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Delleli S, Ouergui I, Messaoudi H, Bridge C, Ardigò LP, Chtourou H. Warm-up music and low-dose caffeine enhance the activity profile and psychophysiological responses during simulated combat in female taekwondo athletes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14302. [PMID: 38906894 PMCID: PMC11192912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To assess the effects of warm-up music and low dose (3 mg·kg-1) of caffeine (CAF) on female taekwondo athlete's activity profile and psychophysiological responses during simulated combat. In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover study, 16 female athletes participated in simulated combats under one control and 5 experimental conditions [i.e., CAF alone (CAF), placebo alone (PL), CAF with music (CAF + M), PL with music (PL + M), and no supplement with music (M)]. After warming-up, athletes rated their felt arousal (FAS). Mean (HRmean) and peak (HRpeak) heart rate values were determined for each combat. After fighting, athletes rated their perceived exertion (RPE), feeling scale (FS), FAS, and physical enjoyment (PACES). Time-motion and technical-tactical variables were analyzed. CAF + M induced shorter skip and pause time, while attack time increased compared to other conditions (p < 0.05). Moreover, CAF + M increased single attacks, combined attacks, counter-attacks (p < 0.001), and defensive actions (p < 0.05) than other conditions. HRmean and HRpeak were lower under CAF + M than other conditions (p < 0.05). Additionally, higher FAS post-combat, FS, and PACES were observed under CAF + M, while RPE was lower (except CAF condition) compared to the other conditions (p < 0.05.Using CAF with warm-up music may increase combat cadence and improve the psychological state in female athletes more effectively than either strategy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaheddine Delleli
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ibrahim Ouergui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, 7100, El Kef, Tunisia.
- Research Unit: Sports Science, Health and Movement, UR22JS01, University of Jendouba, 7100, El Kef, Tunisia.
| | - Hamdi Messaoudi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Craig Bridge
- Sports Performance Research Group, Edge Hill University, Wilson Centre, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Linstows Gate 3, 0166, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit: Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, 1003, Tunis, Tunisia
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Edwards F, Bright M, Dux C, Coyer F, Laupland KB. Caffeine consumption and withdrawal among patients in the intensive care unit. Aust Crit Care 2024; 37:436-440. [PMID: 37120336 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of data surrounding the use of therapeutic caffeine among adults admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine reported caffeine use and withdrawal symptoms among patients admitted to the ICU to inform future prospective interventional trials. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional survey design, where a survey was conducted by a registered dietitian among 100 adult patients admitted to an ICU in Brisbane, Australia. RESULTS The median age of patients was 59.8 y (interquartile range: 44.0-70.0), and 68% were male. Ninety-nine percent of patients had daily consumption of caffeine with a median 338 mg (interquartile range: 162-504). Caffeine consumption was self-reported in 89% of patients and was uncovered by detailed identification in 10%. Almost one-third (29%) reported caffeine withdrawal symptoms while admitted to intensive care. Common withdrawal symptoms reported were headaches, irritability, fatigue, anxiety, and constipation. Eighty-eight percent of patients reported willingness to participate in future studies of therapeutic caffeine if they were admitted to the ICU. Preferred methods of parenteral and enteral routes of administration varied by patient and illness characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Patients admitted to this ICU were ubiquitous consumers of caffeine before admission, and one-tenth were unaware. Patients viewed trials of therapeutic caffeine as highly acceptable. The results provide important baseline information for future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Edwards
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Matthew Bright
- Department of Anesthetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Claire Dux
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fiona Coyer
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom; Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kevin B Laupland
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Acar K, Mor A, Mor H, Kargın Z, Alexe DI, Abdioğlu M, Karayiğit R, Alexe CI, Cojocaru AM, Mocanu GD. Caffeine Improves Sprint Time in Simulated Freestyle Swimming Competition but Not the Vertical Jump in Female Swimmers. Nutrients 2024; 16:1253. [PMID: 38732500 PMCID: PMC11085104 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine (CAF) has been shown to be an effective ergogenic aid in enhancing sports performance, including vertical jump (VJ), sprint, balance, agility, and freestyle swimming performance (FSP). However, whether acute CAF supplementation improves FSP in moderately trained female swimmers has not been well documented. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of CAF intake on vertical jump, balance, auditory reaction time (ART), and swimming performance in female swimmers. In a double-blind, cross-over design, eight moderately trained female swimmers (age: 21.3 ± 1.4 years, height: 161.2 ± 7.1 cm, body mass: 56.3 ± 6.7 kg, body mass index (BMI): 21.9 ± 1.3 kg/m2, and habitual CAF intake: 246.4 ± 111.4 mg/day) ingested caffeine (CAF) (6 mg/kg) or a placebo (PLA) 60 min before completing VJ, balance, ART, and 25/50 m FSP. CAF supplementation resulted in a significantly lower time both in 25m (p = 0.032) and 50m (p = 0.033) FSP. However, CAF resulted in no significant difference in VJ, ART, and RPE (p > 0.05). Balance test results showed a non-significant moderate main effect (d = 0.58). In conclusion, CAF seems to reduce time in short-distance swimming performances, which could be the determinant of success considering the total time of the race. Thus, we recommend coaches and practitioners incorporate CAF into swimmers' nutrition plans before competitions, which may meet the high performance demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kürşat Acar
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Sinop University, 57010 Sinop, Turkey; (K.A.); (A.M.); (Z.K.)
| | - Ahmet Mor
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Sinop University, 57010 Sinop, Turkey; (K.A.); (A.M.); (Z.K.)
| | - Hakkı Mor
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55280 Samsun, Turkey;
| | - Zehra Kargın
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Sinop University, 57010 Sinop, Turkey; (K.A.); (A.M.); (Z.K.)
| | - Dan Iulian Alexe
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 600115 Bacau, Romania
| | - Mekki Abdioğlu
- Department of Sports Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Raci Karayiğit
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Cristina Ioana Alexe
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Performance, “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau, 600115 Bacau, Romania;
| | - Adin Marian Cojocaru
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Spiru Haret University, 041905 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - George Danuț Mocanu
- Individual Sports and Physical Therapy Department, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galați, Romania;
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Sim JE, Leota J, Mascaro L, Hoffman D, Facer-Childs ER. Sleep patterns before and after competition: A real-world examination of elite athletes. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:2014-2026. [PMID: 38314742 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2308960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Good sleep before and after competitions is crucial to cognitive, physiological performance and recovery. Yet, elite athletes face a unique set of challenges when acquiring good sleep before and after competitions, and indeed commonly report sleep problems when it matters most. This study examined the sleep of elite athletes before and after competition compared to before and after free days. A total of 1808 unique nights of actigraphy (n = 1495) and sleep diary (n = 1335) data from elite Australian Football League and National Rugby League male athletes (N = 85, M-age = 24.4 ± 3.6) were collected and analysed using multi-level mixed models. On nights before competitions, athletes advanced sleep timings (p < .001, d = 0.63) and increased total sleep time (p < .001, d = 0.65) compared to nights before free days. On nights after competitions, athletes delayed sleep timings (p < .001, d = 1.64), reduced total sleep time (p < .001, d = 1.28), and had significantly worse quality sleep (p < .001, d = 0.71) compared to nights after free days. Sleep was especially worse following night competitions. While elite athletes and organisations may be implementing effective sleep strategies to optimise sleep the night before competitions, strategies to improve sleep after competitions may be lacking. We discuss potential factors contributing to this asymmetry and propose areas for research moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian En Sim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Josh Leota
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luis Mascaro
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Hoffman
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elise R Facer-Childs
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- High Performance Department, St Kilda Football Club, Australian Football League, Melbourne, Australia
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Delleli S, Ouergui I, Messaoudi H, Ballmann CG, Ardigò LP, Chtourou H. Effects of caffeine consumption combined with listening to music during warm-up on taekwondo physical performance, perceived exertion and psychological aspects. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292498. [PMID: 37871019 PMCID: PMC10593230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of caffeine (CAF) and music have been well documented when used separately, but their combined effects are not yet studied. Thus, the present study assessed the acute effects of combining a low dose of CAF with listening to music during warm-up on taekwondo physical performance, perceived exertion (RPE), and psychological responses during taekwondo-specific tasks in male elite athletes. In a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study design, male taekwondo athletes (n = 16; age: 18.25 ± 0.75 years) performed the taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT), 10 s frequency speed of kick test (FSKT-10s) and the multiple version of FSKT (FSKT-mult) under the following conditions: 1) CAF without music (CAF+NoM), 2) placebo (PL) without music (PL+NoM), 3) CAF with music (CAF+M), 4) PL with music (PL+M), 5) no supplement with music (NoS+M) and no supplement without music (control). RPE, feeling scale (FS), felt arousal scale (FAS) and physical enjoyment (PACES) were determined after each test. Findings showed the CAF+M condition induced better performances than other conditions for TSAT, FSKT-10s, FSKT-mult, RPE, FAS and FS and PACES post FSKT-10s (all p<0.05). Moreover, CAF+M resulted in better responses than other conditions for PACES post TSAT (p<0.05) with the exception of CAF+NoM. Likewise, CAF+M condition induced better physical enjoyment than PL+NoM, NoS+M and PL+M conditions post FSKT-mult (p<0.05). Combining low dose of CAF with music during warm-up was an effective strategy that induced greater effects than their isolated use during taekwondo specific tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slaheddine Delleli
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibrahim Ouergui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef, Tunisia
- Research Unit, Sports Science, Health and Movement, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Messaoudi
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Pariyavuth P, Lee JKW, Tan PMS, Vichaiwong K, Mawhinney C, Pinthong M. Practical internal and external cooling methods do not influence rapid recovery from simulated taekwondo performance. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:286-294. [PMID: 37332293 PMCID: PMC10272492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives The influence of post-exercise cooling on recovery has gained much attention in the empirical literature, however, data is limited in regards to optimizing recovery from taekwondo performance when combat is repeated in quick succession within the same day. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the effects of external and internal cooling after simulated taekwondo combat upon intestinal temperature (Tint), psychomotor skills (reaction time, response time, movement time), and neuromuscular function (peak torque, average power, time to reach peak torque). Methods Using a randomized counterbalanced crossover design, 10 well-trained male taekwondo athletes completed four recovery methods on separate occasions: passive recovery (CON), a 5-minute thermoneutral water immersion (35°C) (TWI), a 5-min cold water immersion (15°C) (CWI), and ice slurry ingestion (-1°C) (ICE; consumed every 5 min for 30 min). Heart rate (HR), blood lactate (Blac) concentrations, and Tint were determined at rest, immediately after combat, and at selected intervals during a 90-min recovery period. Neuromuscular functional (measured with isokinetic dynamometer) and psychomotor indices were assessed at baseline and after the recovery period. Results ICE led to a significantly lower Tint at 30 min (P<0.01) and 45 min (P<0.01) after simulated combat; 15-30 min after cessation of ingesting ice slurry, compared with the CON and TWI conditions, respectively. However, there were no differences in Tint across time points between the other conditions (P>0.05). Psychomotor skills and neuromuscular function indices returned to baseline values after the 90 min recovery period (P>0.05) with no differences observed between conditions (P>0.05). Conclusion The present findings suggest that internal (ICE) and external (CWI) recovery methods appear to have little impact on physiological and functional indices over the time course required to influence repeated taekwondo combat performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Pariyavuth
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Faculty of Physical Education, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Jason Kai Wei Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Heat Resilience and Performance Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pearl Min Sze Tan
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kanokwan Vichaiwong
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Christopher Mawhinney
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Metta Pinthong
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Saunders B, da Costa LR, de Souza RAS, Barreto G, Marticorena FM. Caffeine and sport. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 106:95-127. [PMID: 37722778 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is a trimethylxanthine found in coffee and several other foods and beverages. Its stimulatory effects make it an interesting strategy to boost performance for athletic populations. Scientific evidence supports its efficacy to improve high-intensity endurance exercise, explosive and high-intensity efforts, resistance exercise, team sports and combat sports, though individual variation in the ergogenic response to caffeine exists. Supplementation can be taken in many forms including dissolved in water, via capsules, coffee, energy drinks and caffeinated gum; ingestion via capsules, dissolved in water or in caffeinated gum appear to be most effective. Variability in the exercise response following caffeine supplementation may be explained by genetic factors or habitual caffeine consumption. Caffeine is an excellent supplement for athletes looking to improve their exercise performance, though some consideration of side-effects and impact on sleep are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Registro da Costa
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Silva de Souza
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Barreto
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Miguel Marticorena
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Shumski EJ, Anderson MN, Oh J, Schmidt JD, Lynall RC. Computerized and functional reaction time in varsity-level female collegiate athletes with and without a concussion history. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:189-194. [PMID: 36906428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To 1) determine the association between computerized and functional reaction time, and 2) compare functional reaction times between female athletes with and without a concussion history. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Twenty female college athletes with concussion history (age = 19.1 ± 1.5 years, height = 166.9 ± 6.7 cm, mass = 62.8 ± 6.9 kg, median total concussion = 1.0 [interquartile range = 1.0, 2.0]), and 28 female college athletes without concussion history (age = 19.1 ± 1.0 years, height = 172.7 ± 8.3 cm, mass = 65.4 ± 8.4 kg). Functional reaction time was assessed during jump landing and dominant and non-dominant limb cutting. Computerized assessments included simple, complex, Stroop, and composite reaction times. Partial correlations investigated the associations between functional and computerized reaction time assessments while covarying for time between computerized and functional reaction time assessments. Analysis of covariance compared functional and computerized reaction time, covarying for time since concussion. RESULTS There were no significant correlations between functional and computerized reaction time assessments (p-range = 0.318 to 0.999, partial correlation range = -0.149 to 0.072). Reaction time did not differ between groups during any functional (p-range = 0.057 to 0.920) or computerized (p-range = 0.605 to 0.860) reaction time assessments. CONCLUSIONS Post-concussion reaction time is commonly assessed via computerized measures, but our data suggest computerized reaction time assessments are not characterizing reaction time during sport-like movements in varsity-level female athletes. Future research should investigate confounding factors of functional reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Shumski
- Department of Kinesiology, UGA Concussion and Biomechanics Research Laboratory and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Georgia, United States of America.
| | - Melissa N Anderson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, United States of America
| | - Jeonghoon Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, United States of America
| | - Julianne D Schmidt
- Department of Kinesiology, UGA Concussion and Biomechanics Research Laboratory and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert C Lynall
- Department of Kinesiology, UGA Concussion and Biomechanics Research Laboratory and Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Georgia, United States of America
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Cintineo HP, Bello ML, Chandler AJ, Cardaci TD, McFadden BA, Arent SM. Effects of caffeine, methylliberine, and theacrine on vigilance, marksmanship, and hemodynamic responses in tactical personnel: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:543-564. [PMID: 36016763 PMCID: PMC9397462 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2113339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tactical athletes require fast reaction times (RT) along with high levels of vigilance and marksmanship performance. Caffeine has been shown to improve these measures but also results in increased blood pressure and jitteriness. Research on other purine alkaloids, such as methylliberine and theacrine, has suggested they do not increase blood pressure or jitteriness to the same extent, but their impact on tactical performance is unknown. Methods A between-subjects, randomized, placebo-controlled design was used to test the effects of placebo (PLA), 300 mg caffeine (CAF), and a combination of 150 mg caffeine, 100 mg methylliberine, and 50 mg theacrine (CMT) on RT and marksmanship along with hemodynamic and arousal measures following a sustained vigilance task in tactical personnel (n = 48). Following consumption of the supplement, participants underwent a 150-min protocol consisting of two rounds. Each round began with leisurely reading followed by a 30-min vigilance task before beginning two trials of movement and marksmanship tasks. Hemodynamics and felt arousal were assessed throughout the protocol. Composite Z-scores were calculated for overall performance measures at each timepoint, and mixed-effects models were used to assess differences in RT, accuracy, and composite Z-scores along with hemodynamics and felt arousal. An α-level of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance, and Cohen’s d was used to quantify effect sizes. Results A Group-by-Time interaction for vigilance RT (P = 0.038) indicated improvements for both CAF and CMT from round 1 to round 2 (P < 0.01) while PLA did not change (P = 0.27). No Group main effects or Group-by-Time interactions were found for movement or marksmanship performance (P > 0.20). Group main effects for systolic (SBP; P = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; P = 0.028) indicated higher SBP in CAF (P = 0.003, d= 0.84) and CMT (P = 0.007, d= 0.79) compared to PLA but only higher DBP in CAF (P = 0.025, d= 0.74). No Group-by-Time interaction or Group main effect was found for felt arousal (P > 0.16). Conclusions These findings suggest similar benefits on RT during a vigilance task between CAF, containing 300 mg caffeine, and CMT above PLA, though CAF resulted in slightly less favorable hemodynamic changes. This study is the first to provide data showing similar efficacy of combined caffeine, methylliberine, and theacrine compared to double the caffeine dose consumed alone on vigilance RT but without a significant rise in DBP above PLA in tactical personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry P. Cintineo
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Marissa L. Bello
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Alexa J. Chandler
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Thomas D. Cardaci
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bridget A. McFadden
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shawn M. Arent
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Hayat Z, Sharma S, Minhaj T. Efficacy of caffeine on athletic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effects of Caffeine on Performances of Simulated Match, Wingate Anaerobic Test, and Cognitive Function Test of Elite Taekwondo Athletes in Hong Kong. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163398. [PMID: 36014906 PMCID: PMC9414007 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on performances of simulated match, Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), and cognitive function test of elite taekwondo athletes. Ten elite taekwondo athletes in Hong Kong volunteered to participate in two main trials in a randomized double-blinded crossover design. In each main trial, 1 h after consuming a drink with caffeine (CAF) or a placebo drink without caffeine (PLA), the participants completed two simulated taekwondo match sessions followed by the WAnT. The participants were instructed to complete three cognitive function tests, namely the Eriksen Flanker Test (EFT), Stroop Test, and Rapid Visual Information Processing Test, at baseline, before exercise, and immediately after the simulated matches. They were also required to wear functional near-infrared spectroscopy equipment during these tests. Before exercise, the reaction time in the EFT was shorter in the CAF trial than in the PLA trial (PLA: 494.9 ± 49.2 ms vs. CAF: 467.9 ± 38.0 ms, p = 0.035). In the WAnT, caffeine intake increased the peak power and mean power per unit of body weight (by approximately 13% and 6%, respectively, p = 0.018 & 0.042). The performance in the simulated matches was not affected by caffeine intake (p = 0.168). In conclusion, caffeine intake enhances anaerobic power and may improve certain cognitive functions of elite taekwondo athletes in Hong Kong. However, this may not be enough to improve the simulated match performance.
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Acute Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physical Performance, Physiological Responses, Perceived Exertion, and Technical-Tactical Skills in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142996. [PMID: 35889953 PMCID: PMC9315598 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the effects of caffeine supplementation on combat sports performance have been extensively investigated, there is currently no consensus regarding its ergogenic benefits.This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to summarize the studies investigating the effects of caffeine supplementation on different aspects of performance in combat sports and to quantitatively analyze the results of these studies to better understand the ergogenic effect of caffeine on combat sports outcomes. A systematic search for randomized placebo-controlled studies investigating the effects of caffeine supplementation on combat sports’ performance was performed through Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases up to 18 April 2022. Random-effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (Hedge’s g) were performed to analyze the data. Twenty-six studies of good and excellent methodological quality (based on the Pedro scale) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results revealed caffeine has a small but evident effect size (ES) on handgrip strength (ES = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.52; p = 0.02), and total number of throws during the special judo fitness test (SJFT) (ES = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.78; p = 0.02). Regarding the physiological responses, caffeine increased blood lactate concentration ([La]) in anaerobic exercise (ES = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.29 to 2.18; p = 0.01) and simulated combat (ES = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.47; p = 0.002). For Heart Rate (HR), caffeine increased HR final (ES = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.52; p = 0.003), and HR 1min (ES = 0.20; 95% CI 0.004 to 0.40; p = 0.045). However, caffeine had no impact on the countermovement jump height, the SJFT index, the judogi strength-endurance test, the number and duration of offensive actions, HR at the end of the fight, and the rating of perceived exertion. Caffeine supplementation may be ergogenic for a range of combat sports aspects involving isometric strength, anaerobic power, reaction time, and anaerobic metabolism. However, supplementation effects might be ineffective under certain circumstances, indicating supplementation needs to take into account the performance metric in question prior to creating a dosing protocol.
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Functional Reaction Times of a Simulated Blocking Test among Para Taekwondo Athletes. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071231. [PMID: 35885758 PMCID: PMC9317956 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Para taekwondo is a combat sport martial art that requires fast reaction times for successful defense during fighting. The current classification system is based on the function and the effective length of the upper limbs, which affects the athlete’s ability to block. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the differences between the different classes in the athlete’s ability to block and move around the ring. A total of 87 Para taekwondo (K42, K43, and K44) athletes’ data were analyzed. Each participant engaged in the blocking reaction time test in a fighting stance with the left leg in front, the right leg in front, and the legs parallel in random order. A foot-stepping reaction test was performed to anlyze how the athletes moved in various directions. The results indicated no significant differences between the classes for the lower body foot stepping reaction times and the upper body blocking performance times. The stimulated blocking time of the Para taekwondo athletes ranged from 0.79 to 0.97 s Furthermore, the neurological group (0.86 ± 0.09 s) was significantly slower than the amputation/dysmelia group (0.81 ± 0.07 s). We thus concluded that the neurologically impaired athletes were disadvantaged and therefore belonged in a separate class.
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Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132588. [PMID: 35807770 PMCID: PMC9268044 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional ergogenic aids (NEAs) are substances included within the group of sports supplements. Although they are widely consumed by athletes, evidence-based analysis is required to support training outcomes or competitive performance in specific disciplines. Combat sports have a predominant use of anaerobic metabolism as a source of energy, reaching peak exertion or sustained effort for very short periods of time. In this context, the use of certain NEAs could help athletes to improve their performance in those specific combat skills (i.e., the number of attacks, throws and hits; jump height; and grip strength, among others) as well as in general physical aspects (time to exhaustion [TTE], power, fatigue perception, heart rate, use of anaerobic metabolism, etc.). Medline/PubMed, Scopus and EBSCO were searched from their inception to May 2022 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Out of 677 articles found, 55 met the predefined inclusion criteria. Among all the studied NEAs, caffeine (5–10 mg/kg) showed strong evidence for its use in combat sports to enhance the use of glycolytic pathways for energy production during high-intensity actions due to a greater production of and tolerance to blood lactate levels. In this regard, abilities including the number of attacks, reaction time, handgrip strength, power and TTE, among others, were improved. Buffering supplements such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine may have a promising role in high and intermittent exertion during combat, but more studies are needed in grappling combat sports to confirm their efficacy during sustained isometric exertion. Other NEAs, including creatine, beetroot juice or glycerol, need further investigation to strengthen the evidence for performance enhancement in combat sports. Caffeine is the only NEA that has shown strong evidence for performance enhancement in combat sports.
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Diaz-Lara J, Grgic J, Detanico D, Botella J, Jiménez SL, Del Coso J. Effects of acute caffeine intake on combat sports performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9859-9874. [PMID: 35475945 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2068499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The interest in the benefits of caffeine in combat sports has grown exponentially in the last few years, evidenced by the significant rise of post-competition urine caffeine concentration. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of caffeine on different performance variables in combat sports athletes. In total, we included 25 studies. All studies included had blinded, and cross-over experimental designs, and we conducted a risk of bias analysis. For nonspecific outcomes, there was an ergogenic effect of caffeine on vertical jump height (SMD: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.71) and reaction time (SMD: -0.98, 95% CI: -1.46,-0.50). For outcomes specific to combat sports, there was an increase in the number of throws with caffeine in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SMD: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.14, 1.09). Caffeine ingestion increased the number of offensive actions during combats (SMD: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.74). Caffeine ingestion increased the duration of offensive actions during combat (SMD: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.96). Finally, caffeine ingestion increased blood lactate concentration after bout 1 (SMD: 1.35) bout 2 (SMD: 1.43) and bout 3 (SMD: 1.98). Overall, athletes competing in combat sports may consider supplementing with caffeine for an acute increase in exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz-Lara
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Navarra University, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniele Detanico
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Javier Botella
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sergio L Jiménez
- Centre for Sports Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sports Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Spain
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Virdinli SG, Kutlay E, Yuzbasioglu Y, Vollaard NBJ, Rudarli Nalcakan G. The effect of mouth rinsing with different concentrations of caffeine solutions on reaction time. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:928-933. [PMID: 35193478 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2038893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine mouth rinsing (CAF-MR) has been shown to improve reaction time (RT). CAF-MR studies have generally used 1.2% CAF concentrations, but the effect of using different concentrations is unknown. Therefore, we compared the effect of different concentrations of CAF-MR on RT. Forty-five trained male athletes (age: 18 ± 3 y) volunteered to participate in this double-blind, randomized controlled crossover study. Participants completed five testing sessions (Control, Placebo (water)-MR, and 1.2%, 1.8%, and 2.4% CAF-MR), with hand and foot RTs assessed immediately after MR. All CAF-MR conditions resulted in significantly faster hand and foot RT compared to Control and Placebo (all p < 0.001, except for foot RT with 1.8% CAF-MR vs. Placebo: NS). For both hand and foot RT, 1.2% and 1.8% CAF-MR did not significantly differ, but RT for 2.4% CAF-MR was significantly faster than both (p < 0.001). Improvements in RT for 2.4% CAF-MR vs. Placebo were 22% for hand RT and 21% for foot RT. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that higher CAF-MR concentrations than those typically used can result in greater improvements in RT. This has implications for the practical use of CAF-MR to enhance performance in sports in which optimal RT is a factor of success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emine Kutlay
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Niels B J Vollaard
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Effects of 3 mg/kg Body Mass of Caffeine on the Performance of Jiu-Jitsu Elite Athletes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030675. [PMID: 35277034 PMCID: PMC8839994 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of caffeine were investigated in judo, boxing, taekwondo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. However, this substance was never investigated regarding traditional jiu-jitsu. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the effects of caffeine in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and technical variables during combat in traditional jiu-jitsu elite athletes. Methods: Twenty-two young professionals of traditional jiu-jitsu, 11 men and 11 women (age = 22 ± 4 (18−33) years, body mass = 66.6 ± 10.8 (46.2−86.1) kg, height = 1.70 ± 0.9 (1.55−1.85) m) with 15 ± 7 years of experience in traditional jiu-jitsu, participated in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover study. In two different conditions, the traditional jiu-jitsu athletes ingested 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine or a placebo. After 60 min, they performed the SJFT test to measure throwing performance, and subsequently, combat to analyze offensive and defensive hitting techniques. Results: Caffeine had a main effect on the number of throws during the SJFT test (P < 0.01). In addition, it was effective in sets 2 (13 ± 2 vs. 14 ± 2; p = 0.01) and 3 (12 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 1; p = 0.03). There was also a main effect during the test on heart rate when caffeine was ingested (F = 12.48, p < 0.01). The effects of caffeine were similar compared to the placebo condition regarding performance during combat both in offensive and defensive fighting variables Conclusions: the pre-exercise ingestion of 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine increased performance in the SJFT test, decreased fatigue perception, and increased power and endurance perception in professionally traditional jiu-jitsu athletes. However, it did not seem to improve offensive and defensive technical actions during combat.
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Ouergui I, Mahdi N, Delleli S, Messaoudi H, Chtourou H, Sahnoun Z, Bouassida A, Bouhlel E, Nobari H, Ardigò LP, Franchini E. Acute Effects of Low Dose of Caffeine Ingestion Combined with Conditioning Activity on Psychological and Physical Performances of Male and Female Taekwondo Athletes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030571. [PMID: 35276932 PMCID: PMC8838840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated low-dose caffeine ingestion, conditioning activity (CA) effects on psycho-physical performances in young taekwondo athletes. In a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design, 20 athletes (10 males; 17.5 ± 0.7 yrs) performed taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT), 10 s/multiple frequency speed of kick test (FSKT-10s/FSKT-mult) after ingesting 3 mg·kg−1 caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PL) 60 min before performing standard warm-up without (NoCA) or with CA (3 × 10 vertical jumps above 40 cm), resulting in four experimental (PL + NoCA, CAF + NoCA, PL + CA, and CAF + CA) and one control (warm-up session without CAF or CA) conditions. Mood/physical symptoms (MPSS), subjective vitality (SVS), and feeling (FS) scales were analyzed post-to-pre for all conditions. Ratings of perceived-exertion and perceived-recovery status were determined after tests. For TSAT, CAF + CA induced better performance compared with all conditions (p < 0.001). For FSKT-10s and FSKT-mult, CAF + CA induced better performance compared with all conditions (p < 0.001). For MPSS, FS, CAF + NoCA induced higher scores than PL + NoCA and PL + CA (p = 0.002, 0.009 for MPSS; p = 0.014, 0.03 for FS). For SVS, PL + CA elicited lower scores than PL + NoCA and CAF + NoCA (p = 0.01, 0.004). Sex comparisons resulted in better performances for males for TSAT (p = 0.008), FSKT-10s (p < 0.001), FSKT-mult (p < 0.01), MPSS (p = 0.02), SVS (p = 0.028), and FS (p = 0.020) scores. Caffeine and conditioning activity are two efficient performance-enhancing strategies, which could synergistically result in greater psycho-physical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ouergui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (I.O.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Nourhene Mahdi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (I.O.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Slaheddine Delleli
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (S.D.); (H.M.); (H.C.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Messaoudi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (S.D.); (H.M.); (H.C.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (S.D.); (H.M.); (H.C.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (I.O.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Ezdine Bouhlel
- Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
| | - Hadi Nobari
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
- Sports Scientist, Sepahan Football Club, Isfahan 81887-78473, Iran
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (L.P.A.)
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (L.P.A.)
| | - Emerson Franchini
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil;
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Malecek J, Tufano JJ. Effects of Ammonia Inhalants in Humans: A Review of the Current Literature Regarding the Benefits, Risks, and Efficacy. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Miraftabi H, Avazpoor Z, Berjisian E, Sarshin A, Rezaei S, Domínguez R, Reale R, Franchini E, Samanipour MH, Koozehchian MS, Willems MET, Rafiei R, Naderi A. Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Aerobic and Anaerobic Performances of Trained Male Taekwondo Athletes: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910202. [PMID: 34639501 PMCID: PMC8507686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that nitrate (NO3−)-rich beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation improves endurance and high-intensity intermittent exercise. The dose–response effects on taekwondo following BJ supplementation are yet to be determined. This study aimed to investigate two acute doses of 400 mg of NO3− (BJ-400) and 800 mg of NO3− (BJ-800) on taekwondo-specific performance and cognitive function tests compared with a placebo (PL) and control (CON) conditions. Eight trained male taekwondo athletes (age: 20 ± 4 years, height: 180 ± 2 cm, body mass: 64.8 ± 4.0 kg) completed four experimental trials using a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled design: BJ-400, BJ-800, PL, and CON. Participants consumed two doses of BJ-400 and BJ-800 or nitrate-depleted PL at 2.5 h prior to performing the Multiple Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT). Countermovement jump (CMJ) was performed before the (FSKT) and PSTT, whereas cognitive function was assessed (via the Stroop test) before and after supplementation and 10 min following PSTT. Blood lactate was collected before the CMJ tests immediately and 3 min after the FSKT and PSST; rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded during and after both specific taekwondo tests. No significant differences (p > 0.05), with moderate and large effect sizes, between conditions were observed for PSTT and FSKT performances. In addition, blood lactate, RPE, heart rate, and CMJ height were not significantly different among conditions (p > 0.05). However, after the PSTT test, cognitive function was higher in BJ-400 compared to other treatments (p < 0.05). It was concluded that acute intake of 400 and 800 mg of NO3− rich BJ reported a moderate to large effect size in anaerobic and aerobic; however, no statistical differences were found in taekwondo-specific performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Miraftabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; (H.M.); (Z.A.); (E.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Zahra Avazpoor
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; (H.M.); (Z.A.); (E.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Erfan Berjisian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; (H.M.); (Z.A.); (E.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Amir Sarshin
- Clinical Care and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj 3149968111, Iran;
| | - Sajjad Rezaei
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran;
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Sevilla, Spain;
- Studies Research Group in Neuromuscular Responses (GEPREN), University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Reid Reale
- USA.UFC Performance Institute, Shanghai 200072, China;
| | - Emerson Franchini
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil;
| | | | - Majid S. Koozehchian
- Department of Kinesiology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL 36265, USA;
| | - Mark E. T. Willems
- Institute of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, College Lane, University of Chichester, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK;
| | - Ramin Rafiei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran; (H.M.); (Z.A.); (E.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Alireza Naderi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd 6915136111, Iran
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-91-0448-6440
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21
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Campbell AK, Williamson CE, Macgregor LJ, Hamilton DL. Elevated arousal following acute ammonia inhalation is not associated with increased neuromuscular performance. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1391-1400. [PMID: 34228592 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1953150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many athletes seek to enhance their performance using legal ergogenic aids, including ammonia inhalants (AIs). AIs trigger the inhalation reflex and increase blood pressure, respiration and heart rate; but, despite their widespread use, there is little evidence for the benefits of AI on exercise performance. We aimed to determine the psychological and neuromuscular impact of acute ammonia inhalation. Fourteen non-resistance trained males completed three trials: control, experimental (AI), and sham. The order of the sham and experimental trials was randomised. Participants completed handgrip and knee extension maximal voluntary contractions (MVC), and countermovement jump (CMJ). Heart rate and alertness were recorded at rest and immediately following control, experimental or sham treatment, followed by functional performance measurements. Reaction time, electromechanical delay, rate of force development and peak force were calculated from MVCs, and peak power from CMJ. On completion of trials, perceived performance was recorded. Statistical significance was accepted at P < .05. Heart rate (P < .001), alertness (P = .009) and perceived performance (P = .036) were elevated by AIs. Markers of functional performance were unaltered by AIs. Alertness was moderately correlated with perceived performance in control (r = 0.61) and sham conditions (r = 0.54), and very-highly correlated in the experimental condition (r = 0.90). AI elevates alertness and perceived physical performance, but not peak strength, power, or neuromuscular drive. AIs may be a useful psychological stimulant to increase focus and mental preparation, however it is unlikely that this will improve functional performance in an untrained population. Our data suggest however, that ammonia inhalants may improve the perception of an individual's performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Campbell
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, United Kingdom
| | - Callum E Williamson
- Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis J Macgregor
- Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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22
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Domaszewski P, Pakosz P, Konieczny M, Bączkowicz D, Sadowska-Krępa E. Caffeine-Induced Effects on Human Skeletal Muscle Contraction Time and Maximal Displacement Measured by Tensiomyography. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030815. [PMID: 33801251 PMCID: PMC8001539 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on muscle activation time in sport after caffeine supplementation confirmed the effectiveness of caffeine. The novel approach was to determine whether a dose of 9 mg/kg/ body mass (b.m.) of caffeine affects the changes of contraction time and the displacement of electrically stimulated muscle (gastrocnemius medialis) in professional athletes who regularly consume products rich in caffeine and do not comply with the caffeine discontinuation period requirements. The study included 40 professional male handball players (age = 23.13 ± 3.51, b.m. = 93.51 ± 15.70 kg, height 191 ± 7.72, BMI = 25.89 ± 3.10). The analysis showed that in the experimental group the values of examined parameters were significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.001) (contraction time: before = 20.60 ± 2.58 ms/ after = 18.43 ± 3.05 ms; maximal displacement: before = 2.32 ± 0.80 mm/after = 1.69 ± 0.51 mm). No significant changes were found in the placebo group. The main achievement of this research was to demonstrate that caffeine at a dose of 9 mg/kg in professional athletes who regularly consume products rich in caffeine has a direct positive effect on the mechanical activity of skeletal muscle stimulated by an electric pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Domaszewski
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland; (M.K.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (P.P.); Tel.: +48-774498330 (P.D.); +48-774498321 (P.P.)
| | - Paweł Pakosz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland; (M.K.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (P.D.); (P.P.); Tel.: +48-774498330 (P.D.); +48-774498321 (P.P.)
| | - Mariusz Konieczny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland; (M.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Dawid Bączkowicz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland; (M.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
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Sleep Characteristics of Elite Youth Athletes: A Clustering Approach to Optimize Sleep Support Strategies. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1225-1233. [PMID: 33626505 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Elite athletes experience chronic sleep insufficiency due to training and competition schedules. However, there is little research on sleep and caffeine use of elite youth athletes and a need for a more nuanced understanding of their sleep difficulties. This study aimed to (1) examine the differences in sleep characteristics of elite youth athletes by individual and team sports, (2) study the associations between behavioral risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea and caffeine use with sleep quality, and (3) characterize the latent sleep profiles of elite youth athletes to optimize the sleep support strategy. METHODS A group (N = 135) of elite national youth athletes completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and questions pertaining to obstructive sleep apnea, napping behavior, and caffeine use. K-means clustering was used to characterize unique sleep characteristic subgroups based on PSQI components. RESULTS Athletes reported 7.0 (SD = 1.2) hours of sleep. Out of the total group, 45.2% of the athletes had poor quality sleep (PSQI global >5), with team-sport athletes reporting significantly poorer sleep quality than individual-sport athletes. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that sport type significantly correlated with poor sleep quality. The K-means clustering algorithm classified athletes' underlying sleep characteristics into 4 clusters to efficiently identify athletes with similar underlying sleep issues to enhance interventional strategies. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that elite youth team-sport athletes are more susceptible to poorer sleep quality than individual-sport athletes. Clustering methods can help practitioners characterize sleep-related problems and develop efficient athlete support strategies.
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Dall'Acqua F, Cristina-Souza G, Santos-Mariano AC, Bertuzzi R, Rodacki C, Lima-Silva AE. Caffeine ingestion improves specific artistic swimming tasks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10346. [PMID: 33624730 PMCID: PMC7894387 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main movements of artistic swimming demand various physical capacities such as flexibility, strength, power, and muscular endurance. The use of ergogenic resources to potentialize performance in this sport, however, is underexplored and deserves investigation. In the present study, we tested whether caffeine ingestion would improve the execution of movements that are essential in a typical figure competition or routines in artistic swimming (i.e., amplitude in the Ariana, height in the Boost and Barracuda, and time maintained in the Stationary Scull techniques). Sixteen experienced female athlete artistic swimmers (17.4±3.2 years of age, 5.6±2.8 years of artistic swimming practice) performed several movements of artistic swimming after having ingested a capsule containing caffeine (5 mg/kg body mass) or cellulose (placebo). Compared to the placebo, caffeine improved latero-lateral amplitude during the Ariana (P=0.035), the height of the Boost and Barracuda (P=0.028 and 0.009), and maintained duration in Stationary Sculling (P=0.012). Bayes factor analysis, however, indicated substantial evidence of a positive effect of caffeine only on the Barracuda and Stationary Scull techniques. These findings indicated that caffeine improved performance during specific artistic swimming movements. Coaches and athletes should consider caffeine ingestion in their supplementation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Dall'Acqua
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - G Cristina-Souza
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Nutrição e Exercício, Academia do Campus de Passos, Universidade Estadual de Minas Gerais, Passos, MG, Brasil
| | - A C Santos-Mariano
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - R Bertuzzi
- Grupo de Estudos em Desempenho Aeróbio, Departamento de Esporte, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C Rodacki
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - A E Lima-Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento Acadêmico de Educação Física, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Grupo de Pesquisa em Performance Humana, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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25
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Jones JC, Sugimoto D, Kobelski GP, Rao P, Miller S, Koilor C, Corrado GD, Shipon DM. Parameters of cardiac symptoms in young athletes using the Heartbytes database. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2021; 49:37-44. [PMID: 32281468 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2020.1755908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: To determine clinical parameters that are related to abnormal cardiac symptoms in physically active youth. Methods: We used Simon's Heart Heartbytes National Youth Cardiac Registry to collect data from adolescent athletes in southeastern Pennsylvania. We collected age, race/ethnicity, abnormal cardiac symptoms, medical history, medication use, caffeine intake, and family history. We obtained height, weight, blood pressure, cardiac murmur findings, and ECGs. Echocardiogram was obtained if necessary. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent associations between abnormal cardiac symptoms and collected variables. The odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and p-values were used as statistical values. Results: Of the 887 athletes (543 males and 344 females, age = 16.9 ± 2.1 years, height = 166.9 ± 11.4 cm, weight = 62.0 ± 16.0 kg), 186 (21%) had abnormal cardiac symptoms including chest pain, passing out, difficulty breathing, extreme fatigue, and heart race. There was an independent association between abnormal symptoms and a past medical history (OR: 4.77, 95%CI: 3.18, 7.17, p = 0.001) and medication use (OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.08, 2.79, p = 0.022). In medical history, young athletes with asthma showed a greater propensity of abnormal cardiac symptoms (48.9%) compared to young athletes without (14.0%, p = 0.001). Additionally, young athletes with anxiety or depression demonstrated a higher proportion of abnormal cardiac symptoms (48.9%) than those without (19.5%, p = 0.001). Although the association between the presence of abnormal symptoms and African-American race (OR: 2.04, 95%CI: 0.96, 4.35, p = 0.065) and average daily consumption of at least 2 caffeine drinks (OR: 2.08, 95%CI: 0.86, 5.02, p = 0.103) were not significant, there was a trend to reach the a priori significance level. Conclusions: This study identified several clinical parameters that are associated with symptoms suggestive of abnormal cardiac conditions. Larger studies need to be done to better sort out the clinical history that may contribute to false positives to further reduce false positives at heart screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Jones
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention , Waltham, MA, USA.,Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital , Waltham, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dai Sugimoto
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention , Waltham, MA, USA.,Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital , Waltham, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Greggory P Kobelski
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention , Waltham, MA, USA.,Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital , Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Prashant Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stanton Miller
- Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chris Koilor
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals , Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gianmichel D Corrado
- The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention , Waltham, MA, USA.,Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital , Waltham, MA, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Shipon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospitals , Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Carmo KEO, Pérez DIV, Valido CN, Dos Santos JL, Miarka B, Mendes-Netto RS, Leite MMR, Antoniêtto NR, Aedo-Muñoz EA, Brito CJ. Caffeine improves biochemical and specific performance after judo training: a double-blind crossover study in a real judo training situation. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:15. [PMID: 33485363 PMCID: PMC7825225 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional ergogenic aids are foods or nutrients that can improve physical performance. Among these foods with ergogenic properties, caffeine has shown that it can increase the fat catabolism, strength, and improve the cognition and time reaction of an athlete, therefore, it is hoped that it can improve the performance of judokas. This study through a double-blind crossover (supplement X placebo) protocol, investigated the effects caffeine supplementation (single capsule containing 5 mg/kg body mass intake 60 min before the session) on biochemical, anthropometrical, physical, subjective and hemodynamic variables measured before, during and after two typical judo trainingcxs sessions (120-min: 40-min of gymnastics; 40-min of specific technics and; 40-min of judo combat). Methods 8 high-level athletes (21.4 ± 2.0 years; 83.6 ± 15.2 kg; 1.8 ± 0.1 m; 17.9 ± 7.0 Fat%) were evaluated before and after each training for body mass, hydration, upper and lower limb power, performance in the special judo fitness test (SJFT), free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma, uric acid, glucose, lactate, heart rate, and pain. In addition, heart rate, FFA in plasma, uric acid, glucose, lactate, rating of perceived exertion and pain were assessed during the training. Results At 120 min, supplementation resulted in a higher concentration of plasma FFA (1.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 mmol/L; p = 0.047) and lactate (4.9 ± 1.8 vs. 3.0 ± 1.2 mmol/L; p = 0.047), and a lower concentration of uric acid (5.4 ± 0.9 vs. 7.0 ± 1.5 mg/dL; p = 0.04). Supplementation also resulted in performance maintenance (fatigue index) in the SJFT (Δ0.3 ± 2.0 vs Δ1.7 ± 2.5, for caffeine and placebo respectively, p = 0.046). No adverse effects were observed. Conclusion Based on the applied dose, intake time, and sample of this study, we can conclude that caffeine produces an ergogenic biochemical effect, and improves performance in judo athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Ignácio Valenzuela Pérez
- Escuela de Kinesiologia, Magister en Ciencias la Actividad Física y Deportes Aplicadas al Entrenamiento Rehabilitación y Reintegro Deportivo, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Bianca Miarka
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology and Performance in Sports & Combats, School of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Physical Education Post Graduation Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, José Lourenço Kelmer St., Governador Valadares, Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | | | | | - Naiara Ribeiro Antoniêtto
- Physical Education Post Graduation Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, José Lourenço Kelmer St., Governador Valadares, Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | | | - Ciro José Brito
- Physical Education Post Graduation Program, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, José Lourenço Kelmer St., Governador Valadares, Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil.
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López-Ríos L, Wiebe JC, Vega-Morales T, Gericke N. Central nervous system activities of extract Mangifera indica L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112996. [PMID: 32473365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE Leaves of Mangifera indica L. have folk-uses in tropical regions of the world as health teas, as a remedy for exhaustion and fatigue, as a vegetable, and as a medicine. Mangifera indica leaf extract (MLE) had previously been demonstrated to alter brain electrical activity in-vivo. The aim of the present series of studies was to investigate whether mangiferin, a major compound in leaves and in MLE, is responsible for the neurocognitive activity of MLE, and if the CNS activities of MLE have translational potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS MLE, tradename Zynamite, is produced by Nektium Pharma, Spain. Isolated mangiferin was tested in-vitro in radioligand binding and enzyme inhibition studies against 106 CNS targets. Changes in the electroencephalograms (EEG's) of MLE and mangiferin were recorded in-vivo from four brain regions. Two double blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover clinical trials were conducted, each with 16 subjects. At 90 min and at 60 min respectively, after oral intake of 500 mg MLE, EEG recordings, psychometric tests, mood state, and tolerability were studied. RESULTS Isolated mangiferin is a selective inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) with an IC50 of 1.1 μM, with no activity on the CNS targets of caffeine. Both mangiferin and MLE induce similar changes in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus in-vitro, and induce a similar pattern of EEG changes in-vivo. In both translational clinical trials MLE was well tolerated, with no cardiovascular side-effects. In both studies MLE caused significant spectral changes in brain electrical activity in cortical regions during cognitive challenges, different to the attenuated spectral changes induced by caffeine. There were no significant changes in the psychometric tests other than reaction time for all groups. In the second study there was a trend to faster reaction time within group for MLE (p = 0.066) and the percentage improvement in reaction time for MLE compared to placebo was significant (p = 0.049). In the first study MLE improved all scores for Profile of Mood States (POMS), with the score for "fatigue" significantly improved (p = 0.015); in the second study the POMS score for "dejection" was improved in the caffeine group, p = 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Mangiferin is a COMT inhibitor of moderate potency and is the major CNS-active compound in MLE. Both mangiferin and MLE increase hippocampal LTP in-vitro, and induce a similar pattern of changes in brain electrical activity in-vivo. While the translational clinical trials of MLE are limited by being single dose studies in a small number of subjects, they provide the first clinical evidence that the extract is well tolerated with no cardiovascular side-effects, can induce changes in brain electrical activity, may give a faster reaction time, and decrease fatigue. These CNS activities support the reported folk-uses use of mango leaf tea as a substitute for tea and as a traditional remedy for fatigue and exhaustion. Extract Mangifera indica L., Zynamite, has nootropic potential, and larger clinical studies are needed to realise this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura López-Ríos
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Nektium Pharma SL, 35118, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Julia C Wiebe
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Nektium Pharma SL, 35118, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Tanausú Vega-Morales
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Nektium Pharma SL, 35118, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Nigel Gericke
- Department of Research, Development and Innovation, Nektium Pharma SL, 35118, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Brauer AA, Athey AB, Ross MJ, Grandner MA. Sleep and Health Among Collegiate Student Athletes. Chest 2019; 156:1234-1245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Alves ACDB, Bristot VJDO, Limana MD, Speck AE, Barros LSD, Solano AF, Aguiar AS. Role of Adenosine A 2A Receptors in the Central Fatigue of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina de Bem Alves
- Exercise Biology Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | | | - Mirieli Denardi Limana
- Exercise Biology Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Speck
- Exercise Biology Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Soares de Barros
- LABOX—Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Francisco Solano
- LABOX—Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aderbal S. Aguiar
- Exercise Biology Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
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Zaragoza J, Tinsley G, Urbina S, Villa K, Santos E, Juaneza A, Tinnin M, Davidson C, Mitmesser S, Zhang Z, Taylor L. Effects of acute caffeine, theanine and tyrosine supplementation on mental and physical performance in athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:56. [PMID: 31771598 PMCID: PMC6880365 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited amount of research has demonstrated beneficial effects of caffeine and theanine supplementation for enhancement of mental performance. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the acute ingestion of a supplement containing caffeine, theanine and tyrosine improves mental and physical performance in athletes. METHODS Twenty current or former male collegiate athletes (age: 20.5 ± 1.4 y; height: 1.82 ± 0.08 m; weight: 83.9 ± 12.6 kg; body fat: 13.8 ± 5.6%) completed this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. After familiarization, each participant completed two identical testing sessions with provision of a proprietary dietary supplement (SUP) containing caffeine theanine and tyrosine or a placebo (PL). Within each testing session, participants completed assessments of mental and physical performance before and after provision of SUP or PL, as well as after two rounds of exercise. Assessments were performed using a performance testing device (Makoto Arena) that evaluated multiple aspects of mental and physical performance in response to auditory and visual stimuli. Testing was performed both with the body in a static position and during dynamic movement. General linear models were used to evaluate the effects of SUP and PL on performance. RESULTS Changes in movement accuracy during performance assessment were greater following SUP ingestion as compared to PL for both static and dynamic testing (SUP: + 0.4 to 7.5%; PL: - 1.4 to 1.4% on average; p < 0.05). For dynamic testing, the change in number of targets hit was higher and the change in average hit time was lower with SUP as compared to PL (p < 0.05). However, there were no differences between conditions for the changes in number of targets hit or average hit time during static testing. There were no differences in changes of subjective variables during either condition, and performance measures during the two rounds of exercise did not differ between conditions (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION The present results indicate that a combination of a low-dose of caffeine with theanine and tyrosine may improve athletes' movement accuracy surrounding bouts of exhaustive exercise without altering subjective variables. Based on this finding, supplementation with caffeine, theanine and tyrosine could potentially hold ergogenic value for athletes in sports requiring rapid and accurate movements. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03019523. Registered 24 January 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Zaragoza
- School of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Grant Tinsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Stacie Urbina
- Guardian Premiere Solutions Special Warfare, San Antonio, TX, 78236, USA
| | - Katelyn Villa
- School of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Emily Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX, 76508, USA
| | - Angelie Juaneza
- School of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Matthias Tinnin
- School of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA
| | - Cory Davidson
- Department of Nutrition & Scientific Affairs, The Nature's Bounty Co., 2100 Smithtown Ave, Ronkonkoma, NY, 11779, USA
| | - Susan Mitmesser
- Department of Nutrition & Scientific Affairs, The Nature's Bounty Co., 2100 Smithtown Ave, Ronkonkoma, NY, 11779, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Scientific Affairs, The Nature's Bounty Co., 2100 Smithtown Ave, Ronkonkoma, NY, 11779, USA
| | - Lem Taylor
- School of Exercise & Sports Science, Human Performance Lab, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, 76513, USA.
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Coswig V, Sant' Ana J, Coelho MN, Pereira Moro AR, Diefenthaeler F. Development of a Mobile Phone App for Measuring Striking Response Time in Combat Sports: Cross-Sectional Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e14641. [PMID: 31710294 PMCID: PMC6878103 DOI: 10.2196/14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TReaction is a mobile app developed to determine strike response time at low cost and with easy application in combat sports. However, the validity and accuracy of the response time obtained by the TReaction app has not yet been evaluated. Objective This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the TReaction app in measuring motor response time in combat sports. Methods A total of two athletes performed 59 strikes to assess the response time upon visual stimulus using the TReaction app simultaneously with a high-speed camera. Accuracy of the measure was verified using a computer simulator programmed to discharge visual stimuli and obtain the response time. Pearson correlation, Student t test for dependent samples, and the Bland-Altman analysis were performed. Accuracy was verified using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Effect size (g) and the typical error of measurement (TEM) were calculated. The significance level was set at P<.05. Results No significant difference (P=.56) was found between both systems. The methods presented a very strong correlation (r=0.993). The magnitude of differences was trivial (g<0.25), and TEM was 1.4%. These findings indicate a high accuracy between the computer screen and the mobile app measures to determine the beginning of the task and the response time. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the TReaction app is a valid tool to evaluate the response time in combat sports athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Coswig
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Departamento de Educação Física, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Jader Sant' Ana
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Educação Física, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Diefenthaeler
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Educação Física, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Tavanai E, Farahani S, Ghahraman MA, Soleimanian S, Jalaie S. Effects of Caffeine on Auditory- and Vestibular-Evoked Potentials in Healthy Individuals: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. J Audiol Otol 2019; 24:10-16. [PMID: 31671933 PMCID: PMC6949482 DOI: 10.7874/jao.2019.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The blockage of adenosine receptors by caffeine changes the levels of neurotransmitters. These receptors are present in all parts of the body, including the auditory and vestibular systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of caffeine on evoked potentials using auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Subjects and METHODS Forty individuals (20 females and 20 males; aged 18-25 years) were randomly assigned to two groups: the test group (consuming 3 mg/kg pure caffeine powder with little sugar and dry milk in 100 mL of water), and the placebo group (consuming only sugar and dry milk in 100 mL water as placebo). The cVEMPs and ABRs were recorded before and after caffeine or placebo intake. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in the absolute latencies of I and III (p<0.010), and V (p<0.001) and in the inter-peak latencies of III-V and I-V (p<0.001) of ABRs wave. In contrast, no significant difference was found in cVEMP parameters (P13 and N23 latency, threshold, P13-N23 amplitude, and amplitude ratio). The mean amplitudes of P13-N23 showed an increase after caffeine ingestion. However, this was not significant compared with the placebo group (p>0.050). CONCLUSIONS It seems that the extent of caffeine's effects varies for differently evoked potentials. Latency reduction in ABRs indicates that caffeine improves transmission in the central brain auditory pathways. However, different effects of caffeine on auditory- and vestibular-evoked potentials could be attributed to the differences in sensitivities of the ABR and cVEMP tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Tavanai
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Farahani
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Adel Ghahraman
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saleheh Soleimanian
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Jalaie
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rezaei S, Akbari K, Gahreman DE, Sarshin A, Tabben M, Kaviani M, Sadeghinikoo A, Koozehchian MS, Naderi A. Caffeine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation alone or together improve karate performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:44. [PMID: 31623659 PMCID: PMC6798418 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ergogenic properties of acute caffeine (CAF) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on athletic performance have been previously investigated. However, each sport has unique physiological and technical characteristics which warrants optimizing supplementations strategies for maximizing performance. This study examined the effects of CAF and NaHCO3 ingestion on physiological responses and rate of perceived exertion during a Karate-specific aerobic test (KSAT) in competitive karatekas. Methods In a double-blind, crossover, randomized placebo-controlled trial, eight Karatekas underwent five experimental conditions including control (CON), placebo (PLA), CAF, NaHCO3, and CAF + NaHCO3 before completing KSAT. Capsules containing 6 mg/kg BW CAF were consumed 50 min prior to a KSAT whilst 0.3 g/kg BW NaHCO3 was consumed for 3 days leading to and 120, 90, and 60 min prior to a KSAT. Time to exhaustion (TTE), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate (BL) were measured before, immediately after and 3 min following KSAT. Results TTE was significantly greater following CAF, NaHCO3, and CAF + NaHCO3 consumption compared to PLA and CON. However, the differences between CAF, NaHCO3, and CAF + NaHCO3 were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). BL increased significantly from baseline to immediately after and 3 min following KSAT in all conditions (p < 0.01), while RPE at the end of KSAT was not significantly different between conditions (p = 0.11). Conclusions Karate practitioners may benefit from the ergogenic effects of CAF and NaHCO3 when consumed separately or together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Rezaei
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Akbari
- Department of exercise physiology, Faculty of Physical education and sport sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. .,Raad Sports Club, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Daniel E Gahreman
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Amir Sarshin
- Faculty of Physical education and sport sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Montassar Tabben
- Aspetar, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Majid S Koozehchian
- Department of Kinesiology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, 36265, USA
| | - Alireza Naderi
- Sports Physiology Department, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd Branch, Boroujerd, Iran
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Caffeine Supplementation Improves Anaerobic Performance and Neuromuscular Efficiency and Fatigue in Olympic-Level Boxers. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092120. [PMID: 31492050 PMCID: PMC6769736 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND this study examined the effects of caffeine supplementation on anaerobic performance, neuromuscular efficiency and upper and lower extremities fatigue in Olympic-level boxers. METHODS Eight male athletes, members of the Spanish National Olympic Team, were enrolled in the study. In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design, the athletes completed 2 test sessions after the intake of caffeine (6 mg·kg-1) or placebo. Sessions involved initial measures of lactate, handgrip and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, followed by a 30-seconds Wingate test, and then final measures of the previous variables. During the sessions, electromiography (EMG) data were recorded on the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius lateral head and tibialis anterior. RESULTS caffeine enhanced peak power (6.27%, p < 0.01; Effect Size (ES) = 1.26), mean power (5.21%; p < 0.01; ES = 1.29) and reduced the time needed to reach peak power (-9.91%, p < 0.01; ES = 0.58) in the Wingate test, improved jump height in the CMJ (+2.4 cm, p < 0.01), and improved neuromuscular efficiency at peak power in the vastus lateralis (ES = 1.01) and gluteus maximus (ES = 0.89), and mean power in the vastus lateralis (ES = 0.95) and tibialis anterior (ES = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS in these Olympic-level boxers, caffeine supplementation improved anaerobic performance without affecting EMG activity and fatigue levels in the lower limbs. Further benefits observed were enhanced neuromuscular efficiency in some muscles and improved reaction speed.
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Durkalec-Michalski K, Nowaczyk PM, Główka N, Grygiel A. Dose-dependent effect of caffeine supplementation on judo-specific performance and training activity: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:38. [PMID: 31488190 PMCID: PMC6727401 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caffeine (CAF) supplementation could have a positive impact on physical performance and sport abilities. Nevertheless, the CAF-induced, dose-dependent influence on discipline-specific performance and combat activity in combat sports have not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of single ingestion of 3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body weight of CAF and placebo (PLA) on judo-specific performance and sparring combat activities. Methods In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design, acute pre-exercise supplementation with CAF (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body weight) and placebo PLA in 22 male highly-trained judoists was examined. The study protocol involved five separate testing sessions using the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) with heart rate monitoring, three judo sparring combats and evaluation of the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) using the Borg scale. Results Six and 9 mg/kg CAF improved SJFT performance, while 9 mg/kg increased combat activity. Three mg/kg CAF lacked any apparent positive ergogenic effect. Among athletes, who include CAF-containing products in their habitual diet (consumers), only 9 mg/kg CAF effectively enhanced SJFT performance, while in those who do not consume CAF-containing products at regular basis (non-consumers), the enhancing effect was achieved even at 6 mg/kg. Conclusions Regarding combat sports, higher (6–9 mg/kg) than currently recommended CAF dosages (3–6 mg/kg) are apparently more effective in terms of judo-specific performance. However, the ergogenic CAF effect is not only dose-dependent, but it is also related to customary CAF consumption. Trial registration Clinical Trials Gov, NCT03822663. Registered 28 January 2019 - Retrospectively registered Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12970-019-0305-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland. .,Department of Food and Nutrition, Poznan University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Paulina M Nowaczyk
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Główka
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Grygiel
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznań, Poland
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Caffeine Supplementation: Ergogenic in Both High and Low Caffeine Responders. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:650-657. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Inconsistent results among studies examining the effects of caffeine on exercise performance are potentially due to interindividual variability in biological responses to caffeine ingestion. The aims, therefore, of the present study were to identify high and low caffeine responders and compare the influence of caffeine on exercise performance and biological responses between groups during a simulated soccer-game protocol on treadmill. Methods: Well-trained soccer players were distinguished as high (n = 11) and low (n = 9) caffeine responders based on resting blood pressure, plasma glycerol, nonesterified fatty acid, and epinephrine responses to caffeine. Participants underwent 2 simulated soccer-game protocols on a treadmill after caffeine (6 mg·kg−1) or placebo ingestion. Exercise performance and several biological responses were evaluated. Results: Exercise performance did not differ between the high and low responders to caffeine (P > .05). However, time to fatigue (high, caffeine: 797 [201] s vs placebo: 487 [258] s; low, caffeine: 625 [357] s vs placebo 447 [198] s) and countermovement jump (high, caffeine: 42.1 [5.5] cm vs placebo: 40.5 [5.7] cm; low, caffeine: 41.0 [3.8] cm vs placebo: 38.8 [4.6] cm) improved with caffeine relative to placebo (P < .001). Rating of perceived exertion was lower (P < .001) in high (13.4 [2.3]) than in low responders (14.3 [2.4]) with caffeine ingestion. Conclusions: Caffeine improved aerobic endurance and neuromuscular performance in well-trained soccer players regardless of their responsiveness to caffeine at rest. Since no changes in substrate utilization were found with caffeine supplementation, performance improvements could be attributed to positive effects on the central nervous system and/or neuromuscular function, although the precise mechanism remains unclear.
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Ranchordas MK, Pratt H, Parsons M, Parry A, Boyd C, Lynn A. Effect of caffeinated gum on a battery of rugby-specific tests in trained university-standard male rugby union players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:17. [PMID: 30971276 PMCID: PMC6458642 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caffeine has been shown to enhance strength, power and endurance, characteristics that underpin performance in rugby. Caffeinated gum has attracted interest as a novel vehicle for delivering caffeine, because absorption of caffeine from gum is quick. Rapid absorption of caffeine may be useful during rugby matches when there is limited time for supplementation such as at half-time or when substitutes enter play. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a low dose of caffeine in gum improves performance in a battery of rugby-specific tests. Methods In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 17 male university-standard rugby players (mass: 85.6 ± 6.3 kg; height: 179.4 ± 6.2 cm; age: 20.4 ± 1.2 years) chewed caffeinated gum (200 mg caffeine) or a placebo gum on two occasions separated by a week. After a standardized warm-up, gum was chewed for 5 min. Subsequently, participants performed three countermovement jumps, followed by an Illinois agility test, 6 × 30 m repeated sprints, and the Yo-Yo IR-2 test; each test was separated by short rest periods. Results Caffeinated gum enhanced countermovement jump by 3.6% (caffeine: 43.7 ± 7.6 cm vs. placebo: 42.2 ± 6.2 cm; d = 0.22, 95% CI [0.006, 0.432]; p = 0.044). There was a greater resistance to fatigue during the 6 × 30 m repeated sprint test (fatigue index caffeine: 102.2 ± 0.9% vs. placebo: 103.3 ± 1.2%; d = 1.03, 95% CI [0.430, 1.613]; p = 0.001), and performance on the Yo-Yo IR2 was improved by 14.5% (caffeine: 426 ± 105 m, placebo: 372 ± 91 m; d = 0.55, 95% CI [0.130, 0.957]; p = 0.010). Caffeine gum had no significant effect on the Illinois agility test (caffeine 16.22 ± 1.08 s vs. placebo 15.88 ± 1.09 s; d = − 0.31, 95% CI [− 0.855, 0.240]; p = 0.271). Conclusions In university-standard rugby players, a low dose of caffeine (200 mg) supplied in chewing gum enhanced performance on the Yo-Yo IR-2 test and the countermovement jump test and reduced fatigue index during repeated sprints. These improvements in a battery of rugby-specific tests may transfer to enhanced performance in rugby matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Ranchordas
- Academy of Sport and Physical Acitivty, Faculty of Health & Wellebing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
| | - H Pratt
- Academy of Sport and Physical Acitivty, Faculty of Health & Wellebing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | - M Parsons
- Academy of Sport and Physical Acitivty, Faculty of Health & Wellebing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | - A Parry
- Academy of Sport and Physical Acitivty, Faculty of Health & Wellebing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | - C Boyd
- Academy of Sport and Physical Acitivty, Faculty of Health & Wellebing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | - A Lynn
- Food Group, Sheffield Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Saldanha da Silva Athayde M, Kons RL, Detanico D. An Exploratory Double-Blind Study of Caffeine Effects on Performance and Perceived Exertion in Judo. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 126:515-529. [PMID: 30760161 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519826726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of caffeine ingestion during judo matches on judo athletes' match-derived performance and perceived exertion responses. We applied a double-blind randomized crossover (caffeine vs. placebo conditions) research design. Twelve male athletes performed three 5-minute matches separated by 15 minutes of passive rest. Immediately after each match, the athletes completed ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs), and one minute before beginning the second and third matches, they provided ratings of perceived recovery (RPRs). We filmed all matches for subsequent analysis of the athletes' technical skills. We found no interaction between condition and time of RPE, RPR, and match-derived technical variables, but number of attacks and RPR decreased over the matches, and RPE increased in both conditions. Three participants showed individual positive responses to caffeine ingestion for number of attacks. Attacks, efficiency, and effectiveness presented low sensitivity in both conditions, as only large changes could be identified. We conclude that caffeine ingestion did not provoke changes in either perceived exertion or match-derived performance. Match-derived technical variables were not sensitive for detecting small or medium effects of caffeine, but perceived exertion may detect at least medium effect after caffeine ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael L Kons
- 1 Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniele Detanico
- 1 Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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López-González LM, Sánchez-Oliver AJ, Mata F, Jodra P, Antonio J, Domínguez R. Acute caffeine supplementation in combat sports: a systematic review. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:60. [PMID: 30594211 PMCID: PMC6310931 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine used as a supplement has been shown to improve physical and cognitive performance in several sport modalities due to its effects on the central nervous system. This review assesses the direct effects of caffeine supplementation on performance in combat sports. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, relevant studies were identified through the Medline, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases. Of 1053 search results, only 9 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, three studies detected no ergogenic effect of caffeine supplementation, while six studies did observe a significant positive effect. Supplementation with 3-6 mg/kg of caffeine was found to increase the glycolytic contribution to energy metabolism during the execution of real or simulated combats, as indicated by elevated blood lactate concentrations. Caffeine intake was also noted to improve levels of strength, power and upper arm muscular endurance. These effects were not paralleled by an increase in the exertion perceived by the athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio J Sánchez-Oliver
- Area of Human Motricity and Sports Performance. Faculty of Education Sciences, Seville University, c/Pirotecnia s/n, Seville, Spain. .,Sport Departament. School of Sport Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Pablo Jodra
- Department of Education Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain
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Bridge CA, Sparks AS, McNaughton LR, Close GL, Hausen M, Gurgel J, Drust B. Repeated Exposure to Taekwondo Combat Modulates the Physiological and Hormonal Responses to Subsequent Bouts and Recovery Periods. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:2529-2541. [PMID: 29781933 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bridge, CA, Sparks, SA, McNaughton, LR, Close, GL, Hausen, M, Gurgel, J, and Drust, B. Repeated exposure to taekwondo combat modulates the physiological and hormonal responses to subsequent bouts and recovery periods. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2529-2541, 2018-This study examined the physiological and hormonal responses to successive taekwondo combats using an ecologically valid competition time structure. Ten elite male international taekwondo competitors (age 19 ± 3 years) took part in a simulated championship event. The competitors performed 4 combats that were interspersed with different recovery intervals (63 ± 4, 31 ± 3 and 156 ± 5 minutes, respectively). Heart rate (HR) was measured during the combats and venous blood samples were obtained both before and after each combat to determine the plasma metabolite and hormone concentrations. The plasma noradrenaline (21.8 ± 12.8 vs. 15.0 ± 7.0 nmol·l) and lactate (13.9 ± 4.2 vs. 10.5 ± 3.2 mmol·l) responses were attenuated (p < 0.05) between combat 1 and 4. Higher (p < 0.05) HR responses were evident in the final combat when compared with the earlier combats. Higher (p < 0.05) resting HR (139 ± 10 vs. 127 ± 12 b·min), plasma lactate (3.1 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.7 mmol·l), glycerol (131 ± 83 vs. 56 ± 38 μmol·l) and nonesterified free fatty acid (0.95 ± 0.29 vs. 0.71 ± 0.28 mmol·l) concentrations were measured before combat 3 compared with combat 1. Repeated exposure to taekwondo combat using an ecologically valid time structure modulates the physiological and hormonal responses to subsequent bouts and recovery periods. Strategies designed to assist competitors to effectively manage the metabolic changes associated with the fight schedule and promote recovery between the bouts may be important during championship events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Bridge
- Sports Performance Research Group, Edge Hill University, Wilson Center, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Andy S Sparks
- Sports Performance Research Group, Edge Hill University, Wilson Center, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Lars R McNaughton
- Sports Performance Research Group, Edge Hill University, Wilson Center, Ormskirk, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Matheus Hausen
- Graduate Program, Cardiovascular Sciences, Medical Science Center, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Jonas Gurgel
- Graduate Program, Cardiovascular Sciences, Medical Science Center, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Barry Drust
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Effects of Caffeinated Gum on a Battery of Soccer-Specific Tests in Trained University-Standard Male Soccer Players. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:629-634. [DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Negaresh R, Del Coso J, Mokhtarzade M, Lima-Silva AE, Baker JS, Willems MET, Talebvand S, Khodadoost M, Farhani F. Effects of different dosages of caffeine administration on wrestling performance during a simulated tournament. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:499-507. [PMID: 30378465 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1534990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different forms of caffeine administration on physical performance during a simulated wrestling tournament. In a double-blind and randomized experiment, twelve male freestyle wrestlers competed in a simulated wrestling tournament (5 wrestling matches consisting of 2 × 3-min wrestling rounds) following the ingestion of: a placebo, a high-dose of caffeine (10 mg/kg), a moderate-dose caffeine (4 mg/kg), a repeated-dose caffeine (2 mg/kg before each match to a total of 10 mg/kg) or a selective caffeine administration based on performance decrement previously measured (6.16 ± 1.58 mg/kg). The Pittsburgh Wrestling Performance Test (PWPT) was measured before each match to assess physical performance. In comparison to the placebo, the high dose of caffeine only reduced PWPT time before the first match (56.8 ± 2.0 vs. 52.9 ± 1.8 s; p < .05). The moderate dose of caffeine did not affect PWPT performance during the tournament. Both, the repeated dose and the selective administration of caffeine reduced PWPT time with respect to the placebo in the third (66.7 ± 1.8 vs. 63.1 ± 1.4 s; p < .05) and fourth matches (72.3 ± 2.4 vs. 65.9 ± 1.3 s; p < .05). However, only the selective dose of caffeine reduced PWPT time before the fifth match (62.7 ± 3.0 vs. 56.3 ± 2.0; p < .05). The dosage and administration of caffeine affect the ergogenic effects obtained following the ingestion of this substance. An individualized protocol to provide caffeine when physical performance is expected to be reduced might improve wrestling performance during the latter stages of a tournament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoof Negaresh
- a Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Juan Del Coso
- b Exercise Physiology Laboratory , Camilo José Cela University , Madrid , Spain
| | - Motahare Mokhtarzade
- a Department of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities , Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | | | - Julien S Baker
- d Applied Physiology Research Laboratory, School of Health and Life Sciences , University of the West of Scotland , Scotland , UK
| | - Mark E T Willems
- e Institute of Sport , University of Chichester , Chichester , UK
| | - Sina Talebvand
- f Department of Sports Physiology , Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz , Ahvaz , Iran
| | - Mostafa Khodadoost
- g Department of Physical Education Abadan branch , Islamic Azad University , Abadan , Iran
| | - Farid Farhani
- h Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences , Kharazmi University , Tehran , Iran
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Coswig VS, Gentil P, Irigon F, Del Vecchio FB. Caffeine ingestion changes time-motion and technical-tactical aspects in simulated boxing matches: A randomized double-blind PLA-controlled crossover study. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:975-983. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1465599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Silveira Coswig
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Francine Irigon
- Department of Physical Education, Superior School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio
- Department of Physical Education, Superior School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Slimani M, Davis P, Franchini E, Moalla W. Rating of Perceived Exertion for Quantification of Training and Combat Loads During Combat Sport-Specific Activities: A Short Review. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2889-2902. [PMID: 28933715 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this short review was to summarize data pertaining to the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) methods (RPE value and session-RPE) during combat sport-specific activities (i.e., competition and training) based on many factors, including contest type (i.e., official vs. simulated vs. training), combat rounds, age of participants and muscle groups, and their correlation with physiological variables (i.e., blood lactate concentration [La] and heart rate [HR]). The current review shows higher RPE in a match of mixed martial arts (MMAs) than Brazilian jiu-jitsu and kickboxing matches and during the competitive period compared with the precompetitive period. This could be explained by the longer duration of bouts, the higher percentage contribution of aerobic metabolism in MMA than other combat sports and contest type differences (simulated vs. official matches). Thus, this review found significant correlations between RPE or session-RPE, [La] and HR. Particularly, there was a stronger correlation between RPE and [La] during official striking (r = 0.81) than grappling combat sports matches (r = 0.53). In addition, a variation of correlation (moderate to large) between session-RPE and HR-based methods has been reported (i.e., Edwards' training load [r ranged between 0.58 and 0.95] and Banister training impulse [r ranged between 0.52 and 0.86]). Specifically, stronger correlation was apparent in combat sport competition that required a much higher percentage contribution of aerobic metabolism (e.g., karate) and in adult athletes than anaerobic-based combat sports (e.g., taekwondo) and young athletes, respectively. Indeed, the current review highlights that the correlations between session-RPE and HR-based methods were higher during official competition than training sessions. Session-RPE was affected by participants' competitive level, the intensity of session (high vs. low), the training modalities (tactical-technical vs. technical-development vs. simulated competition), and the training volume in combat sports athletes. Rating of perceived exertion is a valid tool for quantifying internal training and combat loads during short- and long-term training and simulated and official competitions in novice and elite combat sport athletes. Furthermore, both RPE methods may be a more reliable measure of intensity or effort when both anaerobic and aerobic systems are appreciably activated. Coaches, sports scientists, and athletes can use session-RPE method to quantify short-term training and combat loads in adult athletes during precompetitive period much more than long-term training and in young athletes during the competitive period. They can also use RPE to monitor combat and short- and long-term training loads to better plan and assist training programs and competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maamer Slimani
- 1Research Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", National Center of Medicine and Science in Sport (CNMSS), El Menzah, Tunisia;2Combat Sports Performance, Braintree, Essex, United Kingdom;3Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and4UR15JS01 EM2S: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Horníková H, Doležajová L, Zemková E. Playing table tennis contributes to better agility performance in middle-aged and older subjects. ACTA GYMNICA 2018. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Dunican IC, Higgins CC, Jones MJ, Clarke MW, Murray K, Dawson B, Caldwell JA, Halson SL, Eastwood PR. Caffeine use in a Super Rugby game and its relationship to post-game sleep. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:513-523. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1433238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Dunican
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Maddison J. Jones
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael W. Clarke
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Brian Dawson
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Shona L. Halson
- Department of Physiology, The Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter R. Eastwood
- Centre for Sleep Science, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Lopes-Silva JP, Da Silva Santos JF, Artioli GG, Loturco I, Abbiss C, Franchini E. Sodium bicarbonate ingestion increases glycolytic contribution and improves performance during simulated taekwondo combat. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:431-440. [PMID: 29355092 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1424942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on performance and estimated energy system contribution during simulated taekwondo combat. METHODS Nine taekwondo athletes completed two experimental sessions separated by at least 48 h. Athletes consumed 300 mg/kg body mass of NaHCO3 or placebo (CaCO3) 90 min before the combat simulation (three rounds of 2 min separated by 1 min passive recovery), in a double-blind, randomized, repeated-measures crossover design. All simulated combat was filmed to quantify the time spent fighting in each round. Lactate concentration [La-] and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before and after each round, whereas heart rate (HR) and the estimated contribution of the oxidative (WOXI), ATP (adenosine triphosphate)-phosphocreatine (PCr) (WPCR), and glycolytic (W[La-]) systems were calculated during the combat simulation. RESULTS [La-] increased significantly after NaHCO3 ingestion, when compared with the placebo condition (+14%, P = 0.04, d = 3.70). NaHCO3 ingestion resulted in greater estimated glycolytic energy contribution in the first round when compared with the placebo condition (+31%, P = 0.01, d = 3.48). Total attack time was significantly greater after NaHCO3 when compared with placebo (+13%, P = 0.05, d = 1.15). WOXI, WPCR, VO2, HR and RPE were not different between conditions (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION NaHCO3 ingestion was able to increase the contribution of glycolytic metabolism and, therefore, improve performance during simulated taekwondo combat.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Lopes-Silva
- a Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical and Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Jonatas Ferreira Da Silva Santos
- a Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical and Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Guilherme Giannini Artioli
- b Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham , UK
| | - Irineu Loturco
- c NAR-Nucleus of High Performance in Sport , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Chris Abbiss
- d Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Medical & Health Science , Edith Cowan University , Joondalup , Australia
| | - Emerson Franchini
- a Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical and Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Salinero JJ, Lara B, Ruiz-Vicente D, Areces F, Puente-Torres C, Gallo-Salazar C, Pascual T, Del Coso J. CYP1A2 Genotype Variations Do Not Modify the Benefits and Drawbacks of Caffeine during Exercise: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030269. [PMID: 28287486 PMCID: PMC5372932 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations have determined that some individuals have minimal or even ergolytic performance effects after caffeine ingestion. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the genetic variations of the CYP1A2 gene on the performance enhancement effects of ingesting a moderate dose of caffeine. In a double-blind randomized experimental design, 21 healthy active participants (29.3 ± 7.7 years) ingested 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass or a placebo in testing sessions separated by one week. Performance in the 30 s Wingate test, visual attention, and side effects were evaluated. DNA was obtained from whole blood samples and the CYP1A2 polymorphism was analyzed (rs762551). We obtained two groups: AA homozygotes (n = 5) and C-allele carriers (n = 16). Caffeine ingestion increased peak power (682 ± 140 vs. 667 ± 137 W; p = 0.008) and mean power during the Wingate test (527 ± 111 vs. 518 ± 111 W; p < 0.001) with no differences between AA homozygotes and C-allele carriers (p > 0.05). Reaction times were similar between caffeine and placebo conditions (276 ± 31 vs. 269 ± 71 milliseconds; p = 0.681) with no differences between AA homozygotes and C-allele carriers. However, 31.3% of the C-allele carriers reported increased nervousness after caffeine ingestion, while none of the AA homozygotes perceived this side effect. Genetic variations of the CYP1A2 polymorphism did not affect the ergogenic effects and drawbacks derived from the ingestion of a moderate dose of caffeine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Salinero
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Lara
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain.
| | - Diana Ruiz-Vicente
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain.
| | - Francisco Areces
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain.
| | - Carlos Puente-Torres
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain.
| | - César Gallo-Salazar
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain.
| | - Teodoro Pascual
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain.
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid 28692, Spain.
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McLellan TM, Caldwell JA, Lieberman HR. A review of caffeine’s effects on cognitive, physical and occupational performance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:294-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Pomportes L, Brisswalter J, Hays A, Davranche K. Effect of Carbohydrate Intake on Maximal Power Output and Cognitive Performances. Sports (Basel) 2016; 4:sports4040049. [PMID: 29910297 PMCID: PMC5968900 DOI: 10.3390/sports4040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the beneficial effect of acute carbohydrate (7% CHO) intake on muscular and cognitive performances. Seventeen high levels athletes in explosive sports (fencing and squash) participated in a randomized, double-blind study consisting in series of 6 sprints (5s) with a passive recovery (25s) followed by 15 min submaximal cycling after either maltodextrine and fructose (CHO) or placebo (Pl) intake. Cognitive performances were assessed before and after sprint exercise using a simple reaction time (SRT) task at rest, a visual scanning task (VS) and a Go/Nogo task (GNG) during a submaximal cycling exercise. Results showed a beneficial effect of exercise on VS task on both conditions (Pl: −283 ms; CHO: −423 ms) and on SRT only during CHO condition (−26 ms). In the CHO condition, SRT was faster after exercise whereas no effect of exercise was observed in the Pl condition. According to a qualitative statistical method, a most likely and likely positive effect of CHO was respectively observed on peak power (+4%) and tiredness (−23%) when compared to Pl. Furthermore, a very likely positive effect of CHO was observed on SRT (−8%) and a likely positive effect on visual scanning (−6%) and Go/Nogo tasks (−4%) without any change in accuracy. In conclusion acute ingestion of 250 mL of CHO, 60 min and 30 min before exercise, improve peak power output, decrease muscular tiredness and speed up information processing and visual detection without changing accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pomportes
- Université Cote d'Azur, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé, Nice 06205, France.
- CREPS PACA, Aix en Provence 13098, France.
| | - Jeanick Brisswalter
- Université Cote d'Azur, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé, Nice 06205, France.
| | - Arnaud Hays
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM, Marseille 13288, France.
| | - Karen Davranche
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LPC UMR 7290, Marseille 13331, France.
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