1
|
Hu C, Zhang Y, Pang X, Chen X. Poly(Lactic Acid): Recent Stereochemical Advances and New Materials Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2412185. [PMID: 39552002 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202412185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a representative biobased and biodegradable aliphatic polyester and a front-runner among sustainable materials. As a semicrystalline thermoplastic, PLA exhibits excellent mechanical and physical properties, attracting considerable attention in commodity and medical fields. Stereochemistry is a key factor affecting PLA's properties, and to this end, the engineering of PLA's microstructure for tailored material properties has been an active area of research over the decade. This Review first covers the basic structural variety of PLA. A perspective on the current states of stereocontrolled synthesis as well as the relationships between the structures and properties of PLA stereosequences are included, with an emphasis on record regularity and properties. At last, state-of-the-art examples of high-performance PLA-based materials within an array of applications are given, including packaging, fibers, and textiles, healthcare and electronic devices. Among various stereo-regular sequences of PLA, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is the most prominent category and has myriad unique properties and applications. In this regard, cutting-edge applications of PLLA are mainly overviewed in this review. At the same time, new materials developed based on other PLA stereosequences are highlighted, which holds the potential to a wide variety of PLA-based sustainable materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mena-Prado I, Navas-Ortiz E, Fernández-García M, Blázquez-Blázquez E, Limbo S, Rollini M, Martins DM, Bonilla AM, Del Campo A. Enhancing functional properties of compostable materials with biobased plasticizers for potential food packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135538. [PMID: 39306182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The demand of non-toxic and biobased plasticizers is substantially growing, particularly in biodegradable thermoplastics-based packaging applications. Herein, a derivative of citric acid (CITREM-LR10), usually used as food additive, was evaluated for the first time as plasticizer in PLA and Ecovio® biopolymers. Films containing 10 %(w/w) of CITREM-LR10 were prepared and compared with films plasticized with another biobased compound, SOFT-NSAFE, derived from acetic acid. The incorporation of both plasticizers provokes a slight reduction of the glass transition, however, only CITREM-LR10 was able to augment the elongation at break value of PLA films. A further evaluation of the films by Raman confocal microscopy showed the segregation of the CITREM-LR10 in microdomains, which could explain the enhanced elongation at break value, behaving as stress concentrators. In addition, CITREM-LR10 provides antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and both plasticizers give antioxidant properties, and almost negligible diffusion in food simulated solution. Composting studies showed that the plasticizers do not have effect on the disintegration rate of the films. In spite of these outstanding properties, the water vapour and oxygen barrier properties of the films worsen with its incorporation, therefore, the inclusion of fillers in the material together with the plasticizers would be necessary to improve such properties for food packaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Mena-Prado
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Navas-Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Limbo
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Rollini
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Maria Martins
- DeFENS, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alexandra Muñoz Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adolfo Del Campo
- Institute of Cerámica y Vidrio, ICV-CSIC, C/Kelsen 5, 28049, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sigalas NI, van Kraaij SAT, Venetsanos F, Anogiannakis SD, Theodorou DN, Lyulin AV. Measuring Oxygen Solubility in Amorphous and Semicrystalline Polyolefins Using Test Particle Insertion: A Comparative Study of Polyethylene and Isotactic Polypropylene. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:9284-9296. [PMID: 39290092 PMCID: PMC11440608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c05106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The test particle insertion method is used to study the solubility of oxygen in two commonly used polymers: polyethylene (PE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP). Amorphous samples for both polymers were prepared by means of Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations, and the oxygen solubility was measured across different temperatures. The solubility-temperature dependence for iPP proved to be nonmonotonic due to the interplay between binding and reorganizational enthalpy, while for PE, it appeared to be monotonic based on the available data in the studied temperature range. A broad comparison to experiments and simulations is included. Further oxygen insertions were also performed in semicrystalline PE and iPP samples at ambient temperature, and the obtained values were compared to a linear relationship which correlates the solubility in the purely amorphous phase with the solubility in the crystalline phase. The solubility of PE closely follows the linear relationship, while iPP exhibits some divergence. All the semicrystalline samples were previously annealed at elevated temperatures for long periods (a few μs), and a strong effect of annealing was observed on the structure and the solubility of iPP. A well-developed iPP lamellar structure emerged at longer annealing times, while PE develops that structure already in the early crystallization stages. The solubility of semicrystalline iPP samples with lamellar morphology exhibited better agreement with extrapolated solubility values of the amorphous state─the extrapolation was made using a linear relationship connecting solubility in the purely amorphous phase and solubility in mixed phases (amorphous and crystalline). Results on the correlation of the solubility with the local structural ordering are also present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos I Sigalas
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stan A T van Kraaij
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fotis Venetsanos
- Computational Materials Science and Engineering Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos D Anogiannakis
- Computational Materials Science and Engineering Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Doros N Theodorou
- Computational Materials Science and Engineering Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), GR-15780 Athens, Greece
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexey V Lyulin
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center for Computational Energy Research (CCER), P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alibekov RS, Urazbayeva KU, Azimov AM, Rozman AS, Hashim N, Maringgal B. Advances in Biodegradable Food Packaging Using Wheat-Based Materials: Fabrications and Innovations, Applications, Potentials, and Challenges. Foods 2024; 13:2964. [PMID: 39335892 PMCID: PMC11431393 DOI: 10.3390/foods13182964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the advancements in biodegradable food packaging materials derived from wheat. Wheat, a predominant global cereal crop, offers a sustainable alternative to conventional single-use plastics through its starch, gluten, and fiber components. This study highlights the fabrication processes of wheat-based materials, including solvent casting and extrusion, and their applications in enhancing the shelf life and quality of packaged foods. Recent innovations demonstrate effectiveness in maintaining food quality, controlling moisture content, and providing microbiological protection. Despite the promising potential, challenges such as moisture content and interfacial adhesion in composites remain. This review concludes with an emphasis on the environmental benefits and future trends in wheat-based packaging materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravshanbek S Alibekov
- Food Biotechnology Scientific-Research Laboratory, M. Auezov' South-Kazakhstan University, Tauke Khan Avenie, 5, Shymkent 160000, Kazakhstan
| | - Klara U Urazbayeva
- Food Biotechnology Scientific-Research Laboratory, M. Auezov' South-Kazakhstan University, Tauke Khan Avenie, 5, Shymkent 160000, Kazakhstan
| | - Abdugani M Azimov
- Food Biotechnology Scientific-Research Laboratory, M. Auezov' South-Kazakhstan University, Tauke Khan Avenie, 5, Shymkent 160000, Kazakhstan
| | - Azri Shahir Rozman
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhashila Hashim
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- SMART Farming Technology Research Centre (SFTRC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bernard Maringgal
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Andrzejewski J, Das S, Lipik V, Mohanty AK, Misra M, You X, Tan LP, Chang BP. The Development of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-Based Blends and Modification Strategies: Methods of Improving Key Properties towards Technical Applications-Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4556. [PMID: 39336298 PMCID: PMC11433319 DOI: 10.3390/ma17184556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) from packaging to engineering applications seems to follow the current global trend. The development of high-performance PLA-based blends has led to the commercial introduction of various PLA-based resins with excellent thermomechanical properties. The reason for this is the progress in the field of major PLA limitations such as low thermal resistance and poor impact strength. The main purpose of using biobased polymers in polymer blends is to increase the share of renewable raw materials in the final product rather than its possible biodegradation. However, in the case of engineering applications, the focus is on achieving the required properties rather than maximizing the percentage of biopolymer. The presented review article discusses the current strategies to optimize the balance of the key features such as stiffness, toughness, and heat resistance of PLA-based blends. Improving of these properties requires molecular structural changes, which together with morphology, crystallinity, and the influence of the processing conditions are the main subjects of this article. The latest research in this field clearly indicates the high potential of using PLA-based materials in highly demanding applications. In the case of impact strength modification, it is possible to obtain values close to 800 J/m, which is a value comparable to polycarbonate. Significant improvement can also be confirmed for thermal resistance results, where heat deflection temperatures for selected types of PLA blends can reach even 130 °C after modification. The modification strategies discussed in this article confirm that a properly conducted process of selecting the blend components and the conditions of the processing technique allows for revealing the potential of PLA as an engineering plastic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Andrzejewski
- Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3 Str., 61-138 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Subhasis Das
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (S.D.); (V.L.)
| | - Vitali Lipik
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (S.D.); (V.L.)
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.K.M.); (M.M.)
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.K.M.); (M.M.)
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xiangyu You
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China;
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (S.D.); (V.L.)
| | - Boon Peng Chang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; (S.D.); (V.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liparoti S, Pantani R. Opacification Kinetics of PLA during Liquid Water Sorption. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2621. [PMID: 39339085 PMCID: PMC11435793 DOI: 10.3390/polym16182621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
When in contact with water, poly(lactic acid), PLA, undergoes several physical changes. A very evident one is opacification, namely the change from the typical transparent appearance to a white opaque color. This phenomenon is particularly significant for many applications, including packaging, since opacity hinders the possibility of a clear look of the packed goods and also worsens the consumers' perceptions. In this work, we report an analysis of the time evolution of the phenomenon in different conditions of temperature and water concentration. The results allow us to define a time-scale of the phenomenon and to put it in relationship with the temperature and water content inside the material. In particular, opacification proceeds from the outer surface of the specimens toward the center. Both craze formation due to hydrolysis and crystallization contribute to the opacification phenomenon. Opacification becomes faster as temperature increases, whereas the increase in the solution density has the opposite effect. A model for describing the evolution of opacification was proposed and found to be consistent with the experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fajdek-Bieda A, Wróblewska A. The Use of Natural Minerals as Reinforcements in Mineral-Reinforced Polymers: A Review of Current Developments and Prospects. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2505. [PMID: 39274137 PMCID: PMC11397969 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural minerals play a key role in the burgeoning field of mineral-reinforced polymers, providing an important element in strengthening and toughening the properties of composite materials. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the use of minerals in mineral-reinforced polymers, covering various aspects of their applications and impact on the final properties of these materials. The potential of various types of natural minerals (for example talc, montmorillonite, halloysite, diatomite) as reinforcements in mineral-reinforced polymers is discussed. Techniques for producing mineral-reinforced polymers using minerals, including the mixing method, impregnation, and coating application, are presented in detail. In addition, the effects of process parameters and component ratios on the final properties of mineral-reinforced polymers are discussed. The latest research on the use of minerals in mineral-reinforced polymers is also presented, including their effects on the strength, stiffness, resistance to environmental conditions, and biodegradation of the materials. Finally, the development prospects and potential applications of mineral-reinforced polymers with minerals in various industrial sectors, including packaging, automotive, construction, and medicine, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fajdek-Bieda
- Technical Department, Jakub's from Paradyż Academy in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Chopina 52, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wróblewska
- Department of Catalytic and Sorbent Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zha H, Han S, Tang R, Cao D, Chang K, Li L. Polylactic acid micro/nanoplastic-induced hepatotoxicity: Investigating food and air sources via multi-omics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 21:100428. [PMID: 38800715 PMCID: PMC11127520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) are detected in human liver, and pose significant risks to human health. Oral exposure to MNPs derived from non-biodegradable plastics can induce toxicity in mouse liver. Similarly, nasal exposure to non-biodegradable plastics can cause airway dysbiosis in mice. However, the hepatotoxicity induced by foodborne and airborne biodegradable MNPs remains poorly understood. Here we show the hepatotoxic effects of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) MNPs through multi-omics analysis of various biological samples from mice, including gut, fecal, nasal, lung, liver, and blood samples. Our results show that both foodborne and airborne PLA MNPs compromise liver function, disrupt serum antioxidant activity, and cause liver pathology. Specifically, foodborne MNPs lead to gut microbial dysbiosis, metabolic alterations in the gut and serum, and liver transcriptomic changes. Airborne MNPs affect nasal and lung microbiota, alter lung and serum metabolites, and disrupt liver transcriptomics. The gut Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group is a potential biomarker for foodborne PLA MNP exposure, while nasal unclassified_Muribaculaceae and lung Klebsiella are potential biomarkers for airborne PLA MNP exposure. The relevant results suggest that foodborne PLA MNPs could affect the "gut microbiota-gut-liver" axis and induce hepatoxicity, while airborne PLA MNPs could disrupt the "airway microbiota-lung-liver" axis and cause hepatoxicity. These findings have implications for diagnosing PLA MNPs-induced hepatotoxicity and managing biodegradable materials in the environment. Our current study could be a starting point for biodegradable MNPs-induced hepatotoxicity. More research is needed to verify and inhibit the pathways that are crucial to MNPs-induced hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zha
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kevin Chang
- Department of Statistics, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Al-Hammadi M, Güngörmüşler M. New insights into Chlorella vulgaris applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1486-1502. [PMID: 38343183 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a big challenge that has been faced by humans in contemporary life. In this context, fossil fuel, cement production, and plastic waste pose a direct threat to the environment and biodiversity. One of the prominent solutions is the use of renewable sources, and different organisms to valorize wastes into green energy and bioplastics such as polylactic acid. Chlorella vulgaris, a microalgae, is a promising candidate to resolve these issues due to its ease of cultivation, fast growth, carbon dioxide uptake, and oxygen production during its growth on wastewater along with biofuels, and other productions. Thus, in this article, we focused on the potential of Chlorella vulgaris to be used in wastewater treatment, biohydrogen, biocement, biopolymer, food additives, and preservation, biodiesel which is seen to be the most promising for industrial scale, and related biorefineries with the most recent applications with a brief review of Chlorella and polylactic acid market size to realize the technical/nontechnical reasons behind the cost and obstacles that hinder the industrial production for the mentioned applications. We believe that our findings are important for those who are interested in scientific/financial research about microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Hammadi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Mine Güngörmüşler
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Izmir, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aguirresarobe R, Calafel I, Villanueva S, Sanchez A, Agirre A, Sukia I, Esnaola A, Saralegi A. Development of Flame-Retardant Polylactic Acid Formulations for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1030. [PMID: 38674951 PMCID: PMC11053787 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials, renowned for their lightweight attributes and design adaptability, play a pivotal role in augmenting fuel efficiency and cost-effectiveness in railway vehicle development. The tailored formulation of compounds, specifically designed for additive manufacturing, holds significant promise in expanding the use of these materials. This study centers on poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a natural-based biodegradable polymeric material incorporating diverse halogen-free flame retardants (FRs). Our investigation scrutinizes the printability and fire performance of these formulations, aligning with the European railway standard EN 45545-2. The findings underscore that FR in the condensed phase, including ammonium polyphosphate (APP), expandable graphite (EG), and intumescent systems, exhibit superior fire performance. Notably, FR-inducing hydrolytic degradation, such as aluminum hydroxide (ATH) or EG, reduces polymer molecular weight, significantly impacting PLA's mechanical performance. Achieving a delicate balance between fire resistance and mechanical properties, formulations with APP as the flame retardant emerge as optimal. This research contributes to understanding the fire performance and printability of 3D-printed PLA compounds, offering vital insights for the rail industry's adoption of polymeric materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Aguirresarobe
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (R.A.); (I.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Itxaso Calafel
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (R.A.); (I.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Sara Villanueva
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Alberto Sanchez
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Amaia Agirre
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (R.A.); (I.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Itxaro Sukia
- Department of Mechanics and Industrial Production, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain; (I.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Aritz Esnaola
- Department of Mechanics and Industrial Production, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, 20500 Arrasate-Mondragon, Spain; (I.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Ainara Saralegi
- Group ‘Materials + Technologies’, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li W, Cao J, Fu L, Liu F, Huang Y, He Y, Jiang L, Dan Y. Effect of stereo-complexation on crystallization behavior and barrier properties of poly-lactide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129834. [PMID: 38302029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The unique stere-complex crystal formed by poly(ʟ-lactide)/poly(ᴅ-lactide) (PLLA/PDLA) has a significant impact on properties of poly-lactide materials and is considered an effective means to improve the barrier properties of poly-lactide (PLA). In this work, poly-lactide films with different aggregate structures were prepared and the relationship of aggregate structure and barrier properties were explored. The results show that the crystal structure including crystallinity and crystal forms can be controlled by adjusting the isothermal crystallization time and crystallization temperature during the molding process. PLLA/PDLA composite films contain both homochiral crystallites and stereo-complex crystallites, and there is a synergistic crystallization effect between the two of them, which provides the composite films with high crystallinity and excellent barrier properties. Compared to the PLLA with homochiral crystallites, the PLLA/PDLA composite film with only stereo-complex crystallites exhibits higher barrier properties. The linear correlation between the crystallinity and the barrier properties is weak due to the changes in crystallization behavior and then the structure of poly-lactide caused by stereo-complexation. The linear correlation between the crystallinity and the barrier properties of the blend film is strong in the low crystallinity but weak at high crystallinity. Compared to homochiral crystallites, stereo-complex crystallites exhibits lower crystallinity dependence. It has been proven that different crystal forms have different design ideas for preparing high-barrier films, but the stereo-complexation resulting from the intermolecular forces between PLLA and PDLA having complementary chemical structure, is an effective method for enhancing the barrier performances of poly-lactide sustainably.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jilong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yi Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bandzerewicz A, Wierzchowski K, Mierzejewska J, Denis P, Gołofit T, Szymczyk-Ziółkowska P, Pilarek M, Gadomska-Gajadhur A. Biological Activity of Poly(1,3-propanediol citrate) Films and Nonwovens: Mechanical, Thermal, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxicity Studies. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300452. [PMID: 37838916 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are of great interest for medical and cosmeceutical applications. The current trend is to combine materials of natural and synthetic origin in order to obtain products with appropriate mechanical strength and good biocompatibility, additionally biodegradable and bioresorbable. Citric acid, being an important metabolite, is an interesting substance for the synthesis of materials for biomedical applications. Due to the high functionality of the molecule, it is commonly used in biomaterials chemistry as a crosslinking agent. Among citric acid-based biopolyesters, poly(1,8-octanediol citrate) is the best known. It shows application potential in soft tissue engineering. This work focuses on a much less studied polyester, poly(1,3-propanediol citrate). Porous and non-porous materials based on the synthesized polyesters are prepared and characterized, including mechanical, thermal, and surface properties, morphology, and degradation. The main focus is on assessing the biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties of the materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bandzerewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland
| | - Kamil Wierzchowski
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1 Street, Warsaw, 00-645, Poland
| | - Jolanta Mierzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland
| | - Piotr Denis
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B Street, Warsaw, 02-106, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gołofit
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 3 Noakowskiego Street, Warsaw, 00-664, Poland
| | - Patrycja Szymczyk-Ziółkowska
- Centre for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies-Fraunhofer Project Center, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Lukasiewicza 5, Wroclaw, 50-371, Poland
| | - Maciej Pilarek
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Waryńskiego 1 Street, Warsaw, 00-645, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mena-Prado I, Reinosa JJ, Fernández-García M, Fernández JF, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Del Campo A. Evaluation of poly(lactic acid) and ECOVIO based biocomposites loaded with antimicrobial sodium phosphate microparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127488. [PMID: 37852395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, biobased composite materials based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) as matrices, sodium hexametaphosphate microparticles (E452i, food additive microparticles, 1 and 5 wt%) as antimicrobial filler and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC, 15 wt%) as plasticizer, were developed for potential food packaging applications. Two set of composite films were obtained by melt-extrusion and compression molding, i) based on PLA matrix and ii) based on Ecovio® matrix (PLA/PBAT blend). Thermal characterization by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the incorporation of E452i particles improved thermal stability and crystallinity, while the mechanical test showed an increase in the Young's modulus. E452i particles also provide antimicrobial properties to the films against food-borne bacteria Listeria innocua and Staphylococcus aureus, with bacterial reduction percentages higher than 50 % in films with 5 wt% of particles. The films also preserved their disintegradability as demonstrated by an exhaustive characterization of the films under industrial composting conditions. Therefore, the results obtained in this work reveal the potential of these biocomposites as appropriated materials for antibacterial and compostable food packaging films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Mena-Prado
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Reinosa
- Encapsulae S.L., C/ Lituania, 10, nave 2, 12006 Castellón, Spain
| | - M Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J F Fernández
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV-CSIC), C/ Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Del Campo
- Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio (ICV-CSIC), C/ Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cruz RMS, Albertos I, Romero J, Agriopoulou S, Varzakas T. Innovations in Food Packaging for a Sustainable and Circular Economy. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 108:135-177. [PMID: 38460998 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Packaging is fundamental to maintaining the quality of food, but its contribution with a negative footprint to the environment must be completely changed worldwide to reduce pollution and climate change. Innovative and sustainable packaging and new strategies of reutilization are necessary to reduce plastic waste accumulation, maintain food quality and safety, and reduce food losses and waste. The purpose of this chapter is to present innovations in food packaging for a sustainable and circular economy. First, to present the eco-design packaging approach as well as new strategies for recycled or recyclable materials in food packaging. Second, to show current trends in new packaging materials developed from the use of agro-industrial wastes as well as new methods of production, including 3D/4D printing, electrostatic spinning, and the use of nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui M S Cruz
- Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Universidade do Algarve, Campus da Penha, Faro, Portugal; MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Irene Albertos
- Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Janira Romero
- Faculty of Sciences and Art, Universidad Católica de Ávila (UCAV), Calle Canteros s/n, Ávila, Spain
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Al-Tamimi AA, Pandžić A, Kadrić E. Investigation and Prediction of Tensile, Flexural, and Compressive Properties of Tough PLA Material Using Definitive Screening Design. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4169. [PMID: 37896413 PMCID: PMC10610866 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The material extrusion fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique has become a widely used technique that enables the production of complex parts for various applications. To overcome limitations of PLA material such as low impact toughness, commercially available materials such as UltiMaker Tough PLA were produced to improve the parent PLA material that can be widely applied in many engineering applications. In this study, 3D-printed parts (test specimens) considering six different printing parameters (i.e., layer height, wall thickness, infill density, build plate temperature, printing speed, and printing temperature) are experimentally investigated to understand their impact on the mechanical properties of Tough PLA material. Three different standardized tests of tensile, flexural, and compressive properties were conducted to determine the maximum force and Young's modulus. These six properties were used as responses in a design of experiment, definitive screening design (DSD), to build six regression models. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to evaluate the effects of each of the six printing parameters on Tough PLA mechanical properties. It is shown that all regression models are statistically significant (p<0.05) with high values of adjusted and predicted R2. Conducted confirmation tests resulted in low relative errors between experimental and predicted data, indicating that the developed models are adequately accurate and reliable for the prediction of tensile, flexural, and compressive properties of Tough PLA material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulsalam A. Al-Tamimi
- Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adi Pandžić
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Edin Kadrić
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (A.P.); (E.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nasution H, Harahap H, Julianti E, Safitri A, Jaafar M. Smart Packaging Based on Polylactic Acid: The Effects of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agents from Natural Extracts on Physical-Mechanical Properties, Colony Reduction, Perishable Food Shelf Life, and Future Prospective. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4103. [PMID: 37896347 PMCID: PMC10611019 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in consumer lifestyles have raised awareness of a variety of food options and packaging technologies. Active and smart packaging is an innovative technology that serves to enhance the safety and quality of food products like fruit, vegetables, fish, and meat. Smart packaging, as a subset of this technology, entails the integration of additives into packaging materials, thereby facilitating the preservation or extension of product quality and shelf life. This technological approach stimulates a heightened demand for safer food products with a prolonged shelf life. Active packaging predominantly relies on the utilization of natural active substances. Therefore, the combination of active substances has a significant impact on the characteristics of active packaging, particularly on polymeric blends like polylactic acid (PLA) as a matrix. Therefore, this review will summarize how the addition of natural active agents influences the performance of smart packaging through systematic analysis, providing new insights into the types of active agents on physical-mechanical properties, colony reduction, and its application in foods. Through their integration, the market for active and smart packaging systems is expected to have a bright future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halimatuddahliana Nasution
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Kec. Medan Baru, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia; (H.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Hamidah Harahap
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Kec. Medan Baru, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia; (H.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Elisa Julianti
- Department of Food and Science Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Kec. Medan Baru, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia;
| | - Aida Safitri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Kec. Medan Baru, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia; (H.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Mariatti Jaafar
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barbato A, Apicella A, Malvano F, Scarfato P, Incarnato L. High-Barrier, Biodegradable Films with Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polylactic Acid + Wax Double Coatings: Influence of Relative Humidity on Transport Properties and Suitability for Modified Atmosphere Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4002. [PMID: 37836051 PMCID: PMC10575146 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) exhibits outstanding gas-barrier properties, which favor its use as a biodegradable, high-barrier coating on food-packaging films, possibly in combination with modified atmospheres. Nonetheless, its high sensitivity to water can result in a severe loss of barrier properties, significantly limiting its applications with fresh foods and in high-humidity conditions. In this work, the water vapor (PWV) and oxygen permeability (PO2) of high-barrier biodegradable films with PVOH/PLA + wax double coatings were extensively characterized in a wide range of relative humidity (from 30 to 90%), aimed at understanding the extent of the interaction of water with the wax and the polymer matrices and the impact of this on the permeation process. What is more, a mathematical model was applied to the PWV data set in order to assess its potential to predict the permeability of the multilayer films by varying storage/working relative humidity (RH) conditions. The carbon dioxide permeability (PCO2) of the films was further evaluated, and the corresponding permselectivity values were calculated. The study was finally augmented through modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) tests, which were carried out on double-coated films loaded with 0 and 5% wax, and UV-Vis analyses. The results pointed out the efficacy of the PLA + wax coating layer in hampering the permeation of water molecules, thus reducing PVOH swelling, as well as the UV-shielding ability of the multilayer structures. Moreover, the MAP tests underlined the suitability of the double-coated films for being used as a sustainable alternative for the preservation of foods under modified atmospheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Annalisa Apicella
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.B.); (F.M.); (P.S.); (L.I.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Siddiqui SA, Sundarsingh A, Bahmid NA, Nirmal N, Denayer JFM, Karimi K. A critical review on biodegradable food packaging for meat: Materials, sustainability, regulations, and perspectives in the EU. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4147-4185. [PMID: 37350102 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of biodegradable packaging is a challenge, as conventional plastics have many advantages in terms of high flexibility, transparency, low cost, strong mechanical characteristics, and high resistance to heat compared with most biodegradable plastics. The quality of biodegradable materials and the research needed for their improvement for meat packaging were critically evaluated in this study. In terms of sustainability, biodegradable packagings are more sustainable than conventional plastics; however, most of them contain unsustainable chemical additives. Cellulose showed a high potential for meat preservation due to high moisture control. Polyhydroxyalkanoates and polylactic acid (PLA) are renewable materials that have been recently introduced to the market, but their application in meat products is still limited. To be classified as an edible film, the mechanical properties and acceptable control over gas and moisture exchange need to be improved. PLA and cellulose-based films possess the advantage of protection against oxygen and water permeation; however, the addition of functional substances plays an important role in their effects on the foods. Furthermore, the use of packaging materials is increasing due to consumer demand for natural high-quality food packaging that serves functions such as extended shelf-life and contamination protection. To support the importance moving toward biodegradable packaging for meat, this review presented novel perspectives regarding ecological impacts, commercial status, and consumer perspectives. Those aspects are then evaluated with the specific consideration of regulations and perspective in the European Union (EU) for employing renewable and ecological meat packaging materials. This review also helps to highlight the situation regarding biodegradable food packaging for meat in the EU specifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Department for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | | | - Nur Alim Bahmid
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nilesh Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Joeri F M Denayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keikhosro Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Siracusa V, Lotti N, Soccio M, Iordanskii AL. "Polymers from Renewable Resources": Key Findings from This Topic Special Issue. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3300. [PMID: 37571195 PMCID: PMC10422323 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has estimated that about one-third of the food produced for human consumption is currently lost or wasted, resulted in an estimated approximately USD 750 billion of direct costs for food producers every year [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Nadia Lotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering of the University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering of the University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy; (N.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey L. Iordanskii
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vidakis N, Petousis M, Moutsopoulou A, Papadakis V, Spiridaki M, Mountakis N, Charou C, Tsikritzis D, Maravelakis E. Nanocomposites with Optimized Polytetrafluoroethylene Content as a Reinforcement Agent in PA12 and PLA for Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2786. [PMID: 37447432 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is evaluated as a reinforcement agent in material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM), aiming to develop nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical performance. Loadings up to 4.0 wt.% were introduced as fillers of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyamide 12 (PA12) matrices. Filaments for MEX AM were prepared to produce corresponding 3D-printed samples. For the thorough characterization of the nanocomposites, a series of standardized mechanical tests were followed, along with AFM, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, EDS, and SEM analyses. The results showed an improved mechanical response for filler concentrations between 2.0 and 3.0 wt.%. The enhancement for the PLA/PTFE 2.0 wt.% in the tensile strength reached 21.1% and the modulus of elasticity 25.5%; for the PA12/PTFE 3.0 wt.%, 34.1%, and 41.7%, respectively. For PLA/PTFE 2.0 wt.%, the enhancement in the flexural strength reached 57.6% and the modulus of elasticity 25.5%; for the PA12/PTFE 3.0 wt.%, 14.7%, and 17.2%, respectively. This research enables the ability to deploy PTFE as a reinforcement agent in the PA12 and PLA thermoplastic engineering polymers in the MEX AM process, expanding the potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nectarios Vidakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Markos Petousis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Amalia Moutsopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100m, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Mariza Spiridaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chrysa Charou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsikritzis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Maravelakis
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 73133 Chania, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gabrić D, Kurek M, Ščetar M, Brnčić M, Galić K. Characterization of Synthetic Polymer Coated with Biopolymer Layer with Natural Orange Peel Extract Aimed for Food Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112569. [PMID: 37299367 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This research was aimed to make biolayer coatings enriched with orange peel essential oil (OPEO) on synthetic laminate, oriented poly(ethylene-terephthalate)/polypropylene (PET-O/PP). Coating materials were taken from biobased and renewable waste sources, and the developed formulation was targeted for food packaging. The developed materials were characterized for their barrier (O2, CO2, and water vapour), optical (colour, opacity), surface (inventory of peaks by FTIR), and antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the overall migration from a base layer (PET-O/PP) in an acetic acid (3% HAc) and ethanol aqueous solution (20% EtOH) were measured. The antimicrobial activity of chitosan (Chi)-coated films was assessed against Escherichia coli. Permeation of the uncoated samples (base layer, PET-O/PP) increased with the temperature increase (from 20 °C to 40 °C and 60 °C). Films with Chi-coatings were a better barrier to gases than the control (PET-O/PP) measured at 20 °C. The addition of 1% (w/v) OPEO to the Chi-coating layer showed a permeance decrease of 67% for CO2 and 48% for O2. The overall migrations from PET-O/PP in 3% HAc and 20% EtOH were 1.8 and 2.3 mg/dm2, respectively. Analysis of spectral bands did not indicate any surface structural changes after exposure to food simulants. Water vapour transmission rate values were increased for Chi-coated samples compared to the control. The total colour difference showed a slight colour change for all coated samples (ΔE > 2). No significant changes in light transmission at 600 nm for samples containing 1% and 2% OLEO were observed. The addition of 4% (w/v) OPEO was not enough to obtain a bacteriostatic effect, so future research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domagoj Gabrić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mia Kurek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Ščetar
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Brnčić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kata Galić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Marín A, Feijoo P, de Llanos R, Carbonetto B, González-Torres P, Tena-Medialdea J, García-March JR, Gámez-Pérez J, Cabedo L. Microbiological Characterization of the Biofilms Colonizing Bioplastics in Natural Marine Conditions: A Comparison between PHBV and PLA. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1461. [PMID: 37374962 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers offer a potential solution to marine pollution caused by plastic waste. The marine biofilms that formed on the surfaces of poly(lactide acid) (PLA) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were studied. Bioplastics were exposed for 6 months to marine conditions in the Mediterranean Sea, and the biofilms that formed on their surfaces were assessed. The presence of specific PLA and PHBV degraders was also studied. PHBV showed extensive areas with microbial accumulations and this led to higher microbial surface densities than PLA (4.75 vs. 5.16 log CFU/cm2). Both polymers' surfaces showed a wide variety of microbial structures, including bacteria, fungi, unicellular algae and choanoflagellates. A high bacterial diversity was observed, with differences between the two polymers, particularly at the phylum level, with over 70% of bacteria affiliated to three phyla. Differences in metagenome functions were also detected, revealing a higher presence of proteins involved in PHBV biodegradation in PHBV biofilms. Four bacterial isolates belonging to the Proteobacteria class were identified as PHBV degraders, demonstrating the presence of species involved in the biodegradation of this polymer in seawater. No PLA degraders were detected, confirming its low biodegradability in marine environments. This was a pilot study to establish a baseline for further studies aimed at comprehending the marine biodegradation of biopolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marín
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Patricia Feijoo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Rosa de Llanos
- MicroBIO, Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Belén Carbonetto
- Microomics Systems S.L., IIB Sant Pau, C/Sant Quintí, 77-79, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - José Tena-Medialdea
- IMEDMAR-UCV Institute of Environment and Marine Science Research, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Av. del Port, 15, 03710 Calpe, Spain
| | - José R García-March
- IMEDMAR-UCV Institute of Environment and Marine Science Research, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Av. del Port, 15, 03710 Calpe, Spain
| | - José Gámez-Pérez
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Luis Cabedo
- Polymers and Advanced Materials Group (PIMA), Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Versino F, Ortega F, Monroy Y, Rivero S, López OV, García MA. Sustainable and Bio-Based Food Packaging: A Review on Past and Current Design Innovations. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051057. [PMID: 36900574 PMCID: PMC10000825 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food loss and waste occur for many reasons, from crop processing to household leftovers. Even though some waste generation is unavoidable, a considerable amount is due to supply chain inefficiencies and damage during transport and handling. Packaging design and materials innovations represent real opportunities to reduce food waste within the supply chain. Besides, changes in people's lifestyles have increased the demand for high-quality, fresh, minimally processed, and ready-to-eat food products with extended shelf-life, that need to meet strict and constantly renewed food safety regulations. In this regard, accurate monitoring of food quality and spoilage is necessary to diminish both health hazards and food waste. Thus, this work provides an overview of the most recent advances in the investigation and development of food packaging materials and design with the aim to improve food chain sustainability. Enhanced barrier and surface properties as well as active materials for food conservation are reviewed. Likewise, the function, importance, current availability, and future trends of intelligent and smart packaging systems are presented, especially considering biobased sensor development by 3D printing technology. In addition, driving factors affecting fully biobased packaging design and materials development and production are discussed, considering byproducts and waste minimization and revalorization, recyclability, biodegradability, and other possible ends-of-life and their impact on product/package system sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Versino
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Correspondence:
| | - Florencia Ortega
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Yuliana Monroy
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Sandra Rivero
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Olivia Valeria López
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), UNS-CONICET, Camino La Carrindanga km.7, Bahía Blanca 8000, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra García
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, 47 y 116, La Plata 1900, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu L, Tu Z, Lu Y, Wei Z. Scale Synthesis of Poly(butylene carbonate- co-terephthalate) and Its Depolymerization–Repolymerization Recycling Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhu Tu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Castro-Enríquez D, Miranda JM, Trigo M, Rodríguez-Félix F, Aubourg SP, Barros-Velázquez J. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effect of Biodegradable Films Containing Pitaya (Stenocereus thurberi) Extracts during the Refrigerated Storage of Fish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030544. [PMID: 36978792 PMCID: PMC10044973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the quality loss inhibition of fish muscle during refrigerated storage. Two parallel experiments were carried out that were focused on the employment of pitaya (Stenocereus thurberi) extracts in biodegradable packing films. On the one hand, a pitaya–gelatin film was employed for hake (Merluccius merluccius) muscle storage. On the other hand, a pitaya–polylactic acid (PLA) film was used for Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) muscle storage. In both experiments, fish-packing systems were stored at 4 °C for 8 days. Quality loss was determined by lipid damage and microbial activity development. The presence of the pitaya extract led to an inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) on peroxide, fluorescent compound, and free fatty acid (FFA) values in the gelatin–hake system and to a lower (p < 0.05) formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, fluorescent compounds, and FFAs in the PLA–mackerel system. Additionally, the inclusion of pitaya extracts in the packing films slowed down (p < 0.05) the growth of aerobes, anaerobes, psychrotrophs, and proteolytic bacteria in the case of the pitaya–gelatin films and of aerobes, anaerobes, and proteolytic bacteria in the case of pitaya–PLA films. The current preservative effects are explained on the basis of the preservative compound presence (betalains and phenolic compounds) in the pitaya extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Castro-Enríquez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83100, Sonora, Mexico
| | - José M. Miranda
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marcos Trigo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Félix
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83100, Sonora, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.R.-F.); (S.P.A.)
| | - Santiago P. Aubourg
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.R.-F.); (S.P.A.)
| | - Jorge Barros-Velázquez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alhaj M, Narayan R. Scalable Continuous Manufacturing Process of Stereocomplex PLA by Twin-Screw Extrusion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:922. [PMID: 36850205 PMCID: PMC9965968 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A scalable continuous manufacturing method to produce stereocomplex PLA was developed and optimized by melt-blending a 1:1 blend of high molecular weight poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and high molecular weight poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Thermal characteristics of stereocomplex formation were characterized via DSC to identify the optimal temperature profile and time for processing stereocomplex PLA. At the proper temperature window, high stereocomplex formation is achieved as the twin-screw extruder allows for alignment of the chains; this is due to stretching of the polymer chains in the extruder. The extruder processing conditions were optimized and used to produce >95% of stereocomplex PLA conversion (melting peak temperature Tpm = 240 °C). ATR-FTIR depicts the formation of stereocomplex crystallites based on the absorption band at 908 cm-1 (β helix). The only peaks observed for stereocomplex PLA's WAXD profile were at 2θ values of 12, 21, and 24°, verifying >99% of stereocomplex formation. The total crystallinity of stereocomplex PLA ranges from 56 to 64%. A significant improvement in the tensile behavior was observed in comparison to the homopolymers, resulting in a polymer of high strength and toughness. These results lead us to propose stereocomplex PLA as a potential additive/fiber that can reinforce the material properties of neat PLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alhaj
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun T, Bian J, Wang Y, Hu J, Yun X, Chen E, Dong T. One-Step Synthesis of Poly(L-Lactic Acid)-Based Soft Films with Gas Permselectivity for White Mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus) Preservation. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030586. [PMID: 36766115 PMCID: PMC9914554 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper packaging can extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of mushrooms during storage. The purpose of this study is to investigate the preservation of Agaricus bisporus using copolymer-modified poly (L-lactide-co-butylene fumarate) and poly (L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLBF and PLGA) packaging. Shelf life and quality were evaluated over 15 days of storage of Agaricus bisporus at 4 ± 1 °C and 90% relative humidity, including weight loss, browning index (BI), total phenolics (TP), ascorbic acid (AA), malondialdehyde content (MDA), electrolyte leakage rate (EC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The results showed that mushrooms packaged in PLBF films exhibited better retention in BI, TP, and AA than those with PLLA, PLGA, or polyethylene (PE) films. They can reduce the rate of weight loss, EC, and MDA, which in turn increases the activity of SOD and CAT. PLBF and PLGA have substantially improved flexibility in comparison with PLLA. They also significantly reduced oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) permeability and changed the gas permeability ratio. These positive effects resulted in the effective restriction of O2 and CO2 in these packages, extending the post-harvest storage period of white mushrooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Junxia Bian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Hohhot Huimin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Jian Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Xueyan Yun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Eerdunbayaer Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Tungalag Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 306 Zhaowuda Road, Hohhot 010010, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Koczoń P, Bartyzel B, Iuliano A, Klensporf-Pawlik D, Kowalska D, Majewska E, Tarnowska K, Zieniuk B, Gruczyńska-Sękowska E. Chemical Structures, Properties, and Applications of Selected Crude Oil-Based and Bio-Based Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5551. [PMID: 36559918 PMCID: PMC9783367 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing perspective of running out of crude oil followed by increasing prices for all crude oil-based materials, e.g., crude oil-based polymers, which have a huge number of practical applications but are usually neither biodegradable nor environmentally friendly, has resulted in searching for their substitutes-namely, bio-based polymers. Currently, both these types of polymers are used in practice worldwide. Owing to the advantages and disadvantages occurring among plastics with different origin, in this current review data on selected popular crude oil-based and bio-based polymers has been collected in order to compare their practical applications resulting from their composition, chemical structure, and related physical and chemical properties. The main goal is to compare polymers in pairs, which have the same or similar practical applications, regardless of different origin and composition. It has been proven that many crude oil-based polymers can be effectively replaced by bio-based polymers without significant loss of properties that ensure practical applications. Additionally, biopolymers have higher potential than crude oil-based polymers in many modern applications. It is concluded that the future of polymers will belong to bio-based rather than crude oil-based polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Bartyzel
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Iuliano
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Klensporf-Pawlik
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, Poznan University of Economics and Business, 61-875 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Majewska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tarnowska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Zieniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eliza Gruczyńska-Sękowska
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Olonisakin K, Li R, He S, Aishi W, Lifei F, Mengting C, Xin-Xiang Z, Ruohai J, Yang W. Flame rating of nano clay/MCC/PLA composites with both reinforced strength and toughness. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
30
|
Dai Z, Li J, Huang S, Li B, Zou X, Wu L, He M. Epoxy‑modified Pyrophyllite as a Multifunctional Chain Extender for Poly (Latic Acid). MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixi Dai
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Juan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials Guiyang 550014 China
| | - Shaowen Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials Guiyang 550014 China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xiaoyu Zou
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Liangxi Wu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Min He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sharafi Zamir S, Fathi B, Ajji A, Robert M, Elkoun S. Crystallinity and Gas Permeability of Poly (Lactic Acid)/Starch Nanocrystal Nanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142802. [PMID: 35890578 PMCID: PMC9323136 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work seeks to determine the impact of weight percentage (wt%) of grafted starch nanocrystals (g-SNCs) on the oxygen and water vapour permeability of poly (lactic acid), PLA. Changes in the oxygen and water vapour permeability of PLA due to changes in PLA’s crystalline structures and lamellar thickness were quantified. To this end, 3, 5, and 7 wt% of g-SNC nanoparticles were blended with PLA using the solvent casting method in order to study impact of g-SNC nanoparticles on crystallization behaviour, long spacing period, melting behavior, and oxygen and water barrier properties of PLA nanocomposites. This was achieved by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and oxygen and water vapour permeability machine. The results of the WAXD and SAXD analysis show that the addition of 5 wt% g-SNC in PLA induces α crystal structure at a lower crystallization time, while it significantly increases the α crystal thickness of PLA, in comparison to neat PLA. However, when g-SNC concentrations were altered (i.e., 3 or 7 wt%), the crystallization time was found to increase due to the thermodynamic barrier of crystallization. Finally, the oxygen and water vapour permeability of PLA/SNC-g-LA (5 wt%) nanocomposite film were found to be reduced by ∼70% and ~50%, respectively, when compared to the neat PLA film. This can lead to the development of PLA nanocomposites with high potential for applications in food packaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Sharafi Zamir
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (B.F.); (M.R.); (S.E.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of McGill, Montreal, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-819-588-1095
| | - Babak Fathi
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (B.F.); (M.R.); (S.E.)
| | - Abdellah Ajji
- 3SPack, CREPEC, Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
| | - Mathieu Robert
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (B.F.); (M.R.); (S.E.)
| | - Said Elkoun
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada; (B.F.); (M.R.); (S.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Singh T, Patnaik A, Ranakoti L, Dogossy G, Lendvai L. Thermal and Sliding Wear Properties of Wood Waste-Filled Poly(Lactic Acid) Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112230. [PMID: 35683903 PMCID: PMC9183038 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In our study, the effects of wood waste content (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.%) on thermal and dry sliding wear properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were investigated. The wear of developed composites was examined under dry contact conditions at different operating parameters, such as sliding velocity (1 m/s, 2 m/s, and 3 m/s) and normal load (10 N, 20 N, and 30 N) at a fixed sliding distance of 2000 m. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the inclusion of wood waste decreased the thermal stability of PLA biocomposites. The experimental results indicate that wear of biocomposites increased with a rise in load and sliding velocity. There was a 26-38% reduction in wear compared with pure PLA when 2.5 wt.% wood waste was added to composites. The Taguchi method with L25 orthogonal array was used to analyze the sliding wear behavior of the developed biocomposites. The results indicate that the wood waste content with 46.82% contribution emerged as the most crucial parameter affecting the wear of PLA biocomposites. The worn surfaces of the biocomposites were examined by scanning electron microscopy to study possible wear mechanisms and correlate them with the obtained wear results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tej Singh
- Savaria Institute of Technology, Faculty of Informatics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary;
| | - Amar Patnaik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Lalit Ranakoti
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Gábor Dogossy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Széchenyi István University, 9026 Győr, Hungary;
| | - László Lendvai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Széchenyi István University, 9026 Győr, Hungary;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|