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Gao T, Liu J, Huang N, Zhou Y, Li C, Chen Y, Hong Z, Deng X, Liang X. Sangju Cold Granule exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activities against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118521. [PMID: 38969152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sangju Cold Granule (SJCG) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription described in "Item Differentiation of Warm Febrile Diseases". Historically, SJCG was employed to treat respiratory illnesses. Despite its popular usage, the alleviating effect of SJCG on influenza A virus infection and its mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY Influenza is a severe respiratory disease that threatens human health. This study aims to assess the therapeutic potential of SJCG and the possible molecular mechanism underlying its activity against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-Q-Exactive was used to identify the components of SJCG. The 50% cytotoxic concentration of SJCG in MDCK and A549 cells were determined using the CCK-8 assay. The activity of SJCG against influenza A virus H1N1 was evaluated in vitro using plaque reduction and progeny virus titer reduction assays. RT-qPCR was performed to obtain the expression levels of inflammatory mediators and the transcriptional regulation of RIG-I and MDA5 in H1N1-infected A549 cells. Then, the mechanism of SJCG effect on viral replication and inflammation was further explored by measuring the expressions of proteins of the RIG-I/NF-kB/IFN(I/III) signaling pathway by Western blot. The impact of SJCG was explored in vivo in an intranasally H1N1-infected BALB/c mouse pneumonia model treated with varying doses of SJCG. The protective role of SJCG in this model was evaluated by survival, body weight monitoring, lung viral titers, lung index, lung histological changes, lung inflammatory mediators, and peripheral blood leukocyte count. RESULTS The main SJCG chemical constituents were flavonoids, carbohydrates and glycosides, amino acids, peptides, and derivatives, organic acids and derivatives, alkaloids, fatty acyls, and terpenes. The CC50 of SJCG were 24.43 mg/mL on MDCK cells and 20.54 mg/mL on A549 cells, respectively. In vitro, SJCG significantly inhibited H1N1 replication and reduced the production of TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IP-10, RANTES, TRAIL, and SOCS1 in infected A549 cells. Intracellularly, SJCG reduced the expression of RIG-I, MDA5, P-NF-κB P65 (P-P65), P-IκBα, P-STAT1, P-STAT2, and IRF9. In vivo, SJCG enhanced the survival rate and decreased body weight loss in H1N1-infected mice. Mice with H1N1-induced pneumonia treated with SJCG showed a lower lung viral load and lung index than untreated mice. SJCG effectively alleviated lung damage and reduced the levels of TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-6, IP-10, RANTES, and SOCS1 in lung tissue. Moreover, SJCG significantly ameliorated H1N1-induced leukocyte changes in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS SJCG significantly reduced influenza A virus and virus-mediated inflammation through inhibiting the RIG-I/NF-kB/IFN(I/III) signaling pathway. Thus, SJCG could provide an effective TCM for influenza treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Gao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jinbing Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China; Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Liwan Central Hospital of Guangzhou, 35 Liwan Road, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yingxuan Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Conglin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yintong Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zifan Hong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Ku D, Yang Y, Park Y, Jang D, Lee N, Lee YK, Lee K, Lee J, Han YB, Jang S, Choi SR, Ha YJ, Choi YS, Jeong WJ, Lee YJ, Lee KJ, Cha S, Kim Y. SLIRP promotes autoimmune diseases by amplifying antiviral signaling via positive feedback regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587146. [PMID: 38915695 PMCID: PMC11195051 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The abnormal innate immune response is a prominent feature underlying autoimmune diseases. One emerging factor that can trigger dysregulated immune activation is cytosolic mitochondrial double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs). However, the mechanism by which mt-dsRNAs stimulate immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we discover SRA stem-loop interacting RNA binding protein (SLIRP) as a key amplifier of mt-dsRNA-triggered antiviral signals. In autoimmune diseases, SLIRP is commonly upregulated, and targeted knockdown of SLIRP dampens the interferon response. We find that the activation of melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) by exogenous dsRNAs upregulates SLIRP, which then stabilizes mt-dsRNAs and promotes their cytosolic release to activate MDA5 further, augmenting the interferon response. Furthermore, the downregulation of SLIRP partially rescues the abnormal interferon-stimulated gene expression in autoimmune patients' primary cells and makes cells vulnerable to certain viral infections. Our study unveils SLIRP as a pivotal mediator of interferon response through positive feedback amplification of antiviral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyeong Ku
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yewon Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngran Park
- Center for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesong Jang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Namseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-ki Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonyong Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeseon Lee
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Bi Han
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Jang
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Rim Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Department of Pathology and Translational Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Lee
- R&D Institute, ORGANOIDSCIENCES Ltd., Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Science, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, United States of America
| | - Yoosik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Engineering Biology, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for BioCentury (KIB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Recent Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of the Toll-like Receptor Response to Influenza Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5909. [PMID: 38892096 PMCID: PMC11172706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a significant global threat to human health. A tightly controlled host immune response is critical to avoid any detrimental effects of IAV infection. It is critical to investigate the association between the response of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and influenza virus. Because TLRs may act as a double-edged sword, a balanced TLR response is critical for the overall benefit of the host. Consequently, a thorough understanding of the TLR response is essential for targeting TLRs as a novel therapeutic and prophylactic intervention. To date, a limited number of studies have assessed TLR and IAV interactions. Therefore, further research on TLR interactions in IAV infection should be conducted to determine their role in host-virus interactions in disease causation or clearance of the virus. Although influenza virus vaccines are available, they have limited efficacy, which should be enhanced to improve their efficacy. In this study, we discuss the current status of our understanding of the TLR response in IAV infection and the strategies adopted by IAVs to avoid TLR-mediated immune surveillance, which may help in devising new therapeutic or preventive strategies. Furthermore, recent advances in the use of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants to enhance influenza vaccine efficacy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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4
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Rubio AA, Baharani VA, Dadonaite B, Parada M, Abernathy ME, Wang Z, Lee YE, Eso MR, Phung J, Ramos I, Chen T, Nesr GE, Bloom JD, Bieniasz PD, Nussenzweig MC, Barnes CO. Bispecific antibodies with broad neutralization potency against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.05.592584. [PMID: 38766244 PMCID: PMC11100608 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.592584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) that reduce the effectiveness of antibody therapeutics necessitates development of next-generation antibody modalities that are resilient to viral evolution. Here, we characterized N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific monoclonal antibodies previously isolated from COVID-19 convalescent donors for their activity against emergent SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Among these, the NTD-specific antibody C1596 displayed the greatest breadth of binding to VOCs, with cryo-EM structural analysis revealing recognition of a distinct NTD epitope outside of the site i antigenic supersite. Given C1596's favorable binding profile, we designed a series of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) termed CoV2-biRNs, that featured both NTD and RBD specificities. Notably, two of the C1596-inclusive bsAbs, CoV2-biRN5 and CoV2-biRN7, retained potent in vitro neutralization activity against all Omicron variants tested, including XBB.1.5, EG.5.1, and BA.2.86, contrasting the diminished potency of parental antibodies delivered as monotherapies or as a cocktail. Furthermore, prophylactic delivery of CoV2-biRN5 significantly reduced the viral load within the lungs of K18-hACE2 mice following challenge with SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5. In conclusion, our NTD-RBD bsAbs offer promising potential for the design of resilient, next-generation antibody therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis A. Rubio
- Stanford Biosciences, Stanford School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
| | - Viren A. Baharani
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University; New York, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University; New York, USA
| | - Bernadeta Dadonaite
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, USA
| | - Megan Parada
- Department of Biology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
| | | | - Zijun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University; New York, USA
| | - Yu E. Lee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
| | - Michael R. Eso
- Department of Biology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
| | - Jennie Phung
- Department of Biology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
| | - Israel Ramos
- Department of Biology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
| | - Teresia Chen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
| | - Gina El Nesr
- Stanford Biosciences, Stanford School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center; Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, USA
| | - Paul D. Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University; New York, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, USA
| | - Michel C. Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University; New York, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, USA
| | - Christopher O. Barnes
- Department of Biology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub; San Francisco, USA
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5
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Jansen JM, Meineke R, Molle A, van de Sandt CE, Saletti G, Rimmelzwaan GF. Selective pressure mediated by influenza virus M1 58-66 epitope-specific CD8 +T cells promotes accumulation of extra-epitopic amino acid substitutions associated with viral resistance to these T cells. Virus Res 2024; 343:199355. [PMID: 38490580 PMCID: PMC10955411 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are notorious for their capacity to evade host immunity. Not only can they evade recognition by virus-neutralizing antibodies, there is also evidence that they accumulate mutations in epitopes recognized by virus-specific CD8+T cells. In addition, we have shown previously that human influenza A viruses were less well recognized than avian influenza viruses by CD8+T cells directed to the highly conserved, HLA-A*02:01 restricted M158-66 epitope located in the Matrix 1 (M1) protein. Amino acid differences at residues outside the epitope were responsible for the differential recognition, and it was hypothesized that this reflected immune adaptation of human influenza viruses to selective pressure exerted by M158-66-specific CD8+T cells in the human population. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis and investigated if selective pressure exerted by M158-66 epitope-specific CD8+T cells could drive mutations at the extra-epitopic residues in vitro. To this end, isogenic influenza A viruses with the M1 gene of a human or an avian influenza virus were serially passaged in human lung epithelial A549 cells that transgenically express the HLA-A*02:01 molecule or not, in the presence or absence of M158-66 epitope-specific CD8+T cells. Especially in the virus with the M1 gene of an avian influenza virus, variants emerged with mutations at the extra-epitopic residues associated with reduced recognition by M158-66-specific T cells as detected by Next Generation Sequencing. Although the emergence of these variants was observed in the absence of selective pressure exerted by M158-66 epitope-specific CD8+T cells, their proportion was much larger in the presence of this selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina M Jansen
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Meineke
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonia Molle
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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6
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Doan TA, Forward TS, Schafer JB, Lucas ED, Fleming I, Uecker-Martin A, Ayala E, Guthmiller JJ, Hesselberth JR, Morrison TE, Tamburini BAJ. Immunization-induced antigen archiving enhances local memory CD8+ T cell responses following an unrelated viral infection. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:66. [PMID: 38514656 PMCID: PMC10957963 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigens from viruses or immunizations can persist or are archived in lymph node stromal cells such as lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC). Here, we find that, during the time frame of antigen archiving, LEC apoptosis caused by a second, but unrelated, innate immune stimulus such as vaccina viral infection or CpG DNA administration resulted in cross-presentation of archived antigens and boosted memory CD8 + T cells specific to the archived antigen. In contrast to "bystander" activation associated with unrelated infections, the memory CD8 + T cells specific to the archived antigen from the immunization were significantly higher than memory CD8 + T cells of a different antigen specificity. Finally, the boosted memory CD8 + T cells resulted in increased protection against Listeria monocytogenes expressing the antigen from the immunization, but only for the duration that the antigen was archived. These findings outline an important mechanism by which lymph node stromal cell archived antigens, in addition to bystander activation, can augment memory CD8 + T cell responses during repeated inflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu A Doan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tadg S Forward
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Johnathon B Schafer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Erin D Lucas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ira Fleming
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aspen Uecker-Martin
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Edgardo Ayala
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenna J Guthmiller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jay R Hesselberth
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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He J, Kam YW. Insights from Avian Influenza: A Review of Its Multifaceted Nature and Future Pandemic Preparedness. Viruses 2024; 16:458. [PMID: 38543823 PMCID: PMC10975894 DOI: 10.3390/v16030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have posed a significant pandemic threat since their discovery. This review mainly focuses on the epidemiology, virology, pathogenesis, and treatments of avian influenza viruses. We delve into the global spread, past pandemics, clinical symptoms, severity, and immune response related to AIVs. The review also discusses various control measures, including antiviral drugs, vaccines, and potential future directions in influenza treatment and prevention. Lastly, by summarizing the insights from previous pandemic control, this review aims to direct effective strategies for managing future influenza pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiu-Wing Kam
- Division of Natural and Applied Science, Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan 215316, China;
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Sinha D, Yaugel-Novoa M, Waeckel L, Paul S, Longet S. Unmasking the potential of secretory IgA and its pivotal role in protection from respiratory viruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105823. [PMID: 38331200 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity has regained its spotlight amidst the ongoing Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, with numerous studies highlighting the crucial role of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) in protection against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 infections. The observed limitations in the efficacy of currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines in inducing effective mucosal immune responses remind us of the limitations of systemic vaccination in promoting protective mucosal immunity. This resurgence of interest has motivated the development of vaccine platforms capable of enhancing mucosal responses, specifically the SIgA response, and the development of IgA-based therapeutics. Recognizing viral respiratory infections as a global threat, we would like to comprehensively review the existing knowledge on mucosal immunity, with a particular emphasis on SIgA, in the context of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections. This review aims to describe the structural and functional specificities of SIgA, along with its nuanced role in combating influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Subsequent sections further elaborate promising vaccine strategies, including mucosal vaccines against Influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses, currently undergoing preclinical and clinical development. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with mucosal vaccine development, concluding with a discussion on IgA-based therapeutics as a promising platform for the treatment of viral respiratory infections. This comprehensive review not only synthesizes current insights into mucosal immunity but also identifies critical knowledge gaps, strengthening the way for further advancements in our current understanding and approaches to combat respiratory viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sinha
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France; CIC 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Stéphanie Longet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
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9
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Trovão NS, Khan SM, Lemey P, Nelson MI, Cherry JL. Comparative evolution of influenza A virus H1 and H3 head and stalk domains across host species. mBio 2024; 15:e0264923. [PMID: 38078770 PMCID: PMC10886446 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02649-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE For decades, researchers have studied the rapid evolution of influenza A viruses for vaccine design and as a useful model system for the study of host/parasite evolution. By performing an exhaustive analysis of hemagglutinin protein (HA) sequences from 49 lineages independently evolving in birds, swine, canines, equines, and humans over the last century, our work uncovers surprising features of HA evolution. In particular, the canine H3 stalk, unlike human H3 and H1 stalk domains, is not evolving slowly, suggesting that evolution in the stalk domain is not universally constrained across all host species. Therefore, a broader multi-host perspective on HA evolution may be useful during the evaluation and design of stalk-targeted vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia S Trovão
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sairah M Khan
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martha I Nelson
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua L Cherry
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Yashavarddhan MH, Bohra D, Rana R, Tuli HS, Ranjan V, Rana DS, Ganguly NK. Comprehensive overview of 2022 human monkeypox outbreak and its pathology, prevention, and treatment: A strategy for disease control. Microbiol Res 2023; 277:127504. [PMID: 37812873 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The 2022 Monkeypox virus, an evolved DNA strain originating in Africa, exhibits heightened human-to-human transmissibility and potential animal transmission. Its host remains unidentified. While its initial slow transmission rate restrained global impact, 2022 saw a surge in cases, causing widespread concern in over 103 countries by September. This virus's distinctive human-to-human transmission marks a crucial shift, demanding a prompt revaluation of containment strategies. However, the host source for this shift requires urgent research attention. Regrettably, no universal preventive or curative methods have emerged for this evolved virus. Repurposed from smallpox vaccines, only some vaccinations offer a partial defense. Solely one therapeutic drug is available. The article's essence is to provide a comprehensive grasp of the virus's epidemiology, morphology, immune invasion mechanisms, and existing preventive and treatment measures. This knowledge equips researchers to devise strategies against its spread and potential public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Yashavarddhan
- Department of Biotechnology & Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
| | - Deepika Bohra
- Department of Biotechnology & Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
| | - Rashmi Rana
- Department of Biotechnology & Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India.
| | | | - Vivek Ranjan
- Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
| | | | - Nirmal Kumar Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology & Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
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11
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Rak A, Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Nucleoprotein as a Promising Antigen for Broadly Protective Influenza Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1747. [PMID: 38140152 PMCID: PMC10747533 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual vaccination is considered as the main preventive strategy against seasonal influenza. Due to the highly variable nature of major viral antigens, such as hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), influenza vaccine strains should be regularly updated to antigenically match the circulating viruses. The influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is much more conserved than HA and NA, and thus seems to be a promising target for the design of improved influenza vaccines with broad cross-reactivity against antigenically diverse influenza viruses. Traditional subunit or recombinant protein influenza vaccines do not contain the NP antigen, whereas live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) express the viral NP within infected cells, thus inducing strong NP-specific antibodies and T-cell responses. Many strategies have been explored to design broadly protective NP-based vaccines, mostly targeted at the T-cell mode of immunity. Although the NP is highly conserved, it still undergoes slow evolutionary changes due to selective immune pressure, meaning that the particular NP antigen selected for vaccine design may have a significant impact on the overall immunogenicity and efficacy of the vaccine candidate. In this review, we summarize existing data on the conservation of the influenza A viral nucleoprotein and review the results of preclinical and clinical trials of NP-targeting influenza vaccine prototypes, focusing on the ability of NP-specific immune responses to protect against diverse influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia; (A.R.); (I.I.-S.)
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12
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang R, Wang S, Li J, An Z, Song J, Wu W. Transcriptomics profile of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to ambient fine particles and influenza virus (H3N2). Sci Rep 2023; 13:19259. [PMID: 37935887 PMCID: PMC10630401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution remains a major threat to public health. As the physical barrier against inhaled air pollutants, airway epithelium is a primary target for PM2.5 and influenza viruses, two major environmental insults. Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 and influenza viruses may interact to aggravate airway inflammation, an essential event in the pathogenesis of diverse pulmonary diseases. Airway epithelium plays a critical role in lung health and disorders. Thus far, the mechanisms for the interactive effect of PM2.5 and the influenza virus on gene transcription of airway epithelial cells have not been fully uncovered. In this present pilot study, the transcriptome sequencing approach was introduced to identify responsive genes following individual and co-exposure to PM2.5 and influenza A (H3N2) viruses in a human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). Enrichment analysis revealed the function of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Specifically, the DEGs enriched in the xenobiotic metabolism by the cytochrome P450 pathway were linked to PM2.5 exposure. In contrast, the DEGs enriched in environmental information processing and human diseases, such as viral protein interaction with cytokines and cytokine receptors and epithelial cell signaling in bacterial infection, were significantly related to H3N2 exposure. Meanwhile, co-exposure to PM2.5 and H3N2 affected G protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface. Thus, the results from this study provides insights into PM2.5- and influenza virus-induced airway inflammation and potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yinbiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Shaolan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhen An
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jie Song
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
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13
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Milad N, Fantauzzi MF, McGrath JJ, Cass SP, Thayaparan D, Wang P, Afkhami S, Aguiar JA, Ask K, Doxey AC, Stampfli MR, Hirota JA. Cannabis smoke suppresses antiviral immune responses to influenza A in mice. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00219-2023. [PMID: 38020563 PMCID: PMC10680033 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00219-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale Despite its increasingly widespread use, little is known about the impact of cannabis smoking on the response to viral infections like influenza A virus (IAV). Many assume that cannabis smoking will disrupt antiviral responses in a manner similar to cigarette smoking; however, since cannabinoids exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, cannabis smoke exposure may impact viral infection in distinct ways. Methods Male and female BALB/c mice were exposed daily to cannabis smoke and concurrently intranasally instilled with IAV. Viral burden, inflammatory mediator levels (multiplex ELISA), lung immune cells populations (flow cytometry) and gene expression patterns (RNA sequencing) were assessed in the lungs. Plasma IAV-specific antibodies were measured via ELISA. Results We found that cannabis smoke exposure increased pulmonary viral burden while decreasing total leukocytes, including macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cell populations in the lungs. Furthermore, infection-induced upregulation of certain inflammatory mediators (interferon-γ and C-C motif chemokine ligand 5) was blunted by cannabis smoke exposure, which in females was linked to the transcriptional downregulation of pathways involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. Finally, plasma levels of IAV-specific IgM and IgG1 were significantly decreased in cannabis smoke-exposed, infected mice compared to infected controls, only in female mice. Conclusions Overall, cannabis smoke exposure disrupted host-defence processes, leading to increased viral burden and dampened inflammatory signalling. These results suggest that cannabis smoking is detrimental to the maintenance of pulmonary homeostasis during viral infection and highlight the need for data regarding the impact on immune competency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Milad
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health – Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to the studies and manuscript
| | - Matthew F. Fantauzzi
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health – Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- These authors contributed equally to the studies and manuscript
| | - Joshua J.C. McGrath
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven P. Cass
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health – Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Danya Thayaparan
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health – Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peiyao Wang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health – Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health – Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Kjetil Ask
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health – Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C. Doxey
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Martin R. Stampfli
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health – Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health – Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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14
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Jang H, Matsuoka M, Freire M. Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220610. [PMID: 37928529 PMCID: PMC10622784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Global pandemics are most likely initiated via zoonotic transmission to humans in which respiratory viruses infect airways with relevance to mucosal systems. Out of the known pandemics, five were initiated by respiratory viruses including current ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Striking progress in vaccine development and therapeutics has helped ameliorate the mortality and morbidity by infectious agents. Yet, organism replication and virus spread through mucosal tissues cannot be directly controlled by parenteral vaccines. A novel mitigation strategy is needed to elicit robust mucosal protection and broadly neutralizing activities to hamper virus entry mechanisms and inhibit transmission. This review focuses on the oral mucosa, which is a critical site of viral transmission and promising target to elicit sterile immunity. In addition to reviewing historic pandemics initiated by the zoonotic respiratory RNA viruses and the oral mucosal tissues, we discuss unique features of the oral immune responses. We address barriers and new prospects related to developing novel therapeutics to elicit protective immunity at the mucosal level to ultimately control transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesun Jang
- Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michele Matsuoka
- Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Genomic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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15
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Chandrasekaran R, Morris CR, Butzirus IM, Mark ZF, Kumar A, Souza De Lima D, Daphtary N, Aliyeva M, Poynter ME, Anathy V, Dixon AE. Obesity exacerbates influenza-induced respiratory disease via the arachidonic acid-p38 MAPK pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1248873. [PMID: 37680710 PMCID: PMC10482034 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1248873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for severe influenza, and asthma exacerbations caused by respiratory viral infections. We investigated mechanisms that increase the severity of airway disease related to influenza in obesity using cells derived from obese and lean individuals, and in vitro and in vivo models. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (pHNECs) derived from obese compared with lean individuals developed increased inflammation and injury in response to influenza A virus (IAV). Obese mice infected with influenza developed increased airway inflammation, lung injury and elastance, but had a decreased interferon response, compared with lean mice. Lung arachidonic acid (AA) levels increased in obese mice infected with IAV; arachidonic acid increased inflammatory cytokines and injury markers in response to IAV in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Obesity in mice, and AA in HBE cells, increased activation of p38 MAPK signaling following IAV infection; inhibiting this pathway attenuated inflammation, injury and tissue elastance responses, and improved survival. In summary, obesity increases disease severity in response to influenza infection through activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in response to altered arachidonic acid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravishankar Chandrasekaran
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Carolyn R. Morris
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Isabella M. Butzirus
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Zoe F. Mark
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Dhemerson Souza De Lima
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Nirav Daphtary
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Matthew E. Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Anne E. Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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16
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Chaudhary RK, L A, Patil P, Mateti UV, Sah S, Mohanty A, Rath RS, Padhi BK, Malik S, Jassim KH, Al-Shammari MA, Waheed Y, Satapathy P, Barboza JJ, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Sah R. System Biology Approach to Identify the Hub Genes and Pathways Associated with Human H5N1 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1269. [PMID: 37515084 PMCID: PMC10385284 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION H5N1 is a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus that can infect humans and has an estimated fatality rate of 53%. As shown by the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, emerging and re-emerging viruses such as H5N1 have the potential to cause another pandemic. Thus, this study outlined the hub genes and pathways associated with H5N1 infection in humans. METHODS The genes associated with H5N1 infection in humans were retrieved from the NCBI Gene database using "H5N1 virus infection" as the keyword. The genes obtained were investigated for protein-protein interaction (PPI) using STRING version 11.5 and studied for functional enrichment analysis using DAVID 2021. Further, the PPI network was visualised and analysed using Cytoscape 3.7.2, and the hub genes were obtained using the local topological analysis method of the cytoHubba plugin. RESULTS A total of 39 genes associated with H5N1 infection in humans significantly interacted with each other, forming a PPI network with 38 nodes and 149 edges modulating 74 KEGG pathways, 76 biological processes, 13 cellular components, and 22 molecular functions. Further, the PPI network analysis revealed that 33 nodes interacted, forming 1056 shortest paths at 0.282 network density, along with a 1.947 characteristic path length. The local topological analysis predicted IFNA1, IRF3, CXCL8, CXCL10, IFNB1, and CHUK as the critical hub genes in human H5N1 infection. CONCLUSION The hub genes associated with the H5N1 infection and their pathways could serve as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets for H5N1 infection among humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Ananthesh L
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Uday Venkat Mateti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjit Sah
- Global Consortium for Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha 442001, India
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur 273008, India
| | - Rama S Rath
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur 273008, India
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 834001, Jharkhand, India
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
- Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chakrata Road, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | | | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Joshuan J Barboza
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 36, Lebanon
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 4861, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira 660003, Risaralda, Colombia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India
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17
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Nakamura Y, Moi ML, Shiina T, Shin-I T, Suzuki R. Idiotope-Driven T-Cell/B-Cell Collaboration-Based T-Cell Epitope Prediction Using B-Cell Receptor Repertoire Sequences in Infectious Diseases. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051186. [PMID: 37243272 DOI: 10.3390/v15051186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell recognition of antigen epitopes is a crucial step for the induction of adaptive immune responses, and the identification of such T-cell epitopes is, therefore, important for understanding diverse immune responses and controlling T-cell immunity. A number of bioinformatic tools exist that predict T-cell epitopes; however, many of these methods highly rely on evaluating conventional peptide presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, but they ignore epitope sequences recognized by T-cell receptor (TCR). Immunogenic determinant idiotopes are present on the variable regions of immunoglobulin molecules expressed on and secreted by B-cells. In idiotope-driven T-cell/B-cell collaboration, B-cells present the idiotopes on MHC molecules for recognition by idiotope-specific T-cells. According to the idiotype network theory formulated by Niels Jerne, such idiotopes found on anti-idiotypic antibodies exhibit molecular mimicry of antigens. Here, by combining these concepts and defining the patterns of TCR-recognized epitope motifs (TREMs), we developed a T-cell epitope prediction method that identifies T-cell epitopes derived from antigen proteins by analyzing B-cell receptor (BCR) sequences. This method allowed us to identify T-cell epitopes that contain the same TREM patterns between BCR and viral antigen sequences in two different infectious diseases caused by dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The identified epitopes were among the T-cell epitopes detected in previous studies, and T-cell stimulatory immunogenicity was confirmed. Thus, our data support this method as a powerful tool for the discovery of T-cell epitopes from BCR sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng Ling Moi
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Shiina
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | | | - Ryuji Suzuki
- Repertoire Genesis Inc., Osaka 567-0085, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Research Center for Rheumatology and Allergy, National Hospital Organization Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa 252-0392, Japan
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18
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SARS-CoV-2 versus Influenza A Virus: Characteristics and Co-Treatments. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030580. [PMID: 36985154 PMCID: PMC10051779 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For three years, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has completely changed our lifestyles and prepared us to live with this novel pneumonia for years to come. Given that pre-existing flu is caused by the influenza A virus, we have begun unprecedently co-coping with two different respiratory diseases at the same time. Hence, we draw a comparison between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus based on the general characteristics, especially the main variants’ history and the distribution of the two viruses. SARS-CoV-2 appeared to mutate more frequently and independently of locations than the influenza A virus. Furthermore, we reviewed present clinical trials on combined management against COVID-19 and influenza in order to explore better solutions against both at the same time.
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19
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Wu K, He X, Wang J, Pan T, He R, Kong F, Cao Z, Ju F, Huang Z, Nie L. Recent progress of microfluidic chips in immunoassay. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1112327. [PMID: 36619380 PMCID: PMC9816574 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic chip technology is a technology platform that integrates basic operation units such as processing, separation, reaction and detection into microchannel chip to realize low consumption, fast and efficient analysis of samples. It has the characteristics of small volume need of samples and reagents, fast analysis, low cost, automation, portability, high throughout, and good compatibility with other techniques. In this review, the concept, preparation materials and fabrication technology of microfluidic chip are described. The applications of microfluidic chip in immunoassay, including fluorescent, chemiluminescent, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and electrochemical immunoassay are reviewed. Look into the future, the development of microfluidic chips lies in point-of-care testing and high throughput equipment, and there are still some challenges in the design and the integration of microfluidic chips, as well as the analysis of actual sample by microfluidic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xuliang He
- Zhuzhou People's Hospital, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Ran He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Feizhi Kong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhenmin Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Feiye Ju
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Libo Nie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
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20
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van den Dijssel J, Hagen RR, de Jongh R, Steenhuis M, Rispens T, Geerdes DM, Mok JY, Kragten AHM, Duurland MC, Verstegen NJM, van Ham SM, van Esch WJE, van Gisbergen KPJM, Hombrink P, ten Brinke A, van de Sandt CE. Parallel detection of SARS-CoV-2 epitopes reveals dynamic immunodominance profiles of CD8 + T memory cells in convalescent COVID-19 donors. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1423. [PMID: 36254196 PMCID: PMC9568370 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives High-magnitude CD8+ T cell responses are associated with mild COVID-19 disease; however, the underlying characteristics that define CD8+ T cell-mediated protection are not well understood. The antigenic breadth and the immunodominance hierarchies of epitope-specific CD8+ T cells remain largely unexplored and are essential for the development of next-generation broad-protective vaccines. This study identified a broad spectrum of conserved SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T cell epitopes and defined their respective immunodominance and phenotypic profiles following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods CD8+ T cells from 51 convalescent COVID-19 donors were analysed for their ability to recognise 133 predicted and previously described SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides restricted by 11 common HLA class I allotypes using heterotetramer combinatorial coding, which combined with phenotypic markers allowed in-depth ex vivo profiling of CD8+ T cell responses at quantitative and phenotypic levels. Results A comprehensive panel of 49 mostly conserved SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes, including five newly identified low-magnitude epitopes, was established. We confirmed the immunodominance of HLA-A*01:01/ORF1ab1637-1646 and B*07:02/N105-113 and identified B*35:01/N325-333 as a third epitope with immunodominant features. The magnitude of subdominant epitope responses, including A*03:01/N361-369 and A*02:01/S269-277, depended on the donors' HLA-I context. All epitopes expressed prevalent memory phenotypes, with the highest memory frequencies in severe COVID-19 donors. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a predominant CD8+ T memory response directed against a broad spectrum of conserved SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, which likely contributes to long-term protection against severe disease. The observed immunodominance hierarchy emphasises the importance of T cell epitopes derived from nonspike proteins to the overall protective and cross-reactive immune response, which could aid future vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet van den Dijssel
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Experimental ImmunohematologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ruth R Hagen
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Experimental ImmunohematologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rivka de Jongh
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Juk Yee Mok
- Sanquin Reagents B.V.AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Mariël C Duurland
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Niels JM Verstegen
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Swammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Klaas PJM van Gisbergen
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anja ten Brinke
- Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of ImmunopathologySanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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21
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Molecular Docking and In-Silico Analysis of Natural Biomolecules against Dengue, Ebola, Zika, SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Monkeypox Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911131. [PMID: 36232431 PMCID: PMC9569982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid evolution of human pathogenic viruses, combined with the difficulties in developing effective vaccines, underline the need to develop innovative broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutic agents. The present study aims to determine the in silico antiviral potential of six bacterial antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), two phytochemicals (silvestrol, andrographolide), and two bacterial secondary metabolites (lyngbyabellin A, hapalindole H) against dengue virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, the major variants of SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus. The comparison of docking scores obtained with natural biomolecules was performed with specific neutralizing antibodies (positive controls for ClusPro) and antiviral drugs (negative controls for Autodock Vina). Glycocin F was the only natural biomolecule tested to show high binding energies to all viral surface proteins and the corresponding viral cell receptors. Lactococcin G and plantaricin ASM1 also achieved high docking scores with all viral surface proteins and most corresponding cell surface receptors. Silvestrol, andrographolide, hapalindole H, and lyngbyabellin A showed variable docking scores depending on the viral surface proteins and cell receptors tested. Three glycocin F mutants with amino acid modifications showed an increase in their docking energy to the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Indian variant, and of the SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Japan/Brazil variant, and the dengue DENV envelope protein. All mutant AMPs indicated a frequent occurrence of valine and proline amino acid rotamers. AMPs and glycocin F in particular are the most promising biomolecules for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral treatments targeting the attachment and entry of viruses into their target cell.
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22
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Chen Z, Bancej C, Lee L, Champredon D. Antigenic drift and epidemiological severity of seasonal influenza in Canada. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15625. [PMID: 36115880 PMCID: PMC9482630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza epidemics circulate globally every year with varying levels of severity. One of the major drivers of this seasonal variation is thought to be the antigenic drift of influenza viruses, resulting from the accumulation of mutations in viral surface proteins. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the genetic drift of seasonal influenza viruses (A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B) and the epidemiological severity of seasonal epidemics within a Canadian context. We obtained hemagglutinin protein sequences collected in Canada between the 2006/2007 and 2019/2020 flu seasons from GISAID and calculated Hamming distances in a sequence-based approach to estimating inter-seasonal antigenic differences. We also gathered epidemiological data on cases, hospitalizations and deaths from national surveillance systems and other official sources, as well as vaccine effectiveness estimates to address potential effect modification. These aggregate measures of disease severity were integrated into a single seasonal severity index. We performed linear regressions of our severity index with respect to the inter-seasonal antigenic distances, controlling for vaccine effectiveness. We did not find any evidence of a statistical relationship between antigenic distance and seasonal influenza severity in Canada. Future studies may need to account for additional factors, such as co-circulation of other respiratory pathogens, population imprinting, cohort effects and environmental parameters, which may drive seasonal influenza severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Chen
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Bancej
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Liza Lee
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David Champredon
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Risk Sciences Division, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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23
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Varghese PM, Kishore U, Rajkumari R. Innate and adaptive immune responses against Influenza A Virus: Immune evasion and vaccination strategies. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Mackay CR, Ng LG, Kwok I. Neutrophil subsets and their differential roles in viral respiratory diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:1159-1173. [PMID: 35040189 PMCID: PMC9015493 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr1221-345r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils play significant roles in immune homeostasis and as neutralizers of microbial infections. Recent evidence further suggests heterogeneity of neutrophil developmental and activation states that exert specialized effector functions during inflammatory disease conditions. Neutrophils can play multiple roles during viral infections, secreting inflammatory mediators and cytokines that contribute significantly to host defense and pathogenicity. However, their roles in viral immunity are not well understood. In this review, we present an overview of neutrophil heterogeneity and its impact on the course and severity of viral respiratory infectious diseases. We focus on the evidence demonstrating the crucial roles neutrophils play in the immune response toward respiratory infections, using influenza as a model. We further extend the understanding of neutrophil function with the studies pertaining to COVID-19 disease and its neutrophil-associated pathologies. Finally, we discuss the relevance of these results for future therapeutic options through targeting and regulating neutrophil-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Department of ResearchNational Skin CentreSingaporeSingapore
| | - Quanbo Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
| | - Charles R Mackay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
- Department of Microbiology, Infection and Immunity ProgramBiomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)BiopolisSingapore
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyInstitute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyImmunology Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- National Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN)A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research)BiopolisSingapore
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25
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Barman S, Soni D, Brook B, Nanishi E, Dowling DJ. Precision Vaccine Development: Cues From Natural Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 12:662218. [PMID: 35222350 PMCID: PMC8866702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional vaccine development against infectious diseases has been guided by the overarching aim to generate efficacious vaccines normally indicated by an antibody and/or cellular response that correlates with protection. However, this approach has been shown to be only a partially effective measure, since vaccine- and pathogen-specific immunity may not perfectly overlap. Thus, some vaccine development strategies, normally focused on targeted generation of both antigen specific antibody and T cell responses, resulting in a long-lived heterogenous and stable pool of memory lymphocytes, may benefit from better mimicking the immune response of a natural infection. However, challenges to achieving this goal remain unattended, due to gaps in our understanding of human immunity and full elucidation of infectious pathogenesis. In this review, we describe recent advances in the development of effective vaccines, focusing on how understanding the differences in the immunizing and non-immunizing immune responses to natural infections and corresponding shifts in immune ontogeny are crucial to inform the next generation of infectious disease vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Barman
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dheeraj Soni
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Byron Brook
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Etsuro Nanishi
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David J Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Alqazlan N, Astill J, Raj S, Sharif S. Strategies for enhancing immunity against avian influenza virus in chickens: A review. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:211-235. [PMID: 35297706 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2054309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poultry infection with avian influenza viruses (AIV) is a continuous source of concern for poultry production and human health. Uncontrolled infection and transmission of AIV in poultry increases the potential for viral mutation and reassortment, possibly resulting in the emergence of zoonotic viruses. To this end, implementing strategies to disrupt the transmission of AIVs in poultry, including a wide array of traditional and novel methods, is much needed. Vaccination of poultry is a targeted approach to reduce clinical signs and shedding in infected birds. Strategies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of AIV vaccines are multi-pronged and include methods directed towards eliciting immune responses in poultry. Strategies include producing vaccines of greater immunogenicity via vaccine type and adjuvant application and increasing bird responsiveness to vaccines by modification of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome and dietary interventions. This review provides an in-depth discussion of recent findings surrounding novel AIV vaccines for poultry, including reverse genetics vaccines, vectors, protein vaccines and virus like particles, highlighting their experimental efficacy among other factors such as safety and potential for use in the field. In addition to the type of vaccine employed, vaccine adjuvants also provide an effective way to enhance AIV vaccine efficacy, therefore, research on different types of vaccine adjuvants and vaccine adjuvant delivery strategies is discussed. Finally, the poultry gastrointestinal microbiome is emerging as an important factor in the effectiveness of prophylactic treatments. In this regard, current findings on the effects of the chicken GIT microbiome on AIV vaccine efficacy are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiyah Alqazlan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Artemis Technologies Inc., Guelph, ON, N1L 1E3, Canada
| | - Sugandha Raj
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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27
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Varghese PM, Kishore U, Rajkumari R. Human C1q Regulates Influenza A Virus Infection and Inflammatory Response via Its Globular Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3045. [PMID: 35328462 PMCID: PMC8949502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Influenza A virus (IAV) is a severe respiratory pathogen. C1q is the first subcomponent of the complement system's classical pathway. C1q is composed of 18 polypeptide chains. Each of these chains contains a collagen-like region located at the N terminus, and a C-terminal globular head region organized as a heterotrimeric structure (ghA, ghB and ghC). This study was aimed at investigating the complement activation-independent modulation by C1q and its individual recombinant globular heads against IAV infection. The interaction of C1q and its recombinant globular heads with IAV and its purified glycoproteins was examined using direct ELISA and far-Western blotting analysis. The effect of the complement proteins on IAV replication kinetics and immune modulation was assessed by qPCR. The IAV entry inhibitory properties of C1q and its recombinant globular heads were confirmed using cell binding and luciferase reporter assays. C1q bound IAV virions via HA, NA and M1 IAV proteins, and suppressed replication in H1N1, while promoting replication in H3N2-infected A549 cells. C1q treatment further triggered an anti-inflammatory response in H1N1 and pro-inflammatory response in H3N2-infected cells as evident from differential expression of TNF-α, NF-κB, IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-6, IL-12 and RANTES. Furthermore, C1q treatment was found to reduce luciferase reporter activity of MDCK cells transfected with H1N1 pseudotyped lentiviral particles, indicative of an entry inhibitory role of C1q against infectivity of IAV. These data appear to demonstrate the complement-independent subtype specific modulation of IAV infection by locally produced C1q.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen M. Varghese
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, UK;
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Reena Rajkumari
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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28
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Wang Y, Wang L, Fu C, Wang X, Zuo S, Shu C, Shan Y, He J, Zhou Q, Li W, Yang YG, Hu Z, Hua S. Exploration of Human Lung-Resident Immunity and Response to Respiratory Viral Immunization in a Humanized Mouse Model. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:420-428. [PMID: 34903640 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are urgent needs for humanized mouse models of viral respiratory diseases to study immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Although human immune system (HIS) mice permit analysis in real time of human immune responses in vivo, evolutionary divergences preclude their usefulness for the respiratory viruses that do not infect mouse lungs. In this study, we sought to use HIS mice with human lung (HL) tissue xenografts (HISL mice) to address this issue. The grafted HL tissue maintained histologically normal structure, and populated with human tissue-resident immune cells, including CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells. HISL mice showed a marked expansion of tissue-resident memory T cells and generation of viral Ag-specific T cells in the HL xenografts, and production of antiviral IgM and IgG Abs upon immunization of the HL xenograft by H1N1 influenza viruses. RNA-seq analysis on H1N1-infected and control HL xenografts identified a total of 5089 differentially expressed genes with enrichments for genes involved in respiratory diseases, viral infections, and associated immune responses. Furthermore, prophylactic viral exposures resulted in protection against subsequent lethal challenge by intranasal viral inoculation. This study supports the usefulness of this preclinical model in exploring the immunopathology and therapies of respiratory viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Siyao Zuo
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Shan
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;
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29
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Influenza Vaccine: An Engineering Vision from Virological Importance to Production. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022; 27:714-738. [PMID: 36313971 PMCID: PMC9589582 DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
According to data from the World Health Organization (WHO) every year, millions of people are affected by flu. Flu is a disease caused by influenza viruses. For preventing this, seasonal influenza vaccinations are widely considered the most efficient way to protect against the negative effects of the flu. To date, there is no "one-size-fits-all" vaccine that can be effective all over the world to protect against all seasonal or pandemic influenza virus types. Because influenza virus transforms its genetic structure and it can emerges as immunogenically new (antigenic drift) which causes epidemics or new virus subtype (antigenic shift) which causes pandemics. As a result, annual revaccination or new subtype viral vaccine development is required. Currently, three types of vaccines (inactivated, live attenuated, and recombinant) are approved in different countries. These can be named "conventional influenza vaccines" and their production are based on eggs or cell culture. Although, there is good effort to develop new influenza vaccines for broader and longer period of time protection. In this sense these candidate vaccines are called "universal influenza vaccines". In this article, after we mentioned the short history of flu then virus morphology and infection, we explained the diseases caused by the influenza virus in humans. Afterward, we explained in detail the production methods of available influenza vaccines, types of bioreactors used in cell culture based production, conventional and new vaccine types, and development strategies for better vaccines.
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30
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Kozlovski S, Regev O, Sapoznikov A, Kizner M, Achdout H, Petrovich-Kopitman E, Elkahal J, Addadi Y, Silva Castanheira FVE, Feigelson SW, Kubes P, Erez N, Garbi N, Alon R. ICAMs are dispensable for influenza clearance and anti-viral humoral and cellular immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041552. [PMID: 36895258 PMCID: PMC9988921 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
αLβ2 (LFA-1) mediated interactions with ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 predominate leukocyte-vascular interactions, but their functions in extravascular cell-cell communications is still debated. The roles of these two ligands in leukocyte trafficking, lymphocyte differentiation, and immunity to influenza infections were dissected in the present study. Surprisingly, double ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 knock out mice (herein ICAM-1/2-/- mice) infected with a lab adapted H1N1 influenza A virus fully recovered from infection, elicited potent humoral immunity, and generated normal long lasting anti-viral CD8+ T cell memory. Furthermore, lung capillary ICAMs were dispensable for both NK and neutrophil entry to virus infected lungs. Mediastinal lymph nodes (MedLNs) of ICAM-1/2-/- mice poorly recruited naïve T cells and B lymphocytes but elicited normal humoral immunity critical for viral clearance and effective CD8+ differentiation into IFN-γ producing T cells. Furthermore, whereas reduced numbers of virus specific effector CD8+ T cells accumulated inside infected ICAM-1/2-/- lungs, normal virus-specific TRM CD8+ cells were generated inside these lungs and fully protected ICAM-1/2-/- mice from secondary heterosubtypic infections. B lymphocyte entry to the MedLNs and differentiation into extrafollicular plasmablasts, producing high affinity anti-influenza IgG2a antibodies, were also ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 independent. A potent antiviral humoral response was associated with accumulation of hyper-stimulated cDC2s in ICAM null MedLNs and higher numbers of virus-specific T follicular helper (Tfh) cells generated following lung infection. Mice selectively depleted of cDC ICAM-1 expression supported, however, normal CTL and Tfh differentiation following influenza infection, ruling out essential co-stimulatory functions of DC ICAM-1 in CD8+ and CD4+ T cell differentiation. Collectively our findings suggest that lung ICAMs are dispensable for innate leukocyte trafficking to influenza infected lungs, for the generation of peri-epithelial TRM CD8+ cells, and long term anti-viral cellular immunity. In lung draining LNs, although ICAMs promote lymphocyte homing, these key integrin ligands are not required for influenza-specific humoral immunity or generation of IFN-γ effector CD8+ T cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest unexpected compensatory mechanisms that orchestrate protective anti-influenza immunity in the absence of vascular and extravascular ICAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stav Kozlovski
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofer Regev
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anita Sapoznikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Marina Kizner
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | | | - Jacob Elkahal
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Sara W Feigelson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Experimental Immunology Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Kumar R, Chauhan D, Saini G, Kumar R, Kumar S, Sharma D, Sharma M, Kumar Bharti V, Kumar A, Ghosh A. Down-regulation of RdRp complex and activated immune response due to increased arsenic level leads to decreased corona virus replication. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100162. [PMID: 36090585 PMCID: PMC9444337 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Corona virus is pandemic and responsible for more than 5.6 million deaths. It was observed that its severity was reported in varied ways in different countries and even in different states of India. This variation was critically evaluated in the area with high contamination of Arsenic (As) to understand the arsenic toxicity and Covid epidemiology and associated health effects in the human population. It was reported that the area with low arsenic contamination has a very high incidence rate of Corona infection in the world. Even in the Indian scenario, high As-contaminated states like West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar, the incidence rate is 1.994%, 1.114% and 0.661%, respectively. In contrast, states with the least arsenic contamination have a very high corona incidence rate like 6.308, 17.289 and 4.351, respectively. It was evident that Arsenic inhibits the RdRp complex, which leads to the inhibition of viral genome replication. The PAMP associated pathway was activated by Arsenic and effectively bound with viral spike proteins leading to effective clearance of virus through activation of TNF alpha and IL-1. It finally leads to increased production of IgE, IgG and IGA. Arsenic also enhances inflammatory response against the virus through increased production of cytokine. The high arsenic level also induces apoptosis in viral infected cells through Bax/Bak pathway. It activates cytochrome-c and caspase-3 activity, inducing apoptosis in viral infected cells through PARP activation in the nucleus. These combined findings suggest that high arsenic contamination causes replication inhibition, activates an inflammatory response, increases antibody production, and finally leads to apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. People residing in arsenic hit areas are at a very low threat of corona infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Kumar
- Department of Animal Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Disha Chauhan
- Department of Animal Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India
| | - Geetika Saini
- Department of Animal Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Animal Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Animal Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India
| | - Dixit Sharma
- Department of Animal Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India
| | - Munish Sharma
- Department of Plant Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Bharti
- DRDO-Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR), UT Ladakh, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Patna, India
| | - Ashok Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Patna, India
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Differential Analysis and Putative Roles of Genes, Cytokines and Apoptotic Proteins in Blood Samples of Patients with Respiratory Viral Infections: A Single Center Study. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the molecular pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections were investigated using serum and peripheral blood from patients with clinical syndromes. Signatures of expression of cytokines, genes and apoptotic proteins that discriminate symptomatic individuals from healthy individuals were determined among 21 patients. In symptomatic patients, significant upregulation of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, TNF-a and IFN-g (P<0.05) was noted, while IL-10 was significantly downregulated (P<0.05). This is accompanied by either up or down-regulation of various pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers, suggesting a protective role of immune responses against viral infection and the capacity of viruses to subvert host cell apoptosis. Gene expression analysis for both T and B cells were categorized according to their functional status of activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Of note, genes SH2D1A and TCL1A were upregulated only in rhinovirus samples, while PSMB7, CD4, CD8A, HLA-DMA, HLA-DRA and CD69 were upregulated in samples of Flu A and RSV but were not significant in samples of rhinovirus as compared to healthy individuals. These results demonstrated Flu A and RSV elicit different alterations in human peripheral blood gene expression as compared to rhinovirus. Overall, despite the small number of study subjects, the current study for the first time has recognized signature genes, cytokines and proteins that are used by some respiratory viruses that may serve as candidates for rapid diagnosis as well as targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Jungić A, Savić V, Madić J, Barbić L, Roić B, Brnić D, Prpić J, Jemeršić L, Novosel D. Improving Current Knowledge on Seroprevalence and Genetic Characterization of Swine Influenza Virus in Croatian Pig Farms: A Retrospective Study. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111527. [PMID: 34832682 PMCID: PMC8623915 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In a total of 1536 blood serum samples analysed by ELISA, antibodies for IAV nucleoprotein (NP) were detected in 30.3%. Results from HI show that the most common subtype of swIAV in the Croatian pig population was H1N1 (44.6%), followed by H3N2 (42.7%) and H1N2 (26.3%). Antibodies to at least one subtype were detected in 62.19% of blood serum samples. Detection of swIAV antigen was performed by IHC and detected in 8 of 28 lung samples collected post-mortem. The matrix (M) gene was detected in nine of one hundred and forty-two lung tissue samples and in seven of twenty-nine nasopharyngeal swabs. Phylogenetic analysis of amplified HA and NA gene fragments in Croatian isolates suggests the presence of swIAV H1avN1av.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Jungić
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.R.); (D.B.); (J.P.); (L.J.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (D.N.); Tel.: +385-16-123648 (A.J.); +385-91-5179431 (D.N.)
| | - Vladimir Savić
- Poultry Center, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Josip Madić
- Deparment of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Ljubo Barbić
- Deparment of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Besi Roić
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.R.); (D.B.); (J.P.); (L.J.)
| | - Dragan Brnić
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.R.); (D.B.); (J.P.); (L.J.)
| | - Jelena Prpić
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.R.); (D.B.); (J.P.); (L.J.)
| | - Lorena Jemeršić
- Department of Virology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (B.R.); (D.B.); (J.P.); (L.J.)
| | - Dinko Novosel
- Department of Pathology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: (A.J.); (D.N.); Tel.: +385-16-123648 (A.J.); +385-91-5179431 (D.N.)
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Innate Immune Responses to Influenza Virus Infections in the Upper Respiratory Tract. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102090. [PMID: 34696520 PMCID: PMC8541359 DOI: 10.3390/v13102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the host's first line of immune defence against any invading pathogen. To establish an infection in a human host the influenza virus must replicate in epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract. However, there are several innate immune mechanisms in place to stop the virus from reaching epithelial cells. In addition to limiting viral replication and dissemination, the innate immune system also activates the adaptive immune system leading to viral clearance, enabling the respiratory system to return to normal homeostasis. However, an overzealous innate immune system or adaptive immune response can be associated with immunopathology and aid secondary bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract leading to pneumonia. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms utilised by the innate immune system to limit influenza virus replication and the damage caused by influenza viruses on the respiratory tissues and how these very same protective immune responses can cause immunopathology.
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Becker T, Elbahesh H, Reperant LA, Rimmelzwaan GF, Osterhaus ADME. Influenza Vaccines: Successes and Continuing Challenges. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:S405-S419. [PMID: 34590139 PMCID: PMC8482026 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines have been available for over 80 years. They have contributed to significant reductions in influenza morbidity and mortality. However, there have been limitations in their effectiveness, in part due to the continuous antigenic evolution of seasonal influenza viruses, but also due to the predominant use of embryonated chicken eggs for their production. The latter furthermore limits their worldwide production timelines and scale. Therefore today, alternative approaches for their design and production are increasingly pursued, with already licensed quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines produced in cell cultures, including based on a baculovirus expression system. Next-generation influenza vaccines aim at inducing broader and longer-lasting immune responses to overcome seasonal influenza virus antigenic drift and to timely address the emergence of a new pandemic influenza virus. Tailored approaches target mechanisms to improve vaccine-induced immune responses in individuals with a weakened immune system, in particular older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Becker
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Husni Elbahesh
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Albert D M E Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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36
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Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9090979. [PMID: 34579216 PMCID: PMC8471734 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9090979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses have affected the world for over a century, causing multiple pandemics. Throughout the years, many prophylactic vaccines have been developed for influenza; however, these viruses are still a global issue and take many lives. In this paper, we review influenza viruses, associated immunological mechanisms, current influenza vaccine platforms, and influenza infection, in the context of immunocompromised populations. This review focuses on the qualitative nature of immune responses against influenza viruses, with an emphasis on trained immunity and an assessment of the characteristics of the host–pathogen that compromise the effectiveness of immunization. We also highlight innovative immunological concepts that are important considerations for the development of the next generation of vaccines against influenza viruses.
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37
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Komadina N, Sullivan SG, Leder K, McVernon J. Likelihood of prior exposure to circulating influenza viruses resulting in cross-protection by CD8+ T cells against emergent H3N2v swine viruses infecting humans. J Med Virol 2021; 94:567-574. [PMID: 34449904 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of influenza in swine can result in potential threats to human public health. A notable occurrence was the emergence of swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses in 2009. Since then, there have been several documented outbreaks of swine-origin influenza infecting humans in several countries. Sustained events have occurred when H1N1v, H1N2v, and H3N2v swine-origin viruses have infected humans visiting agricultural shows in the US. The predominant H3N2v viruses gained the matrix protein from the A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, with reported human-to-human transmission raising fears of another pandemic. Current vaccines do not induce secondary cell-mediated immune responses, which may provide cross-protection against novel influenza A subtypes, however, population susceptibility to infection with seasonal influenza is likely to be influenced by cross-reactive CD8+ T-cells directed towards immunogenic peptides derived from viral proteins. This study involved a retrospective review of historical influenza viruses circulating in human populations from 1918 to 2020 to identify evidence of prior circulation of H3N3v immunogenic CD8+ T-cells peptides found in the NP and M1 proteins. We found evidence of prior circulation of H3N2v NP and M1 immunogenic peptides in historical influenza viruses. This provides insight into the population context in which influenza viruses emerge and may help inform immunogenic peptide selection for cytotoxic T-cell lymphocytes (CTL)-inducing influenza vaccines. Next-generation vaccines capable of eliciting CD8+ T-cell-mediated cross-protective immunity may offer a long-term alternative strategy for influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Komadina
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheena G Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin Leder
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Services, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jodie McVernon
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Epidemiology Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Modelling and Simulation Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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38
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Isakova-Sivak I, Stepanova E, Mezhenskaya D, Matyushenko V, Prokopenko P, Sychev I, Wong PF, Rudenko L. Influenza vaccine: progress in a vaccine that elicits a broad immune response. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1097-1112. [PMID: 34348561 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1964961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The licensed seasonal influenza vaccines predominantly induce neutralizing antibodies against immunodominant hypervariable epitopes of viral surface proteins, with limited protection against antigenically distant influenza viruses. Strategies have been developed to improve vaccines' performance in terms of broadly reactive and long-lasting immune response induction. AREAS COVERED We have summarized the advancements in the development of cross-protective influenza vaccines and discussed the challenges in evaluating them in preclinical and clinical trials. Here, the literature regarding the current stage of development of universal influenza vaccine candidates was reviewed. EXPERT OPINION Although various strategies aim to redirect adaptive immune responses from variable immunodominant to immunosubdominant antigens, more conserved epitopes are being investigated. Approaches that improve antibody responses to conserved B cell epitopes have increased the protective efficacy of vaccines within a subtype or phylogenetic group of influenza viruses. Vaccines that elicit significant levels of T cells recognizing highly conserved viral epitopes possess a high cross-protective potential and may cover most circulating influenza viruses. However, the development of T cell-based universal influenza vaccines is challenging owing to the diversity of MHCs in the population, unpredictable degree of immunodominance, lack of adequate animal models, and difficulty in establishing T cell immunity in humans. ABBREVIATIONS cHA: chimeric HA; HBc: hepatitis B virus core protein; HA: hemagglutinin; HLA: human leucocyte antigen; IIV: inactivated influenza vaccine; KLH: keyhole limpet hemocyanin; LAH: long alpha helix; LAIV: live attenuated influenza vaccine; M2e: extracellular domain of matrix 2 protein; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; mRNA: messenger ribonucleic acid; NA: neuraminidase; NS1: non-structural protein 1; qNIV: quadrivalent nanoparticle influenza vaccine; TRM: tissue-resident memory T cells; VE: vaccine effectiveness; VLP: virus-like particles; VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department Of Virology, Institute Of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Stepanova
- Department Of Virology, Institute Of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Mezhenskaya
- Department Of Virology, Institute Of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Department Of Virology, Institute Of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina Prokopenko
- Department Of Virology, Institute Of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan Sychev
- Department Of Virology, Institute Of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pei-Fong Wong
- Department Of Virology, Institute Of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department Of Virology, Institute Of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract
Influenza viruses are one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in humans and their newly emerging and re-emerging virus strains are responsible for seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics, leading to a serious threat to global public health systems. The poor clinical outcome and pathogenesis during influenza virus infection in humans and animal models are often associated with elevated proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines production, which is also known as hypercytokinemia or "cytokine storm", that precedes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and often leads to death. Although we still do not fully understand the complex nature of cytokine storms, the use of immunomodulatory drugs is a promising approach for treating hypercytokinemia induced by an acute viral infection, including highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review aims to discuss the immune responses and cytokine storm pathology induced by influenza virus infection and also summarize alternative experimental strategies for treating hypercytokinemia caused by influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chengjiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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40
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Bohannon CD, Ende Z, Cao W, Mboko WP, Ranjan P, Kumar A, Mishina M, Amoah S, Gangappa S, Mittal SK, Lovell JF, García‐Sastre A, Pfeifer BA, Davidson BA, Knight P, Sambhara S. Influenza Virus Infects and Depletes Activated Adaptive Immune Responders. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100693. [PMID: 34189857 PMCID: PMC8373117 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Influenza infections cause several million cases of severe respiratory illness, hospitalizations, and hundreds of thousands of deaths globally. Secondary infections are a leading cause of influenza's high morbidity and mortality, and significantly factored into the severity of the 1918, 1968, and 2009 pandemics. Furthermore, there is an increased incidence of other respiratory infections even in vaccinated individuals during influenza season. Putative mechanisms responsible for vaccine failures against influenza as well as other respiratory infections during influenza season are investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are used from influenza vaccinated individuals to assess antigen-specific responses to influenza, measles, and varicella. The observations made in humans to a mouse model to unravel the mechanism is confirmed and extended. Infection with influenza virus suppresses an ongoing adaptive response to vaccination against influenza as well as other respiratory pathogens, i.e., Adenovirus and Streptococcus pneumoniae by preferentially infecting and killing activated lymphocytes which express elevated levels of sialic acid receptors. These findings propose a new mechanism for the high incidence of secondary respiratory infections due to bacteria and other viruses as well as vaccine failures to influenza and other respiratory pathogens even in immune individuals due to influenza viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D. Bohannon
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)CDC Fellowship ProgramOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Zachary Ende
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE)CDC Fellowship ProgramOak RidgeTN37831USA
| | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | - Wadzanai P. Mboko
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for InflammationImmunologyand Infectious DiseasePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | - Amrita Kumar
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | - Margarita Mishina
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Influenza DivisionCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA30329USA
| | | | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute for InflammationImmunologyand Infectious DiseasePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Adolfo García‐Sastre
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of MedicineDivision of Infectious DiseasesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- The Tisch Cancer InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Blaine A. Pfeifer
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Bruce A. Davidson
- Department of AnesthesiologyJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical SciencesSchool of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
- Research ServiceVeterans AdministrationWestern New York Healthcare SystemBuffaloNY14215USA
| | - Paul Knight
- Department of AnesthesiologyJacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical SciencesState University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY14260USA
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Gu Y, Zuo X, Zhang S, Ouyang Z, Jiang S, Wang F, Wang G. The Mechanism behind Influenza Virus Cytokine Storm. Viruses 2021; 13:1362. [PMID: 34372568 PMCID: PMC8310017 DOI: 10.3390/v13071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are still a serious threat to human health. Cytokines are essential for cell-to-cell communication and viral clearance in the immune system, but excessive cytokines can cause serious immune pathology. Deaths caused by severe influenza are usually related to cytokine storms. The recent literature has described the mechanism behind the cytokine-storm network and how it can exacerbate host pathological damage. Biological factors such as sex, age, and obesity may cause biological differences between different individuals, which affects cytokine storms induced by the influenza virus. In this review, we summarize the mechanism behind influenza virus cytokine storms and the differences in cytokine storms of different ages and sexes, and in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.O.); (S.J.)
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (S.Z.); (Z.O.); (S.J.)
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42
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Chen J, Wang J, Zhang J, Ly H. Advances in Development and Application of Influenza Vaccines. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711997. [PMID: 34326849 PMCID: PMC8313855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens that can cause severe symptoms and has the potential to cause high number of deaths and great economic loss. Vaccination is still the best option to prevent influenza virus infection. Different types of influenza vaccines, including live attenuated virus vaccines, inactivated whole virus vaccines, virosome vaccines, split-virion vaccines and subunit vaccines have been developed. However, they have several limitations, such as the relatively high manufacturing cost and long production time, moderate efficacy of some of the vaccines in certain populations, and lack of cross-reactivity. These are some of the problems that need to be solved. Here, we summarized recent advances in the development and application of different types of influenza vaccines, including the recent development of viral vectored influenza vaccines. We also described the construction of other vaccines that are based on recombinant influenza viruses as viral vectors. Information provided in this review article might lead to the development of safe and highly effective novel influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jiehuang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jipei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, United States
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Burton TD, Eyre NS. Applications of Deep Mutational Scanning in Virology. Viruses 2021; 13:1020. [PMID: 34071591 PMCID: PMC8227372 DOI: 10.3390/v13061020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recently developed high-throughput techniques have changed the field of molecular virology. For example, proteomics studies reveal complete interactomes of a viral protein, genome-wide CRISPR knockout and activation screens probe the importance of every single human gene in aiding or fighting a virus, and ChIP-seq experiments reveal genome-wide epigenetic changes in response to infection. Deep mutational scanning is a relatively novel form of protein science which allows the in-depth functional analysis of every nucleotide within a viral gene or genome, revealing regions of importance, flexibility, and mutational potential. In this review, we discuss the application of this technique to RNA viruses including members of the Flaviviridae family, Influenza A Virus and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. We also briefly discuss the reverse genetics systems which allow for analysis of viral replication cycles, next-generation sequencing technologies and the bioinformatics tools that facilitate this research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas S. Eyre
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
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Wilden JJ, Jacob JC, Ehrhardt C, Ludwig S, Boergeling Y. Altered Signal Transduction in the Immune Response to Influenza Virus and S. pneumoniae or S. aureus Co-Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5486. [PMID: 34067487 PMCID: PMC8196994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a well-known respiratory pathogen, which still leads to many severe pulmonary infections in the human population every year. Morbidity and mortality rates are further increased if virus infection coincides with co-infections or superinfections caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This enhanced pathogenicity is due to complex interactions between the different pathogens and the host and its immune system and is mainly governed by altered intracellular signaling processes. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the innate and adaptive immune responses during co-infection with influenza virus and S. pneumoniae or S. aureus, describing the signaling pathways involved and how these interactions influence disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine J. Wilden
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.J.W.); (J.C.J.); (S.L.)
| | - Jasmin C. Jacob
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.J.W.); (J.C.J.); (S.L.)
- CiM-IMPRS, The Joined Graduate School of the Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, University of Muenster and the International Max Planck Research School—Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Christina Ehrhardt
- Section of Experimental Virology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.J.W.); (J.C.J.); (S.L.)
- “Cells in Motion Interfaculty Center (CIMIC)”, WWU Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Yvonne Boergeling
- Institute of Virology Muenster (IVM), Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; (J.J.W.); (J.C.J.); (S.L.)
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Smail SW, Saeed M, Twana Alkasalias, Khudhur ZO, Younus DA, Rajab MF, Abdulahad WH, Hussain HI, Niaz K, Safdar M. Inflammation, immunity and potential target therapy of SARS-COV-2: A total scale analysis review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 150:112087. [PMID: 33640537 PMCID: PMC7905385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a complex disease that causes illness ranging from mild to severe respiratory problems. It is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) that is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) virus belongs to coronavirus CoV family. It has a fast-spreading potential worldwide, which leads to high mortality regardless of lows death rates. Now some vaccines or a specific drug are approved but not available for every country for disease prevention and/or treatment. Therefore, it is a high demand to identify the known drugs and test them as a possible therapeutic approach. In this critical situation, one or more of these drugs may represent the only option to treat or reduce the severity of the disease, until some specific drugs or vaccines will be developed and/or approved for everyone in this pandemic. In this updated review, the available repurpose immunotherapeutic treatment strategies are highlighted, elucidating the crosstalk between the immune system and SARS-CoV-2. Despite the reasonable data availability, the effectiveness and safety of these drugs against SARS-CoV-2 needs further studies and validations aiming for a better clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukur Wasman Smail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq; Department of Biology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Twana Alkasalias
- Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, Knowledge University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; General Directorate for Scientific Research Center, Salahaddin University- Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhikal Omar Khudhur
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Science, Tishk International University - Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Delan Ameen Younus
- General Directorate for Scientific Research Center, Salahaddin University- Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Mustafa Fahmi Rajab
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Wayel Habib Abdulahad
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Hafiz Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kamal Niaz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Bio-Sciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences-63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
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Khorramdelazad H, Kazemi MH, Najafi A, Keykhaee M, Zolfaghari Emameh R, Falak R. Immunopathological similarities between COVID-19 and influenza: Investigating the consequences of Co-infection. Microb Pathog 2021; 152:104554. [PMID: 33157216 PMCID: PMC7607235 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a global public health emergency since December 2019, and so far, more than 980,000 people (until September 24, 2020) around the world have died. SARS-CoV-2 mimics the influenza virus regarding methods and modes of transmission, clinical features, related immune responses, and seasonal coincidence. Accordingly, co-infection by these viruses is imaginable because some studies have reported several cases with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection. Given the importance of the mentioned co-infection and the coming influenza season, it is essential to recognize the similarities and differences between the symptoms, immunopathogenesis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. Therefore, we reviewed the virology, clinical features, and immunopathogenesis of both influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 and evaluated outcomes in cases with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Kazemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Najafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Keykhaee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Zolfaghari Emameh
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), 14965/161, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kwak C, Nguyen QT, Kim J, Kim TH, Poo H. Influenza Chimeric Protein (3M2e-3HA2-NP) Adjuvanted with PGA/Alum Confers Cross-Protection against Heterologous Influenza A Viruses. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:304-316. [PMID: 33263336 PMCID: PMC9705887 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2011.11029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza virus infections. However, conventional vaccines based on hemagglutinin (HA) have to be annually updated because the HA of influenza viruses constantly mutates. In this study, we produced a 3M2e-3HA2-NP chimeric protein as a vaccine antigen candidate using an Escherichia coli expression system. The vaccination of chimeric protein (15 μg) conferred complete protection against A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1; PR8) in mice. It strongly induced influenza virus-specific antibody responses, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. To spare the dose and enhance the cross-reactivity of the chimeric, we used a complex of poly-γ-glutamic acid and alum (PGA/alum) as an adjuvant. PGA/alum-adjuvanted, low-dose chimeric protein (1 or 5 μg) exhibited higher cross-protective effects against influenza A viruses (PR8, CA04, and H3N2) compared with those of chimeric alone or alum-adjuvanted proteins in vaccinated mice. Moreover, the depletion of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cells reduced the survival rate and efficacy of the PGA/alum-adjuvanted chimeric protein. Collectively, the vaccination of PGA/alum-adjuvanted chimeric protein induced strong protection efficacy against homologous and heterologous influenza viruses in mice, which suggests that it may be a promising universal influenza vaccine candidate.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Alum Compounds/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cross Reactions
- Female
- Hemagglutinins, Viral
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/administration & dosage
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/genetics
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology
- Polyglutamic Acid/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Viral Matrix Proteins/administration & dosage
- Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Viral Matrix Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewon Kwak
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Quyen Thi Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoo Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea
| | - Haryoung Poo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 344, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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48
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Rowntree LC, Chua BY, Nicholson S, Koutsakos M, Hensen L, Douros C, Selva K, Mordant FL, Wong CY, Habel JR, Zhang W, Jia X, Allen L, Doolan DL, Jackson DC, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Amanat F, Krammer F, Subbarao K, Cheng AC, Chung AW, Catton M, Nguyen THO, van de Sandt CE, Kedzierska K. Robust correlations across six SARS-CoV-2 serology assays detecting distinct antibody features. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1258. [PMID: 33680466 PMCID: PMC7916820 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As the world transitions into a new era of the COVID-19 pandemic in which vaccines become available, there is an increasing demand for rapid reliable serological testing to identify individuals with levels of immunity considered protective by infection or vaccination. METHODS We used 34 SARS-CoV-2 samples to perform a rapid surrogate virus neutralisation test (sVNT), applicable to many laboratories as it circumvents the need for biosafety level-3 containment. We correlated results from the sVNT with five additional commonly used SARS-CoV-2 serology techniques: the microneutralisation test (MNT), in-house ELISAs, commercial Euroimmun- and Wantai-based ELISAs (RBD, spike and nucleoprotein; IgG, IgA and IgM), antigen-binding avidity, and high-throughput multiplex analyses to profile isotype, subclass and Fc effector binding potential. We correlated antibody levels with antibody-secreting cell (ASC) and circulatory T follicular helper (cTfh) cell numbers. RESULTS Antibody data obtained with commercial ELISAs closely reflected results using in-house ELISAs against RBD and spike. A correlation matrix across ten measured ELISA parameters revealed positive correlations for all factors. The frequency of inhibition by rapid sVNT strongly correlated with spike-specific IgG and IgA titres detected by both commercial and in-house ELISAs, and MNT titres. Multiplex analyses revealed strongest correlations between IgG, IgG1, FcR and C1q specific to spike and RBD. Acute cTfh-type 1 cell numbers correlated with spike and RBD-specific IgG antibodies measured by ELISAs and sVNT. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive analyses provide important insights into SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity across distinct serology assays and their applicability for specific research and/or diagnostic questions to assess SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Global Station for Zoonosis ControlGlobal Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryThe Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Celia Douros
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryThe Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Kevin Selva
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Jennifer R Habel
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Xiaoxiao Jia
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Lily Allen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Centre for Molecular TherapeuticsAustralian Institute of Tropical Health & MedicineJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Global Station for Zoonosis ControlGlobal Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
- Infectious Diseases DepartmentMelbourne Sexual Health CentreAlfred HealthCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of MicrobiologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology UnitAlfred HealthMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Mike Catton
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference LaboratoryThe Royal Melbourne Hospital at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Thi HO Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Department of HematopoiesisSanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
- Global Station for Zoonosis ControlGlobal Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)Hokkaido UniversitySapporoHokkaidoJapan
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49
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Carniel BF, Marcon F, Rylance J, German EL, Zaidi S, Reiné J, Negera E, Nikolaou E, Pojar S, Solórzano C, Collins AM, Connor V, Bogaert D, Gordon SB, Nakaya HI, Ferreira DM, Jochems SP, Mitsi E. Pneumococcal colonization impairs mucosal immune responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141088. [PMID: 33497364 PMCID: PMC7934923 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infections affect millions of people annually, and current available vaccines provide varying rates of protection. However, the way in which the nasal microbiota, particularly established pneumococcal colonization, shape the response to influenza vaccination is not yet fully understood. In this study, we inoculated healthy adults with live Streptococcuspneumoniae and vaccinated them 3 days later with either tetravalent-inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) or live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV). Vaccine-induced immune responses were assessed in nose, blood, and lung. Nasal pneumococcal colonization had no impact upon TIV-induced antibody responses to influenza, which manifested in all compartments. However, experimentally induced pneumococcal colonization dampened LAIV-mediated mucosal antibody responses, primarily IgA in the nose and IgG in the lung. Pulmonary influenza-specific cellular responses were more apparent in the LAIV group compared with either the TIV or an unvaccinated group. These results indicate that TIV and LAIV elicit differential immunity to adults and that LAIV immunogenicity is diminished by the nasal presence of S. pneumoniae. Therefore, nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization may affect LAIV efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz F Carniel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Marcon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Esther L German
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Seher Zaidi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jesus Reiné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edessa Negera
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sherin Pojar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Solórzano
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea M Collins
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Connor
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie Bogaert
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stephen B Gordon
- Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paolo, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Jochems
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Mitsi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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50
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Directed attenuation to enhance vaccine immunity. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008602. [PMID: 33524036 PMCID: PMC7877766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viral infections can be prevented by immunizing with live, attenuated vaccines. Early methods of attenuation were hit-and-miss, now much improved by genetic engineering. However, even current methods operate on the principle of genetic harm, reducing the virus’s ability to grow. Reduced viral growth has the undesired side-effect of reducing the host immune response below that of infection with wild-type. Might some methods of attenuation instead lead to an increased immune response? We use mathematical models of the dynamics of virus with innate and adaptive immunity to explore the tradeoff between attenuation of virus pathology and immunity. We find that modification of some virus immune-evasion pathways can indeed reduce pathology yet enhance immunity. Thus, attenuated vaccines can, in principle, be directed to be safe yet create better immunity than is elicited by the wild-type virus. Live attenuated virus vaccines are among the most effective interventions to combat viral infections. Historically, the mechanism of attenuation has involved genetically reducing the viral growth rate, often achieved by adapting the virus to grow in a novel condition. More recent attenuation methods use genetic engineering but also are thought to impair viral growth rate. These classical attenuations typically result in a tradeoff whereby attenuation depresses the within-host viral load and pathology (which is beneficial to vaccine design), but reduces immunity (which is not beneficial). We use models to explore ways of directing the attenuation of a virus to avoid this tradeoff. We show that directed attenuation by interfering with (some) viral immune-evasion pathways can yield a mild infection but elicit higher levels of immunity than of the wild-type virus.
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