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Ying J, Wang P, Jin X, Luo L, Lai K, Li J. TGF-β1 Mediates the EndoMt in High Glucose-Treated Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Semin Ophthalmol 2024; 39:312-319. [PMID: 38192082 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2300806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of TGF-β1 in the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) and fibrosis in high glucose (HG)-treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs). HRMECs were cultured not only under normal glucose (NG) conditions with or without TGF-β1, but also under HG conditions with or without the TGF-β1 inhibitor SB431542. The expression of TGF-β1 was detected by real time-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Morphological changes and migration of the HRMECs were observed using electron microscopy and scratch-wound assay. Endothelial markers, such as CD31 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, and the acquisition of fibrotic markers, such as alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1), were determined by immunofluorescent staining and western blot. The level of TGF-β1 was significantly upregulated in HG-treated HRMECs. And HG stimulation promoted obvious morphological changes and the migration ability in HRMECs. Our results also demonstrated increased expression of α-SMA and FSP-1, and decreased expression of CD31 and VE-cadherin, in HG-treated HRMECs. These EndoMT-related changes were promoted by TGF-β1 and abrogated by SB431542. The results of this study demonstrated the important role of TGF-β1 in HG-induced vitreoretinal fibrosis. EndoMT is likely to be involved in the associated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, PR China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, PR China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, PR China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, PR China
| | - Keshuang Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yunhe County Hospital of traditional Chinese medicine, Lishui, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, PR China
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2
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Zhao L, Hu H, Zhang L, Liu Z, Huang Y, Liu Q, Jin L, Zhu M, Zhang L. Inflammation in diabetes complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e516. [PMID: 38617433 PMCID: PMC11014467 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the most endangering healthy diseases. Current therapies contain controlling high blood sugar, reducing risk factors like obesity, hypertension, and so on; however, DM patients inevitably and eventually progress into different types of diabetes complications, resulting in poor quality of life. Unfortunately, the clear etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes complications have not been elucidated owing to intricate whole-body systems. The immune system was responsible to regulate homeostasis by triggering or resolving inflammatory response, indicating it may be necessary to diabetes complications. In fact, previous studies have been shown inflammation plays multifunctional roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications and is attracting attention to be the meaningful therapeutic strategy. To this end, this review systematically concluded the current studies over the relationships of susceptible diabetes complications (e.g., diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy) and inflammation, ranging from immune cell response, cytokines interaction to pathomechanism of organ injury. Besides, we also summarized various therapeutic strategies to improve diabetes complications by target inflammation from special remedies to conventional lifestyle changes. This review will offer a panoramic insight into the mechanisms of diabetes complications from an inflammatory perspective and also discuss contemporary clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Haoran Hu
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zheting Liu
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Traditional Chinese Medicines Education (Zhejiang Chinese Medical University)College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Meifei Zhu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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3
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Callan A, Jha S, Valdez L, Baldado L, Tsin A. TGF-β Signaling Pathways in the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3052. [PMID: 38474297 PMCID: PMC10932130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus affecting a significant portion of the global population, has long been viewed primarily as a microvascular disorder. However, emerging evidence suggests that it should be redefined as a neurovascular disease with multifaceted pathogenesis rooted in oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling family has emerged as a major contributor to DR pathogenesis due to its pivotal role in retinal vascular homeostasis, endothelial cell barrier function, and pericyte differentiation. However, the precise roles of TGF-β signaling in DR remain incompletely understood, with conflicting reports on its impact in different stages of the disease. Additionally, the BMP subfamily within the TGF-β superfamily introduces further complexity, with BMPs exhibiting both pro- and anti-angiogenic properties. Furthermore, TGF-β signaling extends beyond the vascular realm, encompassing immune regulation, neuronal survival, and maintenance. The intricate interactions between TGF-β and reactive oxygen species (ROS), non-coding RNAs, and inflammatory mediators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DR. This review delves into the complex web of signaling pathways orchestrated by the TGF-β superfamily and their involvement in DR. A comprehensive understanding of these pathways may hold the key to developing targeted therapies to halt or mitigate the progression of DR and its devastating consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Tsin
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA; (A.C.); (S.J.); (L.V.); (L.B.)
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Gacche RN. Changing landscape of anti-angiogenic therapy: Novel approaches and clinical perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189020. [PMID: 37951481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeting angiogenesis has remained one of the important aspects in disease biology in general and cancer in particular. Currently (June 2023), over 593 clinical trials have been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov having inference of term 'angiogenesis'. A panel of 14 anti-angiogenic drugs have been approved by FDA for the treatment of variety of cancers and other human ailments. Although the anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT) has gained significant clinical attention as a promising approach in the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancer, however, sizable literature has accumulated in the recent past describing the aggressive nature of tumours after the drug holidays, evolving drug resistance and off-target toxicities. Nevertheless, the emergence of inscrutable compensatory or alternative angiogenic mechanisms is limiting the efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs and focussing the therapeutic regime as a puzzle of 'Lernaean hydra'. This review offers an overview of recent updates on the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy and the current clinical performance of aaRTK inhibitors. Additionally, it also explores the changing application landscape of AAT, focusing on its role in diabetic nephropathy, age-related macular degeneration and other neovascular ocular disorders. Combination therapy with antiangiogenic drugs and immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) has emerged as a potential strategy to enhance the therapeutic index of cancer immunotherapy. While clinical studies have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of this approach, they also highlight the complex and sometimes unpredictable adverse events associated with it. Normalizing tumour vasculature has been identified as a key factor in unlocking the full potential of ICIs, thereby providing hope for improved treatment outcomes. The future prospects and challenges of AAT have been described with special reference to integration of technological advances for enhancing its efficacy and applications beyond its discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh N Gacche
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MS, India.
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Huang F, He Y, Zhang M, Luo K, Li J, Li J, Zhang X, Dong X, Tang J. Progress in Research on Stem Cells in Neonatal Refractory Diseases. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1281. [PMID: 37623531 PMCID: PMC10455340 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development and progress of medical technology, the survival rate of premature and low-birth-weight infants has increased, as has the incidence of a variety of neonatal diseases, such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and retinopathy of prematurity. These diseases cause severe health conditions with poor prognoses, and existing control methods are ineffective for such diseases. Stem cells are a special type of cells with self-renewal and differentiation potential, and their mechanisms mainly include anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, reducing oxidative stress, and boosting regeneration. Their paracrine effects can affect the microenvironment in which they survive, thereby affecting the biological characteristics of other cells. Due to their unique abilities, stem cells have been used in treating various diseases. Therefore, stem cell therapy may open up the possibility of treating such neonatal diseases. This review summarizes the research progress on stem cells and exosomes derived from stem cells in neonatal refractory diseases to provide new insights for most researchers and clinicians regarding future treatments. In addition, the current challenges and perspectives in stem cell therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Huang
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Keren Luo
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Neonatology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China
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Tung S, Delavogia E, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of the stem cell secretome in neonatal diseases. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151730. [PMID: 36990921 PMCID: PMC10133192 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth and intrapartum related complications account for a substantial amount of mortality and morbidity in the neonatal period despite significant advancements in neonatal-perinatal care. Currently, there is a noticeable lack of curative or preventative therapies available for any of the most common complications of prematurity including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and retinopathy of prematurity or hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, the main cause of perinatal brain injury in term infants. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived therapy has been an active area of investigation for the past decade and has demonstrated encouraging results in multiple experimental models of neonatal disease. It is now widely acknowledged that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells exert their therapeutic effects via their secretome, with the principal vector identified as extracellular vesicles. This review will focus on summarizing the current literature and investigations on mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles as a treatment for neonatal diseases and examine the considerations to their application in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eleni Delavogia
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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7
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Saha B, Roy A, Beltramo E, Sahoo OS. Stem cells and diabetic retinopathy: From models to treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4517-4526. [PMID: 36842153 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common yet complex microvascular disease, caused as a complication of diabetes mellitus. Associated with hyperglycemia and subsequent metabolic abnormalities, advanced stages of the disease lead to fibrosis, subsequent visual impairment and blindness. Though clinical postmortems, animal and cell models provide information about the progression and prognosis of diabetic retinopathy, its underlying pathophysiology still needs a better understanding. In addition to it, the loss of pericytes, immature retinal angiogenesis and neuronal apoptosis portray the disease treatment to be challenging. Indulged with cell loss of both vascular and neuronal type cells, novel therapies like cell replacement strategies by various types of stem cells have been sightseen as a possible treatment of the disease. This review provides insight into the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy, current models used in modelling the disease, as well as the varied aspects of stem cells in generating three-dimensional retinal models. Further outlook on stem cell therapy and the future directions of stem cell treatment in diabetic retinopathy have also been contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihan Saha
- National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Akshita Roy
- Autonomous State Medical College, Fatehpur, 212601, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Elena Beltramo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - Om Saswat Sahoo
- National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India.
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8
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Jin Z, Guo Q, Wang Z, Wu X, Hu W, Li J, Li H, Zhu S, Zhang H, Chen Z, Xu H, Shi L, Yang L, Wang Y. Andrographolide suppresses hypoxia-induced embryonic hyaloid vascular system development through HIF-1a/VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1090938. [PMID: 36844722 PMCID: PMC9944699 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1090938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ocular abnormalities and the development of retinal vasculature may cause postnatal retinopathy. In the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in identifying the mechanisms that regulate retina vasculature. However, the means of regulating embryonic hyaloid vasculature development is largely unknown. This study aims to determine whether and how andrographolide regulates embryonic hyaloid vasculature development. Methods Murine embryonic retinas were used in this study. Whole mount isolectin B4 (IB4) staining, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence staining (IF) were performed to determine whether andrographolide is critical for embryonic hyaloid vasculature development. BrdU incorporation assay, Boyden chamber migration assay, spheroid sprouting assay, and Matrigel-based tube formation assay were performed to evaluate whether andrographolide regulates the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells. Molecular docking simulation and Co-immunoprecipitation assay were used to observe protein interaction. Results Hypoxia conditions exist in murine embryonic retinas. Hypoxia induces HIF-1a expression; high-expressed HIF-1a interacts with VEGFR2, resulting in the activation of the VEGF signaling pathway. Andrographolide suppresses hypoxia-induced HIF-1a expression and, at least in part, interrupts the interaction between HIF-1a and VEGFR2, causing inhibiting endothelial proliferation and migration, eventually inhibiting embryonic hyaloid vasculature development. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that andrographolide plays a critical role in regulating embryonic hyaloid vasculature development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiru Guo
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wangming Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haidi Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zixian Chen
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangqin Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yong Wang, ✉ ; ✉
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9
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Systemic Cytokines in Retinopathy of Prematurity. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020291. [PMID: 36836525 PMCID: PMC9966226 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a vasoproliferative vitreoretinal disorder, is the leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Although angiogenic pathways have been the main focus, cytokine-mediated inflammation is also involved in ROP etiology. Herein, we illustrate the characteristics and actions of all cytokines involved in ROP pathogenesis. The two-phase (vaso-obliteration followed by vasoproliferation) theory outlines the evaluation of cytokines in a time-dependent manner. Levels of cytokines may even differ between the blood and the vitreous. Data from animal models of oxygen-induced retinopathy are also valuable. Although conventional cryotherapy and laser photocoagulation are well established and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are available, less destructive novel therapeutics that can precisely target the signaling pathways are required. Linking the cytokines involved in ROP to other maternal and neonatal diseases and conditions provides insights into the management of ROP. Suppressing disordered retinal angiogenesis via the modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor, supplementation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1/IGF-binding protein 3 complex, erythropoietin, and its derivatives, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and inhibition of secretogranin III have attracted the attention of researchers. Recently, gut microbiota modulation, non-coding RNAs, and gene therapies have shown promise in regulating ROP. These emerging therapeutics can be used to treat preterm infants with ROP.
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Delavogia E, Ntentakis DP, Cortinas JA, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Alex Mitsialis S, Kourembanas S. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles and Perinatal Injury: One Formula for Many Diseases. Stem Cells 2022; 40:991-1007. [PMID: 36044737 PMCID: PMC9707037 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, substantial advances in neonatal medical care have increased the survival of extremely premature infants. However, there continues to be significant morbidity associated with preterm birth with common complications including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), neuronal injury such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), as well as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Common developmental immune and inflammatory pathways underlie the pathophysiology of such complications providing the opportunity for multisystem therapeutic approaches. To date, no single therapy has proven to be effective enough to prevent or treat the sequelae of prematurity. In the past decade mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapeutic approaches have shown promising results in numerous experimental models of neonatal diseases. It is now accepted that the therapeutic potential of MSCs is comprised of their secretome, and several studies have recognized the small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as the paracrine vector. Herein, we review the current literature on the MSC-EVs as potential therapeutic agents in neonatal diseases and comment on the progress and challenges of their translation to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Delavogia
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dimitrios P Ntentakis
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Cortinas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Norte-Muñoz M, Botelho MF, Schoeberlein A, Chaves J, Neto Murta J, Ponsaerts P, Agudo-Barriuso M, Costa E. Insights and future directions for the application of perinatal derivatives in eye diseases: A critical review of preclinical and clinical studies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:969927. [PMID: 36425647 PMCID: PMC9679153 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.969927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Perinatal derivatives (PnD) are gaining interest as a source for cell-based therapies. Since the eye is easily accessible to local administration, eye diseases may be excellent candidates to evaluate novel therapeutic approaches. With this work, we performed a systematic review of published preclinical and clinical studies addressing PnD in the treatment of ocular diseases. We have set two specific objectives: (i) to investigate the current level of standardization in applied technical procedures in preclinical studies and (ii) to assess clinical efficacy in clinical trials. Hereto, we selected studies that applied amniotic membrane (hAM) and mesenchymal stromal cells derived from amniotic membrane (hAMSC), placenta (hPMSC), umbilical cord (hUC-MSC) and Wharton's Jelly (hUC-WJ-MSC), excluding those where cells were not transplanted individually, following a systematic PubMed search for preclinical studies and consultation of clinical studies on https://clinicaltrials.gov and https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/. Our bibliographic search retrieved 26 pre-clinical studies and 27 clinical trials. There was a considerable overlap regarding targeted ocular structures. Another common feature is the marked tendency towards (i) locally administered treatments and (ii) the PnD type. In the cornea/ocular surface, hAM was preferred and usually applied directly covering the ocular surface. For neuroretinal disorders, intra-ocular injection of umbilical or placental-derived cells was preferred. In general, basic research reported favourable outcomes. However, due to lack of standardization between different studies, until now there is no clear consensus regarding the fate of administered PnD or their mode of action. This might be accountable for the low index of clinical translation. Regarding clinical trials, only a minority provided results and a considerable proportion is in "unknown status". Nevertheless, from the limited clinical evidence available, hAM proved beneficial in the symptomatic relief of bullous keratopathy, treating dry eye disease and preventing glaucoma drainage device tube exposure. Regarding neuroretinal diseases, application of Wharton's Jelly MSC seems to become a promising future approach. In conclusion, PnD-based therapies seem to be beneficial in the treatment of several ocular diseases. However, much is yet to be done both in the pre-clinical and in the clinical setting before they can be included in the daily ophthalmic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Norte-Muñoz
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - João Chaves
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Neto Murta
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Ophtalmology Universitary Clinic and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Experimental Ophthalmology Group, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Costa
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Ophtalmology Universitary Clinic and Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Chen X, Jiang Y, Duan Y, Zhang X, Li X. Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Based Strategies for Retinal Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101901. [PMID: 36292786 PMCID: PMC9602395 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases are major causes of irreversible vision loss and blindness. Despite extensive research into their pathophysiology and etiology, pharmacotherapy effectiveness and surgical outcomes remain poor. Based largely on numerous preclinical studies, administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a therapeutic strategy for retinal diseases holds great promise, and various approaches have been applied to the therapies. However, hindered by the retinal barriers, the initial vision for the stem cell replacement strategy fails to achieve the anticipated effect and has now been questioned. Accumulating evidence now suggests that the paracrine effect may play a dominant role in MSC-based treatment, and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles emerge as a novel compelling alternative for cell-free therapy. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential and current strategies of this fascinating class of cells in retinal degeneration and other retinal dysfunctions.
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13
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Hachana S, Larrivée B. TGF-β Superfamily Signaling in the Eye: Implications for Ocular Pathologies. Cells 2022; 11:2336. [PMID: 35954181 PMCID: PMC9367584 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The TGF-β signaling pathway plays a crucial role in several key aspects of development and tissue homeostasis. TGF-β ligands and their mediators have been shown to be important regulators of ocular physiology and their dysregulation has been described in several eye pathologies. TGF-β signaling participates in regulating several key developmental processes in the eye, including angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Inadequate TGF-β signaling has been associated with defective angiogenesis, vascular barrier function, unfavorable inflammatory responses, and tissue fibrosis. In addition, experimental models of corneal neovascularization, diabetic retinopathy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, glaucoma, or corneal injury suggest that aberrant TGF-β signaling may contribute to the pathological features of these conditions, showing the potential of modulating TGF-β signaling to treat eye diseases. This review highlights the key roles of TGF-β family members in ocular physiology and in eye diseases, and reviews approaches targeting the TGF-β signaling as potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Hachana
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Bruno Larrivée
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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14
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Takkar B, Sheemar A, Jayasudha R, Soni D, Narayanan R, Venkatesh P, Shivaji S, Das T. Unconventional avenues to decelerated diabetic retinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1574-1592. [PMID: 35803389 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), causing significant visual impairment worldwide. Current gold standards for retarding the progress of DR include blood sugar control and regular fundus screening. Despite these measures, the incidence and prevalence of DR and vision-threatening DR remain high. Given its slowly progressive course and long latent period, opportunities to contain or slow DR before it threatens vision must be explored. This narrative review assesses the recently described unconventional strategies to retard DR progression. These include gut-ocular flow, gene therapy, mitochondrial dysfunction-oxidative stress, stem cell therapeutics, neurodegeneration, anti-inflammatory treatments, lifestyle modification, and usage of phytochemicals. These therapies impact DR directly, while some of them also influence DM control. Most of these strategies are currently in the preclinical stage, and clinical evidence remains low. Nevertheless, our review suggests that these approaches have the potential for human use to prevent the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Takkar
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research (IHOPE) Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Abhishek Sheemar
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | | | - Deepak Soni
- Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Raja Narayanan
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; Indian Health Outcomes, Public Health, and Economics Research (IHOPE) Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pradeep Venkatesh
- Dr. RP Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Taraprasad Das
- Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreoretinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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15
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Liu S, Ju Y, Gu P. Experiment-Based Interventions to Diabetic Retinopathy: Present and Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137005. [PMID: 35806008 PMCID: PMC9267063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the major blinding disease among working-age populations, which is becoming more significant due to the growth of diabetes. The metabolic-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress leads to the insult of neovascular unit, resulting in the core pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy. Existing therapies focus on the inflammation, oxidation, and angiogenesis phenomena of diabetic retinopathy, without effect to radically cure the disease. This review also summarizes novel therapeutic attempts for diabetic retinopathy along with their advantages and disadvantages, mainly focusing on those using cellular and genetic techniques to achieve remission on a fundamental level of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (S.L.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (S.L.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; (S.L.); (Y.J.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence:
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16
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Bacci GM, Becherucci V, Marziali E, Sodi A, Bambi F, Caputo R. Treatment of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies with Somatic Cell Therapy Medicinal Product: A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050708. [PMID: 35629375 PMCID: PMC9147057 DOI: 10.3390/life12050708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies and retinal degenerations related to more common diseases (i.e., age-related macular dystrophy) are a major issue and one of the main causes of low vision in pediatric and elderly age groups. Advancement and understanding in molecular biology and the possibilities raised by gene-editing techniques opened a new era for clinicians and patients due to feasible possibilities of treating disabling diseases and the reduction in their complications burden. The scope of this review is to focus on the state-of-the-art in somatic cell therapy medicinal products as the basis of new insights and possibilities to use this approach to treat rare eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Maria Bacci
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Becherucci
- Cell Factory Meyer, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Elisa Marziali
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Franco Bambi
- Cell Factory Meyer, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberto Caputo
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
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17
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Behl T, Gupta A, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Garg M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Exploring the multifaceted role of TGF-β signaling in diabetic complications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:35643-35656. [PMID: 35247177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most comprehensive metabolic disorders and is spread across the globe. The data from IDF Diabetes Atlas and National Diabetes Statistics mentions that the number of patients with diabetes is increasing at an exponential rate which is challenging the current therapeutics used for the management of diabetes. However, current therapies used for the treatment may provide symptomatic relief but lack in preventing the progression of the disease and thereby limiting the treatment of diabetes-associated complications. A thorough review and analysis were conducted using various databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar to extract the available information on challenges faced by current therapies which have triggered the development of novel molecules or drugs. From the analysis, it was analyzed that transforming growth factor βs (TGF-βs) have been shown to exhibit pleiotropic activity and are responsible for maintaining homeostasis and its overexpression is convoluted in the pathogenesis of various disorders. Therefore, developing drugs that block TGF-β signaling may provide therapeutic benefits. This extensive review concluded that drugs targeting TGF-β signaling pathway and its subsequent blockade have shown promising results and hold the potential to become drugs of choice in the management of diabetes and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Madhukar Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Adjunct Professor, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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18
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Chiang MC, Chern E. Current Development, Obstacle and Futural Direction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment in Degenerative Retinal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052529. [PMID: 35269671 PMCID: PMC8910526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative retinal disease is one of the major causes of vision loss around the world. The past several decades have witnessed emerging development of stem cell treatment for retinal disease. Nevertheless, sourcing stem cells remains controversial due to ethical concerns and their rarity. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are both isolated from patients’ mature tissues; thus, issues such as avoiding moral controversy and adverse events related to immunosuppression and obtaining a large number of cells have opened a new era in regenerative medicine. This review focuses on the current application and development, clinical trials, and latest research of stem cell therapy, as well as its limitations and future directions.
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19
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Li W, Zhang S, Wang D, Zhang H, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Wang M, Ding Z, Xu S, Gao B, Yan M. Exosomes Immunity Strategy: A Novel Approach for Ameliorating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:822149. [PMID: 35223870 PMCID: PMC8870130 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.822149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP), which is one of the most severe medical and social problems globally, has affected nearly 80% of the population worldwide, and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that happens to be the primary trigger of LBP. The pathology of IDD is based on the impaired homeostasis of catabolism and anabolism in the extracellular matrix (ECM), uncontrolled activation of immunologic cascades, dysfunction, and loss of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells in addition to dynamic cellular and biochemical alterations in the microenvironment of intervertebral disc (IVD). Currently, the main therapeutic approach regarding IDD is surgical intervention, but it could not considerably cure IDD. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 30–150 nm, are secreted by various kinds of cell types like stem cells, tumor cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells; the lipid bilayer of the exosomes protects them from ribonuclease degradation and helps improve their biological efficiency in recipient cells. Increasing lines of evidence have reported the promising applications of exosomes in immunological diseases, and regarded exosomes as a potential therapeutic source for IDD. This review focuses on clarifying novel therapies based on exosomes derived from different cell sources and the essential roles of exosomes in regulating IDD, especially the immunologic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Quan Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mo Wang
- The First Brigade of Basic Medical College, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ziyi Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Songjie Xu
- Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Songjie Xu, ; Bo Gao, ; Ming Yan,
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Songjie Xu, ; Bo Gao, ; Ming Yan,
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Songjie Xu, ; Bo Gao, ; Ming Yan,
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20
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Chaubey S, Bhandari V. Stem cells in neonatal diseases: An overview. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27:101325. [PMID: 35367186 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth and its common complications are major causes of infant mortality and long-term morbidity. Despite great advances in understanding the pathogenesis of neonatal diseases and improvements in neonatal intensive care, effective therapies for the prevention or treatment for these conditions are still lacking. Stem cell (SC) therapy is rapidly emerging as a novel therapeutic tool for several diseases of the newborn with encouraging pre-clinical results that hold promise for translation to the bedside. The utility of different types of SCs in neonatal diseases is being explored. SC therapeutic efficacy is closely associated with its secretome-conditioned media and SC-derived extracellular vesicles, and a subsequent paracrine action in response to tissue injuries. In the current review, we summarize the pre-clinical and clinical studies of SCs and its secretome in diverse preterm and term birth-related diseases, thereby providing new insights for future therapies in neonatal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Chaubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA, 19013, USA.
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Neonatology Research Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Suite Dorrance 755, One Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA.
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21
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Zhong DJ, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Ge YY, Tong M, Feng Y, You F, Zhao X, Wang K, Zhang L, Liu X, Chen JF. Adenosine A 2A receptor antagonism protects against hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular loss via cellular proliferation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21842. [PMID: 34418159 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100414rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) remains one of the major causes of blindness in children worldwide. While current ROP treatments are mostly disruptive to reduce proliferative neovascularization by targeting the hypoxic phase, protection against early hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular loss represents an effective therapeutic window, but no such therapeutic strategy is available. Built upon our recent demonstration that the protection against oxygen-induced retinopathy by adenosine A2A receptor (A2A R) antagonists is most effective when administered at the hyperoxia (not hypoxic) phase, we here uncovered the cellular mechanism underlying the A2A R-mediated protection against early hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular loss by reversing the inhibition of cellular proliferation via possibly multiple signaling pathways. Specifically, we revealed two distinct stages of the hyperoxia phase with greater cellular proliferation and apoptosis activities and upregulation of adenosine signaling at postnatal 9 day (P9) but reduced cellular activities and adenosine-A2A R signaling at P12. Importantly, the A2A R-mediated protection at P9 was associated with the reversal of hyperoxia-induced inhibition of progenitor cells at the peripheral retina at P9 and of retinal endothelial proliferation at P9 and P12. The critical role of cellular proliferation in the hyperoxia-induced retinal vascular loss was validated by the increased avascular areas by siRNA knockdown of the multiple signaling molecules involved in modulation of cellular proliferation, including activin receptor-like kinase 1, DNA-binding protein inhibitor 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Juan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yijia Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng You
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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22
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Adak S, Magdalene D, Deshmukh S, Das D, Jaganathan BG. A Review on Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Retinal Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1154-1173. [PMID: 33410097 PMCID: PMC7787584 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been studied extensively for the treatment of several retinal diseases. The therapeutic potential of MSCs lies in its ability to differentiate into multiple lineages and secretome enriched with immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic and neurotrophic factors. Several studies have reported the role of MSCs in repair and regeneration of the damaged retina where the secreted factors from MSCs prevent retinal degeneration, improve retinal morphology and function. MSCs also donate mitochondria to rescue the function of retinal cells and exosomes secreted by MSCs were found to have anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Based on several promising results obtained from the preclinical studies, several clinical trials were initiated to explore the potential advantages of MSCs for the treatment of retinal diseases. This review summarizes the various properties of MSCs that help to repair and restore the damaged retinal cells and its potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjucta Adak
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Damaris Magdalene
- Department of Strabismus, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Saurabh Deshmukh
- Department of Strabismus, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dipankar Das
- Department of Pathology, Sri Sankaradeva Nethralaya Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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23
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretomes for therapeutic potential of premature infant diseases. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222738. [PMID: 32320046 PMCID: PMC7953482 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is a complex syndrome and remains a substantial public health problem globally. Its common complications include periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Despite great advances in the comprehension of the pathogenesis and improvements in neonatal intensive care and associated medicine, preterm birth-related diseases remain essentially without adequate treatment and can lead to high morbidity and mortality. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) appears promising as evidenced by their efficacy in preclinical models of pathologies relevant to premature infant complications. MSC-based therapeutic efficacy is closely associated with MSC secretomes and a subsequent paracrine action response to tissue injuries, which are complex and abundant in response to the local microenvironment. In the current review, we summarize the paracrine mechanisms of MSC secretomes underlying diverse preterm birth-related diseases, including PVL, BPD, NEC and ROP, are summarized, and focus is placed on MSC-conditioned media (CM) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key mediators of modulatory action, thereby providing new insights for future therapies in newborn medicine.
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24
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Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Willis GR, Yeung V, Reis M, Liu X, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Oxygen-Induced Multi-Organ Disease: A Developmental Perspective. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647025. [PMID: 33796534 PMCID: PMC8007882 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in neonatal intensive care, infants born at extremely low birth weight still face an increased risk for chronic illness that may persist into adulthood. Pulmonary, retinal, and neurocognitive morbidities associated with preterm birth remain widespread despite interventions designed to minimize organ dysfunction. The design of therapeutic applications for preterm pathologies sharing common underlying triggers, such as fluctuations in oxygen supply or in the inflammatory state, requires alternative strategies that promote anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and trophic activities—ideally as a unitary treatment. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MEx) possess such inherent advantages, and they represent a most promising treatment candidate, as they have been shown to contribute to immunomodulation, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration. Current pre-clinical studies into the MEx mechanism of action are focusing on their restorative capability in the context of preterm birth-related pathologies, albeit not always with a multisystemic focus. This perspective will discuss the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the multisystemic lesions resulting from early-life disruption of normal physiology triggered by high oxygen exposures and pro-inflammatory conditions and introduce the application of MEx as immunomodulators and growth-promoting mediators for multisystem therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gareth R Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vincent Yeung
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Monica Reis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xianlan Liu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Antioxidant and Biological Properties of Mesenchymal Cells Used for Therapy in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100983. [PMID: 33066211 PMCID: PMC7602011 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both tissue repair and regeneration are a priority in regenerative medicine. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a complex retinal disease characterized by the progressive loss of impaired photoreceptors, is currently lacking effective therapies: this represents one of the greatest challenges in the field of ophthalmological research. Although this inherited retinal dystrophy is still an incurable genetic disease, the oxidative damage is an important pathogenetic element that may represent a viable target of therapy. In this review, we summarize the current neuroscientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of cell therapies in RP, especially those based on mesenchymal cells, and we focus on their therapeutic action: limitation of both oxidative stress and apoptotic processes triggered by the disease and promotion of cell survival. Cell therapy could therefore represent a feasible therapeutic option in RP.
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26
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Mathew SA, Naik C, Cahill PA, Bhonde RR. Placental mesenchymal stromal cells as an alternative tool for therapeutic angiogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:253-265. [PMID: 31468060 PMCID: PMC11104823 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of angiogenesis is a phenomenon observed in several disorders such as diabetic foot, critical limb ischemia and myocardial infarction. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess angiogenic potential and have recently emerged as a powerful tool for cell therapy to promote angiogenesis. Although bone marrow-derived MSCs are the primary cell of choice, obtaining them has become a challenge. The placenta has become a popular alternative as it is a highly vascular organ, easily available and ethically more favorable with a rich supply of MSCs. Comparatively, placenta-derived MSCs (PMSCs) are clinically promising due to their proliferative, migratory, clonogenic and immunomodulatory properties. PMSCs release a plethora of cytokines and chemokines key to angiogenic signaling and facilitate the possibility of delivering PMSC-derived exosomes as a targeted therapy to promote angiogenesis. However, there still remains the challenge of heterogeneity in the isolated populations, questions on the maternal or fetal origin of these cells and the diversity in previously reported isolation and culture conditions. Nonetheless, the growing rate of clinical trials using PMSCs clearly indicates a shift in favor of PMSCs. The overall aim of the review is to highlight the importance of this rather poorly understood cell type and emphasize the need for further investigations into their angiogenic potential as an alternative source for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja Ann Mathew
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Allalasandra, Near Royal Orchid, Yellahanka, Bangalore, 560 065, India.
| | - Charuta Naik
- School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Allalasandra, Near Royal Orchid, Yellahanka, Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | - Paul A Cahill
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Glasnevin Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ramesh R Bhonde
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (DPU), Pimpri, Pune, 411018, India.
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27
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Limoli PG, Vingolo EM, Limoli C, Nebbioso M. Stem Cell Surgery and Growth Factors in Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients: Pilot Study after Literature Review. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7040094. [PMID: 31801246 PMCID: PMC6966474 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate whether grafting of autologous mesenchymal cells, adipose-derived stem cells, and platelet-rich plasma into the supracoroideal space by surgical treatment with the Limoli retinal restoration technique (LRRT) can exert a beneficial effect in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients. Twenty-one eyes underwent surgery and were divided based on retinal foveal thickness (FT) ≤ 190 or > 190 µm into group A-FT and group B-FT, respectively. The specific LRRT triad was grafted in a deep scleral pocket above the choroid of each eye. At 6-month follow-up, group B showed a non-significant improvement in residual close-up visus and sensitivity at microperimetry compared to group A. After an in-depth review of molecular biology studies concerning degenerative phenomena underlying the etiopathogenesis of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), it was concluded that further research is needed on tapeto-retinal degenerations, both from a clinical and molecular point of view, to obtain better functional results. In particular, it is necessary to increase the number of patients, extend observation timeframes, and treat subjects in the presence of still trophic retinal tissue to allow adequate biochemical and functional catering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Giuseppe Limoli
- Low Vision Research Centre of Milan, p.zza Sempione 3, 20145 Milan, Italy; (P.G.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Enzo Maria Vingolo
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Celeste Limoli
- Low Vision Research Centre of Milan, p.zza Sempione 3, 20145 Milan, Italy; (P.G.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Sapienza University of Rome, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49975422; Fax: +39-06-49975425
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Gaddam S, Periasamy R, Gangaraju R. Adult Stem Cell Therapeutics in Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194876. [PMID: 31575089 PMCID: PMC6801872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a complication of diabetes, is one of the leading causes of blindness in working-age adults. The pathology of the disease prevents the endogenous stem cells from participating in the natural repair of the diseased retina. Current treatments, specifically stem cell therapeutics, have shown variable efficacy in preclinical models due to the multi-faceted nature of the disease. Among the various adult stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, especially those derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow, have been explored as a possible treatment for DR. This review summarizes the current literature around the various adult stem cell treatments for the disease and outlines the benefits and limitations of the therapeutics that are being explored in the field. The paracrine nature of adipose stem cells, in particular, has been highlighted as a potential solution to the lack of a homing and conducive environment that poses a challenge to the implantation of exogenous stem cells in the target tissue. Various methods of mesenchymal stem cell priming to adapt to a hostile retinal microenvironment have been discussed. Current clinical trials and potential safety concerns have been examined, and the future directions of stem cell therapeutics in DR have also been contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriprachodaya Gaddam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Ramesh Periasamy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Rajashekhar Gangaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Wang Y, Lan C, Liao X, Chen D, Song W, Zhang Q. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide potentially attenuates diabetic retinal injury in a diabetic rat model. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:915-924. [PMID: 30426692 PMCID: PMC6626950 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION To investigate the protective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) on the retina in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 120 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control, control model (meaning diabetes mellitus), and diabetes mellitus with PSP intervention of high, medium and low doses groups. The difference of retinal vascularization between groups was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran perfusion. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining was used to assess apoptosis in the retinal ganglion cells; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were utilized to evaluate the expression of Bcl2-associated X protein, B-cell lymphoma-2 factor, epidermal growth factor, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, transforming growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factor at the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein level. RESULTS Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran perfusion showed retinal vascular anomaly in diabetes mellitus rats, but vascular tortuosity and leakage were relatively alleviated after PSP intervention. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining showed numerous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive retinal cells in the diabetes mellitus group, which then were reduced by PSP treatment. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that PSP intervention decreased Bcl2-associated X protein, epidermal growth factor, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β messenger ribonucleic acid expression, but increased B-cell lymphoma-2 factor messenger ribonucleic acid expression. Western blot showed that PSP intervention upregulated the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 factor, and downregulated the expression of Bcl2-associated X protein, epidermal growth factor, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-β proteins. CONCLUSIONS Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide shows a protective effect against diabetes-induced retinal injury in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism of action deserves further study and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of OphthalmologyAffiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
- Department of OptometryInstitute of Optometry of Taishan Medical UniversityTaishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Changjun Lan
- Department of OphthalmologyAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
- Department of Ophthalmology and OptometryNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Xuan Liao
- Department of OphthalmologyAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
- Department of Ophthalmology and OptometryNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Di Chen
- Department of OphthalmologyAffiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
- Department of OptometryInstitute of Optometry of Taishan Medical UniversityTaishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Wengang Song
- Life Science Research CenterTaishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Qiuling Zhang
- Life Science Research CenterTaishan Medical UniversityTai'anChina
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30
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Role of TGF-Beta1/SMAD2/3 Pathway in Retinal Outer Deep Vascular Plexus and Photoreceptor Damage in Rat 50/10 Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4072319. [PMID: 31240212 PMCID: PMC6556365 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4072319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), outer deep vascular plexus (oDVP) was the emerging field, and the mechanisms of photoreceptor dysfunction remained to be explored. ODVP and photoreceptors were related, with oDVP being part of the supplier of oxygen and nutrients to photoreceptors, while their possible relationship in ROP was not clear. TGF-beta1 has been reported indispensable in oDVP development and altered in ROP patients and animal models. We hypothesized that the TGF-beta1 alteration in rat 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model contributed to oDVP malformation and exerted consequent effects on photoreceptor development. We first explored the profile of oDVP development in rat after birth and compared the expression of TGF-beta1 and pSMAD2/3 in Normoxia and OIR groups. Afterwards, the inhibitor of the pathway, LY364947, was used to establish the OIR, OIR+LY364947, Normoxia, and Normoxia+LY364947 groups. The oDVP and photoreceptor were examined by Isolectin B4 staining, western-blot of CD31 and Rho, and electron microscopy. ODVP sprouted at postnatal day 10 (D10) and reached the edge of retina at D14. The TGF-beta1/SMAD2/3 pathway was compromised during the critical period of oDVP development. The inhibitor simulated the oDVP retardation, pericyte, and photoreceptor malformation in the Normoxia+LY364947 group and might further compromise the development of oDVP and photoreceptor in the OIR+LY364947 group. The inhibition of the TGF-beta1/SMAD2/3 pathway indicated its critical role in oDVP malformation and photoreceptor damage, suggesting a possible therapeutic target of ROP treatment.
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31
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Ding SSL, Subbiah SK, Khan MSA, Farhana A, Mok PL. Empowering Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Ocular Degenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071784. [PMID: 30974904 PMCID: PMC6480671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been employed in numerous pre-clinical and clinical settings for various diseases. MSCs have been used in treating degenerative disorders pertaining to the eye, for example, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, and optic neuritis. Despite the known therapeutic role and mechanisms of MSCs, low cell precision towards the targeted area and cell survivability at tissue needing repair often resulted in a disparity in therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the current and feasible strategy options to enhance treatment outcomes with MSC therapy. We will review the application of various types of biomaterials and advances in nanotechnology, which have been employed on MSCs to augment cellular function and differentiation for improving treatment of visual functions. In addition, several modes of gene delivery into MSCs and the types of associated therapeutic genes that are important for modulation of ocular tissue function and repair will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Suet Lee Ding
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammed Safwan Ali Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Aljouf Province, Saudi Arabia.
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32
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Trost A, Bruckner D, Rivera FJ, Reitsamer HA. Pericytes in the Retina. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1122:1-26. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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33
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The Controversial Role of TGF-β in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113363. [PMID: 30373226 PMCID: PMC6275040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional transforming growth factors-beta (TGF-βs) have been extensively studied regarding their role in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), a major cause of severe visual loss in the elderly in developed countries. Despite this, their effect remains somewhat controversial. Indeed, both pro- and antiangiogenic activities have been suggested for TGF-β signaling in the development and progression of nAMD, and opposite therapies have been proposed targeting the inhibition or activation of the TGF-β pathway. The present article summarizes the current literature linking TGF-β and nAMD, and reviews experimental data supporting both pro- and antiangiogenic hypotheses, taking into account the limitations of the experimental approaches.
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34
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Kim HW, Lee HS, Kang JM, Bae SH, Kim C, Lee SH, Schwarz J, Kim GJ, Kim JS, Cha DH, Kim J, Chang SW, Lee TH, Moon J. Dual Effects of Human Placenta-Derived Neural Cells on Neuroprotection and the Inhibition of Neuroinflammation in a Rodent Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:814-830. [PMID: 29871515 PMCID: PMC6047269 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718766324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease
in the elderly and the patients suffer from uncontrolled movement disorders due to loss of
dopaminergic (DA) neurons on substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). We previously reported
that transplantation of human fetal midbrain-derived neural precursor cells restored the
functional deficits of a 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA)-treated rodent model of PD but its
low viability and ethical issues still remain to be solved. Albeit immune privilege and
neural differentiation potentials suggest mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various
tissues including human placenta MSCs (hpMSCs) for an alternative source, our
understanding of their therapeutic mechanisms is still limited. To expand our knowledge on
the MSC-mediated PD treatment, we here investigated the therapeutic mechanism of hpMSCs
and hpMSC-derived neural phenotype cells (hpNPCs) using a PD rat model. Whereas both
hpMSCs and hpNPCs protected DA neurons in the SNpc at comparable levels, the hpNPC
transplantation into 6-OHDA treated rats exhibited longer lasting recovery in motor
deficits than either the saline or the hpMSC treated rats. The injected hpNPCs induced
delta-like ligand (DLL)1 and neurotrophic factors, and influenced environments prone to
neuroprotection. Compared with hpMSCs, co-cultured hpNPCs more efficiently protected
primary neural precursor cells from midbrain against 6-OHDA as well as induced their
differentiation into DA neurons. Further experiments with conditioned media from hpNPCs
revealed that the secreted factors from hpNPCs modulated immune responses and neural
protection. Taken together, both DLL1-mediated contact signals and paracrine factors play
critical roles in hpNPC-mediated improvement. First showing here that hpMSCs and their
neural derivative hpNPCs were able to restore the PD-associated deficits via dual
mechanisms, neuroprotection and immunosuppression, this study expanded our knowledge of
therapeutic mechanisms in PD and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wool Kim
- 1 General Medical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seob Lee
- 1 General Medical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jun Mo Kang
- 1 General Medical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Bae
- 1 General Medical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,2 Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chul Kim
- 1 General Medical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Johannes Schwarz
- 4 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- 5 Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jin-Su Kim
- 6 Molecular Imaging Research Center, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Cha
- 7 Deparment of Ob and Gyn, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joopyung Kim
- 8 Department of Neurosurgery, Bundang CHA Hospital, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Sung Woon Chang
- 9 Department of Ob and Gyn, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- 10 Formulae Pharmacology Department, School of Oriental Medicine, Gachon University, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jisook Moon
- 1 General Medical Research Institute, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,2 Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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35
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Tosi GM, Neri G, Caldi E, Fusco F, Bacci T, Tarantello A, Nuti E, Marigliani D, Baiocchi S, Traversi C, Barbarino M, Eandi CM, Parolini B, Mundo L, Santucci A, Orlandini M, Galvagni F. TGF-β concentrations and activity are down-regulated in the aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8053. [PMID: 29795291 PMCID: PMC5966430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversy still exists regarding the role of the TGF-β in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), a major cause of severe visual loss in the elderly in developed countries. Here, we measured the concentrations of active TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 by ELISA in the aqueous humor of 20 patients affected by nAMD, who received 3 consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF-A antibody. Samples were collected at baseline (before the first injection), month 1 (before the second injection), and month 2 (before the third injection). The same samples were used in a luciferase-based reporter assay to test the TGF-β pathway activation. Active TGF-β1 concentrations in the aqueous humor were below the minimum detectable dose. Active TGF-β2 concentrations were significantly lower at baseline and at month 1, compared to controls. No significant differences in active TGF-β3 concentration were found among the sample groups. Moreover, TGF-β pathway activation was significantly lower at baseline compared to controls. Our data corroborate an anti-angiogenic role for TGF-β2 in nAMD. This should be considered from the perspective of a therapy using TGF-β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Tosi
- University of Siena, Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- University of Siena, Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Elena Caldi
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Fiorella Fusco
- University of Siena, Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bacci
- University of Siena, Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Antonio Tarantello
- University of Siena, Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Nuti
- University of Siena, Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Davide Marigliani
- University of Siena, Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Stefano Baiocchi
- University of Siena, Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Claudio Traversi
- University of Siena, Ophthalmology Unit of the Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Marcella Barbarino
- University of Siena, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Chiara M Eandi
- University of Turin, Department of Surgical Science, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Mundo
- University of Siena, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Orlandini
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Siena, 53100, Italy.
| | - Federico Galvagni
- University of Siena, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Siena, 53100, Italy.
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36
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Kong T, Park JM, Jang JH, Kim CY, Bae SH, Choi Y, Jeong YH, Kim C, Chang SW, Kim J, Moon J. Immunomodulatory effect of CD200-positive human placenta-derived stem cells in the early phase of stroke. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e425. [PMID: 29328072 PMCID: PMC5799796 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human placenta amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) regulate immune responses, and this property can be exploited to treat stroke patients via cell therapy. We investigated the expression profile of AMSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions and observed interesting expression changes in various genes involved in immune regulation. CD200, an anti-inflammatory factor and positive regulator of TGF-β, was more highly expressed under hypoxic conditions than normoxic conditions. Furthermore, AMSCs exhibited inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in co-cultures with LPS-primed BV2 microglia, and this effect was decreased in CD200-silenced AMSCs. The AMSCs transplanted into the ischemic rat model of stroke dramatically inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and up-regulated CD200, as compared with the levels in the sham-treated group. Moreover, decreased microglia activation in the boundary region and improvements in behavior were confirmed in AMSC-treated ischemic rats. The results suggested that the highly expressed CD200 from the AMSCs in a hypoxic environment modulates levels of inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation, thus increasing the therapeutic recovery potential after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, and further demonstrated the immunomodulatory function of AMSCs in a stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeHo Kong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Ji Hyon Jang
- Department of OB. & GYN., Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Bundang, Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yun-Hwa Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Chul Kim
- General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Sung Woon Chang
- Department of OB. & GYN., Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University, Bundang, Korea
| | - Joopyung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bundang CHA hospital, CHA university school of medicine, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Jisook Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.,General Research Institute, Bundang CHA general Hospital, Seongnam-si, Korea
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37
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Yan WF, Nie CF, Wu G, Zhang JC, Zhu YZ, Zhang W, Sun PC. Soluble interleukin‑2 receptor as a factor associated with angiogenesis in gastric cancer. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6916-6919. [PMID: 28901504 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis serves a role in the growth, metastasis and prognosis of tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the angiogenic ability and clinical significance of the immune biomarker soluble interleukin‑2 receptor (sIL‑2R) in gastric cancer (GC) patients. Serum levels of sIL‑2R were measured in 35 GC patients with different stages of disease and 32 healthy individuals, and it was investigated whether the levels were associated with angiogenesis factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with or without recombinant human (rh)sIL‑2R, VEGF and TGF‑β1 for 24 h, and then the HUVECSs were harvested to determine the degree of angiogenesis. The supernatants were also collected for VEGF and TGF‑β1 testing. Serum levels of sIL‑2R were higher in GC patients than in healthy individuals, as were the levels of VEGF and TGF‑β1. In addition, serum levels of sIL‑2R were positively associated with the levels of VEGF and TGF‑β1. Angiogenesis of HUVECs was also increased by rhsIL‑2R pretreatment. VEGF and TGF‑β1 secretion were also incre-ased in supernatants that were pretreated with rhsIL‑2R. The results of the present study suggested that serum levels of sIL‑2R contributes to the pathophysiology of GC progression and may be used as a prognostic biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Fu Nie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Cheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Zeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Chun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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38
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A Critical Analysis of the Available In Vitro and Ex Vivo Methods to Study Retinal Angiogenesis. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:3034953. [PMID: 28848677 PMCID: PMC5564124 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3034953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a biological process with a central role in retinal diseases. The choice of the ideal method to study angiogenesis, particularly in the retina, remains a problem. Angiogenesis can be assessed through in vitro and in vivo studies. In spite of inherent limitations, in vitro studies are faster, easier to perform and quantify, and typically less expensive and allow the study of isolated angiogenesis steps. We performed a systematic review of PubMed searching for original articles that applied in vitro or ex vivo angiogenic retinal assays until May 2017, presenting the available assays and discussing their applicability, advantages, and disadvantages. Most of the studies evaluated migration, proliferation, and tube formation of endothelial cells in response to inhibitory or stimulatory compounds. Other aspects of angiogenesis were studied by assessing cell permeability, adhesion, or apoptosis, as well as by implementing organotypic models of the retina. Emphasis is placed on how the methods are applied and how they can contribute to retinal angiogenesis comprehension. We also discuss how to choose the best cell culture to implement these methods. When applied together, in vitro and ex vivo studies constitute a powerful tool to improve retinal angiogenesis knowledge. This review provides support for researchers to better select the most suitable protocols in this field.
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39
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Cellular Reparative Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081406. [PMID: 28788088 PMCID: PMC5577990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported as promising for the treatment of numerous degenerative disorders including the eye. In retinal degenerative diseases, MSCs exhibit the potential to regenerate into retinal neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Delivery of MSCs was found to improve retinal morphology and function and delay retinal degeneration. In this review, we revisit the therapeutic role of MSCs in the diseased eye. Furthermore, we reveal the possible cellular mechanisms and identify the associated signaling pathways of MSCs in reversing the pathological conditions of various ocular disorders such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma. Current stem cell treatment can be dispensed as an independent cell treatment format or with the combination of other approaches. Hence, the improvement of the treatment strategy is largely subjected by our understanding of MSCs mechanism of action.
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40
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Therapeutic efficacy of neural stem cells originating from umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic retinopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:408. [PMID: 28341839 PMCID: PMC5412648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intravitreal injection of neural stem cells (NSCs) originating from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) on neurodegeneration of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in rats. UC-MSCs were isolated and passaged, followed by induction to NSCs in neural differentiation medium. Four weeks following NSC transplantation, treatment attenuated retinal vascular dysfunction compared with non-treated rats, and BDNF and Thy-1 expression was significantly higher in the treated group than in the control group. Treatment of diabetic rats with NSCs prevented the decrease in BDNF levels caused by diabetes. The average leakage of Evans Blue (EB) dye in the treated group was significantly less than that in the control group. These morphological improvements were accompanied by a restoration of vision, as documented by F-ERG. NSCs originating from MSCs demonstrated a neuroprotective effect by increasing the number of surviving RGCs and significantly reducing the progression of DR. Thus, transplantation of NSCs could be a novel strategy for the treatment of neurodegeneration in DR.
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41
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Trinh TLP, Li Calzi S, Shaw LC, Yoder MC, Grant MB. Promoting vascular repair in the retina: can stem/progenitor cells help? Eye Brain 2016; 8:113-122. [PMID: 28539806 PMCID: PMC5398749 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s94451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first epidemic in the 1940s, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been a challenging illness in neonatology. Higher than physiological oxygen levels impede the development of the immature retinal neuropil and vasculature. Current treatment regimens include cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, and anti-VEGF agents. Unfortunately, none of these approaches can rescue the normal retinal vasculature, and each has significant safety concerns. The limitations of these approaches have led to new efforts to understand the pathological characteristics in each phase of ROP and to find a safer and more effective therapeutic approach. In the era of stem cell biology and with the need for new treatments for ROP, this review discusses the possible future use of unique populations of proangiogenic cells for therapeutic revascularization of the preterm retina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics.,Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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