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Singh A, Singh J, Parween G, Khator R, Monga V. A comprehensive review of apigenin a dietary flavonoid: biological sources, nutraceutical prospects, chemistry and pharmacological insights and health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-37. [PMID: 39154213 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2390550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
A multitude of plant-derived bioactive compounds have shown significant promise in preventing chronic illnesses, with flavonoids constituting a substantial class of naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds. Apigenin, a flavone identified as 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone, holds immense promise as a preventative agent against chronic illnesses. Despite its extensive research and recognized nutraceutical value, its therapeutic application remains underexplored, necessitating further clinical investigations. This review delves into the biological sources, nutraceutical prospects, chemistry, pharmacological insights, and health benefits of apigenin. Through multifaceted analytical studies, we explore its diverse pharmacological profile and potential therapeutic applications across various health domains. The manuscript comprehensively examines apigenin's role as a neuroprotective , anti-inflammatory compound, and a potent antioxidant agent. Additionally, its efficacy in combating cardiovascular diseases, anti-diabetic properties, and anticancer potential has been discussed. Furthermore, the antimicrobial attributes and the challenges surrounding its bioavailability, particularly from herbal supplements have been addressed. Available in diverse forms including tablets, capsules, solid dispersions, co-crystals, inclusion complexes and nano formulations. Additionally, it is prevalent as a nutraceutical supplement in herbal formulations. While strides have been made in overcoming pharmacokinetic hurdles, further research into apigenin's clinical effectiveness and bioavailability from herbal supplements remains imperative for its widespread utilization in preventive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Singh
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Jagjit Singh
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Gulistan Parween
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Rakesh Khator
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Drug Design and Molecular Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, VPO-Ghudda, Bathinda, India
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Wu L, Qu J, Mou L, Liu C. Apigenin improves testosterone synthesis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117075. [PMID: 38964181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic among reproductive-age men, which can cause and exacerbate male infertility by means of associated comorbidities, endocrine abnormalities, and direct effects on the fidelity and throughput of spermatogenesis. A prominent consequence of male obesity is a reduction in testosterone levels. Natural products have shown tremendous potential anti-obesity effects in metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential of apigenin (AP) to alleviate testicular dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms, focusing on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and testosterone synthesis. A murine model of obesity was established using HFD-fed mice. The effects of AP on obesity, lipid metabolism, testicular dysfunction, and ERS were assessed through various physiological, histological, and molecular techniques. Administration of AP (10 mg/kg) ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and testicular dysfunction in a mouse model, as evidenced by decreased body weight, improved lipid profiles and testicular pathology, and restored protein levels related to testosterone. Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated that AP relieved ERS and recovered testosterone synthesis in murine Leydig cells (TM3) treated with free fatty acids (FFAs). It was also observed that AP rescued testosterone synthesis enzymes in TM3 cells, similar to that observed with the inhibitor of the PERK pathway (GSK2606414). In addition, ChIP, qPCR, and gene silencing showed that the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) bound directly to the promoter region of steroidogenic STAR and negatively modulated its expression. Collectively, AP has remarkable potential to alleviate HFD-induced obesity and testicular dysfunction. Its protective effects are attributable partly to mitigating ERS and restoring testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, China; Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400021, China; Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical School of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China; Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Jiayuan Qu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Li Mou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Changjiang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing 401120, China.
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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alharbi HOA, AlSuhaymi N, Alsugoor MH, Aldakheel FM, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Apigenin: A Bioflavonoid with a Promising Role in Disease Prevention and Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1353. [PMID: 38927560 PMCID: PMC11202028 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a powerful flavone compound found in numerous fruits and vegetables, and it offers numerous health-promoting benefits. Many studies have evidenced that this compound has a potential role as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound, making it a promising candidate for reducing the risk of pathogenesis. It has also been found to positively affect various systems in the body, such as the respiratory, digestive, immune, and reproductive systems. Apigenin is effective in treating liver, lung, heart, kidney, neurological diseases, diabetes, and maintaining good oral and skin health. Multiple studies have reported that this compound is capable of suppressing various types of cancer through the induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, suppressing cell migration and invasion, reduction of inflammation, and inhibiting angiogenesis. When used in combination with other drugs, apigenin increases their efficacy, reduces the risk of side effects, and improves the response to chemotherapy. This review broadly analyzes apigenin's potential in disease management by modulating various biological activities. In addition, this review also described apigenin's interaction with other compounds or drugs and the potential role of nanoformulation in different pathogeneses. Further extensive research is needed to explore the mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy of this compound in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
| | - Hajed Obaid A. Alharbi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
| | - Naif AlSuhaymi
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Mahdi H. Alsugoor
- Department of Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Health Sciences, AlQunfudah, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21912, Saudi Arabia (M.H.A.)
| | - Fahad M. Aldakheel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (K.S.A.); (A.A.); (H.O.A.A.)
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Bouyahya A, Balahbib A, Khalid A, Makeen HA, Alhazmi HA, Albratty M, Hermansyah A, Ming LC, Goh KW, El Omari N. Clinical applications and mechanism insights of natural flavonoids against type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29718. [PMID: 38694079 PMCID: PMC11061711 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex disease that affects a large percentage of the world's population, and it is associated with several risk factors. Self-management poses a significant challenge, but natural sources have shown great potential in providing effective glucose reducing solutions. Flavonoids, a class of bioactive substances found in different natural sources including medicinal plants, have emerged as promising candidates in this regard. Indeed, several flavonoids, including apigenin, arbutin, catechins, and cyanidin, have demonstrated remarkable anti-diabetic properties. The clinical effectiveness of these flavonoids is linked to their potential to decrease blood glucose concentration and increase insulin concentration. Thus, the regulation of certain metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and neoglycogenesis has also been demonstrated. In vitro and in vivo investigations revealed different mechanisms of action related to flavonoid compounds at subcellular, cellular, and molecular levels. The main actions reside in the activation of glycolytic signaling pathways and the inhibition of signaling that promotes glucose synthesis and storage. In this review, we highlight the clinical efficiency of natural flavonoids as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, 60115 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Errachidia, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box: 2424, Khartoum-11111, Sudan
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box: 114, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Postal Code 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Postal Code 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andi Hermansyah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, 60115 Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, 60115 Surabaya, Indonesia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City 47500, Malaysia
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Tetouan, Morocco
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Ahmed K, Choi HN, Park JS, Kim YG, Bae MK, Yim JE. Taurine supplementation alters gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue of obese C57BL/6J mice: Inflammation and lipid synthesis perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23288. [PMID: 38192788 PMCID: PMC10771985 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to identify the mechanisms by which taurine exerts its anti-obesity effects in the C57BL/6J ob/ob mice model and determine if taurine supplementation increases the amelioration of inflammation and lipogenesis linked genes in the adipose and liver tissues. Three groups of C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard chow diet for a period of 10 weeks the C57BL/6J normal group, the C57BL/6J ob/ob negative control group with no taurine intake and C57BL/6J ob/ob taurine group with taurine intake. Real time PCR was used to examine the gene expression profile in the experimental groups intrascapular brown adipose tissue (BAT), inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver. TNF-alpha, Ccl2, Adgre and illb genes that are associated with inflammation were found to have varying level of expression in the three tissues. In comparison to BAT and liver these genes were expressed at a much lower level in WAT, with enhanced serum adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Ahmed
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ha-Neul Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Ji-sook Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Yu-Gyeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Bae
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Senior Human Ecology, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, Changwon, Korea
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Javadi B, Sobhani Z. Role of apigenin in targeting metabolic syndrome: A systematic review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:524-534. [PMID: 38629096 PMCID: PMC11017844 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.71539.15558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that has a high prevalence worldwide. Apigenin is a flavonoid present in several vegetables and fruits and has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-MetS properties. This study aims to systematically review the effects of apigenin against MetS and the relevant molecular and cellular mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics features, and potential structure-activity relationship. Electronic databases including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct and Cochrane Library were searched for in vivo, and in vitro, and human studies with the following keywords: "apigenin" and "metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome", "fatty liver", "hypertension or blood pressure", "diabetes or blood glucose", "dyslipidemia", "heart or cardiovascular " and "obesity" in title/abstract. Data were collected from 2000 until 2021 (up to April). Only papers published in the English language were included. Forty-six full-text articles out of 1016 retrieved papers were reviewed and underwent quality assessment by investigators. Anti-obesity activity of apigenin is mainly through attenuating adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the mitotic clonal expansion and the adipogenesis-related factors. Its anti-diabetic effects can be exerted through inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase1B expression, maintaining the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, reducing intracellular ROS production, cellular DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and attenuating β-cell apoptosis. Moreover, apigenin could attenuate dyslipidemia and subsequent atherosclerotic conditions through down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP)-1c, SREBP-2, stearyl-CoA desaturase-1, and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase. Apigenin as a dietary bioactive compound would be a promising candidate for improving MetS and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Sobhani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tamel Selvan K, Goon JA, Makpol S, Tan JK. Therapeutic Potentials of Microalgae and Their Bioactive Compounds on Diabetes Mellitus. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:462. [PMID: 37755075 PMCID: PMC10532649 DOI: 10.3390/md21090462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, or both. Oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. There has been a growing interest in applying natural products to improve metabolic derangements without the side effects of anti-diabetic drugs. Microalgae biomass or extract and their bioactive compounds have been applied as nutraceuticals or additives in food products and health supplements. Several studies have demonstrated the therapeutic effects of microalgae and their bioactive compounds in improving insulin sensitivity attributed to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pancreatic β-cell protective properties. However, a review summarizing the progression in this topic is lacking despite the increasing number of studies reporting their anti-diabetic potential. In this review, we gathered the findings from in vitro, in vivo, and human studies to discuss the effects of microalgae and their bioactive compounds on diabetes mellitus and the mechanisms involved. Additionally, we discuss the limitations and future perspectives of developing microalgae-based compounds as a health supplement for diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, microalgae-based supplementation has the potential to improve diabetes mellitus and be applied in more clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Ya’acob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Nisar A, Jagtap S, Vyavahare S, Deshpande M, Harsulkar A, Ranjekar P, Prakash O. Phytochemicals in the treatment of inflammation-associated diseases: the journey from preclinical trials to clinical practice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1177050. [PMID: 37229273 PMCID: PMC10203425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1177050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in biomedical research have demonstrated that inflammation and its related diseases are the greatest threat to public health. Inflammatory action is the pathological response of the body towards the external stimuli such as infections, environmental factors, and autoimmune conditions to reduce tissue damage and improve patient comfort. However, when detrimental signal-transduction pathways are activated and inflammatory mediators are released over an extended period of time, the inflammatory process continues and a mild but persistent pro-inflammatory state may develop. Numerous degenerative disorders and chronic health issues including arthritis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, among others, are associated with the emergence of a low-grade inflammatory state. Though, anti-inflammatory steroidal, as well as non-steroidal drugs, are extensively used against different inflammatory conditions, they show undesirable side effects upon long-term exposure, at times, leading to life-threatening consequences. Thus, drugs targeting chronic inflammation need to be developed to achieve better therapeutic management without or with a fewer side effects. Plants have been well known for their medicinal use for thousands of years due to their pharmacologically active phytochemicals belonging to diverse chemical classes with a number of these demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory activity. Some typical examples include colchicine (alkaloid), escin (triterpenoid saponin), capsaicin (methoxy phenol), bicyclol (lignan), borneol (monoterpene), and quercetin (flavonoid). These phytochemicals often act via regulating molecular mechanisms that synergize the anti-inflammatory pathways such as increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines or interfere with the inflammatory pathways such as to reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other modulators to improve the underlying pathological condition. This review describes the anti-inflammatory properties of a number of biologically active compounds derived from medicinal plants, and their mechanisms of pharmacological intervention to alleviate inflammation-associated diseases. The emphasis is given to information on anti-inflammatory phytochemicals that have been evaluated at the preclinical and clinical levels. Recent trends and gaps in the development of phytochemical-based anti-inflammatory drugs have also been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akib Nisar
- Biochemical Sciences Division, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh Jagtap
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh Vyavahare
- Shatayu Ayurved and Research Centre, Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manasi Deshpande
- Department of Dravyagun Vigyan, College of Ayurved, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhay Harsulkar
- Herbal Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Om Prakash
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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Jung UJ. Sarcopenic Obesity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051063. [PMID: 37237929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, which refers to concurrent sarcopenia and obesity, is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and performance along with abnormally excessive fat mass. Sarcopenic obesity has received considerable attention as a major health threat in older people. However, it has recently become a health problem in the general population. Sarcopenic obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and other complications such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, liver disease, lung disease, renal disease, mental disease and functional disability. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is multifactorial and complicated, and it is caused by insulin resistance, inflammation, hormonal changes, decreased physical activity, poor diet and aging. Oxidative stress is a core mechanism underlying sarcopenic obesity. Some evidence indicates a protective role of antioxidant flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the general characteristics and pathophysiology of sarcopenic obesity and focuses on the role of oxidative stress in sarcopenic obesity. The potential benefits of flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Bi C, Han W, Yu J, Zhang H, Xing G, Liu Z. Insights into the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of apigenin in liver injuries and diseases. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15609. [PMID: 37144193 PMCID: PMC10151377 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver diseases are a spectrum of diseases that include hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatic cancer. These diseases not only severely decrease the quality of life for patients, but also cause financial burden. Although apigenin (APG) has recently become the primary treatment for liver injuries and diseases (LIADs), there has been no systematic review of its use. Purpose To review the existing literature and put forward novel strategies for future APG research on LIADs. Methods A search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, Web of Science, VIP, Wanfang, and CNKI, and 809 articles were obtained. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 135 articles were included. Results APG is promising in treating LIADs via various mechanisms arising from its anti-inflammation, anti-proliferation, anti-infection, anti-oxidation, and anti-cancer properties. Conclusion This review summarizes the evidence supporting the use of APG as a treatment for LIADs and provides an insight into the intestinal microbiota, which may have important implications in its future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Bi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jingru Yu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Huafang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Guiying Xing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Corresponding author.
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Wang Y, Sun W, Yan S, Meng Z, Jia M, Tian S, Huang S, Sun X, Han S, Pan C, Diao J, Wang Q, Zhu W. A new strategy to alleviate the obesity induced by endocrine disruptors-A unique lysine metabolic pathway of nanoselenium Siraitia grosvenorii to repair gut microbiota and resist obesity. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113737. [PMID: 36944396 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity caused by endocrine disruptors (EDCs) has become a hot topic threatening human health. Recently, Nanoselenium Siraitia grosvenorii (NSG) has been shown to have potential health-modulating uses. Based on the results of 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis, NSG has the unique function of improving gut microbiota and inhibiting obesity. Specifically, NSG can enhance gut microbiota diversity and change their composition. A significant positive correlation exists between the liver change in lysine and the high-importance dominant species ([Ruminococcus]_gnavus, Alistipes_finegoldii, etc.). NSG metabolites analysis showed that the lysine level increased by 44.45% and showed a significantly negatively correlated with (TG, TC, Leptin, etc.). Significantly, NSG reduces the degradation of lysine metabolism in the liver and inhibits fatty acid β-oxidation. In addition, NSG decreased Acetyl-CoA levels by 24% and regulated the downregulation of TCA genes (CS, Ogdh, Fh1, and Mdh2) and the upregulation of ketone body production genes (BDH1). NSG may have a positive effect on obesity by reducing the participation of Acetyl-CoA in the TCA cycle pathway and enhancing the ketogenic conversion of Acetyl-CoA. In conclusion, the results of this study may provide a new dietary intervention strategy for preventing endocrine disruptor-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Meng
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Ming Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China; Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sinuo Tian
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shiran Huang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Sun
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shihang Han
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinling Diao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan west road 2, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Combined Gamma Conglutin and Lupanine Treatment Exhibits In Vivo an Enhanced Antidiabetic Effect by Modulating the Liver Gene Expression Profile. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010117. [PMID: 36678614 PMCID: PMC9867068 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have individually shown the antidiabetic potential of gamma conglutin (Cγ) and lupanine from lupins. Until now, the influence of combining both compounds and the effective dose of the combination have not been assessed. Moreover, the resulting gene expression profile from this novel combination remains to be explored. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate different dose combinations of Cγ and lupanine by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to identify the higher antidiabetic effect on a T2D rat model. Later, we administered the selected dose combination during a week. Lastly, we evaluated biochemical parameters and liver gene expression profile using DNA microarrays and bioinformatic analysis. We found that the combination of 28 mg/kg BW Cγ + 20 mg/kg BW lupanine significantly reduced glycemia and lipid levels. Moreover, this treatment positively influenced the expression of Pdk4, G6pc, Foxo1, Foxo3, Ppargc1a, Serpine1, Myc, Slc37a4, Irs2, and Igfbp1 genes. The biological processes associated with these genes are oxidative stress, apoptosis regulation, and glucose and fatty-acid homeostasis. For the first time, we report the beneficial in vivo effect of the combination of two functional lupin compounds. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the Cγ + lupanine combined treatment.
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Thomas SD, Jha NK, Jha SK, Sadek B, Ojha S. Pharmacological and Molecular Insight on the Cardioprotective Role of Apigenin. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020385. [PMID: 36678254 PMCID: PMC9866972 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a naturally occurring dietary flavonoid found abundantly in fruits and vegetables. It possesses a wide range of biological properties that exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antibacterial effects. These effects have been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of atherosclerosis, stroke, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury, and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and provide protection against drug-induced cardiotoxicity. These potential therapeutic effects advocate the exploration of the cardioprotective actions of apigenin. This review focuses on apigenin, and the possible pharmacological mechanisms involved in the protection against cardiovascular diseases. We further discuss its therapeutic uses and highlight its potential applications in the treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. Apigenin displays encouraging results, which may have implications in the development of novel strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. With the commercial availability of apigenin as a dietary supplement, the outcomes of preclinical studies may provide the investigational basis for future translational strategies evaluating the potential of apigenin in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Further preclinical and clinical investigations are required to characterize the safety and efficacy of apigenin and establish it as a nutraceutical as well as a therapeutic agent to be used alone or as an adjuvant with current drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Deepa Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.O.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (B.S.); (S.O.)
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Yoon JH, Kim MY, Cho JY. Apigenin: A Therapeutic Agent for Treatment of Skin Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021498. [PMID: 36675015 PMCID: PMC9861958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the main barrier between the body and the environment, protecting it from external oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet rays. It also prevents the entrance of infectious agents such as viruses, external antigens, allergens, and bacteria into our bodies. An overreaction to these agents causes severe skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, pruritus, psoriasis, skin cancer, and vitiligo. Members of the flavonoid family include apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol. Of these, apigenin has been used as a dietary supplement due to its various biological activities and has been shown to reduce skin inflammation by downregulating various inflammatory markers and molecular targets. In this review, we deal with current knowledge about inflammatory reactions in the skin and the molecular mechanisms by which apigenin reduces skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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Younatan Y, Majid M, Phull AR, Baig MW, Irshad N, Fatima H, Nasir B, Zafar A, Majid A, Parveen A, Haq IU. Thymus linearis Extracts Ameliorate Indices of Metabolic Syndrome in Sprague Dawley Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:5648837. [PMID: 37151604 PMCID: PMC10159745 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5648837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Materials and Methods The extract library (n-hexane (NH), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (M), distilled water (DW), and combined extract (CE)) was standardized using in vitro phytochemical, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition assays, after which the protective effect of selected "hit," i.e., CE against metabolic syndrome, was determined in vivo, using rats fed a high-fat diet supplemented with additional cholesterol administration. CE was administered to Sprague Dawley rats in high dose as 100 mg/kg in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (1 ml; 0.75% in DW) and low-dose group as 50 mg/kg in CMC (0.5 ml; 0.75% in DW). After 10 weeks, the effects of CE on insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), oxidative stress, and genotoxicity were assessed through histological, biochemical, and hematological investigations. Results Phytochemical analysis including RP-HPLC analysis of the extracts showed that flavonoids and phenolics (myricetin, kaempferol, and apigenin), previously known to be effective against obesity and diabetes, are present in the extracts. Antioxidant studies revealed that the plant possesses a highly significant (p < 0.05) concentration of antioxidants. Satisfactory α-amylase inhibitory activity was also observed in in vitro experiments. In vivo studies showed that CE-administered animals had significantly (p < 0.05) lower weight gain and smaller adipocytes than the control group. Moreover, CE resisted any significant (p < 0.05) change in the organ weights. Analogous to findings from its traditional use, the plant extract had a positive modulatory effect on insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. The study also indicated that CE resisted high-fat diet-induced disturbance in lipid profile and countered any pathological changes in liver enzymes caused by fat-infused diet. Furthermore, a study on endogenous antioxidant levels indicated that CE was effective in maintaining catalase and peroxidase levels within the normal range and resisted the effects of lipid peroxidation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Conclusion In principle, the current study's findings scientifically validate the implication of T. linearis in metabolic syndrome and recommend further studies on molecular insights of the observed therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamema Younatan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman Phull
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, 66020 Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Irshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Humaira Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bakht Nasir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aroosa Zafar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majid
- Department of Biochemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, 66020 Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Amna Parveen
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, No. 191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihsan-ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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Bandawane D, Kotkar A, Ingole P. Protective Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Punica granatum Leaves on High Fructose Induced Insulin Resistance in Experimental Animals. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:263-276. [PMID: 38038001 DOI: 10.2174/011871529x273808231129035950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition characterized by reduced sensitivity of body tissues to insulin, leading to impaired regulation of downstream metabolic pathways and elevated blood glucose levels. Diets rich in fructose have been proven to cause insulin resistance in test rats, resulting in decreased insulin sensitivity, particularly in the liver, and compromised disposal of glucose from the body. In the search for effective treatments, Plant-derived formulations have gained popularity because to their ability for treating a variety of ailments. One such plant is Punica granatum Linn. from the Punicaceae family, which has long been used in the treatment of diabetes and its consequences. This study investigates the insulin-resistant activity of an extract from Punica granatum leaves. The study goal is to assess the possible protective role of Punica granatum against insulin resistance through various analyses, including serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile assessment, measurement of liver enzymes (ALP, SGOT, SGPT), and histopathological examination of liver sections. METHODS The study involves several key methods to evaluate the insulin-resistant activity of Punica granatum extract in high fructose diet induced insulin resistance animal model. The extract was administered orally to the experimental animals. These methods include the measurement of serum glucose and serum insulin levels, analysis of the lipid profile, quantification of liver enzymes such as ALP, SGOT, and SGPT, and a detailed histopathological examination of liver tissue sections. These analyses collectively provide insights into the impact of Punica granatum extract on insulin resistance and related metabolic parameters. RESULTS Findings of this study provide insight on the possible benefits of Punica granatum extract on insulin resistance. Through the assessment of serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile analysis, and measurement of liver enzymes, the study elucidates the impact of the extract on key metabolic indicators. Additionally, the histopathological examination of liver sections provides visual insights into the structural changes that may occur as a result of the treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study highlights the ability of Punica granatum extract as a candidate for addressing insulin resistance. The findings suggest that the extract may have a protective role against insulin resistance, as evidenced by improvements in serum glucose and insulin levels, lipid profile, liver enzyme levels, and histopathological characteristics. Further research and investigations are warranted to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these observed effects and to validate the potential of Punica granatum extract as a therapeutic option for managing insulin resistance and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Bandawane
- Department of Pharmacology, PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, India
| | - Ashwini Kotkar
- Department of Pharmacology, PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, India
| | - Pooja Ingole
- Department of Pharmacology, PES's Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, India
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Sirvent P, Chavanelle V, Otero YF, Bargetto M, Le Joubioux F, Boisseau N, Maugard T, Cazaubiel M, Pereira B, Guigas B, Hadjadj S, Peltier SL, Marette A, Bard J. TOTUM-63, a plant-based polyphenol-rich extract, improves glycaemic control in subjects with prediabetes or early stage newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:2331-2340. [PMID: 35837981 PMCID: PMC9796323 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The plant-based polyphenol-rich extract TOTUM-63 improves glucose homeostasis in various preclinical models of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A pilot exploratory study showed that TOTUM-63 has good safety and tolerability profiles, and beneficial effects on postprandial glucose control in healthy individuals with overweight. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of TOTUM-63 on glycaemic control in individuals with prediabetes or early stage newly-diagnosed T2D (which does not require pharmacological treatment). MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Individuals with prediabetes or early stage newly-diagnosed T2D and with overweight/abdominal obesity received TOTUM-63 (5 g/day) or placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome was the change in fasting blood glucose. RESULTS Fifty-one participants (age: 57.1 ± 10 years; body mass index: 31.3 ± 5.7 kg.m2 ; 35 women and 16 men) completed the study (n = 38 TOTUM-63, n = 13 placebo). After 6 months, blood glucose concentration after fasting and after the 2-h oral glucose tolerance test was reduced in the TOTUM-63-treated group compared with the placebo group (placebo-corrected difference between baseline and month 6: -0.71 mmol/L, p < .05, and -1.93 mmol/L, p < .05, respectively). TOTUM-63 was safe and well tolerated and significantly reduced body weight gain (-1.9 kg; p < .05), waist circumference (-4.5 cm; p < .001), circulating triglycerides (-0.54 mmol/L; p < .01) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (-0.38 mmol/L; p < .05) compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS TOTUM-63 lowered fasting blood glucose in participants with impaired fasting glycaemia and glucose intolerance. Moreover, TOTUM-63 showed a good safety and tolerability profile and improved several metabolic syndrome features. Therefore, TOTUM-63 is a promising candidate for T2D prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Laboratoire AME2PUniversité Clermont AuvergneClermont‐FerrandFrance
- CRNH AuvergneCRNHClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Thierry Maugard
- Equipe BCBS (Biotechnologies et Chimie des Bioressources pour la Santé)La Rochelle Université, UMR CNRS 7266 LIENSsLa RochelleFrance
| | | | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont‐FerrandDélégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'InnovationClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, l'Institut du ThoraxINSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU NantesNantesFrance
| | | | - André Marette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineLaval UniversityQuebecCanada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional FoodsLaval UniversityQuebecCanada
| | - Jean‐Marie Bard
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Générale et Appliquée, UFR de Pharmacie, ISOMer‐UE 2160, IUML‐Institut Universitaire Mer et Littoral‐FR3473 CNRSUniversité de NantesNantesFrance
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18
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Saleh Aldayel T. Apigenin attenuates high-fat diet-induced nephropathy in rats by hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, and concomitant activation of the Nrf2/antioxidant axis. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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19
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Jiang J, Tang T, Peng Y, Liu M, Liu Q, Mi P, Yang Z, Chen H, Zheng X. Research progress on antidiabetic activity of apigenin derivatives. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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20
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Pharmacological Properties of 4′, 5, 7-Trihydroxyflavone (Apigenin) and Its Impact on Cell Signaling Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134304. [PMID: 35807549 PMCID: PMC9267958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant bioactive compounds, particularly apigenin, have therapeutic potential and functional activities that aid in the prevention of infectious diseases in many mammalian bodies and promote tumor growth inhibition. Apigenin is a flavonoid with low toxicities and numerous bioactive properties due to which it has been considered as a traditional medicine for decades. Apigenin shows synergistic effects in combined treatment with sorafenib in the HepG2 human cell line (HCC) in less time and statistically reduces the viability of tumor cells, migration, gene expression and apoptosis. The combination of anti-cancerous drugs with apigenin has shown health promoting potential against various cancers. It can prevent cell mobility, maintain the cell cycle and stimulate the immune system. Apigenin also suppresses mTOR activity and raises the UVB-induced phagocytosis and reduces the cancerous cell proliferation and growth. It also has a high safety threshold, and active (anti-cancer) doses can be gained by consuming a vegetable and apigenin rich diet. Apigenin also boosted autophagosome formation, decreased cell proliferation and activated autophagy by preventing the activity of the PI3K pathway, specifically in HepG2 cells. This paper provides an updated overview of apigenin’s beneficial anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer effects, making it a step in the right direction for therapeutics. This study also critically analyzed the effect of apigenin on cancer cell signaling pathways including the PI3K/AKT/MTOR, JAK/STAT, NF-κB and ERK/MAPK pathways.
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Investigation of the mechanism of Shen Qi Wan prescription in the treatment of T2DM via network pharmacology and molecular docking. In Silico Pharmacol 2022; 10:9. [PMID: 35673584 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-022-00124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shen Qi Wan (SQW) prescription has been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for thousands of years, but its pharmacological mechanism is still unclear. The network pharmacology method was used to reveal the potential pharmacological mechanism of SQW in the treatment of T2DM in this study. Nine core targets were identified through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, which were AKT1, INSR, SLC2A1, EGFR, PPARG, PPARA, GCK, NOS3, and PTPN1. Besides, this study found that SQW treated the T2DM through insulin resistance (has04931), insulin signaling pathway (has04910), adipocytokine signaling pathway (has04920), AMPK signaling pathway (has04152) and FoxO signaling pathway (has04068) via ingredient-hub target-pathway network analysis. Finally, molecular docking was used to verify the drug-target interaction network in this research. This study provides a certain explanation for treating T2DM by SQW prescription, and provides a certain angle and method for researchers to study the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of complex diseases. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-022-00124-2.
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22
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Xu Y, Li X, Wang H. Protective Roles of Apigenin Against Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:875826. [PMID: 35495935 PMCID: PMC9051485 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.875826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activity. In this study, the potential effects of apigenin on cardiometabolic diseases were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Potential signaling networks in different cell types induced by apigenin were identified, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms of apigenin in cardiometabolic diseases vary with cell types. Additionally, the mechanisms of apigenin-induced biological response in different cardiometabolic diseases were analyzed, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This review provides novel insights into the potential role of apigenin in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xue Li,
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Hui Wang,
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23
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Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Tudoreanu L, Ștefan G. Plant polyphenols mechanisms of action on insulin resistance and against the loss of pancreatic beta cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62:325-352. [PMID: 32901517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1815644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a prolonged period hyperglycemia with long-lasting detrimental effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, kidney, vision, and immunity. Many plant polyphenols are shown to have beneficial activity for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, by different mechanisms. This review article is focused on synthesizing the mechanisms by which polyphenols decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function. To achieve the objectives, this review summarizes the results of the researches realized in recent years in clinical trials and in various experimental models, on the effects of foods rich in polyphenols, polyphenolic extracts, and commercially polyphenols on insulin resistance and β-cells death. Dietary polyphenols are able to reduce insulin resistance alleviating the IRS-1/PI3-k/Akt signaling pathway, and to reduce the loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function by several molecular mechanisms, such as protection of the surviving machinery of cells against the oxidative insult; increasing insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells through activation of the FFAR1; cytoprotective effect on β-cells by activation of autophagy; protection of β-cells to act as activators for anti-apoptotic pathways and inhibitors for apoptotic pathway; stimulating of insulin release, presumably by transient ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition and whole-cell Ca2+ stimulation; involvement in insulin release that act on ionic currents and membrane potential as inhibitor of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) and activator of current. dietary polyphenols could be used as potential anti-diabetic agents to prevent and alleviate diabetes and its complications, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe V Goran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina N Predescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Tudoreanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Ștefan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Kim MJ, Kim JH, Lee S, Kim B, Kim HY. The protective effects of Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda on high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:46-59. [PMID: 35116127 PMCID: PMC8784267 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.1.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (AY) has remarkable bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer activities. On the other hand, the effects of AY against obesity-induced insulin resistance have not been reported. Therefore, this study examined the potential of AY against obesity-associated insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. MATERIALS/METHODS An obesity model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice a 60% HFD for 16 weeks. The C57BL6/When ethyl acetate fraction from AY (EFAY) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day was administered orally to mice fed a HFD for the last 4 weeks. Normal and control groups were administered water orally. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. Dietary intake was measured every other day. After dissection, blood and tissues were collected from the mice. RESULTS The administration of EFAY reduced body and organ weights significantly compared to HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY-administered groups also improved the serum lipid profile by decreasing the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein compared to the control group. In addition, EFAY ameliorated the insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunctions, including the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin level, compared to the HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY inhibited lipid synthesis and insulin resistance by down-regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthase and up-regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. EFAY also reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver, indicating that EFAY protected hepatic injury induced by obesity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EFAY improved obesity-associated insulin resistance by regulating the lipid and glucose metabolism, suggesting that AY could be used as a functional food to prevent obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Bohkyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
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Wang X, Li J, Zhao D, Li J. |Therapeutic and preventive effects of apigenin in cerebral ischemia: a review. Food Funct 2022; 13:11425-11437. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
APG can exert various protective effects against cerebral ischemia. Moreover, APG has shown a highly promising ability to prevent cerebral ischemia in terms of regulating blood glucose, blood pressure, lipids and gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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Ielciu I, Filip GA, Oniga I, Olah NK, Bâldea I, Olteanu D, Burtescu RF, Turcuș V, Sevastre-Berghian AC, Benedec D, Hanganu D. Oxidative Stress and DNA Lesion Reduction of a Polyphenolic Enriched Extract of Thymus marschallianus Willd. in Endothelial Vascular Cells Exposed to Hyperglycemia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122810. [PMID: 34961280 PMCID: PMC8708594 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare two polyphenolic-enriched extracts obtained from the Thymus marschallianus Willd. (Lamiaceae) species, harvested from culture (TMCE in doses of 0.66 μg GAE/mL and 0.066 μg GAE/mL) and from spontaneous flora (TMSE in doses of 0.94 μg GAE/mL and 0.094 μg GAE/mL) by assessing their biological effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to normoglycemic (137 mmol/L glucose) and hyperglycemic conditions (200 mmol/L glucose). Extracts were obtained by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by chromatographical (HPLC-DAD) and spectrophotometrical methods. Their effects on hyperglycemia were evaluated by the quantification of oxidative stress and NF-ĸB, pNF-ĸB, HIF-1α, and γ-H2AX expressions. The HPLC-DAD analysis highlighted significant amounts of rosmarinic acid (ranging between 0.18 and 1.81 mg/g dry extract), luteolin (ranging between 2.04 and 17.71 mg/g dry extract), kaempferol (ranging between 1.85 and 7.39 mg/g dry extract), and apigenin (ranging between 4.97 and 65.67 mg/g dry extract). Exposure to hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress and the activation of NF-ĸ increased the expression of HIF-1α and produced DNA lesions. The polyphenolic-enriched extracts proved a significant reduction of oxidative stress and γ-H2AX formation and improved the expression of HIF-1α, suggesting their protective role on endothelial cells in hyperglycemia. The tested extracts reduced the total NF-ĸB expression and diminished its activation in hyperglycemic conditions. The obtained results bring evidence for the use of the polyphenolic-enriched extracts of T. marschallianus as adjuvants in hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.O.); (A.C.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.F.); (I.O.)
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.B.); (D.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.A.F.); (I.O.)
| | - Neli-Kinga Olah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Vasile Goldiş” Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
- PlantExtrakt Ltd., Rădaia, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioana Bâldea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.O.); (A.C.S.-B.)
| | - Diana Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.O.); (A.C.S.-B.)
| | | | - Violeta Turcuș
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldiş” Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Alexandra C. Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (D.O.); (A.C.S.-B.)
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.B.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.B.); (D.H.)
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Alam W, Rocca C, Khan H, Hussain Y, Aschner M, De Bartolo A, Amodio N, Angelone T, Cheang WS. Current Status and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Potential of Apigenin: Focus on Metabolic-Syndrome-Dependent Organ Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101643. [PMID: 34679777 PMCID: PMC8533599 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and its associated disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus are globally prevalent. Different molecules showing therapeutic potential are currently available for the management of metabolic syndrome, although their efficacy has often been compromised by their poor bioavailability and side effects. Studies have been carried out on medicinal plant extracts for the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome. In this regard, isolated pure compounds have shown promising efficacy for the management of metabolic syndrome, both in preclinical and clinical settings. Apigenin, a natural bioactive flavonoid widely present in medicinal plants, functional foods, vegetables and fruits, exerts protective effects in models of neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases and most of these effects are attributed to its antioxidant action. Various preclinical and clinical studies carried out so far show a protective effect of apigenin against metabolic syndrome. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on both in vitro and in vivo evidence related to the promising antioxidant role of apigenin in cardioprotection, neuroprotection and renoprotection, and to its beneficial action in metabolic-syndrome-dependent organ dysfunction. We also provide evidence on the potential of apigenin in the prevention and/or treatment of metabolic syndrome, analysing the potential and limitation of its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 221400, China;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Anna De Bartolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (C.R.); (A.D.B.)
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research I.N.R.C., 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: or (H.K.); (N.A.); (T.A.)
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao 999078, China;
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Bayliak MM, Dmytriv TR, Melnychuk AV, Strilets NV, Storey KB, Lushchak VI. Chamomile as a potential remedy for obesity and metabolic syndrome. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:1261-1286. [PMID: 34602925 PMCID: PMC8481792 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing health concern related to many metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. Many studies suggest that herbal products can be useful dietary supplements for weight management due to the presence of numerous biologically active compounds, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract obesity-related oxidative stress. In this review we focus on Matricaria chamomilla, commonly known as chamomile, and one of the most popular medicinal plants in the world. Thanks to a high content of phenolic compounds and essential oils, preparations from chamomile flowers demonstrate a number of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and sedative actions as well as improving gastrointestinal function. Several recent studies have shown certain positive effects of chamomile preparations in the prevention of obesity and complications of diabetes. These effects were associated with modulation of signaling pathways involving the AMP-activated protein kinase, NF-κB, Nrf2 and PPARγ transcription factors. However, the potential of chamomile in the management of obesity seems to be underestimated. This review summarizes current data on the use of chamomile and its individual components (apigenin, luteolin, essential oils) to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders in cell and animal models and in human studies. Special attention is paid to molecular mechanisms that can be involved in the anti-obesity effects of chamomile preparations. Limitation of chamomile usage is also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana R Dmytriv
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Antonina V Melnychuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Nadia V Strilets
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.,I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46002, Ternopil, Ukraine.,Research and Development University, Shota Rustaveli Str., 76018, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Moroccan antidiabetic medicinal plants: Ethnobotanical studies, phytochemical bioactive compounds, preclinical investigations, toxicological validations and clinical evidences; challenges, guidance and perspectives for future management of diabetes worldwide. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Liskova A, Koklesova L, Samec M, Abdellatif B, Zhai K, Siddiqui M, Šudomová M, Hassan ST, Kudela E, Biringer K, Giordano FA, Büsselberg D, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Targeting phytoprotection in the COVID-19-induced lung damage and associated systemic effects-the evidence-based 3PM proposition to mitigate individual risks. EPMA J 2021; 12:325-347. [PMID: 34367380 PMCID: PMC8329620 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-021-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The risks related to the COVID-19 are multi-faceted including but by far not restricted to the following: direct health risks by poorly understood effects of COVID-19 infection, overloaded capacities of healthcare units, restricted and slowed down care of patients with non-communicable disorders such as cancer, neurologic and cardiovascular pathologies, among others; social risks-restricted and broken social contacts, isolation, professional disruption, explosion of aggression in the society, violence in the familial environment; mental risks-loneliness, helplessness, defenceless, depressions; and economic risks-slowed down industrial productivity, broken delivery chains, unemployment, bankrupted SMEs, inflation, decreased capacity of the state to perform socially important programs and to support socio-economically weak subgroups in the population. Directly or indirectly, the above listed risks will get reflected in a healthcare occupation and workload which is a tremendous long-term challenge for the healthcare capacity and robustness. The article does not pretend to provide solutions for all kind of health risks. However, it aims to present the scientific evidence of great clinical utility for primary, secondary, and tertiary care to protect affected individuals in a cost-effective manner. To this end, due to pronounced antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, naturally occurring plant substances are capable to protect affected individuals against COVID-19-associated life-threatening complications such as lung damage. Furthermore, they can be highly effective, if being applied to secondary and tertiary care of noncommunicable diseases under pandemic condition. Thus, the stratification of patients evaluating specific health conditions such as sleep quality, periodontitis, smoking, chronic inflammation and diseases, metabolic disorders and obesity, vascular dysfunction, and cancers would enable effective managemenet of COVID-19-associated complications in primary, secondary, and tertiary care in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (3PM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Manaal Siddiqui
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Miroslava Šudomová
- Museum of Literature in Moravia, Klášter 1, 66461, Rajhrad, Czech Republic
| | - Sherif T.S. Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erik Kudela
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 24144 Qatar
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Mechanistic insights into the inhibition of pancreatic lipase by apigenin: Inhibitory interaction, conformational change and molecular docking studies. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) stalk and leaf supplementation changes the glucose homeostasis and inflammatory markers in the liver of mice exposed to a high-fat diet. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2021; 2:100018. [PMID: 35415624 PMCID: PMC8991781 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2021.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Beet stalks and leaves is a good source of vitexin derivatives. Phenolic compounds are able to reduce high fat diet damages in mice. Dehydrated beet stalks and leaves decrease the protein levels on TNFα. It is possible to control glucose homeostasis with supplementation.
Although beet stalks and leaves are not consumed and are usually discarded, they are an important source of bioactive flavonoids possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of supplementation with beet stalks and leaves on metabolic parameters and glucose homeostasis in mice exposed to a high-fat diet. Six-week-old male Swiss mice were randomly divided into five experimental groups submitted to either standard diet (CT) or high-fat diet (HF), and HF-fed mice were subdivided into three treatment groups supplemented with oven-dehydrated beet stalks and leaves (SL), lyophilized beet stalks and leaves (Ly) or beet stalk and leaf extract (EX). Supplementation with SL promoted a mild improvement in the glucose homeostasis and decreased the protein levels of TNFα with no alterations in hepatic triglyceride content. It remains to be clarified if the enhancement in the glucose homeostasis observed in HFSL could be a consequence of improvement in pancreatic insulin secretion and/or glucose uptake from skeletal muscle and white adipose tissues.
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Xie B, Pan D, Liu H, Liu M, Shi X, Chu X, Lu J, Zhu M, Xia B, Wu J. Diosmetin Protects Against Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunctions Through Activation of Adipose Estrogen Receptors in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100070. [PMID: 34223710 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity is a major public health and economic problem of global significance. Here, we investigate the role of diosmetin, a natural flavonoid presents mainly in citrus fruits, in the regulation of obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or 5-week-old male ob/ob mice fed a normal diet are treated with diosmetin (50 mg kg-1 daily) or vehicle for 8 weeks. Diosmetin treatment decreases body weight and fat mass, improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese mice. These metabolic benefits are mainly attributed to increase energy expenditure via enhancing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). Mechanistically, diosmetin acts as an agonist for estrogen receptors (ERs), and subsequently elevates adipose expressions of ERs in mice and in cultured adipocytes. When ERs are blocked by their antagonist fulvestrant in mice, diosmetin loses its beneficial effects, suggesting that ERs are indispensable for the metabolic benefits of diosmetin. CONCLUSION The results indicate that diosmetin may be a potential anti-obesity nutritional supplement and could be explored for low ERs-related obesity populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dengke Pan
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaochen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiangwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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A Review on Antidiabetic Activity of Centaurea spp.: A New Approach for Developing Herbal Remedies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5587938. [PMID: 34285703 PMCID: PMC8275385 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5587938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-life metabolic disorder, characterized by high blood glucose levels. The hyperglycemic condition generally leads to irreversible nerve injury and vascular damage. Among different types of diabetes, type 2 is more common and has spread all over the world. Although various therapeutic approaches have been developed to control type 2 DM, regulating blood glucose levels has still remained a controversial challenge for patients. Also, most prescription drugs cause different side effects, such as gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, developing novel and efficient antidiabetic agents possessing fewer adverse effects is in high demand. Method The literature was comprehensively surveyed via search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus using appropriate keywords. Results Medicinal plants, both extracts and isolated active components, have played a significant role in controlling the blood glucose levels. Good-to-excellent results documented in the literature have made them a precious origin for developing and designing drugs and supplements against DM. Centaurea spp. have been traditionally used for controlling high blood glucose levels. Also, the antidiabetic properties of different species of Centaurea have been confirmed in recent studies through in vitro assays as well as in vivo experiments. Conclusion Potent results encouraged us to review their efficacy to open a new horizon for development of herbal antidiabetic agents.
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Nadiyah S, Hastuti P, Sunarti S. Beet (Beta vulgaris) Suppressed Gene Expression and Serum Fatty Acid Synthase in High Fat and Fructose-induced Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The expression and activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzymes determine de novo fatty acid synthesis, which can be enhanced by a high-fat and high fructose diet or inhibited by some bioactive compound diets. Beets are a great source of therapeutic compounds that have the potential to improve health and prevent disease.
AIM: This study examined the effects of beets on liver FAS gene expression and FAS levels.
METHODS: A total of 25 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: (1) Standard diet (n); (2) high fat and fructose diet (HFFD); (3) HFFD have given beet 6%-contained standard diet (B1); (4) HFFD have given beet 9%-contained standard diet (B2), and (5) HFFD have given beet 12%-contained standard diet (B3). The HFFD was given to rats in the 2, 3, 4, and 5 group diets for 8 weeks? and then 3, 4, and 5 groups received beet-contained standard diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the intervention, FAS levels were measured (please specify where it was measured from) using the ELISA method, liver FAS gene expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and triglyceride (TG) levels were determined by the colorimetric method.
RESULTS: The beet-substituted diet significantly suppressed the hepatic FAS gene expression and decreased the serum FAS levels in rats previously given HFFD (p < 0.05). The expression of the FAS gene showed a significant positive correlation with the levels of FAS serum (p < 0.05), and also with the hepatic TG levels but not significant (p > 0.05). Substitution of beet 9% in diet gives the best effect in hepatic FAS gene expression and the serum FAS levels.
CONCLUSIONS: The diet contained beet 9% was seen as a necessary physiological dose to improve the effects of high-fat and diet fructose diet through suppressing FAS gene expression and a decreased serum FAS levels.
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Oliveira AKDS, de Oliveira E Silva AM, Pereira RO, Santos AS, Barbosa Junior EV, Bezerra MT, Barreto RSS, Quintans-Junior LJ, Quintans JSS. Anti-obesity properties and mechanism of action of flavonoids: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7827-7848. [PMID: 33970708 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1919051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem, and there is increasing scientific interest in its mechanisms, as well as a search for new compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can minimize the metabolic complications associated with its pathology. One potential source of these compounds is natural products; Among these, flavonoids are a promising group of natural substances. Flavonoids are active constituents with diverse biological activities and are widely found in plants kingdom. Numerous studies have shown that flavonoids can effectively inhibit obesity and related metabolic disorders. The review synthesizes recent evidence in respect of progress in the understanding of the anti-obesity effects of flavonoids. Such effects which occurs through the modulation of proteins, genes and transcriptional factors involved in decreasing lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis, expenditure energy, stimulating fatty acids B-oxidation, digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates. In addition to mitigating inflammatory responses and suppress oxidative stress. A better understanding of the modulating effects and mechanisms of flavonoids in relation to obesity will allow us to better use these compounds to treat or even prevent obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Karoline de Souza Oliveira
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Ana Mara de Oliveira E Silva
- Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mikaella Tuanny Bezerra
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Rosana S S Barreto
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Junior
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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Park JH, Ahn EK, Hwang MH, Park YJ, Cho YR, Ko HJ, Jeong W, Yang SH, Seo DW, Oh JS. Improvement of Obesity and Dyslipidemic Activity of Amomum tsao-ko in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061638. [PMID: 33804179 PMCID: PMC7998585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire (Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal herb found in Southeast Asia that is used for the treatment of malaria, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract of Amomum tsao-ko (EAT) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD). First, the mice were divided into five groups (n = 6/group) as follows: normal diet, HCD, and HCD+EAT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day), which were orally administered with EAT daily for 84 days. Using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, we found that EAT inhibited not only body-weight gain, but also visceral fat and subcutaneous fat accumulation. Histological analysis confirmed that EAT decreased the size of fat tissues. EAT consistently improved various indices, including plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factors, which are related to dyslipidemia—a major risk factor for heart disease. The contents of TC and TG, as well as the lipid droplets of HCD-induced hepatic accumulation in the liver tissue, were suppressed by EAT. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility of developing EAT as a therapeutic agent for improving HCD-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (D.-W.S.)
| | - Eun-Kyung Ahn
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Min Hee Hwang
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Young Jin Park
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Young-Rak Cho
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Hye-Jin Ko
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Wonsik Jeong
- Bio-Center, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Gwanggyo-ro 147, Yeoungtong, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16229, Korea; (E.-K.A.); (M.H.H.); (Y.J.P.); (Y.-R.C.); (H.-J.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Korea;
| | - Dong-Wan Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (D.-W.S.)
| | - Joa Sub Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Dandae-ro 119, Dongnam, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Korea; (J.-H.P.); (D.-W.S.)
- Correspondence:
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38
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Janson B, Prasomthong J, Malakul W, Boonsong T, Tunsophon S. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx extract prevents the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and obesity-related insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111438. [PMID: 33721756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is reported to be beneficial in treating obesity which can develop into a range of metabolic disorders. The molecular mechanisms by which roselle extract works to prevent obesity-related insulin resistance remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that the roselle extract can decrease lipid accumulation and improve insulin resistance by downregulating adipogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of roselle extract on the mechanism of adipogenesis and prevent complications of the obesity-related insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obese rats for 8 weeks. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: control (C), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet supplemented with 250 mg/kg BW of roselle (R250), and high-fat diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg BW of roselle (R500). The results demonstrated that roselle had the potential to reduce body weight, food intake, lipid profiles, inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation, serum leptin, insulin and duodenal glucose absorption, while significantly increased glucose uptake of adipose tissue and muscle when compared to the HFD group. Roselle can prevent lipid accumulation by suppressing differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocyte by downregulating the adipogenic gene expression. The results of this study demonstrated that the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of roselle, could be an alternative approach for obesity-related insulin resistance prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjarat Janson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Janjira Prasomthong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Wachirawadee Malakul
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Tantip Boonsong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Sakara Tunsophon
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Centre of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000 Thailand.
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Liskova A, Samec M, Koklesova L, Samuel SM, Zhai K, Al-Ishaq RK, Abotaleb M, Nosal V, Kajo K, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M, Sabaka P, Mozos I, Ullrich D, Prosecky R, La Rocca G, Caprnda M, Büsselberg D, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Kubatka P. Flavonoids against the SARS-CoV-2 induced inflammatory storm. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111430. [PMID: 33662680 PMCID: PMC7906511 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease severity of COVID-19, especially in the elderly and patients with co-morbidities, is characterized by hypercytokinemia, an exaggerated immune response associated with an uncontrolled and excessive release of proinflammatory cytokine mediators (cytokine storm). Flavonoids, important secondary metabolites of plants, have long been studied as therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases due to their cytokine-modulatory effects. In this review, we discuss the potential role of flavonoids in the modulation of signaling pathways that are crucial for COVID-19 disease, particularly those related to inflammation and immunity. The immunomodulatory ability of flavonoids, carried out by the regulation of inflammatory mediators, the inhibition of endothelial activation, NLRP3 inflammasome, toll-like receptors (TLRs) or bromodomain containing protein 4 (BRD4), and the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), might be beneficial in regulating the cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, the ability of flavonoids to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), neutralize 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) or to affect gut microbiota to maintain immune response, and the dual action of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) may potentially also be applied to the exaggerated inflammatory responses induced by SARS-CoV-2. Based on the previously proven effects of flavonoids in other diseases or on the basis of newly published studies associated with COVID-19 (bioinformatics, molecular docking), it is reasonable to assume positive effects of flavonoids on inflammatory changes associated with COVID-19. This review highlights the current state of knowledge of the utility of flavonoids in the management of COVID-19 and also points to the multiple biological effects of flavonoids on signaling pathways associated with the inflammation processes that are deregulated in the pathology induced by SARS-CoV-2. The identification of agents, including naturally occurring substances such as flavonoids, represents great approach potentially utilizable in the management of COVID-19. Although not clinically investigated yet, the applicability of flavonoids against COVID-19 could be a promising strategy due to a broad spectrum of their biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson M Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Raghad Khalid Al-Ishaq
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mariam Abotaleb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Vladimir Nosal
- Department of Neurology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia; Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Sabaka
- Department of Infectiology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - David Ullrich
- Department of Leadership, Faculty of Military Leadership, University of Defence, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Prosecky
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
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Kojadinovic M, Glibetic M, Vucic V, Popovic M, Vidovic N, Debeljak-Martacic J, Arsic A. Short-Term Consumption of Pomegranate Juice Alleviates Some Metabolic Disturbances in Overweight Patients with Dyslipidemia. J Med Food 2021; 24:925-933. [PMID: 33523763 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate juice (PJ) has potential positive effects in patients with metabolic disturbances due to a high content of polyphenols. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of a 2-week consumption of dietary doses of PJ on blood pressure, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress markers in overweight patients with dyslipidemia. Twenty-four patients, 8 males and 16 females, 40-60 years of age, with established overweight and dyslipidemia were randomly assigned into intervention group, who consumed 300 mL of PJ daily for 2 weeks, or control group. After 2 weeks of juice intake, intervention group had significantly lower diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aminotransferase, and activity of glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, patients who consumed PJ had reduced percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) in plasma phospholipids and increased estimated activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. In erythrocytes, we found a significant increase in the levels of dihomo-γ- linolenic acid (20:3n-6, DGLA) and DHA, as well as in estimated activity of Δ6 desaturase, and a decrease in estimated activity of Δ5 desaturase. These results show that even a short-term consumption of dietary doses of PJ exerts beneficial effects and affects lipid metabolism in overweight patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Kojadinovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Glibetic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Vucic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Popovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Vidovic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Debeljak-Martacic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Arsic
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wu L, Guo T, Deng R, Liu L, Yu Y. Apigenin Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Lipid Accumulation by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and SREBP-1c/SREBP-2 Pathway in Palmitate-Induced HepG2 Cells and High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:146-156. [PMID: 33509902 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is the common basis of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and its development is closely associated with lipid metabolism disorder. Flavonoids have definite chemical defense effects, including anti-inflammatory effects, anticancer effects, and antimutation effects. However, the function and mechanism of apigenin (AP, a kind of flavonoid) in IR are still unclear. In our study, intracellular fat accumulation model cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed model mice were established using palmitate (PA) and HFD. Mechanistically, we first demonstrated that AP could notably downregulate sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), fatty acid synthase, stearyl-CoA desaturase 1, and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase in PA-induced hyperlipidemic cells and mice. Functionally, we verified that AP could markedly reduce lipid accumulation in PA-induced hyperlipidemic cells and decrease the body weight, visceral fat weight, IR, and lipid accumulation in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Besides, we showed that PA could significantly downregulate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins and inhibit ERS. Furthermore, we proved that AP could reduce blood lipids by inhibiting ERS in PA-induced hyperlipidemic cells. Meanwhile, 4-phenyl butyric acid (also called ERS alleviator), like AP, could significantly reduce blood lipids and alleviate IR in HFD-fed model mice. Therefore, we concluded that AP could substantially improve the disorder of lipid metabolism, and its mechanism might be related to the decrease of SREBP-1c, SREBP-2, and downstream genes, the inhibition of ERS, and the reduction of blood lipids and IR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Apigenin, a nontoxic and naturally sourced flavonoid, has antihyperlipidemic properties in mice and hepatocyte. This study highlights a new mechanism of apigenin and proposes that these hypolipidemic effects are associated with the mitigation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity. This study might provide translational insight into the prevention and treatment of apigenin in hyperlipidemia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (L.W., L.L., Y.Y.) and Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College (L.W., T.G.), Department of Clinical Medicine (R.D.), North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingdong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (L.W., L.L., Y.Y.) and Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College (L.W., T.G.), Department of Clinical Medicine (R.D.), North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ranxi Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (L.W., L.L., Y.Y.) and Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College (L.W., T.G.), Department of Clinical Medicine (R.D.), North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lusheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (L.W., L.L., Y.Y.) and Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College (L.W., T.G.), Department of Clinical Medicine (R.D.), North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongxiong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China (L.W., L.L., Y.Y.) and Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College (L.W., T.G.), Department of Clinical Medicine (R.D.), North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Bouyahya A, Chamkhi I, Benali T, Guaouguaou FE, Balahbib A, El Omari N, Taha D, Belmehdi O, Ghokhan Z, El Menyiy N. Traditional use, phytochemistry, toxicology, and pharmacology of Origanum majorana L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 265:113318. [PMID: 32882360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Origanum majorana L., is an aromatic and medicinal plant distributed in different parts of Mediterranean countries. This species is widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases such as allergies, hypertension, respiratory infections, diabetes, stomach pain, and intestinal antispasmodic. AIM OF THE REVIEW This work reports previous studies on O. majorana concerning its taxonomy, botanical description, geographical distribution, traditional use, bioactive compounds, toxicology, and biological effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Different scientific data bases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley Online, SciFinder, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink were consulted to collect data about O. majorana. The presented data emphasis bioactive compounds, traditional uses, toxicological investigations, and biological activities of O. majorana. RESULTS The findings of this work marked an important correlation between the traditional use of O. majorana as an anti-allergic, antihypertensive, anti-diabetic agent, and its biological effects. Indeed, pharmacological investigations showed that essential oils and extracts from O. majorana exhibit different biological properties, particularly; antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antidiabetic, anticancer, nephrotoxicity protective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic, hepatoprotective, and antimutagenic effects. Toxicological evaluation confirmed the safety and innocuity of this species and supported its medicinal uses. Several bioactive compounds belonging to different chemical family such as terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids were also identified in O. majorana. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the pharmacological properties of O. majorana confirm its traditional uses. Indeed, O. majorana essential oils showed remarkable antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, nephroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. However, further investigations regarding the evaluation of molecular mechanisms of identified compounds against human cancer cell lines, inflammatory process, and microbial infections are needed to validate pharmacodynamic targets. The toxicological investigation of O. Majorana confirmed its safety and therefore encouraged pharmacokinetic evaluation tests to validate its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, And Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Imane Chamkhi
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Laboratory of Natural Resources and Environment, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taza, SidiMohamed Ben Abdellah University of Fez, B.P.: 1223, Taza-Gare, Taza, Morocco.
| | - Fatima-Ezzahrae Guaouguaou
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Abdelaali Balahbib
- Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Douae Taha
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie, Modélisation Moléculaire, Matériaux, Nanomatériaux, Eau et Environnement, CERNE2D, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Omar Belmehdi
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco.
| | - Zengin Ghokhan
- Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Physiology, Pharmacology & Environmental Health, Faculty of Science, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco.
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Sukarno DA, Mustika A, Rejeki PS. Effect of Celery Extract on Fructose Induced Insulin Resistance Rattus norvegicus. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v56i4.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health problems and in the top 4th ranks as the main cause of death in developing countries (IDF, 2015). The pathogenesis of type II DM involves abnormalities in insulin secretion and activity that leads to insulin resistance. This research aims to study the efficacy of celery (Apiumgraveolens) as a prevention of insulin resistance. In this study, the samples were 45 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), male sex, aged 4-6 weeks, weight 150-175 grams,and had normal fasting blood glucose levels by tested before treatment. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, K1 was negative control group (insulin resistance by given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDay);K2 was positive control group (those given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDayand standard insulin resistance therapy metformin 500 mg/kg BW PO qDay); the K3 treatment group was given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 200 mg/kg BW PO qDay; the K4 treatment group was given fructose 20% 1,86 mg/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 400 mg/kg BW PO qDay; and the K5 treatment group was given fructose 20% 1,86 mg/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 600 mg/kg BW PO qDay. The treatment had been given every day for 60 days.Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a Glucometer. Fasting blood insulin levels were measured using ELISA, HOMA-IR was calculated using a standardized formula, and GLUT4 protein expression was measured using immunohistochemistry. It the end of the intervention, there was a significant decreased in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in K4 group compared with K1 (p <0.05), insulin resistance in K1 was characterized by a higher HOMA-IR value compared to the therapy group, especially K4 and K5 (p <0.05). There was an increase in GLUT-4 expression on K4 and K5 compared with K1 (p <0.05). It can be concluded that celery extract has antihyperglycemia effect and furthermore it can prevent insulin resistance condition.
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Poltronieri P, Celetti A, Palazzo L. Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation Enzymes and NAD + Metabolism: A Focus on Diseases and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010128. [PMID: 33440786 PMCID: PMC7827148 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono(ADP-ribose) transferases and mono(ADP-ribosyl)ating sirtuins use NAD+ to perform the mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation, a simple form of post-translational modification of proteins and, in some cases, of nucleic acids. The availability of NAD+ is a limiting step and an essential requisite for NAD+ consuming enzymes. The synthesis and degradation of NAD+, as well as the transport of its key intermediates among cell compartments, play a vital role in the maintenance of optimal NAD+ levels, which are essential for the regulation of NAD+-utilizing enzymes. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of NAD+ metabolism, highlighting the functional liaison with mono(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzymes, such as the well-known ARTD10 (also named PARP10), SIRT6, and SIRT7. To this aim, we discuss the link of these enzymes with NAD+ metabolism and chronic diseases, such as cancer, degenerative disorders and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council of Italy, via Monteroni 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Tommaso de Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.P.)
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Zhang H, Shen Y, Kim IM, Weintraub NL, Tang Y. The Impaired Bioenergetics of Diabetic Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:642857. [PMID: 34054724 PMCID: PMC8160466 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.642857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes causes hyperglycemia, which can create a stressful environment for cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). To investigate the impact of diabetes on the cellular metabolism of CMECs, we assessed glycolysis by quantifying the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by measuring cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR), in isolated CMECs from wild-type (WT) hearts and diabetic hearts (db/db) using an extracellular flux analyzer. Diabetic CMECs exhibited a higher level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and significantly reduced glycolytic reserve and non-glycolytic acidification, as compared to WT CMECs. In addition, OCR assay showed that diabetic CMECs had increased maximal respiration, and significantly reduced non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption and proton leak. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed no difference in copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) between diabetic and WT CMECs. In addition, gene expression profiling analysis showed an overall decrease in the expression of essential genes related to β-oxidation (Sirt1, Acox1, Acox3, Hadha, and Hadhb), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) (Idh-3a and Ogdh), and electron transport chain (ETC) (Sdhd and Uqcrq) in diabetic CMECs compared to WT CMECs. Western blot confirmed that the protein expression of Hadha, Acox1, and Uqcrq was decreased in diabetic CMECs. Although lectin staining demonstrated no significant difference in capillary density between the hearts of WT mice and db/db mice, diabetic CMECs showed a lower percentage of cell proliferation by Ki67 staining, and a higher percentage of cellular apoptosis by TUNEL staining, compared with WT CMECs. In conclusion, excessive ROS caused by hyperglycemia is associated with impaired glycolysis and mitochondrial function in diabetic CMECs, which in turn may reduce proliferation and promote CMEC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yan Shen
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Il-man Kim
- Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Neal L. Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yaoliang Tang,
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Al Duhaidahawi D, Hasan SA, Al Zubaidy HFS. Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetes: Clinical Outcomes and Mechanism to Ameliorate Blood Glucose Levels. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:e120720188794. [PMID: 33290200 DOI: 10.2174/1573399817666201207200346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For thousands of years, natural food products have been used as a medicine for treating diseases that affect the human body, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Lately, several investigations have been performed on the flavonoid derivatives of plant origin, and their biological activity has been extensively studied. METHODS Given our need to know more mechanisms for treating DM, we performed a thorough research review on treating diabetes mellitus based on flavonoids, their therapeutic potential, and biological action. RESULTS Flavonoids reduce complications in addition to their vital role as effective supplements for preventing diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose metabolism, lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, a protein kinase inhibitor, PPAR, and AMPK with NF-κB. CONCLUSION The articles that we reviewed showed the positive role of flavonoids, which in a certain way reduce diabetes, but their side effects still need to be studied further.This review is focused on describing the different types of dietary flavonoids along with their mechanisms of reducing blood glucose and enhancing insulin sensitivity, as well as their side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunya Al Duhaidahawi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq
| | - Samer A Hasan
- Pharmacognacy, Pharmacy, University of Kufa, AL-Najaf, Iraq
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Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide issue and is accompanied by serious complications. Western high energy diet has been identified to be a major factor contributing to the current obesity pandemic. Thus, it is important to optimize dietary composition, bioactive substances, and agents to prevent and treat obesity. To date, extracts from plants, such as vegetables, tea, fruits, and Chinese herbal medicine, have been showed to have the abilities of regulating adipogenesis and attenuating obesity. These plant extracts mainly contain polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which could play a significant role in anti-obesity through various signaling pathways and gut microbiota. Those reported anti-obesity mechanisms mainly include inhibiting white adipose tissue growth and lipogenesis, promoting lipolysis, brown/beige adipose tissue development, and muscle thermogenesis. In this review, we summarize the plant extracts and their possible mechanisms responsible for their anti-obesity effects. Based on the current findings, dietary plant extracts and foods containing these bioactive compounds can be potential preventive or therapeutic agents for obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jin-Zhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Nutraceutical Properties of Polyphenols against Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113517. [PMID: 33203174 PMCID: PMC7697723 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current food tendencies, suboptimal dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle are spreading metabolic disorders worldwide. Consequently, the prevalence of liver pathologies is increasing, as it is the main metabolic organ in the body. Chronic liver diseases, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the main cause, have an alarming prevalence of around 25% worldwide. Otherwise, the consumption of certain drugs leads to an acute liver failure (ALF), with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) as its main cause, or alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Although programs carried out by authorities are focused on improving dietary habits and lifestyle, the long-term compliance of the patient makes them difficult to follow. Thus, the supplementation with certain substances may represent a more easy-to-follow approach for patients. In this context, the consumption of polyphenol-rich food represents an attractive alternative as these compounds have been characterized to be effective in ameliorating liver pathologies. Despite of their structural diversity, certain similar characteristics allow to classify polyphenols in 5 groups: stilbenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and curcuminoids. Herein, we have identified the most relevant compounds in each group and characterized their main sources. By this, authorities should encourage the consumption of polyphenol-rich products, as most of them are available in quotidian life, which might reduce the socioeconomical burden of liver diseases.
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Talebi A, Hayati Roodbari N, Reza Sameni H, Zarbakhsh S. Impact of coadministration of apigenin and bone marrow stromal cells on damaged ovaries due to chemotherapy in rat: An experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2020; 18:551-560. [PMID: 32803119 PMCID: PMC7385912 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i7.7372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apigenin is a plant-derived flavonoid with antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that may recover damaged ovaries. It seems that apigenin may promote the differentiation of MSCs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coadministration of apigenin and BMSCs on the function, structure, and apoptosis of the damaged ovaries after creating a chemotherapy model with cyclophosphamide in rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS For chemotherapy induction and ovary destruction, cyclophosphamide was injected intraperitoneally to 40 female Wistar rats (weighing 180-200 gr, 10 wk old) for 14 days. Then, the rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10/each): control, apigenin, BMSCs and coadministration of apigenin and BMSCs. Injection of apigenin was performed intraperitoneally and BMSC transplantation was performed locally in the ovaries. The level of anti-mullerian hormone serum by ELISA kit, the number of oocytes by superovulation, the number of ovarian follicles in different stages by H&E staining, and the expression of ovarian Bcl-2 and Bax proteins by western blot were assessed after four wk. RESULTS The results of serum anti-mullerian hormone level, number of oocytes and follicles, and Bcl-2/Bax expression ratio showed that coadministration of apigenin and BMSCs significantly recovered the ovarian function, structure, and apoptosis compared to the control, BMSC, and apigenin groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the effect of coadministration of apigenin and BMSCs is maybe more effective than the effect of their administrations individually on the recovery of damaged ovaries following the chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Talebi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasim Hayati Roodbari
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Sameni
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Sam Zarbakhsh
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Apigenin Modulates Dendritic Cell Activities and Curbs Inflammation Via RelB Inhibition in the Context of Neuroinflammatory Diseases. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 16:403-424. [PMID: 32607691 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation leads to tissue injury causing many of the clinical symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis, an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). While T cells, specifically Th1 and Th17 cells, are the ultimate effectors of this disease, dendritic cells (DCs) mediate T cell polarization, activation, etc. In our previous study, Apigenin, a natural flavonoid, has been shown to reduce EAE disease severity through amelioration of demyelination in the CNS as well as the sequestering of DCs and other myeloid cells in the periphery. Here, we show that Apigenin exerts its effects possibly through shifting DC modulated T cell responses from Th1 and Th17 type towards Treg directed responses evident through the decrease in T-bet, IFN-γ (Th1), IL-17 (Th17) and increase in IL-10, TGF-β and FoxP3 (Treg) expression in cells from both normal human donors and EAE mice. RelB, an NF-κβ pathway protein is central to DC maturation, its antigen presentation capabilities and DC-mediated T cell activation. Apigenin reduced mRNA and protein levels of RelB and also reduced its nuclear translocation. Additionally, siRNA-mediated silencing of RelB further potentiated the RelB-mediated effects of Apigenin thus confirming its role in Apigenin directed regulation of DC biology. These results provide key information about the molecular events controlled by Apigenin in its regulation of DC activity marking its potential as a therapy for neuroinflammatory disease. Graphical Abstract.
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