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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Okitale-Talunda P, Nsio-Mbeta J, Mpingabo-Ilunga P, Tshiminyi-Munkamba P, Umba-Phuati A, Kimfuta J, Ango-Phukuta F, Makindu G, Mufwaya-Nsene R, Asari R, Makimoto S, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Isono M, Makiala-Mandanda S, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ. Knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perception of COVID-19 preventive measures among adult residents of Matadi (Democratic Republic of the Congo) after the third epidemic wave. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1363717. [PMID: 39005989 PMCID: PMC11239358 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1363717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several governments from African countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), implemented stringent public health measures to curb COVID-19 transmission in the early phases of the pandemic. While these restrictive measures are believed to have contributed to lowering case incidence and related mortality in DRC, data on the population's knowledge and adherence are limited. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, attitudes, and practices of COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors among adult residents of Matadi, thereby generating evidence for a strategy adjustment as the COVID-19 response is transitioning from emergency to control status. Methods We used data from a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in October 2021. Consenting participants were enrolled through a multi-stage cluster sampling approach and administered a pre-tested structured questionnaire using a mobile application (Epicollect 5). We analyzed adult participants' data using STATA 15.1. Univariable and multivariable analyses were applied to identify factors associated with good knowledge, good perception, positive attitude and good practice. Results We included 1,269 adult respondents for the secondary analysis. One respondent in six was female. The median age was 36 years (IQR 24-50). Most respondents (76.5%) had good knowledge. Respondents aged 40-49 years and those with vocational education level were 1.7 time (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.07-2.87) and twice as likely (AOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.01-4.21) to have good knowledge. Preventive measures were perceived as efficient by 45% of respondents. Good perception was associated with education level, profession, average household monthly income and good knowledge. Only 40% of respondents had a positive attitude. A positive attitude was associated with age, education level, and good knowledge. Respondents having good practice represented 5.8%. Good practice was associated with good knowledge, attitude and perception. Conclusion Most respondents were knowledgeable, had a good perception of government-related COVID-19 preventive measures, a moderately positive attitude and an extremely low level of good practice. Current COVID-19 preventive strategies, including vaccination rollout, need adjustment into high-efficiency, context-based and risk group-specific interventions. Evidence generated by this study will improve preparedness and response to future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Munyeku-Bazitama
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Division of Global Epidemiology, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patient Okitale-Talunda
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Justus Nsio-Mbeta
- Direction de Surveillance Epidémiologique, Ministère de la Santé, Hygiène et Prévention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Patrick Mpingabo-Ilunga
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Paul Tshiminyi-Munkamba
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Aimé Umba-Phuati
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jacques Kimfuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ferdinand Ango-Phukuta
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Goethe Makindu
- Division Provinciale de Santé du Kongo Central, Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Ryoko Asari
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- Departments of Virology and Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mitsuo Isono
- Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sheila Makiala-Mandanda
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Département de Virologie, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Walldorf JA, Chiu De Vazquez C, Barbosa De Lima AC, Struminger B, Groom A, Burke L, Mayigane LN, Chang Blanc D, Vedrasco L. Sharing lessons learned from COVID-19 vaccine introductions: a global community forum for countries. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1376113. [PMID: 38807989 PMCID: PMC11130350 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1376113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
To optimize the efficient introduction and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic, in April 2021 WHO launched a new process and tools for countries to rapidly review the early phase of countries' COVID-19 vaccine introduction. This methodology is called the COVID-19 vaccination intra-action review, also known as mini COVID-19 vaccine post-introduction evaluation (mini-cPIE). As of November 2022, 46 mini-cPIEs had been conducted. In collaboration with Project ECHO, WHO convened and facilitated real-time experience sharing and peer-learning among countries following their mini-cPIEs through a virtual global real-time learning forum. This five-session clinic series was attended by 736 participants from 129 countries. Based on post-session feedback surveys, when asked about the utility of the sessions, half of the participants said that sessions led them to review national guidelines and protocols or make other changes to their health systems. The post-series survey sent following the end of the clinic series showed that at least eight countries subsequently conducted a mini-cPIE after participating in the clinics, and participants from at least nine countries indicated the experience shared by peer countries on the clinic largely benefited their COVID-19 vaccine introduction and deployment. In this article, we highlight the benefits and importance of creating a global experience-sharing forum for countries to connect and share pertinent learnings in real-time during an international public health emergency. Moving forward, it is critical to foster a culture of individual and collective learning within and between countries during public health emergencies, with WHO playing an important convening role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Anne Walldorf
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cindy Chiu De Vazquez
- Department of Health Security Preparedness, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruce Struminger
- ECHO Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Amy Groom
- ECHO Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Lauren Burke
- ECHO Institute, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Landry Ndriko Mayigane
- Department of Health Security Preparedness, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diana Chang Blanc
- Department of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Liviu Vedrasco
- Department of Health Security Preparedness, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Altare C, Kostandova N, Basadia LM, Petry M, Gankpe GF, Crockett H, Morfin NH, Bruneau S, Antoine C, Spiegel PB. COVID-19 epidemiology, health services utilisation and health care seeking behaviour during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mweso health zone, Democratic Republic of Congo. J Glob Health 2024; 14:05016. [PMID: 38665056 PMCID: PMC11047223 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although the evidence about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased exponentially since the beginning of the pandemic, less is known about the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic in humanitarian settings. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), most studies occurred in Kinshasa and other cities. Limited research was conducted in remote conflict-affected settings. We investigated the COVID-19 epidemiology, health service utilisation, and health care-seeking behaviour during the first year of the pandemic (March 2020-March 2021) in the Mweso health zone, North Kivu, DRC. Methods This mixed-methods study includes a descriptive epidemiological analysis of reported COVID-19 cases data extracted from the provincial line list, interrupted time series analysis of health service utilisation using routine health service data, qualitative perceptions of health care workers about how health services were affected, and community members' health care seeking behaviour from a representative household survey and focus group discussions. Results The COVID-19 epidemiology in North Kivu aligns with evidence reported globally, yet case fatality rates were high due to underreporting. Testing capacity was limited and initially mainly available in the province's capital. Health service utilisation showed different patterns - child measles vaccinations experienced a decrease at the beginning of the pandemic, while outpatient consultations, malaria, and pneumonia showed an increase over time. Such increases might have been driven by insecurity and population displacements rather than COVID-19. Community members continued seeking care during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic and visited the same health facilities as before COVID-19. Financial constraints, not COVID-19, were the main barrier reported to accessing health care. Conclusions The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Mweso health zone was characterised by low testing capacity and an underestimation of reported COVID-19 infections. The increase in health care utilisation should be further explored to understand the role of factors unrelated to COVID-19, such as insecurity, population displacement, and poverty, which remain major challenges to successfully providing health services and improving the population's health. Measles vaccination coverage dropped, which exacerbated the ongoing measles outbreak. Improved decentralised testing capacity will be crucial for future epidemics and enhanced efforts to maintain child vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Altare
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalya Kostandova
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda Matadi Basadia
- Health and Nutrition Department, Action Contre la Faim, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Marie Petry
- Health and Nutrition Department, Action Contre la Faim, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Gbètoho Fortuné Gankpe
- Health and Nutrition Department, Action Contre la Faim, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Hannah Crockett
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Natalia Hernandez Morfin
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie Bruneau
- Operations Department, Action Contre la Faim, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Antoine
- Technical and Advocacy Department, Action Contre la Faim, Paris, France
| | - Paul B Spiegel
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - IMPACT DRC TeamMullafirozeRoxanaLinkeJasperCecchiOlivierDasNayanaRickardKatieMushamalirwaJean-PaulRuhindaDestinLehmannNadiaAmandineMarieHenzlerElioraGallecierAudreyBesnardeauBenoitGerritsmaNoortje
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Health and Nutrition Department, Action Contre la Faim, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Operations Department, Action Contre la Faim, Paris, France
- Technical and Advocacy Department, Action Contre la Faim, Paris, France
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Atta-Osei G, Acheampong E, Gyaase D, Tawiah R, Gyaase TI, Adade R, Fofie D, Owusu I, Mprah WK. Factors associated with Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among persons with disabilities: A cross-sectional study in Ghana. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002822. [PMID: 38483893 PMCID: PMC10939259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While COVID-19 has had a wide-ranging impact on individuals and societies, persons with disabilities are uniquely affected largely due to secondary health conditions and challenges in adhering to protective measures. However, research on COVID-19 and vaccine acceptance has primarily focused on the general population and healthcare workers but has specifically not targeted PwDs, who are more vulnerable within societies. Hence, this study assessed PwDs knowledge of COVID-19 and factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PwDs in the Atwima Mponua District in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Respondents were sampled systematically and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with STATA version 16.0. Descriptive analysis was done using means and proportions. The chi-square test and Logistic regression were used to assess Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among the respondents. RESULTS 250 PwDs were recruited for the study. A higher proportion of the respondents were females, physically impaired, and between 30-50 years. The majority (74%) of the PwDs had average knowledge about Covid-19. Factors such as age, educational level and type of disability were significantly associated with PwDs' knowledge of COVID-19. The acceptance rate for COVID-19 among PwDs was 71.2%. Age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19, and educational level were significantly associated with Covid-19 vaccine acceptance. Persons with disabilities with low and average knowledge of COVID-19 were 95% and 65%, respectively, less likely to accept the vaccine compared to those with high knowledge of COVID-19 (AOR = 0.05, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.21; AOR = 0.35, 95%CI: 0.12, 1.03). Older people and those with higher education were more likely to accept the vaccine compared to younger people and those with no or less education. CONCLUSION Persons with disabilities have average knowledge of COVID-19 and a greater percentage of them were willing to accept the vaccine. The study identified age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19, and educational level as contributing factors to their willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. This suggest that PwDs will lean positive toward COVID-19 vaccine programs and as such, vaccination programs should target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfred Atta-Osei
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Enoch Acheampong
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Daniel Gyaase
- Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Barangaroo, Australia
- University of New South Wale, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Tawiah
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Theresah Ivy Gyaase
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Adade
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Douglas Fofie
- Department of Education, Akrokerri College of Education, Akrokerri, Ghana
| | - Isaac Owusu
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Wisdom Kwadwo Mprah
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Department of Health Promotion and Disability Studies, Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Kumasi, Ghana
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Aggrey-Bluwey L, Abekah-Nkrumah G. Determinants of vaccination decisions and lived experiences of Ghanaians with the COVID-19 pandemic; a qualitative study. Vaccine X 2024; 17:100463. [PMID: 38425414 PMCID: PMC10901909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Two years after the WHO declared a state of emergency as a result of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus from Wuhan, China, the rate of new infections experienced intermittent flare-ups globally, with vaccinations still ongoing in countries such as Ghana. One year after the implementation of Ghana's COVID-19 vaccine deployment program, Ghanaians have had the opportunity to reflect on their vaccination decisions, albeit the initial vaccine hesitancy. Objectives The current paper examined the knowledge and lived experiences of Ghanaians during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the factors influencing their vaccination decisions, one year after COVID-19 vaccinations commenced in Ghana, with special focus on the social and geographical histories which influenced their vaccination decisions. Methodology A qualitative approach using a case study design was used to conduct in-depth interviews among 25 respondents who were 18 years and above, not pregnant, and willing to participate in the study, between 5th and 23rd September 2022. Data was collected in 5 hotspot areas in Ghana with the highest cumulative case counts. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data which was analyzed using a thematic approach. Findings Respondents demonstrated a good level of knowledge on COVID-19 and related vaccines. Fear, panic, and anxiety were some of the experiences lived by respondents during the pandemic. The factors influencing vaccination decisions included conspiracy theories about COVID-19 and related vaccines, subjective notions about the COVID-19 disease, and subjective notions about the vaccine. The type of community one lived in, taboos, and previous successful vaccination programs in the community were geographic factors that informed respondents' decision to vaccinate or not. Social circles, religion, opinion leaders, and media-based campaigns were the social factors that influenced respondents' decision to vaccinate or not.
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Akilimali PZ, Egbende L, Kayembe DM, Kabasubabo F, Kazenza B, Botomba S, Tran NT, Mashinda DK. COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Factors Associated with Vaccine Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the City of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:188. [PMID: 38400171 PMCID: PMC10892748 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against COVID-19 has been the main strategy used by most countries to limit the spread of the virus. However, vaccine uptake has been low in Africa, leading to the implementation of several interventions in order to improve vaccine coverage. This study was conducted due to the lack of information about COVID-19 vaccine coverage and the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Kinshasa city using multi-stage random sampling. A total of 2160 households were included in this study. The data were analyzed using Stata 17 software. The means and standard deviations were computed for continuous data that followed a normal distribution, whereas proportions together with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for categorical variables. The connections between dependent variables and each independent variable were tested using either Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The logistic regression method was employed to determine the factors that are linked to hesitation in obtaining the COVID-19 immunization. The majority of respondents were aged between 25 and 34 and 35 and 49 (28.9%). During this study, 15% (95% CI [13.25-17.9]) of respondents had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 67% (CI95%:64.9-69.1). Among the reasons given for refusing to be vaccinated, most respondents cited concerns about the vaccine being unsafe or causing adverse reactions (45%). Among the reasons given for accepting the vaccine, 26% thought that the vaccine prevented superinfection. The factors associated with hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine were female gender, an age of less than 35 years, and living in non-slum households. Despite the interventions implemented across the country, the reluctance to be vaccinated remains a problem; this could lead to poor health outcomes, especially among the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions. It is important to step up awareness-raising campaigns in the community in order to increase the uptake of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Z. Akilimali
- Patrick Kayembe Research Center, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 11850, Congo; (D.M.K.); (F.K.)
- Department of Nutrition, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 11850, Congo; (L.E.); (B.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Landry Egbende
- Department of Nutrition, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 11850, Congo; (L.E.); (B.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Dynah M. Kayembe
- Patrick Kayembe Research Center, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 11850, Congo; (D.M.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Francis Kabasubabo
- Patrick Kayembe Research Center, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 11850, Congo; (D.M.K.); (F.K.)
| | - Benito Kazenza
- Department of Nutrition, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 11850, Congo; (L.E.); (B.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Steve Botomba
- Department of Nutrition, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 11850, Congo; (L.E.); (B.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Nguyen Toan Tran
- Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Désiré K. Mashinda
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa P.O. Box 11850, Congo;
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Marine BT, Mengistie DT. An Analysis of Various Factors Underlying Covid-19 Prevention Practice and Strategy in Jigjiga Town, Northeast Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:187-206. [PMID: 38283111 PMCID: PMC10813233 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s441538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19, a severe respiratory illness, is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The pandemic has devastated public health, economies, and social structures worldwide. In Ethiopia, the government and health authorities have implemented various COVID-19 prevention strategies to contain the spread of the virus. This study aims to investigates the factors influencing the implementation and effectiveness of COVID-19 prevention strategies in Jigjiga Town, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2022 to December 2022, involving 593 participants in Jigjiga town. Multi-stage sampling techniques were used, and data was collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, attitude, knowledge, prevention practices, misconceptions, and COVID-19 prevention strategies. A multivariate model was developed to control for confounding, using variables suitable for multivariate logistic regression analysis with p-values less than 0.25. A variable is considered significant in multivariable logistic regression analysis if its p-value is less than 0.05. Results The study found that only 12.2% of participants used COVID-19 prevention strategies. Those with a bachelor's degree or higher had a strong association with prevention strategies (AOR: 20.08, 95% CI: 2.13-188.85). Participants informed about COVID-19 prevention were 6.886 times more likely to use strategies (95% CI: 2.975-15.938). People who received the COVID-19 vaccine were 1.14 times more likely to engage in reasonable preventive measures compared to those who did not get vaccinated. Conclusion The study reveals low COVID-19 prevention practices among participants, with only 12.2% utilizing preventive strategies. The covariate, the kinds of information received on COVID-19 prevention mechanisms, participants with a favorable attitude toward COVID-19, educational level, mask-wearing, social distancing, vaccination, hand hygiene, public health communication, and household income were significantly associated with COVID-19 prevention strategies. The COVID-19 vaccination promotes preventive practices, reduces infection risk, protects against severe illness, and decreases community spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buzuneh Tasfa Marine
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Dagne Tesfaye Mengistie
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Science, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
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Ayieko S, Jaoko W, Opiyo RO, Orang’o EO, Messiah SE, Baker K, Markham C. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Subjective Norms Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination among Pregnant Women in Kenya: An Online Cross-Sectional Pilot Study Using WhatsApp. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:98. [PMID: 38248561 PMCID: PMC10815556 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy has been recommended, but the perceptions related to uptake remain unexplored. This pilot study aimed to explore how perceptions influence COVID-19 vaccine uptake among a sample of 115 pregnant women in Kenya, recruited via WhatsApp. Data were collected using an adapted online questionnaire between May and October 2022. Logistic analyses assessed the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination uptake and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) constructs: attitudes and subjective norms. COVID-19 vaccination coverage was 73%, with vaccine hesitancy estimated at 41.4% among the unvaccinated group. Most participants had completed college education and had good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines. There was no significant effect of enrollment in WhatsApp pregnancy groups on attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. Pregnant women were concerned about vaccine effectiveness (31.1%), and almost one-half (47.3%) were discouraged from receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Positive attitudes towards vaccination were associated with COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 2.81; 95% CI 1.12-7.04; p = 0.027), but no significant relationship was found between COVID-19 vaccination and strong subjective norms (influences to get COVID-19 vaccines). Our findings suggest that strategies to improve vaccination should consider targeting attitudes and proximal social networks (friends/family) to facilitate vaccination decision-making. WhatsApp can be used for research distribution and enhance the dissemination of accurate information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Ayieko
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Walter Jaoko
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, P.O Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya;
- KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
| | - Rose Okoyo Opiyo
- Department of Public and Global Health, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya;
| | | | - Sarah E. Messiah
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 75207, USA;
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 75207, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kimberly Baker
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.B.); (C.M.)
| | - Christine Markham
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.B.); (C.M.)
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Dinga JN, Kabakama S, Njimoh DL, Chia JE, Morhason-Bello I, Lumu I. Quantitative Synthesis of Factors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Vaccine Hesitancy in 185 Countries. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 38250847 PMCID: PMC10818751 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass vaccination against COVID-19 is the best method to ensure herd immunity in order to curb the effect of the pandemic on the global economy. It is therefore important to assess the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy on a global scale. Factors were recorded from cross-sectional studies analyzed with t-Test, ANOVA, correlation, and meta-regression analyses and synthesized to identify global trends in order to inform policy. We registered the protocol (ID: CRD42022350418) and used standard Cochrane methods and PRISMA guidelines to collect and synthesize cross-sectional articles published between January 2020 and August 2023. A total of 67 articles with 576 studies from 185 countries involving 3081,766 participants were included in this synthesis. Global COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 65.27% (95% CI; 62.72-67.84%), while global vaccine hesitancy stood at 32.1% (95% CI; 29.05-35.17%). One-Way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement across the World Bank income levels (p < 0.187). There was a significant difference of vaccine acceptance (p < 0.001) and vaccine hesitancy (p < 0.005) across the different World Bank Income levels. World Bank income level had a strong influence on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (p < 0.0004) and hesitancy (p < 0.003) but percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement did not. There was no correlation between percentage Gross Domestic Product spent on vaccine procurement and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (r = -0.11, p < 0.164) or vaccine hesitancy (r = -0.09, p < 0.234). Meta-regression analysis showed that living in an urban setting (OR = 4.83, 95% CI; 0.67-212.8), rural setting (OR = 2.53, 95% CI; 0.29-119.33), older (OR = 1.98, 95% CI; 0.99-4.07), higher education (OR = 1.76, 95% CI; 0.85-3.81), and being a low income earner (OR = 2.85, 95% CI; 0.45-30.63) increased the odds of high COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Factors that increased the odds of high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were no influenza vaccine (OR = 33.06, 95% CI; 5.03-1395.01), mistrust for vaccines (OR = 3.91, 95% CI; 1.92-8.24), complacency (OR = 2.86, 95% CI; 1.02-8.83), pregnancy (OR = 2.3, 95% CI; 0.12-141.76), taking traditional herbs (OR = 2.15, 95% CI; 0.52-10.42), being female (OR = 1.53, 95% CI; 0.78-3.01), and safety concerns (OR = 1.29, 95% CI; 0.67-2.51). We proposed a number of recommendations to increase vaccine acceptance and ensure global herd immunity against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Nyhalah Dinga
- Michael Gahnyam Gbeugvat Foundation, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Severin Kabakama
- Humanitarian and Public Health Consultant, Mwanza P.O. Box 511, Tanzania
| | - Dieudonne Lemuh Njimoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Julius Ebua Chia
- World Health Organization-Regional Office for Africa, Brazaville P.O. Box 06, Congo
| | | | - Ivan Lumu
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala P.O. Box 7072, Uganda
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Aseneh JB, Agbor VN, Kadia BM, Okolie EA, Ofomata CJ, Etombi CL, Ekaney DSM, Joko Fru YW. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in Cameroon and Nigeria: a web-based cross-sectional study. Int Health 2023; 15:702-714. [PMID: 36905293 PMCID: PMC10629963 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Cameroon and Nigeria. METHODS This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2021, including consenting HCWs aged ≥18 y identified using snowball sampling. Vaccine hesitancy was defined as indecisiveness or unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Multilevel logistic regression yielded adjusted ORs (aORs) for vaccine hesitancy. RESULTS We included a total of 598 (about 60% women) participants. Little or no trust in the approved COVID-19 vaccines (aOR=2.28, 95% CI 1.24 to 4.20), lower perception of the importance of the vaccine on their personal health (5.26, 2.38 to 11.6), greater concerns about vaccine-related adverse effects (3.45, 1.83 to 6.47) and uncertainty about colleagues' acceptability of the vaccine (2.98, 1.62 to 5.48) were associated with higher odds of vaccine hesitancy. In addition, participants with chronic disease (aOR=0.34, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.97) and higher levels of concerns about getting COVID-19 (0.40, 0.18 to 0.87) were less likely to be hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCWs in this study was high and broadly determined by the perceived risk of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines on personal health, mistrust in COVID-19 vaccines and uncertainty about colleagues' vaccine acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Brown Aseneh
- Department of Health Research, Health Education and Research Organization (HERO), Buea, 154, Cameroon
- Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussel, 1070, Belgium
| | - Valirie Ndip Agbor
- Department of Health Research, Health Education and Research Organization (HERO), Buea, 154, Cameroon
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Benjamin Momo Kadia
- Department of Health Research, Health Education and Research Organization (HERO), Buea, 154, Cameroon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Elvis Anyaehiechukwu Okolie
- Department of Public Health, School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
| | | | - Christie Linonge Etombi
- Department of Health Research, Health Education and Research Organization (HERO), Buea, 154, Cameroon
| | - Domin Sone M Ekaney
- Department of Health Research, Health Education and Research Organization (HERO), Buea, 154, Cameroon
| | - Yvonne Walburga Joko Fru
- Cancer and Epidemiology Unit (CEU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- The African Cancer Registry Network, INCTR African Registry Programme, Oxford, OX2 7HT, UK
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11
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Getahun GK, Dinku A, Jara D, Shitemaw T, Negash Z. Magnitude and associated factors of mortality among patients admitted with COVID-19 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000420. [PMID: 37590230 PMCID: PMC10434868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to grow around the world and has caused enormous mortality and morbidity. The severity and mortality of coronavirus disease are associated with various comorbidities. The infection fatality rate was reported to be inconsistent with different studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and factors associated with mortality among patients admitted to Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Eka Kotebe General Hospital among patients who were admitted for COVID-19 from January 15, 2021, to June 30, 2021. A total of 393 records of patients were selected by simple random sampling. Data was extracted from compiled data forms where available information was already tabulated. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 25. The determinant factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients were identified using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. A statistical association was declared with multivariable logistic regression using a 95% confidence interval and a P-value of less than 0.05. The proportion of COVID-19 mortality among patients admitted to Eka Kotebe General Hospital was 8.1% (95% CI (5.4-10.8%)). Age >50 years [AOR = 7.91; 95% CI (2.34-25.70)], being male [AOR = 2.09; 95% CI (1.20-3.65)], having diabetes mellitus [AOR = 2.64; 95% CI (1.30-5.35)], having hypertension [AOR = 2.67; 95% CI (1.22-5.88)] and having chronic kidney disease [AOR = 12.04; 95% CI (4.03-14.22)] were determinant factors of COVID-19 mortality. The current study findings revealed that COVID-19 mortality was high among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease were discovered to be independent predictors of COVID-19 mortality. Therefore, older COVID-19 patients and those with established comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and end-stage renal disease should receive comprehensive preventative efforts, including vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genanew Kassie Getahun
- Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Dube Jara
- Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tewodros Shitemaw
- Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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12
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Gonçalves BA, Matos CCDSA, Ferreira JVDS, Itagyba RF, Moço VR, Couto MT. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Latin America and Africa: a scoping review. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00041423. [PMID: 37556613 PMCID: PMC10494688 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt041423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has played an important role in the containment of COVID-19 pandemic advances. However, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy has caused a global concern. This scoping review aims to map the scientific literature on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Latin America and Africa from a Global Health perspective, observing the particularities of the Global South and using parameters validated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The review reporting observes the recommendations of the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) model. Search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases, selecting studies published from January 1, 2020 to January 22, 2022. Selected studies indicate that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy involves factors such as political scenario, spread of misinformation, regional differences in each territory regarding Internet access, lack of access to information, history of vaccination resistance, lack of information about the disease and the vaccine, concern about adverse events, and vaccine efficacy and safety. Regarding the use of conceptual and methodology references from the WHO for vaccine hesitancy, few studies (6/94) use research instruments based on these references. Then, the replication in Global South of conceptual and methodological parameters developed by experts from the Global North contexts has been criticized from the perspective of Global Health because of it may not consider political and sociocultural particularities, the different nuances of vaccine hesitancy, and issues of access to vaccines.
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Adusei-Mensah F, Isiozor NM, Kingdom DL, Oduro KJ, Okolie CJ. Boosting COVID-19 vaccine inoculation and booster shots: a systematic review and meta-analysis of factors that influence Coronavirus vaccine uptake in practice. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:3-22. [PMID: 38223628 PMCID: PMC10782355 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccines alone do not control pandemics, but vaccinations. The hope of COVID-19 pandemic control is hinged on vaccinations and other public health measures. This systematic review/meta-analysis (SR/MA) investigated the factors that inform coronavirus vaccine uptake globally in an attempt to improve COVID-19 immunization. Method The PRISMA 2020 methodology was used for this review. A total of 2902 articles were identified from electronic databases and other sources. After screening, 33 articles were included in the review and quantitative meta-analysis. Comprehensive meta-analysis software version 3 was used for the meta-analysis. Results We observed that vaccine effectiveness, side effects and the proportion of acquaintances vaccinated significantly influenced respondents' COVID-19 immunization decision. Also, associations of vaccine effectiveness, smaller risks to serious side effects, free and voluntary vaccinations and fewer vaccine doses, and longer duration to wanning were observed. We also observed variations in vaccine hesitancy trends in studies carried out in Asia, Europe, America, and Africa. Conclusion Wanning and acquaintance's vaccination status as factors to vaccination are insights the present paper is bringing to the limelight. Health promotion and COVID-19 vaccination planning are crucial for enhancing vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Adusei-Mensah
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Public Health and Medicine Research Group, Center for Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Nzechukwu Michael Isiozor
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - David Lekpa Kingdom
- Public Health and Medicine Research Group, Center for Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Kennedy Jeff Oduro
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Chukwuma John Okolie
- Public Health and Medicine Research Group, Center for Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria
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14
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Garbern SC, Perera SM, Mbong EN, Kulkarni S, Fleming MK, Ombeni AB, Muhayangabo RF, Tchoualeu DD, Kallay R, Song E, Powell J, Gainey M, Glenn B, Gao H, Mutumwa RM, Mustafa SHB, Abad N, Soke GN, Prybylski D, Doshi RH, Fukunaga R, Levine AC. COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions among Ebola-Affected Communities in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2021. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:973. [PMID: 37243077 PMCID: PMC10223943 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations affected by humanitarian crises and emerging infectious disease outbreaks may have unique concerns and experiences that influence their perceptions toward vaccines. In March 2021, we conducted a survey to examine the perceptions toward COVID-19 vaccines and identify the factors associated with vaccine intention among 631 community members (CMs) and 438 healthcare workers (HCWs) affected by the 2018-2020 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A multivariable logistic regression was used to identify correlates of vaccine intention. Most HCWs (81.7%) and 53.6% of CMs felt at risk of contracting COVID-19; however, vaccine intention was low (27.6% CMs; 39.7% HCWs). In both groups, the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, general vaccine confidence, and male sex were associated with the intention to get vaccinated, with security concerns preventing vaccine access being negatively associated. Among CMs, getting the Ebola vaccine was associated with the intention to get vaccinated (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.05-1.94). Among HCWs, concerns about new vaccines' safety and side effects (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.91), religion's influence on health decisions (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.61), security concerns (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37-0.74), and governmental distrust (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.35-0.70) were negatively associated with vaccine perceptions. Enhanced community engagement and communication that address this population's concerns could help improve vaccine perceptions and vaccination decisions. These findings could facilitate the success of vaccine campaigns in North Kivu and similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chow Garbern
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | - Eta Ngole Mbong
- International Medical Corps, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Shibani Kulkarni
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Monica K. Fleming
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Kallay
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bailey Glenn
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- James A. Ferguson Infectious Disease Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Hongjiang Gao
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | - Neetu Abad
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Gnakub Norbert Soke
- Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Dimitri Prybylski
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Reena H. Doshi
- Global Immunization Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Rena Fukunaga
- Division of Global HIV and TB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Adam C. Levine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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15
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Naidoo D, Meyer-Weitz A, Govender K. Factors Influencing the Intention and Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines on the African Continent: A Scoping Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040873. [PMID: 37112785 PMCID: PMC10146577 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a severe concern worldwide, particularly in Africa. Vaccines are crucial in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review examined existing literature from 2020 to 2022 on individual, interpersonal, and structural barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination within Africa to facilitate more informed health promotion interventions to improve vaccine uptake. This review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodological framework. A comprehensive search was undertaken from 2021 to 2022 using six electronic databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, WorldCat Discovery, and Google Scholar. Data was collected, charted into themes, and summarized using a standard data extraction sheet in Microsoft Excel. A total of forty (n = 40) published academic articles were reviewed, with many conducted in Nigeria (n = 10), followed by Ethiopia (n = 5) and Ghana (n = 4) and the rest elsewhere in Africa. Thematic narratives were used to report data into six themes: attitudes and perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines, intention to uptake COVID-19 vaccines; factors and barriers associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake; socio-demographic determinants affecting the intention and uptake; and information sources for COVID-19 vaccines. The intention for uptake ranged from 25% to 80.9%, resulting in a suboptimal uptake intention rate (54.2%) on the African continent. Factors that promoted vaccine acceptance included confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines and the desire to protect people. Age, education, and gender were the most common factors significantly associated with vaccine acceptance. Most studies revealed that considerable barriers to vaccine uptake exist in Africa. Concerns about potential side effects, vaccine ineffectiveness, a perceived lack of information, and inaccessibility were among the individual, interpersonal, and structural barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The unwillingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was strongly correlated with being female. Mass and social media were the main sources of information regarding COVID-19 vaccines. To encourage vaccine uptake, governments should pay attention to refuting misinformation through integrated community-based approaches, such as creating messages that convey more than just information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Naidoo
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Applied Human Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Health Promotion Unit, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X9051, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa
| | - Anna Meyer-Weitz
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Applied Human Sciences, Howard College, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Kaymarlin Govender
- HEARD, College of Law and Management Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
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Arthur RF, Horng LM, Tandanpolie AF, Gilstad JR, Tantum LK, Luby SP. The lasting influence of Ebola: a qualitative study of community-level behaviors, trust, and perceptions three years after the 2014-16 Ebola epidemic in Liberia. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:682. [PMID: 37046227 PMCID: PMC10090752 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of disease transmission during the 2014-16 West Africa Ebola epidemic was driven by community-based behaviors that proved difficult to change in a social paradigm of misinformation, denial, and deep-seated distrust of government representatives and institutions. In Liberia, perceptions and beliefs about Ebola during and since the epidemic can provide insights useful to public health strategies aimed at improving community preparedness. In this 2018 study, we conducted nine focus groups with Liberians from three communities who experienced Ebola differently, to evaluate behaviors, attitudes, and trust during and after the epidemic. Focus group participants reported that some behaviors adopted during Ebola have persisted (e.g. handwashing and caretaking practices), while others have reverted (e.g. physical proximity and funeral customs); and reported ongoing distrust of the government and denial of the Ebola epidemic. These findings suggest that a lack of trust in the biomedical paradigm and government health institutions persists in Liberia. Future public health information campaigns may benefit from community engagement addressed at understanding beliefs and sources of trust and mistrust in the community to effect behavior change and improve community-level epidemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan F Arthur
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Lily M Horng
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - John R Gilstad
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucy K Tantum
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stephen P Luby
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Azanaw J, Endalew M, Zenbaba D, Abera E, Chattu VK. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors in 13 African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1001423. [PMID: 36761336 PMCID: PMC9903367 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1001423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the entire world, especially sub-Saharan Africa. As a result, researchers and government agencies are working to create effective COVID-19 vaccinations. While vaccination campaigns are moving rapidly in high-income nations, COVID-19 is still ruthlessly affecting people in low-income nations. However, this difference in the spread of the disease is not because of a lack of a COVID-19 vaccine but mainly due to people's reluctance. As a result, this review summarized the data on COVID-19 vaccination adoption and factors related among nations in sub-Saharan Africa. Method Comprehensive searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library databases. The risk of bias and methodological quality of each published article that fit the selection criteria were evaluated using Critical Appraisal Checklist tools. All statistical analysis was done by STATA 16. Results This review was based on 29 studies with 26,255 participants from sub-Saharan Africa. Using a random-effects model, the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among study participants was 55.04% (95 % CI: 47.80-62.27 %), I2 = 99.55%. Being male [POR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.45, 2.44)], having a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine [POR = 5.56 (95% CI: 3.63, 8.51)], having good knowledge in the COVID-19 vaccine [POR = 4.61 (95% CI: 1.24, 8.75)], having government trust [POR = 7.10 (95% CI: 2.37, 21.32)], and having undergone COVID-19 testing in the past [POR = 4.41 (95%CI: (2.51, 7.75)] were significant predictor variables. Conclusion This analysis showed that respondents had a decreased pooled prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. Sex, attitude, knowledge, government trust, and COVID-19 testing were statistically significantly correlated characteristics that affected the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine. All stakeholders should be actively involved in increasing the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and thereby reducing the consequences of COVID-19. The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination can be increased by using this conclusion as an indicator for governments, healthcare professionals, and health policymakers in their work on attitude, knowledge, government trust, and COVID-19 testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jember Azanaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mastewal Endalew
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Demisu Zenbaba
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Goba Referral Hospital, Madda Walabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetu Abera
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technological Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Kashiya Y, Ekofo J, Kabanga C, Agyepong I, Van Damme W, Van Belle S, Mukinda F, Chenge F. Multilevel Governance and Control of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Learning from the Four First Waves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1980. [PMID: 36767346 PMCID: PMC9914874 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impose a heavy burden on people around the world. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has also been affected. The objective of this study was to explore national policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the DRC and drivers of the response, and to generate lessons for strengthening health systems' resilience and public health capacity to respond to health security threats. This was a case study with data collected through a literature review and in-depth interviews with key informants. Data analysis was carried out manually using thematic content analysis translated into a logical and descriptive summary of the results. The management of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic reflected multilevel governance. It implied a centralized command and a decentralized implementation. The centralized command at the national level mostly involved state actors organized into ad hoc structures. The decentralized implementation involved state actors at the provincial and peripheral level including two other ad hoc structures. Non-state actors were involved at both levels. These ad hoc structures had problems coordinating the transmission of information to the public as they were operating outside the normative framework of the health system. Conclusions: Lessons that can be learned from this study include the strategic organisation of the response inspired by previous experiences with epidemics; the need to decentralize decision-making power to anticipate or respond quickly and adequately to a threat such as the COVID-19 pandemic; and measures decided, taken, or adapted according to the epidemiological evolution (cases and deaths) of the epidemic and its effects on the socio-economic situation of the population. Other countries can benefit from the DRC experience by adapting it to their own context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Kashiya
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa 127, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Joel Ekofo
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Chrispin Kabanga
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Irene Agyepong
- Public Health Faculty, Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons, Accra MB 429, Ghana
| | - Wim Van Damme
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Fidele Mukinda
- School of Public Health, University of Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa
| | - Faustin Chenge
- Centre de Connaissances en Santé en République Démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa 3088, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- School of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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19
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Gudayu TW, Mengistie HT. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in sub-Saharan African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13037. [PMID: 36686610 PMCID: PMC9846884 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective intervention for the primary prevention of COVID-19. Several studies have been conducted in sub-Saharan African countries on the acceptance and associated factors of COVID-19 vaccine. This review and meta-analysis aimed to recapitulate the pooled magnitude of vaccine acceptance and its favoring factors in sub-Saharan African countries. PUBMED, MEDLINE, Science Direct, Web of Science, and SCOPUS were the main databases searched from 15 March to 5 June 2022; and all the articles written in the English language were included. Also, some articles were retrieved from biomedical peer-reviewed journal sites and Google scholar. The quality of thirty-five selected articles was evaluated using an adapted scale for evaluating cross-sectional studies based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The result of the review and meta-analysis revealed that COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate varied across studies. In a pooled analysis, factors such as; higher-level perception of infection risk (OR (95% CI (2.7 (2.1, 3.4))), perceived vaccine safety (13.9 (9.2, 20.9)), virus-related good knowledge (2.7 (2.3, 3.2)) and appropriate attitude (5.9 (4.4, 7.8)), adherence to safety precautions (5.5 (4.8, 6.2)), and infection experience (4.4 (2.8, 6.9)) were positively affected the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Also, vaccine acceptance was found to be high among males and chronically ill individuals. Thus, understanding factors that enhance vaccine acceptance would support planners to augment vaccine uptake in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Worku Gudayu
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,Corresponding author.
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20
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Boisson A, Morgan CE, Stover A, Ngimbi P, Mbonze N, Ntambua S, Matondo J, Parr JB, Yotebieng M, Mwandagalirwa K, James L, Mampunza S, Thompson P. Changes in hepatitis B vaccine perception in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Development of the Shift in vaccine confidence (SVC) survey tool. Vaccine 2023; 41:623-629. [PMID: 36549941 PMCID: PMC9755009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted access to, adherence to, and perceptions of routine vaccinations. We developed the Shift in Vaccine Confidence (SVC) survey tool to assess the impact of the pandemic on routine vaccinations, with a focus on the HBV vaccine, in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study describes the content validation steps we conducted to ensure the survey tool is meaningful to measure changes in vaccine confidence to regular immunization (HBV vaccine) due to the pandemic. Three rounds of stakeholder feedback from a DRC-based study team, content and measurement experts, and study participants allowed us to produce a measure with improved readability and clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Boisson
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Camille E Morgan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Angela Stover
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.
| | - Patrick Ngimbi
- Université Protestante du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Nana Mbonze
- Université Protestante du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Sarah Ntambua
- Université Protestante du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Jolie Matondo
- Université Protestante du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Jonathan B Parr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Marcel Yotebieng
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | | | - Linda James
- Université Protestante du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Samuel Mampunza
- Université Protestante du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Peyton Thompson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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21
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Munyeku-Bazitama Y, Folefack GT, Yambayamba MK, Tshiminyi PM, Kazenza BM, Otshudiema JO, Guinko NT, Umba MD, Mulumba A, Baketana LK, Mukadi PK, Smith C, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Makiala-Mandanda S. High SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence after Second COVID-19 Wave (October 2020-April 2021), Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:89-97. [PMID: 36573545 PMCID: PMC9796206 DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.221009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Serologic surveys are important tools for estimating the true burden of COVID-19 in a given population. After the first wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections, a household-based survey conducted in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, estimated >292 infections going undiagnosed for every laboratory-confirmed case. To ascertain the cumulative population exposure in Kinshasa after the second wave of COVID-19, we conducted a prospective population-based cross-sectional study using a highly sensitive and specific ELISA kit. The survey included 2,560 consenting persons from 585 households; 55% were female and 45% male. The overall population-weighted, test kit-adjusted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 76.5% (95% CI 74.5%-78.5%). The seroprevalence was 4-fold higher than during the first wave, and positivity was associated with age, household average monthly income, and level of education. Evidence generated from this population-based survey can inform COVID-19 response, especially vaccination campaign strategies in the context of vaccine shortages and hesitancy.
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22
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Mengistu DA, Demmu YM, Asefa YA. Global COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1044193. [PMID: 36568768 PMCID: PMC9773145 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1044193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A vaccine against COVID-19 is a vital tool in managing the current pandemic. It is becoming evident that an effective vaccine would be required to control COVID-19. Effective use of vaccines is very important in controlling pandemics and paving the way for an acceptable exit strategy. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the global COVID-19 acceptance rate that is necessary for better management of COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This review was conducted based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis protocols and considered the studies conducted on acceptance and/or hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccine. Articles were searched using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The quality of the study was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical assessment tool to determine the relevance of each included article to the study. Results Of the 6,021 articles identified through the electronic database search, 68 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The global pooled acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine was found to be 64.9% [95% CI of 60.5 to 69.0%]. Based on the subgroup analysis of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate by the World Health Organization's region, the countries where the study was conducted, occupation, and survey period, the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate was 60.8% [95% CI: 56.3, 65.2%], 61.9% [95% CI: 61.3, 62.4%], 81.6% [95% CI: 79.7, 83, 2%] and 64.5% [95% CI: 60.3, 68.5%], respectively. Conclusions This review revealed the variation in the level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate across the world. The study found that the overall prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was 64.9%. This finding indicated that even if the COVID-19 vaccine is developed, the issue of accepting or taking the developed vaccine and managing the pandemic may be difficult.
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23
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Bok S, Martin D, Acosta E, Shum J, Harvie J, Lee M. Psychometric development of the COVID-19 vaccine misinformation scale and effects on vaccine hesitancy. Prev Med Rep 2022; 31:102087. [PMID: 36505271 PMCID: PMC9722623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To help inform post-COVID-19 pandemic practical health policies, the researchers created the COVID-19 vaccine misinformation scale (CVMS). During the COVID-19 pandemic, falsehoods spread online which casted doubt and concerns about the vaccine. Example misconceptions included vaccination leads to greater vulnerability to other illness and would alter someone's DNA. The researchers performed two large surveys with U.S. participants. The researchers reviewed debunked COVID-19 vaccine falsehoods online. Construction of the CVMS followed standard psychometric scale development steps. Statistical analysis provided support for the 10-item CVMS with satisfactory reliability, discriminant validity, and convergent validity. Predictive validity regression analysis demonstrated the CVMS associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. The prevalence of vaccine misbeliefs broadened pandemic healthcare challenges. On top of existing duties, healthcare workers had to explain vaccine efficacy and safety to dispel fallacies. The researchers discuss implications for the CVMS within the context of motivated reasoning theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bok
- Department of Marketing, College of Business and Economics, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Management, College of Business and Economics, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Erik Acosta
- California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - James Shum
- Golden Gate University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason Harvie
- California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA
| | - Maria Lee
- Nutritional Therapist, NTP, CMT, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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24
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Chiang CF, Kuo J, Liu JT. Cueing quality: Unpacking country-of-origin effects on intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 in Taiwan. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115403. [PMID: 36244227 PMCID: PMC9534538 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
While existing studies have reported and recognized country-of-origin effects on the intentions to vaccinate against COVID-19 among individual citizens in some countries, the causal mechanism behind such effects to inform public health policymakers remain unexplored. Adding up a quality cue explanation for such effects to the existing literature, the authors argue that individual consumers are less willing to get a vaccine designed and manufactured by a country with a significantly lower quality perception than other countries. A survey experiment that recruited a nationally representative sample of Taiwanese adults (n = 1951) between December 13, 2020 and January 11, 2021 was designed and conducted to test the argument. We find that all else equal, Taiwanese respondents were on average less likely to express stronger willingness to take a vaccine from China than from the US, Germany, and Taiwan. Furthermore, even when the intrinsic quality of the vaccine was held constant by the experimental design, respondents still had a significantly lower quality perception of the vaccine from China, both in terms of perceived protection and severe side effects. Further evidence from casual mediation analyses shows that about 33% and 11% of the total average causal effects of the "China" country-of-origin label on vaccine uptake intention were respectively mediated through the perceived efficacy of protection and perceived risk of experiencing severe side effects. We conclude that quality cue constitutes one of many casual mechanisms behind widely reported country-of-origin effects on intention to vaccinate against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Kuo
- Department of Political Science, National Taiwan University, Taiwan,Corresponding author
| | - Jin-Tan Liu
- Department of Economics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
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25
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Manyong V, Bokanga M, Akonkwa Nyamuhirwa DM, Bamba Z, Adeoti R, Mwepu G, Cole SM, Dontsop Nguezet PM. COVID-19 outbreak and rural household food security in the Western Democratic Republic of the Congo. WORLD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2022; 28:100469. [PMID: 36405513 PMCID: PMC9650560 DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2022.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although global assessments of the initial impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have focused on income, jobs, and health conditions, this study constitutes one of the first studies that assessed the impact of COVID-19 on food security in DRC and established the short-term implications of the COVID-19 outbreak on rural households' food security in DRC. In addition, the study recommendations contributed to shaping government interventions toward the pandemic in the Country. The study used data from four western provinces of the country on 1339 households. Our results show that 80 % of households experienced an increase in food prices, 61 % a noticeable decrease in the availability of food, and 54 % a decrease in their dietary diversity. Due to changes in food availability, dietary diversity, and food accessibility imposed by the COVID-19 outbreak, >70 % of households experienced either a decrease in the consumption of meat, milk, fish, and cereals or an increase in their consumption of traditional vegetables. In addition, COVID-19 significantly affected food security dimensions in larger households, households with a greater number of members aged 35 years and above, households headed by women, households where members participate in associations or cooperatives, households that depend on crop sales as the major source of income, and in poorer households. These findings highlight the significant implications of the COVID-19 outbreak on household food security in western DRC and underscore the need for emergency interventions to strengthen the resilience of rural people and accelerate their recovery and other long-term measures toward sustainable and inclusive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Manyong
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mpoko Bokanga
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (iita.org), IITA DRC, Congo
| | | | - Zoumana Bamba
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Kinshasa, DR, Congo
| | - Razack Adeoti
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Steven M Cole
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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26
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Getachew T, Lami M, Eyeberu A, Balis B, Debella A, Eshetu B, Degefa M, Mesfin S, Negash A, Bekele H, Turiye G, Tamiru D, Nigussie K, Asfaw H, Dessie Y, Alemu A, Sertsu A. Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among health care workers at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia using the health belief model. Front Public Health 2022; 10:957721. [PMID: 36438218 PMCID: PMC9683340 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.957721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among Health Care Workers is mandatory to lessen and curve the spread of transmission of COVID-19. Even though the Health Belief Model is one of the most widely used models for understanding vaccination behavior against COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among Health Care Workers in Ethiopia was not adequately explored by using the Health Belief Model domains. Purpose This study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among Health care workers in eastern, Ethiopia. Methods Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used among 417 health care workers selected by a systematic random sampling method from June 1- 30/2021. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews using semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using STATA version 14 statistical software. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was carried out to identify factors associated with willingness to COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and a statistical significance was declared at a P-value < 0.05. Results The willingness of health care workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was 35.6%. Age 30-39 (AOR = 4.16;95% CI: 2.51, 6.88), age ≥ 40 years (AOR = 3.29;95% CI: 1.47, 7.39), good attitude (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.55), perceived susceptibility (AOR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.32), and perceived severity (AOR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.10) were factors significantly associated with Health Care Workers acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion The willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs was low. Factors significantly associated with the willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine were age, good attitude, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity of the disease. The low willingness of Health Care Workers to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was alarming and it needs more emphasis from the government in collaboration with other stakeholders to provide reliable information to avert misconceptions and rumors about the vaccine to improve the vaccine status of Health Care Workers to protect the communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Magarsa Lami
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debella
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bajrond Eshetu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Degefa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Sinetibeb Mesfin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Negash
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Bekele
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Turiye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dawit Tamiru
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Nigussie
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Asfaw
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Sertsu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia,*Correspondence: Addisu Sertsu
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27
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Negussie H, Timothewos S, Fekadu B, Belay W, Selamu M, Getachew E, Wondimagegnehu A, Eshetu T, Birhane R, Ajeme T, Hanlon C, Makonnen E, Manyazewal T, Fekadu A. Adherence to COVID -19 protective practices in Ethiopia: Use and predictors of face mask-wearing. ETHIOPIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 60:48-56. [PMID: 38156328 PMCID: PMC10753859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Ethiopian Ministry of Health strongly recommends that anyone, regardless of vaccination status, wears a standard face mask consistently when in public. This study aimed to assess the self-reported use and predictors of wearing face masks in the general population in Ethiopia. Methods This was a population-based cross-sectional study using a telephone survey. Adults living in Ethiopia were randomly selected from the Ethio Telecom list of mobile phone numbers and interviewed about their mask-wearing practice and individual and household-level factors that could impact on the use of face masking. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure associations. Results A total of 614 participants were interviewed from September to November 2021. The prevalence of self-reported face mask use when in public was 81.1%. Living outside Addis Ababa, including Oromia [adjusted odds ratio [(AOR) 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.14, 0.63)], Amhara [AOR 0.11, 95% CI (0.05, 0.23)], and Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's Region [AOR 0.31, 95% CI (0.12-0.79)] and being divorced or widowed [AOR 0.18, 95% CI (0.06, 0.62)] were found to be inversely associated with face mask use. Female gender [AOR 1.91, 95% CI (1.02, 3.58)] and older age [age ≥ 50, AOR 2.96, 95% CI (1.09-7.97)] were positively associated with the use of face masks. Attending social events [AOR 0.51, 95% CI (0.31-0.82)], was negatively associated with the use of face masks. Conclusion Self-reported use of face masks was relatively high nationally, but inconsistent among different regions and demographics. The findings imply that policies and messaging campaigns may need to focus on specific populations and behaviors in this ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Negussie
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sewit Timothewos
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bethelhem Fekadu
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Winini Belay
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Medhin Selamu
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, WHO collaborating center for Mental Health research and capacity building, Department of Psychiatry, College of Health sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyerusalem Getachew
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abigiya Wondimagegnehu
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Martin-Luther-University, Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Bio statistics and Informatics, Halle, Germany
| | - Tigist Eshetu
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rahel Birhane
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tigest Ajeme
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, WHO collaborating center for Mental Health research and capacity building, Department of Psychiatry, College of Health sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegahun Manyazewal
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Addis Ababa University, Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, WHO collaborating center for Mental Health research and capacity building, Department of Psychiatry, College of Health sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Global Health and Infection Department, Brighton, UK
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Aubourg MA, Bisimwa L, Bisimwa JC, Sanvura P, Williams C, Boroto R, Lunyelunye C, Timsifu J, Munyerenkana B, Endres K, Winch PJ, Bengehya J, Maheshe G, Cikomola C, Mwishingo A, George CM. A Qualitative Evaluation of COVID-19 Preventative Response Activities in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13424. [PMID: 36294005 PMCID: PMC9603344 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this evaluation of COVID-19 preventative response programs in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), we aimed to explore community understandings of COVID-19, assess operational successes and challenges of COVID response activities, and identify barriers to practicing COVID-19 preventative behaviors. METHODS Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted from April to September 2021 in South Kivu, DRC, with community members (n = 16) and programmatic stakeholders (n = 15) (healthcare providers, government officials, and developmental and NGO staff engaged in COVID-19 response). FINDINGS Most community members were aware of COVID-19 and its global burden, but few were aware of local transmission in their area. Some community members attributed COVID-19 to actions of malevolent neighbors, miasma ("bad air"), or spirits. Awareness of COVID-19 preventative measures was widespread, largely because of radio and TV health promotion programs. Community members and programmatic stakeholders both said community-level non-compliance to COVID-19 preventative measures was high despite high awareness of preventative methods. Community members expressed concern that face masks distributed as part of preventative programs contained the COVID-19 virus. Programmatic stakeholders emphasized the need for broader health system strengthening with improved coordination, provision of resources to health facilities at the provincial level, and prioritization of research. Lessons learned from addressing Ebola were leveraged for COVID-19 health promotion, rapid training of healthcare personnel, and surveillance. CONCLUSIONS Community-informed approaches are needed for effective COVID-19 preventative response programs in South Kivu, DRC. Our study identified successes and challenges in COVID-19 response activities. Future research should assess the effectiveness of integrating preventive programs with COVID-19 vaccination efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Aubourg
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lucien Bisimwa
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Claude Bisimwa
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Presence Sanvura
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Camille Williams
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Raissa Boroto
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Claude Lunyelunye
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jessy Timsifu
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Brigitte Munyerenkana
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Kelly Endres
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Peter J. Winch
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Justin Bengehya
- Bureau de l’Information Sanitaire, Surveillance Epidémiologique et Recherche Scientifique, Division Provinciale de la Santé Sud Kivu, Ministère de la Santé, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ghislain Maheshe
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Cirhuza Cikomola
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Alain Mwishingo
- Center for Tropical Diseases & Global Health, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu B.P 265, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Christine Marie George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Lun P, Gao J, Tang B, Yu CC, Jabbar KA, Low JA, George PP. A social ecological approach to identify the barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination acceptance: A scoping review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272642. [PMID: 36191018 PMCID: PMC9529136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus that has caused substantial impact on population health, healthcare, and social and economic systems around the world. Several vaccines have been developed to control the pandemic with varying effectiveness and safety profiles. One of the biggest obstacles to implementing successful vaccination programmes is vaccine hesitancy stemming from concerns about effectiveness and safety. This review aims to identify the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance and to organize the factors using the social ecological framework. METHODS We adopted the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley to guide this scoping review. Selection criteria was based on the PICo (Population, Phenomenon of interest and Context) framework. Factors associated with acceptance and hesitancy were grouped into the following: intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy factors using the social ecological framework. RESULTS Fifty-one studies fulfilled this review's inclusion criteria. Most studies were conducted in Europe and North America, followed by Asia and the Middle East. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy rates varied across countries. Some common demographic factors associated with hesitancy were younger age, being female, having lower than college education, and having a lower income level. Most of the barriers and facilitators to acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccines were intrapersonal factors, such as personal characteristics and preferences, concerns with COVID-19 vaccines, history/perception of general vaccination, and knowledge of COVID-19 and health. The remaining interpersonal, institution, community, and public policy factors were grouped into factors identified as barriers and facilitators. CONCLUSION Our review identified barriers and facilitators of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy and organised them using the social ecological framework. While some barriers and facilitators such as vaccine safety are universal, differentiated barriers might exist for different target groups, which need to be understood if they are to be addressed to maximize vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Lun
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute Limited, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonathan Gao
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernard Tang
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chou Chuen Yu
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute Limited, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - James Alvin Low
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute Limited, Singapore, Singapore
- Geriatric Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pradeep Paul George
- Geriatric Education and Research Institute Limited, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Health Services and Outcomes Research, National Healthcare Group, Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Limaye RJ, Gupta M, Bansal A, Chandler MK, Santosham M, Erchick DJ. Communication lessons learned from the 2017 measles–rubella campaign in India: perspectives from vaccine decision-makers. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6774996. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
In 2017, to reduce the burden of measles and rubella, a nation-wide measles–rubella campaign was launched in India. Despite detailed planning efforts that involved many stakeholders, vaccine refusal arose in several communities during the campaign. As strategic health communication and promotion is critical in any vaccine campaign, we sought to document lessons learned from the 2017 MR campaign from a strategic health communication and promotion perspective to capture lessons learned. To inform future campaigns, we conducted in-depth interviews through a perspective that is not usually captured, that of government and civil society stakeholders that had experience in vaccine campaign implementation (n = 21). We interviewed stakeholders at the national level and within three states that had diverse experiences with the campaign. Three key themes related to strategic health communication and promotion emerged: the importance of sensitizing communities at all levels through relevant and timely information about the vaccine and the vaccine campaign, leveraging key influencers to deliver tailored messaging about the importance of vaccines and mitigating vaccine misinformation rapidly. Our study findings have important implications for health communication and promotion research related to vaccine campaigns. The field must continue to enhance vaccine campaign efforts by identifying important health communication and promotion factors, including the importance of sensitization, trusted messengers that use tailored messaging and mitigating misinformation, as vaccine campaigns are crucial in improving vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali J Limaye
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
| | - Adarsh Bansal
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
| | - Mary Kate Chandler
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Mathuram Santosham
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Daniel J Erchick
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Healthcare Workers in Nigeria. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101645. [PMID: 36298509 PMCID: PMC9610788 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are regarded as role models regarding health-related issues, including vaccination. Therefore, it is essential to identify the predictors for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among them. A cross-sectional study to assess the risk perception, attitudes and knowledge of HCWs toward COVID-19 vaccination was carried out. A total of 710 responses were received between September 2021 and March 2022, from HCWs in the Northern, Western and Eastern regions of Nigeria. Cross tabulations were performed to determine statistical relations between sociodemographic variables, knowledge, attitudes and risk perceptions concerning COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive variables for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Statistical analyses were performed and P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant at a CI of 95%. Results showed that 59.3% of the participants were amenable to COVID-19 vaccines. Multinomial regression analysis identified 14 variables at α < 0.05 as predictors for vaccine acceptance. Male HCWs were 2.8 times more likely to accept the vaccine than their female counterparts. HCWs that were knowledgeable of the different kinds of vaccines, were willing to recommend the vaccines to their patients, believed that the timing of COVID-19 vaccination was appropriate and had recent vaccination history within three years were 1.6, 24.9, 4.4 and 3.1 times more likely to take COVID-19 vaccine than those not sure. The study found a relatively high trust (51.3%) in the Nigerian Center for Disease Control (NCDC) for information regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, the NDCD should disseminate more robust insights regarding the safety profiles of various COVID-19 vaccines.
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Orok E, Ndem E, Daniel E. Knowledge, attitude and perception of medical students on COVID-19 vaccines: A study carried out in a Nigerian University. Front Public Health 2022; 10:942283. [PMID: 36211686 PMCID: PMC9535657 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.942283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Vaccine development, distribution, and immunization of large populations have been identified as vital mitigation strategies for curbing the spread of COVID-19. However, vaccine hesitancy is a major barrier to this. The knowledge and perception of COVID-19 vaccines can improve vaccine acceptance. The purpose of this study was to assess medical students' knowledge, attitude, and perception of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods This study was a cross-sectional web-based survey conducted among undergraduate students from the faculties of Basic medical sciences and Clinical sciences, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The students' knowledge was ranked as excellent (>70%), good (50-69%) and poor (<50%) while perception was categorized into positive (>50%), and negative (<50%). The difference in knowledge based on demographics was analyzed using the Independent sample t-test. The association between demographics, and students' perception was carried out using the Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests. Analyses were conducted using SPSS software version 25. Results A total of 233 students consented to participate in the study out of which 51.1% were female. Forty-eight students (20.6%) had good knowledge while 41.2% of the participants accepted to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Positive perception was reported among 51.1% (119) of the students. Conclusion There was poor knowledge and positive perception among majority of the students. Educational intervention in form of training should be done to improve medical students' knowledge and perception toward COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidiong Orok
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Public Health, College of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Edidiong Orok
| | - Ekpedeme Ndem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Eunice Daniel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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Almutairi AF, Alessa YM, Alhizam S, Aljabri H, Algharibi A, Enizi S, BaniMustafa A. Factors Affecting the Decision Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination in the Saudi Public in the Central Region. Cureus 2022; 14:e28874. [PMID: 36225447 PMCID: PMC9539102 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In response to the disease, multiple companies created coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations. These vaccines were developed utilizing a variety of technologies and at an unprecedented rate, leading many people to question their efficacy and safety, as well as what they thought about how well the vaccination may protect them. As a result, the goal of this study was to evaluate the factors and motivators that may affect the Saudi Arabian population's decision to get COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: A sample of Saudi citizens from the Central Region completed an electronic questionnaire. This questionnaire assessed a variety of factors, including why people choose to get or not have the COVID-19 vaccination. Results: In total, 526 Saudis responded to the survey, with the average age being 35±11 years. Of the participants, 408 (77.6%) had received COVID-19 vaccination (one or two doses), and 118 (22.4%) had not been vaccinated. Females (n=233, 73%, P=0.002) and the group less than 35 years (n=223, 54.7%, P=0.017) were more likely than the males to get vaccinated. Married (n=256, 80.5%) and employed (n=261, 81.1%) participants had higher vaccination rates than unmarried and unemployed. Major reasons for not being vaccinated were a lack of knowledge about the adverse effects (n=74, 62.7%), concerns about possible side effects (n=70, 59.3%), and a lack of faith in the vaccination (n=45, 38.1%). Receiving flu vaccination was significantly associated with being vaccinated against COVID-19 (P=0.020). Conclusion: Lack of knowledge about the vaccine's side effects and uncertainty were the major deterrents to vaccination, whereas faith in the Ministry of Health's instructions was the key motivator.
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Mahmud S, Mohsin M, Hossain S, Islam MM, Muyeed A. The acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine at early stage of development and approval: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10728. [PMID: 36168558 PMCID: PMC9499991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination seems to be the most effective way to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19, a disease that has adversely impacted the lives of over 7 billion people across the globe. Vaccine hesitancy represents an important threat to combat infectious diseases worldwide. This study aims to inspect the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate worldwide and the regional variation of the acceptance rates among the general population and healthcare workers across different territories of the world. In addition, it compares the vaccine acceptance rates between the pre- and post-vaccine approval periods. Method A comprehensive systematic review was conducted using PRISMA statements. After quality evaluation, the data from eligible studies were analyzed using the random effect model. Q-test and I2 statistics were used to search for heterogeneity. The publication bias was assessed by using Egger’s test and funnel plot. Results The combined COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among the general population and healthcare workers (n = 1,581,562) was estimated at 62.79% (95% CI: 58.98–66.60). The acceptance rate substantially decreased from 66.29% (95% CI: 61.24–71.35) to 56.69% (95% CI: 48.68–64.71) among the general population from the pre-to post-vaccine approval periods but remained almost constant at 58.25% (95% CI: 46.52–69.97) among healthcare workers. The acceptance rates also varied in different regions of the world. The highest acceptance rate was found in the South-East Asia region at 70.18% (95% CI: 58.12–82.25) and the lowest was found in African Region at 39.51% (95% CI: 23.42–55.59). Conclusion Low COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate might be a massive barrier to controlling the pandemic. More research is needed to address the responsible factors influencing the low global rate of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Integrated global efforts are required to remove the barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Mahmud
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mohsin
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sorif Hossain
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mynul Islam
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul Muyeed
- Department of Statistics, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh-2224, Bangladesh
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Kazeminia M, Afshar ZM, Rajati M, Saeedi A, Rajati F. Evaluation of the Acceptance Rate of Covid-19 Vaccine and its Associated Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION 2022; 43:421-467. [PMID: 35687259 PMCID: PMC9186279 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00684-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Kazeminia
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mohseni Afshar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mojgan Rajati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Motazedi Hospital Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Anahita Saeedi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of
Massachusetts
, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Fatemeh Rajati
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Ackah BBB, Woo M, Stallwood L, Fazal ZA, Okpani A, Ukah UV, Adu PA. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa: a scoping review. Glob Health Res Policy 2022; 7:21. [PMID: 35850783 PMCID: PMC9294808 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-022-00255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against the novel coronavirus is one of the most effective strategies for combating the global Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a major obstacle in several regions of the world, including Africa. The objective of this rapid review was to summarize the literature on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa.
Methods We searched Scopus, Web of Science, African Index Medicus, and OVID Medline for studies published from January 1, 2020, to March 8, 2022, examining acceptance or hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine in Africa. Study characteristics and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were extracted from the included articles.
Results A total of 71 articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Majority (n = 25, 35%) of the studies were conducted in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in Botswana, Cameroun, Cote D’Ivoire, DR Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe were also included in the review. The vaccine acceptance rate ranged from 6.9 to 97.9%. The major reasons for vaccine hesitancy were concerns with vaccine safety and side effects, lack of trust for pharmaceutical industries and misinformation or conflicting information from the media. Factors associated with positive attitudes towards the vaccine included being male, having a higher level of education, and fear of contracting the virus. Conclusions Our review demonstrated the contextualized and multifaceted reasons inhibiting or encouraging vaccine uptake in African countries. This evidence is key to operationalizing interventions based on facts as opposed to assumptions. Our paper provided important considerations for addressing the challenge of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and blunting the impact of the pandemic in Africa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41256-022-00255-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty B B Ackah
- School of Communication, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Woo
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lisa Stallwood
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zahra A Fazal
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Arnold Okpani
- National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ugochinyere Vivian Ukah
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Prince A Adu
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Sun Y, Dai H, Wang P, Zhang X, Cui D, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xiang T. Will People Accept a Third Booster Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine? A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:914950. [PMID: 35903387 PMCID: PMC9315287 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.914950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are considered to be an effective way to prevent the spread of the infection. Our previous study has shown that about 75% of healthcare workers (HCWs) in China were willing to receive the vaccine when it became available. Here, we examined the acceptance of a third booster dose among Chinese people and identified the influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted and the snowball sampling method was utilized. An online questionnaire was provided to all the participants in the form of a quick response (QR) code. The questionnaire included general demographic information, views on vaccines, the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The univariate analysis was done between all the variables and our dependent variable. Then, we used the multivariate logistic regression model to examine the influencing factors of the third booster dose acceptance. Results We collected 1,062 complete answers. Of these, 90.39% (n = 960) declared that they would accept the booster dose. Knowing more about the vaccine and recognizing the efficacy of vaccines were significantly associated with greater acceptance of the booster dose. People willing to take the booster dose had better psychological health. A belief that the booster dose could prevent severe infection caused by COVID-19 and enhance the effectiveness of the first two doses were the main contributing factors to vaccine acceptance. Vaccine hesitancy was mainly due to a low perceived risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and rapid mutation of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion This study revealed that Chinese people were very receptive to the third booster dose, which is an inspiring result. More positive attitudes regarding COVID-19 vaccination were supported by its efficacy and few side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tao Xiang
- Emergency Department, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital Chengdu Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, China
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Drivers of Routine and Outbreak Vaccination Uptake in the Western Democratic Republic of Congo: An Exploratory Study in Ten Health Zones. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071066. [PMID: 35891230 PMCID: PMC9320175 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed a cross-sectional survey on vaccination-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among randomly selected parents of <5 years-old children, elderly populations (aged ≥ 55 years), and health care workers (HCWs) in 10 health zones from 4 provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Questionnaires targeted both routine (BCG, measles, polio) and outbreak-related (cholera, Ebola, COVID-19) vaccinations. In total, 2751 participants were included, 1165 parents, 1040 elderly, and 546 HCWs. In general, KAP expressed were supportive of vaccination uptake, although concerns regarding side effects and feelings of being insufficiently informed were more prevalent among parents and the elderly. Vaccine acceptance was lower for outbreak vaccinations (57%) than for routine vaccinations (90%). HCWs expressed the highest vaccine acceptance. Problems with the vaccine supply chain were reported by 20% of respondents. Despite a high level of positive KAP towards vaccination, parents and the elderly expressed a need to be better informed and had concerns regarding vaccine side-effects. A high acceptance for routine vaccinations was reported by participants, but somewhat less for outbreak vaccinations. In conclusion, HCWs in the communities could play a key role in the increased uptake of routine vaccinations and in optimizing uptake during outbreaks, provided that the supply chain is functioning well.
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Barrall A, Hoff NA, Mukadi Nkamba D, Musene K, Ida N, Bratcher A, Dzogang C, Tangney S, Beya M, Kabamba M, Kampilu D, Mbaka Onya G, Luhata C, Gadoth A, Mukamba E, Mbala P, Kaba D, Rimoin AW. Hesitancy to receive the novel coronavirus vaccine and potential influences on vaccination among a cohort of healthcare workers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Vaccine 2022; 40:4998-5009. [PMID: 35840471 PMCID: PMC9247270 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Hesitancy to receive the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers (HCWs) in low-resource settings, such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), is a major global health challenge. This study identifies changes in willingness to receive vaccination among 588 HCWs in the DRC and reported influences on COVID-19 vaccination intentions. Up to 25 repeated measures were collected from participants between August 2020 to August 2021. Among the overall cohort, between August 2020 and mid-March 2021, the proportion of HCWs in each period of data collection reporting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy ranged from 8.6% (95% CI: 5.97, 11.24) to 24.3% (95% CI: 20.12, 28.55). By early April 2021, the proportion reporting hesitancy more than doubled (52.0%; 95% CI: 46.22, 57.83). While hesitancy in the cohort began to decline by late-June 2021, 22.6% (95% CI: 18.05, 27.18) respondents indicated hesitancy in late-August 2021 which remains greater than the proportion of hesitancy at any time prior to early-March 2021. Patterns in reported influences on COVID-19 vaccination were varied with the proportion reporting some influences (e.g., no serious side effects, country of vaccine production) remaining stable throughout the year and other factors (e.g., recommendation of Ministry of Health, ease of vaccination) falling in popularity among respondents. Agreement that the national vaccination schedule should be followed apart from the COVID-19 vaccine remained high among respondents throughout the study period. This study shows that, among a cohort of HCWs in the DRC who have likely been influenced by regional, national, and global factors, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has fluctuated during the pandemic and should not be treated as a static factor. Additional research to determine which factors most influence HCWs’ willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine offers opportunities to reduce vaccine hesitancy among this important population through tailored public health messaging.
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Govere-Hwenje S, Jarolimova J, Yan J, Khumalo A, Zondi G, Ngcobo M, Wara NJ, Zionts D, Bogart LM, Parker RA, Bassett IV. Willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination among people living with HIV in a high HIV prevalence community. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1239. [PMID: 35733209 PMCID: PMC9214683 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People living with HIV (PLWH) may have a poorer prognosis with COVID-19 infection and are an important population for COVID-19 vaccination. We assessed the willingness and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance or hesitancy among PLWH in South Africa. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of telephone interviews with a randomly selected subset of participants enrolled in a prospective observational cohort study evaluating a decentralized antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery program in South Africa. Questions assessed willingness to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine, concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination, and overall vaccine confidence. Interviews were conducted between September 2020 and January 2021. We evaluated participant demographics, sources of COVID-19 information, stigma and medical mistrust, uptake of non-pharmaceutical interventions, and socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as potential covariates of willingness to accept vaccination. Results We completed interviews with 213 participants; 153 (72%) were female, median age 35y, and 100 (47%) had completed secondary school. Among the participants, 121 (57%) were willing to accept future vaccination, 46 (22%) were unsure, and 45 (21%) stated they did not intend to be vaccinated. Fear of side effects, reported by 42 (20%), was the most common concern about COVID-19 vaccination. Older age was associated with willingness to accept vaccination (aOR 1.75 for every 10-year increase in age, 95% CI 1.10–2.78, p = 0.02), while higher medical mistrust related to COVID-19 (aOR 0.21, 95% CI 0.093–0.45, p < 0.001) and use of social media for COVID-19 information (aOR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11–0.84, p = 0.02) were associated with lower willingness to accept vaccination. Conclusions In this cohort of PLWH in South Africa, over half were willing to accept COVID-19 vaccination, although a substantial proportion remained unsure or were not willing to be vaccinated. Public health messaging should emphasize the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination and address misinformation and medical mistrust among PLWH. Ongoing efforts to ensure access to COVID-19 vaccines for vulnerable populations are crucial. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13623-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana Jarolimova
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Boston, USA
| | - Joyce Yan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Biostatistics Center, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nafisa J Wara
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Boston, USA
| | - Dani Zionts
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Boston, USA
| | | | - Robert A Parker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Biostatistics Center, Boston, USA.,Harvard University, Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ingrid V Bassett
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, USA.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Boston, USA.,Harvard University, Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), Boston, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Uptake in a Transborder Population at the Mexico–Guatemala Border, September–November 2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116919. [PMID: 35682502 PMCID: PMC9179951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Assessing COVID-19 vaccination uptake of transborder populations is critical for informing public health policies. We conducted a probability (time-venue) survey of adults crossing from Mexico into Guatemala from September to November 2021, with the objective of describing COVID-19 vaccination status, willingness to get vaccinated, and associated factors. The main outcomes were receipt of ≥1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, being fully vaccinated, and willingness to get vaccinated. We assessed the association of outcomes with sociodemographic characteristics using logistic regressions. Of 6518 participants, 50.6% (95%CI 48.3,53.0) were vaccinated (at least one dose); 23.3% (95%CI 21.4,25.2) were unvaccinated but willing to get vaccinated, and 26.1% (95%CI 24.1,28.3) were unvaccinated and unwilling to get vaccinated. Those living in Mexico, independent of country of birth, had the highest proportion vaccinated. The main reason for unwillingness was fear of side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (47.7%, 95%CI 43.6,51.9). Education level was positively associated with the odds of partial and full vaccination as well as willingness to get vaccinated. People identified as Catholic had higher odds of getting vaccinated and being fully vaccinated than members of other religious groups or the non-religious. Further studies should explore barriers to vaccination among those willing to get vaccinated and the motives of the unwilling.
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Acharya D, Budhathoki CB, Khanal SP. Factors associated to acceptance and willingness to pay for COVID vaccine in Nepal. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E240-E256. [PMID: 35968064 PMCID: PMC9351410 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Corona virus disease (COVID-19) remains pandemic globally. Vaccination is considered one of the best means to control both morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. The study aims to find out the people's acceptance and willingness to pay for it. Methods The study used cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire from 1072 respondents (age 20-60 years) from 14 districts of Nepal. Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents were independent and acceptance of vaccine was the dependent variable. Results The study found that 84% of the respondents accepted the COVID vaccine. Only one out of six did not accept the COVID vaccine while 16% of the respondents stated that they would like to pay for the COVID vaccination. The average willingness to pay (WTP) for vaccination was NRs. 1053 (US$ 9) while median and mode remained the same NRs. 500. The middle age groups (30-49 years), respondents belonged to Madhesi, business people in terms of occupation and the respondents who had completed school level education had a higher acceptance rate than other categories. It was observed that place of residence in terms of provinces or districts, age group, caste/ethnicity, and educational level of the respondents were significantly associated with the acceptance of the COVID vaccine. Moreover, respondents residing from Lumbini Province, age group of 30-39 years, and having secondary or higher education were noticed as more likely to accept the COVID vaccine than the respective compared groups. Conclusion Appropriate information, education and communication needs to disseminate to minimize the misinformation about the COVID and lack of trust in vaccine that may lead to low acceptance and poor WTP for vaccine. These findings could be considered while making COVID and the COVID vaccine-related interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Acharya
- Bhairahawa Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Siddharthanagar, Rupandehi, Nepal
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Boisson A, Morgan CE, Fried B, Shea CM, Yotebieng M, Ngimbi P, Mbonze N, Mwandagalirwa K, Babakazo P, Thompson P. Barriers and facilitators to timely birth-dose vaccines in Kinshasa Province, the DRC: a qualitative study. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.29392/001c.35449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background National vaccine policies across the world have successfully improved infant vaccine coverage, but birth-dose (BD) vaccine coverage remains low. Countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) aim to include the hepatitis B birth-dose (HepB-BD) vaccine in their national immunization schedule. HepB-BD’s short window for administration – within 24 hours of delivery to prevent mother-to-child transmission – adds to the complexity of streamlined and timely BD vaccines. This study aims to identify and understand barriers and facilitators to timely delivery of BD vaccine in Kinshasa Province, DRC, through individuals’ accounts with different perspectives on the uptake of the BD vaccine in preparation for its future roll-out. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews in seven health facilities across Kinshasa Province from June to July 2021. We purposefully sampled health facilities from the provinces’ five most prominent facility types—private, public, Catholic, Protestant, and not-for-profit. We interviewed decision-makers and/or providers from various levels of the health care continuum, including midwives, immunization staff, heads of maternity and immunizations, and vaccine officials at the health zone and the Programme Elargi de Vaccination (PEV) to understand administrative barriers to BD vaccines. We also conducted interviews with expectant mothers to elicit knowledge and perceptions about infant vaccines. Results We interviewed 30 participants (16 informants and 14 expectant mothers). Interviewees were recruited from 7 health facilities, 2 health zones, and PEV. Data analysis was guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Our analysis identified 13 constructs (2-3 per domain) related to the success of timely and streamlined BD vaccines. We found significant barriers within and across each domain; most notably, the multi-dose vials of existing BD vaccines determining when facility staff could vaccinate newborns, often resulting in untimely vaccinations; logistical concerns with regular national vaccine stockouts and ability to store vaccines; complex and unsynchronized vaccine fees across facilities; inadequate communication across delivery and vaccination wards; and limited and at times incorrect understanding of vaccines among mothers and other community members. Conclusions Using the CFIR framework, this study integrated perspectives from facility informants and expectant mothers to inform national policy and implementation of the HepB-BD in DRC. These stakeholder-driven findings should guide the streamlining of timely BD vaccinations upon HepB-BD implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Boisson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Camille E. Morgan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bruce Fried
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher M. Shea
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Patrick Ngimbi
- Ecole de Santé Publique de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nana Mbonze
- Ecole de Santé Publique de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Pélagie Babakazo
- Ecole de Santé Publique de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Peyton Thompson
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Jabessa D, Bekele F. Willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among residents of Southwestern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:1177-1185. [PMID: 35535255 PMCID: PMC9078342 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s362264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 vaccine is a key intervention toward containing the pandemic. Vaccines are thought to be a form of defense. One of the major challenges to managing the COVID-19 pandemic is the uncertainty or willingness to accept vaccinations. Our study aimed willingness to get the COVID-19 vaccine and the factors that influence it in Mettu Woreda, Ilu Ababor Zone, Ethiopia. Methodology Cross-sectional study design was conducted from August 1, 2021, to September 1, 2021, among rural residents of Mettu woreda's of Ilu Ababor Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. The semi-structured data collection format was prepared to assess the magnitude of the communities' acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of communities' acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine at 95% CI. Results Of 350 participants from the study area, 59% of them were males and 41% females. Less than one-third (29.8%) of participants were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. The results multivariable logistic regression revealed that the age group of ≥50 years (OR=0.29; 95% CI: -3.1-0.34) as compare with the 18-29 years, low monthly income (OR=0.85; 95% CI: -0.74-2.33), low perception level (OR=0.35; 95% CI: -2.03-0.24), government unemployed (OR=0.86; 95% CI: -0.72-0.1), low Level of acceptance (OR=0.72; 95% CI: -0.67, 0.08) and unwillingness to test COVID-19 (OR=0.13; 95% CI: -4.47, 0.58) were predictors of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion Less than one-third of the study, participants were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. The likelihood of Willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was low in the study area. Overall; low education, low vaccination perception, low income, jobless occupation, older age, and unwillingness to test for COVID-19 were associated with greater willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine and are significantly associated with willingness to get the COVID-19 immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabala Jabessa
- Department of Statistics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
| | - Firomsa Bekele
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia
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Mundagowa PT, Tozivepi SN, Chiyaka ET, Mukora-Mutseyekwa F, Makurumidze R. Assessment of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Zimbabweans: A rapid national survey. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266724. [PMID: 35446850 PMCID: PMC9022878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a way of minimising the devastating effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, scientists hastily developed a vaccine. However, the scale-up of the vaccine is likely to be hindered by the widespread social media misinformation. We therefore conducted a study to assess the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Zimbabweans. Methods We conducted a descriptive online cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire among adults. The questionnaire assessed willingness to be vaccinated; socio-demographic characteristics, individual attitudes and perceptions, effectiveness and safety of the vaccine. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to examine the independent factors associated with vaccine uptake. Results We analysed data for 1168 participants, age range of 19–89 years with the majority being females (57.5%). Half (49.9%) of the participants reported that they would accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Majority were uncertain about the effectiveness of the vaccine (76.0%) and its safety (55.0%). About half lacked trust in the government’s ability to ensure availability of an effective vaccine and 61.0% mentioned that they would seek advice from a healthcare worker to vaccinate. Chronic disease [vs no chronic disease—Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.50, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)I: 1.10–2.03], males [vs females—AOR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.37–2.44] and being a healthcare worker [vs not being a health worker—AOR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.18–2.14] were associated with increased likelihood to vaccinate. Conclusion We found half of the participants willing to vaccinate against COVID-19. The majority lacked trust in the government and were uncertain about vaccine effectiveness and safety. The policy makers should consider targeting geographical and demographic groups which were unlikely to vaccinate with vaccine information, education and communication to improve uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddington Tinashe Mundagowa
- Clinical Research Centre, College of Health, Agriculture & Natural Science, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe
- * E-mail:
| | - Samantha Nokuthula Tozivepi
- Clinical Research Centre, College of Health, Agriculture & Natural Science, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe
| | - Edward Tafumaneyi Chiyaka
- Department of Health Policy & Management, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fadzai Mukora-Mutseyekwa
- Clinical Research Centre, College of Health, Agriculture & Natural Science, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe
- Zimbabwe College of Public Health Physicians, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Richard Makurumidze
- Zimbabwe College of Public Health Physicians, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Public and Global Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Clinical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, Free University of Brussels (VUB), Gerontology, Brussels, Belgium
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How Do People Decide on Getting Vaccinated? Evaluating the COVID-19 Vaccination Program through the Lens of Social Capital Theory. SOCIAL SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economies at a scale unprecedented in recent history, and vaccination is deemed the only option to ultimately halt its spread. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a global issue that must be addressed. If left unaddressed, it will impede the recovery of both the economy and public health following the pandemic. To better understand the issue, on the premise that individuals have layers of social ties to achieve common goals, social capital theory is proposed to examine the social connections associated with vaccine acceptance. A case study of the Republic of the Philippines’ vaccination program, in the form of an online survey involving 430 participants, was conducted using logistic binomial regression to analyze the data. Findings reveal that people’s vaccination decisions are influenced by their perceptions of their social ties regarding the vaccines, such as the perceptions one’s social ties’ trust in the vaccines, safety of use, benefits vaccines can offer, the role of media in information dissemination, and the influence of social networks. Insights regarding these findings are also discussed.
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"On the last day of the last month, I will go": A qualitative exploration of COVID-19 vaccine confidence among Ivoirian adults. Vaccine 2022; 40:2028-2035. [PMID: 35181151 PMCID: PMC8831134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The authorization of several high-efficacy vaccines for use against the novel SARS-CoV2 virus signals a transition in the global COVID-19 response. Vaccine acceptance is critical for pandemic control and has a variety of context- specific drivers that operate at the individual, group, and sociopolitical levels. Social and behavior change interventions can influence individual knowledge, attitudes, and intentions as well as community norms to facilitate widespread vaccine uptake. While considerable research has been done to explore vaccine confidence in high-income populations as well as with respect to childhood vaccinations, much work remains to be done in understanding attitudes and intentions in low and middle income countries for adult or novel vaccines. We conducted in-depth interviews with individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 (n = 8), people who had lost a family member to COVID-19 (n = 4), and health providers (n = 17). We also conducted focus group discussions with members of the general population (n = 24 groups) to explore social norms and community perceptions related to COVID-19, including prevention behaviors, stigma, and vaccines. Researchers collected data in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, in November 2020. In considering whether to accept a future COVID-19 vaccine or not, individuals in the study weighed perceived risk of the vaccine against the severity of the disease. Perceived severity of rumored side effects or safety issues of vaccines were also a factor. Convenience was a secondary, albeit also important, consideration. While concerns about vaccine safety tended to produce an expressed intention to delay vaccination, conspiracy theories about those developing and promoting vaccines and their motives led people to say they would opt out entirely. Behavior change interventions must raise awareness and address misunderstandings about the purpose of vaccines, transparently communicate about vaccine safety and development processes, and engage trusted influencers to build an enabling environment for COVID-19 vaccine roll out.
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Moucheraud C, Phiri K, Whitehead HS, Songo J, Lungu E, Chikuse E, Phiri S, van Oosterhout JJ, Hoffman RM. Uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Malawi. Int Health 2022; 15:77-84. [PMID: 35294960 PMCID: PMC9808523 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Africa. We sought to understand Malawian healthcare workers' (HCWs') COVID-19 vaccination and its hypothesized determinants. METHODS In March 2021, as the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out commenced in Malawi, we surveyed clinical and lay cadre HCWs (n=400) about their uptake of the vaccine and potential correlates (informed by the WHO Behavioral and Social Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccination framework). We analyzed uptake and used adjusted multivariable logistic regression models to explore how 'what people think and feel' constructs were associated with HCWs' motivation to be vaccinated. RESULTS Of the surveyed HCWs, 82.5% had received the first COVID-19 vaccine dose. Motivation (eagerness to be vaccinated) was strongly associated with confidence in vaccine benefits (adjusted OR [aOR] 9.85, 95% CI 5.50 to 17.61) and with vaccine safety (aOR 4.60, 95% CI 2.92 to 7.23), but not with perceived COVID-19 infection risk (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 0.88 to 2.16). Of all the information sources about COVID-19 vaccination, 37.5% were reportedly negative in tone. CONCLUSIONS HCWs in Malawi have a high motivation to be vaccinated and a high COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Disseminating vaccine benefits and safety messages via social media and social networks may be persuasive for individuals who are unmotivated to be vaccinated and less likely to accept the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrina Moucheraud
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Khumbo Phiri
- Corresponding author: Tel: +265 999 840 946; E-mail:
| | - Hannah S Whitehead
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - John Songo
- Partners in Hope, PO Box 302, Area 36/Plot 8, M1 Road South, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Eric Lungu
- Partners in Hope, PO Box 302, Area 36/Plot 8, M1 Road South, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Elijah Chikuse
- Partners in Hope, PO Box 302, Area 36/Plot 8, M1 Road South, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Sam Phiri
- Partners in Hope, PO Box 302, Area 36/Plot 8, M1 Road South, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Joep J van Oosterhout
- Partners in Hope, PO Box 302, Area 36/Plot 8, M1 Road South, Lilongwe, Malawi,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Risa M Hoffman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Strupat C, Shigute Z, Bedi AS, Rieger M. Willingness to take COVID-19 vaccination in low-income countries: Evidence from Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264633. [PMID: 35239711 PMCID: PMC8893640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In low-income countries, vaccination campaigns are lagging, and evidence on vaccine acceptance, a crucial public health planning input, remains scant. This is the first study that reports willingness to take COVID-19 vaccines and its socio-demographic correlates in Ethiopia, Africa's second most populous country. METHODS The analysis is based on a nationally representative survey data of 2,317 households conducted in the informal economy in November 2020. It employs two logistic regression models where the two outcome variables are (i) a household head's willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine or not, and (ii) if yes if they would also hypothetically pay (an unspecified amount) for it or not. Predictors include age, gender, education, marital status, income category, health insurance coverage, sickness due to COVID-19, chronic illness, trust in government, prior participation in voluntary activities, urban residence. RESULTS Willingness to take the vaccine was high (88%) and significantly associated with COVID-19 cases in the family, trust in government and pro-social behavior. All other predictors such as gender, education, income, health insurance, chronic illness, urban residence did not significantly predict vaccine willingness at the 5% level. Among those willing to take the vaccine, 33% also answered that they would hypothetically pay (an unspecified amount) for it, an answer that is significantly associated with trust in government, health insurance coverage and income. CONCLUSION The results highlight both opportunities and challenges. There is little evidence of vaccine hesitancy in Ethiopia among household heads operating in the informal economy. The role played by trust in government and pro-social behavior in motivating this outcome suggests that policy makers need to consider these factors in the planning of COVID-19 vaccine campaigns in order to foster vaccine uptake. At the same time, as the willingness to hypothetically pay for a COVID-19 vaccine seems to be small, fairly-priced vaccines along with financial support are also needed to ensure further uptake of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Strupat
- German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Zemzem Shigute
- Institute of Development and Policy Research, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjun S. Bedi
- International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Rieger
- International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Okuyan B, Bektay MY, Demirci MY, Ay P, Sancar M. Factors associated with Turkish pharmacists' intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine: an observational study. Int J Clin Pharm 2022; 44:247-255. [PMID: 34761359 PMCID: PMC8579896 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-021-01344-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Pharmacists have been taking part in vaccination services during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, research identifying pharmacists' intention to get COVID-19 vaccine is limited. Aim The objective of this study was to determine the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine and to identify the factors related to it based on the Health Belief Model framework among Turkish pharmacists. Method This is an observational study conducted between December 2020 and January 2021. The online survey was sent to all hospital and community pharmacists working in Turkey. Transtheoretical Model of Behaviour Change and Health Belief Model were used for the development of the questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine. Results Among all participants (n = 961), 74.7% had an intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. In model 1, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were associated with their intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (p < 0.05). In model 2, the intention to receive COVID-19 vaccine was associated with being male, years of experience in the professional field, not having contracted COVID-19, having a pharmacy staff who had contracted COVID-19, and having had received seasonal flu shot within the previous year (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study highlights the factors related to the intention of the pharmacists to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Health Belief Model is the strongest predictor for vaccination intention and could be used to develop behavioural change techniques to promote vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Okuyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yunus Bektay
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Yasir Demirci
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Ay
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Sancar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34854, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
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