number: CRD42019159312. Results The initial database search yields 286 articles, of which 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The characteristics of the included studies were a bit diversified. The studies involved a total of 644 animals (312 treatment and 332 control groups) and mice shared the majority (488) followed by rats (117) and ferrets (39). The meta-analysis showed that lycopene significantly reduced the incidence [RR 0.8; 95% CI 0.69, 0.92 (p=0.00); I2 = 30.4%, p=0.16; n=11], number [SMD-1.83; 95% CI -3.10, -0.57 (p=0.01); I2 = 95.9%, p=0.00; n=9], and growth [SMD -2.13; 95% CI -4.20, -0.04 (p=0.04); I2 = 94.6%, p=0.00; n=4] of HCC. Conclusions Administration of lycopene appears to inhibit the initiation and progression of cancer in animal models of HCC. However, more controlled and thorough preclinical studies are needed to further evaluate its anti-HCC effects and associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nigussie Mekuria
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abera Kenay Tura
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bisrat Hagos
- Social Pharmacy Unit, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Sisay
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Abdela
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kirubel Minsamo Mishore
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Motbaynor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Lycopene in protection against obesity and diabetes: A mechanistic review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104966. [PMID: 32535223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene, a natural pigment that mainly exists in the mature fruit of tomatoes, has gained increasing attention due to its protective effects against obesity and diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential mechanisms in which lycopene exerts protection against obesity and diabetes, along with highlighting its bioavailability, synthesis and safety. Literature sources used in this review were from the PubMed Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, National Science and Technology Library, Wanfang Data, and the Web of Science. For the inquiries, keywords such as lycopene, properties, synthesis, diabetes, obesity, and safety were used in various combinations. About 200 articles and reviews were evaluated. Lycopene exhibits anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities in different organs and/or tissues, including adipose tissue, liver, kidney, pancreas, brain, ovaries, intestine, and eyes. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and through its ability to regulate of AGE/RAGE, JNK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, SIRT1/FoxO1/PPARγ signaling pathways and AchE activity. The epidemiological investigations support that lycopene consumption may contribute to lowering the risk of obesity and diabetes. The cis-isomers of lycopene are more bioavailable and better absorbed than trans-lycopene, and mainly distribute in liver and adipose tissue. Lycopene exhibits a good margin of safety and can be obtained by plant extraction, chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation. In summary, lycopene consumption beneficially contributes to protecting against diabetes and obesity in animal studies and epidemiological investigations, which supports the potential of this compound as a preventive/therapeutic agent against these disorders. Well-designed, prospective clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of lycopene against common metabolic diseases.
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Ahmad R, Khan MA, Srivastava A, Gupta A, Srivastava A, Jafri TR, Siddiqui Z, Chaubey S, Khan T, Srivastava AK. Anticancer Potential of Dietary Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:122-236. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191015103712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of natural drug-like compounds with minimal side effects. Phytochemicals
better known as “Natural Products” are found abundantly in a number of plants. Since time immemorial, spices
have been widely used in Indian cuisine as flavoring and coloring agents. Most of these spices and condiments
are derived from various biodiversity hotspots in India (which contribute 75% of global spice production) and
form the crux of India’s multidiverse and multicultural cuisine. Apart from their aroma, flavor and taste, these
spices and condiments are known to possess several medicinal properties also. Most of these spices are mentioned
in the Ayurveda, the indigenous system of medicine. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative,
antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties of several of these natural products are well documented in
Ayurveda. These phytoconstituemts are known to act as functional immunoboosters, immunomodulators as well
as anti-inflammatory agents. As anticancer agents, their mechanistic action involves cancer cell death via induction
of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. The present review provides a comprehensive and collective update
on the potential of 66 commonly used spices as well as their bioactive constituents as anticancer agents. The
review also provides an in-depth update of all major in vitro, in vivo, clinical and pharmacological studies done
on these spices with special emphasis on the potential of these spices and their bioactive constituents as potential
functional foods for prevention, treatment and management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Mohsin A. Khan
- Chancellor, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Hardoi Road, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - A.N. Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Aditi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tanvir R. Jafri
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Zainab Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Sunaina Chaubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
| | - Tahmeena Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Dasauli, P.O. Bas-ha, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, UP, India
| | - Arvind K. Srivastava
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow-226003, UP, India
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Mechanistic understanding of β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene in cancer prevention in animal models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158652. [PMID: 32035228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the potential function of carotenoids in the chemoprevention of cancers, mechanistic understanding of carotenoid action on genetic and epigenetic signaling pathways is critically needed for human studies. The use of appropriate animal models is the most justifiable approach to resolve mechanistic issues regarding protective effects of carotenoids at specific organs and tissue sites. While the initial impetus for studying the benefits of carotenoids in cancer prevention was their antioxidant capacity and pro-vitamin A activity, significant advances have been made in the understanding of the action of carotenoids with regards to other mechanisms. This review will focus on two common carotenoids, provitamin A carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin and non-provitamin A carotenoid lycopene, as promising chemopreventive agents or chemotherapeutic compounds against cancer development and progression. We reviewed animal studies demonstrating that β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene effectively prevent the development or progression of various cancers and the potential mechanisms involved. We highlight recent research that the biological functions of β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene are mediated, partially via their oxidative metabolites, through their effects on key molecular targeting events, such as NF-κB signaling pathway, RAR/PPARs signaling, SIRT1 signaling pathway, and p53 tumor suppressor pathways. The molecular targets by β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene, offer new opportunities to further our understanding of common and distinct mechanisms that involve carotenoids in cancer prevention. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Nasr MA, Salah RA, Abd Elkodous M, Elshenawy SE, El-Badri N. Dysregulated MicroRNA Fingerprints and Methylation Patterns in Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Cancer Stem Cells, and Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:229. [PMID: 31681762 PMCID: PMC6811506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the top causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Although HCC has been researched extensively, there is still a need for novel and effective therapeutic interventions. There is substantial evidence that initiation of carcinogenesis in liver cirrhosis, a leading cause of HCC, is mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs were also shown to be responsible for relapse and chemoresistance in several cancers, including HCC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute important epigenetic markers that regulate carcinogenesis by acting post-transcriptionally on mRNAs, contributing to the progression of HCC. We have previously shown that co-culture of cancer cells with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could induce the reprogramming of MSCs into CSC-like cells. In this review, we evaluate the available data concerning the epigenetic regulation of miRNAs through methylation and the possible role of this regulation in stem cell and somatic reprogramming in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Nasr
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Radwa Ayman Salah
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - M Abd Elkodous
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Shimaa E Elshenawy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Egypt
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Elvira-Torales LI, García-Alonso J, Periago-Castón MJ. Nutritional Importance of Carotenoids and Their Effect on Liver Health: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070229. [PMID: 31330977 PMCID: PMC6681007 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of carotenoids has beneficial effects on health, reducing the risk of certain forms of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and macular degeneration, among others. The mechanism of action of carotenoids has not been clearly identified; however, it has been associated with the antioxidant capacity of carotenoids, which acts against reactive oxygen species and inactivating free radicals, although it has also been shown that carotenoids modulate gene expression. Dietary carotenoids are absorbed and accumulated in the liver and other organs, where they exert their beneficial effects. In recent years, it has been described that the intake of carotenoids can significantly reduce the risk of suffering from liver diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This disease is characterized by an imbalance in lipid metabolism producing the accumulation of fat in the hepatocyte, leading to lipoperoxidation, followed by oxidative stress and inflammation. In the first phases, the main treatment of NAFLD is to change the lifestyle, including dietary habits. In this sense, carotenoids have been shown to have a hepatoprotective effect due to their ability to reduce oxidative stress and regulate the lipid metabolism of hepatocytes by modulating certain genes. The objective of this review was to provide a description of the effects of dietary carotenoids from fruits and vegetables on liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Inés Elvira-Torales
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Food Engineering, Tierra Blanca Superior Technological Institute, Tierra Blanca 95180, Mexico.
| | - Javier García-Alonso
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Periago-Castón
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University Clinical Hospital "Virgen de la Arrixaca", University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain.
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11
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Tomato lycopene prevention of alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2018; 4:211-224. [PMID: 30603740 PMCID: PMC6308920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the United States, and chronic, excessive alcohol consumption is responsible for 32%–45% of all the liver cancer cases in the United States. Avoidance of chronic or excessive alcohol intake is the best protection against alcohol-related liver injury; however, the social presence and addictive power of alcohol are strong. Induction of the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) enzyme by chronic and excessive alcohol intake is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of ALD. High intake of tomatoes, rich in the carotenoid lycopene, is associated with a decreased risk of chronic disease. The review will overview the prevention of ALD and HCC through dietary tomato rich in lycopene as an effective intervention strategy and the crucial role of CYP2E1 induction as a molecular target. The review also indicates a need for caution among individuals consuming both alcohol and high dose lycopene as a dietary supplement.
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12
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Cui H, Han F, Zhang L, Wang L, Kumar M. Gamma linolenic acid regulates PHD2 mediated hypoxia and mitochondrial apoptosis in DEN induced hepatocellular carcinoma. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:4241-4252. [PMID: 30587920 PMCID: PMC6296206 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s178519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the known major health problems across the globe, and is sixth ranked among all cancer, due to its high mortality rate. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role in the formation of a cell membrane, along with the fluidity of the membrane and proteins. Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) is member of the ω-6 family of PUFAs and converts into the arachidonic acid via a series of elongation and desaturation reactions. The aim of the current investigation was to scrutinize the effect of GLA on mitochondrial mediated apoptosis and anti-inflammatory pathway against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced HCC. Materials and methods Chemical carcinogenesis in Wistar rats was introduced by an intra-peritoneal dose of DEN (200 mg/kg). The rats received the various doses of GLA for 22 weeks. The progressions of serum biomarkers and histopathology components of hepatic tissue were used to access the prophylactic effects. The antioxidant parameters, cancer preventive agent status, and apoptosis mechanism were reviewed to scrutinize the possible mechanism. Results Dose-dependent treatment of GLA significantly (P<−0.001) modulated the hepatic nodules, hepatic, body weight, antioxidant, and non-hepatic parameters. Curiously, the Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting showed the GLA altered reduced the hypoxic microenvironment, mitochondrial mediated death apoptosis, and anti-inflammsatory pathways. Conclusion On the basis of the above results, we can conclude that the GLA exhibited a chemo-protective effect against DEN induced HCC that might be due to the altered hypoxic microenvironment, mitochondrial mediated death apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory pathway, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province 450008, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Chandra Shekhar Singh College of Pharmacy, Allahabad, India,
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13
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Xia H, Liu C, Li CC, Fu M, Takahashi S, Hu KQ, Aizawa K, Hiroyuki S, Wu G, Zhao L, Wang XD. Dietary Tomato Powder Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Promoted Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:797-810. [PMID: 30446518 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both incidence and death rate due to liver cancer have increased in the United States. Higher consumption of lycopene-rich tomato and tomato products is associated with a decreased risk of cancers. β-Carotene-15, 15'-oxygenase (BCO1), and β-carotene-9', 10'-oxygenase (BCO2) cleave lycopene to produce bioactive apo-lycopenoids. Although BCO1/BCO2 polymorphisms affect human and animal lycopene levels, whether dietary tomato consumption can inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)-promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and affect gut microbiota in the absence of BCO1/BCO2 is unclear. BCO1/BCO2 double knockout mice were initiated with a hepatic carcinogen (diethylnitrosamine) at 2 weeks of age. At 6 weeks of age, the mice were randomly assigned to an HFD (60% of energy as fat) with or without tomato powder (TP) feeding for 24 weeks. Results showed that TP feeding significantly decreased HCC development (67%, 83%, and 95% reduction in incidence, multiplicity, and tumor volume, respectively, P < 0.05). Protective effects of TP feeding were associated with (1) decreased hepatic inflammatory foci development and mRNA expression of proinflammatory biomarkers (IL1β, IL6, IL12α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and inducible NO synthase); (2) increased mRNA expression of deacetylase sirtuin 1 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase involving NAD+ production; and (3) increased hepatic circadian clock genes (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, period 2, and cryptochrome-2, Wee1). Furthermore, TP feeding increased gut microbial richness and diversity, and significantly decreased the relative abundance of the genus Clostridium and Mucispirillum, respectively. The present study demonstrates that dietary tomato feeding independent of carotenoid cleavage enzymes prevents HFD-induced inflammation with potential modulating gut microbiota and inhibits HFD-promoted HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cheng-Chung Li
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maobin Fu
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shingo Takahashi
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.,Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Suganuma Hiroyuki
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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14
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Li CC, Liu C, Fu M, Hu KQ, Aizawa K, Takahashi S, Hiroyuki S, Cheng J, von Lintig J, Wang XD. Tomato Powder Inhibits Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation Potentially Through Restoring SIRT1 Activity and Adiponectin Function Independent of Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700738. [PMID: 29266812 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Beta-carotene-15,15'-oxygenase (BCO1) and beta-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2) metabolize lycopene to biologically active metabolites, which can ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigate the effects of tomato powder (TP containing substantial lycopene (2.3 mg/g)) on NAFLD development and gut microbiome in the absence of both BCO1 and BCO2 in mice. METHOD AND RESULTS BCO1-/- /BCO2-/- double knockout mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) alone (n = 9) or with TP feeding (n = 9) for 24 weeks. TP feeding significantly reduced pathological severity of steatosis and hepatic triglyceride levels in BCO1-/- /BCO2-/- mice (p < 0.04 vs HFD alone). This was associated with increased SIRT1 activity, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase expression and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and subsequently decreased lipogenesis, hepatic fatty acid uptake, and increasing fatty acid β-oxidation (p < 0.05). TP feeding significantly decreased mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes (tnf-α, il-1β, and il-6) in both liver and mesenteric adipose tissue, which were associated with increased plasma adiponectin and hepatic adiponectin receptor-2. Multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using DNA extracted from cecum fecal samples. TP feeding increased microbial richness and decreased relative abundance of the genus Clostridium. CONCLUSION Dietary TP can inhibit NAFLD independent of carotenoid cleavage enzymes, potentially through increasing SIRT1 activity and adiponectin production and decreasing Clostridium abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chung Li
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maobin Fu
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shingo Takahashi
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Suganuma Hiroyuki
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Research and Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Junrui Cheng
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits cancer cell migration and angiogenesis and induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:26-34. [PMID: 29454996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We have previously shown that apo-10'-lycopenoic acid (ALA), a derivative of lycopene through cleavage by carotene-9',10'-oxygenase, inhibits tumor progression and metastasis in both liver and lung cancer animal models. The underlying mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) which is involved in controlling angiogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. METHODS AND RESULTS ALA treatment, in dose-dependent manner, was effective at inhibiting migration and invasion of liver and lung cancer cells (HuH7 and A549) in both Transwell and wound-healing models, as well as suppressing actin remodeling and ruffling/lamellipodia formation in HuH7 and immortalized lung BEAS-2B cells. ALA treatment resulted in suppression of angiogenesis in both tube formation and aortic ring assays and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and activation in both HuH7 and A549 cells. Additionally, ALA dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression and protein levels of PPARγ in human THLE-2 liver cells. CONCLUSION ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis and induces PPARγ expression, which could be one of the potential mechanisms for ALA protecting against tumor progression.
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16
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Tabrizi R, Moosazadeh M, Lankarani KB, Akbari M, Heydari ST, Kolahdooz F, Samimi M, Asemi Z. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles and liver function in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S975-S982. [PMID: 28751149 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to summarize the evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and five other databases to identify all RCTs investigating the association between vitamin D and NAFLD up until 5 October 2016. Seven RCTs with 452 participants (227 patients and 225 controls) were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS The results showed that vitamin D administration had no beneficial effect on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (standardized mean difference [SMD]-0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.88, 0.42), insulin (SMD -1.09; 95% CI, -2.70,0.52) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD -1.89; 95% CI, -3.88,0.09). Vitamin D supplementation also had no effect on lipid profiles including triglycerides (SMD -0.36; 95% CI, -1.77, 1.04), and total-cholesterol (SMD -0.46; 95% CI: -1.3, 0.39), as well as on aspartate transaminase (AST) (SMD -0.53; 95% CI, -1.11, 0.05), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (SMD -0.66; 95% CI, -1.43,0.11), and body mass index (BMI) (SMD -0.25; 95% CI, -0.76,0.27). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D supplementation had no effect on FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, total-, LDL-cholesterol, AST, ALT, and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tabrizi
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Kamran B Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Taghi Heydari
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fariba Kolahdooz
- Indigenous and Global Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mansooreh Samimi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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17
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Fenni S, Hammou H, Astier J, Bonnet L, Karkeni E, Couturier C, Tourniaire F, Landrier JF. Lycopene and tomato powder supplementation similarly inhibit high-fat diet induced obesity, inflammatory response, and associated metabolic disorders. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28267248 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Several studies have linked the high intake of lycopene or tomatoes products with lower risk for metabolic diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and to compare the effect of lycopene and tomato powder on obesity-associated disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/J6 mice were assigned into four groups to receive: control diet (CD), high fat diet (HFD), high fat diet supplemented with lycopene or with tomato powder (TP) for 12 weeks. In HFD condition, lycopene and TP supplementation significantly reduced adiposity index, organ, and relative organ weights, serum triglycerides, free fatty acids, 8-iso-prostaglandin GF2α and improved glucose homeostasis, but did not affect total body weight. Lycopene and TP supplementation prevented HFD-induced hepatosteatosis and hypertrophy of adipocytes. Lycopene and TP decreased HFD-induced proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in the liver and in the epididymal adipose tissue. The anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene and TP was related to a reduction in the phosphorylation levels of IκB, and p65, and resulted in a decrease of inflammatory proteins in adipose tissue. CONCLUSION These results suggest that lycopene or TP supplementation display similar beneficial health effects that could be particularly relevant in the context of nutritional approaches to fight obesity-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Fenni
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France.,LPNSA, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, Oran, Algérie
| | - Habib Hammou
- LPNSA, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, Oran, Algérie
| | - Julien Astier
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Lauriane Bonnet
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Esma Karkeni
- NORT, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, INSERM, Marseille, France
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18
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Aizawa K, Liu C, Tang S, Veeramachaneni S, Hu KQ, Smith DE, Wang XD. Tobacco carcinogen induces both lung cancer and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinomas in ferrets which can be attenuated by lycopene supplementation. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1171-81. [PMID: 27116542 PMCID: PMC5085066 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Early epidemiologic studies have reported that tobacco smoking, which is causally associated with liver cancer, is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). Lycopene from tomatoes has been shown to be a potential preventive agent against NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we investigated whether the tobacco carcinogen 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) induces lesions in both lungs and livers of ferrets with or without lycopene intervention. Male ferrets (6 groups, n = 8-10) were treated either with NNK (50 mg/kg BW, i.p., once a month for four consecutive months) or saline with or without dietary lycopene supplementation (2.2 and 6.6 mg/kg BW/day, respectively) for 26 weeks. Results demonstrate that NNK exposure results in higher incidences of lung tumors, HCC and steatohepatitis (which is characterized by severe inflammatory cell infiltration with concurrent fat accumulation in liver, hepatocellular ballooning degeneration and increased NF-κB expression), as well as elevations in bilirubin and AST levels in ferrets. Lycopene supplementation at two doses prevented NNK-induced expressions of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the lung and NF-κB and CYP2E1 in the liver and attenuated the NNK-induced mortality and pathological lesions in both the lungs and livers of ferrets. The present study provided strong experimental evidence that the tobacco carcinogen NNK can induce both HCC and steatohepatitis in the ferrets and can be a useful model for studying tobacco carcinogen-associated NAFLD and liver cancer. Furthermore, lycopene could provide potential benefits against smoke carcinogen-induced pulmonary and hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Aizawa
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Research & Development Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudipta Veeramachaneni
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald E. Smith
- Comparative Biology Unit, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Razavi Zade M, Telkabadi MH, Bahmani F, Salehi B, Farshbaf S, Asemi Z. The effects of DASH diet on weight loss and metabolic status in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized clinical trial. Liver Int 2016; 36:563-71. [PMID: 26503843 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This study was designed to determine the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on weight loss and metabolic status in overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS This randomized controlled clinical trial was done among 60 overweight and obese patients with NAFLD. Patients were randomly allocated to consume either the control (n = 30) or the DASH eating pattern (n = 30) for 8 weeks. Both diets were designed to be calorie-restricted. Both diets were consisted of 52-55% carbohydrates, 16-18% proteins and 30% total fats; however, the DASH diet was designed to be rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fats, cholesterol and refined grains. RESULTS Adherence to the DASH eating pattern, compared to the control diet, weight (P = 0.006), BMI (P = 0.01), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P = 0.02), alkalin phosphatase (ALP) (P = 0.001), insulin levels (P = 0.01), homoeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P = 0.01) significantly decreased and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (P = 0.004) significantly increased. Compared with the control diet, the DASH diet has resulted in significant reductions in serum triglycerides (P = 0.04) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (P = 0.01). Finally, decreased concentrations of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = 0.03), malondialdehyde (MDA) (P = 0.04), increased levels of nitric oxide (NO) (P = 0.01) and glutathione (GSH) (P = 0.009) were found in the DASH group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of DASH diet for 8 weeks among patients with NAFLD had beneficial effects on weight, BMI, ALT, ALP, triglycerides, markers of insulin metabolism, inflammatory markers, GSH and MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Razavi Zade
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Behnaz Salehi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shima Farshbaf
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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20
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Moran NE, Novotny JA, Cichon MJ, Riedl KM, Rogers RB, Grainger EM, Schwartz SJ, Erdman JW, Clinton SK. Absorption and Distribution Kinetics of the 13C-Labeled Tomato Carotenoid Phytoene in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2016; 146:368-76. [PMID: 26674763 PMCID: PMC4725433 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.220525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoene is a tomato carotenoid that may contribute to the apparent health benefits of tomato consumption. Although phytoene is a less prominent tomato carotenoid than lycopene, it is a major carotenoid in various human tissues. Phytoene distribution to plasma lipoproteins and tissues differs from lycopene, suggesting the kinetics of phytoene and lycopene differ. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize the kinetic parameters of phytoene absorption, distribution, and excretion in adults, to better understand why biodistribution of phytoene differs from lycopene. METHODS Four adults (2 males, 2 females) maintained a controlled phytoene diet (1-5 mg/d) for 42 d. On day 14, each consumed 3.2 mg (13)C-phytoene, produced using tomato cell suspension culture technology. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1-15, 17, 21, and 24 h and 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, and 28 d after (13)C-phytoene consumption. Plasma-unlabeled and plasma-labeled phytoene concentrations were determined using ultra-HPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry, and data were fit to a 7-compartment carotenoid kinetic model using WinSAAM 3.0.7 software. RESULTS Subjects were compliant with a controlled phytoene diet, consuming a mean ± SE of 2.5 ± 0.6 mg/d, resulting in a plasma unlabeled phytoene concentration of 71 ± 14 nmol/L. A maximal plasma (13)C-phytoene concentration of 55.6 ± 5.9 nM was achieved 19.8 ± 9.2 h after consumption, and the plasma half-life was 2.3 ± 0.2 d. Compared with previous results for lycopene, phytoene bioavailability was nearly double at 58% ± 19%, the clearance rate from chylomicrons was slower, and the rates of deposition into and utilization by the slow turnover tissue compartment were nearly 3 times greater. CONCLUSIONS Although only differing from lycopene by 4 double bonds, phytoene exhibits markedly different kinetic characteristics in human plasma, providing insight into metabolic processes contributing to phytoene enrichment in plasma and tissues compared with lycopene. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01692340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Moran
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Kenneth M Riedl
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center,,Department of Food Science and Technology, and
| | - Randy B Rogers
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | | | - Steven J Schwartz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center,,Department of Food Science and Technology, and
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
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Becker RA, Patlewicz G, Simon TW, Rowlands JC, Budinsky RA. The adverse outcome pathway for rodent liver tumor promotion by sustained activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 73:172-90. [PMID: 26145830 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) represents the existing knowledge of a biological pathway leading from initial molecular interactions of a toxicant and progressing through a series of key events (KEs), culminating with an apical adverse outcome (AO) that has to be of regulatory relevance. An AOP based on the mode of action (MOA) of rodent liver tumor promotion by dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) has been developed and the weight of evidence (WoE) of key event relationships (KERs) evaluated using evolved Bradford Hill considerations. Dioxins and DLCs are potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligands that cause a range of species-specific adverse outcomes. The occurrence of KEs is necessary for inducing downstream biological responses and KEs may occur at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organ levels. The common convention is that an AOP begins with the toxicant interaction with a biological response element; for this AOP, this initial event is binding of a DLC ligand to the AHR. Data from mechanistic studies, lifetime bioassays and approximately thirty initiation-promotion studies have established dioxin and DLCs as rat liver tumor promoters. Such studies clearly show that sustained AHR activation, weeks or months in duration, is necessary to induce rodent liver tumor promotion--hence, sustained AHR activation is deemed the molecular initiating event (MIE). After this MIE, subsequent KEs are 1) changes in cellular growth homeostasis likely associated with expression changes in a number of genes and observed as development of hepatic foci and decreases in apoptosis within foci; 2) extensive liver toxicity observed as the constellation of effects called toxic hepatopathy; 3) cellular proliferation and hyperplasia in several hepatic cell types. This progression of KEs culminates in the AO, the development of hepatocellular adenomas and carcinomas and cholangiolar carcinomas. A rich data set provides both qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the progression of this AOP through KEs and the KERs. Thus, the WoE for this AOP is judged to be strong. Species-specific effects of dioxins and DLCs are well known--humans are less responsive than rodents and rodent species differ in sensitivity between strains. Consequently, application of this AOP to evaluate potential human health risks must take these differences into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Becker
- Regulatory and Technical Affairs Department, American Chemistry Council (ACC), Washington, DC 20002, USA.
| | - Grace Patlewicz
- DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Ted W Simon
- Ted Simon LLC, 4184 Johnston Road, Winston, GA 30187, USA
| | - J Craig Rowlands
- The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology & Environmental Research & Consulting, 1803 Building Washington Street, Midland, MI 48674, USA
| | - Robert A Budinsky
- The Dow Chemical Company, Toxicology & Environmental Research & Consulting, 1803 Building Washington Street, Midland, MI 48674, USA
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22
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Roman S, Ojeda-Granados C, Ramos-Lopez O, Panduro A. Genome-based nutrition: An intervention strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:3449-3461. [PMID: 25834309 PMCID: PMC4375566 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i12.3449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are increasing in westernized countries, regardless of their geographic location. In Latin America, most countries, including Mexico, have a heterogeneous admixture genome with Amerindian, European and African ancestries. However, certain high allelic frequencies of several nutrient-related polymorphisms may have been achieved by past gene-nutrient interactions. Such interactions may have promoted the positive selection of variants adapted to regional food sources. At present, the unbalanced diet composition of the Mexicans has led the country to a 70% prevalence rate of overweightness and obesity due to substantial changes in food habits, among other factors. International guidelines and intervention strategies may not be adequate for all populations worldwide because they do not consider disparities in genetic and environmental factors, and thus there is a need for differential prevention and management strategies. Here, we provide the rationale for an intervention strategy for the prevention and management of obesity-related diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis based on a regionalized genome-based diet. The components required to design such a diet should focus on the specific ancestry of each population around the world and the convenience of consuming traditional ethnic food.
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Zhang GF, Deng WM. Clinical significance of serum CA72-4 in patients with digestive system cancers. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:862-865. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i5.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinical significance of serum carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) in patients with digestive system cancers.
METHODS: Serum CA72-4 levels were determined in 310 patients with digestive system cancers (including 52 with liver cancer, 36 with esophageal cancer, 50 with pancreatic cancer, 35 with bile duct carcinoma, 74 with gastric cancer and 63 with colon cancer) and 50 patients with benign lesions by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.
RESULTS: The positive rate of CA72-4 was 21.15% in the liver cancer group, 27.78% in the esophageal cancer group, 36.00% in the pancreatic cancer group, 37.14% in the bile duct carcinoma group, 51.35% in the gastric cancer group, and 61.90% in the colorectal cancer group. The levels of serum CA72-4 in digestive system cancer patients were significantly higher than those in patients with benign lesions.
CONCLUSION: Serum CA72-4 has a higher positive rate in patients with digestive system cancers, especially in those with gastric cancer and colon cancer, and it has important value to differentiate benign and malignancy digestive tumors.
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24
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Ip BC, Liu C, Lichtenstein AH, von Lintig J, Wang XD. Lycopene and apo-10'-lycopenoic acid have differential mechanisms of protection against hepatic steatosis in β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase knockout male mice. J Nutr 2015; 145:268-76. [PMID: 25644347 PMCID: PMC4304024 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is positively associated with obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid (APO10LA), a potential oxidation product of apo-10'-lycopenal that is generated endogenously by β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2) cleavage of lycopene, inhibited hepatic steatosis in BCO2-expressing mice. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated lycopene and APO10LA effects on hepatic steatosis in mice without BCO2 expression. METHODS Male and female BCO2-knockout (BCO2-KO) mice were fed a high saturated fat diet (HSFD) with or without APO10LA (10 mg/kg diet) or lycopene (100 mg/kg diet) for 12 wk. RESULTS Lycopene or APO10LA supplementation reduced hepatic steatosis incidence (78% and 72%, respectively) and severity in BCO2-KO male mice. Female mice did not develop steatosis, had greater hepatic total cholesterol (3.06 vs. 2.31 mg/g tissue) and cholesteryl ester (1.58 vs. 0.86 mg/g tissue), but had lower plasma triglyceride (TG) (229 vs. 282 mg/dL) and cholesterol (97.1 vs. 119 mg/dL) than male mice. APO10LA-mitigated steatosis in males was associated with reduced hepatic total cholesterol (18%) and activated sirtuin 1 signaling, which resulted in reduced fatty acids (FAs) and TG synthesis markers [stearoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase protein, 71%; acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, 79%; AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, 67%], and elevated cholesterol efflux genes (cytochrome P450 family 7A1, 65%; ATP-binding cassette transporter G5/8, 11%). These APO10LA-mediated effects were not mimicked by lycopene supplementation. Intriguingly, steatosis inhibition by lycopene induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α- and PPARγ-related genes in mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) that increases mitochondrial uncoupling [cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor, α subunit-like effector a, 55%; PR domain-containing 16, 47%; uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3), 55%], FA β-oxidation (PPARα, 53%; very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 38%), and uptake (FA transport protein 4, 29%; lipoprotein lipase 43%). Expressions of 10 MAT PPAR-related genes were inversely correlated with steatosis score, suggesting that lycopene reduced steatosis by increasing MAT FA utilization. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that lycopene and APO10LA inhibit HSFD-induced steatosis in BCO2-KO male mice through differential mechanisms. Sex disparity of BCO2-KO mice was observed in the outcomes of HSFD-induced liver steatosis and plasma lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche C Ip
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory,,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA; and
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean-Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, and,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA; and
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA; and
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25
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Lycopene attenuates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:579-85. [PMID: 25385104 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03925-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is the major dose-limiting factor for the clinical use of colistin against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of lycopene on colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in a mouse model. Fifty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group (saline solution), the lycopene group (20 mg/kg of body weight/day administered orally), the colistin group (15 mg/kg/day administered intravenously), the colistin (15 mg/kg/day) plus lycopene (5 mg/kg/day) group, and the colistin (15 mg/kg/day) plus lycopene (20 mg/kg/day) group; all mice were treated for 7 days. At 12 h after the last dose, blood was collected for measurements of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels. The kidney tissue samples were obtained for examination of biomarkers of oxidative stress and apoptosis, histopathological assessment, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. Colistin treatment significantly increased concentrations of BUN and serum creatinine, tubular apoptosis/necrosis, lipid peroxidation, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) activity, while the treatment decreased the levels of endogenous antioxidant biomarkers glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Notably, the changes in the levels of all biomarkers were attenuated in the kidneys of mice treated with colistin by lycopene (5 or 20 mg/kg). Lycopene treatment, especially in the colistin plus lycopene (20 mg/kg) group, significantly downregulated the expression of NF-κB mRNA (P < 0.01) but upregulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and HO-1 mRNA (both P < 0.01) in the kidney compared with the results seen with the colistin group. Our data demonstrated that coadministration of 20 mg/kg/day lycopene can protect against colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. This effect may be attributed to the antioxidative property of lycopene and its ability to activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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26
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Ip BC, Liu C, Ausman LM, von Lintig J, Wang XD. Lycopene attenuated hepatic tumorigenesis via differential mechanisms depending on carotenoid cleavage enzyme in mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:1219-27. [PMID: 25293877 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased liver cancer risks and mortality. We recently showed that apo-10'-lycopenoic acid, a lycopene metabolite generated by beta-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase (BCO2), inhibited carcinogen-initiated, high-fat diet (HFD)-promoted liver inflammation, and hepatic tumorigenesis development. The present investigation examined the outstanding question of whether lycopene could suppress HFD-promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, and if BCO2 expression is important using BCO2-knockout (BCO2-KO) and wild-type male mice. Results showed that lycopene supplementation (100 mg/kg diet) for 24 weeks resulted in comparable accumulation of hepatic lycopene (19.4 vs. 18.2 nmol/g) and had similar effects on suppressing HFD-promoted HCC incidence (19% vs. 20%) and multiplicity (58% vs. 62%) in wild-type and BCO2-KO mice, respectively. Intriguingly, lycopene chemopreventive effects in wild-type mice were associated with reduced hepatic proinflammatory signaling (phosphorylation of NK-κB p65 and STAT3; IL6 protein) and inflammatory foci. In contrast, the protective effects of lycopene in BCO2-KO but not in wild-type mice were associated with reduced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated unfolded protein response (ER(UPR)), through decreasing ER(UPR)-mediated protein kinase RNA-activated like kinase-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α activation, and inositol requiring 1α-X-box-binding protein 1 signaling. Lycopene supplementation in BCO2-KO mice suppressed oncogenic signals, including Met mRNA, β-catenin protein, and mTOR complex 1 activation, which was associated with increased hepatic microRNA (miR)-199a/b and miR214 levels. These results provided novel experimental evidence that dietary lycopene can prevent HFD-promoted HCC incidence and multiplicity in mice, and may elicit different mechanisms depending on BCO2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche C Ip
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynne M Ausman
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johannes von Lintig
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Lab, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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27
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Vasto S, Buscemi S, Barera A, Di Carlo M, Accardi G, Caruso C. Mediterranean diet and healthy ageing: a Sicilian perspective. Gerontology 2014; 60:508-18. [PMID: 25170545 DOI: 10.1159/000363060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a common dietary pattern characterizing a lifestyle and culture proven to contribute to better health and quality of life in Mediterranean countries. By analyzing the diet of centenarians from the Sicani Mountains and eating habits of inhabitants of Palermo, it is reported that a close adherence to MedDiet is observed in the countryside, whereas in big towns this adherence is not so close. This has an effect on the rates of mortality at old age (and reciprocally longevity) that are lower in the countryside than in big towns. Concerning the health effects of the diet, the low content of animal protein and the low glycaemic index of the Sicilian MedDiet might directly modulate the insulin/IGF-1 and the mTOR pathways, known to be involved in ageing and longevity. In particular, the reduction of animal protein intake may significantly reduce serum IGF-1 concentrations and inhibit mTOR activity with a down-regulation of the signal that leads to the activation of FOXO3A and, consequently, to the transcription of homeostatic genes that favour longevity. The down-regulation of both IGF-1 and mTORC1 also induces an anti-inflammatory effect. In addition to the effects on sensing pathways, many single components of MedDiet are known to have positive effects on health, reducing inflammation, optimizing cholesterol and other important risk factors of age-related diseases. However, a key role is played by polyphenols represented in high amount in the Sicilian MedDiet (in particular in extra virgin olive oil) that can work as hormetins that provide an environmental chemical signature regulating stress resistance pathways such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Vasto
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare, Centro Nazionale per le Ricerche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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28
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Ren S, Kim JK, Kakiyama G, Rodriguez-Agudo D, Pandak WM, Min HK, Ning Y. Identification of novel regulatory cholesterol metabolite, 5-cholesten, 3β,25-diol, disulfate. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103621. [PMID: 25072708 PMCID: PMC4114806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterol sulfation plays an important role in regulation of lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses. In the present study, we report the discovery of a novel regulatory sulfated oxysterol in nuclei of primary rat hepatocytes after overexpression of the gene encoding mitochondrial cholesterol delivery protein (StarD1). Forty-eight hours after infection of the hepatocytes with recombinant StarD1 adenovirus, a water-soluble oxysterol product was isolated and purified by chemical extraction and reverse-phase HPLC. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified the oxysterol as 5-cholesten-3β, 25-diol, disulfate (25HCDS), and confirmed the structure by comparing with a chemically synthesized compound. Administration of 25HCDS to human THP-1-derived macrophages or HepG2 cells significantly inhibited cholesterol synthesis and markedly decreased lipid levels in vivo in NAFLD mouse models. RT-PCR showed that 25HCDS significantly decreased SREBP-1/2 activities by suppressing expression of their responding genes, including ACC, FAS, and HMG-CoA reductase. Analysis of lipid profiles in the liver tissues showed that administration of 25HCDS significantly decreased cholesterol, free fatty acids, and triglycerides by 30, 25, and 20%, respectively. The results suggest that 25HCDS inhibits lipid biosynthesis via blocking SREBP signaling. We conclude that 25HCDS is a potent regulator of lipid metabolism and propose its biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunlin Ren
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center/Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jin Koung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center/Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center/Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Rodriguez-Agudo
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center/Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - William M. Pandak
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center/Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Hae-Ki Min
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center/Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Yanxia Ning
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center/Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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29
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Wang XY, Yu ZL, Pan SY, Zhang Y, Sun N, Zhu PL, Jia ZH, Zhou SF, Ko KM. Supplementation with the extract of schisandrae fructus pulp, seed, or their combination influences the metabolism of lipids and glucose in mice fed with normal and hypercholesterolemic diet. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:472638. [PMID: 24876871 PMCID: PMC4021675 DOI: 10.1155/2014/472638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SCHISANDRAE FRUCTUS (SF), WHICH POSSESSES FIVE TASTES sweet (fruit skin), sour (pulp), bitter/pungent (seed core), and saltiness (all parts), can produce a wide spectrum of biological activities in the body. Here, we investigated the effects of the ethanolic extract of SF pulp, seed, or their combination (namely, EtSF-P, EtSF-S, or EtSF-P/S, resp.; collectively called EtSF) on the metabolism of lipids and glucose in normal diet- (ND-) and hypercholesterolemic diet- (HCLD-) fed mice. Supplementation with EtSF significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol levels by 18-47% in both ND- and HCLD-fed mice. EtSF supplementation reduced serum triglyceride levels (approximately 29%), whereas EtSF-P and EtSF-S/P elevated serum cholesterol (up to 26 and 44%, resp.) in HCLD-fed mice. Treatment with EtSF decreased hepatic glucose levels (by 9-44%) in both ND- and HCLD-fed mice. Supplementation with EtSF-S or EtSF-S/P (at 1 and 3%) increased biliary or fecal TC contents in HCLD-fed mice. However, supplementation with EtSF-S/P at 9% reduced biliary TC levels in HCLD-fed mice. EtSF-P or EtSF-S/P supplementation reduced serum alanine aminotransferase activity in HCLD-fed mice. The findings suggested that supplementation with EtSF lowered lipid and glucose accumulation in the liver and increased fecal cholesterol contents in mice. Dietary supplementation with EtSF-P or EtSF-S/P attenuated liver damage in HCLD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhan-Hong Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong
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Takaki A, Kawai D, Yamamoto K. Molecular mechanisms and new treatment strategies for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7352-79. [PMID: 24786095 PMCID: PMC4057677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in which most patients exhibit non-progressive, non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) attributable to simple steatosis. Multiple hits, including genetic differences, fat accumulation, insulin resistance and intestinal microbiota changes, account for the progression of NASH. NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, which induces adipokine secretion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress at the cellular level, which in turn induces hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Among these factors, gut microbiota are acknowledged as having an important role in initiating this multifactorial disease. Oxidative stress is considered to be a key contributor in the progression from NAFL to NASH. Macrophage infiltration is apparent in NAFL and NASH, while T-cell infiltration is apparent in NASH. Although several clinical trials have shown that antioxidative therapy with vitamin E can effectively control hepatitis pathology in the short term, the long-term effects remain obscure and have often proved to be ineffective in many other diseases. Several long-term antioxidant protocols have failed to reduce mortality. New treatment modalities that incorporate current understanding of NAFLD molecular pathogenesis must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Takaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Kawai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Kazuhide Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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31
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Engelmann G, Hoffmann GF, Grulich-Henn J, Teufel U. Alanine aminotransferase elevation in obese infants and children: a marker of early onset non alcoholic Fatty liver disease. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e14112. [PMID: 24748893 PMCID: PMC3989734 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated aminotransferases serve as surrogate markers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a feature commonly associated with the metabolic syndrome. Studies on the prevalence of fatty liver disease in obese children comprise small patient samples or focus on those patients with liver enzyme elevation. OBJECTIVES We have prospectively analyzed liver enzymes in all overweight and obese children coming to our tertiary care centre. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a prospective study 224 healthy, overweight or obese children aged 1 - 12 years were examined. Body Mass Index-Standard Deviation Score, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase were measured. RESULTS Elevated alanine aminotransferase was observed in 29% of children. 26 % of obese and 30 % of overweight children had liver enzyme elevations. Obese children had significantly higher alanine aminotransferase levels than overweight children (0.9 vs. 0.7 times the Upper Limit of Normal; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Elevation of liver enzymes appears in 29 % obese children in a tertiary care centre. Absolute alanine aminotransferase levels are significantly higher in obese than in overweight children. Even obese children with normal liver enzymes show signs of fatty liver disease as demonstrated by liver enzymes at the upper limit of normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Engelmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Lukas Hospital, Neuss, Germany
- Corresponding Author: Guido Engelmann, Department of Pediatrics, Lukas Hospital, Preussen Str 84, D-41464 Neuss, Germany. Tel: +49-21318883500, Fax: +49-21318883599, E-mail:
| | | | | | - Ulrike Teufel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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Tan HL, Moran NE, Cichon MJ, Riedl KM, Schwartz SJ, Erdman JW, Pearl DK, Thomas-Ahner JM, Clinton SK. β-Carotene-9',10'-oxygenase status modulates the impact of dietary tomato and lycopene on hepatic nuclear receptor-, stress-, and metabolism-related gene expression in mice. J Nutr 2014; 144:431-9. [PMID: 24553694 PMCID: PMC3952621 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.186676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato and lycopene (ψ,ψ-carotene) consumption is hypothesized to protect against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocarcinogenesis, processes that may depend upon diet and gene interactions. To investigate the interaction of tomato or lycopene feeding with β-carotene-9',10'-monooxygenase (Bco2) on hepatic metabolic and signaling pathways, male wild-type (WT) and Bco2(-/-) mice (3-wk-old; n = 36) were fed semi-purified control, 10% tomato powder-containing, or 0.25% lycopene beadlet-containing diets for 3 wk. Serum lycopene concentrations were higher in lycopene- and tomato-fed Bco2(-/-) mice compared with WT (P = 0.03). Tomato- and lycopene-fed mice had detectable hepatic apolipoprotein (apo)-6'-, apo-8'-, and apo-12'-lycopenal concentrations. Hepatic expression of β-carotene-15,15'-monooxygenase was increased in Bco2(-/-) mice compared with WT (P = 0.02), but not affected by diet. Evaluation of hepatic gene expression by focused quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction arrays for nuclear receptors and coregulators (84 genes) and stress and metabolism (82 genes) genes indicates that tomato feeding affected 31 genes (≥1.5-fold, P < 0.05) and lycopene feeding affected 19 genes, 16 of which were affected by both diets. Lycopene down-regulation of 7 nuclear receptors and coregulators, estrogen-related receptor-α, histone deacetylase 3, nuclear receptor coactivator 4, RevErbA-β, glucocorticoid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, and PPAR-γ, coactivator 1 β was dependent upon interaction with Bco2 status. Lycopene and tomato feeding induced gene expression patterns consistent with decreased lipid uptake, decreased cell proliferation and mitosis, down-regulated aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, and decreased expression of genes involved in retinoid X receptor heterodimer activation. Tomato feeding also caused expression changes consistent with down-regulation of DNA synthesis and terpenoid metabolism. These data suggest tomato components, particularly lycopene, affect hepatic gene expression, potentially affecting hepatic responses to metabolic, infectious, or chemical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Li Tan
- The Interdisciplinary Program in Nutrition,Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
| | | | - Morgan J. Cichon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ken M. Riedl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Steven J. Schwartz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, and,Department of Food Science and Technology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John W. Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL; and
| | - Dennis K. Pearl
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, and,Department of Statistics and
| | | | - Steven K. Clinton
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, and,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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