1
|
Butcko AJ, Putman AK, Mottillo EP. The Intersection of Genetic Factors, Aberrant Nutrient Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in the Progression of Cardiometabolic Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:87. [PMID: 38247511 PMCID: PMC10812494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), which encompasses metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), has been increasing considerably in the past 50 years. CMD is a complex disease that can be influenced by genetics and environmental factors such as diet. With the increased reliance on processed foods containing saturated fats, fructose and cholesterol, a mechanistic understanding of how these molecules cause metabolic disease is required. A major pathway by which excessive nutrients contribute to CMD is through oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss how oxidative stress can drive CMD and the role of aberrant nutrient metabolism and genetic risk factors and how they potentially interact to promote progression of MAFLD, CVD and CKD. This review will focus on genetic mutations that are known to alter nutrient metabolism. We discuss the major genetic risk factors for MAFLD, which include Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), Membrane Bound O-Acyltransferase Domain Containing 7 (MBOAT7) and Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2 (TM6SF2). In addition, mutations that prevent nutrient uptake cause hypercholesterolemia that contributes to CVD. We also discuss the mechanisms by which MAFLD, CKD and CVD are mutually associated with one another. In addition, some of the genetic risk factors which are associated with MAFLD and CVD are also associated with CKD, while some genetic risk factors seem to dissociate one disease from the other. Through a better understanding of the causative effect of genetic mutations in CMD and how aberrant nutrient metabolism intersects with our genetics, novel therapies and precision approaches can be developed for treating CMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Butcko
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.J.B.); (A.K.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ashley K. Putman
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.J.B.); (A.K.P.)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Emilio P. Mottillo
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.J.B.); (A.K.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu KLH, Wu CW, Chen LW, Chang HH, Cheng CL, Wu CY, Lee YC, Chen IC, Hung CY, Liu WC. Dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics mediated aortic perivascular adipose tissue-associated vascular reactivity impairment under excessive fructose intake. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:4. [PMID: 38167066 PMCID: PMC10763079 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive fructose intake presents the major risk factor for metabolic cardiovascular disease. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a metabolic tissue and possesses a paracrine function in regulating aortic reactivity. However, whether and how PVAT alters vascular function under fructose overconsumption remains largely unknown. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old) were fed a 60% high fructose diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. Fasting blood sugar, insulin, and triglycerides were significantly increased by HFD intake. Plasma adiponectin was significantly enhanced in the HFD group. The expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial mass were reduced in the aortic PVAT of the HFD group. Concurrently, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) were suppressed. Furthermore, decreased fusion proteins (OPA1, MFN1, and MFN2) were accompanied by increased fission proteins (FIS1 and phospho-DRP1). Notably, the upregulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and osteocalcin in the PVAT were concurrent with the impaired reactivity of aortic contraction and relaxation. Coenzyme Q10 (Q, 10 mg/100 mL, 4 weeks) effectively reversed the aforementioned events induced by HFD. Together, these results suggested that the dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics mediated HFD-triggered PVAT whitening to impair aortic reactivity. Fortunately, coenzyme Q10 treatment reversed HFD-induced PVAT whitening and aortic reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kay L H Wu
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Senior Citizen Services, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Wu
- Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Counseling, National ChiaYi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lee-Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Huang Chang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Li Cheng
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Institute of Nursing, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cai-Yi Wu
- Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Chun Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Ying Hung
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chung Liu
- Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Banu Bal N, Güney C, Gökhan Yıldırım O, Akar F, Demirel-Yılmaz E. Myricetin May Improve Cardiac Dysfunction Possibly Through Regulating Blood Pressure and Cellular Stress Molecules in High-Fructose-Fed Rats. Anatol J Cardiol 2024; 28:55-64. [PMID: 38167793 PMCID: PMC10796237 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2023.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the effect of myricetin on cardiac dysfunction caused by high fructose intake. METHODS Fructose was given to the rats as a 20% solution in drinking water for 15 weeks. Myricetin was administered by oral gavage for the last 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method. The effects of isoprenaline, phenylephrine, and acetylcholine on cardiac contractility and rhythmicity were recorded in the isolated right atrium and left ventricular papillary muscles. In addition to biochemical measurements, the cardiac expressions of cellular stress-related proteins were determined by western blotting. RESULTS Myricetin improved systolic blood pressure but did not affect body weight, plasma glucose, and triglyceride levels in fructose-fed rats. The impairment of isoprenaline- and phenylephrine-mediated increases in atrial contraction and sinus rate in fructose-fed rats was restored by myricetin treatment. Isoprenaline, phenylephrine, and acetylcholine-mediated papillary muscle contractions were not changed by fructose or myricetin administration. The expression of the mitochondrial fission marker dynamin-related protein 1 and the mitophagic marker PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) was enhanced in the fructose-fed rat, and myricetin treatment markedly attenuated PINK1 expression. High-fructose intake augmented phosphorylation of the proinflammatory molecule Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the stress-regulated kinase JNK1, but myricetin only reduced NF-κB expression. Moreover, myricetin diminished the elevation in the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bax. CONCLUSION Our results imply that myricetin has a protective role in cardiac irregularities induced by a high-fructose diet through reducing systolic blood pressure, improving cardiac adrenergic responses, suppressing PINK1, NF-κB, and Bax expression, and thus reflecting a potential therapeutic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Banu Bal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ceren Güney
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Onur Gökhan Yıldırım
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Düzce University, Düzce, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Akar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Emine Demirel-Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Artvin Çoruh University, Artvin, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim CW, Joo SY, Kim B, Kim JY, Jang S, Tzeng SJ, Lee SJ, Kim M, Kim I. Single cell transcriptome analyses reveal the roles of B cells in fructose-induced hypertension. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1279439. [PMID: 38045685 PMCID: PMC10691591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1279439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale While the immune system plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension, the specific contributions of distinct immune cell populations remain incompletely understood. The emergence of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology enables us to analyze the transcriptomes of individual immune cells and to assess the significance of each immune cell type in hypertension development. Objective We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that B cells play a crucial role in the development of fructose-induced hypertension. Methods and Results Eight-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) male rats were divided into two groups and given either tap water (TW) or a 20% fructose solution (HFS) for 4 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method. ScRNA-seq analysis was performed on lamina propria cells (LPs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from SS rats subjected to either TW or HFS. The HFS treatment induced hypertension in the SS rats. The analysis revealed 27 clusters in LPs and 28 clusters in PBMCs, allowing for the identification and characterization of various immune cell types within each cluster. Specifically, B cells and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells were prominent in LPs, while B cells and M1 macrophages dominated PBMCs in the HFS group. Moreover, the HFS treatment triggered an increase in the number of B cells in both LPs and PBMCs, accompanied by activation of the interferon pathway. Conclusions The significant involvement of B cells in intestinal and PBMC responses indicates their pivotal contribution to the development of hypertension. This finding suggests that targeting B cells could be a potential strategy to mitigate high blood pressure in fructose-induced hypertension. Moreover, the simultaneous increase in follicular B cells and Tfh cells in LPs, along with the upregulation of interferon pathway genes in B cells, underscores a potential autoimmune factor contributing to the pathogenesis of fructose-induced hypertension in the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheong-Wun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus Kyungpook National University (KNU) Biomedical Convergence Program, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Joo
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Boa Kim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus Kyungpook National University (KNU) Biomedical Convergence Program, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus Kyungpook National University (KNU) Biomedical Convergence Program, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiang-Jong Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus Kyungpook National University (KNU) Biomedical Convergence Program, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oyabambi AO, Bamidele O, Boluwatife AB, Adedayo LD. Glucoregulatory effect of butyrate is associated with elevated circulating VEGF and reduced cardiac lactate in high fructose fed rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22008. [PMID: 38034766 PMCID: PMC10682615 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High fructose diet has been linked with impaired body metabolism and cardiovascular diseases. Sodium butyrate (NaB) was documented to improve glucoregulation and cardiometabolic problems associated with high fructose diet (HFrD) but the mechanisms behind it are unclear. As a result, the purpose of this study was to look into the effects of NaB on VEGF and cardiac lactate in HFrD-induced dysmetabolism. Methods Twenty male Wistar rats of weight 130-140 g were assigned randomly after a week of acclimation into four groups: Control diet (CTR), High fructose drink (HFrD); 10 % (w/v), NaB (200 mg/kg bw), and HFrD + NaB (200 mg/kg bw). The animals were induced to be unconscious with 50 mg/kg of pentobarbital sodium intraperitoneally, blood samples were taken via cardiac puncture and cardiac tissue homogenates were obtained for Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and plasma insulin, cardiac glycogen, plasma and cardiac glycogen synthase, plasma and cardiac nitric oxide as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Result HFrD resulted in statistical elevation body and cardiac weight, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, cardiac lactate, glycogen and decreased nitric oxide level (NO) when compared with the control group. Administration of NaB reduced cardiac weight, blood glucose, plasma insulin, cardiac lactate while nitric oxide and glycogen increased (P < 0.05). NaB increased plasma glycogen synthase in normal rats, plasma and cardiac circulating VEGF in HFrD administered rats (P < 0.05) while no change was produced in plasma and cardiac glycogen synthase level of HFrD treated rats. Conclusion Sodium butyrate improves glucoregulation by reducing cardiac lactate and increasing circulating VEGF in HFrD-treated rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adewumi Oluwafemi Oyabambi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Physiology Programme, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olubayode Bamidele
- Physiology Programme, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Aindero Blessing Boluwatife
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Dayo Adedayo
- Physiology Programme, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khan M, Shah MA, Kamal M, Ola MS, Ali M, Panichayupakaranant P. Comparative Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Lawsone Methyl Ether and Lawsone in Nicotinamide-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Metabolites 2023; 13:863. [PMID: 37512570 PMCID: PMC10386053 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study uncovered potent inhibitory effects of two naphthoquinones from Impatiens balsamina, namely lawsone methyl ether (2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, LME) and lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), against α-glucosidase. This gave us the insight to compare the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of LME and lawsone in high-fat/high-fructose-diet- and nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 28 days. LME and lawsone at the doses of 15, 30, and 45 mg/kg, respectively, produced a substantial and dose-dependent reduction in the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and food/water intake while boosting the insulin levels and body weights of diabetic rats. Additionally, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in diabetic rats were significantly normalized by LME and lawsone, without affecting the normal rats. LME at a dose of 45 mg/kg exhibited the most potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects, which were significantly comparable to glibenclamide but higher than those of lawsone. Furthermore, the toxicity evaluation indicated that both naphthoquinones were entirely safe for use in rodent models at doses ≤ 50 mg/kg. Therefore, the remarkable antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potentials of LME make it a promising option for future drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan
| | | | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Shamsul Ola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehboob Ali
- Senior Scientist Toxicology Invivotek Nexus, a Genesis Biotech Group LLC Company, 17 Black Forest RD, Hamilton, NJ 08690, USA
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai 90112, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jones R, Shafiq L, Idowu B, Radhakrishnan NS, Fromm J. Abdominal Ecchymosis: Emergency, or Urgen-C? Cureus 2023; 15:e38091. [PMID: 37252579 PMCID: PMC10209748 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Scurvy is a multisystem disease caused by vitamin C deficiency, historically associated with lethargy, gingivitis, ecchymosis, edema, and death if left untreated. Contemporary socioeconomic risk factors for scurvy include smoking, alcohol abuse, fad diets, mental health conditions, social isolation, and economic marginalization. Food insecurity is also a risk factor. This report describes a case of a man in his 70s who presented with unexplained dyspnea, abdominal pain, and abdominal ecchymosis. His plasma vitamin C level was undetectable, and he improved with vitamin C supplementation. This case highlights the significance of awareness of these risk factors and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive social and dietary history to enable the timely treatment of this rare but potentially fatal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riley Jones
- Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | - Leila Shafiq
- Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Benmichael Idowu
- Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Jason Fromm
- Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Baig N, Sultan R, Qureshi SA. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Centratherum anthelminticum (L.) Kuntze seed oil in diabetic nephropathy via modulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:301. [PMID: 36401276 PMCID: PMC9675141 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) approximately constitutes 90% of the reported cases. 30-40% of diabetics eventually develop diabetic nephropathy (DN); accounting for one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. Increased glucose autoxidation and non-enzymatic glycation of proteins in diabetic kidneys lead to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that results in lipid peroxidation and activation of inflammatory mediators which overwhelms the scavenging capacity of the antioxidant defense system (Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1). Centratherum anthelminticum commonly called as kali zeeri (bitter cumin) and its seeds are well known for culinary purposes in Asia (Pakistan). It has reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities. The present study has attempted to explore the in-vivo anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential of the C. anthelminticum seed’s fixed oil (FO) and its fractions in high fat-high fructose-streptozotocin (HF-HFr-STZ) induced T2DM rat model. Methods The T2DM rat model was developed by giving a high-fat and high-fructose diet followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ 60 mg/kg) on 28th day of the trial. After 72 hours of this injection, rats showing fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels≥230 mg/dL were recruited into six groups. These groups were orally administered distilled water (1 mL/kg), Gliclazide (200 mg/kg), Centratherum anthelminticum seed (FO) and its hexane (HF), chloroform (CF) and ethanol (EF) soluble fractions (200 mg/kg each), respectively for 4 weeks (i.e. 28 days). Blood, serum, and kidney tissue samples of euthanized animals were used for biochemical, pro-inflammatory, and antioxidant markers (ELISA, qRT-PCR, and spectrophotometric assays) and histology, respectively. Results C. anthelminticum FO and its fractions reduced the lipid peroxidation, and improved the antioxidant parameters: enzymatic (SOD, CAT, and GPx), non-enzymatic (GSH), and mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory markers (Nrf-2, keap1, and HO-1). mRNA expression of inflammatory and apoptotic markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-1, NF-κB, Bax, and Bcl-2) were attenuated along with improved kidney architecture. Conclusion C. anthelminticum can mitigate inflammation and oxidative stress in early DN. The anti-nephropathic effect can be attributed to its ability to down-regulate NF-κB and by bringing the Nrf-2 expression levels to near normal. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03776-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nida Baig
- grid.412080.f0000 0000 9363 9292Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Medical Technology, Dow University of Health Sciences, OJHA Campus, Karachi, Pakistan ,grid.266518.e0000 0001 0219 3705Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Sultan
- grid.266518.e0000 0001 0219 3705Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shamim Akhtar Qureshi
- grid.266518.e0000 0001 0219 3705Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bugga P, Mohammed SA, Alam MJ, Katare P, Meghwani H, Maulik SK, Arava S, Banerjee SK. Empagliflozin prohibits high-fructose diet-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats via attenuation of mitochondria-driven oxidative stress. Life Sci 2022; 307:120862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Quan X, Guo Q, Li X, Liang Y, Cui M, Li J, Huang S, Wang J, Li B. Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes improves glucose and lipid metabolism and liver injury in high fructose-induced mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14134. [PMID: 35332572 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes, as a traditional medicinal and edible plant used in Tibet, China, is used to treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and liver diseases. In recent decades, excessive fructose intake with diet has greatly increased the occurrence of a series of metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of an ethanol extract of M. toringoides (EMT) on glucose and lipid metabolism and liver injury in high fructose-induced mice. The C57BL/6J male mice were orally administrated with 30% fructose solution for 8 weeks, and EMT was given orally for another 8 weeks. The level of liver lipids related parameters, hepatic oxidative stress, and inflammatory mediators was detected by the kits. The improving effects of EMT on liver injury and lipid accumulation of mice were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Oil Red O staining. In vitro, the hypolipidemic effect of EMT on palmitic acid-induced HepG2 cells was detected by the kits and Oil Red O staining. Our results showed that EMT has the hypolipidemic effect in vivo and in vitro, and can improve liver injury caused by fructose intake though ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Thus, we suggested that EMT may be a candidate therapeutic agent to improve a series of metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Our study was aimed to find a novel candidate drug for liver diseases using natural products. We assessed the protective effects of Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes in the pathogenesis of glucose and lipid metabolism. In vivo, the plant significantly improved the disorder of blood lipid and blood glucose, and liver injury in mice induced by fructose, and in vitro, this plant significantly improved the lipid accumulation of HepG2 cells induced by palmitic acid. To sum up, our studies suggested that the plant may be beneficial in the prevention and management of diet-induced abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and liver diseases. Therefore, it will be a candidate therapeutic agent to improve liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghua Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qie Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengna Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jule Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Research for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Busnatu SS, Salmen T, Pana MA, Rizzo M, Stallone T, Papanas N, Popovic D, Tanasescu D, Serban D, Stoian AP. The Role of Fructose as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor: An Update. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010067. [PMID: 35050189 PMCID: PMC8779080 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing presence of fructose in food and drinks, and some evidence suggests that its higher consumption increases cardiovascular risk, although the mechanisms still remain not fully elucidated. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still responsible for one-third of deaths worldwide, and therefore, their prevention should be assessed and managed comprehensively and not by the evaluation of individual risk factor components. Lifestyle risk factors for CVD include low degree of physical activity, high body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking, and nutritional factors. Indeed, nutritional risk factors for CVD include unhealthy dietary behaviors, such as high intake of refined foods, unhealthy fats, added sugars, and sodium and a low intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fiber, fish, and nuts. Even though there is no definitive association between CVD incidence and high consumption of total sugar, such as sucrose and fructose, there is, however, evidence that total sugars, added sugars, and fructose are harmfully associated with CVD mortality. Since high fructose intake is associated with elevated plasma triglyceride levels, as well as insulin resistance, diabetes hyperuricemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, further longitudinal studies should be conducted to fully elucidate the potential association between certain sugars and CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan-Sebastian Busnatu
- Cardiology Department Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-S.B.); (M.-A.P.)
| | - Teodor Salmen
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Prof. Dr. N.C.Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 030167 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria-Alexandra Pana
- Cardiology Department Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.-S.B.); (M.-A.P.)
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), School of Medicine, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Stallone
- Italian Council and Pension Funds for Biologist Enpab, 00153 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Centre-Diabetic Foot Clinic, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece;
| | - Djordje Popovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, 21102 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Denisa Tanasescu
- Fourth Department of Dental Medicine and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Lucian Blaga’ University, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Dragos Serban
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Forth Department of General Surgery, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Salvaras L, Kovacic T, Janega P, Liptak B, Sasvariova M, Michalikova D, Tyukos Kaprinay B, Bezek S, Sotnikova R, Knezl V, Sankovicova T, Gasparova Z. Synthetic Pyridoindole and Rutin Affect Upregulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Heart Function in Rats Fed a High-Fat-Fructose Diet. Physiol Res 2021; 70:851-863. [PMID: 34717058 PMCID: PMC8815465 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) belongs to the serious health complications expanding in cardiovascular diseases, obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia. In this study, hypertriacylglycerolemic rats fed a high-fat-fructose diet (HFFD) were used as an experimental model of MetS to explore the effect of tested compounds. Effects of a new prospective pyridoindole derivative coded SMe1EC2 and the natural polyphenol rutin were tested. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) expression were assessed in the left ventricle immunohistochemically and left ventricle activity was monitored in isolated perfused rat hearts. NOS3 activity in the left ventricle decreased markedly as a result of a HFFD. NOS3 expression was upregulated by both substances. NF-?B expression was increased in the MetS group in comparison to control rats and the expression further increased in the SMe1EC2 treatment. This compound significantly improved the coronary flow in comparison to the control group during reperfusion of the heart followed after ischemia. Further, it tended to increase left ventricular systolic pressure, heart product, rate of maximal contraction and relaxation, and coronary flow during baseline assessment. Moreover, the compound SMe1EC2 decreased the sensitivity of hearts to electrically induced ventricular fibrillation. Contrary to this rutin decreased coronary flow in reperfusion. Present results suggest that despite upregulation of NOS3 by both substances tested, pyridoindole SMe1EC2 rather than rutin could be suitable in treatment strategies of cardiovascular disorders in MetS-like conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Salvaras
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng WL, Li SJ, Lee TI, Lee TW, Chung CC, Kao YH, Chen YJ. Sugar Fructose Triggers Gut Dysbiosis and Metabolic Inflammation with Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:728. [PMID: 34201938 PMCID: PMC8301417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose is a main dietary sugar involved in the excess sugar intake-mediated progression of cardiovascular diseases and cardiac arrhythmias. Chronic intake of fructose has been the focus on the possible contributor to the metabolic diseases and cardiac inflammation. Recently, the small intestine was identified to be a major organ in fructose metabolism. The overconsumption of fructose induces dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, which, in turn, increases intestinal permeability and activates host inflammation. Endotoxins and metabolites of the gut microbiota, such as lipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine N-oxide, and short-chain fatty acids, also influence the host inflammation and cardiac biofunctions. Thus, high-fructose diets cause heart-gut axis disorders that promote cardiac arrhythmia. Understanding how gut microbiota dysbiosis-mediated inflammation influences the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmia may provide mechanisms for cardiac arrhythmogenesis. This narrative review updates our current understanding of the roles of excessive intake of fructose on the heart-gut axis and proposes potential strategies for inflammation-associated cardiac vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Li Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (S.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Jung Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan; (W.-L.C.); (S.-J.L.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-I.L.); (T.-W.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (T.-I.L.); (T.-W.L.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chung
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Handayani D, Febrianingsih E, Desi Kurniawati A, Kusumastuty I, Nurmalitasari S, Widyanto RM, Oktaviani DN, Maghfirotun Innayah A, Sulistyowati E. High-fructose diet initially promotes increased aortic wall thickness, liver steatosis, and cardiac histopathology deterioration, but does not increase body fat index. J Public Health Res 2021; 10:2181. [PMID: 33855398 PMCID: PMC8129768 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary fats and fructose have been responsible for inducing obesity and body tissues damage due to the consequence of metabolic syndrome through several mechanisms. The body fat index (BFI) is one of the anthropometric measures used to detect obesity in rats. This study aims to examine the correlation between high-fat high-fructose diet and liver steatosis cell count, early atherosclerosis characteristics, and BFI in Sprague Dawley Rats. DESIGN AND METHODS This was an experimental design using 2 groups of 12-weeks-old Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The control group received a standard diet and tap water beverages for 17 weeks. The intervention group was fed with high-fat diet from modified AIN 93-M and additional 30% fructose drink. We analyzed the foam cell count, aortic wall thickness, cardiac histopathology, and liver steatosis cell count after the sacrifice process. RESULTS The rats in the intervention group had a higher aortic wall thickness, liver steatosis, and foam cell count (+125%, p<0.01; +317%, p<0.01 and +165%, p<0.01 respectively) compared to the control group. The intervention group also showed higher mononuclear inflammatory and hypertrophic cell count. A significant positive correlation was found between dietary fructose with premature atherosclerosis by increasing foam cell count (r=0.66) and aortic wall thickness (r=0.68). In addition, 30% dietary fructose increased liver steatosis (r =0.69) and mononuclear inflammatory cardiac cell count (r=0.61). Interestingly, the intervention had no effect on BFI (p>0.5; r=0.13). CONCLUSIONS Dietary fat and fructose consumption for 17 weeks promote atherosclerosis, liver steatosis, and cardiac histopathology alteration without increasing BFI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Handayani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
| | | | | | - Inggita Kusumastuty
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim M, Kim I. Ovariectomy, but not orchiectomy, exacerbates metabolic syndrome after maternal high-fructose intake in adult offspring. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:39-49. [PMID: 33361536 PMCID: PMC7756538 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High fructose diet is associated with the global metabolic syndrome (MtS) pandemic. MtS develops in early life, depending on prenatal and postnatal nutritional status. We hypothesized that ovariectomy increases the chances of developing MtS in adult offspring following high fructose intake by the mother. Pregnant C57BL/6J mouse dams drank water with or without 20% fructose during pregnancy and lactation. After weaning, the pups were fed regular chow. The offspring were evaluated until they were 7 months of age after the mice in each group, both sexes, were gonadectomized at 4 weeks of age. The offspring (both sexes) of the dams who had high fructose intake developed MtS. In the offspring of dams who drank tap water, orchiectomy increased the body weight gain and body fat accumulation, while ovariectomy increased the body fat accumulation as compared to the sham controls. In the offspring of dams with high fructose intake, orchiectomy decreased the body weight gain, body fat accumulation, visceral adiposity, and glucose intolerance, while ovariectomy exacerbated all of them as compared to the sham operations. These data indicate that ovariectomy encourages the development of MtS in adult offspring after maternal high fructose intake, while orchiectomy prevents the development of MtS. The sex difference indicates that male and female sex hormones play contradictory roles in the development of MtS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guimarães RC, Gonçalves TT, Leiria LO. Exploiting oxidized lipids and the lipid-binding GPCRs against cardiometabolic diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:531-549. [PMID: 33169375 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids govern vital cellular processes and drive physiological changes in response to different pathological or environmental cues. Lipid species can be roughly divided into structural and signalling lipids. The former is essential for membrane composition, while the latter are usually oxidized lipids. These mediators provide beneficial effects against cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including fatty-liver diseases, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, obesity, and Type 2 diabetes. For instance, several oxylipins were recently found to improve glucose homeostasis, increase insulin secretion, and inhibit platelet aggregation, while specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are able to ameliorate CMD by shaping the immune system. These lipids act mainly by stimulating GPCRs. In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the current state of the literature on signalling lipids in the context of CMD. We also highlight the network encompassing the lipid-modifying enzymes and the lipid-binding GPCRs, as well as their interactions in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago T Gonçalves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Leiria
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Patel SS. Antidiabetic potential of gallic acid from Emblica officinalis: Improved glucose transporters and insulin sensitivity through PPAR-γ and Akt signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 73:152906. [PMID: 31064680 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nature has gifted a variety of vital phytochemicals having potential therapeutic application against various ailments. Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis), an ancient plant, has long been used as a remedy for diabetes and cardiovascular complications, and presence of abundant amount of gallic acid could be accountable for its medicinal potential. PURPOSE The study was aimed to determine the in-vivo and in-vitro anti-diabetic potential of gallic acid and fruit juice of E. officinalis. Molecular mechanism of gallic acid as well as fruit juice of E. officinalis for anti-diabetic potential has also been revealed. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY DESIGN Anti-diabetic potential of E. officinalis and gallic acid was evaluated in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and various animal models like db/db mice and fructose administered rats. PPAR-γ expression and glucose translocation were observed using western blot and PCR techniques. RESULTS Treatment of E. officinalis fruit juice and gallic acid facilitated their glucose homeostasis; improved insulin sensitivity; reduced obesity; abridged elevated blood pressure and declined cholesterol level, and also induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mechanistically, treatment increased expression of PPAR-γ through activation of C/EBPs and simultaneously increased Glut4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, gallic acid treatment increased insulin sensitivity through activation of Akt rather than AMPK signaling pathway while fruit juice of E. officinalis showed dual activation, Akt and AMPK as well. CONCLUSION These findings reveal the role of gallic acid in E. officinalis mediated antidiabetic potential, and delineate the upregulation of pAkt, PPAR-γ and Glut4 in gallic acid mediated antidiabetic activity, thus providing potential therapy for diabetes and related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh C Variya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Anita K Bakrania
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Engel MMS, Kusumastuty I, Anita KW, Handayani D. The Effect of High Fat High Fructose Diet (Modification of AIN-93M) on Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta Expression in the Liver Tissue of Male Sprague Dawley Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1374/1/012042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Metabolic inflammation (low-grade inflammation) remains an etiopathogenic key factor in the development of metabolic syndrome. Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (NF-κβ) is a transcription regulator of genes having a role in immunity, the inflammatory response which can be associated with obesity-related pathological conditions like nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD). Various stimuli, such as metabolic stress (hyperglycemia, ROS, fat metabolism) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) could activate NF-κβ. This study was aimed to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAFLD in rats fed a modified AIN-93M HFHF (High Fat High Fructose) diet. The design of this study was experimental post-test only controlled group design. Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were distributed into 2 treatment groups by a completely randomized design (CRD) technique. The sacrifice was performed after 17 weeks of treatment. NF-κβ expression was assessed by an immunohistochemical method (IRS score). The results showed there were significant differences in feed intake and energy intake between groups P1 and P2 (p = 0,000, p = 0,000). The average NF-κβ expression in the P2 group was significantly higher (p = 0.000) compared to the control group (P1). The correlation test between dietary intake and NF-κβ expression proved that there was a positive correlation between energy, carbohydrate and fat intake on NF-κβ expression (p = 0.001, 0.000, 0.046). However, there was a negative relationship between protein intake and NF-κβ expression (p = 0.000). This study concluded the modified AIN-93M HFHF diet increased NF-κβ expression in the liver tissue of male Sprague Dawley rats.
Collapse
|
19
|
KRIT1 Deficiency Promotes Aortic Endothelial Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194930. [PMID: 31590384 PMCID: PMC6801783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding Krev interaction trapped protein 1 (KRIT1) are associated with the pathogenesis of Cerebral Cavernous Malformation (CCM), a major cerebrovascular disease characterized by abnormally enlarged and leaky capillaries and affecting 0.5% of the human population. However, growing evidence demonstrates that KRIT1 is implicated in the modulation of major redox-sensitive signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in adaptive responses to oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting that its loss-of-function mutations may have pathological effects not limited to CCM disease. The aim of this study was to address whether KRIT1 loss-of-function predisposes to the development of pathological conditions associated with enhanced endothelial cell susceptibility to oxidative stress and inflammation, such as arterial endothelial dysfunction (ED) and atherosclerosis. Silencing of KRIT1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) resulted in increased expression of endothelial proinflammatory adhesion molecules vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and in enhanced susceptibility to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced apoptosis. These effects were associated with a downregulation of Notch1 activation that could be rescued by antioxidant treatment, suggesting that they are consequent to altered intracellular redox homeostasis induced by KRIT1 loss-of-function. Furthermore, analysis of the aorta of heterozygous KRIT1+/- mice fed a high-fructose diet to induce systemic oxidative stress and inflammation demonstrated a 1.6-fold increased expression of VCAM-1 and an approximately 2-fold enhanced fat accumulation (7.5% vs 3.6%) in atherosclerosis-prone regions, including the aortic arch and aortic root, as compared to corresponding wild-type littermates. In conclusion, we found that KRIT1 deficiency promotes ED, suggesting that, besides CCM, KRIT1 may be implicated in genetic susceptibility to the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
Collapse
|
20
|
Tavares CO, Rost FL, Silva RB, Dagnino AP, Adami B, Schirmer H, de Figueiredo JAP, Souto AA, Maito FDM, Campos MM. Cross Talk between Apical Periodontitis and Metabolic Disorders: Experimental Evidence on the Role of Intestinal Adipokines and Akkermansia muciniphila. J Endod 2019; 45:174-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
21
|
Wang KW, Xiao BQ, Li BH, Liu YY, Wei ZY, Rao JH, Chen JH. Effects of fat-to-sugar ratio in excess dietary energy on lipid abnormalities: a 7-month prospective feeding study in adult cynomolgus monkeys. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:1. [PMID: 30611256 PMCID: PMC6320598 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess energy intake contributes to metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between excess sugar and fat in their contributions to metabolic abnormalities remains to be further elucidated. Here we conducted a prospective feeding experiment to evaluate effects of dietary fat-to-sugar ratio on diet-induced metabolic abnormalities in adult cynomolgus monkeys. METHODS Four groups of adult cynomolgus monkeys were fed regular chow plus emulsion with combinations of high sugar (HS) or low sugar (HS) and low fat (LF) or high fat (HF) for 7 months. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and blood glucose were measured for all the four groups of animals during the experiment. RESULTS Plasma levels of TC and LDL-C gradually increased in all 4 diets groups, with the highest increase found in the LSHF group compared to the other three groups (P = 0.0018 and P = 0.0005 respectively). HF induced increased fasting glucose (P = 0.0077) and HS induced higher TG (P = 0.0227) respectively. Intriguingly, HSHF led to dramatically smaller magnitude of increase in LDL-C and TC levels compared to LSHF, while such difference was absent between the LSLF and LSHF groups. Our findings thus indicate interactive effects of HS and HF on TC and LDL-C. In addition, HF exhibited stronger effects on lipid abnormalities than HS. CONCLUSIONS In the current study, our prospective feeding experiment in adult cynomolgus monkeys revealed effects of different fat-to-sugar ratios on diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Furthermore, our findings suggest that not only excess dietary energy but also the balance of dietary fat-to-sugar ratio matters in diet-induced lipid abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Wang
- Department for hospital infection, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Third People's Hospital), Wuxi, 214041, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Jiangnan University, No 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bai-Quan Xiao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bi-Hai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Yan Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wei
- Department for hospital infection, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Third People's Hospital), Wuxi, 214041, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Jiangnan University, No 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Hua Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 105 Xingang Rd. West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Jiangnan University and Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Jiangnan University, No 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Beydogan AB, Coskun ZM, Bolkent S. The protective effects of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol against inflammation and oxidative stress in rat liver with fructose-induced hyperinsulinemia. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:408-416. [PMID: 30427077 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A large amount of fructose is metabolized in the liver and causes hepatic functional damage. Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is known as a therapeutic agent for clinical and experimental applications. The study aims to investigate the effects of THC treatment on inflammation, lipid profiles and oxidative stress in rat liver with hyperinsulinemia. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups: control, fructose (10% fructose in drinking water for 12 weeks), THC (1.5 mg/kg/day for the last 4 weeks, intraperitoneally) and fructose+THC groups. Biochemical parameters were measured spectrophotometrically. ELISA method was used for insulin measurement. Apoptosis and inflammation markers were detected by the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method. KEY FINDINGS The consumptions of food and fluid are inversely proportional to fructose and non-fructose groups. Insulin levels were the highest in fructose group. The reduced glutathione-S-transferase level significantly increased in fructose + THC group compared with fructose group. Total cholesterol level in the fructose + THC group was higher than the fructose group. Caspase-3 and NF-κβ immunopositive cell numbers increased in fructose + THC rats compared with fructose group. The number of IL-6 immunopositive cell decreased in fructose + THC group compared with fructose group. CONCLUSIONS According to the result, long-term and low-dose THC administration may reduce hyperinsulinemia and inflammation in rats to some extent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Bahar Beydogan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Mine Coskun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Bolkent
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Elrashidy RA, Zhang J, Liu G. Long-term consumption of Western diet contributes to endothelial dysfunction and aortic remodeling in rats: Implication of Rho-kinase signaling. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:174-180. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1462375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rania A. Elrashidy
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Capital Medical University Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guiming Liu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rodríguez V, Rivoira M, Guizzardi S, Tolosa de Talamoni N. Naringin prevents the inhibition of intestinal Ca 2+ absorption induced by a fructose rich diet. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 636:1-10. [PMID: 29122589 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study tries to elucidate the mechanisms by which fructose rich diets (FRD) inhibit the rat intestinal Ca2+ absorption, and determine if any or all underlying alterations are prevented by naringin (NAR). Male rats were divided into: 1) controls, 2) treated with FRD, 3) treated with FRD and NAR. The intestinal Ca2+ absorption and proteins of the transcellular and paracellular Ca2+ pathways were measured. Oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation parameters were evaluated. FRD rats showed inhibition of the intestinal Ca2+ absorption and decrease in the protein expression of molecules of both Ca2+ pathways, which were blocked by NAR. FRD rats showed an increase in the superoxide anion, a decrease in the glutathione and in the enzymatic activities of the antioxidant system, as well as an increase in the NO content and in the nitrotyrosine content of proteins. They also exhibited an increase in both IL-6 and nuclear NF-κB. All these changes were prevented by NAR. In conclusion, FRD inhibit both pathways of the intestinal Ca2+ absorption due to the oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation. Since NAR prevents the oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation, it might be a drug to avoid alteration in the intestinal Ca2+ absorption caused by FRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Rodríguez
- Laboratorio "Dr. Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Rivoira
- Laboratorio "Dr. Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S Guizzardi
- Laboratorio "Dr. Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N Tolosa de Talamoni
- Laboratorio "Dr. Cañas", Cátedra de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, INICSA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Arginine and aerobic training prevent endothelial and metabolic alterations in rats at high risk for the development of the metabolic syndrome. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:1-10. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEndothelial function is a key mechanism in the development of CVD. Arginine and exercise are important non-pharmacological strategies for mitigating the impact of metabolic changes in the metabolic syndrome, but the effect of their combined administration is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the isolated and combined effects of aerobic training and arginine supplementation on metabolic variables and vascular reactivity in rats at high risk for developing the metabolic syndrome. Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control and fructose (F – water with 10 % fructose). After 2 weeks, the F group was divided into four groups: F, fructose+arginine (FA, 880 mg/kg per d of l-arginine), fructose+training (FT) and fructose+arginine+training (FTA); treatments lasted for 8 weeks, and no difference was observed in body mass gain. Arginine did not improve the body protein content, and both the FA and FT groups show a reversal of the increase in adipose tissue. Insulin increase was prevented by training and arginine, without additive effect, and the increase in serum TAG was prevented only by training. The F group showed impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation and hyperreactivity to phenylephrine, but arginine and training were capable of preventing these effects, even separately. Higher nitric oxide level was observed in the FA and FT groups, and no potentiating effect was detected. Thus, only training was able to prevent the increase in TAG and improve the protein mass, and training and arginine exert similar effects on fat content, insulin and endothelial function, but these effects are not additive.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bogush M, Heldt NA, Persidsky Y. Blood Brain Barrier Injury in Diabetes: Unrecognized Effects on Brain and Cognition. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:593-601. [PMID: 28555373 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9752-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder due to the inability properly to metabolize glucose associated with dysregulation of metabolic pathways of lipids and proteins resulting in structural and functional changes of various organ systems. DM has detrimental effects on the vasculature, resulting in the development of various cardiovascular diseases and stemming from microvascular injury. The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized structure protecting the unique microenvironment of the brain. Endothelial cells, connected by junctional complexes and expressing numerous transporters, constitute the main cell type in the BBB. Other components, including pericytes, basement membrane, astrocytes and perivascular macrophages, join endothelial cells to form the neurovascular unit (NVU) and contribute to the proper function and integrity of the BBB. The role of the BBB in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy and other diabetes-related complications in the central nervous system is apparent. However, the mechanisms, timing and consequences of BBB injury in diabetes are not well understood. The importance of further studies related to barrier dysfunction in diabetes is dictated by its potential involvement in the cognitive demise associated with DM. This review summarizes the impact of DM on BBB/NVU integrity and function leading to neurological and cognitive complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bogush
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Nathan A Heldt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bidwell AJ. Chronic Fructose Ingestion as a Major Health Concern: Is a Sedentary Lifestyle Making It Worse? A Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060549. [PMID: 28555043 PMCID: PMC5490528 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity contributes to metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance, all of which are risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. The growing prevelance of metabolic syndrome seems to be an end result of our current lifestyle which promotes high caloric, high-fat foods and minimal physical activity, resulting in a state of positive energy balance. Increased adiposity and physical inactivity may represent the beginning of the appearance of these risk factors. Understanding the metabolic and cardiovascular disturbances associated with diet and exercise habits is a crucial step towards reducing the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Although considerable research has been conducted linking chronic fructose ingestion to the increased prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome risk factors, these studies have mainly been performed on animals, and/or in a post-absorptive state. Further, the magnitude of the effect of fructose may depend on other aspects of the diet, including the total amount of carbohydrates and fats in the diet and the overall consumption of meals. Therefore, the overall aim of this review paper is to examine the effects of a diet high in fructose on postprandial lipidemia, inflammatory markers and glucose tolerance, all risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, an objective is to investigate whether increased physical activity can alter such effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Bidwell
- Department of Health Promotion and Wellness, State University of New York at Oswego, 105G Park Hall, Oswego, NY 13027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zubiría MG, Gambaro SE, Rey MA, Carasi P, Serradell MDLÁ, Giovambattista A. Deleterious Metabolic Effects of High Fructose Intake: The Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus kefiri Administration. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050470. [PMID: 28513533 PMCID: PMC5452200 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern lifestyle and diets have been associated with metabolic disorders and an imbalance in the normal gut microbiota. Probiotics are widely known for their health beneficial properties targeting the gut microbial ecosystem. The aim of our study was to evaluate the preventive effect of Lactobacillus kefiri (L. kefiri) administration in a fructose-rich diet (FRD) mice model. Mice were provided with tap water or fructose-added (20% w/v) drinking water supplemented or not with L. kefiri. Results showed that probiotic administration prevented weight gain and epidydimal adipose tissue (EAT) expansion, with partial reversion of the adipocyte hypertrophy developed by FRD. Moreover, the probiotic prevented the increase of plasma triglycerides and leptin, together with the liver triglyceride content. Leptin adipocyte secretion was also improved by L. kefiri, being able to respond to an insulin stimulus. Glucose intolerance was partially prevented by L. kefiri treatment (GTT) and local inflammation (TNFα; IL1β; IL6 and INFγ) was completely inhibited in EAT. L. kefiri supplementation generated an impact on gut microbiota composition, changing Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes profiles. Overall, our results indicate that the administration of probiotics prevents the deleterious effects of FRD intake and should therefore be promoted to improve metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Guillermina Zubiría
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), 526 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
- Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Sabrina Eliana Gambaro
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), 526 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - María Amanda Rey
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), 526 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Paula Carasi
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115 s/n, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - María de Los Ángeles Serradell
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115 s/n, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Andrés Giovambattista
- Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Institute of Cellular Biology (IMBICE, CICPBA-CONICET-UNLP), 526 10 y 11, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
- Biology Department, School of Exact Sciences, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|