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Singh VK, Das B, Jha S, Rana P, Kumar R, Sinha RP. Characterization, DFT study and evaluation of antioxidant potentials of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in the cyanobacterium Anabaenopsis circularis HKAR-22. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 257:112975. [PMID: 38970967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The physiological parameters such as growth, Chl a content, and photosynthetic performance of the experimental cyanobacterium Anabaenopsis circularis HKAR-22 were estimated to evaluate the cumulative effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Maximum induction of UV-screening molecules, MAAs, was observed under the treatment condition of PAR + UV-A + UV-B (PAB) radiations. UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy and HPLC-PDA detection primarily confirmed the presence of MAA-shinorine (SN) having absorption maxima (λmax) at 332.3 nm and retention time (RT) of 1.47 min. For further validation of the presence of SN, HRMS, FTIR and NMR were utilized. UV-stress elevated the in vivo ROS scavenging and in vitro enzymatic antioxidant capabilities. SN exhibited substantial and concentration-dependent antioxidant capabilities which was determined utilizing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), ferric reducing power (FRAP) and superoxide radical scavenging assay (SRSA). The density functional theory (DFT) method using B3LYP energy model and 6-311G++(d,p) basis set was implied to perform the quantum chemical calculation to systematically investigate the antioxidant nature of SN. The principal pathways involved in the antioxidant reactions along with the basic molecular descriptors affecting the antioxidant potentials of a compound were also studied. The results favor the potential of SN as an active ingredient to be used in cosmeceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha K Singh
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bhanuranjan Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Sapana Jha
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Palak Rana
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (B.H.U.), Varanasi 221005, U.P., India
| | - Rajeshwar P Sinha
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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2
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Cagney MH, O'Neill EC. Strategies for producing high value small molecules in microalgae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108942. [PMID: 39024780 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic microalgae are a diverse group of organisms that can be used for the sustainable production of a wide range of high value compounds, including lipids, flavours and dyes, bioplastics, and cosmetics. Optimising total biomass production often does not lead to optimal product yield and more sophisticated biphasic growth strategies are needed, introducing specific stresses to induce product synthesis. Genetic tools have been used to increase yields of natural products or to introduce new pathways to algae, and wider deployment of these tools offers promising routes for commercial production of high value compounds utilising minimal inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Cagney
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ellis C O'Neill
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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3
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Hymas M, Wongwas S, Roshan S, Whittock AL, Corre C, Omidyan R, Stavros VG. A Multipronged Bioengineering, Spectroscopic and Theoretical Approach in Unravelling the Excited-State Dynamics of the Archetype Mycosporine Amino Acid. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:7424-7429. [PMID: 38996192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Mycosporine glycine (MyG) was produced by the fermentation of a purposely engineered bacterial strain and isolated from this sustainable source. The ultrafast spectroscopy of MyG was then investigated in its native, zwitterionic form (MyGzwitter), via femtosecond transient electronic absorption spectroscopy. Complementary nonadiabatic (NAD) simulations suggest that, upon photoexcitation to the lowest excited singlet state (S1), MyGzwitter undergoes efficient nonradiative decay to repopulate the electronic ground state (S0). We propose an initial ultrafast ring-twisting mechanism toward an S1/S0 conical intersection, followed by internal conversion to S0 and subsequent vibrational cooling. This study illuminates the workings of the archetype mycosporine, providing photoprotection, in the UV-B range, to organisms such as corals, macroalgae, and cyanobacteria. This study also contributes to our growing understanding of the photoprotection mechanisms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hymas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Sopida Wongwas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Simin Roshan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abigail L Whittock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Corre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Omidyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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4
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Aalilou Y, Moussa H, Lee LH, Bouyahya A, Zengin G, Faouzi MEA. What hidden treasure resides beneath the waves?: Phytochemistry, pharmacological properties and uses of Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau 1904: An overview. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106016. [PMID: 38740345 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, the biological activities of seaweeds could have piqued research interest due to their specific functional phytochemistry, which may not be available in terrestrial plants. Seaweeds produce these compounds to overcome and control stressful biotic and abiotic conditions. Additionally, they are potentially excellent sources of highly useful leads in the development of new drugs. Our study aims to unveil, for the first time, an overview of Halopteris scoparia, a species belonging to the Phaeophyceae class and the Stypocaulacea family, by summarizing all available literature data. In this work, we attempt to shed light on its phytochemistry, nutritional values, pharmacological activities, and industrial uses and applications. To gather information related to H. scoparia, relevant keywords were used to search internet databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Algae Database, WoRMS database, and DORIS database. The chemical structures were drawn using Chemdraw and verified using the PubChem database. Chemically, this species contains a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as terpenoids and phenolic compounds. Additionally, other chemical components with nutraceutical value have been identified, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments, minerals and mycosporine like amino acids. Then, holding several reported pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, dermoprotective, antidepressive, antibacterial, antibiofilm, antifungal, anti-parasitic activities and acute toxicity. In addition to other their applications such as bioconversion and antifouling activities. To confirm the previous pharmacological properties, more comprehensive and systematic in vivo, preclinical, and clinical studies are needed. Furthermore, research is required to uncover the mechanisms of its active compounds and their potential therapeutic effects in treating other diseases such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssra Aalilou
- Laboratories of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hanaa Moussa
- Applied Phycology-Mycology Group, Applied Botany Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, M'Hannech II, 93030 Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Learn Han Lee
- Microbiome Research Group, Research Centre for Life Science and Healthcare, Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute (CBI), University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China 315000, China; Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey.
| | - My El Abbes Faouzi
- Laboratories of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
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Mishra R, Kaur P, Soni R, Madan A, Agarwal P, Singh G. Decoding the photoprotection strategies and manipulating cyanobacterial photoprotective metabolites, mycosporine-like amino acids, for next-generation sunscreens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108744. [PMID: 38781638 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The most recent evaluation of the impacts of UV-B radiation and depletion of stratospheric ozone points out the need for effective photoprotection strategies for both biological and nonbiological components. To mitigate the disruptive consequences of artificial sunscreens, photoprotective compounds synthesized from gram-negative, oxygenic, and photoautotrophic prokaryote, cyanobacteria have been studied. In a quest to counteract the harmful UV radiation, cyanobacterial species biosynthesize photoprotective metabolites named as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). The investigation of MAAs as potential substitutes for commercial sunscreen compounds is motivated by their inherent characteristics, such as antioxidative properties, water solubility, low molecular weight, and high molar extinction coefficients. These attributes contribute to the stability of MAAs and make them promising candidates for natural alternatives in sunscreen formulations. They are effective at reducing direct damage caused by UV radiation and do not lead to the production of reactive oxygen radicals. In order to better understand the role, ecology, and its application at a commercial scale, tools like genome mining, heterologous expression, and synthetic biology have been explored in this review to develop next-generation sunscreens. Utilizing tactical concepts of bio-nanoconjugate formation for the development of an efficient MAA-nanoparticle conjugate structure would not only give the sunscreen complex stability but would also serve as a promising tool for the production of analogues. This review would provide insight on efforts to produce MAAs by diversifying the biosynthetic pathways, modulating the precursors and stress conditions, and comprehending the gene cluster arrangement for MAA biosynthesis and its application in developing effective sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Mishra
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Pritam Kaur
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Renu Soni
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Akanksha Madan
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Preeti Agarwal
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
| | - Garvita Singh
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Siri Fort Road, New Delhi, 110049, India.
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6
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Yamamoto R, Toriumi S, Kawagoe C, Saburi W, Kishimura H, Kumagai Y. Extraction and antioxidant capacity of mycosporine-like amino acids from red algae in Japan. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:830-838. [PMID: 38684478 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are the natural UV-absorbing compounds with antioxidant activity found in microalgae and macroalgae. We collected red algae Asparagopsis taxiformis, Meristotheca japonica, and Polysiphonia senticulosa from Nagasaki, where UV radiation is more intense than in Hokkaido, and investigated the effect of UV radiation on MAA content. It was suggested that A. taxiformis and M. japonica contained shinorine and palythine, while UV-absorbing compound in P. senticulosa could not be identified. The amounts of these MAAs were lower compared to those from Hokkaido. Despite an increase in UV radiation in both regions from February to April, MAA contents of red algae from Nagasaki slightly decreased while those from Hokkaido significantly decreased. This difference was suggested the amount of inorganic nitrogen in the ocean. Antioxidant activity of MAAs increased under alkaline conditions. The extract containing MAAs from P. senticulosa showed the highest antioxidant activity among 4 red algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuya Yamamoto
- Chair of Marine Chemical Resource Development, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toriumi
- Hokkaido Industrial Technology Center, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chikara Kawagoe
- Algatech Kyowa, Kyowa Concrete Industry Co. Ltd, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Wataru Saburi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideki Kishimura
- Laboratory of Marine Chemical Resource Development, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuya Kumagai
- Laboratory of Marine Chemical Resource Development, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
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7
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Amin N, Singh VK, Kannaujiya VK. Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids as a Potential Inhibitor of Tyrosinase-Related Protein 1: Computational Screening, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01153-2. [PMID: 38652428 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Melanin is the major pigment responsible for the coloring of mammalian skin, hair, and eyes to defend against ultraviolet radiation. However, excessive melanin production has resulted in numerous types of hyperpigmentation disorders. Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein enzyme found in many organisms, including humans, that plays an important role in melanogenesis. Thus, controlling the enzyme activity of TYRP1 with tyrosinase inhibitors is a vital step in the treatment of hyperpigmentation problems in humans. In the present investigation, virtual screening, pharmacokinetics, drug docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to find the most potent drug as an inhibitor of TYRP1 to effectively treat hyperpigmentation disorder. The 3D structure of TYRP1 was retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) database (PDB ID: 5M8M) and validated by the Ramachandran plot. Pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness showed that mycosporine 2 glycine (M2G) and shinorine (SHI) were the best compounds over other ligands in the same (P-1) structural pose. However, MD simulations of the M2G showed the highest CDOCKER interaction energy (-45.182 kcal/mol) and binding affinity (-65.0529 kcal/mol) as compared to SHI and reference drugs. The molecular binding modes RMSD and RMSF plots have exhibited more relevance to the M2G ligand in comparison to other drug ligands. The bioactivity and ligand efficiency profiles revealed that M2G is the most effective compound as a TYRP1 inhibitor. Thus, M2G could be used as a most effective drug for developing valuable sunscreen products to cure hyperpigmentation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Amin
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinay K Singh
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Kannaujiya
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Cowden AM, Losantos R, Whittock AL, Peñín B, Sampedro D, Stavros VG. Ring buckling and C=N isomerization pathways for efficient photoprotection in two nature-inspired UVA sunscreens revealed through ultrafast dynamics and high-level calculations. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:298-313. [PMID: 37312642 DOI: 10.1111/php.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sunscreens provide a frontline defense for our DNA against the damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The active ingredients in topically applied sunscreens that provide this defense are UV filters, which preferentially absorb or reflect UV radiation before it penetrates the skin and interacts with photosensitive nucleic acids. However, there are concerns related to human and environmental toxicity of current UV filters, and consequently a shift toward nature-inspired, particularly microbial, UV filters. In this paper, new physical insight is provided into the fundamental mechanisms of photoprotection in two synthetic analogs of mycosporine-like amino acid-type UV filters, demonstrating new methods of protection that are distinct from those of current commercial sunscreens, extending previous work in this area. Transient absorption measurements (both transient electronic absorption spectroscopy and transient vibrational absorption spectroscopy) are combined with steady-state studies and high-level computational results to aid our mapping of the experimentally derived lifetimes to real-time photodynamic processes. The conclusions reached here pave the way toward developing new and more efficient biomimetic DNA photoprotectant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Cowden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Molecular Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Raúl Losantos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Abigail L Whittock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Beatriz Peñín
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Diego Sampedro
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Park SJ, Sharma A, Lee HJ. An Update on the Chemical Constituents and Biological Properties of Selected Species of an Underpinned Genus of Red Algae: Chondrus. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:47. [PMID: 38248672 PMCID: PMC10817618 DOI: 10.3390/md22010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae, particularly red seaweeds, have attracted significant attention due to their economic and health benefits. Chondrus, a red algae genus, despite its economic importance, seems to be undervalued. Among all its species, Chondrus crispus has been meticulously documented for its biological properties, and little is known about other species. No comprehensive review of the biological properties of this genus has been acknowledged. Thus, this review aimed to summarize the available information on the chemical constituents and biological properties of a few selected species, including Chondrus crispus, Chondrus ocellatus, Mazzaella canaliculata, and Chondrus armatus. We compiled and discovered that the genus is offering most of the important health-promoting benefits evidenced from in vitro and in vivo studies focused on antimicrobial, immunomodulation, neuroprotection, anti-atopic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, cytoprotective, antioxidant, anti-coagulation, nephroprotective, anti-tumor, and anti-venom activity, which speaks about the potential of this genus. Data on clinical studies are limited. Further, around 105 chemical constituents have been reported from Chondrus spp. Given its significance, further investigation is warranted, in the form of meticulously planned cell, animal, and clinical studies that concentrate on novel health-enhancing endeavors, in order to unveil the full potential of this genus. The review also outlines challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Joo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea;
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Punchakara A, Prajapat G, Bairwa HK, Jain S, Agrawal A. Applications of mycosporine-like amino acids beyond photoprotection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0074023. [PMID: 37843273 PMCID: PMC10686070 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00740-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a lot of interest in mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) because of their alleged potential as a natural microbial sunscreen. Since chemical ultraviolet (UV) absorbers are unsafe for long-term usage, the demand for natural UV-absorbing substances has increased. In this situation, MAA is a strong contender for an eco-friendly UV protector. The capacity of MAAs to absorb light in the UV-A (320-400 nm) and UV-B (280-320 nm) range without generating free radicals is potentially relevant in photoprotection. The usage of MAAs for purposes other than photoprotection has now shifted in favor of medicinal applications. Aside from UV absorption, MAAs also have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, anti-photoaging, cell proliferation stimulators, anti-cancer agents, and anti-adipogenic properties. Recently, MAAs application to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection was also investigated. In this review article, we highlight the biomedical applications of MAAs that go beyond photoprotection, which can help in utilizing the MAAs as promising bioactive compounds in both pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhila Punchakara
- Energy and Environment Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ganshyam Prajapat
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar Bairwa
- Energy and Environment Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shikha Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akhil Agrawal
- Energy and Environment Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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Eungrasamee K, Lindblad P, Jantaro S. Improved lipid production and component of mycosporine-like amino acids by co-overexpression of amt1 and aroB genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19439. [PMID: 37945676 PMCID: PMC10636201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing homologous overexpression of the amt1 (A) and aroB (B) genes involved in ammonium transporter and the synthesis of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and aromatic amino acids, respectively, we created three engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 strains, including Ox-A, Ox-B, and Ox-AB, to study the utilization of carbon and nitrogen in cyanobacteria for the production of valuable products. With respect to amt1 overexpression, the Ox-A and Ox-AB strains had a greater growth rate under (NH4)2SO4 supplemented condition. Both the higher level of intracellular accumulation of lipids in Ox-A and Ox-AB as well as the increased secretion of free fatty acids from the Ox-A strain were impacted by the late-log phase of cell growth. It is noteworthy that among all strains, the Ox-B strain undoubtedly spotted a substantial accumulation of glycogen as a consequence of aroB overexpression. Additionally, the ammonium condition drove the potent antioxidant activity in Ox strains with a late-log phase, particularly in the Ox-B and Ox-AB strains. This was probably related to the altered MAA component inside the cells. The higher proportion of P4-fraction was induced by the ammonium condition in both Ox-B and Ox-AB, while the noted increase of the P1 component was found in the Ox-A strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonchanock Eungrasamee
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Peter Lindblad
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Saowarath Jantaro
- Laboratory of Cyanobacterial Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Najar-Almanzor CE, Velasco-Iglesias KD, Nunez-Ramos R, Uribe-Velázquez T, Solis-Bañuelos M, Fuentes-Carrasco OJ, Chairez I, García-Cayuela T, Carrillo-Nieves D. Microalgae-assisted green bioremediation of food-processing wastewater: A sustainable approach toward a circular economy concept. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118774. [PMID: 37619389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater disposal is a major environmental issue that pollutes water, causing eutrophication, habitat destruction, and economic impact. In Mexico, food-processing effluents pose a huge environmental threat due to their excessive nutrient content and their large volume discharged every year. Some of the most harmful residues are tequila vinasses, nejayote, and cheese whey. Each liter of tequila generates 13-15 L of vinasses, each kilogram of cheese produces approximately 9 kg of cheese whey, and each kilogram of nixtamalized maize results in the production of 2.5-3.3 L of nejayote. A promising strategy to reduce the contamination derived from wastewater is through microalgae-based wastewater treatment. Microalgae have a high adaptability to hostile environments and they can feed on the nutrients in the effluents to grow. Moreover, to increase the viability, profitability, and value of wastewater treatments, a microalgae biorefinery could be proposed. This review will focus on the circular bioeconomy scheme focused on the simultaneous food-processing wastewater treatment and its use to grow microalgae biomass to produce added-value compounds. This strategy allows for the revalorization of wastewater, decreases contamination of water sources, and produces valuable compounds that promote human health such as phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, omega-3 fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, mycosporine-like amino acids, and as a source of clean energy: biodiesel, biogas, and bioethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar E Najar-Almanzor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Karla D Velasco-Iglesias
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Regina Nunez-Ramos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Tlalli Uribe-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Minerva Solis-Bañuelos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Oscar J Fuentes-Carrasco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Isaac Chairez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for the Sustainable Manufacturing, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Tomás García-Cayuela
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Danay Carrillo-Nieves
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico.
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13
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Orfanoudaki M, Alilou M, Hartmann A, Mayr J, Karsten U, Nguyen-Ngoc H, Ganzera M. Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Novel Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from the Two Intertidal Red Macroalgae Bostrychia scorpioides and Catenella caespitosa. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:543. [PMID: 37888478 PMCID: PMC10608480 DOI: 10.3390/md21100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a phytochemical survey of two common intertidal red algal species, Bostrychia scorpioides and Catenella caespitosa, regarding their MAA (mycosporine-like amino acid) composition, which are known as biogenic sunscreen compounds. Six novel MAAs from Bostrychia scorpioides named bostrychines and two novel MAAs from Catenella caespitosa named catenellines were isolated using a protocol which included silica gel column chromatography, flash chromatography on reversed phase material and semipreparative HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). The structure of the novel MAAs was elucidated using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and HR-MS (High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry), and their absolute configuration was confirmed by ECD (Electronic Circular Dichroism). All isolated MAAs possess a cyclohexenimine scaffold, and the metabolites from B. scorpioides are related to the known MAAs bostrychines A-F, which contain glutamine, glutamic acid and/or threonine in their side chains. The new MAAs from C. caespitosa contain taurine, an amino sulfonic acid that is also present in another MAA isolated from this species, namely, catenelline. Previous and new data confirm that intertidal red algae are chemically rich in MAAs, which explains their high tolerance against biologically harmful ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Orfanoudaki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
| | - Mostafa Alilou
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
| | - Anja Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
| | - Julia Mayr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology & Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Hieu Nguyen-Ngoc
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
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14
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Arsın S, Delbaje E, Jokela J, Wahlsten M, Farrar ZM, Permi P, Fewer D. A Plastic Biosynthetic Pathway for the Production of Structurally Distinct Microbial Sunscreens. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1959-1967. [PMID: 37603862 PMCID: PMC10510106 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are small, colorless, and water-soluble secondary metabolites. They have high molar extinction coefficients and a unique UV radiation absorption mechanism that make them effective sunscreens. Here we report the discovery of two structurally distinct MAAs from the lichen symbiont strain Nostoc sp. UHCC 0926. We identified these MAAs as aplysiapalythine E (C23H38N2O15) and tricore B (C34H53N4O15) using a combination of high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS) analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We obtained a 8.3 Mb complete genome sequence of Nostoc sp. UHCC 0926 to gain insights into the genetic basis for the biosynthesis of these two structural distinct MAAs. We identified MAA biosynthetic genes encoded in three separate locations of the genome. The organization of biosynthetic enzymes in Nostoc sp. UHCC 0926 necessitates a branched biosynthetic pathway to produce two structurally distinct MAAs. We detected the presence of such discontiguous MAA biosynthetic gene clusters in 12% of the publicly available complete cyanobacterial genomes. Bioinformatic analysis of public MAA biosynthetic gene clusters suggests that they are subject to rapid evolutionary processes resulting in highly plastic biosynthetic pathways that are responsible for the chemical diversity in this family of microbial sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sıla Arsın
- University
of Helsinki, Department of Microbiology,
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Endrews Delbaje
- University
of São Paulo, Center for Nuclear
Energy in Agriculture, Avenida Centenário 303, 13400-970 Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jouni Jokela
- University
of Helsinki, Department of Microbiology,
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Wahlsten
- University
of Helsinki, Department of Microbiology,
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zoë M. Farrar
- University
of Helsinki, Department of Microbiology,
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Permi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David Fewer
- University
of Helsinki, Department of Microbiology,
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Matias M, Martins A, Alves C, Silva J, Pinteus S, Fitas M, Pinto P, Marto J, Ribeiro H, Murray P, Pedrosa R. New Insights into the Dermocosmetic Potential of the Red Seaweed Gelidium corneum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1684. [PMID: 37759987 PMCID: PMC10525542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work addresses the potential of the red seaweed Gelidium corneum as a source of bioactive ingredients for skin health and wellness in response to the growing awareness regarding the significance of sustainable strategies in developing new nature-based dermocosmetic products. Hydroalcoholic extracts from the dried biomass were subjected to sequential liquid-liquid partitions, affording five different fractions (F1-F5). Their cosmetic potential was assessed through a set of in vitro assays concerning their antioxidant, photoprotective, and healing properties. Additionally, their cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells and their capacity to induce inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells were also evaluated. As a proof-of-concept, O/W emulsions were prepared, and emulsion stability was assessed by optical microscopy, droplet size analysis, centrifugation tests, and rheology analysis. Furthermore, in vivo tests were conducted with the final formulation to assess its antioxidant capacity. At subtoxic concentrations, the most lipophilic fraction has provided photoprotection against UV light-induced photooxidation in HaCaT cells. This was conducted together with the aqueous fraction, which also displayed healing capacities. Regarding the physical and stability assays, the best performance was achieved with the formulation containing 1% aqueous extract, which exhibited water retention and antioxidant properties in the in vivo assay. In summary, Gelidium corneum displayed itself as a potential source of bioactive ingredients with multitarget properties for dermatological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Matias
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.); (J.S.); (S.P.); (R.P.)
- LIFE-Health and Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of Shannon, Moylish Park, V94 E8YF Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.); (J.S.); (S.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.); (J.S.); (S.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.); (J.S.); (S.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.); (J.S.); (S.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Manuel Fitas
- PhD Trials, Avenida Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, n° 24 A, 1750-182 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Pedro Pinto
- PhD Trials, Avenida Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, n° 24 A, 1750-182 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.F.); (P.P.)
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.M.); (H.R.)
| | - Patrick Murray
- LIFE-Health and Bioscience Research Institute, Technological University of Shannon, Moylish Park, V94 E8YF Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (C.A.); (J.S.); (S.P.); (R.P.)
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16
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Salehian S, Saadatbakht M, Tabarzad M, Hosseinabadi T. Culture Optimization to Produce High Yields of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids by Fischerella sp. F5. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00854-4. [PMID: 37597118 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Fischerella sp. is a valuable source of active metabolites, including UV-protecting compounds, among which mycosporin-like amino acids (MAAs) can be mentioned. Mycosporine-like amino acids are attractive secondary metabolites of a wide range of microorganisms, including microalgae and cyanobacteria. Enhanced production of MAAs has been studied in different sources. This study aimed to optimize the phosphate and nitrate concentrations of the culture medium on BG11 to maximize MAAs production from Fischerella sp. F5, using response surface methodology. The extraction process from the cultures, grown in adjusted conditions, was also optimized. The results confirmed that increasing both, nitrate and phosphate concentration, in the culture medium had a positive effect on the MAAs production by Fischerella sp. F5. While, optimization of the extraction process was not led to a highly accurate predictive model; temperature, sonication time, methanol ratio, and solvent/biomass ratio exhibited significant effects on the final MAAs' concentration in partially purified extracts. In general, more optimization cultures studies need to complete these findings in reference to MAAs production and extraction from Fischerella sp. F5, for commercial-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Salehian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Saadatbakht
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Tahereh Hosseinabadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Singh VK, Jha S, Rana P, Mishra S, Kumari N, Singh SC, Anand S, Upadhye V, Sinha RP. Resilience and Mitigation Strategies of Cyanobacteria under Ultraviolet Radiation Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12381. [PMID: 37569755 PMCID: PMC10419127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) tends to damage key cellular machinery. Cells may adapt by developing several defence mechanisms as a response to such damage; otherwise, their destiny is cell death. Since cyanobacteria are primary biotic components and also important biomass producers, any drastic effects caused by UVR may imbalance the entire ecosystem. Cyanobacteria are exposed to UVR in their natural habitats. This exposure can cause oxidative stress which affects cellular morphology and vital processes such as cell growth and differentiation, pigmentation, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and enzyme activity, as well as alterations in the native structure of biomolecules such as proteins and DNA. The high resilience and several mitigation strategies adopted by a cyanobacterial community in the face of UV stress are attributed to the activation of several photo/dark repair mechanisms, avoidance, scavenging, screening, antioxidant systems, and the biosynthesis of UV photoprotectants, such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), scytonemin (Scy), carotenoids, and polyamines. This knowledge can be used to develop new strategies for protecting other organisms from the harmful effects of UVR. The review critically reports the latest updates on various resilience and defence mechanisms employed by cyanobacteria to withstand UV-stressed environments. In addition, recent developments in the field of the molecular biology of UV-absorbing compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids and scytonemin and the possible role of programmed cell death, signal perception, and transduction under UVR stress are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha K. Singh
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (V.K.S.); (S.J.); (P.R.); (S.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Sapana Jha
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (V.K.S.); (S.J.); (P.R.); (S.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Palak Rana
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (V.K.S.); (S.J.); (P.R.); (S.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Sonal Mishra
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (V.K.S.); (S.J.); (P.R.); (S.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Neha Kumari
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (V.K.S.); (S.J.); (P.R.); (S.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Suresh C. Singh
- Taurmed Technologies Pvt Ltd., 304, Pearl’s Business Park, Netaji Subhash Place, New Delhi 110034, India; (S.C.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Shekhar Anand
- Taurmed Technologies Pvt Ltd., 304, Pearl’s Business Park, Netaji Subhash Place, New Delhi 110034, India; (S.C.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Vijay Upadhye
- Department of Microbiology, Parul Institute of Applied Science, Center of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India;
| | - Rajeshwar P. Sinha
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Microbiology, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India; (V.K.S.); (S.J.); (P.R.); (S.M.); (N.K.)
- University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Chandigarh 140413, India
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18
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Peng J, Guo F, Liu S, Fang H, Xu Z, Wang T. Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids. Molecules 2023; 28:5588. [PMID: 37513460 PMCID: PMC10384724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are a class of water-soluble active substances produced by various aquatic organisms. However, due to the limitations of low accumulation of MAAs in organisms, the cumbersome extraction process, difficult identification, and high cost, MAAs have not yet been widely used in human life. Recently, there has been an emergence of heterologous synthesis for MAAs, making increasing yield the key to the quantification and application of MAAs. This review summarizes the latest research progress of MAAs, including: (1) introducing the biodistribution of MAAs and the content differences among different species to provide a reference for the selection of research subjects; (2) elaborating the species and molecular information of MAAs; (3) dissecting the synthesis mechanism and sorting out the synthesis pathways of various MAAs; (4) summarizing the methods of extraction and identification, summarizing the advantages and disadvantages, and providing a reference for the optimization of extraction protocols; (5) examining the heterologous synthesis method; and (6) summarizing the physiological functions of MAAs. This paper comprehensively updates the latest research status of MAAs and the various problems that need to be addressed, especially emphasizing the potential advantages of heterologous synthesis in the future production of MAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Sishi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haiyan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhenshang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
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19
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Kim S, Park BG, Jin H, Lee D, Teoh JY, Kim YJ, Lee S, Kim SJ, Moh SH, Yoo D, Choi W, Hahn JS. Efficient production of natural sunscreens shinorine, porphyra-334, and mycosporine-2-glycine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2023; 78:137-147. [PMID: 37257683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are promising natural sunscreens mainly produced in marine organisms. Until now, metabolic engineering efforts to produce MAAs in heterologous hosts have mainly focused on shinorine production, and the low production levels are still not suitable for industrial applications. In this study, we successfully developed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that can efficiently produce various disubstituted MAAs, including shinorine, porphyra-334, and mycosporine-2-glycine (M2G), which are formed by conjugating serine, threonine, and glycine to mycosporine-glycine (MG), respectively. We first generated an MG-producing strain by multiple integration of the biosynthetic genes from cyanobacteria and applying metabolic engineering strategies to increase sedoheptulose-7-phosphate pool, a substrate for MG production. Next, five mysD genes from cyanobacteria, which encode D-Ala-D-Ala ligase homologues that conjugate an amino acid to MG, were introduced into the MG-producing strain to determine the substrate preference of each MysD enzyme. MysDs from Lyngbya sp., Nostoclinckia, and Euhalothece sp. showed high specificity toward serine, threonine, and glycine, resulting in efficient production of shinorine, porphyra-334, and M2G, respectively. This is the first report on the production of porphyra-334 and M2G in S. cerevisiae. Furthermore, we identified that the substrate specificity of MysD was determined by the omega loop region of 43-45 amino acids predicted based on its structural homology to a D-Ala-D-Ala ligase from Thermus thermophilus involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The substrate specificities of two MysD enzymes were interchangeable by swapping the omega loop region. Using the engineered strain expressing mysD from Lyngbya sp. or N. linckia, up to 1.53 g/L shinorine or 1.21 g/L porphyra-334 was produced by fed-batch fermentation in a 5-L bioreactor, the highest titer reported so far. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae is a promising host for industrial production of different types of MAAs, providing a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for the development of natural sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Gi Park
- CutisBio Co., Ltd., 842 Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06025, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbin Jin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeyeol Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Ying Teoh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Jae Kim
- CutisBio Co., Ltd., 842 Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06025, Republic of Korea
| | - Sak Lee
- BioFD&C Co., Ltd., 30 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Moh
- BioFD&C Co., Ltd., 30 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Yoo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonwoo Choi
- CutisBio Co., Ltd., 842 Nonhyeon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06025, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Hahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Whittock AL, Ding X, Ramirez Barker XE, Auckloo N, Sellers RA, Woolley JM, Tamareselvy K, Vincendet M, Corre C, Pickwell-MacPherson E, Stavros VG. Spectroscopic insight on impact of environment on natural photoprotectants. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6763-6769. [PMID: 37350813 PMCID: PMC10284146 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01875j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomimicry has become a key player in researching new materials for a whole range of applications. In this study, we have taken a crude extract from the red algae Palmaria palmata containing mycosporine-like amino acids - a photoprotective family of molecules. We have applied the crude extract onto a surface to assess if photoprotection, and more broadly, light-to-heat conversion, is retained; we found it is. Considering sunscreens as a specific application, we have performed transmission and reflection terahertz spectroscopy of the extract and glycerol to demonstrate how one can monitor stability in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Whittock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Xuefei Ding
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Nazia Auckloo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Intergrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Jack M Woolley
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Krishnan Tamareselvy
- Lubrizol Advanced Materials Inc. 377 Hoes Lane, Suite 210 Piscataway New Jersey 08854 USA
| | - Marine Vincendet
- Lubrizol Life Science Beauty Calle Isaac Peral, 17 Pol. Ind. Camí Ral 08850 Barcelona Spain
| | - Christophe Corre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Warwick Intergrative Synthetic Biology Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - Vasilios G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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21
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Jacinavicius FR, Geraldes V, Fernandes K, Crnkovic CM, Gama WA, Pinto E. Toxicological effects of cyanobacterial metabolites on zebrafish larval development. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102430. [PMID: 37220983 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater cyanobacteria are known worldwide for their potential to produce toxins. However, these organisms are also found in marine, terrestrial and extreme environments and produce unique compounds, other than toxins. Nevertheless, their effects on biological systems are still barely known. This work tested extracts of different cyanobacterial strains against zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae and analyzed their metabolomic profiles using liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Strains Desertifilum tharense, Anagnostidinema amphibium, and Nostoc sp. promoted morphological abnormalities such as pericardial edema, edema in the digestive system region, curvature of the tail and spine in zebrafish larvae in vivo. In contrast, Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlorogloeopsis sp. did not promote such changes. Metabolomics revealed unique compounds belonging to the classes of terpenoids, peptides, and linear lipopeptides/microginins in the nontoxic strains. The toxic strains were shown to contain unique compounds belonging to the classes of cyclic peptides, amino acids and other peptides, anabaenopeptins, lipopeptides, terpenoids, and alkaloids and derivatives. Other unknown compounds were also detected, highlighting the rich structural diversity of secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. The effects of cyanobacterial metabolites on living organisms, mainly those related to potential human and ecotoxicological risks, are still poorly known. This work highlights the diverse, complex, and unique metabolomic profiles of cyanobacteria and the biotechnological potential and associated risks of exposure to their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda R Jacinavicius
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Geraldes
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil; Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - Kelly Fernandes
- Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-260, Brazil
| | - Camila M Crnkovic
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Watson A Gama
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, CEP 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil; Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-260, Brazil
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22
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Garcia-Perez P, Cassani L, Garcia-Oliveira P, Xiao J, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA, Lucini L. Algal nutraceuticals: A perspective on metabolic diversity, current food applications, and prospects in the field of metabolomics. Food Chem 2023; 409:135295. [PMID: 36603477 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The current consumers' demand for food naturalness is urging the search for new functional foods of natural origin with enhanced health-promoting properties. In this sense, algae constitute an underexplored biological source of nutraceuticals that can be used to fortify food products. Both marine macroalgae (or seaweeds) and microalgae exhibit a myriad of chemical constituents with associated features as a result of their primary and secondary metabolism. Thus, primary metabolites, especially polysaccharides and phycobiliproteins, present interesting properties to improve the rheological and nutritional properties of food matrices, whereas secondary metabolites, such as polyphenols and xanthophylls, may provide interesting bioactivities, including antioxidant or cytotoxic effects. Due to the interest in algae as a source of nutraceuticals by the food and related industries, novel strategies should be undertaken to add value to their derived functional components. As a result, metabolomics is considered a high throughput technology to get insight into the full metabolic profile of biological samples, and it opens a wide perspective in the study of algae metabolism, whose knowledge is still little explored. This review focuses on algae metabolism and its applications in the food industry, paying attention to the promising metabolomic approaches to be developed aiming at the functional characterization of these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual Garcia-Perez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Lucia Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO-IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paula Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO-IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Miguel A Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, Universidade de Vigo, E32004 Ourense, Spain; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO-IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
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23
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Pereira L, Cotas J. Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols and Other Micronutrients of Marine Origin. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:323. [PMID: 37367648 DOI: 10.3390/md21060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are compounds found in various plants and foods, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, researchers have been exploring the therapeutic potential of marine polyphenols and other minor nutrients that are found in algae, fish and crustaceans. These compounds have unique chemical structures and exhibit diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor action. Due to these properties, marine polyphenols are being investigated as possible therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of marine polyphenols and their applications in human health, and also, in marine phenolic classes, the extraction methods, purification techniques and future applications of marine phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Pereira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, IATV-Institute of Environment, Technology and Life, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto do Ambiente Tecnologia e Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Cotas
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, IATV-Institute of Environment, Technology and Life, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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24
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Dini I. The Potential of Algae in the Nutricosmetic Sector. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104032. [PMID: 37241773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds or algae are marine autotrophic organisms. They produce nutrients (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) essential for the survival of living organisms as they participate in biochemical processes and non-nutritive molecules (such as dietary fibers and secondary metabolites), which can improve their physiological functions. Seaweed polysaccharides, fatty acids, peptides, terpenoids, pigments, and polyphenols have biological properties that can be used to develop food supplements and nutricosmetic products as they can act as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds. This review examines the (primary and secondary) metabolites produced by algae, the most recent evidence of their effect on human health conditions, with particular attention to what concerns the skin and hair's well-being. It also evaluates the industrial potential of recovering these metabolites from biomass produced by algae used to clean wastewater. The results demonstrate that algae can be considered a natural source of bioactive molecules for well-being formulations. The primary and secondary metabolites' upcycling can be an exciting opportunity to safeguard the planet (promoting a circular economy) and, at the same time, obtain low-cost bioactive molecules for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries from low-cost, raw, and renewable materials. Today's lack of methodologies for recovering bioactive molecules in large-scale processes limits practical realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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25
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Neale PJ, Williamson CE, Banaszak AT, Häder DP, Hylander S, Ossola R, Rose KC, Wängberg SÅ, Zepp R. The response of aquatic ecosystems to the interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00370-z. [PMID: 37129840 PMCID: PMC10153058 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Variations in stratospheric ozone and changes in the aquatic environment by climate change and human activity are modifying the exposure of aquatic ecosystems to UV radiation. These shifts in exposure have consequences for the distributions of species, biogeochemical cycles, and services provided by aquatic ecosystems. This Quadrennial Assessment presents the latest knowledge on the multi-faceted interactions between the effects of UV irradiation and climate change, and other anthropogenic activities, and how these conditions are changing aquatic ecosystems. Climate change results in variations in the depth of mixing, the thickness of ice cover, the duration of ice-free conditions and inputs of dissolved organic matter, all of which can either increase or decrease exposure to UV radiation. Anthropogenic activities release oil, UV filters in sunscreens, and microplastics into the aquatic environment that are then modified by UV radiation, frequently amplifying adverse effects on aquatic organisms and their environments. The impacts of these changes in combination with factors such as warming and ocean acidification are considered for aquatic micro-organisms, macroalgae, plants, and animals (floating, swimming, and attached). Minimising the disruptive consequences of these effects on critical services provided by the world's rivers, lakes and oceans (freshwater supply, recreation, transport, and food security) will not only require continued adherence to the Montreal Protocol but also a wider inclusion of solar UV radiation and its effects in studies and/or models of aquatic ecosystems under conditions of the future global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Neale
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, USA.
| | | | - A T Banaszak
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Puerto Morelos, Mexico
| | - D-P Häder
- Friedrich-Alexander University, Möhrendorf, Germany
| | | | - R Ossola
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA
| | - K C Rose
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, USA
| | | | - R Zepp
- ORD/CEMM, US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, USA
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26
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Dextro RB, Fiore MF, Long PF. Resolving Confusion Surrounding d-Ala-d-Ala Ligase Catalysis in Cyanobacterial Mycosporine-Like Amino Acid (MAA) Biosynthesis. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300158. [PMID: 37104846 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are natural UV-absorbing sunscreens that evolved in cyanobacteria and algae to palliate harmful effects from obligatory exposure to solar radiation. Multiple lines of evidence prove that in cyanobacteria all MAAs are derived from mycosporine-glycine, which is typically modified by an ATP-dependent ligase encoded by the gene mysD. The function of the mysD ligase has been experimentally described but haphazardly named based solely upon sequence similarity to the d-alanine-d-alanine ligase of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Combining phylogeny and alpha-fold tertiary protein structure prediction unambiguously distinguished mysD from d-alanine-d-alanine ligase. The renaming of mysD to mycosporine-glycine-amine ligase (MG-amine ligase) using recognised enzymology rules of nomenclature is, therefore, proposed, and considers relaxed specificity for several different amino acid substrates. The evolutionary and ecological context of MG-amine ligase catalysis merits wider appreciation especially when considering exploiting cyanobacteria for biotechnology, for example, producing mixtures of MAAs with enhanced optical or antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael B Dextro
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Marli F Fiore
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo, Avenida Centenário 303, Piracicaba, 13416-000, Brazil
| | - Paul F Long
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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27
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Rosic N, Climstein M, Boyle GM, Thanh Nguyen D, Feng Y. Exploring Mycosporine-like Amino Acid UV-Absorbing Natural Products for a New Generation of Environmentally Friendly Sunscreens. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040253. [PMID: 37103392 PMCID: PMC10142268 DOI: 10.3390/md21040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin needs additional protection from damaging ultraviolet radiation (UVR: 280-400 nm). Harmful UVR exposure leads to DNA damage and the development of skin cancer. Available sunscreens offer chemical protection from detrimental sun radiation to a certain extent. However, many synthetic sunscreens do not provide sufficient UVR protection due to the lack of photostability of their UV-absorbing active ingredients and/or the lack of ability to prevent the formation of free radicals, inevitably leading to skin damage. In addition, synthetic sunscreens may negatively affect human skin, causing irritation, accelerating skin aging and even resulting in allergic reactions. Beyond the potential negative effect on human health, some synthetic sunscreens have been shown to have a harmful impact on the environment. Consequently, identifying photostable, biodegradable, non-toxic, and renewable natural UV filters is imperative to address human health needs and provide a sustainable environmental solution. In nature, marine, freshwater, and terrestrial organisms are protected from harmful UVR through several important photoprotective mechanisms, including the synthesis of UV-absorbing compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Beyond MAAs, several other promising, natural UV-absorbing products could be considered for the future development of natural sunscreens. This review investigates the damaging impact of UVR on human health and the necessity of using sunscreens for UV protection, specifically UV-absorbing natural products that are more environmentally friendly than synthetic UV filters. Critical challenges and limitations related to using MAAs in sunscreen formulations are also evaluated. Furthermore, we explain how the genetic diversity of MAA biosynthetic pathways may be linked to their bioactivities and assess MAAs' potential for applications in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljka Rosic
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Research (PASER) Theme, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia
- Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing, Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- Cancer Research Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Duy Thanh Nguyen
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
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28
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Sepúlveda D, Campusano S, Moliné M, Barahona S, Baeza M, Alcaíno J, Colabella F, Urzúa B, Libkind D, Cifuentes V. Unraveling the Molecular Basis of Mycosporine Biosynthesis in Fungi. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065930. [PMID: 36983003 PMCID: PMC10057719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Phaffia rhodozyma UCD 67-385 genome harbors a 7873 bp cluster containing DDGS, OMT, and ATPG, encoding 2-desmethy-4-deoxygadusol synthase, O-methyl transferase, and ATP-grasp ligase, respectively, of the mycosporine glutaminol (MG) biosynthesis pathway. Homozygous deletion mutants of the entire cluster, single-gene mutants, and the Δddgs-/-;Δomt-/- and Δomt-/-;Δatpg-/- double-gene mutants did not produce mycosporines. However, Δatpg-/- accumulated the intermediate 4-deoxygadusol. Heterologous expression of the DDGS and OMT or DDGS, OMT, and ATPG cDNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae led to 4-deoxygadusol or MG production, respectively. Genetic integration of the complete cluster into the genome of the non-mycosporine-producing CBS 6938 wild-type strain resulted in a transgenic strain (CBS 6938_MYC) that produced MG and mycosporine glutaminol glucoside. These results indicate the function of DDGS, OMT, and ATPG in the mycosporine biosynthesis pathway. The transcription factor gene mutants Δmig1-/-, Δcyc8-/-, and Δopi1-/- showed upregulation, Δrox1-/- and Δskn7-/- showed downregulation, and Δtup6-/- and Δyap6-/- showed no effect on mycosporinogenesis in glucose-containing medium. Finally, comparative analysis of the cluster sequences in several P. rhodozyma strains and the four newly described species of the genus showed the phylogenetic relationship of the P. rhodozyma strains and their differentiation from the other species of the genus Phaffia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionisia Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Sebastián Campusano
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Martín Moliné
- Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), CONICET-UNCo, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Salvador Barahona
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Marcelo Baeza
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Jennifer Alcaíno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | | | - Blanca Urzúa
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Diego Libkind
- Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), CONICET-UNCo, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche 8400, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Víctor Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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29
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Whittock AL, Cowden AM, Wills M, Stavros VG. Examining the substituent effect on mycosporine-inspired ultraviolet filters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7401-7406. [PMID: 36846923 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Current organic ultraviolet (UV) filters found in sunscreen formulations suffer a number of drawbacks. In this work, we have synthesised four biomimetic molecules built on the mycosporine molecular scaffold (a natural UV filter) with varying substituents at one of the carbons on the ring and investigated their photoprotective properties. From our findings, we infer design guidelines which may have a direct result on the production of next generation UV filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Whittock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. .,Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Adam M Cowden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. .,Molecular Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Martin Wills
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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30
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Chen M, Jiang Y, Ding Y. Recent progress in unraveling the biosynthesis of natural sunscreens mycosporine-like amino acids. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad038. [PMID: 37950572 PMCID: PMC10666671 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays is a known risk factor for skin cancer, which can be notably mitigated through the application of sun care products. However, escalating concerns regarding the adverse health and environmental impacts of synthetic anti-UV chemicals underscore a pressing need for the development of biodegradable and eco-friendly sunscreen ingredients. Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) represent a family of water-soluble anti-UV natural products synthesized by various organisms. These compounds can provide a two-pronged strategy for sun protection as they not only exhibit a superior UV absorption profile but also possess the potential to alleviate UV-induced oxidative stresses. Nevertheless, the widespread incorporation of MAAs in sun protection products is hindered by supply constraints. Delving into the biosynthetic pathways of MAAs can offer innovative strategies to overcome this limitation. Here, we review recent progress in MAA biosynthesis, with an emphasis on key biosynthetic enzymes, including the dehydroquinate synthase homolog MysA, the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-grasp ligases MysC and MysD, and the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like enzyme MysE. Additionally, we discuss recently discovered MAA tailoring enzymes. The enhanced understanding of the MAA biosynthesis paves the way for not only facilitating the supply of MAA analogs but also for exploring the evolution of this unique family of natural sunscreens. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY This review discusses the role of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) as potent natural sunscreens and delves into recent progress in their biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyun Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610USA
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610USA
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610USA
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Biomolecules from Macroalgae-Nutritional Profile and Bioactives for Novel Food Product Development. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020386. [PMID: 36830755 PMCID: PMC9953460 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed is in the spotlight as a promising source of nutrition for humans as the search for sustainable food production systems continues. Seaweed has a well-documented rich nutritional profile containing compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids and polysaccharides as well as proteins, fatty acids and minerals. Seaweed processing for the extraction of functional ingredients such as alginate, agar, and carrageenan is well-established. Novel pretreatments such as ultrasound assisted extraction or high-pressure processing can be incorporated to more efficiently extract these targeted ingredients. The scope of products that can be created using seaweed are wide ranging: from bread and noodles to yoghurt and milk and even as an ingredient to enhance the nutritional profile and stability of meat products. There are opportunities for food producers in this area to develop novel food products using seaweed. This review paper discusses the unique properties of seaweed as a food, the processes involved in seaweed aquaculture, and the products that can be developed from this marine biomass. Challenges facing the industry such as consumer hesitation around seaweed products, the safety of seaweed, and processing hurdles will also be discussed.
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Exploring the Relationship between Biosynthetic Gene Clusters and Constitutive Production of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in Brazilian Cyanobacteria. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031420. [PMID: 36771087 PMCID: PMC9918943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are oxygenic phototrophic prokaryotes that have evolved to produce ultraviolet-screening mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) to lessen harmful effects from obligatory exposure to solar UV radiation. The cyanobacterial MAA biosynthetic cluster is formed by a gene encoding 2-epi-5-epi-valiolone synthase (EVS) located immediately upstream from an O-methyltransferase (OMT) encoding gene, which together biosynthesize the expected MAA precursor 4-deoxygadusol. Accordingly, these genes are typically absent in non-producers. In this study, the relationship between gene cluster architecture and constitutive production of MAAs was evaluated in cyanobacteria isolated from various Brazilian biomes. Constitutive production of MAAs was only detected in strains where genes formed a co-linear cluster. Expectedly, this production was enhanced upon exposure of the strains to UV irradiance and by using distinct culture media. Constitutive production of MAAs was not detected in all other strains and, unexpectedly, production could not be induced by exposure to UV irradiation or changing growth media. Other photoprotection strategies which might be employed by these MAA non-producing strains are discussed. The evolutionary and ecological significance of gene order conservation warrants closer experimentation, which may provide a first insight into regulatory interactions of genes encoding enzymes for MAA biosynthesis.
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Kim SR, Cha M, Kim T, Song S, Kang HJ, Jung Y, Cho JY, Moh SH, Kim SJ. Sustainable Production of Shinorine from Lignocellulosic Biomass by Metabolically Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15848-15858. [PMID: 36475725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) have been used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this work was to develop yeast strains for sustainable and economical production of MAAs, especially shinorine. First, genes involved in MAA biosynthetic pathway from Actinosynnema mirum were introduced into Saccharomyces cerevisiae for heterologous shinorine production. Second, combinatorial expression of wild and mutant xylose reductase was adopted in the engineered S. cerevisiae to facilitate xylose utilization in the pentose phosphate pathway. Finally, the accumulation of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate (S7P) was attempted by deleting transaldolase-encoding TAL1 in the pentose phosphate pathway to increase carbon flux toward shinorine production. In fed-batch fermentation, the engineered strain (DXdT-M) produced 751 mg/L shinorine in 71 h. Ultimately, 54 mg/L MAAs was produced by DXdT-M from rice straw hydrolysate. The results suggest that shinorine production by S. cerevisiae might be a promising process for sustainable production and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Rim Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Cha
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeok Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihoon Song
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jee Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology and Institute of Fermentation Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology and Institute of Fermentation Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Cho
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Moh
- Bio-FD&C Co., Ltd., Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Enhancing Bioproducts in Seaweeds via Sustainable Aquaculture: Antioxidant and Sun-Protection Compounds. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120767. [PMID: 36547914 PMCID: PMC9787370 DOI: 10.3390/md20120767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine macroalgae are considered an untapped source of healthy natural metabolites and their market demand is rapidly increasing. Intertidal macroalgae present chemical defense mechanisms that enable them to thrive under changing environmental conditions. These intracellular chemicals include compounds that can be used for human benefit. The aim of this study was to test cultivation protocols that direct seaweed metabolic responses to enhance the production of target antioxidant and photoprotective biomaterials. We present an original integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) design, based on a two-phase cultivation plan, in which three seaweed species were initially fed by fish effluents, and subsequently exposed to various abiotic stresses, namely, high irradiance, nutrient starvation, and high salinity. The combined effect of the IMTA's high nutrient concentrations and/or followed by the abiotic stressors enhanced the seaweeds' content of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) by 2.3-fold, phenolic compounds by 1.4-fold, and their antioxidant capacity by 1.8-fold. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) rose by 2.7-fold, and the chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein synthesis was stimulated dramatically by an order of magnitude. Our integrated cultivation system design offers a sustainable approach, with the potential to be adopted by emerging industries for food and health applications.
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Kasanah N, Ulfah M, Imania O, Hanifah AN, Marjan MID. Rhodophyta as Potential Sources of Photoprotectants, Antiphotoaging Compounds, and Hydrogels for Cosmeceutical Application. Molecules 2022; 27:7788. [PMID: 36431889 PMCID: PMC9697178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are macroscopic, multicellular, eukaryotic and photosynthetic organisms, and are a source of chemical diversity with powerful biological activities for diversified industrial applications including cosmeceuticals. Red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) are good sources of Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA) for photoprotectant and antiphotoaging compounds. In addition, Rhodophyta are also good sources for hydrogel compounds that are used widely in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries as gelling agents, moisturizers or for their antiphotoaging effects. Our survey and ongoing studies revealed that the biodiversity of Indonesian Rhodophyta is rich and is a treasure trove for cosmeceutical agents including MAA and hydrogels. This study delivers valuable information for identifying potential red seaweeds in screening and searching for cosmeceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noer Kasanah
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Integrated Agrocomplex Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Maria Ulfah
- Integrated Agrocomplex Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Okmalisda Imania
- Integrated Agrocomplex Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Nur Hanifah
- Integrated Agrocomplex Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Fuentes E, Pérez-Velón D, Prieto B. Effects of changes in UV-B radiation levels on biofilm-forming organisms commonly found in cultural heritage surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114061. [PMID: 35985488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measuring and monitoring methods available since the 1980s have shown that the amount of Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface has increased as a result of degradation of the ozone layer. Since the adoption of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, ozone levels have been recovering successfully. However, in the context of the current climate change, other factors such as changes in cloud patterns and an increased incidence of natural disasters (e.g. fires) may be disrupting this recovery. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different UV-B radiation levels on biofilms colonising heritage monuments. For this purpose, the effects of current UV-B levels on a biofilm composed of Synechocystis sp. (a cyanobacterium), Bracteacoccus minor (a green alga) and Fusarium sp. (a fungus) were compared at three points along a South-North transect: Portugal, Galicia (NW Spain) and Ireland (from highest to lowest UV-B radiation, respectively). Increased levels of UV-B radiation caused changes in the growth, physiological state and composition of subaerial biofilms, with cyanobacteria being more resistant than green algae to high levels of UV-B. A reduction of fungal growth and extracellular polymer substances (EPS) production was also observed, related to the reduction of biofilm aggregation at high UV-B levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Fuentes
- Departamento Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Diana Pérez-Velón
- Departamento Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Prieto
- Departamento Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Duarte N. Special Issue on Plant and Marine-Derived Natural Product Research in Drug Discovery: Strengths and Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101249. [PMID: 36297361 PMCID: PMC9608971 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noélia Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ashokkumar V, Jayashree S, Kumar G, Aruna Sharmili S, Gopal M, Dharmaraj S, Chen WH, Kothari R, Manasa I, Hoon Park J, Shruthi S, Ngamcharussrivichai C. Recent developments in biorefining of macroalgae metabolites and their industrial applications - A circular economy approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127235. [PMID: 35487449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The macroalgal industry is expanding, and the quest for novel ingredients to improve and develop innovative products is crucial. Consumers are increasingly looking for natural-derived ingredients in cosmetic products that have been proven to be effective and safe. Macroalgae-derived compounds have growing popularity in skincare products as they are natural, abundant, biocompatible, and renewable. Due to their high biomass yields, rapid growth rates, and cultivation process, they are gaining widespread recognition as potentially sustainable resources better suited for biorefinery processes. This review demonstrates macroalgae metabolites and their industrial applications in moisturizers, anti-aging, skin whitening, hair, and oral care products. These chemicals can be obtained in combination with energy products to increase the value of macroalgae from an industrial perspective with a zero-waste approach by linking multiple refineries. The key challenges, bottlenecks, and future perspectives in the operation and outlook of macroalgal biorefineries were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Shanmugam Jayashree
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai 600086, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - S Aruna Sharmili
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai 600086, India
| | - Mayakkannan Gopal
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Academy of Maritime Education and Training [AMET] (Deemed to be University), Chennai 603112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvakumar Dharmaraj
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Academy of Maritime Education and Training [AMET] (Deemed to be University), Chennai 603112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Richa Kothari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, (Bagla) Samba, J&K 181143, India
| | - Isukapatla Manasa
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai 600086, India
| | - Jeong Hoon Park
- Sustainable Technology and Wellness R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, South Korea
| | | | - Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai
- Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Santiesteban-Romero B, Martínez-Ruiz M, Sosa-Hernández JE, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Microalgae Photo-Protectants and Related Bio-Carriers Loaded with Bioactive Entities for Skin Applications—An Insight of Microalgae Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080487. [PMID: 36005491 PMCID: PMC9409820 DOI: 10.3390/md20080487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms known for producing valuable metabolites under different conditions such as extreme temperatures, high salinity, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet radiation. In recent years, these metabolites have become a trend due to their versatility in applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and others. They have even been proposed as an alternative source of bioactive metabolites to avoid the harmful effects on the environment produced by active compounds such as oxybenzone in commercials sunscreens. One of the most studied applications is the use of microalgae for skin care and topical use as cosmeceuticals. With the increasing demand for more environmentally friendly products in cosmetics, microalgae have been further explored in relation to this application. It has been shown that some microalgae are resistant to UV rays due to certain compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids, sporopollenin, scytonemin, and others. These compounds have different mechanisms of action to mitigate UV damage induced. Still, they all have been proven to confer UV tolerance to microalgae with an absorbance spectrum like the one in conventional sunscreens. This review focuses on the use of these microalgae compounds obtained by UV stimulation and takes advantage of their natural UV-resistant characteristics to potentially apply them as an alternative for UV protection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Santiesteban-Romero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Manuel Martínez-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (H.M.N.I.)
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (H.M.N.I.)
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Rosic N. Genome Mining as an Alternative Way for Screening the Marine Organisms for Their Potential to Produce UV-Absorbing Mycosporine-like Amino Acid. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080478. [PMID: 35892946 PMCID: PMC9394291 DOI: 10.3390/md20080478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are small molecules with robust ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing capacities and a huge potential to be used as an environmentally friendly natural sunscreen. MAAs, temperature, and light-stable compounds demonstrate powerful photoprotective capacities and the ability to capture light in the UV-A and UV-B ranges without the production of damaging free radicals. The biotechnological uses of these secondary metabolites have been often limited by the small quantities restored from natural resources, variation in MAA expression profiles, and limited success in heterologous expression systems. Overcoming these obstacles requires a better understanding of MAA biosynthesis and its regulatory processes. MAAs are produced to a certain extent via a four-enzyme pathway, including genes encoding enzymes dehydroquinate synthase, enzyme O-methyltransferase, adenosine triphosphate grasp, and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase. However, there are substantial genetic discrepancies in the MAA genetic pathway in different species, suggesting further complexity of this pathway that is yet to be fully explored. In recent years, the application of genome-mining approaches allowed the identification of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that resulted in the discovery of many new compounds from unconventional sources. This review explores the use of novel genomics tools for linking BGCs and secondary metabolites based on the available omics data, including MAAs, and evaluates the potential of using novel genome-mining tools to reveal a cryptic potential for new bioproduct screening approaches and unrevealing new MAA producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedeljka Rosic
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, QLD 4225, Australia;
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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Hosseinabadi T, Gharib R, Salehian S, Tabarzad M. A Study on the Effect of Nitrate and Phosphate Concentrations on the Production of Mycosporine-Like Amino Acids by Chlorella Vulgaris. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e3194. [PMID: 36381286 PMCID: PMC9618020 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.313739.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyanobacteria can produce compounds absorbing ultraviolet irradiation. Mycosporine like amino acids (MAAs) are some of these important metabolites, which can be potentially considered as a sunscreen agent in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Different factors have been reported that can affect the biosynthesis of MAA. OBJECTIVE In this study, the influence of different concentrations of phosphate and nitrate under different environmental conditions on MAA production by Chlorella vulgaris was investigated using an experimental design method, in order to enhance MAAs production in this specious. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 23 full factorial design (FFD) using Design-Expert v7.0.0 software was used to optimize simultaneously all the three factors of nitrate and phosphate concentration and condition of incubation environment on the MAA production by this species of C. vulgaris. Two milliliter of organism stock were grown in 200 mL BG11 medium and after 21 days, the biomasses of all samples were separated. Then, the MAA was extracted from dried biomass using methanol extraction. The extracts were analyzed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). After complete analysis, four samples were then cultured at the optimized conditions and analyzed by liquid chromatohraphy coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS). RESULTS The results showed that this microalga could produce compounds with λmax of 330 nm and a retention time of about 2 min. According to the central composite analysis, phosphate at 0.51 g.L-1 and nitrate at 2.5 g.L-1 can be considered as the optimum concentrations, resulting to the preferable conditions concerning the culture in germinator. Based on LC/MSS analysis, the major compound had a m/z of 332 at the optimum condition. CONCLUSION Thus, this species is expected to have the capability of MAA production (maybe Shinorine) or one of its glycosylated derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Hosseinabadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Gharib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Salehian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Metabolic composition of the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum as a function of culture time: A 1H NMR metabolomics study. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Mogany T, Kumari S, Swalaha FM, Bux F. In silico analysis of enzymes involved in mycosporine-like amino acids biosynthesis in Euhalothece sp.: Structural and functional characterization. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Amino Acid-Coupled Bromophenols and a Sulfated Dimethylsulfonium Lanosol from the Red Alga Vertebrata lanosa. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070420. [PMID: 35877713 PMCID: PMC9322897 DOI: 10.3390/md20070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrata lanosa is a red alga that can commonly be found along the shores of Europe and North America. Its composition of bromophenols has been studied intensely. The aim of the current study was therefore to further investigate the phytochemistry of this alga, focusing more on the polar components. In total, 23 substances were isolated, including lanosol-4,7-disulfate (4) and the new compounds 3,5-dibromotyrosine (12), 3-bromo-5-sulfodihydroxyphenylalanine (13), 3-bromo-6-lanosyl dihydroxyphenylalanine (14), 3-(6′-lanosyl lanosyl) tyrosine (15) and 5-sulfovertebratol (16). In addition, 4-sulfo-7-dimethylsulfonium lanosol (7) was identified. While, in general, the dimethylsulfonium moiety is widespread in algae, its appearance in bromophenol is unique. Moreover, the major glycerogalactolipids, including the new ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)-eicosapentaenoic acid 3′-[(6′’-O-α-galactopyranosyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)]-1-glycerol ester (23), and mycosporine-like amino acids, porphyra-334 (17), aplysiapalythine A (18) and palythine (19), were identified.
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In Vivo and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Less Polar Fractions of Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 and the Chemical Composition of Fractions and Macroalga Volatilome. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060743. [PMID: 35745662 PMCID: PMC9229249 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research is a comprehensive investigation of Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser 1898 from the Adriatic Sea (Croatia) regarding volatilome-volatile organic compounds (VOCs, mostly nonpolar compounds) and less polar nonvolatile compounds for the first time. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD) were used showing the great volatilome variability among fresh (HS-FrDV and HD-FrDV) and dried (HS-DrDV and HD-DrDV) samples after GC-MS analysis. Aromatic aldehydes were dominant in both fresh and air-dried HS samples with benzaldehyde as the most abundant in fresh samples and decreasing 2.7-3.7 times after drying together with 2-phenylbut-2-enal that was not present after drying. Aliphatic compounds (unsaturated hydrocarbons in HS-FrDV; saturated hydrocarbons in HS-DrDV) were also present. C11-hydrocarbons (dictyopterpene C' and dictyopterpene D') were detected in HS-FrDV. (E)-Phytol was the most dominant compound in HD-FrDV and HD-DrDV. Diterpene alcohols (cembra-4,7,11,15-tetraen-3-ol and (Z)-falcarinol) and sesquiterpene alcohol, cubenol, were dominant in HD-FrDV, and their abundance decreased after drying. C13-norisoprenoides (α-ionone and β-ionone) increased after drying. Aliphatic compounds were present in both HD-FrDV and HD-DrDV samples. The less polar nonvolatile compounds in the obtained fractions F3 and F4 were analysed and identified by UHPLC-ESI(+)-HRMS. Identified compounds belonged to a group of pigments (7 compounds), fatty acid derivatives (13 compounds), as well as steroids and terpenes (10 compounds). Porphyrin-based compounds (C55H74N4O5-7), xanthophylls, sphingolipid compounds, fatty acid amides, and phytosterols represented the majority of identified compounds. By implementing both in vitro and in vivo assays for antioxidant activity determination, F3 showed a higher activity than F4. Inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for F3 and F4 were 498.00 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 798.00 ± 0.81 µg/mL, respectively, while a 1.5-fold reduction in the ROS level was observed after pre-treatment of zebrafish larvae with 45 µg/mL of F3.
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Amelia TSM, Suaberon FAC, Vad J, Fahmi ADM, Saludes JP, Bhubalan K. Recent Advances of Marine Sponge-Associated Microorganisms as a Source of Commercially Viable Natural Products. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:492-512. [PMID: 35567600 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many industrially significant compounds have been derived from natural products in the environment. Research efforts so far have contributed to the discovery of beneficial natural products that have improved the quality of life on Earth. As one of the sources of natural products, marine sponges have been progressively recognised as microbial hotspots with reports of the sponges harbouring diverse microbial assemblages, genetic material, and metabolites with multiple industrial applications. Therefore, this paper aims at reviewing the recent literature (primarily published between 2016 and 2022) on the types and functions of natural products synthesised by sponge-associated microorganisms, thereby helping to bridge the gap between research and industrial applications. The metabolites that have been derived from sponge-associated microorganisms, mostly bacteria, fungi, and algae, have shown application prospects especially in medicine, cosmeceutical, environmental protection, and manufacturing industries. Sponge bacteria-derived natural products with medical properties harboured anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral functions. Efforts in re-identifying the origin of known and future sponge-sourced natural products would further clarify the roles and significance of microbes within marine sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Suet May Amelia
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ferr Angelus C Suaberon
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery & Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, 5000, Iloilo City, Philippines
| | - Johanne Vad
- Changing Oceans Research Group, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Afiq Durrani Mohd Fahmi
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Eco-Innovation Research Interest Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jonel P Saludes
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery & Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, 5000, Iloilo City, Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Agustin, 5000, Iloilo City, Philippines
- Department of Science and Technology, Balik Scientist Program, Philippine Council for Health Research & Development (PCHRD), Bicutan, 1631, Taguig, Philippines
| | - Kesaven Bhubalan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Eco-Innovation Research Interest Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Beyond Photoprotection: The Multifarious Roles of Flavonoids in Plant Terrestrialization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095284. [PMID: 35563675 PMCID: PMC9101737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants evolved an impressive arsenal of multifunctional specialized metabolites to cope with the novel environmental pressures imposed by the terrestrial habitat when moving from water. Here we examine the multifarious roles of flavonoids in plant terrestrialization. We reason on the environmental drivers, other than the increase in UV-B radiation, that were mostly responsible for the rise of flavonoid metabolism and how flavonoids helped plants in land conquest. We are reasonably based on a nutrient-deficiency hypothesis for the replacement of mycosporine-like amino acids, typical of streptophytic algae, with the flavonoid metabolism during the water-to-land transition. We suggest that flavonoids modulated auxin transport and signaling and promoted the symbiosis between plants and fungi (e.g., arbuscular mycorrhizal, AM), a central event for the conquest of land by plants. AM improved the ability of early plants to take up nutrients and water from highly impoverished soils. We offer evidence that flavonoids equipped early land plants with highly versatile “defense compounds”, essential for the new set of abiotic and biotic stressors imposed by the terrestrial environment. We conclude that flavonoids have been multifunctional since the appearance of plants on land, not only acting as UV filters but especially improving both nutrient acquisition and biotic stress defense.
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Eco-evolutionary impact of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure on microorganisms, with a special focus on our skin microbiome. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kochhar N, I․K K, Shrivastava S, Ghosh A, Rawat VS, Sodhi KK, Kumar M. Perspectives on the microorganism of extreme environments and their applications. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100134. [PMID: 35909612 PMCID: PMC9325743 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of extremophiles in various fields like biotechnology, biodegradation, bioremediation, biorefinery and astrobiology along with other industries like pharmaceuticals, food, agricultural, cosmetics, and textile. Further research in biodegradation, bioremediation and generation of biofuels using extremophiles is required considering the current climate crisis as it helps in reduction of environmental contamination load. The importance of promoting the use of extremophiles in food and agricultural industries and how extremophiles can be the key to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal of global food security. Keeping in mind the current global scenario with regards to the Covid-19 pandemic, our paper also focuses on the importance of by-products of extremophiles like biosurfactants in the vaccine production process. For advancement of the astrobiology sector, more PFA sites should be located and the extremophiles inhabiting them should be studied.
Extremophiles are organisms that can survive and thrive in conditions termed as “extreme” by human beings. Conventional methods cannot be applied under extreme conditions like temperature and pH fluctuations, high salinity, etc. for a variety of reasons. Extremophiles can function and are adapted to thrive in these environments and are sustainable, cheaper, and efficient, therefore, they serve as better alternatives to the traditional methods. They adapt to these environments with biochemical and physiological changes and produce products like extremolytes, extremozymes, biosurfactants, etc., which are found to be useful in a wide range of industries like sustainable agriculture, food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. These products also play a crucial role in bioremediation, production of biofuels, biorefinery, and astrobiology. This review paper comprehensively lists out the current applications of extremophiles and their products in various industries and explores the prospects of the same. They help us understand the underlying basis of biological mechanisms exploring the boundaries of life and thus help us understand the origin and evolution of life on Earth. This helps us in the research for extra-terrestrial life and space exploration. The structure and biochemical properties of extremophiles along with any possible long-term effects of their applications need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Kochhar
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Kavya I․K
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | | | - Anshika Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | | | - Kushneet Kaur Sodhi
- Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
- Corresponding author.
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Kim BK, Park MO, Min JO, Kang SH, Shin KH, Yang EJ, Ha SY. The Interplay of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids between Phytoplankton Groups and Northern Krill (Thysanoessa sp.) in a High-Latitude Fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard). Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040238. [PMID: 35447908 PMCID: PMC9028281 DOI: 10.3390/md20040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated pigment and mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) concentrations of phytoplankton and Northern krill (Thysanoessa sp.) in sub-Arctic Kongsfjorden. Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations in the surface and middle-layer water were 0.44 μg L−1 (±0.17 μg L−1) and 0.63 μg L−1 (±0.25 μg L−1), respectively. Alloxanthin (Allo, a marker of cryptophytes) was observed at all stations, and its mean values for surface and middle-layer water were 0.09 μg L−1 (±0.05 μg L−1) and 0.05 (±0.02 μg L−1), respectively. The mean MAA-to-Chl-a ratios at the surface (3.31 ± 2.58 μg (μg Chl-a)−1) were significantly higher than those in the middle-layer water (0.88 ± 0.49 μg (μg Chl-a)−1), suggesting that these compounds play an important role in reducing UV photodamage. In gut pigment levels of Northern krill, the most abundant accessory pigment was Allo (2.79 ± 0.33 μg g−1 dry weight; d.w.), as was the accumulation of Chl-a (8.29 ± 1.13 μg g−1 d.w.). The average concentration of MAAs was 1.87 mg g−1 d.w. (±0.88 mg g−1 d.w.) in krill eyes, which was higher than that in all other body parts (0.99 ± 0.41 mg g−1 d.w.), except for the gut. Thysanoessa sp. was found to contain five identified MAAs (shinorine, palythine, porphyra-334, mycosporine-glycine, and M-332) in the krill eye, whereas shinorine and porphyra-334 were only observed in the krill body, not the eyes and gut. These findings suggest that Northern krill accumulate MAAs of various compositions through the diet (mainly cryptophytes) and translocate them among their body parts as an adaptation for photoprotection and physiological demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kyung Kim
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (B.K.K.); (J.-O.M.); (S.-H.K.); (E.J.Y.)
| | - Mi-Ok Park
- Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Jun-Oh Min
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (B.K.K.); (J.-O.M.); (S.-H.K.); (E.J.Y.)
| | - Sung-Ho Kang
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (B.K.K.); (J.-O.M.); (S.-H.K.); (E.J.Y.)
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea;
| | - Eun Jin Yang
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (B.K.K.); (J.-O.M.); (S.-H.K.); (E.J.Y.)
| | - Sun-Yong Ha
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (B.K.K.); (J.-O.M.); (S.-H.K.); (E.J.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-760-5341
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