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Liu L, Hao S, Gou S, Tang X, Zhang Y, Cai D, Xiao M, Zhang X, Zhang D, Shen J, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Deng S, Wu X, Li M, Zhang Z, Xiao Z, Du F. Potential applications of dual haptoglobin expression in the reclassification and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Res 2024; 272:19-40. [PMID: 38815898 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
HCC is a malignancy characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Traditional classifications of HCC primarily rely on tumor morphology, phenotype, and multicellular molecular levels, which may not accurately capture the cellular heterogeneity within the tumor. This study integrates scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to spotlight HP as a critical gene within a subgroup of HCC malignant cells. HP is highly expressed in HCC malignant cells and lowly expressed in T cells. Within malignant cells, elevated HP expression interacts with C3, promoting Th1-type responses via the C3/C3AR1 axis. In T cells, down-regulating HP expression favors the expression of Th1 cell-associated marker genes, potentially enhancing Th1-type responses. Consequently, we developed a "HP-promoted Th1 response reclassification" gene set, correlating higher activity scores with improved survival rates in HCC patients. Additionally, four predictive models for neoadjuvant treatment based on HP and C3 expression were established: 1) Low HP and C3 expression with high Th2 cell infiltration; 2) High HP and low C3 expression with high Th2 cell infiltration; 3) High HP and C3 expression with high Th1 cell infiltration; 4) Low HP and high C3 expression with high Th1 cell infiltration. In conclusion, the HP gene selected from the HCC malignant cell subgroup (Malignant_Sub 6) might serve as a potential ally against the tumor by promoting Th1-type immune responses. The establishment of the "HP-promoted Th1 response reclassification" gene set offers predictive insights for HCC patient survival prognosis and neoadjuvant treatment efficacy, providing directions for clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Siyu Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuang Gou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mintao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Duoli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China.
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Charan M, Jones TH, Ahirwar DK, Acharya N, Subramaniam VV, Ganju RK, Song JW. Induced electric fields inhibit breast cancer growth and metastasis by modulating the immune tumor microenvironment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.14.589256. [PMID: 38659909 PMCID: PMC11042207 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.14.589256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in oncology, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer remains difficult to treat and manage with established therapies. Here, we show in mice with orthotopic triple-negative breast tumors that alternating (100 kHz), and low intensity (<1 mV/cm) induced electric fields (iEFs) significantly reduced primary tumor growth and distant lung metastases. Non-contact iEF treatment can be delivered safely and non-invasively in vivo via a hollow, rectangular solenoid coil. We discovered that iEF treatment enhances anti-tumor immune responses at both the primary breast and secondary lung sites. In addition, iEF reduces immunosuppressive TME by reducing effector CD8+ T cell exhaustion and the infiltration of immunosuppressive immune cells. Furthermore, iEF treatment reduced lung metastasis by increasing CD8+ T cells and reducing immunosuppressive Gr1+ neutrophils in the lung microenvironment. We also observed that iEFs reduced the metastatic potential of cancer cells by inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. By introducing a non-invasive and non-toxic electrotherapeutic for inhibiting metastatic outgrowth and enhancing anti-tumor immune response in vivo, treatment with iEF technology could add to a paradigm-shifting strategy for cancer therapy.
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Tuluwengjiang G, Rasulova I, Ahmed S, Kiasari BA, Sârbu I, Ciongradi CI, Omar TM, Hussain F, Jawad MJ, Castillo-Acobo RY, Hani T, Lakshmaiya N, Samaniego SSC. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (Dex): Underlying the role of exosomes derived from diverse DC subtypes in cancer pathogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155097. [PMID: 38277745 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanometric membrane vesicles of late endosomal origin that are released by most, if not all, cell types as a sophisticated means of intercellular communication. They play an essential role in the movement of materials and information between cells, transport a variety of proteins, lipids, RNA, and other vital data, and over time, they become an essential part of the drug delivery system and a marker for the early detection of many diseases. Dendritic cells have generated interest in cancer immunotherapy due to their ability to initiate and modify effective immune responses. Apart from their cytokine release and direct interactions with other cell types, DCs also emit nanovesicles, such as exosomes, that contribute to their overall activity. Numerous studies have demonstrated exosomes to mediate and regulate immune responses against cancers. Dendritic cell-derived exosomes (DCs) have attracted a lot of attention as immunotherapeutic anti-cancer treatments since it was found that they contain functional MHC-peptide complexes along with a variety of other immune-stimulating components that together enable immune cell-dependent tumor rejection. By enhancing tumor and immunosuppressive immune cells or changing a pro-inflammatory milieu to inhibit tumor advancement, exosomes generated from dendritic cells can initiate and support tumor growth. This study reviewed the immunogenicity of dendritic cell-derived exosomes and strategies for expanding their immunogenic potential as novel and effective anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irodakhon Rasulova
- Senior Researcher, School of Humanities, Natural & Social Sciences, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave., Tashkent, 100007, Uzbekistan; Department of Public Health, Samarkand State Medical University, Amir Temur street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
| | - Shamim Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Microbiology & Immunology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ioan Sârbu
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
| | - Carmen Iulia Ciongradi
- 2nd Department of Surgery-Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania.
| | - Thabit Moath Omar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Farah Hussain
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq
| | | | | | - Thamer Hani
- Dentistry Department, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Shbeer AM. Current state of knowledge and challenges for harnessing the power of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155025. [PMID: 38147726 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
DCs have great promise for cancer immunotherapy and are essential for coordinating immune responses. In the battle against cancer, using DCs' ability to stimulate the immune system and focus it on tumor cells has shown to be a viable tactic. This study offers a thorough summary of recent developments as well as potential future paths for DC-based immunotherapy against cancer. This study reviews the many methods used in DC therapy, such as vaccination and active cellular immunotherapy. The effectiveness and safety of DC-based treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and non-small cell lung cancer are highlighted in these investigations. The findings indicate longer survival times and superior results for particular patient groups. We are aware of the difficulties and restrictions of DC-based immunotherapy, though. These include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, the intricacy of DC production, and the heterogeneity within DC populations. More study and development are needed to overcome these challenges to enhance immunological responses, optimize treatment regimens, and increase scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Shbeer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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Pinheiro AV, Petrucci GN, Dourado A, Pires I. Anaesthesia in Veterinary Oncology: The Effects of Surgery, Volatile and Intravenous Anaesthetics on the Immune System and Tumour Spread. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3392. [PMID: 37958147 PMCID: PMC10648213 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout the course of oncological disease, the majority of patients require surgical, anaesthetic and analgesic intervention. However, during the perioperative period, anaesthetic agents and techniques, surgical tissue trauma, adjuvant drugs for local pain and inflammation and other non-pharmacological factors, such as blood transfusions, hydration, temperature and nutrition, may influence the prognosis of the disease. These factors significantly impact the oncologic patient's immune response, which is the primary barrier to tumour progress, promoting a window of vulnerability for its dissemination and recurrence. More research is required to ascertain which anaesthetics and techniques have immunoprotective and anti-tumour effects, which will contribute to developing novel anaesthetic strategies in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vidal Pinheiro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Gonçalo N. Petrucci
- Onevetgroup Hospital Veterinário do Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal;
- Center for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School (EUVG), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amândio Dourado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
- Onevetgroup Hospital Veterinário do Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (A.D.); (I.P.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Markov OV, Sen’kova AV, Mohamed IS, Shmendel EV, Maslov MA, Oshchepkova AL, Brenner EV, Mironova NL, Zenkova MA. Dendritic Cell-Derived Artificial Microvesicles Inhibit RLS 40 Lymphosarcoma Growth in Mice via Stimulation of Th1/Th17 Immune Response. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112542. [PMID: 36432733 PMCID: PMC9696603 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free antitumor vaccines represent a promising approach to immunotherapy of cancer. Here, we compare the antitumor potential of cell-free vaccines based on microvesicles derived from dendritic cells (DCs) with DC- and cationic-liposome-based vaccines using a murine model of drug-resistant lymphosarcoma RLS40 in vivo. The vaccines were the following: microvesicle vaccines—cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles (CIMVs) obtained from DCs loaded with total tumor RNA using cholesterol/spermine-containing cationic liposomes L or mannosylated liposomes ML; DC vaccines—murine DCs loaded with total tumor-derived RNA using the same liposomes; and liposomal vaccines—lipoplexes of total tumor-derived RNA with liposomes L or ML. Being non-hepatotoxic, CIMV- and DC-based vaccines administered subcutaneously exhibited comparable potential to stimulate highly efficient antitumor CTLs in vivo, whereas liposomal vaccines were 25% weaker CTL inducers. Nevertheless, the antitumor efficiencies of the different types of the vaccines were similar: sizes of tumor nodes and the number of liver metastases were significantly decreased, regardless of the vaccine type. Notably, the booster vaccination did not improve the overall antitumor efficacy of the vaccines under the study. CIMV- and DC- based vaccines more efficiently than liposome-based ones decreased mitotic activity of tumor cells and induced their apoptosis, stimulated accumulation of neutrophil inflammatory infiltration in tumor tissue, and had a more pronounced immunomodulatory activity toward the spleen and thymus. Administration of CIMV-, DC-, and liposome-based vaccines resulted in activation of Th1/Th17 cells as well as the induction of positive immune checkpoint 4-1BBL and downregulation of suppressive immune checkpoints in a raw PD-1 >>> TIGIT > CTLA4 > TIM3. We demonstrated that cell-free CIMV-based vaccines exhibited superior antitumor and antimetastatic activity in a tumor model in vivo. The obtained results can be considered as the basis for developing novel strategies for oncoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Markov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-363-51-61
| | - Aleksandra V. Sen’kova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Islam S. Mohamed
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Shmendel
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo Ave. 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Maslov
- M.V. Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadskogo Ave. 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya L. Oshchepkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V. Brenner
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda L. Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina A. Zenkova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentieva Ave. 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Wang S, Chen Y, Ling Z, Li J, Hu J, He F, Chen Q. The role of dendritic cells in the immunomodulation to implanted biomaterials. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:52. [PMCID: PMC9636170 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the substantial role played by dendritic cells (DCs) in the immune system to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, studies on DC-mediated immunity toward biomaterials principally center on their adjuvant effects in facilitating the adaptive immunity of codelivered antigens. However, the effect of the intrinsic properties of biomaterials on dendritic cells has not been clarified. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate and found that biomaterials that are nonadjuvant could also regulate the immune function of DCs and thus affect subsequent tissue regeneration. In the case of proteins adsorbed onto biomaterial surfaces, their intrinsic properties can direct their orientation and conformation, forming “biomaterial-associated molecular patterns (BAMPs)”. Thus, in this review, we focused on the intrinsic physiochemical properties of biomaterials in the absence of antigens that affect DC immune function and summarized the underlying signaling pathways. Moreover, we preliminarily clarified the specific composition of BAMPs and the interplay between some key molecules and DCs, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This review provides a new direction for future biomaterial design, through which modulation of host immune responses is applicable to tissue engineering and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Yanqi Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Zhaoting Ling
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jia Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jun Hu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Fuming He
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Qianming Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
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Zhao L, Zhang S, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Liu P. Dendritic cell transfer for cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 370:33-64. [PMID: 35798506 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in cancer immunosurveillance as they bridge innate and adaptive immunity by detecting tumor-associated antigens and presenting them to T lymphocytes. The adoptive transfer of antigen loaded DCs has been proposed as an immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of various types of cancer. Nevertheless, despite promising preclinical data, the therapeutic efficacy of DC transfer is still deceptive in cancer patients. Here we summarize recent findings in DC biology with a special focus on the development of actionable therapeutic strategies and discuss experimental and clinical approaches that aim at improving the efficacy of DC-based immunotherapies, including, but not limited to, optimized DC production and antigen loading, stimulated maturation, the co-treatment with additional immunotherapies, as well as the inhibition of DC checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhao
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Institut du Cancer Paris Carpem, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, APHP, Paris, France.
| | - Peng Liu
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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Thakkar D, Paliwal S, Dharmadhikari B, Guan S, Liu L, Kar S, Tulsian NK, Gruber JJ, DiMascio L, Paszkiewicz KH, Ingram PJ, D Boyd-Kirkup J. Rationally targeted anti-VISTA antibody that blockades the C-C' loop region can reverse VISTA immune suppression and remodel the immune microenvironment to potently inhibit tumor growth in an Fc independent manner. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e003382. [PMID: 35131861 PMCID: PMC8823246 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant progress in cancer immunotherapy in recent years, resistance to existing immune checkpoint therapies (ICT) is common. V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), a predominantly myeloid immune checkpoint regulator, represents a promising therapeutic target due to its role in suppressing proinflammatory antitumor responses in myeloid-enriched tumor microenvironments. However, uncertainty around the cognate VISTA ligand has made the development of effective anti-VISTA antibodies challenging. The expression of VISTA on normal immune cell subtypes argues for a neutralizing non-depleting antibody, however, previous reported anti-VISTA antibodies use IgG1 Fc isotypes that deplete VISTA+ cells by antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity/complement dependent cytotoxicity and these antibodies have shown fast serum clearance and immune toxicities. METHOD Here we used a rational antibody discovery approach to develop the first Fc-independent anti-VISTA antibody, HMBD-002, that binds a computationally predicted functional epitope within the C-C-loop, distinct from other known anti-VISTA antibodies. This epitope is species-conserved allowing robust in vitro and in vivo testing of HMBD-002 in human and murine models of immune activation and cancer including humanized mouse models. RESULTS We demonstrate here that blockade by HMBD-002 inhibits VISTA binding to potential partners, including V-Set and Immunoglobulin domain containing 3, to reduce myeloid-derived suppression of T cell activity and prevent neutrophil migration. Analysis of immune cell milieu suggests that HMBD-002 treatment stimulates a proinflammatory phenotype characterized by a Th1/Th17 response, recapitulating a phenotype previously noted in VISTA knockout models. This mechanism of action is further supported by immune-competent syngenic and humanized mouse models of colorectal, breast and lung cancer where neutralizing VISTA, without depleting VISTA expressing cells, significantly inhibited tumor growth while decreasing infiltration of suppressive myeloid cells and increasing T cell activity. Finally, we did not observe either the fast serum clearance or immune toxicities that have been reported for IgG1 antibodies. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we have shown that VISTA-induced immune suppression can be reversed by blockade of the functional C-C' loop region of VISTA with a first-in-class rationally targeted and non-depleting IgG4 isotype anti-VISTA antibody, HMBD-002. This antibody represents a highly promising novel therapy in the VISTA-suppressed ICT non-responder population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Thakkar
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shalini Paliwal
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Siyu Guan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lillian Liu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shreya Kar
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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10
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Liu Z, Hosomi K, Shimoyama A, Yoshii K, Sun X, Lan H, Wang Y, Yamaura H, Kenneth D, Saika A, Nagatake T, Kiyono H, Fukase K, Kunisawa J. Chemically Synthesized Alcaligenes Lipid A as an Adjuvant to Augment Immune Responses to Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Conjugate Vaccine. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:763657. [PMID: 34744743 PMCID: PMC8569242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified Alcaligenes spp. as a commensal bacterium that resides in lymphoid tissues, including Peyer’s patches. We found that Alcaligenes-derived lipopolysaccharide acted as a weak agonist of Toll-like receptor four due to the unique structure of lipid A, which lies in the core of lipopolysaccharide. This feature allowed the use of chemically synthesized Alcaligenes lipid A as a safe synthetic vaccine adjuvant that induces Th17 polarization to enhance systemic IgG and respiratory IgA responses to T-cell–dependent antigens (e.g., ovalbumin and pneumococcal surface protein A) without excessive inflammation. Here, we examined the adjuvant activity of Alcaligenes lipid A on a Haemophilus influenzae B conjugate vaccine that contains capsular polysaccharide polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP), a T-cell–independent antigen, conjugated with the T-cell–dependent tetanus toxoid (TT) antigen (i.e., PRP-TT). When mice were subcutaneously immunized with PRP alone or mixed with TT, Alcaligenes lipid A did not affect PRP-specific IgG production. In contrast, PRP-specific serum IgG responses were enhanced when mice were immunized with PRP-TT, but these responses were impaired in similarly immunized T-cell—deficient nude mice. Furthermore, TT-specific—but not PRP-specific—T-cell activation occurred in mice immunized with PRP-TT together with Alcaligenes lipid A. In addition, coculture with Alcaligenes lipid A promoted significant proliferation of and enhanced antibody production by B cells. Together, these findings suggest that Alcaligenes lipid A exerts an adjuvant activity on thymus-independent Hib polysaccharide antigen in the presence of a T-cell–dependent conjugate carrier antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilai Liu
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Ken Yoshii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Xiao Sun
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Huangwenxian Lan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yunru Wang
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Haruki Yamaura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Davie Kenneth
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Azusa Saika
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nagatake
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, United States.,Chiba University (CU)-UCSD Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), UCSD, San Diego, CA, United States.,Future Medicine Education and Research Organization, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Mucosal Immunology, IMSUT Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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11
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Bocheńska K, Moskot M, Gabig-Cimińska M. Use of Cytokine Mix-, Imiquimod-, and Serum-Induced Monoculture and Lipopolysaccharide- and Interferon Gamma-Treated Co-Culture to Establish In Vitro Psoriasis-like Inflammation Models. Cells 2021; 10:2985. [PMID: 34831208 PMCID: PMC8616089 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis (Ps), commonly perceived as a skin and joint disorder, has a complex basis and results from disturbances in the sophisticated network between skin and the immune system. This makes it difficult to properly depict the complete pathomechanism on an in vitro scale. Deciphering the complicated or even subtle modulation of intra- and intercellular factors, assisted by the implementation of in vitro human skin models, may provide the opportunity to dissect the disease background step by step. In addition to reconstructed artificial skin substitutes, which mimic the native physiological context, in vitro models are conducive to the broad "3 Rs" philosophy (reduce, refine, and replace) and represent important tools for basic and applied skin research. To meet the need for a more comprehensive in vitro Ps model, a set of various experimental conditions was applied in this study. The selection of in vitro treatment that mimicked the Ps phenotype was illustrated by analyses of discriminating biomarker genes involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, i.e., keratinocyte differentiation markers, antimicrobial peptides, chemokines, and proliferation markers. This resulted in a reproducible protocol for the use of the primary skin keratinocyte (pKC) monoculture treated with a cytokine cocktail (5MIX, i.e., interleukin (IL) 1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-17A, IL-22, oncostatin M (OSM), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)) at a calcium (Ca2+) concentration (i.e., 2 mM) in an applied medium, which best mirrored the in vitro Ps-like inflammatory model. In addition, based on waste skin material, the method has the potential for extensive experimentation, both in detailed molecular studies and preclinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bocheńska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Marta Moskot
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Human Skin Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Human Skin Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland
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12
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Dendritic Cells and Antiphospholipid Syndrome: An Updated Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080801. [PMID: 34440545 PMCID: PMC8400181 DOI: 10.3390/life11080801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoreactive B and T cells against β2-glycoprotein I (B2GPI), with vascular thrombosis or obstetrical complications. Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial in the generation of autoimmunity. Here, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review on the relationship between DC and APS. We performed a literature search of PubMed as of 26 March 2021. A total of 33 articles were extracted. DCs are pivotal in inducing inflammatory responses and orchestrating adaptive immunity. DCs contribute to the local inflammation regarding vascular thrombosis or obstetrical complications. Both B2GPI and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) can promote antigen presentation by DCs and the generation or maintenance of autoimmunity. In addition, plasmacytoid DC activation is enhanced by aPL, thereby augmenting the inflammatory response. In line with these findings, DC modulation appears promising as a future treatment for APS. In conclusion, our review indicated the crucial role of DCs in the pathogenesis of APS. Deeper understanding of the complex relationship would help in developing new treatment strategies.
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13
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Liu X, Shi GP, Guo J. Innate Immune Cells in Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659666. [PMID: 34368120 PMCID: PMC8343105 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload and heart failure are among the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory cell activation and release of inflammatory mediators are of vital importance during the pathogenesis of these cardiac diseases. Yet, the roles of innate immune cells and subsequent inflammatory events in these processes remain poorly understood. Here, we outline the possible underlying mechanisms of innate immune cell participation, including mast cells, macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and natural killer T cells in these pathological processes. Although these cells accumulate in the atrium or ventricles at different time points after pressure overload, their cardioprotective or cardiodestructive activities differ from each other. Among them, mast cells, neutrophils, and dendritic cells exert detrimental function in experimental models, whereas eosinophils and natural killer T cells display cardioprotective activities. Depending on their subsets, macrophages and monocytes may exacerbate cardiodysfunction or negatively regulate cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Pressure overload stimulates the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors from innate immune cells and even resident cardiomyocytes that together assist innate immune cell infiltration into injured heart. These infiltrates are involved in pro-hypertrophic events and cardiac fibroblast activation. Immune regulation of cardiac innate immune cells becomes a promising therapeutic approach in experimental cardiac disease treatment, highlighting the significance of their clinical evaluation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Junli Guo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research & Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of the First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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14
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Zhang LY, Zhang JG, Yang X, Cai MH, Zhang CW, Hu ZM. Targeting Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment for the Prevention of Hepatic Cancer: Applications of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Targeted Delivery. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2789-2800. [PMID: 33076809 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666201019111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is one of the ancient and most accepted alternative medicinal systems in the world for the treatment of health ailments. World Health Organization recognizes TCM as one of the primary healthcare practices followed across the globe. TCM utilizes a holistic approach for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) surrounds cancer cells and plays pivotal roles in tumor development, growth, progression, and therapy resistance. TME is a hypoxic and acidic environment that includes immune cells, pericytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, various cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components. Targeting TME using targeted drug delivery and nanoparticles is an attractive strategy for the treatment of solid tumors and recently has received significant research attention under precise medicine concept. TME plays a pivotal role in the overall survival and metastasis of a tumor by stimulating cell proliferation, preventing the tumor clearance by the immune cells, enhancing the oncogenic potential of the cancer cells, and promoting tumor invasion. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the major causes of cancer-associated deaths affecting millions of individuals worldwide each year. TCM herbs contain several bioactive phytoconstituents with a broad range of biological, physiological, and immunological effects on the system. Several TCM herbs and their monomers have shown inhibitory effects in HCC by controlling the TME. This study reviews the fundamentals and applications of targeting strategies for immunosuppressing TME to treat cancers. This study focuses on TME targeting strategies using TCM herbs and the molecular mechanisms of several TCM herbs and their monomers on controlling TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chun’an First People’s Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun’an
Branch), Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Gang Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Mao-Hua Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Chun’an First People’s Hospital (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Chun’an
Branch), Hangzhou 311700, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ming Hu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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15
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Basu A, Ramamoorthi G, Albert G, Gallen C, Beyer A, Snyder C, Koski G, Disis ML, Czerniecki BJ, Kodumudi K. Differentiation and Regulation of T H Cells: A Balancing Act for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669474. [PMID: 34012451 PMCID: PMC8126720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current success of immunotherapy in cancer has drawn attention to the subsets of TH cells in the tumor which are critical for activation of anti-tumor response either directly by themselves or by stimulating cytotoxic T cell activity. However, presence of immunosuppressive pro-tumorigenic TH subsets in the tumor milieu further contributes to the complexity of regulation of TH cell-mediated immune response. In this review, we present an overview of the multifaceted positive and negative effects of TH cells, with an emphasis on regulation of different TH cell subtypes by various immune cells, and how a delicate balance of contradictory signals can influence overall success of cancer immunotherapy. We focus on the regulatory network that encompasses dendritic cell-induced activation of CD4+ TH1 cells and subsequent priming of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, along with intersecting anti-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic TH2 cell activity. We further discuss how other tumor infiltrating immune cells such as immunostimulatory TH9 and Tfh cells, immunosuppressive Treg cells, and the duality of TH17 function contribute to tip the balance of anti- vs pro-tumorigenic TH responses in the tumor. We highlight the developing knowledge of CD4+ TH1 immune response against neoantigens/oncodrivers, impact of current immunotherapy strategies on CD4+ TH1 immunity, and how opposing action of TH cell subtypes can be explored further to amplify immunotherapy success in patients. Understanding the nuances of CD4+ TH cells regulation and the molecular framework undergirding the balancing act between anti- vs pro-tumorigenic TH subtypes is critical for rational designing of immunotherapies that can bypass therapeutic escape to maximize the potential of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Gabriella Albert
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Corey Gallen
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Amber Beyer
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Colin Snyder
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Gary Koski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Mary L Disis
- UW Medicine Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brian J Czerniecki
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Breast Cancer Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Krithika Kodumudi
- Clinical Science Division, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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16
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Boroughs AC, Larson RC, Marjanovic ND, Gosik K, Castano AP, Porter CBM, Lorrey SJ, Ashenberg O, Jerby L, Hofree M, Smith-Rosario G, Morris R, Gould J, Riley LS, Berger TR, Riesenfeld SJ, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Choi BD, Regev A, Maus MV. A Distinct Transcriptional Program in Human CAR T Cells Bearing the 4-1BB Signaling Domain Revealed by scRNA-Seq. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2577-2592. [PMID: 32755564 PMCID: PMC7704462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 have produced impressive outcomes for the treatment of B cell malignancies, but different products vary in kinetics, persistence, and toxicity profiles based on the co-stimulatory domains included in the CAR. In this study, we performed transcriptional profiling of bulk CAR T cell populations and single cells to characterize the transcriptional states of human T cells transduced with CD3ζ, 4-1BB-CD3ζ (BBζ), or CD28-CD3ζ (28ζ) co-stimulatory domains at rest and after activation by triggering their CAR or their endogenous T cell receptor (TCR). We identified a transcriptional signature common across CARs with the CD3ζ signaling domain, as well as a distinct program associated with the 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain at rest and after activation. CAR T cells bearing BBζ had increased expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes, ENPP2, and interleukin (IL)-21 axis genes, and decreased PD1 compared to 28ζ CAR T cells. Similar to previous studies, we also found BBζ CAR CD8 T cells to be enriched in a central memory cell phenotype and fatty acid metabolism genes. Our data uncovered transcriptional signatures related to costimulatory domains and demonstrated that signaling domains included in CARs uniquely shape the transcriptional programs of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Boroughs
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca C Larson
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nemanja D Marjanovic
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kirk Gosik
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ana P Castano
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Caroline B M Porter
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Selena J Lorrey
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Livnat Jerby
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matan Hofree
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Robert Morris
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Joshua Gould
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren S Riley
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Trisha R Berger
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Samantha J Riesenfeld
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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17
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Vogt A, Constantinou A, Rancan F, Ghoreschi K, Blume-Peytavi U, Combadiere B. A niche in the spotlight: Could external factors critically disturb hair follicle homeostasis and contribute to inflammatory hair follicle diseases? Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1080-1087. [PMID: 33090548 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The anatomy of the hair follicle and the dynamics of its barrier provide a special space for interactions between macromolecules and the underlying tissue. Translocation across the hair follicle epithelium and immune recognition have been confirmed for proteins, nucleic acids, engineered particles, virus particles and others. Tissue responses can be modulated by pro-inflammatory stimuli as demonstrated in penetration and transcutaneous immunization studies. Even under physiological conditions, hair follicle openings are filled with exogenous material ranging from macromolecules, engineered particles to natural particles including diverse communities of microbes. The exposed position of the infundibulum suggests that local inflammatory insults could disturb the finely tuned balance and may trigger downstream responses that initiate or facilitate local outbreaks of inflammatory hair diseases typically occurring in close spatial association with the infundibulum as observed in cicatricial alopecia. The question as to how microbial colonization or deposition of contaminants on the surface of the hair follicle epithelium interact with the barrier status under the influence of individual predisposition, may help us understand local flare-ups of inflammatory hair diseases. Specifically, learning more about skin barrier alterations in the different types of inflammatory hair diseases and cross-talk with exogenous compounds could give new insights in this less explored aspect of hair follicle homeostasis. Such knowledge may not only be used to develop supportive measures to maintain a healthy scalp. It may have wider implications for our understanding on how external factors influence inflammation and immunological responses in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Vogt
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), Centre, Paris, France
| | - Andria Constantinou
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fiorenza Rancan
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Behazine Combadiere
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), Centre, Paris, France
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18
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Abrahem R, Chiang E, Haquang J, Nham A, Ting YS, Venketaraman V. The Role of Dendritic Cells in TB and HIV Infection. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082661. [PMID: 32824563 PMCID: PMC7465216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are the principal antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the host defense mechanism. An altered dendritic cell response increases the risk of susceptibility of infections, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), and the survival of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The altered response of dendritic cells leads to decreased activity of T-helper-1 (Th1), Th2, Regulatory T cells (Tregs), and Th17 cells in tuberculosis (TB) infections due to a diminishment of cytokine release from these APCs, while HIV infection leads to DC maturation, allowing DCs to migrate to lymph nodes and the sub-mucosa where they then transfer HIV to CD4 T cells, although there is controversy around this topic. Increases in the levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) plays a critical role in maintaining dendritic cell redox homeostasis, leading to an adequate immune response with sufficient cytokine release and a subsequent robust immune response. Thus, an understanding of the intricate pathways involved in the dendritic cell response are needed to prevent co-infections and co-morbidities in individuals with TB and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Abrahem
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Emerald Chiang
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Joseph Haquang
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Amy Nham
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Yu-Sam Ting
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (R.A.); (E.C.); (J.H.); (A.N.); (Y.-S.T.)
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-706-3736; Fax: +1-909-469-5698
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19
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Liu DQ, Lu S, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Ji M, Liu XG, Yu Z, Liu RT. A biomimetic yeast shell vaccine coated with layered double hydroxides induces a robust humoral and cellular immune response against tumors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3494-3506. [PMID: 36134256 PMCID: PMC9419453 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00249f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing both the humoral and cellular immune response for tumor vaccination remains a challenge. Inspired by natural pathogen structures, we took β-glucan particles derived from a baker's yeast cell shell (YS) as a vaccine carrier and danger signal for dendritic cells (DCs), and coated the YS with catanionic layered double hydroxides (LDH) by electrostatic adsorption to form a biomimetic yeast cell particle (YSL). Our experimental results showed that the YSL vaccine efficiently targeted antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and remarkably enhanced antigen cross-presentation, and strongly improved the activation and maturation of DCs. Moreover, the YSL vaccine elicited an extremely high antibody titer and strong antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte together with mixed Th1/Th17 cellular immune responses and induced marked prophylactic and therapeutic effects against E.G7-OVA tumors in mouse models. These results suggest that YSL, integrating a yeast shell to mimic natural pathogens and LDH with high antigen-loading capacity and lysosome escape, is a promising tumor vaccine platform for rapid, effective and strong induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100190 China +86 10 82545025 +86 10 82545017
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shuai Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100190 China +86 10 82545025 +86 10 82545017
| | - Lun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100190 China +86 10 82545025 +86 10 82545017
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Ling-Xiao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100190 China +86 10 82545025 +86 10 82545017
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Mei Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100190 China +86 10 82545025 +86 10 82545017
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiao-Ge Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100190 China +86 10 82545025 +86 10 82545017
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Changping District Beijing. 102218 China +86 10 56118500 +86 10 56119544
| | - Rui-Tian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Haidian District Beijing 100190 China +86 10 82545025 +86 10 82545017
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20
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Ex vivo pulsed dendritic cell vaccination against cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:959-969. [PMID: 32366940 PMCID: PMC7470877 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most powerful antigen-presenting cell type, dendritic cells (DCs) can induce potent antigen-specific immune responses in vivo, hence becoming optimal cell population for vaccination purposes. DCs can be derived ex vivo in quantity and manipulated extensively to be endowed with adequate immune-stimulating capacity. After pulsing with cancer antigens in various ways, the matured DCs are administrated back into the patient. DCs home to lymphoid organs to present antigens to and activate specific lymphocytes that react to a given cancer. Ex vivo pulsed DC vaccines have been vigorously investigated for decades, registering encouraging results in relevant immunotherapeutic clinical trials, while facing some solid challenges. With more details in DC biology understood, new theory proposed, and novel technology introduced (featuring recently emerged mRNA vaccine technology), it is becoming increasingly likely that ex vivo pulsed DC vaccine will fulfill its potential in cancer immunotherapy.
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21
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Bekić M, Tomić S, Rudolf R, Milanović M, Vučević D, Anžel I, Čolić M. The Effect of Stabilisation Agents on the Immunomodulatory Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244121. [PMID: 31835366 PMCID: PMC6947030 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been investigated extensively as drug carriers in tumour immunotherapy in combination with photothermal therapy. For this purpose, GNPs should be stabilised in biological fluids. The goal of this study was to examine how stabilisation agents influence cytotoxicity and immune response in vitro. Spherical GNPs, 20 nm in size, were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP). Three types of stabilising agents were used: sodium citrate (SC), polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), and poly-ethylene glycol (PEG). Pristine, non-stabilised GNPs were used as a control. The culture models were mouse L929 cells, B16F10 melanoma cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs), obtained from healthy donors. Control SC- and PEG-GNPs were non-cytotoxic at concentrations (range 1–100 µg/mL), in contrast to PVP-GNPs, which were cytotoxic at higher concentrations. Control GNPs inhibited the production of IFN-ϒ slightly, and augmented the production of IL-10 by PHA-stimulated PBMNC cultures. PEG-GNPs inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) and Th1-related cytokines (IFN-ϒ and IL-12p70), and increased the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5). SC-PEG inhibited the production of IL-8 and IL-17A. In contrast, PVP-GNPs stimulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Th1 cytokines, and IL-17A, but also IL-10. When uptake of GNPs by monocytes/macrophages in PBMNC cultures was analysed, the ingestion of PEG- GNPs was significantly lower compared to SC- and PVP-GNPs. In conclusion, stabilisation agents modulate biocompatibility and immune response significantly, so their adequate choice for preparation of GNPs is an important factor when considering the use of GNPs for application in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bekić
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Rebeka Rudolf
- Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (R.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Marijana Milanović
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense in Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Dragana Vučević
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense in Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (D.V.)
| | - Ivan Anžel
- Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (R.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Institute for Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.); (S.T.)
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense in Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (D.V.)
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Hercegovina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-219-3194
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22
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Xia X, Zhu L, Lei Z, Song Y, Tang F, Yin Z, Wang J, Huang J. Feruloylated Oligosaccharides Alleviate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9522-9531. [PMID: 31379161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets substantially conduces to disturbed intestinal immune system and succeeding colonic tissue damage in inflammatory bowel diseases. It is considered that regulation of phytochemicals on cytokine production potentially provides a broad prospect for the exploitation of immunomodulatory agents. Here, we reported that oral administration of feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) effectively alleviated mice colitis disease induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). FOs decreased the percentage of T helper (Th)17 cells and downregulated the production of Th17-specific cytokines. In contrast, FOs increased the percentage of regulatory T (Treg) cells and elevated the production of Treg-specific cytokines in colons of DSS-challenged mice. These results indicated that FOs restored the immunologic equilibrium of Th17 and Treg subsets, hereby ameliorating the deterioration of colitis. Furthermore, FOs diminished the secretion of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-6 but enhanced the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in dendritic cells in vitro and in vivo, which contributed to the restoration of Th17 and Treg cells immune balance. The mechanistic analysis showed that the regulation of FOs on IL-23 and IL-6 was associated with the nuclear factor-κ-gene binding signaling pathway and TGF-β1 with mitogen-activated protein kinase-activator protein 1 signaling pathway. Taken together, oral administration of FOs exerted potent immunomodulatory effects against mice colitis via restoring the immune balance of Th17 and Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Leqing Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Zhiwei Lei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
- Department of Basic Medical Research , The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qing Yuan People's Hospital , Qingyuan , Guangdong 511518 , China
| | - Yueqi Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Fen Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Biomedical Translational Research Institute and School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Zhao Yin
- Formula-pattern Research Center, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , China
| | - Junqing Huang
- Formula-pattern Research Center, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510632 , China
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23
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Eckert F, Schilbach K, Klumpp L, Bardoscia L, Sezgin EC, Schwab M, Zips D, Huber SM. Potential Role of CXCR4 Targeting in the Context of Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy of Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3018. [PMID: 30622535 PMCID: PMC6308162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been established as standard of care in different tumor entities. After the first reports on synergistic effects with radiotherapy and the induction of abscopal effects-tumor shrinkage outside the irradiated volume attributed to immunological effects of radiotherapy-several treatment combinations have been evaluated. Different immunotherapy strategies (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibition, vaccination, cytokine based therapies) have been combined with local tumor irradiation in preclinical models. Clinical trials are ongoing in different cancer entities with a broad range of immunotherapeutics and radiation schedules. SDF-1 (CXCL12)/CXCR4 signaling has been described to play a major role in tumor biology, especially in hypoxia adaptation, metastasis and migration. Local tumor irradiation is a known inducer of SDF-1 expression and release. CXCR4 also plays a major role in immunological processes. CXCR4 antagonists have been approved for the use of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization from the bone marrow. In addition, several groups reported an influence of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis on intratumoral immune cell subsets and anti-tumor immune response. The aim of this review is to merge the knowledge on the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 in tumor biology, radiotherapy and immunotherapy of cancer and in combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Eckert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin Schilbach
- Department of General Pediatrics/Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Klumpp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lilia Bardoscia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Efe Cumhur Sezgin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University Hospital and University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stephan M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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24
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Wang J, Wu G, Manick B, Hernandez V, Renelt M, Erickson C, Guan J, Singh R, Rollins S, Solorz A, Bi M, Li J, Grabowski D, Dirkx J, Tracy C, Stuart T, Ellinghuysen C, Desmond D, Foster C, Kalabokis V. VSIG-3 as a ligand of VISTA inhibits human T-cell function. Immunology 2018; 156:74-85. [PMID: 30220083 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B7 family members and their receptors play a central role in the regulation of T-cell responses through T-cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition pathways that constitute attractive targets for the development of immunotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we report that VSIG-3/IGSF11 is a ligand of B7 family member VISTA/PD-1H and inhibits human T-cell functions through a novel VSIG-3/VISTA pathway. An extensive functional ELISA binding screening assay reveals that VSIG-3 binds to the new B7 family member VISTA but does not interact with other known members of the B7 family. Under the same experimental conditions, we did not observe any significant interaction between VSIG-8 and VISTA. In addition, VSIG-3 inhibits human T-cell proliferation in the presence of T-cell receptor signaling. Furthermore, VSIG-3 significantly reduces cytokine and chemokine production by human T cells including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17, CCL5/Rantes, CCL3/MIP-1α, and CXCL11/I-TAC. Anti-VISTA neutralization antibodies attenuate the binding of VSIG-3 and VISTA, as well as VSIG-3-induced T-cell inhibition. Hence, we have identified a novel ligand for VISTA that is able to inhibit human T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. This unique VSIG-3/VISTA co-inhibitory pathway may provide new strategies for the treatment of human cancers, autoimmune disorders, infection, and transplant rejection and may aid in the design of better vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wang
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Guoping Wu
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian Manick
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vida Hernandez
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark Renelt
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christian Erickson
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joanna Guan
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Simone Rollins
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alicia Solorz
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ming Bi
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Grabowski
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Janette Dirkx
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Camrin Tracy
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Stuart
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chad Ellinghuysen
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Desmond
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Craig Foster
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vassilios Kalabokis
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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25
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Zhu W, Li S, Wang C, Yu G, Prausnitz MR, Wang BZ. Enhanced Immune Responses Conferring Cross-Protection by Skin Vaccination With a Tri-Component Influenza Vaccine Using a Microneedle Patch. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1705. [PMID: 30105019 PMCID: PMC6077188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin vaccination using biodegradable microneedle patch (MNP) technology in vaccine delivery is a promising strategy showing significant advantages over conventional flu shots. In this study, we developed an MNP encapsulating a 4M2e-tFliC fusion protein and two types of whole inactivated influenza virus vaccines (H1N1 and H3N2) as a universal vaccine candidate. We demonstrated that mice receiving this tri-component influenza vaccine via MNP acquired improved IgG1 antibody responses with more balanced IgG1/IgG2a antibody responses and enhanced cellular immune responses, including increased populations of IL-4 and IFN-γ producing cells and higher frequencies of antigen-specific plasma cells compared with intramuscular injection. In addition, stronger germinal center reactions, increased numbers of Langerin-positive migratory dendritic cells, and increased cytokine secretion were observed in the skin-draining lymph nodes after immunization with the tri-component influenza MNP vaccine. The MNP-immunized group also possessed enhanced protection against a heterologous reassortant A/Shanghai/2013 H7N9 (rSH) influenza virus infection. Furthermore, the sera collected from 4M2e-tFliC MNP-immunized mice were demonstrated to have antiviral efficacy against reassortant A/Vietnam/1203/2004 H5N1 (rVet) and A/Shanghai/2013 H7N9 (rSH) virus challenges. The immunological advantages of skin vaccination with this tri-component MNP vaccine could offer a promising approach to develop an easily applicable and broadly protective universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Song Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Guoying Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, United States
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26
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Dobrovolskienė N, Pašukonienė V, Darinskas A, Kraśko JA, Žilionytė K, Mlynska A, Gudlevičienė Ž, Mišeikytė-Kaubrienė E, Schijns V, Lubitz W, Kudela P, Strioga M. Tumor lysate-loaded Bacterial Ghosts as a tool for optimized production of therapeutic dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines. Vaccine 2018; 36:4171-4180. [PMID: 29895501 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy with dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines has been used to treat various malignancies for more than two decades, however generally showed a limited clinical success. Among various factors responsible for their modest clinical activity is the lack of universally applied, standardized protocols for the generation of clinical-grade DC vaccines, capable of inducing effective anti-tumor immune responses. We investigated Bacterial Ghosts (BGs) - empty envelopes of Gram-negative bacteria - as a tool for optimized production of DC vaccines. BGs possess various intact cell surface structures, exhibiting strong adjuvant properties required for the induction of DC maturation, whereas their empty internal space can be easily filled with a source tumor antigens, e.g. tumor lysate. Hence BGs emerge as an excellent platform for both the induction of immunogenic DC maturation and loading with tumor antigens in a single-step procedure. We compared the phenotype, cytokine secretion profile, functional activity and ability to induce immunogenic T-cell responses in vitro of human monocyte-derived DCs generated using BG platform and DCs matured with widely used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-γ cocktail and loaded with tumor lysate. Both approaches induced DC maturation, however BG-based protocol was superior to LPS-based protocol in terms of the ability to induce DCs with a lower tolerogenic potential, resulting in a more robust CD8+ T cell activation and their functional activity as well as significantly lower induction of regulatory T cells. These superior parameters are attributed, at least in part, to the ability of BG-matured DCs to resist potential immunosuppressive and pro-tolerogenic activity of various tumor cell lysates, including melanoma, renal carcinoma and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dobrovolskienė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - V Pašukonienė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - A Darinskas
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; JSC "Froceth", Linkmenų g. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J A Kraśko
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; JSC "Froceth", Linkmenų g. 28, LT-08217 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - K Žilionytė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - A Mlynska
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Ž Gudlevičienė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - E Mišeikytė-Kaubrienė
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V Schijns
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; Epitopoietic Research Corporation (ERC), ERC-The Netherlands, 5374 RE Schaijk, The Netherlands.
| | - W Lubitz
- BIRD-C GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Bohrgasse 2-8/14/1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
| | - P Kudela
- BIRD-C GmbH & Co KG, Dr. Bohrgasse 2-8/14/1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Strioga
- National Cancer Institute, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M.K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Ahmadi M, Sadri-Ardalani F, Amiri MM, Jeddi-Tehrani M, Shabani M, Shokri F. Immunization with HER2 extracellular subdomain proteins induces cellular response and tumor growth inhibition in mice. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:511-524. [PMID: 29562854 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We investigated cellular and protective immune responses in mice vaccinated with recombinant HER2 extracellular subdomains. MATERIALS & METHODS Balb/C mice were immunized with recombinant full HER2 extracellular domain and subdomain proteins. Humoral and cellular immune response and antitumor effect was evaluated using a syngeneic mice tumor model. RESULTS All recombinant proteins induced secretion of IL-4 and particularly IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokines. Challenging of immunized mice with stable 4T1-HER2 transfected cells resulted in partial but significant tumor growth inhibition in all groups of mice particularly those immunized with fHER2-ECD together with CPG. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the recombinant HER2-ECD subdomains induce mainly Th1 and Th17 responses, which seem to contribute to tumor growth inhibition in syngeneic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Sadri-Ardalani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Amiri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Kim WS, Kim H, Kwon KW, Im SH, Lee BR, Ha SJ, Shin SJ. Cisplatin induces tolerogenic dendritic cells in response to TLR agonists via the abundant production of IL-10, thereby promoting Th2- and Tr1-biased T-cell immunity. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33765-82. [PMID: 27172902 PMCID: PMC5085117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many advantageous roles of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), CDDP) have been reported in cancer therapy, the immunomodulatory roles of cisplatin in the phenotypic and functional alterations of dendritic cells (DCs) are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of cisplatin on the functionality of DCs and the changes in signaling pathways activated upon toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Cisplatin-treated DCs down-regulated the expression of cell surface molecules (CD80, CD86, MHC class I and II) and up-regulated endocytic capacity in a dose-dependent manner. Upon stimulation with various TLR agonists, cisplatin-treated DCs showed markedly increased IL-10 production through activation of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways without altering the levels of TNF-α and IL-12p70, indicating the cisplatin-mediated induction of tolerogenic DCs. This effect was dependent on the production of IL-10 from DCs, as neither DCs isolated from IL-10−/− mice nor IL-10-neutralized DCs generated tolerogenic DCs. Interestingly, DCs that were co-treated with cisplatin and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exhibited a decreased immunostimulatory capacity for inducing the proliferation of Th1- and Th17-type T cells; instead, these DCs contributed to Th2-type T cell immunity. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo investigations revealed a unique T cell population, IL-10-producing CD3+CD4+LAG-3+CD49b+CD25−Foxp3− Tr1 cells, that was significantly increased without altering the Foxp3+ regulatory T cell population. Taken together, our results suggest that cisplatin induces immune-suppressive tolerogenic DCs in TLR agonist-induced inflammatory conditions via abundant IL-10 production, thereby skewing Th cell differentiation towards Th2 and Tr1 cells. This relationship may provide cancer cells with an opportunity to evade the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology (IBB), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Bo Ryeong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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29
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Tomić S, Janjetović K, Mihajlović D, Milenković M, Kravić-Stevović T, Marković Z, Todorović-Marković B, Spitalsky Z, Micusik M, Vučević D, Čolić M, Trajković V. Graphene quantum dots suppress proinflammatory T cell responses via autophagy-dependent induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells. Biomaterials 2017; 146:13-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Arsenijevic M, Milovanovic M, Jovanovic S, Arsenijevic N, Markovic BS, Gazdic M, Volarevic V. In vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of selected platinum(IV) and dinuclear platinum(II) complexes against lung cancer cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:807-817. [PMID: 28421385 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, cytotoxic effects of cisplatin, the most usually used chemotherapeutic agent, were compared with new designed platinum(IV) ([PtCl4(en)] (en = ethylenediamine) and [PtCl4(dach)]) (dach = (±)-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane) and platinum(II) complexes ([{trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl}2(μ-pyrazine)](ClO4)2 (Pt1), [{trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl}2(μ-4,4'-bipyridyl)](ClO4)2DMF(Pt2),[{trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl}2(μ-1,2-bis(4pyridyl)ethane)](ClO4)2 (Pt3)), in vitro and in vivo against human and murine lung cancer cells, to determine anti-tumor potential of newly synthesized platinum-based drugs in the therapy of lung cancer. Results obtained by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide], Lactate dehydrogenase and Annexin V/Propidium Iodide assays showed that, among all tested complexes, [PtCl4(en)] had the highest cytotoxicity against human and murine lung carcinoma cells in vitro. [PtCl4(en)] showed significantly higher cytotoxicity then cisplatin in all tested concentrations, mainly by inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. [PtCl4(en)] was well tolerated in vivo. Clinical signs of [PtCl4(en)]-induced toxicity, such as changes in food, water consumption or body weight, nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity was not observed in [PtCl4(en)]-treated mice. [PtCl4(en)] managed to increase presence of CD45+ leukocytes, including F4/80+ macrophages, CD11c+ dendritic cells, CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in the lungs, cytotoxic NK, NKT and CTLs in the spleens of tumor bearing mice, resulting with reduction of metastatic lesions in the lungs, indicating its potential to stimulate anti-tumor immune response in vivo. Due to its anti-tumor cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and potential for stimulation of anti-tumor immune response, [PtCl4(en)] may be a good candidate for further testing in the field of medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Arsenijevic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Snezana Jovanovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Natalija Arsenijevic
- Department for Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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31
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Huang Z, Gan J, Long Z, Guo G, Shi X, Wang C, Zang Y, Ding Z, Chen J, Zhang J, Dong L. Targeted delivery of let-7b to reprogramme tumor-associated macrophages and tumor infiltrating dendritic cells for tumor rejection. Biomaterials 2016; 90:72-84. [PMID: 26994345 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Both tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) are important components in the tumor microenvironment that mediate tumor immunosuppression and promote cancer progression. Targeting these cells and altering their phenotypes may become a new strategy to recover their anti-tumor activities and thereby restore the local immune surveillance against tumor. In this study, we constructed a nucleic acid delivery system for the delivery of let-7b, a synthetic microRNA mimic. Our carrier has an affinity for the mannose receptors on TAMs/TIDCs and is responsive to the low-pH tumor microenvironment. The delivery of let-7b could reactivate TAMs/TIDCs by acting as a TLR-7 agonist and suppressing IL-10 production in vitro. In a breast cancer mouse model, let-7b delivered by this system efficiently reprogrammed the functions of TAMs/TIDCs, reversed the suppressive tumor microenvironment, and inhibited tumor growth. Taken together, this strategy, designed based upon TAMs/TIDCs-targeting delivery and the dual biological functions of let-7b (TLR-7 ligand and IL-10 inhibitor), may provide a new approach for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jingjing Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ziyan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Guangxing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xiafei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yuhui Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Wing AC, Hygino J, Ferreira TB, Kasahara TM, Barros PO, Sacramento PM, Andrade RM, Camargo S, Rueda F, Alves‐Leon SV, Vasconcelos CC, Alvarenga R, Bento CAM. Interleukin-17- and interleukin-22-secreting myelin-specific CD4(+) T cells resistant to corticoids are related with active brain lesions in multiple sclerosis patients. Immunology 2016; 147:212-20. [PMID: 26781085 PMCID: PMC4717237 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an autoimmune disorder. It is believed that immunological events in the early stages have great impact on the disease course. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the cytokine profile of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells from MS patients in the early phase of the disease and correlate it to clinical parameters, as well as to the effect of in vitro corticoid treatment. Peripheral T cells from MS patients were stimulated with MBP with our without hydrocortisone for 5 days. The cytokines level were determined by ELISA. The number of active brain lesions was determined by MRI scans, and the neurological disabilities were assessed by Expanded Disability Status Scale scores. Our results demonstrated that MS-derived T cells responded to MBP by producing high levels of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 cytokines. Although the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-17 and IL-22 was less sensitive to hydrocortisone inhibition, only IL-17 and IL-22 levels correlated with active brain lesions. The ability of hydrocortisone to inhibit IL-17 and IL-22 production by MBP-specific CD4(+) T cells was inversely related to the number of active brain lesions. Finally, the production of both cytokines was significantly higher in cell cultures from Afrodescendant patients and it was less sensitive to hydrocortisone inhibition. In summary, our data suggest that IL-17- and IL-22-secreting CD4(+) T cells resistant to corticoids are associated with radiological activity of the MS in early stages of the disease, mainly among Afrodescendant patients who, normally, have worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Wing
- Post‐graduate Programme in NeurologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Joana Hygino
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Thais B. Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Taissa M. Kasahara
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Priscila O. Barros
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Priscila M. Sacramento
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Regis M. Andrade
- Department of General MedicineFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Fernanda Rueda
- Clinical Diagnosis by Image/Barra da Tijuca UnityRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Soniza V. Alves‐Leon
- Post‐graduate Programme in NeurologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Regina Alvarenga
- Post‐graduate Programme in NeurologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Cleonice A. M. Bento
- Post‐graduate Programme in NeurologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Department of Microbiology and ParasitologyFederal University of the State of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
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33
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Pavlović B, Tomić S, Đokić J, Vasilijić S, Vučević D, Lukić J, Gruden-Movsesijan A, Ilić N, Marković M, Čolić M. Fast dendritic cells matured with Poly (I:C) may acquire tolerogenic properties. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1763-76. [PMID: 26455276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Because of the labor-intensive and time-consuming conventional protocols for the generation of dendritic cells (DCs) as the most promising tools for anti-cancer therapy that enable the induction of a T-helper (Th)1-mediated anti-tumor immune response, the use of short-term protocols has been proposed. However, data on the applicability of such protocols in cancer immunotherapy are quite limited. METHODS We compared the phenotypic and functional capability of fast DCs (fDCs) differentiated for 24 h and then matured for 48 h with Poly (I:C), a strong Th1-promoting agent, with donor-matched conventional DCs (cDCs) differentiated for 5 days and matured likewise. RESULTS Of 12 donors tested, we identified seven whose monocytes failed to develop into immunogenic DCs through the use of fDC protocol, on the basis of incomplete downregulation of CD14, low expression of CD1a and macrophage-like morphology. Such fDCs have significantly lower expression of CD83, CD86, CCR7 and CD40, weaker allo-stimulatory Th1- and Th17-polarizing capacity caused by poor production of interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-23 and high production of IL-10, and prominent Th2-polarizing capacity, compared with donor-matched cDCs. Furthermore, such fDCs had tolerogenic properties as judged by higher expression of indolamine dioxigenase-3, IDO-1 and IL-1β and induction of a higher percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells. These findings correlated with increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-β production by fDC-primed CD3(+)T cells and their stronger anti-proliferative capacity. CONCLUSIONS We emphasize that although fDCs could probably be applied as an alternative to cDCs for cancer therapy, the fDC protocol should not be applied to donors whose DCs acquire tolerogenic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Pavlović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Vasilijić
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vučević
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovanka Lukić
- Institute for Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nataša Ilić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Marković
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
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34
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Patel SP, Osada T, Lyerly HK, Morse MA. Designing effective vaccines for colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy 2015; 6:913-26. [PMID: 25313570 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving long-term control of colorectal cancers with therapeutic vaccines that generate potent anti-tumor T cell and antibody responses has been a goal for more than two decades. To date, clinical trials of these vaccines have demonstrated induction of immune responses, but clinical benefit has been limited. Improved vector delivery systems with enhanced immunostimulatory properties, decreased immunogenicity against vector and improved antigen presentation are some of the key features of modern tumor vaccines. Furthermore, an improved understanding of the various immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment and regional lymph nodes, coupled with a burgeoning ability to impair inhibitory immune synapses, highlights a growing opportunity to induce beneficial antigen-specific responses against tumor. The combination of improved antigenic delivery systems, coupled with therapeutic immune activation, represents state-of-the-art colorectal vaccine design concepts with the goal of augmenting immune responses against tumor and improving clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip P Patel
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Immunotherapy Program, 3855 Health Sciences Drive #0987, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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35
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Ferreira TB, Barros PO, Teixeira B, Cassano T, Centurião N, Kasahara TM, Hygino J, Vasconcelos CCF, Filho HA, Alvarenga R, Wing AC, Andrade RM, Andrade AF, Bento CAM. Dopamine favors expansion of glucocorticoid-resistant IL-17-producing T cells in multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 41:182-90. [PMID: 24882215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter produced mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) that has immunomodulatory actions on T cells. As the multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been regarded as an autoimmune disease of CNS mediated by T cells, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of DA on in vitro functional status of T cells from relapsing-remitting (RR)-MS patients. Peripheral T-cells from RR-MS patients were activated by mitogens and cell proliferation and cytokine production were assayed by [(3)H]-thymidine uptake and ELISA, respectively. Our results demonstrated that DA enhanced in vitro T cell proliferation and Th17-related cytokines in MS-derived cell cultures. In addition, this catecholamine reduced Treg-related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) release by activated CD4(+) T cells. These DA-induced effects on T cells were mainly dependent on IL-6 production by both polyclonally-activated CD4(+) T cells and LPS-stimulated monocytes. Furthermore, the production of IL-17 and IL-6 by MS-derived T cells was directly related with neurological disability (EDSS score), and the release of these cytokines was less sensitive to glucocorticoid inhibition in MS patients than in control group, mainly after DA addition. In conclusion, our data suggest that DA amplifies glucocorticoid-resistant Th17 phenotype in MS patients, and this phenomenon could be, at least in part, due to its ability to induce IL-6 production by monocytes and CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais B Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila O Barros
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Teixeira
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Cassano
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Newton Centurião
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taissa M Kasahara
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joana Hygino
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Helcio Alvarenga Filho
- Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Alvarenga
- Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Wing
- Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regis M Andrade
- Department of General Medicine, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo F Andrade
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cleonice A M Bento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Post-graduate Program in Neurology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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