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Edwards RA, Ng XY, Tucker MR, Mortimer JC. Plant synthetic biology as a tool to help eliminate hidden hunger. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 88:103168. [PMID: 38964080 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural systems are under increasing pressure from declining environmental conditions, a growing population, and changes in consumer preferences, resulting in widespread malnutrition-related illnesses. Improving plant nutritional content through biotechnology techniques such as synthetic biology is a promising strategy to help combat hidden hunger caused by the lack of affordable and healthy foods in human diets. Production of compounds usually found in animal-rich diets, such as vitamin D or omega-3 fatty acids, has been recently demonstrated in planta. Here, we review recent biotechnological approaches to biofortifying plants with vitamins, minerals, and other metabolites, and summarise synthetic biology advances that offer the opportunity to build on these early biofortification efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Edwards
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Plants for Space, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Xiao Y Ng
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Plants for Space, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Plants for Space, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Plants for Space, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, the Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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2
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Elmagzoub M, Rahman W, Roksana K, Islam MT, Sadi AS, Rahman MM, Rajab A, Rajab K, Shaikh A. Paddy insect identification using deep features with lion optimization algorithm. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32400. [PMID: 38975160 PMCID: PMC11225770 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pests are a significant challenge in paddy cultivation, resulting in a global loss of approximately 20 % of rice yield. Early detection of paddy insects can help to save these potential losses. Several ways have been suggested for identifying and categorizing insects in paddy fields, employing a range of advanced, noninvasive, and portable technologies. However, none of these systems have successfully incorporated feature optimization techniques with Deep Learning and Machine Learning. Hence, the current research provided a framework utilizing these techniques to detect and categorize images of paddy insects promptly. Initially, the suggested research will gather the image dataset and categorize it into two groups: one without paddy insects and the other with paddy insects. Furthermore, various pre-processing techniques, such as augmentation and image filtering, will be applied to enhance the quality of the dataset and eliminate any unwanted noise. To determine and analyze the deep characteristics of an image, the suggested architecture will incorporate 5 pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network models. Following that, feature selection techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and an optimization algorithm called Lion Optimization, were utilized in order to further reduce the redundant number of features that were collected for the study. Subsequently, the process of identifying the paddy insects will be carried out by employing 7 ML algorithms. Finally, a set of experimental data analysis has been conducted to achieve the objectives, and the proposed approach demonstrates that the extracted feature vectors of ResNet50 with Logistic Regression and PCA have achieved the highest accuracy, precisely 99.28 %. However, the present idea will significantly impact how paddy insects are diagnosed in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Elmagzoub
- Department of Network and Communication Engineering, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahidur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Uttara University, Uttara, Dhaka, 1206, Bangladesh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Roksana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Uttara University, Uttara, Dhaka, 1206, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tarequl Islam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Khwaja Yunus Ali University, Sirajganj, 6751, Bangladesh
| | - A.H.M. Saifullah Sadi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Uttara University, Uttara, Dhaka, 1206, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Motiur Rahman
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Adel Rajab
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khairan Rajab
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asadullah Shaikh
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Komatsu S, Smertenko A. Latest Review Papers in Molecular Plant Sciences 2023. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5407. [PMID: 38791444 PMCID: PMC11121290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Success in sustaining food security in the face of global climate change depends on the multi-disciplinary efforts of plant science, physics, mathematics, and computer sciences, whereby each discipline contributes specific concepts, information, and tools [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-0028, Japan
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Washington, WA 99164-7411, USA
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4
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Simba LD, Te Beest M, Hawkins HJ, Larson KW, Palmer AR, Sandström C, Smart KG, Kerley GIH, Cromsigt JPGM. Wilder rangelands as a natural climate opportunity: Linking climate action to biodiversity conservation and social transformation. AMBIO 2024; 53:678-696. [PMID: 38296876 PMCID: PMC10991972 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Rangelands face threats from climate and land-use change, including inappropriate climate change mitigation initiatives such as tree planting in grassy ecosystems. The marginalization and impoverishment of rangeland communities and their indigenous knowledge systems, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, are additional major challenges. To address these issues, we propose the wilder rangelands integrated framework, co-developed by South African and European scientists from diverse disciplines, as an opportunity to address the climate, livelihood, and biodiversity challenges in the world's rangelands. More specifically, we present a Theory of Change to guide the design, monitoring, and evaluation of wilder rangelands. Through this, we aim to promote rangeland restoration, where local communities collaborate with regional and international actors to co-create new rangeland use models that simultaneously mitigate the impacts of climate change, restore biodiversity, and improve both ecosystem functioning and livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavhelesani D Simba
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa.
| | - Mariska Te Beest
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- South African Environmental Observation Network (SAEON), Grasslands, Forests and Wetlands Node, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi-Jayne Hawkins
- Conservation International, Forrest House, Belmont Park, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag X1, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Keith W Larson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anthony R Palmer
- Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
| | - Camilla Sandström
- Department of Political Science, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathleen G Smart
- Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
- Expanded Freshwater and Terrestrial Environmental Observation Network (EFTEON), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Graham I H Kerley
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - Joris P G M Cromsigt
- Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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5
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Verma KK, Joshi A, Song XP, Singh S, Kumari A, Arora J, Singh SK, Solanki MK, Seth CS, Li YR. Synergistic interactions of nanoparticles and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhancing soil-plant systems: a multigenerational perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1376214. [PMID: 38742215 PMCID: PMC11089215 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1376214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable food security and safety are major concerns on a global scale, especially in developed nations. Adverse agroclimatic conditions affect the largest agricultural-producing areas, which reduces the production of crops. Achieving sustainable food safety is challenging because of several factors, such as soil flooding/waterlogging, ultraviolet (UV) rays, acidic/sodic soil, hazardous ions, low and high temperatures, and nutritional imbalances. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are widely employed in in-vitro conditions because they are widely recognized as a more environmentally and sustainably friendly approach to increasing crop yield in contaminated and fertile soil. Conversely, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as an amendment in the soil has recently been proposed as an economical way to enhance the texture of the soil and improving agricultural yields. Nowadays, various research experiments have combined or individually applied with the PGPR and NPs for balancing soil elements and crop yield in response to control and adverse situations, with the expectation that both additives might perform well together. According to several research findings, interactive applications significantly increase sustainable crop yields more than PGPR or NPs alone. The present review summarized the functional and mechanistic basis of the interactive role of PGPR and NPs. However, this article focused on the potential of the research direction to realize the possible interaction of PGPR and NPs at a large scale in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan K. Verma
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Abhishek Joshi
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Xiu-Peng Song
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shraddha Singh
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, MH, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, MH, India
| | - Aradhna Kumari
- College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Ganj Basoda, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jaya Arora
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Yang-Rui Li
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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An C, Huang B, Jiang J, Wang X, Li N, Liu H, Shen Y, Sun C, Zhan S, Li X, Wang C, Zeng Z, Cui H, Wu Q, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Zhang P, Lynch I, Gao JM, Wang Y. Design and Synthesis of a Water-Based Nanodelivery Pesticide System for Improved Efficacy and Safety. ACS NANO 2024; 18:662-679. [PMID: 38134332 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Developing an environmentally friendly and safe nanodelivery system is crucial to improve the efficacy of pesticides and minimize environmental and health risks. However, preparing a completely water-based nanopesticide without using harmful solvents is a technical challenge. In this study, a water-based nanodelivery pesticide system was constructed to improve the efficacy and safety of Emamectin Benzoate (EB). A specific surfactant, 29-(4-(5-hydroxynonan-5-yl)phenoxy)-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27-nonaoxanonacosan-1-ol (SurEB) was designed and synthesized to form a water-based nanodelivery system (EBWNS) with EB. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the self-assembly and interaction forces between SurEB and EB in water, providing insights into the formation mechanism of EBWNS nanoparticles. The nanodelivery system showed the prolonged effectivity of EB with reduced degradation and demonstrated a good control efficacy for multiple target pests, such as red spider mite, beet armyworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and rice stem borers (Chilo suppressalis). Toxicology tests on various objects demonstrated that the EBWNS has low toxicity for seeds, HaCaT cells, zebrafish, earthworm, and E. coli. This study provides a distinctive perspective for developing environmentally friendly nanopesticide formulations, which clarified a water-based treatment method for specific lipid-soluble pesticides. The water-based nanodelivery pesticide system has the potential to improve the efficacy and safety of pesticides in the process of field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng An
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Science, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bingna Huang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiajun Jiang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ningjun Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changjiao Sun
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shenshan Zhan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingye Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhanghua Zeng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haixin Cui
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiling Guo
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- College of Science, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Bibi S, Ullah S, Hafeez A, Khan MN, Javed MA, Ali B, Din IU, Bangash SAK, Wahab S, Wahid N, Zaman F, Alhag SK, El-Rahim IHAA, Ahmed AE, Selim S. Exogenous Ca/Mg quotient reduces the inhibitory effects of PEG induced osmotic stress on Avena sativa L. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e264642. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.264642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Drought is one of the most damaging abiotic stress that hinder plant growth and development. The present study aimed to determine the effects of various Ca/Mg quotients under polyethylene glycol (PEG)–induced osmotic stress on growth, uptake and translocation of Ca and Mg in Avena sativa (L). Plants were grown in nutrient solution supplemented with three different Ca/Mg molar quotients (0.18, 2, and 4). After 30 days plants were exposed to two different PEG (Polyethylene glycol) concentrations (0.6 MPa & 0.2 MPa) for 8 days, and solutions were renewed after 4 days. A solution containing Ca and Mg nutrients has mitigated the negative impact caused via osmotic stress on relative growth rate (RGR), absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), Leaf index ratio (LAI), root-shoot ratio (RSR), water use efficiency (WUE) and net assimilation rate (NAR). In addition, it adversely affected germination parameters, including final emergence percentage (FEP), mean germination time (MGT), Timson germination Index (TGI), germination rate index (GRI) and percent field capacity (%FC), of oat (Avena sativa L.). Mg and Ca in shoot and root and Ca translocation factor decreased with increasing Ca in solution, while Mg translocation factor increased with increasing Ca in nutrient solution. In this work, the combined effects of various Ca/Mg quotients and osmotic stress produced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) in different concentrations (0.6 MPa, 0.2 MPa) on the growth and element uptake of Avena sativa L. are examined. As a result, the Ca/Mg Quotient may naturally combat the moderate drought stress experienced by field crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bibi
- University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S. Ullah
- University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | - M. N. Khan
- Agriculture University Public School and College, Pakistan; Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M. A. Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Pakistan
| | - B. Ali
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | - I. U. Din
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Pakistan
| | | | - S. Wahab
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | - N. Wahid
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan
| | - F. Zaman
- Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S. K. Alhag
- King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia; Ibb University, Yemen
| | | | - A. E. Ahmed
- King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia; South Valley University, Egypt
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Rodríguez-Deméneghi MV. Use of Temporary Immersion Systems in the Establishment of Biofactories. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2759:25-41. [PMID: 38285136 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3654-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Companies dedicated to the large-scale propagation of plant species are known as biofactories or agricultural biotechnology companies. Globally, there are a large number of biofactories (large-scale production) or plant tissue culture laboratories (small-scale production) in charge of supplying commercial propagules of plants of economic interest. Each biofactory implements technological developments such as temporary immersion (TIS) systems that allow them to reduce costs. This chapter analyzes some of the biofactories established globally, the main plant species propagated, and whether or not they implement the use of TIS.
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Macdonald Miller S, Abbriano RM, Herdean A, Banati R, Ralph PJ, Pernice M. Random mutagenesis of Phaeodactylum tricornutum using ultraviolet, chemical, and X-radiation demonstrates the need for temporal analysis of phenotype stability. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22385. [PMID: 38104215 PMCID: PMC10725415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated two non-ionising mutagens in the form of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and ethyl methanosulfonate (EMS) and an ionising mutagen (X-ray) as methods to increase fucoxanthin content in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. We implemented an ultra-high throughput method using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and live culture spectral deconvolution for isolation and screening of potential pigment mutants, and assessed phenotype stability by measuring pigment content over 6 months using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate the viability of long-term mutants. Both UV and EMS resulted in significantly higher fucoxanthin within the 6 month period after treatment, likely as a result of phenotype instability. A maximum fucoxanthin content of 135 ± 10% wild-type found in the EMS strain, a 35% increase. We found mutants generated using all methods underwent reversion to the wild-type phenotype within a 6 month time period. X-ray treatments produced a consistently unstable phenotype even at the maximum treatment of 1000 Grays, while a UV mutant and an EMS mutant reverted to wild-type after 4 months and 6 months, respectively, despite showing previously higher fucoxanthin than wild-type. This work provides new insights into key areas of microalgal biotechnology, by (i) demonstrating the use of an ionising mutagen (X-ray) on a biotechnologically relevant microalga, and by (ii) introducing temporal analysis of mutants which has substantial implications for strain creation and utility for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Macdonald Miller
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Raffaela M Abbriano
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Andrei Herdean
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Richard Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Peter J Ralph
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- Faculty of Science, Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Sahni T, Sharma S, Verma D, Kaur H, Kumar S. Exploration of novel syringic esters as antifungal agent against phytopathogenic fungi of maize: Structure-activity studies. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1265-1278. [PMID: 37236164 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The production of maize is limited by major diseases such as foliar blights, stalk rot, maydis leaf blight; banded leaf and sheath blight and many more. Synthesis of ecologically sustainable and naturally derived products can help us counter these diseases. Hence, Syringaldehyde (a natural occurring isolate) should explore as a viable option as green agrochemical. We performed a structure-activity study to optimize syringaldehyde and its physicochemical properties. A series of novel syringaldehyde esters was synthesized and investigated focusing on esters' nature of lipophillicity, and membrane affinity. Tri-chloro acetylated ester of syringaldehyde was emerged as broad-spectrum fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Sahni
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sunita Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Diksha Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Eragam A, Mohapatra A, Shukla V, Kadumuri RV, George AP, Putta L, Akkareddy S, Chavali S, Vemireddy LR, Ramireddy E. Panicle transcriptome of high-yield mutant indica rice reveals physiological mechanisms and novel candidate regulatory genes for yield under reproductive stage drought stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:493. [PMID: 37833626 PMCID: PMC10571340 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive stage drought stress (RDS) is a major global threat to rice production. Due to climate change, water scarcity is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in major rice-growing areas worldwide. Understanding RDS mechanisms will allow candidate gene identification to generate novel rice genotypes tolerant to RDS. RESULTS To generate novel rice genotypes that can sustain yield under RDS, we performed gamma-irradiation mediated mutation breeding in the drought stress susceptible mega rice variety, MTU1010. One of the mutant MM11 (MTU1010 derived mutant11) shows consistently increased performance in yield-related traits under field conditions consecutively for four generations. In addition, compared to MTU1010, the yield of MM11 is sustained in prolonged drought imposed during the reproductive stage under field and in pot culture conditions. A comparative emerged panicle transcriptome analysis of the MTU1010 and MM11 suggested metabolic adjustment, enhanced photosynthetic ability, and hormone interplay in regulating yield under drought responses during emerged panicle development. Regulatory network analysis revealed few putative significant transcription factor (TF)-target interactions involved in integrated signalling between panicle development, yield and drought stress. CONCLUSIONS A gamma-irradiate rice mutant MM11 was identified by mutation breeding, and it showed higher potential to sustain yield under reproductive stage drought stress in field and pot culture conditions. Further, a comparative panicle transcriptome revealed significant biological processes and molecular regulators involved in emerged panicle development, yield and drought stress integration. The study extends our understanding of the physiological mechanisms and candidate genes involved in sustaining yield under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Eragam
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, India
| | - Ankita Mohapatra
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vishnu Shukla
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rajashekar Varma Kadumuri
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Abin Panackal George
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Latha Putta
- Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), ANGRAU, Tirupati, India
| | | | - Sreenivas Chavali
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lakshminarayana R Vemireddy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, S.V. Agricultural College, Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU), Tirupati, 517502, India.
| | - Eswarayya Ramireddy
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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12
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Varanasi SA, Fernández CA, Hatzell MC. Energy Management and Economic Considerations of Intermittent Photovoltaic-Driven Electrochemical Ammonia Production. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2023; 37:15222-15230. [PMID: 37817862 PMCID: PMC10561136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
As the energy sector shifts from fossil fuels to renewable energy, there is a need for long-duration energy storage solutions to handle the intermittency of renewable electricity. Electrofuels, or fuels synthesized from excess electricity, are an emerging medium poised to meet long-duration energy storage requirements. Ammonia as an electrofuel is potentially ideal because ammonia has a relatively low liquefaction pressure, indicating that ammonia can be easily stored and transported. Here, we develop a framework to optimize the electrochemical production of ammonia powered by intermittent photovoltaic power. We also explore various buyback policies to understand the impact that policy has on the cost of intermittent ammonia and optimal sizing ratios. The optimal ratio of the photovoltaic to the electrolyzer is ∼3.7 MWPV/MWELEC for a system that is completely powered by renewable photovoltaic power and operates intermittently. The optimal ratio of the photovoltaic to the electrolyzer is ∼3.3 MWPV/MWELEC for a system that uses photovoltaics in conjunction with grid electricity and operates continuously. For the purchase price at the avoided cost of electricity, the optimal ratio of the solar panel to the electrolyzer increases to ∼4 MWPV/MWELEC for a system that can only sell to the grid and ∼5 MWPV/MWELEC for a system that can buy and sell electricity to the grid at the avoided cost. Optimizing energy management by setting auxiliary battery size limits is essential to reducing ammonia costs, and the optimal battery size decreases as the buyback price of electricity increases. Finally, we find that systems connected to the grid and operating continuously have emissions comparable to the Haber-Bosch process because of the current emissions tied to the United States electricity generation. Thus, unless the grid is completely decarbonized, it is essential to create electrofuels that rely minimally on grid electricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai A. Varanasi
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Carlos A. Fernández
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
| | - Marta C. Hatzell
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
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13
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Greschuk LT, Demattê JAM, Silvero NEQ, Rosin NA. A soil productivity system reveals most Brazilian agricultural lands are below their maximum potential. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14103. [PMID: 37644055 PMCID: PMC10465562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Food production is extremely dependent on the soil. Brazil plays an important role in the global food production chain. Although only 30% of the total Brazilian agricultural areas are used for crop and livestock, the full soil production potential needs to be evaluated due to the environmental and legal impossibility to expand agriculture to new areas. A novel approach to assess the productive potential of soils, called "SoilPP" and based on soil analysis (0-100 cm) - which express its pedological information - and machine learning is presented. Historical yields of sugarcane and soybeans were analyzed, allowing to identify where it is still possible to improve crop yields. The soybean yields were below the estimated SoilPP in 46% of Brazilian counties and could be improved by proper management practices. For sugarcane, 38% of areas can be improved. This technique allowed us to understand and map the food yield situation over large areas, which can support farmers, consultants, industries, policymakers, and world food security planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas T Greschuk
- Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José A M Demattê
- Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Nélida E Q Silvero
- Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Augusto Rosin
- Department of Soil Science, University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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14
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Tserevelakis GJ, Theocharis A, Spyropoulou S, Trantas E, Goumas D, Ververidis F, Zacharakis G. Hybrid Autofluorescence and Optoacoustic Microscopy for the Label-Free, Early and Rapid Detection of Pathogenic Infections in Vegetative Tissues. J Imaging 2023; 9:176. [PMID: 37754940 PMCID: PMC10532063 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9090176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in food security and food security is challenged by pests and pathogens. Due to these challenges, the yields and quality of agricultural production are reduced and, in response, restrictions in the trade of plant products are applied. Governments have collaborated to establish robust phytosanitary measures, promote disease surveillance, and invest in research and development to mitigate the impact on food security. Classic as well as modernized tools for disease diagnosis and pathogen surveillance do exist, but most of these are time-consuming, laborious, or are less sensitive. To that end, we propose the innovative application of a hybrid imaging approach through the combination of confocal fluorescence and optoacoustic imaging microscopy. This has allowed us to non-destructively detect the physiological changes that occur in plant tissues as a result of a pathogen-induced interaction well before visual symptoms occur. When broccoli leaves were artificially infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), eventually causing an economically important bacterial disease, the induced optical absorption alterations could be detected at very early stages of infection. Therefore, this innovative microscopy approach was positively utilized to detect the disease caused by a plant pathogen, showing that it can also be employed to detect quarantine pathogens such as Xylella fastidiosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J. Tserevelakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.J.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Andreas Theocharis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
| | - Stavroula Spyropoulou
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.J.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Emmanouil Trantas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Goumas
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Filippos Ververidis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (A.T.); (E.T.); (D.G.)
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, University Research Centre, Hellenic Mediterranean University, GR-71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Giannis Zacharakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, N. Plastira 100, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (G.J.T.); (S.S.)
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15
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Dos Santos MSN, Ody LP, Kerber BD, Araujo BA, Oro CED, Wancura JHC, Mazutti MA, Zabot GL, Tres MV. New frontiers of soil fungal microbiome and its application for biotechnology in agriculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:287. [PMID: 37632593 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The fungi-based technology provided encouraging scenarios in the transition from a conventionally based economic system to the potential security of sources closely associated with the agricultural sphere such as the agriculture. In recent years, the intensification of fungi-based processes has generated significant gains, additionally to the production of materials with significant benefits and strong environmental importance. Furthermore, the growing concern for human health, especially in the agriculture scenario, has fostered the investigation of organisms with high biological and beneficial potential for use in agricultural systems. Accordingly, this study offered a comprehensive review of the diversity of the soil fungal microbiome and its main applications in a biotechnological approach aimed at agriculture and food chain-related areas. Moreover, the spectrum of opportunities and the extensive optimization platform for obtaining fungi compounds and metabolites are discussed. Finally, future perspectives regarding the insurgency of innovations and challenges on the broad rise of visionary solutions applied to the biotechnology context are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon S N Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Lissara P Ody
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Bruno D Kerber
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A Araujo
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Carolina E D Oro
- Department of Food Engineering, Integrated Regional University of Alto Uruguay and Missions, 1621, Sete de Setembro Av., Fátima, Erechim, RS 99709-910, Brazil
| | - João H C Wancura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, Roraima Av., Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, Roraima Av., Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Giovani L Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM),, 1040, Sete de Setembro St., Center DC, Cachoeira do Sul, RS 96508-010, Brazil.
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16
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Rumiantsev B, Dzhatdoeva S, Sadykhov E, Kochkarov A. A Model for the Determination of Potato Tuber Mass by the Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Concentration. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2962. [PMID: 37631173 PMCID: PMC10458779 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of advanced precision farming systems, which are becoming relevant due to rapid technological development, requires the invention of new approaches to the diagnostics and control of the growing process of cultivated crops. This is especially relevant for potato, as it is one of the most demanded crops in the world. In the present work, an analytic model of the dependence of potato tubers mass on carbon dioxide concentration under cultivation in a closed vegetation system is presented. The model is based on the quantitative description of starch molecule synthesis from carbon dioxide under photosynthesis. In the frame of this work, a comprehensive description of the proposed model is presented, and the verification of this model was conducted on the basis of experimental data from a closed urban vertical farm with automated climate control. The described model can serve as a basis for the non-contact non-invasive real-time measurement of potato tuber mass under growth in closed vegetation systems, such as vertical farms and greenhouses, as well as orbital and space crop production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Azret Kochkarov
- Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Manzano-Gómez LA, Rincón-Rosales R, Flores-Felix JD, Gen-Jimenez A, Ruíz-Valdiviezo VM, Ventura-Canseco LMC, Rincón-Molina FA, Villalobos-Maldonado JJ, Rincón-Molina CI. Cost-Effective Cultivation of Native PGPB Sinorhizobium Strains in a Homemade Bioreactor for Enhanced Plant Growth. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:960. [PMID: 37627845 PMCID: PMC10451550 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of bioreactor systems for the production of bacterial inoculants as biofertilizers has become very important in recent decades. However, it is essential to know the bacterial growth optimal conditions to optimize the production and efficiency of bioinoculants. The aim of this work was to identify the best nutriment and mixing conditions to improve the specific cell growth rates (µ) of two PGPB (plant growth-promoting bacteria) rhizobial strains at the bioreactor level. For this purpose, the strains Sinorhizobium mexicanum ITTG-R7T and Sinorhizobium chiapanecum ITTG-S70T were previously reactivated in a PY-Ca2+ (peptone casein, yeast extract, and calcium) culture medium. Afterward, a master cell bank (MCB) was made in order to maintain the viability and quality of the strains. The kinetic characterization of each bacterial strain was carried out in s shaken flask. Then, the effect of the carbon and nitrogen sources and mechanical agitation was evaluated through a factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM) for cell growth optimization, where µ was considered a response variable. The efficiency of biomass production was determined in a homemade bioreactor, taking into account the optimal conditions obtained during the experiment conducted at the shaken flask stage. In order to evaluate the biological quality of the product obtained in the bioreactor, the bacterial strains were inoculated in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. Jamapa) plants under bioclimatic chamber conditions. The maximum cell growth rate in both PGPB strains was obtained using a Y-Ca2+ (yeast extract and calcium) medium and stirred at 200 and 300 rpm. Under these growth conditions, the Sinorhizobium strains exhibited a high nitrogen-fixing capacity, which had a significant (p < 0.05) impact on the growth of the test plants. The bioreactor system was found to be an efficient alternative for the large-scale production of PGPB rhizobial bacteria, which are intended for use as biofertilizers in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Manzano-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo, 3R Biotec SA de CV, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29000, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Reiner Rincón-Rosales
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | | | - Adriana Gen-Jimenez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | - Lucia María Cristina Ventura-Canseco
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | - Francisco Alexander Rincón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | - Juan José Villalobos-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
| | - Clara Ivette Rincón-Molina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Genómica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Tuxtla Gutiérrez 29050, Chiapas, Mexico; (L.A.M.-G.); (R.R.-R.); (A.G.-J.); (V.M.R.-V.); (L.M.C.V.-C.); (F.A.R.-M.); (J.J.V.-M.)
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18
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El-Batal AI, El-Sayyad GS, Al-Shammari BM, Abdelaziz AM, Nofel MM, Gobara M, Elkhatib WF, Eid NA, Salem MS, Attia MS. Protective role of iron oxide nanocomposites on disease index, and biochemical resistance indicators against Fusarium oxysporum induced-cucumber wilt disease: In vitro, and in vivo studies. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106131. [PMID: 37121523 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently nanocomposites have become a super-growth inducers as well as vital antifungal agents, which enhance plant growth and suppress plant diseases. A new strategy regarding the fabrication of humic acid (H) and boron (B) conjugated Fe2O3 nanocomposites was performed. Fe2O3 NP-B and Fe2O3 NP-H were synthesized in the presence of gamma-rays (as a direct reducing agent). Gamma-rays provoked reduction of metal ions due to the liberated reducing electrons, (e-aq), in aqueous solutions which can be considered as direct reduction. Antifungal potential against Fusarium oxysporum, the causative agent of wilt disease in cucumber was determined. Disease index percent, metabolic resistance indicators in cucumber plant as response to promotion of systemic resistance (SR) were recorded. Results illustrated that both Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H had antifungal activity against F. oxysporum in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibitory concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H were 0.25 and 0.125 mM, respectively. Application of Fe2O3 NPs-B (0.25 mM) and Fe2O3 NPs-H (0.125 mM) appeared highly reduced the cucumber wilt disease symptoms incidence caused by F. oxysporum, and recorded disease severity by 83.33%. Fe2O3 NPs-B was the best treatment reducing disease indexes by 20.83% and gave highly protection against wilt disease by 75.0% and came next Fe2O3 NPs-H which reduced disease indexes by 25% and gave 69.99% protection against disease. Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H treatments improved morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activities in both infected and non-infected plants. The beneficial effects of the Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H were extended to increase not only the total phenol, and total soluble protein content but also the activities of peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes of the healthy and infected cucumber plants in comparison with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Giza, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Bassam M Al-Shammari
- Nutrtion Department, Al-Badaya General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Nofel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gobara
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt
| | - Nerhan A Eid
- Plant Pathology Unit, Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11753, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Salem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt.
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19
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Khan S, Fahrig L, Martin AE. Support for an area-heterogeneity tradeoff for biodiversity in croplands. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2820. [PMID: 36792925 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid expansion of the human population poses a challenge for wildlife conservation in agricultural landscapes. One proposal for addressing this challenge is to increase biodiversity in such landscapes by increasing crop diversity. However, studies report both positive and negative effects of crop diversity on biodiversity. One possible explanation, derived from the "area-heterogeneity tradeoff hypothesis," is that the effect of crop diversity on biodiversity depends on a tradeoff between increasing the number of crop types in a landscape and decreasing the amount of each single crop type. This should cause positive effects of increasing crop diversity at low to intermediate crop diversity and negative effects at intermediate to high crop diversity. We also propose two factors that could change the point at which the effect of increasing crop diversity shifts from positive to negative. First, we predicted that this shift would occur at a lower crop diversity when the surrounding landscape contains less semi-natural habitat and at a higher crop diversity when the landscape contains more semi-natural habitat. This should increase the likelihood of detecting negative effects of crop diversity when semi-natural cover is low and positive effects when it is high. Second, we predicted that the shift from a positive to negative effect would occur at a lower crop diversity when it is measured locally than when it is measured at greater distances from the site, making detection of negative crop diversity effects more likely when measurements are at local extents. We tested these predictions using data on the biodiversity of herbaceous plants, butterflies, syrphid flies, woody plants, bees, carabid beetles, spiders, and birds at 221 crop field edges in Eastern Ontario, Canada. We found support for an area-crop diversity tradeoff. Semi-natural cover and measurement extent influenced the biodiversity-crop diversity relationship, with positive effects when semi-natural cover was high and negative effects when semi-natural cover was low and when crop diversity was measured at local extents. The results suggest that policies/guidelines designed to increase crop diversity will not benefit biodiversity in the landscapes where conservation action is most urgently needed, that is, in landscapes with high agricultural use and low semi-natural cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khan
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda E Martin
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Kafy AA, Bakshi A, Saha M, Faisal AA, Almulhim AI, Rahaman ZA, Mohammad P. Assessment and prediction of index based agricultural drought vulnerability using machine learning algorithms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161394. [PMID: 36634773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of droughts are far-reaching, impacting the natural environment, water quality, public health, and accelerating economic losses. Applications of remote sensing techniques using satellite imageries can play an influential role in identifying drought severity (DS) and impacts for a broader range of areas. The Barind Tract (BT) is a region of Bangladesh located northwest of the country and considered one of the hottest, semi-arid, and drought-prone regions. This study aims to assess and predict the drought vulnerability over BT using Landsat satellite images from 1996 to 2031. Several indices, including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Soil Moisture Content (SMC), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI). VHI has been used to identify and predict DS based on VCI and TCI characteristics for 2026 and 2031 using Cellular Automata (CA)-Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms. Results suggest an increasing patterns of DS accelerated by the reduction of healthy vegetation (19 %) and surface water bodies (26 %) and increased higher temperature (>5 °C) from 1996 to 2021. In addition, the VHI result signifies a massive increase in extreme drought conditions from 1996 (2 %) to 2021 (7 %). The DS prediction witnessed a possible expansion in extreme and severe drought conditions in 2026 (15 % and 13 %) and 2031 (18 % and 24 %). Understanding the possible impacts of drought will allow planners and decision-makers to initiate mitigating measures for enhancing the communities preparedness to cope with drought vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla-Al Kafy
- Department of Geography & the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Arpita Bakshi
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Milan Saha
- School of Environmental Science and Management, Independent University, Bangladesh; Department of Urban & Regional Planning, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Abdullah Al Faisal
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0E8, Canada.
| | - Abdulaziz I Almulhim
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, College of Architecture and Planning, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zullyadini A Rahaman
- Department of Geography & Environment, Faculty of Human Sciences, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjung Malim 35900, Malaysia.
| | - Pir Mohammad
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Sutradhar S, Fatehi P. Latest development in the fabrication and use of lignin-derived humic acid. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:38. [PMID: 36882875 PMCID: PMC9989592 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HS) are originated from naturally decaying biomass. The main products of HS are humic acids, fulvic acids, and humins. HS are extracted from natural origins (e.g., coals, lignite, forest, and river sediments). However, the production of HS from these resources is not environmentally friendly, potentially impacting ecological systems. Earlier theories claimed that the HS might be transformed from lignin by enzymatic or aerobic oxidation. On the other hand, lignin is a by-product of pulp and paper production processes and is available commercially. However, it is still under-utilized. To address the challenges of producing environmentally friendly HS and accommodating lignin in valorized processes, the production of lignin-derived HS has attracted attention. Currently, several chemical modification pathways can be followed to convert lignin into HS-like materials, such as alkaline aerobic oxidation, alkaline oxidative digestion, and oxidative ammonolysis of lignin. This review paper discusses the fundamental aspects of lignin transformation to HS comprehensively. The applications of natural HS and lignin-derived HS in various fields, such as soil enrichment, fertilizers, wastewater treatment, water decontamination, and medicines, were comprehensively discussed. Furthermore, the current challenges associated with the production and use of HS from lignin were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikanta Sutradhar
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Biorefining Research Institute, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada.
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Nandini B, Mawale KS, Giridhar P. Nanomaterials in agriculture for plant health and food safety: a comprehensive review on the current state of agro-nanoscience. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:73. [PMID: 36748014 PMCID: PMC9898490 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern epoch, nanotechnology took forward the agriculture and food industry with new tools that promise to increase food production sustainably. It also anticipated that it would become a driving economic force shortly. Nanotechnology has the potential to reduce agricultural inputs, enrich the soil by absorbing nutrients, manage plant diseases, and detect diseases. The aim of the present review is to cover the potential aspects of nanoscience and its trend-setting appliances in modern agriculture and food production. This review focuses on the impact of various nanomaterials on plant health to improve agricultural production and its cooperative approach to food production. Nanotechnology has great potential compared to conventional approaches. The appealing path of nanotrends in the farming sector raises hopes and illuminates the route of innovative technologies to overcome various diseases in plants with an enhanced yield to meet the growing global population's need for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boregowda Nandini
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570020 India
| | - Kiran S. Mawale
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570020 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, Karnataka 570020 India
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Mabitsela MM, Motsi H, Hull KJ, Labuschagne DP, Booysen MJ, Mavengahama S, Phiri EE. First report of aeroponically grown Bambara groundnut, an African indigenous hypogeal legume: Implications for climate adaptation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14675. [PMID: 37101470 PMCID: PMC10123189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Global agricultural production is currently limited by negative climate-related hazards such as drought, uneven rainfall and rising temperatures. Many efforts have been put in place by government and non-government agencies to mitigate the challenges of climate change in the sector. However, the approaches do not seem feasible due to the growing demand for food. With these challenges, climate-smart agricultural technologies such as aeroponics and underutilised crops have been projected as the future of agriculture in developing African countries to reduce the risk of food insecurity. In this paper, we present the cultivation of an underutilised indigenous African legume crop, Bambara groundnut, in an aeroponics system. Seventy Bambara groundnut landraces were cultivated in a low-cost climate-smart aeroponics system and in sawdust media. The results showed that Bambara groundnut landraces cultivated in aeroponics performed better than those cultivated in a traditional hydroponics (sawdust/drip irrigation) technique in terms of plant height and chlorophyll content, where the landraces cultivated in sawdust had a higher number of leaves than those cultivated in aeroponics. This study also demonstrated the feasibility of introducing a generic Internet of Things platform for climate-smart agriculture in developing countries. The proof-of-concept and the successful cultivation of a hypogeal crop in aeroponics can be useful for cost-effective adaptation and mitigation plans for climate change, particularly for food security in rural African agricultural sectors.
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Iqbal MF, Zhang Y, Kong P, Wang Y, Cao K, Zhao L, Xiao X, Fan X. High-yielding nitrate transporter cultivars also mitigate methane and nitrous oxide emissions in paddy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1133643. [PMID: 36909410 PMCID: PMC9992815 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1133643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of high yield rice varieties is critical to ensuring global food security. However, the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) such as Methane (CH4) and Nitrous oxide (N2O) from paddy fields threatens environmental sustainability. In this study, we selected overexpressed high-affinity nitrate transporters (NRT2.3 along with their partner protein NAR2.1) cultivars, which are effective nitrogen use efficient transgenic lines pOsNAR2.1: OsNAR2.1 (Ox2) and p35S:OsNRT2.3b (O8). We used high (270 kg N/ha) and low (90 kg N/ha) nitrogen (N) fertilizers in paddy fields to evaluate morphophysiological traits, including GHG emission. We found that Ox2 and O8 reduced CH4 emissions by 40% and 60%, respectively, compared to their wild type (WT). During growth stages, there was no consistent N2O discharge pattern between WT and transgenics (Ox2, O8) in low and high N application. However, total cumulative N2O in a cropping season reduced in O8 and increased in Ox2 cultivars, compared to WT. Root aerenchyma formation reduced by 30-60% in transgenic lines. Methanogens like mcrA in low and high N were also reduced by up to 50% from rhizosphere of Ox2 and O8. However, the nitrifying bacterial population such as nosZ reduced in both transgenics significantly, but nirK and nirS did not show a consistent variation. The high yield of transgenic rice with limited aerenchyma mitigates the discharge of CH4 and N2O by reducing root exudates that provide substrates for GHG. Our results improve understanding for breeders to serve the purpose of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faseeh Iqbal
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics, Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center, Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Pulin Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics, Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics, Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaixun Cao
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics, Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, China
- College of Resource and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, China
| | - Xiaorong Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics, Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, Nanjing, China
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Ammar KA, Kheir AMS, Ali BM, Sundarakani B, Manikas I. Developing an analytical framework for estimating food security indicators in the United Arab Emirates: A review. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36846351 PMCID: PMC9943759 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Rapid population growth, climate change, limited natural resources, and the COVID-19 pandemic contribute to increased global hunger, necessitating intensive efforts to ensure food security and nutrition (FSN). Previous FSN approaches covered some dimensions, but not all, resulting in significant gaps in food security indicators. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) regions have received less attention in food security studies, thus far necessitating considerable effort to develop an appropriate analytical framework. This study reviewed articles and international reports of FSN indicators, drivers and policies, methods, and models and extracted the challenges and gaps from the global and UAE contexts. The UAE and the world have gaps in FSN drivers, indicators, and methods, necessitating potential solutions to meet future challenges such as rapid population growth, pandemics, and limited natural resources. As a result, we created a newly developed analytical framework that addresses the shortcomings of previous approaches such as sustainable food systems developed by FAO and the Global Food Security Index (GFSI) and covers all aspects of food security. Gaps in knowledge in FSN drivers and policies, indicators, big data, methods, and models were considered in the developed framework, which has specific advantages. The novel developed framework addresses all food security dimensions (access, availability, stability, and utilization), ensuring poverty reduction, food security, and nutrition security while outperforming previous approaches (i.e., FAO and GFSI). The developed framework could be used successfully not only in the UAE and MENA, but also, globally, helping to solve food insecurity and malnutrition for future generations. The scientific community and policymakers should disseminate such solutions to address global food insecurity and ensure nutrition for future generations in the face of rapid population growth, limited natural resources, climate change, and spreading pandemics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-023-03032-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil A. Ammar
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, ICBA, Dubai, UAE
| | | | - Beshir M. Ali
- Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Knowledge Park, Dubai, 20183 UAE
| | - Balan Sundarakani
- Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Knowledge Park, Dubai, 20183 UAE
| | - Ioannis Manikas
- Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Knowledge Park, Dubai, 20183 UAE
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Wang Y, Xia J, Wang Z, Ying Z, Xiong Z, Wang C, Shi R. Combined analysis of multi-omics reveals the potential mechanism of flower color and aroma formation in Macadamia integrifolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1095644. [PMID: 36816481 PMCID: PMC9931397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1095644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche is a domesticated high-value nut crop. The development of nut flower affects the fruit setting rate, yield and quality of nuts. Therefore, in this experiment, two varieties with different flower color, flowering time, flowering quantity and nut yield (single fruit weight) were selected as the research objects. METHODS Transcriptome (RNA-Seq) and metabolome (LC-MS/MS, GC-MS) analyses were performed to study the regulatory mechanisms of nut flower development, color and aroma. RESULTS The results indicated that plant hormone signal transduction, starch sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were related to nut flower development and flower color formation. In the early stage of flowering, most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are involved in the IAA signal transduction pathway, while in the later stage, the brassinolide signal pathway is mainly involved. In starch and sugar metabolism, DEGs are mainly involved in regulating and hydrolyzing stored starch into small molecular sugars in flower tissues. In the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, DEGs are mainly related to the color and aroma (volatile organic compounds, VOCs) formation of nut flowers. Four color formation metabolites (anthocyanins) in nut flowers were found by LC-MS/MS detection. In addition, the VOCs showed no significant difference between red nut flowers (R) and white nut flowers (W), which was mainly reflected in the aroma formation stage (flowering time). And 12 common differentially accumulation metabolites (DAMs) were detected by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. At the same time, the DEGs, AAT, LOX and PAL genes, were also identified to regulate key metabolite synthesis during nut flower development. These genes were further verified by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION Our results provide insights to clarify the molecular mechanism of color and aroma formation during M. integrifolia flower development that pave the way for nut quality and yield breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Forestry Research Center of Kunming, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Forestry Research Center of Kunming, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zile Wang
- Yunnan Agricultural University College of Plant Protection, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiping Ying
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Forestry Research Center of Kunming, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Forestry Research Center of Kunming, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Forestry Research Center of Kunming, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, International Ecological Forestry Research Center of Kunming, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Changing Food Consumption Pattern and Influencing Factors in Bangladesh. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020401. [PMID: 36673493 PMCID: PMC9858367 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Food consumption is an important bridge between human beings and the natural ecosystem. The change in food consumption quantity and quality can reflect the relationship between them. This study aims to explore food consumption characteristics and the drivers of food consumption patterns in Bangladesh with a fragile ecology and polluted environment. This research selected food consumption in Bangladesh as the object, food consumption data were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and the data of influencing factors mainly were acquired from the World Bank. The following results were conducted: The total and per capita food consumption showed increase as a whole, but per capita food consumption experienced decline in the middle of the research period. Food consumption patterns were divided into three types: the first type of cereal-sugar-aquatic with low food consumption quantity and few kinds of food from 1961 to 1971, the second type of cereal-sugar-oil-aquatic with increasing food consumption quantity and food kinds from 1972 to 1997, and the third type of cereal-aquatic-tuber-sugar-fruit-vegetable-meat with increasing food consumption quantity and more various kinds of food from 1998 to 2020. The characteristics of food consumption in different periods were influenced by a series of factors. The influence of economic factors was higher than other factors, relatively. According to this study, the characteristics of food consumption patterns and the relationship between food consumption and influencing factors can provide a scientific reference for the adjustment policy makers taking local food demand and natural resources conservation into consideration to achieve a sustainable development.
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Early detection of stripe rust infection in wheat using light-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023; 22:115-134. [PMID: 36121603 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the application of fluorescence spectroscopy along with the advanced statistical technique and confocal microscopy was investigated for the early detection of stripe rust infection in wheat grown under field conditions. The indigenously developed Fluorosensor fitted with LED, emitting monochromatic light was used that covered comparatively larger leaf area for recording fluorescence data thus presenting more reliable current status of the leaf. The examined leaf samples covered the entire range of stripe rust disease infection from no visible symptoms to the complete disease prevalence. The molecular changes were also assessed in the leaves as the disease progresses. The emission spectra mainly produce two fluorescence emission classes, namely the blue-green fluorescence (400-600 nm range) and chlorophyll fluorescence (650-800 nm range). The chlorophyll fluorescence region showed lower chlorophyll bands both at 685 and 735 nm in the asymptomatic (early diseased) and symptomatic (diseased) leaf samples than the healthy ones as a result of partial deactivation of PSII reaction centers. The 735 nm chlorophyll fluorescence band was either slight or completely absent in the leaf samples with lower to higher disease incidence and thus differentiate between the healthy and the infected leaf samples. The Hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic and sinapic acids) showed decreasing trend, whereas the ferulic acid increased with the rise in disease infection. Peak broadening/shifting has been observed in case of ferulic acid and carotenes/carotenoids, with the increase in the disease intensity. While using the LEDs (365 nm), the peak broadening and the decline in the chlorophyll fluorescence bands could be used for the early prediction of stripe rust disease in wheat crop. The PLSR statistical techniques discriminated well between the healthy and the diseased samples, thus showed promise in early disease detection. Confocal microscopy confirmed the early prevalence of stripe rust disease infection in a susceptible variety at a stage when the disease is not detectable visually. It is inferred that fluorescence emission spectroscopy along with the chemometrics aided in the effective and timely diagnosis of plant diseases and the detected signatures provide the basis for remote sensing.
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Letty BA, Hart TGB, Murugan S, Naidoo T, Rai S, Thiam D, Zake J, Sershen, Annor-Frempong I. A critical comparative review of evidence on alternative instruments for supporting research and innovation in agri-food systems in the Global South. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1013156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Financial support is a critical enabling factor for healthy agri-food innovation systems, particularly within resource-limited settings, though additional forms of support are also necessary. This motivated a critical comparative review of evidence in peer-reviewed and gray literature on the range of instruments that support innovation in agri-food systems in the Global South, toward achieving sustainable agriculture intensification. The main aim is to provide recommendations to innovation managers on the choice of different instruments for supporting innovation. The key guiding questions for the comparative analysis were whether the instrument fosters uptake of innovation and whether it promotes inclusive development. A review of the literature was supplemented with a scan of websites for sources of peer-reviewed and gray literature documenting the application of the 12 selected instruments. The study revealed three categories of instruments: (Type A) those that support entrepreneurship; (Type B) those that primarily finance innovation; and (Type C) those that support innovation in real-life contexts. Our analysis indicates that innovation managers and funders need to select instruments that are likely to fit the specific context as well as to address the mandates of their organizations, and in so doing, they must consider how to ensure the sustainability of their investments and meet the needs of their beneficiaries. This review represents one of a handful that have compared the use of multiple instruments across multiple continents in the Global South, and can serve as an important decision-making tool for investors and funders looking to invest in agri-food innovation systems.
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Saleem Y, Ali A, Naz S, Jamil M, Naveed NH. Amelioration of lead toxicity by ascorbic acid in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) under in vitro condition. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85160-85171. [PMID: 35793025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural sites are polluted with various metal ions worldwide. Ascorbic acid (AA) plays diverse roles in plant growth, development, and the regulation of cellular mechanisms against environmental stress. This study provides the relationship between morphological and biochemical parameters involved in the amelioration of Pb toxicity in three sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) genotypes (YT-53, CP-77-400, NSG-59) by using six concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 under in vitro conditions. Morphological and biochemical parameters of ascorbic acid pretreated and non-pretreated calli were compared at each Pb(NO3)2 concentration. Ascorbic acid-pretreated calli have better callus growth and regeneration potential than non-treated calli under increased Pb concentration. Biochemical parameters such as antioxidant enzyme activity (peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)) increased under increased Pb concentration. Ascorbic acid pretreatment further enhanced the POD and SOD activity, while CAT activity and total soluble protein contents of pretreated calli did not change significantly. Ascorbic acid ameliorated the Pb toxicity morphologically but showed uneven behavior towards biochemical parameters. Different genotypic behaviors versus different treatments were also observed. In the future, information from this study can be used to develop the metal-resistant sugarcane genotype against metal stress under in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Saleem
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Aamir Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Naz
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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El Amerany F, Rhazi M, Balcke G, Wahbi S, Meddich A, Taourirte M, Hause B. The Effect of Chitosan on Plant Physiology, Wound Response, and Fruit Quality of Tomato. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225006. [PMID: 36433133 PMCID: PMC9692869 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In agriculture, chitosan has become popular as a metabolic enhancer; however, no deep information has been obtained yet regarding its mechanisms on vegetative tissues. This work was conducted to test the impact of chitosan applied at different plant growth stages on plant development, physiology, and response to wounding as well as fruit shape and composition. Five concentrations of chitosan were tested on tomato. The most effective chitosan doses that increased leaf number, leaf area, plant biomass, and stomatal conductance were 0.75 and 1 mg mL-1. Chitosan (1 mg mL-1) applied as foliar spray increased the levels of jasmonoyl-isoleucine and abscisic acid in wounded roots. The application of this dose at vegetative and flowering stages increased chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) values, whereas application at the fruit maturation stage reduced the Fv/Fm values. This decline was positively correlated with fruit shape and negatively correlated with the pH and the content of soluble sugars, lycopene, total flavonoids, and nitrogen in fruits. Moreover, the levels of primary metabolites derived from glycolysis, such as inositol phosphate, lactic acid, and ascorbic acid, increased in response to treatment of plants with 1 mg mL-1- chitosan. Thus, chitosan application affects various plant processes by influencing stomata aperture, cell division and expansion, fruit maturation, mineral assimilation, and defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Amerany
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Department of Biology, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 575, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 549, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-639-419364
| | - Mohammed Rhazi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Bio-Resources, Environment and Materials, Department of Biology, Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 575, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Gerd Balcke
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Said Wahbi
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre Agro Biotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre Agro Biotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Moha Taourirte
- Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Health Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 549, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre Agro Biotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Bettina Hause
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Weinberg 3, 6120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Jia M, Zhen L. Food Consumption Characteristics and Influencing Factors in a Grassland Transect of Inner Mongolia Based on the Emergy Method. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223637. [PMID: 36429232 PMCID: PMC9688981 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food consumption is the vital connection between human beings and natural resources. Our research explores the characteristics and drivers of food consumption patterns within Mongolian grasslands with a vulnerable ecology and environment. Food consumption data were obtained via a household questionnaire survey, and the emergy method was applied to analyze the food consumption characteristics in different grassland areas. This led to the following results: (1) The total per capita food consumption in different banners showed greater consumption and higher percentage of animal-based food in regions farther north. (2) From south to north, the main meat consumption in different banners varied, the predominant meat type consumed in Taibus was pork, that in Zhenglan was mutton, and that in West Ujimqin was beef. The farther north, the more fruits and vegetables were consumed. (3) The characteristics of food consumption in different areas were influenced by a series of factors, including social, economic, and ecological ones. Local food supply and disposable income were the main factors that had important effects on food consumption structure, as these two factors provided accessibility to foods for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jia
- Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Zhen
- Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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33
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Global niche shifts of rice and its weak adaptability to climate change. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bhagwat SA. Catalyzing transformative futures in food and farming for global sustainability. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1009020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This perspective article highlights the need for transformation in food and farming at three scales to promote a food system that meets UN Sustainable Development Goals. Food insecurity is still a persistent problem globally because of how food and farming sector is currently organized vs. how it should be organized if cultural traditions, environmental concerns, and nutritional needs of the world's growing population were foregrounded. The article argues that system-wide transformations are needed at different scales: landscape (macro), species (meso) and genes (micro). It suggests alternatives available for food and farming sector and identifies transformative pathways that are more sustainable in cultural, social and environmental terms. A better management of farming landscapes; diversification of the food system to include a wider range of species; and better use of neglected and underutilized species, varieties and cultivars of plants, and breeds of animals, in the food system can help to catalyze such a transformation. This can go a long way in promoting global sustainability by achieving three key UN Sustainable Development Goals: 2 (Zero Hunger), 3 (Good Health and Wellbeing) and 15 (Life on Land).
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Yu H, Zhao Z, Liu D, Cheng F. Integrating machine learning interpretation methods for investigating nanoparticle uptake during seed priming and its biological effects. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15305-15315. [PMID: 36111874 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01904c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed priming by nanoparticles is an environmentally-friendly solution for alleviating malnutrition, promoting crop growth, and mitigating environmental stress. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the nanoparticle uptake and the underlying physiological mechanism. Machine learning has great potential for understanding the biological effects of nanoparticles. However, its interpretability is a challenge for building trust and providing insights into the learned relationships. Herein, we systematically investigated how the factors influence nanoparticle uptake during seed priming by ZnO nanoparticles and its effects on seed germination. The properties of the nanoparticles, priming solution, and seeds were considered. Post hoc interpretation and model-based interpretation of machine learning were integrated into two ways to understand the mechanism of nanoparticle uptake during seed priming and its biological effects on seed germination. The results indicated that nanoparticle concentration and ionic strength influenced the shoot fresh weight mainly by controlling the nanoparticle uptake. The nanoparticle uptake had a significant slowdown when the nanoparticle concentration exceeded 50 mg L-1. Although other factors, such as zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter, had no obvious effects on nanoparticle uptake, their biological effects cannot be ignored. This approach can promote the safer-by-design strategy of nanomaterials for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengjie Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Zhilin Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Da Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Fang Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
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Abbas A, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Peng P, She D. Lignin-based controlled release fertilizers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1801-1817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Coffee Yield Stability as a Factor of Food Security. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193036. [PMID: 36230112 PMCID: PMC9564209 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yield fluctuation is a major risk in all agricultural sectors, and it influences Goal 2 (food security) of the UN SDGs. Yield fluctuations are expected due to climate change, risking stable coffee supplies, and compromising coffee-exporting countries' ability to earn revenue to pay for food imports. Technology minimizing yield fluctuations is crucial for food security and for coffee farmers to earn a stable income. Fluctuations are small if yields remain close to the mean yield trends. In this study, the coffee yields of major producers are analyzed, together with zonal temperature data, to see where coffee is grown with stable technology under rising temperatures; thus, we demonstrate the advantages of the Yield Stability Index (YSI) over traditional stability measurements in guiding policy formulation and managerial decisions. The Yield Stability Index (YSI) is applied for 1961-1994 and 1995-2020, for the world's 12 major coffee-producing countries. The YSI indicates that of the 12 countries, only Indonesia, Honduras, and Mexico maintain stable yield levels, while Brazil and Vietnam considerably improve their yield stability, which traditional stability measures cannot grasp. Country-wise differences exist in environmental vulnerability and adaptability, with implications for food security. The novelty is the application of the YSI, and the connection between yield stability, climate change, and food security.
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Allouzi MMA, Allouzi S, Al-Salaheen B, Khoo KS, Rajendran S, Sankaran R, Sy-Toan N, Show PL. Current advances and future trend of nanotechnology as microalgae-based biosensor. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li Q, Yang H, Guo J, Huang Q, Zhong S, Tan F, Ren T, Li Z, Chen C, Luo P. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene expression involved in wheat leaf senescence between stay-green and non-stay-green cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:971927. [PMID: 36092447 PMCID: PMC9459167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.971927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breeders agree that leaf senescence is a favorable process for wheat seed yield improvement due to the remobilization of leaf nutrients. However, several studies have suggested that staying green may be an important strategy for further increasing wheat yields. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis between wheat cultivars CN17 and CN19 after heading and also measured photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll (Chl) contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities at various time points after heading. The physiological and biochemical indexes revealed that CN17 exhibited a functionally stay-green phenotype while CN19 did not. We identified a total of 24,585 and 34,410 differential expression genes between genotypes at two time-points and between time-points in two genotypes, respectively, and we also found that 3 (37.5%) genes for leaf senescence, 46 (100%) for photosynthesis - antenna protein, 33 (70.21%) for Chl metabolism and 34 (68%) for antioxidative enzyme activity were upregulated in CN17 compared with CN19 during leaf senescence, which could be regulated by the differential expression of SAG39 (senescence-associated gene 39), while 22 (100%) genes for photosynthesis - antenna proteins, 6 (46.15%) for Chl metabolism and 12 (80%) for antioxidative enzyme activity were upregulated in CN17 compared with CN19 before the onset of leaf senescence. Here, we further clarified the expression profiles of genes associated with a functional stay-green phenotype. This information provides new insight into the mechanism underlying delayed leaf senescence and a new strategy for breeders to improve wheat yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Chongqing Industry and Trade Polytechnic, Chongqing, China
| | - Huai Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwei Guo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Insititue of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianglan Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengfu Zhong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiquan Tan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianheng Ren
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peigao Luo
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Babele PK, Kudapa H, Singh Y, Varshney RK, Kumar A. Mainstreaming orphan millets for advancing climate smart agriculture to secure nutrition and health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:902536. [PMID: 36035707 PMCID: PMC9412166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ever-changing climate and the current COVID-19 pandemic compound the problems and seriously impact agriculture production, resulting in socio-economic insecurities and imposing health implications globally. Most of the poor and malnourished population in the developing countries depends on agriculture for food, income, and employment. Impact of climate change together with the COVID-19 outbreak revealed immense problems highlighting the importance of mainstreaming climate-resilient and low input crops with more contemporary agriculture practices. Orphan millets play a vital role in the poor and malnourished population's livelihood, food and nutrition security. Recognizing their unique potential, the United Nations-Food and Agriculture Organization has announced the year 2023 as the "International Year of Millets". However, despite the unique properties for present and future agriculture of orphan millets, their cultivation is declining in many countries. As a result, millets have gained attention from researchers which eventually decelerated "multi-omics" resource generation. This review summarizes the benefits of millets and major barriers/ bottlenecks in their improvement. We also discuss the pre- and post-harvest technologies; policies required to introduce and establish millets in mainstream agriculture. To improve and ensure the livelihood of the poor/malnourished population, intensive efforts are urgently needed in advancing the research and development, implementing pre- and post-harvest technological intervention strategies, and making favorable policies for orphan crops to accomplish food and nutrition security. National and international collaborations are also indispensable to address the uncertain effects of climate change and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyoosh K. Babele
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himabindu Kudapa
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Yogeshwar Singh
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
- Murdoch's Centre for Crop Research & Food Innovation, State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Anil Kumar
- College of Agriculture, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ali B, Hafeez A, Ahmad S, Javed MA, Sumaira, Afridi MS, Dawoud TM, Almaary KS, Muresan CC, Marc RA, Alkhalifah DHM, Selim S. Bacillus thuringiensis PM25 ameliorates oxidative damage of salinity stress in maize via regulating growth, leaf pigments, antioxidant defense system, and stress responsive gene expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:921668. [PMID: 35968151 PMCID: PMC9366557 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is the major abiotic stress that disrupts nutrient uptake, hinders plant growth, and threatens agricultural production. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are the most promising eco-friendly beneficial microorganisms that can be used to improve plant responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a previously identified B. thuringiensis PM25 showed tolerance to salinity stress up to 3 M NaCl. The Halo-tolerant Bacillus thuringiensis PM25 demonstrated distinct salinity tolerance and enhance plant growth-promoting activities under salinity stress. Antibiotic-resistant Iturin C (ItuC) and bio-surfactant-producing (sfp and srfAA) genes that confer biotic and abiotic stresses were also amplified in B. thuringiensis PM25. Under salinity stress, the physiological and molecular processes were followed by the over-expression of stress-related genes (APX and SOD) in B. thuringiensis PM25. The results detected that B. thuringiensis PM25 inoculation substantially improved phenotypic traits, chlorophyll content, radical scavenging capability, and relative water content under salinity stress. Under salinity stress, the inoculation of B. thuringiensis PM25 significantly increased antioxidant enzyme levels in inoculated maize as compared to uninoculated plants. In addition, B. thuringiensis PM25-inoculation dramatically increased soluble sugars, proteins, total phenols, and flavonoids in maize as compared to uninoculated plants. The inoculation of B. thuringiensis PM25 significantly reduced oxidative burst in inoculated maize under salinity stress, compared to uninoculated plants. Furthermore, B. thuringiensis PM25-inoculated plants had higher levels of compatible solutes than uninoculated controls. The current results demonstrated that B. thuringiensis PM25 plays an important role in reducing salinity stress by influencing antioxidant defense systems and abiotic stress-related genes. These findings also suggest that multi-stress tolerant B. thuringiensis PM25 could enhance plant growth by mitigating salt stress, which might be used as an innovative tool for enhancing plant yield and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Hafeez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saliha Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Turki M. Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Crina Carmen Muresan
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Bozsik N, Cubillos T. JP, Stalbek B, Vasa L, Magda R. Food security management in developing countries: Influence of economic factors on their food availability and access. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271696. [PMID: 35877648 PMCID: PMC9312371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The research presents an analysis of the food security policy effectiveness on the component of food availability and access in two developing countries, Colombia and Kyrgyzstan, during the period from 2000 to 2018. Determining the state of their food balance trade and the regression analysis for the Food Production Index of the countries, considering four economic indicators. Thus the study attempts to show that policies and strategies have not reached the expected results in terms of reduction of food imports dependency and strengthening of national production and export industry. Furthermore was found that among the economic indicators considered, food inflation, food imports, food exports, and extreme monetary poverty; the last one was the indicator that presented influence on the Food Production Index of both countries, during the period analyzed, showing that access was the main component that defines the food production. The results highlighted the need of integrating food security with the monetary and trade policies of these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Bozsik
- Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Julieth P. Cubillos T.
- Doctoral School of Economic and Regional Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
- * E-mail: (JPCT); (LV)
| | - Bopushev Stalbek
- Doctoral School of Economic and Regional Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - László Vasa
- Faculty of Economics, Hungary and Institute for Foreign Affairs and Trade, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary
- * E-mail: (JPCT); (LV)
| | - Róbert Magda
- Institute of Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
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Sharma S, Sharma S, Bharti AS, Tiwari MK, Uttam KN. Non-Destructive Assessment of the Nutrient Profile of Underutilized Seeds Using Spectroscopic Probes. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2099414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Sharma
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sweta Sharma
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
- Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abhi Sarika Bharti
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - M. K. Tiwari
- Indus Utilization Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India
| | - K. N. Uttam
- Saha’s Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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44
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Rice Seedling Detection in UAV Images Using Transfer Learning and Machine Learning. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14122837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To meet demand for agriculture products, researchers have recently focused on precision agriculture to increase crop production with less input. Crop detection based on computer vision with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-acquired images plays a vital role in precision agriculture. In recent years, machine learning has been successfully applied in image processing for classification, detection and segmentation. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to detect rice seedlings in paddy fields using transfer learning from two machine learning models, EfficientDet-D0 and Faster R-CNN, and to compare the results to the legacy approach—histograms of oriented gradients (HOG)-based support vector machine (SVM) classification. This study relies on a significant UAV image dataset to build a model to detect tiny rice seedlings. The HOG-SVM classifier was trained and achieved an F1-score of 99% in both training and testing. The performance of HOG-SVM, EfficientDet and Faster R-CNN models, respectively, were measured in mean average precision (mAP), with 70.0%, 95.5% and almost 100% in training and 70.2%, 83.2% and 88.8% in testing, and mean Intersection-over-Union (mIoU), with 46.5%, 67.6% and 99.6% in training and 46.6%, 57.5% and 63.7% in testing. The three models were also measured with three additional datasets acquired on different dates to evaluate model applicability with various imaging conditions. The results demonstrate that both CNN-based models outperform HOG-SVM, with a 10% higher mAP and mIoU. Further, computation speed is at least 1000 times faster than that of HOG-SVM with sliding window. Overall, the adoption of transfer learning allows for rapid establishment of object detection applications with promising performance.
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45
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Efficiency Analysis of Land Use and the Degree of Coupling Link between Population Growth and Global Built-Up Area in the Subregion of West Africa. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The main challenge for land use efficiency is population growth. Using a coupling coordination model and the Sustainable Development Goal 11.3.1 (Land Consumption Rate to Population Growth Rate, LCRPGR), the present study unravels the evolution of land use types and efficiency of land use in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) from 2003 to 2019. We interpreted the temporal land use types based on the long-time series Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MCD12Q1-V6) land use images in 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, and 2019. The World Bank data on population and socioeconomics were used to support the investigation on the coupled link. Our results showed that from 2003 to 2019, the total area of agricultural land decreased by −1.4%, while the built-up area expanded by 25.80%. Globally, the LCRPGR was 0.82, of which Cabo-Verdi and Niger had the highest (1.69) and lowest index (0.58), respectively. Correspondingly, the coupled coordination model indicated an overall value of 6.81, in which the highest and lowest value occurred in Liberia (29.78) and Niger (0.31), respectively. Furthermore, a rapidly growing population had become one of the most important factors causing inefficient land use in the study area. In summary, the ECOWAS was confronted with a lack of management to improve land use efficiency. Thus, future land use policies should pay more attention to balancing the coupled relationship between urban expansion and socio-economic interests.
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46
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Synthesis of Iron, Zinc, and Manganese Nanofertilizers, Using Andean Blueberry Extract, and Their Effect in the Growth of Cabbage and Lupin Plants. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111921. [PMID: 35683776 PMCID: PMC9182584 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The predominant aim of the current study was to synthesize the nanofertilizer nanoparticles ZnO_MnO-NPs and FeO_ZnO-NPs using Andean blueberry extract and determine the effect of NPs in the growth promotion of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis sweet) crops. The nanoparticles were analyzed by visible spectrophotometry, size distribution (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Solutions of nanoparticle concentrations were applied to cabbage, with solutions of 270 and 540 ppm of ZnO_MnO-NPs and 270 and 540 ppm of FeO_ZnO-NPs applied to Andean lupin. Zinc was used in both plants to take advantage of its beneficial properties for plant growth. Foliar NPs sprays were applied at the phenological stage of vegetative growth of the cabbage or Andean lupin plants grown under greenhouse conditions. The diameter of the NPs was 9.5 nm for ZnO, 7.8 nm for FeO, and 10.5 nm for MnO, which facilitate the adsorption of NPs by the stomata of plants. In Andean lupin, treatment with 270 ppm of iron and zinc indicated increases of 6% in height, 19% in root size, 3.5% in chlorophyll content index, and 300% in leaf area, while treatment with 540 ppm of iron and zinc yielded no apparent increases in any variable. In cabbage, the ZnO_MnO-NPs indicate, at a concentration of 270 ppm, increases of 10.3% in root size, 55.1% in dry biomass, 7.1% in chlorophyll content, and 25.6% in leaf area. Cabbage plants treated at a concentration of 540 ppm produced increases of 1.3% in root size and 1.8% in chlorophyll content, compared to the control, which was sprayed with distilled water. Therefore, the spray application of nanofertilizers at 270 ppm indicated an important improvement in both plants’ growth.
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Chug A, Bhatia A, Singh AP, Singh D. A novel framework for image-based plant disease detection using hybrid deep learning approach. Soft comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-022-07177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Microbiological and Physicochemical Characterization of Irrigation Water in Market Gardening in Korhogo. ScientificWorldJournal 2022; 2022:3167581. [PMID: 35663225 PMCID: PMC9159820 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3167581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several sources of water are used by farmers without concern for quality, which can have consequences on the health of the consumer of market garden products. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microbiological and physicochemical qualities of irrigation water. Microorganisms were counted using the membrane filtration and incorporation into the agar methods. The physicochemical parameters were measured using multiparameter and spectrophotometric methods. The average values of the physicochemical parameters are between 6.46 and 6.9 (pH), 27.15 and 29.9°C (temperature), 170 and 760 μS/cm (electrical conductivity), 70 and 380 mg/L (total dissolved solids), 3.85 and 77.59 mg/L (nitrates), and between 0.13 and 2.35 mg/L for ammonium. Irrigation water in market gardening is highly contaminated by microorganisms. Loads ranging from 3.64 to 4.35 log10 cfu/100 mL, 2.44 to 3.31 log10 cfu/100 mL, 2.44 to 2.9 log10 cfu/100 mL, and 2.07 to 3.63 log10 cfu/100 mL were obtained for total coliforms, E. coli, fecal enterococci, and sulphite-reducing clostridia, respectively. Mean loadings ranging from 4.95 to 5.98 log10 cfu/100 mL, 1.8 to 2.08 log10 cfu/100 mL, and 1.5 to 1.98 log10 cfu/100 mL were obtained for mesophilic aerobic germs, moulds, and yeasts, respectively. Four different mould strains were identified in irrigation water. These strains belong to the genus Aspergillus. Shallows water was more contaminated with microorganisms. These results show that water should be treated before being used for irrigation; market garden products must be properly washed and disinfected before consumption.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the attitudes and behaviors of the administrative staff of four Baku universities toward the consumption of environmentally friendly products. The study used 536 consumer questionnaires belonging to different socio-economic and demographic consumer groups. The survey evaluated the factors that affected purchasing decisions, purchase intentions, awareness, attitudes and behaviors toward green products of respondents living in an urban area. The results from the survey were analyzed using one-way MANOVA analysis. According to the results of the study, the green consumer behaviors of the survey participants differed according to age, the number of household members, marital status, education level and income. At the same time, the main indicators that consumers paid attention to were price, brand, appearance, advertising, expert opinion and label information. The level of importance of these indicators varied according to the education, income and number of household members of the participants. The results showed that the participants of the survey were partially sensitive to the environment.
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Sachu M, Kynshi BL, Syiem MB. A biochemical, physiological and molecular evaluation of how the herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intercedes photosynthesis and diazotrophy in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg 1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:36684-36698. [PMID: 35064489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among the non-target microorganisms residing in crop fields that are potentially vulnerable to herbicides are cyanobacteria. They contribute to the maintenance of soil quality and fertility and hence are considered to be an important component of soil microflora. Consequently, the present study was aimed to check the influence of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on some major parameters of carbon (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) fixations of a cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg 1 isolated from a rice field in Cherrapunji, Meghalaya, India. These include various photosynthetic pigments, the oxygen-evolving complex activity of the PSII, the protein contents of RuBisCO, D1 protein, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), nitrogenase and glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymes, the heterocyst percentage, nitrogenase and GS enzyme activities, and production of total proteins and carbohydrates in the cyanobacterium in a varying range of 50 to 125 ppm doses of 2,4-D. The mRNA levels of several proteins were also analyzed. Besides carotenoid concentration that enhanced at 50 ppm, all other parameters were compromised by 2,4-D in a dose-dependent manner resulting in a reduction in photosynthetic and N2-fixing activities. The negative effect on N2-fixation was partly due to compromised IDH activity. RT-PCR analysis further showed that these negative effects were initiated at transcription levels as mRNA contents of all enzymes studied were found compromised under 2,4-D exposure. The scanning and transmission electron microscopy further revealed herbicide induced adverse changes in the morphology and ultrastructure of the organism. The significance of the work lies in its detailed analysis of the effect of 2,4-D at biochemical, physiological, and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meguovilie Sachu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong - 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | | | - Mayashree B Syiem
- Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong - 793022, Meghalaya, India.
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