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Matthan NR, Lovato L, Petersen KS, Kris-Etherton PM, Sabate J, Rajaram S, Li Z, Reboussin DM, Lichtenstein AH. Effect of daily avocado consumption for 6 mo compared with habitual diet on red blood cell fatty acid profiles and association with cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with abdominal obesity: a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00660-9. [PMID: 39128497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avocado intake improves dietary fat quality, but the subsequent impact on red blood cell (RBC) saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), and trans-fatty acid (TFA) composition and association with cardiometabolic health, has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of consuming 1 avocado/d relative to habitual diet (HAB) on RBC-FA profiles, and their association with visceral adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in individuals with abdominal obesity. METHODS RBC-FA profiling at baseline, 3- and 6 mo was conducted in participants (n = 994) from the Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial (HAT). HAT was a multisite, free-living, parallel-arm intervention study in which participants were randomly assigned to either the avocado-supplemented group (AVO, usual diet with 1 avocado/d) or the HAB group (usual diet with limited avocado intake) for 6 mo. Changes in RBC-FA profiles, a secondary outcome measure, were determined within and between groups using linear regression and mixed effect models, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, clinical site, smoking status, and percentage of energy intake from fat at baseline. The association between changes in RBC-FAs with visceral adiposity measures and CMRFs was assessed after covariate and False Discovery Rate (FDR <0.05) adjustment. RESULTS No major differences in RBC-FA profiles were observed between groups, with the exception of MUFA cis-vaccenic [18:1n-7c], which was significantly higher in AVO (β: 0.11 [0.05, 0.17]) compared with the HAB (β: 0.03 [-0.03, 0.08]) participants. In the HAB but not AVO group, increases in MUFA cis (18:1n-7c, oleic [18;1n-9c], erucic [22:1n-9c]) and MUFA trans (palmitelaidic [16:1n-7t], vaccenic [18:1n-7t], elaidic [18:1n-9t], and petroselaidic [18;1n-10-12t), as well as PUFA γ-linolenic [18:3n-6], dihomo-γ-linolenic [20:3n-6], arachidonic [20:4n-6], and α-linolenic [18:3n-3] were associated with unfavorable changes in visceral adiposity measures, lipid profiles, glucose, insulin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Daily avocado intake over 6-mo modified RBC-MUFA composition, notably 18:1n-7c, and potentially mitigated some of the unfavorable individual RBC-FA-CMRF associations observed over time in the HAB group. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/study as NCT03528031.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Laura Lovato
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Joan Sabate
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David M Reboussin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Bersch-Ferreira ÂC, Stein E, Waclawovsky G, da Silva LR, Machado RHV, Weschenfelder C, Figueiro MF, Suzumura EA, Santos RHN, Duarte GBS, Rogero MM, de Abreu-Silva EO, Cavalcanti AB, Marcadenti A. Effect of nuts on lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03455-2. [PMID: 38967674 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nut-enriched diets are related to improve lipid and inflammatory biomarkers in meta-analyses in the context of primary cardiovascular prevention. However, primary studies on secondary cardiovascular prevention are scarce and controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of nut supplementation on lipid and inflammatory profiles in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and the frequency of adverse events. METHODS Six databases were used for research: PubMed, EMBASE, BVS, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov, until February 2023, with no language restrictions. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to compare nut-enriched diets vs. control diets for pre-post intervention changes. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system assessed the evidence's certainty. RESULTS From the 5187 records identified, eight publications containing data referring to five randomized clinical trials involving 439 participants were included in the final analyses. The nuts evaluated were almonds, pecans, Brazil nuts, and mixed nuts, with doses ranging between 5 g and 85 g (median: 30 g/day). The intervention time varied between 6 and 12 weeks. Compared to nut-free diets, nut intake did not have a statistically significant effect on lipid profile biomarkers, except on the atherogenic index (MD: -0.32 [95% CI -0.58 to -0.06], I2 = 0% - moderate certainty of the evidence). Similarly, there was no effect of nuts on inflammatory profile biomarkers. It was not possible to aggregate data on adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Nut supplementation did not change lipid and inflammatory profiles in the secondary cardiovascular prevention setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela C Bersch-Ferreira
- Hcor Teaching Institute, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- PROADI-SUS Office, Real e Benemérita Associação Portuguesa de Beneficência, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elana Stein
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Rachel H V Machado
- Hcor Research Institute, 200 Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 8th floor, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil
| | - Camila Weschenfelder
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Erica A Suzumura
- Preventive Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato H N Santos
- Hcor Research Institute, 200 Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 8th floor, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erlon O de Abreu-Silva
- Hcor Research Institute, 200 Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 8th floor, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil
- Division of Health Care Sciences, Dresden International University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexandre B Cavalcanti
- Hcor Research Institute, 200 Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 8th floor, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
- Hcor Research Institute, 200 Desembargador Eliseu Guilherme, 8th floor, Hcor, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04004-030, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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An R, Perez-Cruet J, Wang J. We got nuts! use deep neural networks to classify images of common edible nuts. Nutr Health 2024; 30:301-307. [PMID: 35861193 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuts are nutrient-dense foods that contribute to healthier eating. Food image datasets enable artificial intelligence (AI) powered diet-tracking apps to help people monitor daily eating patterns. AIM This study aimed to create an image dataset of commonly consumed nut types and use it to build an AI computer vision model to automate nut type classification tasks. METHODS iPhone 11 was used to take photos of 11 nut types-almond, brazil nut, cashew, chestnut, hazelnut, macadamia, peanut, pecan, pine nut, pistachio, and walnut. The dataset contains 2200 images, 200 per nut type. The dataset was randomly split into the training (60% or 1320 images), validation (20% or 440 images), and test sets (20% or 440 images). A neural network model was constructed and trained using transfer learning and other computer vision techniques-data augmentation, mixup, normalization, label smoothing, and learning rate optimization. RESULTS The trained neural network model correctly predicted 338 out of 440 images (40 per nut type) in the validation set, achieving 99.55% accuracy. Moreover, the model classified the 440 images in the test set with 100% accuracy. CONCLUSION This study built a nut image dataset and used it to train a neural network model to classify images by nut type. The model achieved near-perfect accuracy on the validation and test sets, demonstrating the feasibility of automating nut type classification using smartphone photos. Being made open-source, the dataset and model can assist the development of diet-tracking apps that facilitate users' adoption and adherence to a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Brown School, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Kinesiology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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4
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Shin HR, Song S. Association between nut consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1400212. [PMID: 38846545 PMCID: PMC11153677 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1400212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemiological evidence regarding nut consumption and metabolic diseases focuses on Western populations. Nut consumption among Koreans is relatively low, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rapidly increasing, highlighting the need for more focused studies in this population. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between nut consumption and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Methods A total of 112,501 adults (39,481 men and 73,020 women) aged 40-79 years were selected from baseline data of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study-Health Examinees. Nut consumption was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and categorized as non-consumers, <1 serving/week, ≥1 to <2 servings/week, or ≥2 servings/week (15 g per serving). Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined according to the Korean Society of CardioMetabolic Syndrome criteria. Associations between nut consumption and metabolic syndrome and its components were examined using multiple logistic regression with adjustments for potential confounders. Results In the study population, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 21.4% (26.9% in men and 18.4% in women), and the mean nut intake was 0.8 serving/week (0.7 serving/week in men and 0.8 serving/week in women). After adjusting for confounders, higher nut consumption was associated with a lower odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome in individuals consuming ≥2 servings/week compared with non-consumers [OR = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.80-0.91, p for trend <0.001]. Specifically, in men, this level of consumption was associated with a 14% reduction in the OR of metabolic syndrome (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77-0.95, p for trend = 0.028). In women, a similar reduction of 14% was observed (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.80-0.93, p for trend <0.001). Among the metabolic syndrome components, nut consumption was inversely associated with abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and elevated triglycerides in men and women, whereas no associations were observed for elevated blood pressure or elevated fasting blood glucose. Conclusion Our findings suggest that higher nut consumption is inversely associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in Korean adults. Further studies are needed to examine the longitudinal association between nut consumption and metabolic diseases in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - SuJin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhang Z, Gao L, Tao L, Wu T, Suo J, Hu Y, Yu W, Wu J, Song L. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Metabolites and Transcriptome Profiling Reveal Molecular Mechanisms and Differences in Terpene Biosynthesis in Two Torrya grandis Cultivars during Postharvest Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5581. [PMID: 38891770 PMCID: PMC11171539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Terpene aroma compounds are key quality attributes of postharvest Torreya grandis nuts, contributing to their commercial value. However, terpene biosynthesis and regulatory networks in different T. grandis cvs. are still poorly understood. Here, chief cvs. 'Xi Fei' and 'Xiangya Fei' were investigated for their differences in terpene biosynthesis and gene expression levels during postharvest ripening using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and transcriptomic datasets. A total of 28 and 22 aroma compounds were identified in 'Xi Fei' and 'Xiangya Fei', respectively. Interestingly, differences in aroma composition between the two cvs. were mostly attributed to D-limonene and α-pinene levels as key determinants in Torreya nuts' flavor. Further, transcriptome profiling, correlation analysis, and RT-qPCR annotated two novel genes, TgTPS1 in 'Xi Fei' and TgTPS2 in 'Xiangya Fei', involved in terpene biosynthesis. In addition, six transcription factors (TFs) with comparable expression patterns to TgTPS1 and four TFs to TgTPS2 were identified via correlation analysis of a volatile and transcriptome dataset to be involved in terpene biosynthesis. Our study provides novel insight into terpene biosynthesis and its regulation at the molecular level in T. grandis nut and presents a valuable reference for metabolic engineering and aroma improvement in this less explored nut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (L.T.); (T.W.); (J.S.); (Y.H.); (W.Y.)
| | - Lili Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Z.Z.); (L.G.); (L.T.); (T.W.); (J.S.); (Y.H.); (W.Y.)
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Prates SMS, Mügge FLB, Labanca R, Paula-Souza J, Brandão MGL. Cytotoxicity Screening of Sterculia striata A.St.-Hil. & Naudin (Chichá) and Arachis hypogaea L. (Peanut) and Comparative Chemical Profiles Before and After in Vitro Digestion. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38770660 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study traced the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and phytochemical profile before and after in vitro digestion of nuts from Sterculia striata A. St.-Hil. & Naudin (Malvaceae) (chichá or monkey's peanut), a native plant from Brazil, in comparison with Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut). The antioxidant activity in the 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) assays was lower in chichá when compared with peanuts, corroborating the lower concentration of polyphenols. None of the samples studied showed significant cytotoxicity in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromideDAD: diode-array detection (MTT) assays. In vitro digestion altered the phytochemical profile in both plants, increasing the concentration of rutin in fresh and roasted chichá but only in raw peanuts. In roasted peanuts, rutin was converted into quercetin. Chichá nuts have been used by the local population for centuries, and the identification of their bioactive components can be useful to promote their benefits as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Morais Senna Prates
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L B Mügge
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Labanca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Paula-Souza
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Botânica, Rua Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, 216. 88040-535 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria G L Brandão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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An R, Perez-Cruet JM, Wang X, Yang Y. Build Deep Neural Network Models to Detect Common Edible Nuts from Photos and Estimate Nutrient Portfolio. Nutrients 2024; 16:1294. [PMID: 38732541 PMCID: PMC11085677 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuts are nutrient-dense foods and can be incorporated into a healthy diet. Artificial intelligence-powered diet-tracking apps may promote nut consumption by providing real-time, accurate nutrition information but depend on data and model availability. Our team developed a dataset comprising 1380 photographs, each in RGB color format and with a resolution of 4032 × 3024 pixels. These images feature 11 types of nuts that are commonly consumed. Each photo includes three nut types; each type consists of 2-4 nuts, so 6-9 nuts are in each image. Rectangular bounding boxes were drawn using a visual geometry group (VGG) image annotator to facilitate the identification of each nut, delineating their locations within the images. This approach renders the dataset an excellent resource for training models capable of multi-label classification and object detection, as it was meticulously divided into training, validation, and test subsets. Utilizing transfer learning in Python with the IceVision framework, deep neural network models were adeptly trained to recognize and pinpoint the nuts depicted in the photographs. The ultimate model exhibited a mean average precision of 0.7596 in identifying various nut types within the validation subset and demonstrated a 97.9% accuracy rate in determining the number and kinds of nuts present in the test subset. By integrating specific nutritional data for each type of nut, the model can precisely (with error margins ranging from 0.8 to 2.6%) calculate the combined nutritional content-encompassing total energy, proteins, carbohydrates, fats (total and saturated), fiber, vitamin E, and essential minerals like magnesium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, and selenium-of the nuts shown in a photograph. Both the dataset and the model have been made publicly available to foster data exchange and the spread of knowledge. Our research underscores the potential of leveraging photographs for automated nut calorie and nutritional content estimation, paving the way for the creation of dietary tracking applications that offer real-time, precise nutritional insights to encourage nut consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | | | - Xi Wang
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Yuyi Yang
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
- Division of Computational and Data Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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8
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Gregory S, Griffiths A, Jennings A, Malcomson FC, Matu J, Minihane AM, Muniz-Terrera G, Ritchie CW, Parra-Soto S, Stevenson E, Townsend R, Ward NA, Shannon O. Adherence to the Eatwell Guide and cardiometabolic, cognitive and neuroimaging parameters: an analysis from the PREVENT dementia study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:21. [PMID: 38594677 PMCID: PMC11005234 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Eatwell guide reflects the UK government's recommendations for a healthy and balanced diet. Previous research has identified associations between healthy eating patterns and both cardiovascular and brain health, although there is little evidence specifically focusing on the Eatwell Guide. To date no research has investigated associations between the Eatwell Guide and risk for future dementia. METHODS Data from the PREVENT dementia cohort study baseline visit was used in this analysis. Binary and graded Eatwell Guide scores (BEWG, GEWG) were created from a self-reported Food Frequency Questionnaire. The CAIDE score was included as the primary outcome measure to represent risk for future Alzheimer's disease. Secondary outcome measures included cardiometabolic health measures and brain health measures. Generalised additive models were run in R. RESULTS A total of 517 participants were included in the analysis, with a mean BEWG score of 4.39 (± 1.66) (out of a possible 12 points) and GEWG score of 39.88 (± 6.19) (out of a possible 60 points). There was no significant association between either Eatwell Guide score and the CAIDE score (BEWG β: 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.07, 0.22; GEWG β: 0.02, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.06) or any measures of brain health. There was a significant association between higher GEWG score and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) (systolic β: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.03; diastolic β: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.03; BMI β: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.16, -0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although not directly associated with the CAIDE score, the Eatwell Guide dietary pattern may be beneficial for dementia prevention efforts through the modification of hypertension and obesity, which are both known risk factors for dementia. Future work could replicate these findings in other UK-based cohorts as well as further development of Eatwell Guide scoring methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Outpatient Department 2, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK.
| | | | - Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jamie Matu
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Outpatient Department 2, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Outpatient Department 2, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
- Scottish Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, 3780000, Chillan, Chile
- School of Cardiometabolic and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca Townsend
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola Ann Ward
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Oliver Shannon
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Nemati M, Shayanfar M, Almasi F, Mohammad-Shirazi M, Sharifi G, Aminianfar A, Esmaillzadeh A. Dietary patterns in relation to glioma: a case-control study. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38500219 PMCID: PMC10946126 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the association of individual foods and nutrients with glioma have been investigated, studies on the association of major dietary patterns and glioma are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between major dietary patterns and risk of glioma in a group of Iranian adults. In this hospital-based case-control design, we recruited 128 newly diagnosed glioma cases and 256 controls in Tehran from 2009 to 2011. A Willett-format-validated 126-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess participants' dietary intake. Factor analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. We identified 3 major dietary patterns using factor analysis: high protein, vegetarian and western dietary pattern. After several adjustments for potential confounders, adherence to the high protein dietary pattern was inversely associated with risk of glioma (OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.95). Consumption of vegetarian dietary pattern was also associated with a reduced risk of glioma (OR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.34). Greater adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with a greater chance of glioma (OR: 3.30; 95% CI: 1.52, 7.17). We found that high protein, vegetarian and western dietary pattern were significantly associated with glioma risk. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nemati
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shayanfar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Almasi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Science, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, No. 226, Ravand Blv, Kashan, 1416753955, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohammad-Shirazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuve Sharifi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aminianfar
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Science, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, No. 226, Ravand Blv, Kashan, 1416753955, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Duarte S, Betoret E, Betoret N. Shelf Life and Functional Quality of Almond Bagasse Powders as Influenced by Dehydration and Storing Conditions. Foods 2024; 13:744. [PMID: 38472857 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Almond bagasse resulting after the production of almond-based drinks represents a promising by-product with potential for use as a functional ingredient. To facilitate its utilization, the stability of this material can be achieved through dehydration processes such as hot air drying or freeze-drying. Nevertheless, owing to its high fat content, almond bagasse is prone to lipid oxidation, which could result in undesirable quality. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the impact of dehydration (by hot air drying at 60 and 70 °C and by freeze-drying) and storage (at room temperature and in accelerated conditions) on the functional quality and stability of almond bagasse powder. Throughout the dehydration process, it was observed that antioxidant compounds were preserved without significant differences among dehydration treatments. These compounds increased over the storage period, especially in the samples treated with hot air. Regarding antiradical capacity, the hot-air-dried samples showed higher values than the freeze-dried ones, although in all cases, it increased during storage. For total phenols in samples air-dried at 70 °C, increases of more than 50% were observed. The acidity and peroxide index were increased in the extended storage period, although they did not reach critical values. Samples stored for 180 days showed peroxide values ranging from 10 to 12.8 meq O2/kg dry matter for samples stored at room temperature and from 14.7 to 23 meq O2/kg dry matter for samples subjected to accelerated storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevens Duarte
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos-FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ester Betoret
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos-FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Betoret
- Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería de Alimentos-FoodUPV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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11
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Fadnes LT, Balakrishna R. Nuts and seeds - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10483. [PMID: 38370112 PMCID: PMC10870978 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nuts and seeds have been part of diets in most of the world for millenniums, and they have also been consumed in the Nordic and Baltic countries for centuries. Consumption of nuts and seeds is linked with various health outcomes. Therefore, when updating the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR), summarizing the best evidence on key health outcomes from the consumption of nuts and seeds is essential. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the updated evidence on the consumption of nuts and seeds and health outcomes regarded relevant for the Nordic and Baltic countries, as well as their dose-response relationship presented in updated systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Method The scoping review is built on a de novo systematic review and an umbrella review published in 2022 on the consumption of nuts and seeds and its various health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Results Intake of nuts and seeds is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, with evidence assessed as probable. This conclusion is mirrored by evidence from trials on biomarkers for chronic diseases. An intake of a serving of nuts of 28-30 g/day compared to not eating nuts is estimated to translate into approximately 20% relative reduction in the risks of cardiovascular disease and premature deaths. For cancers, consumption of a serving of nuts is inversely associated with cancer mortality. However, for type 2 diabetes, there are mixed and inconclusive results. Additionally, there are inverse associations between nut consumption and respiratory and infectious disease mortality. Allergies for nuts are seen among 1-2% of the population. Conclusion Overall, the current evidence supports dietary recommendations to increase nut consumption to a serving of nuts and seeds per day for people without allergies to these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars T. Fadnes
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Addiction Research, Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rajiv Balakrishna
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Lin W, Zhou X, Liu X. Association of adherence to the Chinese version of the MIND diet with reduced cognitive decline in older Chinese individuals: Analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100024. [PMID: 38388105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2023.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment among North American and Oceanian populations. However, there has been limited exploration of whether this association extends to the Asian population. This study aimed to assess the correlation between the Chinese version of the MIND (cMIND) diet and cognitive impairment in older Chinese individuals. METHODS We utilized data from the 2008 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Participants aged ≥65 years with normal cognitive function at baseline were enrolled. The cMIND diet score (cMINDDS) was calculated by assessing dietary patterns based on survey responses. The Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was employed to diagnose cognitive impairment in participants. We stratified the analysis by cMINDDS and conducted additional sensitivity analyses. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 6411 participants. Over a 3-year follow-up, 1165 (18.6%) individuals who initially had normal cognitive function developed cognitive impairment. A linear association was observed between cMINDDS and cognitive impairment. The increased cMINDDS was associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment (quartile 1 vs. quartile 4: the adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.60, 0.97], p trend = 0.023). Regarding food composition, higher consumption of fresh fruits and nuts was associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: [0.66, 0.89] and OR = 0.70, 95% CI [0.58, 0.86], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to the cMIND diet was associated with lower risks of cognitive impairment in older Chinese individuals. The cMIND diet, based on the MIND dietary pattern, could serve as a preventive measure against cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Lin
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Cardoso BR, Fratezzi I, Kellow NJ. Nut Consumption and Fertility: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100153. [PMID: 37977328 PMCID: PMC10704322 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The high concentration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fats, dietary fibers, vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols found in nuts suggest their regular consumption may be a simple strategy for improving reproductive health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to present up-to-date evidence regarding the association between nut intake and fertility outcomes in males and females. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from inception to 30 June 2023. Eligible articles were interventional or observational studies in human subjects of reproductive age (18-49 y) that assessed the effects (or association) of dietary nut consumption (for a minimum of 3 mo) on fertility-related outcomes. Random-effects meta-analyses were completed to produce a pooled effect estimate of nut consumption on sperm total motility, vitality, morphology, and concentration in healthy males. Four studies involving 875 participants (646 males, 229 females) were included in this review. Meta-analysis of 2 RCTs involving 223 healthy males indicated consumption of ≥ 60g nuts/d increased sperm motility, vitality, and morphology in comparison to controls but had no effect on sperm concentration. Nonrandomized studies reported no association between dietary nut intake and conventional sperm parameters in males, embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy or live birth in males and females undergoing ART. Our meta-analysis shows that including at least 2 servings of nuts daily as part of a Western-style diet in healthy males improves sperm parameters, which are predictors of male fertility. Due to their nutritional profile, nuts were found to have potential to promote successful reproductive outcomes. This trial was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020204586).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara R Cardoso
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Izabella Fratezzi
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole J Kellow
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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14
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Moskwa J, Naliwajko SK, Puścion-Jakubik A, Soroczyńska J, Socha K, Koch W, Markiewicz-Żukowska R. In Vitro Assessment of the Bioaccessibility of Zn, Ca, Mg, and Se from Various Types of Nuts. Foods 2023; 12:4453. [PMID: 38137257 PMCID: PMC10742998 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and selenium (Se) from various nuts (Brazil nuts, walnuts, peanuts, almonds, cashews, pecans, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, and pistachios) was assessed using a simulated two-phase model of enzymatic digestion in vitro. The levels of Zn, Mg, and Ca were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, and Se was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. All tested nuts were good sources of Mg, and most, except macadamia nuts, were also good sources of Zn (the standard portion covers over 15% of NRV-R (UE) 1924/2006). Brazil nuts had the highest Se content. Almonds and Brazil nuts were rich in Ca. Se demonstrated the highest bioaccessibility from nuts (27.7% to 70.65%), whereas Ca exhibited the lowest bioaccessibility (below 9%). Pistachios had the highest Zn bioavailability, while cashews excelled in Mg bioaccessibility. Macadamia and pistachios were top for Ca bioaccessibility, and Brazil nuts for Se. Bioaccessibility is positively correlated with fat (for Zn: r = 0.23), carbohydrates (for Mg: 0.44; for Ca: 0.35), and sugar content (for Zn: r = 0.36; for Mg: 0.46; for Ca: 0.40).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Moskwa
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (A.P.-J.); (J.S.); (K.S.); (R.M.-Ż.)
| | - Sylwia Katarzyna Naliwajko
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (A.P.-J.); (J.S.); (K.S.); (R.M.-Ż.)
| | - Anna Puścion-Jakubik
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (A.P.-J.); (J.S.); (K.S.); (R.M.-Ż.)
| | - Jolanta Soroczyńska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (A.P.-J.); (J.S.); (K.S.); (R.M.-Ż.)
| | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (A.P.-J.); (J.S.); (K.S.); (R.M.-Ż.)
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.K.N.); (A.P.-J.); (J.S.); (K.S.); (R.M.-Ż.)
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Duan Y, Liu C, Yang Z, Duan J, Cui Z. Effects of prepregnancy dietary patterns on infant birth weight: a prospective cohort study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2273216. [PMID: 37904502 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2273216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition can have a profound effect on fetal growth, development, and subsequent infant birth weight. However, little is known regarding the influence of prepregnancy dietary patterns. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the effects between prepregnancy dietary patterns on birth weight. METHODS This study included 911 singleton live-born infants from the Taicang and Wuqiang Mother-Child Cohort Study (TAWS). Baseline information and prepregnancy diet data were collected during early pregnancy. Newborn birth information was obtained from the Wuqiang County Hospital. Macrosomia, defined as a birth weight of ≥4000 g, and large for gestational age (LGA), defined as a birth weight higher than the 90th percentile for the same sex and gestational age, were the outcomes of interest. The dietary patterns were extracted using principal component analysis. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between prepregnancy dietary patterns (in tertiles) and macrosomia and LGA, and subgroup analysis was further explored by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Four dietary patterns were identified based on 15 food groups. These patterns were named as "cereals-vegetables-fruits," "vegetables-poultry-aquatic products," "milk-meat-eggs," and "nuts-aquatic products-snacks." After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy complications, and other dietary patterns, greater adherence to the "cereals-vegetables-fruits" pattern before pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of macrosomia (adjusted OR = 2.220, 95% CI: 1.018, 4.843), while greater adherence to the "nuts-aquatic products-snacks" pattern was associated with a lower risk of macrosomia (adjusted OR = 0.357, 95% CI: 0.175, 0.725) compared to the lowest tertile. No significant association was observed between prepregnancy dietary patterns and LGA. However, after subgroup analysis of pre-pregnancy BMI, "cereals-vegetables-fruits" pattern was associated with an increased risk of LGA in overweight and obese mothers (adjusted OR = 2.353, 95% CI: 1.010, 5.480). CONCLUSIONS An unbalanced pre-pregnancy diet increases the risk of macrosomia and LGA, especially in overweight or obese women before pre-pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yongli Zhao
- Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifan Duan
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingtao Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, Wuqiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hengshui, China
| | - Ze Cui
- Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Hebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
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16
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Damigou E, Kouvari M, Chrysohoou C, Barkas F, Kravvariti E, Dalmyras D, Koutsogianni AD, Tsioufis C, Pitsavos C, Liberopoulos E, Sfikakis PP, Panagiotakos D. Diet Quality and Consumption of Healthy and Unhealthy Foods Measured via the Global Diet Quality Score in Relation to Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Apparently Healthy Adults from the Mediterranean Region: The ATTICA Epidemiological Cohort Study (2002-2022). Nutrients 2023; 15:4428. [PMID: 37892503 PMCID: PMC10610374 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Diet Quality Score (GDQS) is a novel food-based score that assesses both nutrient adequacy and chronic disease risk, by evaluating healthy (GDQS+) and unhealthy foods (GDQS-). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association among GDQS, GDQS+, and GDQS- against the 20-year risk of cardiometabolic outcomes in a Mediterranean population. The sample was n = 2169 initially free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) participants of the ATTICA study (2002-2022) that participated in the 20-year follow-up. The incidence of CVD, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was defined according to WHO-ICD-10 criteria. The GDQS was computed based on previously published instructions. In multivariate analyses, a higher diet quality, per 1/49 of the GDQS, was associated with an 8% [95% Confidence Interval-CI: 6-9%] and 2% [95% CI: 1-3%] lower CVD and T2DM risk, respectively. A higher consumption of healthy foods, per 1/32 of GDQS+, was associated with a 9% [95% CI: 7-11%] and 2% [95% CI: 1-3%] lower CVD and T2DM risk, respectively. Contrarily, a lower consumption of unhealthy foods (GDQS-) was not associated with cardiometabolic events in the adjusted models (all p value< 0.05). In clinical practice or future public health actions to ameliorate dietary habits and prevent CVD and T2DM, more attention should be focused on healthy foods that should be included in our diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Damigou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Kouvari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Fotios Barkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evrydiki Kravvariti
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dalmyras
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia D. Koutsogianni
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros P. Sfikakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
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17
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Lopez-Neyman SM, Zohoori N, Broughton KS, Miketinas DC. Association of Tree Nut Consumption with Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Health Outcomes in US Adults: NHANES 2011-2018. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:102007. [PMID: 37869524 PMCID: PMC10585646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tree nuts are nutrient dense, and their consumption has been associated with improvements in health outcomes. Objective To estimate the usual tree nut intake and examine the association between tree nut consumption and cardiometabolic (CM) health outcomes in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods Cross-sectional data were analyzed from a sample of 18,150 adults aged ≥ 20y who provided at least one reliable 24-h dietary recall and had complete data for the variables of interest in the NHANES 2011-2018. Tree nut consumers were defined as those consuming ≥ ¼ ounce/d (7.09 g). The National Cancer Institute Method was used to estimate the usual tree nut intake among consumers. Measurement error calibrated regression models were used to assess the association between tree nut consumption and each health outcome of interest. Results Approximately 8% of all participants (n = 1238) consumed tree nuts and had a mean ± SE usual intake of 39.5 ± 1.8 g/d. Tree nut consumers were less likely to have obesity (31% vs. 40%, P < 0.001) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (22% vs. 30%, P < 0.001) compared with nonconsumers. Moreover, tree nut consumers had a lower mean waist circumference (WC) (97.1 ± 0.7 vs. 100.5 ± 0.3 cm, P < 0.001) and apolipoprotein B (87.5 ± 1.2 vs. 91.8 ± 0.5 mg/dL, P = 0.004) than nonconsumers. After adjusting models for demographics and lifestyle covariates, the difference in WC between average intake (33.7 g/d) and low threshold intake (7.09/g) of tree nuts was -1.42 ± 0.58 cm (P = 0.005). Conclusions Most US adults do not consume tree nuts, yet modest consumption was associated with decreased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and CM risk factors and improvement for some health outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Namvar Zohoori
- Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Department of Health, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - K. Shane Broughton
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Derek C. Miketinas
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Texas Woman’s University, Houston, TX, United States
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18
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Zarantonello D, Brunori G. The Role of Plant-Based Diets in Preventing and Mitigating Chronic Kidney Disease: More Light than Shadows. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6137. [PMID: 37834781 PMCID: PMC10573653 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a non-communicable disease that affects >10% of the general population worldwide; the number of patients affected by CKD is increasing due in part to the rise in risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. As many studies show, diet can be an important tool for preventing and mitigating the onset of non-communicable diseases. Plant-based diets (PBDs) are those that emphasize the consumption of plant foods and may or may not include small or moderate amounts of animal foods. Recently, these diets have received increasing interest because they have been associated with favourable effects on health and also appear to protect against the development and progression of CKD. PBDs, which are associated with protein restrictions, seem to offer adjunctive advantages in patients with chronic kidney disease, as compared to conventional low-protein diets that include animal proteins. The principal aims of this review are to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing literature regarding the role of plant-based diets and low-protein, plant-based diets in the context of chronic kidney disease. Moreover, we try to clarify the definition of plant-based diets, and then we analyse possible concerns about the use of PBDs in patients with chronic kidney disease (nutritional deficiency and hyperkalaemia risk). Finally, we offer some strategies to increase the nutritional value of plant-based low-protein diets. In the Materials and Methods section, many studies about plant-based diets and low-protein plant-based diets (e.g., the very-low-protein diet and vegan low-protein diet, LPD) in chronic kidney disease were considered. In the Results and Conclusion section, current data, most from observational studies, agree upon the protective effect of plant-based diets on kidney function. Moreover, in patients with advanced CKD, low-protein plant-based options, especially a very-low-protein diet supplemented with heteroanalogues (VLPDs), compared to a conventional LPD appear to offer adjunctive advances in terms of delaying dialysis and mitigating metabolic disturbances. However, further studies are necessary to better investigate the possible metabolic and cardiovascular advantages of plant-based LPDs versus conventional LPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zarantonello
- Department of Nephrology, Santa Chiara Hospital, APSS, 38122 Trento, Italy;
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19
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Houston L, Probst YC, Chandra Singh M, Neale EP. Tree Nut and Peanut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1029-1049. [PMID: 37149262 PMCID: PMC10509427 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Habitual consumption of tree nuts and peanuts is associated with cardioprotective benefits. Food-based dietary guidelines globally recommend nuts as a key component of a healthy diet. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between tree nut and peanut consumption and risk factors for CVD in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (PROSPERO: CRD42022309156). MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central databases were searched up to 26 September, 2021. All RCT studies that assessed the effects of tree nut or peanut consumption of any dose on CVD risk factors were included. Review Manager software was used to conduct a random effect meta-analysis for CVD outcomes from RCTs. Forest plots were generated for each outcome, between-study heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 test statistic and funnel plots and Egger's test for outcomes with ≥10 strata. The quality assessment used the Health Canada Quality Appraisal Tool, and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). A total of 153 articles describing 139 studies (81 parallel design and 58 cross-over design) were included in the systematic review, with 129 studies in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a significant decrease for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), TC:high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) following nut consumption. However, the quality of evidence was "low" for only 18 intervention studies. The certainty of the body of evidence for TC:HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol, and apoB were "moderate" because of inconsistency, for TG were "low," and for LDL cholesterol and TC were "very low" because of inconsistency and the likelihood of publication bias. The findings of this review provide evidence of a combined effect of tree nuts and peanuts on a range of biomarkers to create an overall CVD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Houston
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Yasmine C Probst
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mamatha Chandra Singh
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth P Neale
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Alfaro-González S, Garrido-Miguel M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, López-Gil JF. Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Psychosocial Health Problems in Spanish Adolescents: The EHDLA Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2905. [PMID: 37447231 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were twofold: to determine the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and psychological problems and to assess the relationship between different food groups of the MedDiet and different patterns of psychosocial health problems in a sample of Spanish adolescents from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain). This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 700 adolescents (57% girls) between 12 and 17 years of age. Adherence to the MedDiet was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Teenagers (KIDMED). Psychosocial health problems were measured by the 25-item self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). ANCOVA models were used to test the mean differences in psychosocial health problems (SDQ subscales) by adherence to MedDiet categories (low, medium, and high). Multiple linear regression was used to determine the association between different food groups of the MedDiet and psychosocial health problems. Adolescents with low adherence to the MedDiet had significantly higher scores in SDQ total difficulties, conduct problems, and hyperactivity problems and lower scores in pro-social behavior (p < 0.05) than their peers with medium and high adherence to the MedDiet. In relation to specific MedDiet food groups, fruit, nut, and legume intake were associated with higher psychosocial health. However, sweets, skipping breakfast, or high consumption of pasta or rice (≥5 weeks) were associated to higher psychosocial health problems. Our results show that adolescents with higher adherence to the MedDiet could benefit from greater psychosocial health. Individually, some patterns of MedDiet, such as fruit, nut, and legume intake, may reduce psychosocial health problems. These cross-sectional results should be confirmed in longitudinal and intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Alfaro-González
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La-Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02138, USA
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador
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21
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Pan L, Sui J, Xu Y, Zhao Q. Effect of Nut Consumption on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102394. [PMID: 37242277 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although previous epidemiological studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between nut consumption and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the evidence remains inconclusive and contentious. The aim of our study was to further conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies to explore the latest evidence of the influence of nut consumption on NAFLD. This meta-analysis included a comprehensive search of all articles published in the PubMed and Web of Science online databases as of April 2023. A total of 11 articles were included, comprising 2 prospective cohort studies, 3 cross-sectional studies, and 7 case-control studies, and a random effects model was used to evaluate the relationship between nuts and NAFLD. Results showed that the odds ratio (OR) of NAFLD was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.81-0.99, p < 0.001) when comparing the highest and lowest total nut intake, indicating a significant negative correlation. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that the protective effect of nuts on NAFLD was more significant in females (OR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78-0.98, I2 = 76.2%). In summary, our findings provide support for a protective relationship between nut intake and risk of NAFLD. Further exploration of the association between other dietary components and NAFLD is an important avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pan
- Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jing Sui
- Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Research Institute for Environment and Health, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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22
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Ma R, Bai J, Huang Y, Wang Z, Xu Y, Huang Y, Zhong K, Huang Y, Gao H, Bu Q. Purification and Identification of Novel Antioxidant Peptides from Hydrolysates of Peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea) and Their Neuroprotective Activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37036935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) peptides have various functional activities and a high utilization value. This study aims to isolate and characterize antioxidant peptides from peanut protein hydrolysates and further evaluate their neuroprotection against oxidative damage to PC12 cells induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). After the peanut protein was hydrolyzed with pepsin and purified using ultrafiltration and gel chromatography, six peptides were identified and sequenced by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Out of these six peptides, Pro-Gly-Cys-Pro-Ser-Thr (PGCPST) exhibited a desirable antioxidant capacity, as determined using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Moreover, our results indicated that the peptide PGCPST effectively increased the cell viability and reduced the cell apoptosis in 6-OHDA-induced PC12. RNA sequencing further showed that the neuroprotective effect of the peptide PGCPST was mediated via sphingolipid metabolism-related pathways. With further research efforts, the peptide PGCPST was expected to develop into a new neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhiqiu Wang
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongju Xu
- Industrial Crops Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610300, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yina Huang
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomass and Engineering and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qian Bu
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education Office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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23
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Galizzi G, Deidda I, Amato A, Calvi P, Terzo S, Caruana L, Scoglio S, Mulè F, Di Carlo M. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) Extract Prevents Neurodegeneration in the HFD Mouse Model by Modulating Astrocytes and Microglia Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054731. [PMID: 36902167 PMCID: PMC10003388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic dysfunctions are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA) is a cyanobacterium considered a suitable supplement for its nutritional profile and beneficial properties. The potential neuroprotective effect of an AFA extract, commercialized as KlamExtra®, including the two AFA extracts Klamin® and AphaMax®, in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-fed mice was explored. Three groups of mice were provided with a standard diet (Lean), HFD or HFD supplemented with AFA extract (HFD + AFA) for 28 weeks. Metabolic parameters, brain insulin resistance, expression of apoptosis biomarkers, modulation of astrocytes and microglia activation markers, and Aβ deposition were analyzed and compared in the brains of different groups. AFA extract treatment attenuated HFD-induced neurodegeneration by reducing insulin resistance and loss of neurons. AFA supplementation improved the expression of synaptic proteins and reduced the HFD-induced astrocytes and microglia activation, and Aβ plaques accumulation. Together, these outcomes indicate that regular intake of AFA extract could benefit the metabolic and neuronal dysfunction caused by HFD, decreasing neuroinflammation and promoting Aβ plaques clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacoma Galizzi
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (M.D.C.); Tel.: +39-09-1680-9538 (G.G.); +39-09-1680-9538 (M.D.C.)
| | - Irene Deidda
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Amato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Calvi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze, e Diagnostica Avanzata (Bi.N.D) (sez. Anatomia Umana), Università di Palermo, via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Terzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Caruana
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Flavia Mulè
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Di Carlo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), CNR, via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (M.D.C.); Tel.: +39-09-1680-9538 (G.G.); +39-09-1680-9538 (M.D.C.)
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24
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Gonçalves B, Pinto T, Aires A, Morais MC, Bacelar E, Anjos R, Ferreira-Cardoso J, Oliveira I, Vilela A, Cosme F. Composition of Nuts and Their Potential Health Benefits-An Overview. Foods 2023; 12:942. [PMID: 36900459 PMCID: PMC10000569 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility that nut intake may defend human health is an interesting point of view and has been investigated worldwide. Consequently, nuts are commonly promoted as healthy. In recent decades, the number of investigations proposing a correlation between nut consumption and a decrease in the risk of key chronic diseases has continued to increase. Nuts are a source of intake of fiber, and dietary fiber is associated with a reduced occurrence of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Nuts likewise provide minerals and vitamins to the diet and supply phytochemicals that function as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and phytoestrogens agents and other protective mechanisms. Therefore, the main goal of this overview is to summarize current information and to describe the utmost new investigation concerning the health benefits of certain nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Gonçalves
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinto
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Aires
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Morais
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eunice Bacelar
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosário Anjos
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ferreira-Cardoso
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ivo Oliveira
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alice Vilela
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre—Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre—Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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25
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The Effects of Tree Nut and Peanut Consumption on Energy Compensation and Energy Expenditure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:77-98. [PMID: 36811596 PMCID: PMC10102987 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nut consumption is not associated with a higher body weight, and potential energy-regulating mechanisms may include a reduced subsequent energy intake and increased EE. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tree nut and peanut consumption on energy intake, compensation, and expenditure. PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched from inception to June 2, 2021. Human studies with adults aged ≥18 y older were included. Energy intake and compensation studies were restricted to acute effects (intervention duration of ≤24 h), whereas intervention duration was not limited for EE studies. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to explore weighted mean differences in REE. Twenty-eight articles from 27 studies (16 energy intake studies, 10 EE studies, and 1 study investigating both) with 1121 participants were included in this review, with a variety of nut types addressed (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashews, chestnuts, hazelnuts, peanuts, pistachios, walnuts, and mixed nuts). Energy compensation occurred after nut-containing loads (range: -280.5% to +176.4%) and the degree of compensation varied depending on the form (whole and chopped) and how they were consumed (alone and within a meal). The meta-analyses identified a nonsignificant increase in REE associated with nut consumption (weighted mean difference: 28.6 kcal/d; 95% CI: -10.7, 67.8 kcal/d). This study provided support for energy compensation as a potential mechanism for a lack of association between nut consumption and body weight, whereas no evidence was found for EE as an energy-regulating mechanism of nuts. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021252292.
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26
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Carter S, Hill AM, Buckley JD, Tan SY, Rogers GB, Coates AM. Acute feeding with almonds compared to a carbohydrate-based snack improves appetite-regulating hormones with no effect on self-reported appetite sensations: a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:857-866. [PMID: 36305961 PMCID: PMC9614749 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early satiety has been identified as one of the mechanisms that may explain the beneficial effects of nuts for reducing obesity. This study compared postprandial changes in appetite-regulating hormones and self-reported appetite ratings after consuming almonds (AL, 15% of energy requirement) or an isocaloric carbohydrate-rich snack bar (SB). METHODS This is a sub-analysis of baseline assessments of a larger parallel-arm randomised controlled trial in overweight and obese (Body Mass Index 27.5-34.9 kg/m2) adults (25-65 years). After an overnight fast, 140 participants consumed a randomly allocated snack (AL [n = 68] or SB [n = 72]). Appetite-regulating hormones and self-reported appetite sensations, measured using visual analogue scales, were assessed immediately before snack food consumption, and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min following snack consumption. A sub-set of participants (AL, n = 49; SB, n = 48) then consumed a meal challenge buffet ad libitum to assess subsequent energy intake. An additional appetite rating assessment was administered post buffet at 150 min. RESULTS Postprandial C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) response was 47% smaller with AL compared to SB (p < 0.001). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide AUC responses were larger with AL compared to SB (18%, p = 0.005; 39% p < 0.001; 45% p < 0.001 respectively). Cholecystokinin, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, leptin and polypeptide YY AUCs were not different between groups. Self-reported appetite ratings and energy intake following the buffet did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION More favourable appetite-regulating hormone responses to AL did not translate into better self-reported appetite or reduced short-term energy consumption. Future studies should investigate implications for longer term appetite regulation. ANZCTR REFERENCE NUMBER ACTRN12618001861246 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayah Carter
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| | - Alison M. Hill
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan D. Buckley
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
| | - Sze-Yen Tan
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Geraint B. Rogers
- grid.430453.50000 0004 0565 2606Microbiome Research, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Alison M. Coates
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001 Australia
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27
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Białek-Dratwa A, Żur S, Wilemska-Kucharzewska K, Szczepańska E, Kowalski O. Nutrition as Prevention of Diet-Related Diseases-A Cross-Sectional Study among Children and Young Adults with Down Syndrome. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:36. [PMID: 36670587 PMCID: PMC9856910 DOI: 10.3390/children10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the diet of children with Down syndrome (DS) and to identify potential dietary mistakes made by their parents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted among 195 parents of people with DS between November 2020 and March 2021. Data for the study were collected anonymously using the CAWI method. RESULTS 122 (62.6%) people with DS did not eliminate any nutrient from their diet. By contrast, in the study group, the following numbers of people reported the following dietary restrictions: 51 (26.2%) gluten, 56 (28.7%) lactose, 17 (8.7%) casein, 26 (13.3%) sucrose, 2 (1.0%) histamine, 2 (1.0%) lectins, and 1 (0.5%) dairy. The most frequent response for vegetable and fruit consumption was once a day, with 83 (42.6%) and 87 (44.6%) parents indicating this. The most frequent response for dairy product consumption was every day, with 72 (36.9%) parents indicating this, while 36 (20%) parents stated that their children do not eat dairy products at all. In the study group, the most frequent response for meat consumption was several times a week, this was indicated by 107 (54.9%) parents, while 1 (0.5%) of them said that their children do not eat meat products at all. The most frequent response for fish consumption was 1-2 times a week, this answer was indicated by 101 (51.8%) parents, while 13 (6.7%) said that their children do not eat these products at all. CONCLUSIONS A majority of the subjects with DS are usually fed in a normal way, but nutritional mistakes are made by the parents. Special attention should be paid to prolonging the period of natural feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Białek-Dratwa
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sebastian Żur
- Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wilemska-Kucharzewska
- Internal Diseases and Diabetology Ward, Neurology Subdivision Specialist Hospital, no. 1 ul. Żeromskiego 7, 41-900 Bytom, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Szczepańska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Oskar Kowalski
- Department of Human Nutrition, Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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28
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Balakrishna R, Bjørnerud T, Bemanian M, Aune D, Fadnes LT. Consumption of Nuts and Seeds and Health Outcomes Including Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease, Cancer, and Mortality: An Umbrella Review. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2136-2148. [PMID: 36041171 PMCID: PMC9776667 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of nuts and seeds is associated with a range of health outcomes. Summarizing the best evidence on essential health outcomes from the consumption of nuts is essential to provide optimal recommendations. Our objective is to comprehensively assess health outcome associations related to the consumption of nuts and seeds, using a culinary definition including tree nuts and peanuts (registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021258300). Health outcomes of interest include cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, respiratory disease, mortality, and their disease biomarkers. We present associations for high compared with low consumption, per serving, and dose-response relations. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Epistemonikos were searched and screened for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was extracted from 89 articles on the consumption of nuts and relevant health outcomes, including 23 articles with meta-analysis on disease and mortality, 66 articles on biomarkers for disease, and 9 articles on allergy/adverse outcomes. Intake of nuts was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and related risk factors, with moderate quality of evidence. An intake of 28 g/d nuts compared with not eating nuts was associated with a 21% RR reduction of cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease incidence and mortality, atrial fibrillation, and stroke mortality), an 11% risk reduction of cancer deaths, and 22% reduction in all-cause mortality. Nut consumption was also inversely associated with mortality from respiratory diseases, infectious diseases, and diabetes; however, associations between nut consumption and diabetes incidence were mixed. Meta-analyses of trials on biomarkers for disease generally mirrored meta-analyses from observational studies on cardiovascular disease, cancers, and diabetes. Allergy and related adverse reactions to nuts were observed in 1-2% of adult populations, with substantial heterogeneity between studies. Overall, the current evidence supports dietary recommendations to consume a handful of nuts and seeds per day for people without allergies to these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Balakrishna
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Nutrition, Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Song H, Cong Z, Wang C, He M, Liu C, Gao P. Research progress on Walnut oil: Bioactive compounds, health benefits, extraction methods, and medicinal uses. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14504. [PMID: 36369998 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Walnut oil is extracted from walnut kernels (Juglans regia Linne) or iron walnut kernels (Juhlans sigillata Dode). The percentage of oil in walnuts is 52%-70%. The main constituents in oil are fatty acids, phenols, sterols, squalene, melatonin, vitamins, and minerals. Many extraction methods such as supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, maceration, modified "bligh and dyer extraction," aqueous enzymatic extraction, ultrasonic extraction, soxhlet extraction, and cold-press extraction methods are reported in the literature. Walnut oil showed anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities. The reported data in the literature suggest that walnut oil has many health benefits. This review summarizes the extraction methods, bioactive constituents, health benefits, and pharmacological actions of walnut oil. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Walnut oil is a natural vegetable oil of significant importance due to their nutritional, and intelligence-boosting benefits. Several factors, including the processing parameters and the phytochemical profile, affect walnut oil products' flavor and color. In addition, storage environment of walnut oil can also affect walnut oil quality. Apart from the predominant ingredient fatty acids, the chemical composition of walnut oil comprises phenols, sterols, squalene, melatonin, vitamins, and minerals. These bioactive compounds are of potential value owing to their health-promoting benefits, including antioxidant, antitumor, and cholesterol-lowering effects. Many chemical constituents were isolated from walnut oil; however, all the compounds are not explored for their possible medicinal value. Thus, clinical studies, exploration of the therapeutic potential and the molecular mechanisms of all the compounds, and development of convenient dosage forms either for therapeutic or functional food purposes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhufeng Cong
- Shandong Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Jinan, China
| | - Changlin Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Mengyuan He
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Congying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systematic scoping review, focusing on randomized clinical trials of recent research addressing tree nut allergy. RECENT FINDINGS This review addresses published, unpublished, and re-analyzed studies on tree nut allergy definition, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. SUMMARY The importance of tree nut allergy spans nations, economies, and cultures. While broad themes in epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy are emerging, the next major advance in tree nut allergy will require large, robust studies to deliver results important to patients and families.
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Hernández-López I, Ortiz-Solà J, Alamprese C, Barros L, Shelef O, Basheer L, Rivera A, Abadias M, Aguiló-Aguayo I. Valorization of Local Legumes and Nuts as Key Components of the Mediterranean Diet. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233858. [PMID: 36496665 PMCID: PMC9740325 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Legumes and nuts are components of high importance in the diet of many countries, mainly those in the Mediterranean region. They are also very versatile and culturally diverse foods found all over the world, acting as a basic protein source in certain countries. Their genetic diversity is needed to sustain the food supply and security for humans and livestock, especially because of the current loss of habitats, species, and genetic diversity worldwide, but also because of the ever present need to feed the increasing human population. Even though both legumes and nuts are considered as high-protein food and environmentally friendly crops, developed countries have lower consumption rates when compared to Asia or Africa. With a view to increasing the consumption of legumes and nuts, the objective of this review is to present the advantages on the use of autochthonous varieties from different countries around the world, thus providing a boost to the local market in the area. The consumption of these varieties could be helped by their use in ready-to-eat foods (RTE), which are now on the rise thanks to today's fast-paced lifestyles and the search for more nutritious and sustainable foods. The versatility of legumes and nuts covers a wide range of possibilities through their use in plant-based dairy analogues, providing alternative-protein and maximal amounts of nutrients and bioactive compounds, potential plant-based flours for bakery and pasta, and added-value traditional RTE meals. For this reason, information about legume and nut nutrition could possibly increase its acceptance with consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hernández-López
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Ortiz-Solà
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Alamprese
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Oren Shelef
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)—Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Loai Basheer
- Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
| | - Ana Rivera
- Miquel Agustí Foundation, Campus Baix Llobregat, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Campus Baix Llobregat, Polytechnic University of Catalonia-BarcelonaTech, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Maribel Abadias
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo
- IRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Puścion-Jakubik A, Grabia M, Perkowski J, Nowakowski P, Bielecka J, Soroczyńska J, Kańgowski G, Bołtryk JM, Socha K. Nuts as a Dietary Enrichment with Selected Minerals-Content Assessment Supported by Chemometric Analysis. Foods 2022; 11:3152. [PMID: 37430901 PMCID: PMC9601893 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuts used as a snack and meal accompaniment supply plant protein and fatty acids that are beneficial for human health; however, they can also provide minerals. The aim of this study was to determine the content of selected elements that are often deficient in the diet (calcium, potassium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc) in nuts and determine whether they can be used to supplement deficiencies in the diet. In this study, we analyzed 10 types of nuts (n = 120 samples) that are consumed and available for sale in Poland. The content of calcium, magnesium, selenium, and zinc was determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and flame atomic emission spectrometry was used for determination of potassium contents. The highest median calcium content was found in almonds (2825.8 mg/kg), the highest potassium content in pistachio nuts (15,730.5 mg/kg), the highest magnesium and selenium contents in Brazil nuts (10,509.2 mg/kg and 4348.7 μg/kg, respectively), and the highest zinc content in pine nuts (72.4 mg/kg). All the tested nuts are a source of magnesium, eight types of tested nuts are a source of potassium, six nut types are a source of zinc, and four nut types are a source of selenium; however, among the tested nuts, only almonds can be considered a source of calcium. Moreover, we found that selected chemometric methods can be useful in the classification of nuts. The studied nuts are valuable products that can be used to supplement the diet with selected minerals and can therefore be labelled as functional products crucial for disease prevention.
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Derakhshan AR, Saeidinejat S, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Asnaashari AMH, Mirsadraee M, Salari R, Jabbari-Azad F, Jalali S, Jalali S. The Effect of Glasthma Syrup in Asthma: a study protocol for a triple-blind randomized controlled trial. J Pharmacopuncture 2022; 25:233-241. [PMID: 36186097 PMCID: PMC9510144 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2022.25.3.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Asthma is a chronic disease, and the demand for herbal medicines in this field has increased in recent years. The new findings highlight the role of the gut-lung axis in the pathophysiology of asthma. Hence, this study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of Glasthma syrup, an herbal formula based on Persian medicine, in improving asthma and regulating intestinal permeability. The formula consists of five herbal ingredients that have anti-inflammatory effects on the respiratory tract, also known as gut tonics. Methods The study will be conducted as a placebo-controlled, triple-blind, randomized trial. It will consist of a 4-week intervention followed by a 4-week follow-up period. The target sample size is 20 patients with moderate asthma aged 18 to 60 years. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group in equal numbers. Patients in the experimental group will take Glasthma syrup (7.5 mL, twice a day), while patients in the control group will take a matching placebo. Both groups will receive a 4-week combination of a long-acting beta2 agonist and a leukotriene modulator as standard of care. Inhaled corticosteroids can be used as rescue medication as needed. Results The primary outcomes are asthma symptom scale, lung function, and intestinal permeability. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, symptom recurrence rates, and blood tests. A safety assessment will also be conducted during the trial. Conclusion In this trial, the effects of Glasthma syrup in patients with moderate asthma will be examined. The study will also assess the effects of the formulation on the gut-lung axis by simultaneously monitoring the gut permeability index, asthma symptoms, and lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Derakhshan
- School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahin Saeidinejat
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Mirsadraee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University-Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roshanak Salari
- School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farahzad Jabbari-Azad
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Head of Allergy Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Jalali
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shabnam Jalali
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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The effect of walnut consumption on cardiometabolic profiles of individuals with abnormal glucose homoeostasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1037-1049. [PMID: 34725008 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521004414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Findings on the effect of walnut consumption on cardiometabolic profiles in individuals with abnormal glucose homoeostasis are conflicting. We summarised earlier data in this regard. A systematic literature search of relevant reports published in Medline/PubMed, ISI web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Google Scholar up to October 2020 was conducted. Randomised trials that enrolled individuals with abnormal glucose homoeostasis in which the main intervention was walnut consumption were included. Abnormal glucose homoeostasis was defined as a spectrum of impaired glucose tolerance or pre-diabetic status that is associated with insulin resistance. Twelve studies were included in systematic review and eight in meta-analysis. No significant effect of walnut consumption on anthropometric measures, including weighted mean difference (WMD: -0·13; 95 % CI -0·64, 0·39 kg), BMI (-0·08; 95 % CI -0·47, 0·32 kg/m2) and waist circumference (0·01; 95 % CI -0·50, 0·52 cm) was observed. Although walnut intake did not influence on lipid profiles (including TAG, total- and HDL-cholesterol levels), individuals in the intervention group tended to have lower levels of LDL-cholesterol than those in the control group (-0·10; 95 % CI -0·20, 0·01 mmol/l; P = 0·06). Other cardiometabolic factors including markers of glycaemic control (fasting blood glucose and HbA1C levels), blood pressure and stimulus-adjusted response measure (a parameter of endothelial function) were not significantly affected. However, walnut consumption resulted in a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) (0·93 %; 95 % CI 0·16, 1·71 %). Summarising earlier evidence, we found that walnut consumption might influence FMD and LDL-cholesterol levels in individuals with abnormal glucose homoeostasis. It did not affect other cardiometabolic profiles in these individuals.
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Rektorisova M, Tomaniova M, Hajslova J. Nut and seed butters: lipid component quality and its changes during storage. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mateos R, Salvador MD, Fregapane G, Goya L. Why Should Pistachio Be a Regular Food in Our Diet? Nutrients 2022; 14:3207. [PMID: 35956383 PMCID: PMC9370095 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pistachio is regarded as a relevant source of biologically active components that, compared to other nuts, possess a healthier nutritional profile with low-fat content composed mainly of monounsaturated fatty acids, a high source of vegetable protein and dietary fibre, remarkable content of minerals, especially potassium, and an excellent source of vitamins, such as vitamins C and E. A rich composition in terms of phytochemicals, such as tocopherols, carotenoids, and, importantly, phenolic compounds, makes pistachio a powerful food to explore its involvement in the prevention of prevalent pathologies. Although pistachio has been less explored than other nuts (walnut, almonds, hazelnut, etc.), many studies provide evidence of its beneficial effects on CVD risk factors beyond the lipid-lowering effect. The present review gathers recent data regarding the most beneficial effects of pistachio on lipid and glucose homeostasis, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation that essentially convey a protective/preventive effect on the onset of pathological conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, CVD, and cancer. Likewise, the influence of pistachio consumption on gut microbiota is reviewed with promising results. However, population nut consumption does not meet current intake recommendations due to the extended belief that they are fattening products, their high cost, or teething problems, among the most critical barriers, which would be solved with more research and information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mateos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Desamparados Salvador
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camilo José Cela n° 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Fregapane
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camilo José Cela n° 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luis Goya
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Mateș L, Popa DS, Rusu ME, Fizeșan I, Leucuța D. Walnut Intake Interventions Targeting Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1412. [PMID: 35883903 PMCID: PMC9312161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and inflammation are pathophysiological predictors and factors of senescence and age-related diseases. Recent evidence showed that particular diet components, such as walnuts rich in antioxidant bioactive compounds and with a balanced lipid profile, could have positive outcomes on human health. A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed to retrieve randomized controlled trials published from the beginning of each database through November 2021, reporting on the outcomes of walnut consumption over 22 metabolic syndrome and inflammatory markers in middle-aged and older adults. The search strategy rendered 17 studies in the final selection, including 11 crossover and 6 parallel trials. The study revealed that walnut-enriched diets had statistically significant decreasing effects for triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol concentrations on some inflammatory markers and presented no consequences on anthropometric and glycemic parameters. Although further studies and better-designed ones are needed to strengthen these findings, the results emphasize the benefits of including walnuts in the dietary plans of this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letiția Mateș
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Daniela-Saveta Popa
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ionel Fizeșan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Daniel Leucuța
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.L.)
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Zargarzadeh N, Tadbir Vajargah K, Ebrahimzadeh A, Mousavi SM, Khodaveisi H, Akhgarjand C, Toyos FMP, Cerqueira HS, Santos HO, Taghizadeh M, Milajerdi A. Higher Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated With Severity of COVID-19 and Related Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:911273. [PMID: 35928288 PMCID: PMC9343686 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.911273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a decreased risk of developing a variety of chronic diseases that are comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. However, its association to the severity and symptoms of COVID-19 are still unknown. This study aimed to examine the association between adherence to the MD pattern and COVID-19 severity and symptoms in Iranian hospitalized patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 250 COVID-19 patients aged 18 to 65 were examined. We employed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to obtain data on dietary intake of participants in the year prior to their COVID-19 diagnosis. COVID-19 severity was determined using the National Institutes of Health's Coronavirus Disease 2019 report. Additionally, symptoms associated with COVID-19, inflammatory markers, and other variables were evaluated. The scoring method proposed by Trichopoulou et al. was used to assess adherence to the MD. Results The participants' mean age was 44.1 ± 12.1 years, and 46% of them had severe COVID-19. Patients who adhered more closely to the MD had lower serum C-reactive protein levels (7.80 vs. 37.36 mg/l) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (14.08 vs. 42.65 mm/h). Those with the highest MD score were 77% less likely to have severe COVID-19 after controlling for confounding variables. The MD score was also found to be inversely associated with COVID-19 symptoms, including dyspnea, cough, fever, chills, weakness, myalgia, nausea and vomiting, and sore throat. Conclusion Higher adherence to the MD was associated with a decreased likelihood of COVID-19 severity and symptoms, as well as a shorter duration of hospitalization and convalescence, and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikan Zargarzadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Armin Ebrahimzadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Khodaveisi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Camellia Akhgarjand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Heitor O. Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Roman D, Timar B, Avram V, Braha A, Saftescu S, Negru Ș, Timar R. The Role of Nut and Seed Consumption in Colorectal Cancer: A Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070932. [PMID: 35888651 PMCID: PMC9317913 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the increased incidence of colorectal cancer worldwide, especially in developed and developing countries, is comes as no surprise that researchers are concentrating on methods to combat this public health issue, through investigating both lifestyle interventions and treatment options. Although treatment options are being constantly discovered and developed, researchers have also begun investigating the influence that nutrition and lifestyle have on CRC. Among the food categories, nuts and seeds boast numerous beneficial effects for cardiovascular health and metabolic balance and they contain a plethora of phytochemicals and antioxidants. The present narrative review aims to offer a broad perspective to date on the known effects of this consumption on colorectal cancer. For this purpose, articles were identified by conducting a search in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using search phrases such as ″nut intake and colorectal cancer″ and ″seed consumption and colorectal cancer”, narrowing the search pool to those articles published between 2019 and 2022. The search returned eight relevant papers, all of which were validated by a second author. While the existing research is divided between those studies which have found no significant link between nut consumption and colorectal cancer protection and those which have, there is a consensus regarding the necessity for further research on this subject, as well as the possible mechanisms which might be involved in the protective effect observed by some researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiana Roman
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, ″Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.R.); (V.A.); (A.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Bogdan Timar
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, ″Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.R.); (V.A.); (A.B.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vlad Avram
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, ″Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.R.); (V.A.); (A.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Adina Braha
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, ″Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.R.); (V.A.); (A.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Sorin Saftescu
- Department of Oncology, ″Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (S.S.); (Ș.N.)
- OncoHelp Hospital, 300239 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Șerban Negru
- Department of Oncology, ″Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (S.S.); (Ș.N.)
- OncoHelp Hospital, 300239 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Romulus Timar
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, ″Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (D.R.); (V.A.); (A.B.); (R.T.)
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The Content of Phenolic Compounds and Mineral Elements in Edible Nuts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144326. [PMID: 35889199 PMCID: PMC9316459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible nuts are an important component of a healthy diet, and their frequent consumption has beneficial impact on human health, including reducing the risk of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, various factors, including cultivar, climate, soil characteristic, storage and treatment have influence on the chemical composition of nuts. Therefore, nine tree nut types and peanuts commonly available on Polish market were evaluated for phenolic profile and mineral elements content. The concentration of individual phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, aromatic acids and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was determined by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography, while the content of macro-elements and trace minerals was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The phenolic profile of analyzed nuts substantially varied depending on the type of nut. The highest total content of all analyzed flavonoids was determined in walnuts (114.861 µg/g), while the lowest in almonds (1.717 µg/g). In turn, the highest total content of all tested aromatic acid was determined in pecans (33.743 µg/g), and the lowest in almonds (0.096 µg/g). Epicatechin and cinnamic acid were detected in the highest concentration in tested nuts. Moreover, in examined nuts (except walnuts and Brazil nuts), the presence of CAPE was confirmed. The tested nuts were also characterized by wide variation in element concentrations. Almonds contained high concentration of macro-elements (13,111.60 µg/g), while high content of trace elements was determined in pine nuts (192.79 µg/g). The obtained results indicate that the tested nuts are characterized by a significant diversity in the content of both phenolic compounds and minerals. However, all types of nuts, apart from the well-known source of fatty acids, are a rich source of various components with beneficial effect on human health.
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In-depth chemometric strategy to detect up to four adulterants in cashew nuts by IR spectroscopic techniques. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang P, Huang J, Sun J, Liu R, Jiang T, Sun G. Evaluating the Nutritional Properties of Food: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112352. [PMID: 35684152 PMCID: PMC9182956 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many methods or indicators used for evaluating the nutritional value of foods; however, it is difficult to accurately reflect the comprehensive nutritional value of a food with a single indicator, and a systematic evaluation system is lacking. In this article, we systematically summarize the common evaluation methods and indicators of the nutritional value of foods. The purpose of this review was to establish an evaluation procedure for nutritional properties of foodstuffs and to help scientists choose more direct and economical evaluation methods according to food types or relevant indicators. The procedure involves the selection of a three-level evaluation method that covers the whole spectrum of a food’s nutritional characteristics. It is applicable to scientific research in the fields of agricultural science, food science, nutrition, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (J.H.); (J.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Jiazhang Huang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (J.H.); (J.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Junmao Sun
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (J.H.); (J.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; (J.H.); (J.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Tong Jiang
- Beijing Billion Power Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China;
- Correspondence:
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Reichmann H, Csoti I, Koschel J, Lorenzl S, Schrader C, Winkler J, Wüllner U. Life style and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1235-1245. [PMID: 35606622 PMCID: PMC9463300 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The question whether life style may impair the advent or course of the disease in patients with Parkinsonism is of great importance for patients and physicians alike. We present here comprehensive information on the influence of the environment, diet (especially caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, chocolate and dairy products), physical activity and sleep on risk and course of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ilona Csoti
- Fachklinik für Parkinson, Gertrudis Klinik Biskirchen, Karl-Ferdinand-Broll-Straße 2-4, 35638, Leun-Biskirchen, Germany
| | - Jiri Koschel
- Parkinson-Klinik, Ortenau GmbH & Co. KG, Kreuzbergstraße 12-16, 77709, Wolfach, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorenzl
- Neurologie und Palliative Care, Krankenhaus Agatharied, Norbert-Kerkel-Platz, 83734, Hausham, Germany
| | - Christoph Schrader
- Neurologische Klinik mit Klinischer Neurophysiologie OE 7210, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Juergen Winkler
- Zentrum für Bewegungserkrankungen, Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
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Emulsion and Microemulsion Systems to Improve Functional Edible Oils Enriched with Walnut and Pistachio Phenolic Extracts. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091210. [PMID: 35563934 PMCID: PMC9100215 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to improve the properties of functional edible oils with potential health promoting effects, enriched with phenolic-rich extracts obtained from pistachio and walnut (5.1 and 27.4% phenolic contents respectively), by means of emulsion and micro emulsion systems. Stable water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions were obtained employing polyglycerol polyrhizinoleate (PGPR) as emulsifier (0.5, 2% H2O in oil), despite having a whitish and opaque appearance; transparent and stable microemulsions were prepared using proper proportion (e.g., 97:3) between the oily phase and the mixture of aqueous phase and emulsifiers (3:2 lecithin-distilled monoglycerides (DMG). Total polar phenolics contents ranging between 257 and 835 mg/kg were obtained in the novel functional edible oils' formulations, reaching higher content using walnut as compared to pistachio extracts. Antioxidant capacity determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl (DPPH) method increased approx. 7.5 and 1.5 times using walnut and pistachio extracts respectively. An emulsion using gallic acid and a microemulsion employing hydroxytyrosol, two well-known antioxidants, were also studied to compare antioxidant capacity of the proposed enriched oils. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of these products-very relevant to establish their commercial value-was measured under accelerated testing conditions employing the Rancimat equipment (100 °C) and performing an oven test (at 40 °C for walnut oils and 60 °C for pistachio and refined olive oils). Rancimat oxidative stability greatly increased and better results were obtained with walnut (2-3 times higher) as compared to pistachio extract enriched oils (1.5-2 times higher). On the contrary, under the oven test conditions, both the initial oxidation rate constant and the time required to reach a value of peroxide value equal to 15 (upper commercial category limit), indicated that under these assay conditions the protection against oxidation is higher using pistachio extract (2-4 times higher) than walnut's (1.5-2 times higher). Stable emulsions and transparent microemulsions phenolic-rich nut oils (250-800 mg/kg) were therefore developed, possessing a higher oxidative stability (1.5-4 times) and DPPH antioxidant capacity (1.5-7.5 times).
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Khalili L, A-Elgadir TME, Mallick AK, El Enshasy HA, Sayyed RZ. Nuts as a Part of Dietary Strategy to Improve Metabolic Biomarkers: A Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881843. [PMID: 35425791 PMCID: PMC9001892 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuts are in the spotlight because of their association with improved health outcomes. We aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies to evaluate the impact of nuts consumption on glycaemic and lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Methods Electronic searches for observational and intervention studies were undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct until 2022 for searching the studies aiming the application of different types of nuts and the beneficial effects of nuts in improving glycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results Results from 56 interventional, 9 narrative and 3 systematic reviews, and 12 meta-analysis studies, aiming at the evaluating beneficial effects of different types of nuts on metabolic markers, showed that nut consumption could improve metabolic markers, including glycaemic factors, lipid profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in both healthy and individuals with metabolic disorders in a type-, dose- and duration-dependent manner. According to their unique nutrient components, nuts can be known as a part of a healthy diet, resulting in improved metabolic biomarkers. Conclusion Considering the efficacy of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporation of, incorporating nuts the effectiveness of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporating nuts in the diet may prevent the incidence or aggravation of chronic metabolic diseases. Considering the health benefits of the nuts' components, including essential micronutrients, if consumed in the appropriate dose and duration to provide the necessary amount of effective micronutrients to improve health, we will see an improvement in metabolic factors. At the same time, more research is required to determine the optimal type, dose, and duration of nut intervention with regards to metabolic control and reducing the risk of developing metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ayaz Khurram Mallick
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Insitute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada, India
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George ES, Daly RM, Tey SL, Brown R, Wong THT, Tan SY. Perspective: Is it Time to Expand Research on "Nuts" to Include "Seeds"? Justifications and Key Considerations. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:1016-1027. [PMID: 35333288 PMCID: PMC9340969 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of nuts reported throughout the literature are extensive and well established for reducing the risk of, and managing several chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cognition. Despite their comparable nutrient profile to nuts, seeds are often not assessed in clinical and epidemiological studies. Interestingly, dietary guidelines and recommendations often refer to "nuts and seeds" collectively, even though they are not consistently examined together in nutrition research when determining associated health benefits. The purpose of this review is to call for future nutrition research to consider combining nuts and seeds. This review provides justification for this proposal by summarizing current definitions for nuts and seeds and highlighting the similarities or dissimilarities in their nutrient compositions. Following this, we summarize current evidence on the health benefits of nuts and seeds, research gaps that should be addressed, and considerations for future research using both epidemiological and interventional study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin M Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siew Ling Tey
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tommy Hon Ting Wong
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
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Jagielski P, Łuszczki E, Wnęk D, Micek A, Bolesławska I, Piórecka B, Kawalec P. Associations of Nutritional Behavior and Gut Microbiota with the Risk of COVID-19 in Healthy Young Adults in Poland. Nutrients 2022; 14:350. [PMID: 35057534 PMCID: PMC8779092 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The numerous consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in healthy young people and the lack of clarity as to the long-term disease outcomes have spurred the search for risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to evaluate the associations of nutritional behaviors, gut microbiota, and physical activity with the risk of COVID-19 in healthy young nonobese people. Data on body composition, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, dietary intake, and gut microbiota were obtained from 95 adults (mean age, 34.66 ± 5.76 years). A balanced diet rich in vegetables and fruit, including nuts, wholegrain cereal products, and legumes, covers the need for vitamins and minerals. Such a diet can be an effective measure to reduce the risk of COVID-19 in nonobese healthy physically active young people with normal immune function. People with balanced diet and an average daily consumption of >500 g of vegetables and fruit and >10 g of nuts had an 86% lower risk of COVID-19 compared with those whose diet was not balanced and who consumed lower amounts of these products. It is well documented that proper nutrition, physical activity, and maintenance of normal weight facilitate good health by ensuring optimal immune function. The beneficial effects of these interventions should be strongly emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dominika Wnęk
- The Cracow’s Higher School of Health Promotion, 31-158 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-007 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Str., 60-354 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Beata Piórecka
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kawalec
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (P.K.)
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Hou Y, Wang SF, Zhou K, Dai SX. Comparison and recommendation of dietary patterns based on nutrients for Eastern and Western patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1066252. [PMID: 36817063 PMCID: PMC9928567 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1066252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a non-specific chronic idiopathic inflammatory condition of the digestive system, requires lifelong treatment in which drugs are the mainstay, along with surgery when necessary. In adjuvant therapies, the diet is considered to be an essential, controllable, and economical component. However, the majority of recent nutrition research has focused on the general effects of nutrients on IBD, with little attention given to the advantages and negative aspects of individual foods and dietary combinations. To cover these shortcomings, we surveyed the benefits and drawbacks of typical foods and their chemical compositions on intestinal pathophysiology by comparing nutrients existing in the foods in Eastern and Western countries. Moreover, for Eastern and Western patients with IBD, we innovatively propose a 3-step dietary recommendation based on modified customary eating habits, including lowering the triggering foods, modifying dietary advice to control disease progression, and improving surgery prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, (Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute), National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai-Feng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, (Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute), National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Xue Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, (Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute), National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Geriatric Center, National Regional Medical Center, Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Shi-Xue Dai,
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