1
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Choi YJ, Kim Y, Hwang S. Role of Neutrophils in the Development of Steatotic Liver Disease. Semin Liver Dis 2024. [PMID: 39117322 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1789207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the biological aspects of neutrophils, their contributions to the development of steatotic liver disease, and their potential as therapeutic targets for the disease. Although alcohol-associated and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver diseases originate from distinct etiological factors, the two diseases frequently share excessive lipid accumulation as a common contributor to their pathogenesis, thereby classifying them as types of steatotic liver disease. Dysregulated lipid deposition in the liver induces hepatic injury, triggering the activation of the innate immunity, partially through neutrophil recruitment. Traditionally recognized for their role in microbial clearance, neutrophils have recently garnered attention for their involvement in sterile inflammation, a pivotal component of steatotic liver disease pathogenesis. In conclusion, technological innovations, including single-cell RNA sequencing, have gradually disclosed the existence of various neutrophil subsets; however, how the distinct subsets of neutrophil population contribute differentially to the development of steatotic liver disease remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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2
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Yang C, Yang Y, Hu X, Tang Q, Zhang J, Zhang P, Lu X, Xu J, Li S, Dong Z, Zhu L, Wang L. Loss of GCN5L1 exacerbates damage in alcoholic liver disease through ferroptosis activation. Liver Int 2024; 44:1924-1936. [PMID: 38597373 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Iron overload, oxidative stress and ferroptosis are associated with liver injury in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), however, the crosstalk among these regulatory pathways in ALD development is unclear. METHODS ALD mouse model and general control of amino acid synthesis 5 like 1 (GCN5L1) liver knockout mice were generated to investigate the role of GCN5L1 in ALD development. Proteomic screening tests were performed to identify the key factors mediating GCN5L1 loss-induced ALD. RESULTS Gene Expression Omnibus data set analysis indicates that GCN5L1 expression is negatively associated with ALD progression. GCN5L1 hepatic knockout mice develop severe liver injury and lipid accumulation when fed an alcohol diet. Screening tests identified that GCN5L1 targeted the mitochondrial iron transporter CISD1 to regulate mitochondrial iron homeostasis in ethanol-induced ferroptosis. GCN5L1-modulated CISD1 acetylation and activity were crucial for iron accumulation and ferroptosis in response to alcohol exposure. CONCLUSION Pharmaceutical modulation of CISD1 activity is critical for cellular iron homeostasis and ethanol-induced ferroptosis. The GCN5L1/CISD1 axis is crucial for oxidative stress and ethanol-induced ferroptosis in ALD and is a promising avenue for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuya Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Major Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiqi Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Major Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Major Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Major Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengni Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Epigenetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingdi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Major Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Zhao YX, Sun YY, Li LY, Li XF, Li HD, Chen X, Xia R, Yang YL, Jiang XY, Zuo LQ, Meng XM, Wang H, Huang C, Li J. Rab11b promotes M1-like macrophage polarization by restraining autophagic degradation of NLRP3 in alcohol-associated liver disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01333-5. [PMID: 38992121 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is vital to mounting a host defense or repairing tissue in various liver diseases. Excessive activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is related to the orchestration of inflammation and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) pathology. Rab GTPases play critical roles in regulating vesicular transport. In this study we investigated the role of Rab11b in ALD, aiming to identify effective therapeutic targets. Here, we first demonstrated a decreased expression of Rab11b in macrophages from ALD mice. Knockdown of Rab11b by macrophage-specific adeno-associated virus can alleviate alcohol induced liver inflammation, injury and steatosis. We found that LPS and alcohol stimulation promoted Rab11b transferring from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) cells. Rab11b specifically activated the NLRP3 inflammasome in BMDMs and RAW264.7 cells to induce M1 macrophage polarization. Rab11b overexpression in BMDMs inhibited autophagic flux, leading to the suppression of LC3B-mediated NLRP3 degradation. We conclude that impaired Rab11b could alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury via autophagy-mediated NLRP3 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Zhao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ying-Yin Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Liang-Yun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hai-di Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ran Xia
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ying-Li Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xin-Yu Jiang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Long-Quan Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital of Armed Police of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILD-AMU, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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4
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Mishra F, Yuan Y, Yang JJ, Li B, Chan P, Liu Z. Depletion of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells and Capillarized Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Using a Rationally Designed Protein for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Alcoholic Hepatitis Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7447. [PMID: 39000553 PMCID: PMC11242029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic hepatitis (AH) affect a large part of the general population worldwide. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and alcohol toxicity drive disease progression by the activation of hepatic stellate cells and the capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Collagen deposition, along with sinusoidal remodeling, alters sinusoid structure, resulting in hepatic inflammation, portal hypertension, liver failure, and other complications. Efforts were made to develop treatments for NASH and AH. However, the success of such treatments is limited and unpredictable. We report a strategy for NASH and AH treatment involving the induction of integrin αvβ3-mediated cell apoptosis using a rationally designed protein (ProAgio). Integrin αvβ3 is highly expressed in activated hepatic stellate cells (αHSCs), the angiogenic endothelium, and capillarized liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (caLSECs). ProAgio induces the apoptosis of these disease-driving cells, therefore decreasing collagen fibril, reversing sinusoid remodeling, and reducing immune cell infiltration. The reversal of sinusoid remodeling reduces the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules on LSECs, thus decreasing leukocyte infiltration/activation in the diseased liver. Our studies present a novel and effective approach for NASH and AH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Mishra
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jenny J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Payton Chan
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zhiren Liu
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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5
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Luo P, Yu X. ENPP2/Autotaxin: The potential drug target for alcoholic liver disease identified through Mendelian randomization analysis. Liver Int 2024; 44:1624-1633. [PMID: 38517150 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS At present, there is still a lack of radical drug targets for intervention in alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and drug discovery through randomized controlled trials is a lengthy, risky, and expensive undertaking, so we aimed to identify effective drug targets based on human genetics. METHODS We used Mendelian randomization (MR) and Bayesian colocalization analysis to investigate 2639 genes encoding druggable proteins and examined the causal effects on ALD (PMID 34737426: 456348 European with 451 cases and 455 897 controls). In addition, we conducted the mediation analysis to explore the potential mechanism using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of blood biomarkers as mediators. RESULTS We finally identified the drug target: ENPP2/Autotaxin and genetically proxied ENPP2/Autotaxin was causally associated with the risk of ALD (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.64 to 3.16, p = 7.49E-7). In addition, we found that the effect of ENPP2/Autotaxin on ALD may be partly mediated by effector memory CD8+ T cell (the proportion of mediation effect: 8.49%). CONCLUSIONS Our integrative analysis suggested that genetically determined levels of circulating ENPP2/Autotaxin have a causal effect on ALD risk and are a promising drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqiong Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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6
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Yin NN, Chen X, Sun YY, Yang L, Zhang YF, Niu XN, Song H, Huang C, Li J. PSTPIP2 protects against alcoholic liver injury and invokes STAT3-mediated suppression of apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116334. [PMID: 38824967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury (ALI) stands as a prevalent affliction within the spectrum of complex liver diseases. Prolonged and excessive alcohol consumption can pave the way for liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent findings have unveiled the protective role of proline serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) in combating liver ailments. However, the role of PSTPIP2 in ALI remains mostly unknown. This study aimed to determine the expression profile of PSTPIP2 in ALI and to uncover the mechanism through which PSTPIP2 affects the survival and apoptosis of hepatocytes in ALI, using both ethyl alcohol (EtOH)-fed mice and an EtOH-induced AML-12 cell model. We observed a consistent decrease in PSTPIP2 expression both in vivo and in vitro. Functionally, we assessed the impact of PSTPIP2 overexpression on ALI by administering adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-PSTPIP2 into mice. The results demonstrated that augmenting PSTPIP2 expression significantly shielded against liver parenchymal distortion and curbed caspase-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis in EtOH-induced ALI mice. Furthermore, enforcing PSTPIP2 expression reduced hepatocyte apoptosis in a stable PSTPIP2-overexpressing AML-12 cell line established through lentivirus-PSTPIP2 transfection in vitro. Mechanistically, this study also identified signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as a direct signaling pathway regulated by PSTPIP2 in ALI. In conclusion, our findings provide compelling evidence that PSTPIP2 has a regulatory role in hepatocyte apoptosis via the STAT3 pathway in ALI, suggesting PSTPIP2 as a promising therapeutic target for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Yin
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Pharmacology, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Huoshan County, Luan 237200, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying-Yin Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Ni Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Infection Hospital of Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei Infectious Disease Hospital, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Heng Song
- Office of Huoshan Vocational School, Luan 237200, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune-Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
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7
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Kumar H, Dhanjal DS, Guleria S, Nepovimova E, Sethi N, Dhalaria R, Kuca K. Hepatoprotective effects of fruits pulp, seed, and peel against chemical-induced toxicity: Insights from in vivo studies. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114742. [PMID: 38754807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The liver is a vital organ in human physiology positioned in the upper right quadrant of the peritoneal cavity, which plats a critical role in metabolic processes, detoxification of various substances and overall homeostasis. Along with these critical functions, hepatic diseases impose as significant global health threat. Liver illness is the cause of two million fatalities every year, or 4% of all deaths. Traditionally, healthcare providers have prescribed antibacterial and antiviral medications to address liver illness. Nephrotoxicity is a frequently observed negative reaction to drugs, with the majority of such events happening in individuals who have advanced cirrhosis. Thus, recognizing this gap, there is a dire need of exploration of pharmaceutical alterative for hepatic diseases, with special focus on their efficacy and reduced toxicity. Fruits have long been known to therapeutic impact on human health, thus exploration of fruits components namely pulp, seeds and peels containing phytochemicals have emerged as a promising avenue for hepatoprotective interventions. Thus, review comprehends the information about worldwide burden of chemical induced toxicity and injuries as well as highlight the on-going challenges in hepatic disease management. It also shed light on the valuable contributions fruit parts and their phytocompounds obtained from different components of fruits. Fruit pulp, especially when rich in flavonoids, has demonstrated significant potential in animal model studies. It has been observed to enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory markers. The methanolic and ethanolic extracts have demonstrated the most favorable outcomes. Further, this review also discusses about the safety assessments of fruits extracts for their utilization as hepatoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Shivani Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147001, India.
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Nidhi Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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8
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Bhat AA, Afzal M, Goyal A, Gupta G, Thapa R, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Shahwan M, Paudel KR, Ali H, Sahu D, Prasher P, Singh SK, Dua K. The impact of formaldehyde exposure on lung inflammatory disorders: Insights into asthma, bronchitis, and pulmonary fibrosis. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:111002. [PMID: 38604395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Lung inflammatory disorders are a major global health burden, impacting millions of people and raising rates of morbidity and death across many demographic groups. An industrial chemical and common environmental contaminant, formaldehyde (FA) presents serious health concerns to the respiratory system, including the onset and aggravation of lung inflammatory disorders. Epidemiological studies have shown significant associations between FA exposure levels and the incidence and severity of several respiratory diseases. FA causes inflammation in the respiratory tract via immunological activation, oxidative stress, and airway remodelling, aggravating pre-existing pulmonary inflammation and compromising lung function. Additionally, FA functions as a respiratory sensitizer, causing allergic responses and hypersensitivity pneumonitis in sensitive people. Understanding the complicated processes behind formaldehyde-induced lung inflammation is critical for directing targeted strategies aimed at minimizing environmental exposures and alleviating the burden of formaldehyde-related lung illnesses on global respiratory health. This abstract explores the intricate relationship between FA exposure and lung inflammatory diseases, including asthma, bronchitis, allergic inflammation, lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U.P., India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, 302017, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Dipak Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
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9
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Mackowiak B, Fu Y, Maccioni L, Gao B. Alcohol-associated liver disease. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e176345. [PMID: 38299591 PMCID: PMC10836812 DOI: 10.1172/jci176345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and comprises a spectrum of several different disorders, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and superimposed hepatocellular carcinoma. Although tremendous progress has been made in the field of ALD over the last 20 years, the pathogenesis of ALD remains obscure, and there are currently no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of ALD. In this Review, we discuss new insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of ALD, utilizing the study of multiomics and other cutting-edge approaches. The potential translation of these studies into clinical practice and therapy is deliberated. We also discuss preclinical models of ALD, interplay of ALD and metabolic dysfunction, alcohol-associated liver cancer, the heterogeneity of ALD, and some potential translational research prospects for ALD.
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Rastovic U, Bozzano SF, Riva A, Simoni-Nieves A, Harris N, Miquel R, Lackner C, Zen Y, Zamalloa A, Menon K, Heaton N, Chokshi S, Palma E. Human Precision-Cut Liver Slices: A Potential Platform to Study Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:150. [PMID: 38203321 PMCID: PMC10778645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) encompasses a range of pathological conditions that are complex to study at the clinical and preclinical levels. Despite the global burden of ALD, there is a lack of effective treatments, and mortality is high. One of the reasons for the unsuccessful development of novel therapies is that experimental studies are hindered by the challenge of recapitulating this multifactorial disorder in vitro, including the contributions of hepatotoxicity, impaired lipid metabolism, fibrosis and inflammatory cytokine storm, which are critical drivers in the pathogenesis of ALD in patients and primary targets for drug development. Here, we present the unique characteristics of the culture of human precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) to replicate key disease processes in ALD. PCLS were prepared from human liver specimens and treated with ethanol alone or in combination with fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide (FA + LPS) for up to 5 days to induce hepatotoxic, inflammatory and fibrotic events associated with ALD. Alcohol insult induced hepatocyte death which was more pronounced with the addition of FA + LPS. This mixture showed a significant increase in the cytokines conventionally associated with the prototypical inflammatory response observed in severe ALD, and interestingly, alcohol alone exhibited a different effect. Profibrogenic activation was also observed in the slices and investigated in the context of slice preparation. These results support the versatility of this organotypic model to study different pathways involved in alcohol-induced liver damage and ALD progression and highlight the applicability of the PCLS for drug discovery, confirming their relevance as a bridge between preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Rastovic
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Sergio Francesco Bozzano
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Antonio Riva
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Arturo Simoni-Nieves
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Nicola Harris
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Yoh Zen
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Elena Palma
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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11
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Harris PS, McGinnis CD, Michel CR, Marentette JO, Reisdorph R, Roede JR, Fritz KS. Click chemistry-based thiol redox proteomics reveals significant cysteine reduction induced by chronic ethanol consumption. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102792. [PMID: 37390786 PMCID: PMC10331594 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the U.S., alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) impacts millions of people and is a major healthcare burden. While the pathology of ALD is unmistakable, the molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol hepatotoxicity are not fully understood. Hepatic ethanol metabolism is intimately linked with alterations in extracellular and intracellular metabolic processes, specifically oxidation/reduction reactions. The xenobiotic detoxification of ethanol leads to significant disruptions in glycolysis, β-oxidation, and the TCA cycle, as well as oxidative stress. Perturbation of these regulatory networks impacts the redox status of critical regulatory protein thiols throughout the cell. Integrating these key concepts, our goal was to apply a cutting-edge approach toward understanding mechanisms of ethanol metabolism in disrupting hepatic thiol redox signaling. Utilizing a chronic murine model of ALD, we applied a cysteine targeted click chemistry enrichment coupled with quantitative nano HPLC-MS/MS to assess the thiol redox proteome. Our strategy reveals that ethanol metabolism largely reduces the cysteine proteome, with 593 cysteine residues significantly reduced and 8 significantly oxidized cysteines. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis demonstrates that ethanol metabolism reduces specific cysteines throughout ethanol metabolism (Adh1, Cat, Aldh2), antioxidant pathways (Prx1, Mgst1, Gsr), as well as many other biochemical pathways. Interestingly, a sequence motif analysis of reduced cysteines showed a correlation for hydrophilic, charged amino acids lysine or glutamic acid nearby. Further research is needed to determine how a reduced cysteine proteome impacts individual protein activity across these protein targets and pathways. Additionally, understanding how a complex array of cysteine-targeted post-translational modifications (e.g., S-NO, S-GSH, S-OH) are integrated to regulate redox signaling and control throughout the cell is key to the development of redox-centric therapeutic agents targeted to ameliorate the progression of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Harris
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Courtney D McGinnis
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cole R Michel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - John O Marentette
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Richard Reisdorph
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James R Roede
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kristofer S Fritz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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12
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Krylov D, Rodimova S, Karabut M, Kuznetsova D. Experimental Models for Studying Structural and Functional State of the Pathological Liver (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:65-82. [PMID: 38434194 PMCID: PMC10902899 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver pathologies remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of liver diseases, the possibilities of diagnosing, prognosing, and treating non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases still have a number of limitations and require the development of new methods and approaches. In laboratory studies, various models are used to reconstitute the pathological conditions of the liver, including cell cultures, spheroids, organoids, microfluidic systems, tissue slices. We reviewed the most commonly used in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models for studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, toxic liver injury, and fibrosis, described their advantages, limitations, and prospects for use. Great emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of development of pathological conditions in each model, as well as the assessment of the possibility of reconstructing various key aspects of pathogenesis for all these pathologies. There is currently no consensus on the choice of the most adequate model for studying liver pathology. The choice of a certain effective research model is determined by the specific purpose and objectives of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Krylov
- Laboratory Assistant, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Student, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - S.A. Rodimova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.M. Karabut
- Researcher, Laboratory of Genomics of Adaptive Antitumor Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D.S. Kuznetsova
- Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of the Research Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Researches, Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
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13
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Wang H, Shen H, Seo W, Hwang S. Experimental models of fatty liver diseases: Status and appraisal. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e00200. [PMID: 37378635 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver diseases, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affect a large number of people worldwide and become one of the major causes of end-stage liver disease, such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, there are currently no approved pharmacological treatments for ALD or NAFLD. This situation highlights the urgent need to explore new intervention targets and discover effective therapeutics for ALD and NAFLD. The lack of properly validated preclinical disease models is a major obstacle to the development of clinical therapies. ALD and NAFLD models have been in the development for decades, but there are still no models that recapitulate the full spectrum of ALD and NAFLD. Throughout this review, we summarize the current in vitro and in vivo models used for research on fatty liver diseases and discuss the advantages and limitations of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyuan Shen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang YR, Xie N, Zhang YJ, Wang L, Sun Z, Zeng T. High-fat diet promotes multiple binges-induced liver injury via promoting hepatic macrophage proinflammatory polarization. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:480-492. [PMID: 37397912 PMCID: PMC10311135 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and ethanol could synergistically induce liver damage, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. M1-polarized macrophages have been demonstrated to be key players in ethanol-induced liver damage. The current study was designed to investigate whether hepatic steatosis could promote ethanol-induced liver injury by promoting liver macrophage M1 polarization. In the in vivo study, 12 weeks of HFD feeding induced a moderate increase in the F4/80 expression and protein levels of p-IKKα/β, p-IκBα, and p-p65, which was suppressed by single binge. In contrast, 8 weeks of HFD and multiple binges (two binges per week during the last 4 weeks) synergistically increased the F4/80 expression, mRNA levels of M1 polarization biomarkers including Ccl2, Tnfa, and Il1b, and protein levels of p65, p-p65, COX2, and Caspase 1. In the in vitro study, a nontoxic free fatty acids (FFAs) mixture (oleic acid/palmitic acid = 2: 1) induced a moderate increase of protein levels of p-p65 and NLRP3 in murine AML12 hepatocytes, which was inhibited by ethanol co-exposure. Ethanol alone induced proinflammatory polarization of murine J774A.1 macrophages evidenced by the enhanced secretion of TNF-α, increased mRNA levels of Ccl2, Tnfa, and Il1b, and upregulated protein levels of p65, p-p65, NLRP3, and Caspase 1, which was augmented by FFAs exposure. Collectively, these results suggest that HFD and multiple binges could synergistically induce liver damage by promoting the proinflammatory activation of macrophages in mice livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Na Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jining Third People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272100, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhan Sun
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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15
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Shi JF, Liu Y, Wang Y, Gao R, Wang Y, Liu J. Targeting ferroptosis, a novel programmed cell death, for the potential of alcohol-related liver disease therapy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1194343. [PMID: 37214434 PMCID: PMC10196366 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1194343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new iron-dependent cell death mode, which is different from the other types of programmed cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Ferroptosis is characterized by a process in which fatal lipids from lipid peroxidation accumulate in cells and eventually lead to cell death. Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a type of liver injury caused by excessive alcohol intake. Alcohol-related liver disease is a broad-spectrum disease category, which includes fatty liver, steatohepatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular tumors. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis is involved in the pathological development of non-viral liver diseases. Therefore, ferroptosis may be an ideal target for the treatment of non-viral liver diseases. In this review article, we will elaborate the molecular mechanism and regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis, explore the key role of ferroptosis in the Alcohol-related liver disease process, and summarize the existing targeted ferroptosis drugs and their feasibility for the treatment of Alcohol-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fen Shi
- Institute for Health Policy and Hospital Management, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu’e Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Ru Gao
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Wenjiang District People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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16
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Maccioni L, Kasavuli J, Leclercq S, Pirlot B, Laloux G, Horsmans Y, Leclercq I, Schnabl B, Stärkel P. Toll-like receptor 2 activation in monocytes contributes to systemic inflammation and alcohol-associated liver disease in humans. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0107. [PMID: 37058088 PMCID: PMC10109139 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE In the context of gut leakiness and translocation of microbial products in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), it is possible that systemic and liver inflammation involve the activation of circulating monocyte through gut-derived factors. We explored the association between monocytes, microbial translocation, systemic inflammation, and ALD. METHODS Patients with alcohol use disorder following a rehabilitation program were compared with healthy controls. We determined the circulating number and proportion of monocyte subsets by FACS. The activation of signaling pathways by gut-derived microbes was analyzed by quantitative PCR in isolated monocytes. Cytokines secretion by monocytes and phagocytosis were assessed in vitro. Serum microbial translocation markers and cytokines were measured by ELISA and multiplex assay, respectively. ALD severity and liver inflammatory responses were analyzed in liver biopsies by various methods. RESULTS In patients with alcohol use disorder, the number of blood monocytes increased compared with controls. Monocytes from patients with alcohol use disorder upregulated IL-1β and IL-8 together with toll-like receptor 2 and downstream AP-1, while fungal sensor CARD9 was downregulated. IL-1β and IL-8 were actively secreted upon stimulation in vitro with the toll-like receptor 2 ligand peptidoglycan. Exposure with Escherichia coli confirmed preserved bacterial phagocytic activity. In contrast, Candida albicans stimulation leads to downregulation of IL-1β and TNFα compared with controls. Systemic cytokines and monocyte changes correlated with microbial translocation. Hepatic IL-1β and IL-8 increased with ALD severity together with liver macrophage activation and upregulation of chemokines involved in monocyte attraction. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to the contribution of activated monocytes to systemic inflammation and ALD. Monocytes likely infiltrate the liver, transform into monocyte-derived macrophages and release IL-1β and IL-8 in response to peptidoglycan and toll-like receptor 2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maccioni
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joyce Kasavuli
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Leclercq
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Boris Pirlot
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Laloux
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepatogastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Anton PE, Rutt LN, Capper C, Orlicky DJ, McCullough RL. Profiling the oxylipidome in aged mice after chronic ethanol feeding: Identifying lipid metabolites as drivers of hepatocyte stress. Alcohol 2023; 107:119-135. [PMID: 36150611 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The global population of people over the age of 65 is increasing and expected to reach 1.5 billion by 2050. While aging is associated with a number of chronic illnesses including dementia, the underlying contribution of alcohol misuse in the elderly is understudied. Long-term chronic alcohol misuse can lead to alcohol-associated liver disease, consisting of a spectrum of pathologies, including steatosis and cirrhosis; liver disease can be rapidly accelerated by non-resolving inflammation. Despite this knowledge, the mechanistic underpinnings of dysregulated host immunity and accelerated liver disease progression in the aged by alcohol is unknown. Alcohol misuse in the elderly is on the rise and aging is associated with progressive increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The goals of the current study are to characterize bioactive lipid mediators of inflammation by making use of a murine model of ethanol-induced liver disease in 3-month-old and 20-month-old mice by quantitatively profiling selected oxylipins in liver, brain and plasma. Following chronic ethanol exposure, liver injury, steatosis, and senescence markers were robustly increased in aged mice compared to young adult mice. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and lipid metabolizing enzymes were increased in liver by both age and ethanol feeding. Lipoxygenase-derived lipid metabolites 9- and 13-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid were increased in liver and plasma in ethanol-fed aged mice and positively correlated with liver injury. In plasma, 9,10-dihydroxy-octadecenoic acid/epoxy-octadecenoic acid plasma ratios correlated with liver injury in ethanol-fed aged mice. Finally, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 9,10-dihydroxy-octadecenoic acid positively correlated between liver and plasma. Importantly, leukotriene E4, 9,10-dihydroxy-octadecenoic acid and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid increased lipid accumulation and ER stress in cultured AML12 hepatocytes. These data highlight the complexity of lipid metabolite networks but identify key mediators that may be used for diagnostic and prognostic markers in early stages of alcohol-related liver disease in patients of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Anton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lauren N Rutt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Courtney Capper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca L McCullough
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Colorado University Alcohol Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; GI and Liver Innate Immune Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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18
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Zogona D, Zongo AWS, Elkhedir AE, Salah M, Tao M, Li R, Wu T, Xu X. Red raspberry supplementation mitigates alcohol-induced liver injury associated with gut microbiota alteration and intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1209-1226. [PMID: 36602148 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03245g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is still a global health concern. Long-term alcohol intake alters the gut microbiota diversity and metabolic activity, and causes intestinal barrier dysfunction, leading to the development of ALD. This research explored the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of red raspberry (RR) on alcohol-related disorders in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a standard diet or a standard diet supplemented with 2%, 4%, and 8% weight/weight RR. Meanwhile, mice were administered 35% (v/v) ethanol (EtOH, 10 mL per kg body weight) intragastrically once daily for six weeks, except the control group mice. The results showed that RR supplementation decreased liver injury markers (alanine and aspartate transaminases) in the serum, reduced triglyceride level in the liver and downregulated hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 mRNA expression in mice administered EtOH. In addition, EtOH-mediated oxidative stress in the liver was attenuated by RR supplementation through decreased hepatic malondialdehyde content and increased antioxidant (glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) levels and activities in mice exposed to EtOH. Moreover, RR supplementation reversed EtOH-induced alteration in the cecal microbial composition at the phylum, order, genus, and species levels and improved the intestinal barrier function associated with the inhibition of the NF-κB/MLCK pathway, which was accompanied by upregulation of tight junctions (zonula occludens 1, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-4) and E-cadherin mRNA and protein expressions. Accordingly, RR supplementation resulted in a decreased level of endotoxins in the serum and attenuation of the inflammatory response in the liver, illustrated by a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels. Overall, RR supplementation alleviated the adverse effects of chronic alcohol intake in C57BL/6J mice and could be a potential supplement for improving ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zogona
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Center for Research in Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Abel Wend-Soo Zongo
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Center for Research in Biological Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdeen E Elkhedir
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mahmoud Salah
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. .,Department of Environmental Agricultural Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Environmental Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mingfang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit & Vegetable Processing & Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Han J, Lee C, Hur J, Jung Y. Current Therapeutic Options and Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Alcoholic Liver Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010022. [PMID: 36611816 PMCID: PMC9818513 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a globally prevalent chronic liver disease caused by chronic or binge consumption of alcohol. The therapeutic efficiency of current therapies for ALD is limited, and there is no FDA-approved therapy for ALD at present. Various strategies targeting pathogenic events in the progression of ALD are being investigated in preclinical and clinical trials. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for ALD treatment and have been tested in several clinical trials. MSC-released factors have captured attention, as they have the same therapeutic function as MSCs. Herein, we focus on current therapeutic options, recently proposed strategies, and their limitations in ALD treatment. Also, we review the therapeutic effects of MSCs and those of MSC-related secretory factors on ALD. Although accumulating evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of MSCs and related factors in ALD, the mechanisms underlying their actions in ALD have not been well studied. Further investigations of the detailed mechanisms underlying the therapeutic role of MSCs in ALD are required to expand MSC therapies to clinical applications. This review provides information on current or possible treatments for ALD and contributes to our understanding of the development of effective and safe treatments for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Systems Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- PNU GRAND Convergence Medical Science Education Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Y.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8074 (J.H.); +82-51-510-2262 (Y.J.)
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (Y.J.); Tel.: +82-51-510-8074 (J.H.); +82-51-510-2262 (Y.J.)
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20
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Park SH, Seo W, Xu MJ, Mackowiak B, Lin Y, He Y, Fu Y, Hwang S, Kim SJ, Guan Y, Feng D, Yu L, Lehner R, Liangpunsakul S, Gao B. Ethanol and its Nonoxidative Metabolites Promote Acute Liver Injury by Inducing ER Stress, Adipocyte Death, and Lipolysis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 15:281-306. [PMID: 36243320 PMCID: PMC9791137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Binge drinking in patients with metabolic syndrome accelerates the development of alcohol-associated liver disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated if oxidative and nonoxidative alcohol metabolism pathways, diet-induced obesity, and adipose tissues influenced the development of acute liver injury in a single ethanol binge model. METHODS A single ethanol binge was administered to chow-fed or high-fat diet (HFD)-fed wild-type and genetically modified mice. RESULTS Oral administration of a single dose of ethanol induced acute liver injury and hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in chow- or HFD-fed mice. Disruption of the Adh1 gene increased blood ethanol concentration and exacerbated acute ethanol-induced ER stress and liver injury in both chow-fed and HFD-fed mice, while disruption of the Aldh2 gene did not affect such hepatic injury despite high blood acetaldehyde levels. Mechanistic studies showed that alcohol, not acetaldehyde, promoted hepatic ER stress, fatty acid synthesis, and increased adipocyte death and lipolysis, contributing to acute liver injury. Increased serum fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs), which are formed by an enzyme-mediated esterification of ethanol with fatty acids, were detected in mice after ethanol gavage, with higher levels in Adh1 knockout mice than in wild-type mice. Deletion of the Ces1d gene in mice markedly reduced the acute ethanol-induced increase of blood FAEE levels with a slight but significant reduction of serum aminotransferase levels. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol and its nonoxidative metabolites, FAEEs, not acetaldehyde, promoted acute alcohol-induced liver injury by inducing ER stress, adipocyte death, and lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hee Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,Laboratory of Hepatotoxicity, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuhong Lin
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seung-Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liqing Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Lehner
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, Group on Molecular & Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Bin Gao, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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21
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Brandão-Bezerra L, Aparecida da Rosa A, Figueiredo de Oliveira RM, Neves RH, Corrêa CL, Machado-Silva JR. Impact of acute schistosomiasis mansoni and long-term ethanol intake on mouse liver pathology. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108388. [PMID: 36174706 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
While the effect of ethanol and schistosomiasis mansoni on liver injury has been well-documented, the influence of comorbidity on liver pathology remains unclear. To address this gap, schistosomiasis-infected mice were given one daily dose of 18% ethanol for 28 consecutive days, from day 35 post-infection. Mice were assigned to four groups: A. control; B. uninfected/ethanol gavage; C. infected; and D. infected/ethanol gavage. At day 64 post-infection, mice were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation, livers were excised, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, paraffin embedded and cut into 5 μm sections. These were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Lennert's Giemsa and picrosirius red (for polarization microscopy) to assess histopathological and stereological changes. Group B showed alcoholic liver disease (ALD), including microsteatosis, hepatocyte karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, increased frequency of Kupffer cells, hydropic degeneration of hepatocyte, thickened plasma membrane and binucleated hepatocytes. Infected mice showed typical exudative and exudative-productive hepatic granulomas, and destruction of the adjacent hepatic parenchyma, resulting in necrotic tissue and periovular leukocyte infiltrate. Group D showed hyperemia (parenchymal panlobular lesions), and liquefactive necrosis in hepatic abscess area. There was also reduced liver collagen deposition (-76%; p = 0.0001) and reduced microsteatosis (-80%, p = 0.0079) compared to group C and group B, respectively. In conclusion, comorbidity exacerbated liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Brandão-Bezerra
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Sciences College (FCM), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida da Rosa
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Sciences College (FCM), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Figueiredo de Oliveira
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Sciences College (FCM), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Heisler Neves
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Sciences College (FCM), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christiane Leal Corrêa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Medical Sciences College (FCM), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Brazil. Medical College, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Machado-Silva
- Romero Lascasas Porto Laboratory of Helminthology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Sciences College (FCM), Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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22
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Cao P, Wu Y, Li Y, Xiang L, Cheng B, Hu Y, Jiang X, Wang Z, Wu S, Si L, Yang Q, Xu J, Huang J. The important role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in the protective effects of polyphenol-enriched Tartary buckwheat extract against alcoholic liver disease. Food Funct 2022; 13:10415-10425. [PMID: 36149348 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01518h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a mounting public health problem with significant medical, economic and social burdens. Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn, bitter buckwheat) is a kind of healthy and nutritious food, which has been demonstrated to protect against ALD, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully studied. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the beneficial effects of Tartary buckwheat extract (mainly composed of polyphenols including rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside) in terms of lipid metabolism with the aid of lipidomic analysis. In our study, we employed C57BL/6J mice and a Lieber-DeCarli alcohol liquid diet to construct an ALD model and found that Tartary buckwheat extract was able to prevent ALD-induced histopathological lesions, liver injury and abnormal plasma lipid levels. These beneficial effects might be attributed to the regulation of energy metabolism-related genes (SIRT1, LKB1 and AMPK), lipid synthesis-related genes (ACC, SREBP1c and HMGR) and lipid oxidation-related genes (PPARα, CPT1 and CPT2). In addition, lipidomic profiling and KEGG pathway analysis showed that glycerophospholipid metabolism contributed the most to elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Tartary buckwheat extract. In specific, chronic ethanol intake reduced the level of phosphatidylcholines (PC) and increased the level of phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) in the liver, resulting in a decrease in the PC/PE ratio, which could be all significantly restored by Tartary buckwheat extract intervention, indicating that the Tartary buckwheat extract might regulate PC/PE homeostasis to exert its lipid-lowering effect. Overall, we demonstrated that Tartary buckwheat extract could prevent ALD by modulating hepatic glycerophospholipid metabolism, providing the theoretical basis for its further exploitation as a medical plant or nutritional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd, Daye 435100, Hubei, China.
| | - Yaping Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Liping Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bingyu Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd, Daye 435100, Hubei, China.
| | - Sanlan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Luqin Si
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qiang Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd, Daye 435100, Hubei, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Food, Jing Brand Research Institute, Jing Brand Co., Ltd, Daye 435100, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiangeng Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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23
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Chen B, Yu S, Li W, Ren J. Alcohol-dependent downregulation of apolipoprotein H exacerbates fatty liver and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:89. [PMID: 36123743 PMCID: PMC9487114 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major chronic liver ailment caused by alcohol overconsumption and abuse. Apolipoprotein H (APOH) participates in lipid metabolism and might have a potential regulatory role in ALD. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effects of ApoH on alcohol-induced liver injury and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Methods ApoH−/− mice were generated and the synergic alcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model was constructed, which were used to assess liver function and pathological changes. Results ApoH−/− mice clearly exhibited spontaneous steatohepatitis. Severe hepatic steatosis was observed in alcohol-fed WT and ApoH−/− mice, in which ApoH expression was reduced post alcohol consumption. Moreover, RNA-seq and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that differential expression genes enriched in lipid metabolism and oxidation–reduction process between in alcohol-fed ApoH−/− mice and pair-fed control mice. Finally, gut microbiota diversity and composition were assessed by 16S rRNA Illumina next-generation sequencing. Alpha diversity of enterobacteria was lower in ApoH−/− mice with ethanol feeding than in ethanol-fed WT mice and all control-fed mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, KEGG enrichment analysis, using PICRUSt software, revealed that metabolic functions were activated in the gut microorganisms of ApoH−/− mice with ethanol feeding (P < 0.05). Conclusions Alcohol-downregulated ApoH expression, leading to the progress of fatty liver disease and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China.,Department of Digestive Diseases, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Digestive Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100001, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Binbin Chen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shuqi Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wanyun Li
- Department of Digestive Diseases, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China.,School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jianlin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Xiamen University Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China. .,Department of Digestive Diseases, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361001, Fujian Province, China.
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24
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Zhu L, Li HD, Xu JJ, Li JJ, Cheng M, Meng XM, Huang C, Li J. Advancements in the Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Model. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081035. [PMID: 36008929 PMCID: PMC9406170 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is an intricate disease that results in a broad spectrum of liver damage. The presentation of ALD can include simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Effective prevention and treatment strategies are urgently required for ALD patients. In previous decades, numerous rodent models were established to investigate the mechanisms of alcohol-associated liver disease and explore therapeutic targets. This review provides a summary of the latest developments in rodent models, including those that involve EtOH administration, which will help us to understand the characteristics and causes of ALD at different stages. In addition, we discuss the pathogenesis of ALD and summarize the existing in vitro models. We analyse the pros and cons of these models and their translational relevance and summarize the insights that have been gained regarding the mechanisms of alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Correspondence: (X.-M.M.); (C.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.); Fax: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.)
| | - Cheng Huang
- Correspondence: (X.-M.M.); (C.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.); Fax: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Correspondence: (X.-M.M.); (C.H.); (J.L.); Tel.: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.); Fax: +86-551-65161001 (J.L.)
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25
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Amadieu C, Maccioni L, Leclercq S, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM, de Timary P, Stärkel P. Liver alterations are not improved by inulin supplementation in alcohol use disorder patients during alcohol withdrawal: A pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104033. [PMID: 35490461 PMCID: PMC9062816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence highlights that targeting the gut microbiota could be an interesting approach to improve alcohol liver disease due to its important plasticity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inulin supplementation on liver parameters in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients (whole sample) and in a subpopulation with early alcohol-associated liver disease (eALD). Methods Fifty AUD patients, hospitalized for a 3-week detoxification program, were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and assigned to prebiotic (inulin) versus placebo for 17 days. Liver damage, microbial translocation, inflammatory markers and 16S rDNA sequencing were measured at the beginning (T1) and at the end of the study (T2). Findings Compared to placebo, AST (β = 8.55, 95% CI [2.33:14.77]), ALT (β = 6.01, 95% CI [2.02:10.00]) and IL-18 (β = 113.86, 95% CI [23.02:204.71]) were statistically significantly higher in the inulin group in the whole sample at T2. In the eALD subgroup, inulin supplementation leads to specific changes in the gut microbiota, including an increase in Bifidobacterium and a decrease of Bacteroides. Despite those changes, AST (β = 14.63, 95% CI [0.91:28.35]) and ALT (β = 10.40, 95% CI [1.93:18.88]) at T2 were higher in the inulin group compared to placebo. Treatment was well tolerated without important adverse events or side effects. Interpretation This pilot study shows that 17 days of inulin supplementation versus placebo, even though it induces specific changes in the gut microbiota, did not alleviate liver damage in AUD patients. Further studies with a larger sample size and duration of supplementation with adequate monitoring of liver parameters are needed to confirm these results. Gut2Brain study: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03803709 Funding Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles, FRS-FNRS, Fondation Saint-Luc.
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26
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Shang Y, Yang HX, Li X, Zhang Y, Chen N, Jiang XL, Zhang ZH, Zuo RM, Wang H, Lan XQ, Ren J, Wu YL, Cui ZY, Nan JX, Lian LH. Modulation of IL-36-based inflammatory feedback loop through hepatocytes-derived IL-36R-P2X7R axis improves steatosis in alcoholic steatohepatitis. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4378-4399. [PMID: 35481896 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE IL-36 is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and itself promotes inflammatory responses, shaping an IL-36-based inflammation loop. Although, hepatocytes, as "epithelial cell-like" hepatic parenchymal cells, produce IL-36 responses to drug-induced liver injury, little is known about the mechanistic role of the IL-36 signalling during the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH). Regarding IL-36/IL-36R and P2X7R coregulates the inflammatory response, we elucidated the modulation of IL-36R-P2X7R-TLRs axis affected hepatocytes steatosis and IL-36-based inflammatory feedback loop that accompanies the onset of ASH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH C57BL/6J mice were subjected to chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding or acute gavage with multiple doses of ethanol to establish ASH, followed by pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of IL-36R and P2X7R. AML12 cells or mouse primary hepatocytes were stimulated with alcohol, LPS plus ATP or Poly(I:C) plus ATP, followed by silencing of IL-36γ, IL-36R or P2X7R. KEY RESULTS P2X7R and IL-36R deficiency blocked the inflammatory loop, especially made by IL-36 cytokines, in hepatocytes of mice suffering from ASH. Pharmacological inhibition to P2X7R or IL-36R alleviated lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in ASH. IL-36R was indispensable for P2X7R modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in ASH and IL-36 led to a vicious cycle of P2X7R-driven inflammation in alcohol-exposed hepatocytes. TLR ligands promoted IL-36γ production in hepatocytes based on the synergism of P2X7R. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Blockade of IL-36-based inflammatory feedback loop via IL-36R-P2X7R-TLRs-modulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation circumvented the steatosis and inflammation that accompanies the onset of ASH, suggesting that targeting IL-36 might serve as a novel therapeutic approach to combat ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xue-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Rong-Mei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Lan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine Research (Yanbian University), State Ethnic Affairs Commission; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Interdisciplinary of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
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27
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Allen SL, Seabright AP, Quinlan JI, Dhaliwal A, Williams FR, Fine NHF, Hodson DJ, Armstrong MJ, Elsharkaway AM, Greig CA, Lai YC, Lord JM, Lavery GG, Breen L. The Effect of Ex Vivo Human Serum from Liver Disease Patients on Cellular Protein Synthesis and Growth. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071098. [PMID: 35406665 PMCID: PMC8997893 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a common complication affecting liver disease patients, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate the cellular mechanisms that drive sarcopenia progression using an in vitro model of liver disease. C2C12 myotubes were serum and amino acid starved for 1-h and subsequently conditioned with fasted ex vivo serum from four non-cirrhotic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients (NAFLD), four decompensated end-stage liver disease patients (ESLD) and four age-matched healthy controls (CON) for 4- or 24-h. After 4-h C2C12 myotubes were treated with an anabolic stimulus (5 mM leucine) for 30-min. Myotube diameter was reduced following treatment with serum from ESLD compared with CON (−45%) and NAFLD (−35%; p < 0.001 for both). A reduction in maximal mitochondrial respiration (24% and 29%, respectively), coupling efficiency (~12%) and mitophagy (~13%) was identified in myotubes conditioned with NAFLD and ESLD serum compared with CON (p < 0.05 for both). Myostatin (43%, p = 0.04) and MuRF-1 (41%, p = 0.03) protein content was elevated in myotubes treated with ESLD serum compared with CON. Here we highlight a novel, experimental platform to further probe changes in circulating markers associated with liver disease that may drive sarcopenia and develop targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Allen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.L.A.); (A.P.S.); (J.I.Q.); (C.A.G.); (Y.-C.L.)
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.D.); (F.R.W.); (M.J.A.); (A.M.E.); (J.M.L.); (G.G.L.)
| | - Alex P. Seabright
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.L.A.); (A.P.S.); (J.I.Q.); (C.A.G.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Jonathan I. Quinlan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.L.A.); (A.P.S.); (J.I.Q.); (C.A.G.); (Y.-C.L.)
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.D.); (F.R.W.); (M.J.A.); (A.M.E.); (J.M.L.); (G.G.L.)
| | - Amritpal Dhaliwal
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.D.); (F.R.W.); (M.J.A.); (A.M.E.); (J.M.L.); (G.G.L.)
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Nuffield House, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Felicity R. Williams
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.D.); (F.R.W.); (M.J.A.); (A.M.E.); (J.M.L.); (G.G.L.)
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Nuffield House, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Nicholas H. F. Fine
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.H.F.F.); (D.J.H.)
| | - David J. Hodson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.H.F.F.); (D.J.H.)
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hosptial, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Matthew J. Armstrong
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.D.); (F.R.W.); (M.J.A.); (A.M.E.); (J.M.L.); (G.G.L.)
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Nuffield House, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Ahmed M. Elsharkaway
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.D.); (F.R.W.); (M.J.A.); (A.M.E.); (J.M.L.); (G.G.L.)
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Nuffield House, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Carolyn A. Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.L.A.); (A.P.S.); (J.I.Q.); (C.A.G.); (Y.-C.L.)
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.D.); (F.R.W.); (M.J.A.); (A.M.E.); (J.M.L.); (G.G.L.)
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yu-Chiang Lai
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.L.A.); (A.P.S.); (J.I.Q.); (C.A.G.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (N.H.F.F.); (D.J.H.)
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Janet M. Lord
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.D.); (F.R.W.); (M.J.A.); (A.M.E.); (J.M.L.); (G.G.L.)
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gareth G. Lavery
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.D.); (F.R.W.); (M.J.A.); (A.M.E.); (J.M.L.); (G.G.L.)
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 8NS, UK
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (S.L.A.); (A.P.S.); (J.I.Q.); (C.A.G.); (Y.-C.L.)
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (A.D.); (F.R.W.); (M.J.A.); (A.M.E.); (J.M.L.); (G.G.L.)
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence:
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Melis M, Tang XH, Attarwala N, Chen Q, Prishker C, Qin L, Gross SS, Gudas LJ, Trasino SE. A retinoic acid receptor β2 agonist protects against alcohol liver disease and modulates hepatic expression of canonical retinoid metabolism genes. Biofactors 2022; 48:469-480. [PMID: 34687254 PMCID: PMC9344329 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse reduces hepatic vitamin A (retinoids), reductions that are associated with progression of alcohol liver disease (ALD). Restoring hepatic retinoids through diet is contraindicated in ALD due to the negative effects of alcohol on retinoid metabolism. There are currently no drugs that can both mitigate alcohol-driven hepatic retinoid losses and progression of ALD. Using a mouse model of alcohol intake, we examined if an agonist for the retinoic acid (RA) receptor β2 (RARβ2), AC261066 (AC261) could prevent alcohol-driven hepatic retinoid losses and protect against ALD. Our results show that mice co-treated with AC261 and alcohol displayed mitigation of ALD, including reduced macro, and microvesicular steatosis, and liver damage. Alcohol intake led to increases in hepatic centrilobular levels of ALDH1A1, a rate-limiting enzyme in RA synthesis, and co-localization of ALDH1A1 with the alcohol-metabolizing enzyme CYP2E1, and 4-HNE, a marker of oxidative stress; expression of these targets was abrogated in mice co-treated with AC261 and alcohol. By RNA sequencing technology, we found that AC261 treatments opposed alcohol modulation of 68 transcripts involved in canonical retinoid metabolism. Alcohol modulation of these transcripts, including CES1D, CES1G, RBP1, RDH10, and CYP26A1, collectively favor hepatic retinoid hydrolysis and catabolism. However, despite this, co-administration of AC261 with alcohol did not mitigate alcohol-mediated depletions of hepatic retinoids, but did reduce alcohol-driven increases in serum retinol. Our data show that AC261 protected mice against ALD, even though AC261 did not prevent alcohol-mediated reductions in hepatic retinoids. These data warrant further studies of the anti-ALD properties of AC261.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Nabeel Attarwala
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Carlos Prishker
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lihui Qin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Steven E. Trasino
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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29
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Thomas KL, Root CL, Peterson JM. Transgenic overexpression of CTRP3 does not prevent alcohol induced hepatic steatosis in female mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0258557. [PMID: 34995284 PMCID: PMC8740976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality from hepatic complications. C1q/TNF-related protein 3 (CTRP3) is an adiponectin paralog and, in male mice, increased levels of circulating CTRP3 prevents ALD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to replicate the observed hepatoprotective effect of elevated circulating CTRP3 levels in female mice. Twelve-week-old female wildtype and CTRP3 overexpressing transgenic mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli alcohol-containing liquid diet (5% vol/vol) for 6 weeks. Unlike the previous study with male mice, CTRP3 overexpression provided no attenuation to alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, cytokine production, or overall mortality. In conclusion, there appears to be a clear sex-specific effect of CTRP3 in response to alcohol consumption that needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L. Thomas
- Department of Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
| | - Callie L. Root
- Department of Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Peterson
- Department of Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
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30
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Li H, Wen W, Luo J. Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress as an Effective Treatment for Alcoholic Pancreatitis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010108. [PMID: 35052788 PMCID: PMC8773075 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis and alcoholic pancreatitis are serious health concerns with an urgent need for effective treatment strategies. Alcohol is a known etiological factor for pancreatitis, including acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Excessive alcohol consumption induces many pathological stress responses; of particular note is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR). ER stress results from the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded protein in the ER and is implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms by which ER stress contributes to alcoholic pancreatitis. We also discuss potential approaches targeting ER stress and UPR in developing novel therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (H.L.); (W.W.)
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-335-2256
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31
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Maccioni L, Leclercq IA, Schnabl B, Stärkel P. Host Factors in Dysregulation of the Gut Barrier Function during Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12687. [PMID: 34884492 PMCID: PMC8657823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represent a major public health problem worldwide. Only a minority of patients with an alcohol-use disorder (AUD) develop severe forms of liver disease (e.g., steatohepatitis and fibrosis) and finally progress to the more advanced stages of ALD, such as severe alcohol-associated hepatitis and decompensated cirrhosis. Emerging evidence suggests that gut barrier dysfunction is multifactorial, implicating microbiota changes, alterations in the intestinal epithelium, and immune dysfunction. This failing gut barrier ultimately allows microbial antigens, microbes, and metabolites to translocate to the liver and into systemic circulation. Subsequent activation of immune and inflammatory responses contributes to liver disease progression. Here we review the literature about the disturbance of the different host defense mechanisms linked to gut barrier dysfunction, increased microbial translocation, and impairment of liver and systemic inflammatory responses in the different stages of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maccioni
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Unversité Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (I.A.L.)
| | - Isabelle A. Leclercq
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Unversité Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (I.A.L.)
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Unversité Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.M.); (I.A.L.)
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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32
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De Muynck K, Vanderborght B, Van Vlierberghe H, Devisscher L. The Gut-Liver Axis in Chronic Liver Disease: A Macrophage Perspective. Cells 2021; 10:2959. [PMID: 34831182 PMCID: PMC8616442 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a growing health concern which accounts for two million deaths per year. Obesity, alcohol overconsumption, and progressive cholestasis are commonly characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation and advancing fibrosis, which form the basis for development of end-stage liver disease complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. CLD pathophysiology extends to the intestinal tract and is characterized by intestinal dysbiosis, bile acid dysregulation, and gut barrier disruption. In addition, macrophages are key players in CLD progression and intestinal barrier breakdown. Emerging studies are unveiling macrophage heterogeneity and driving factors of their plasticity in health and disease. To date, in-depth investigation of how gut-liver axis disruption impacts the hepatic and intestinal macrophage pool in CLD pathogenesis is scarce. In this review, we give an overview of the role of intestinal and hepatic macrophages in homeostasis and gut-liver axis disruption in progressive stages of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin De Muynck
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.M.); (B.V.)
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Bart Vanderborght
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.M.); (B.V.)
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (K.D.M.); (B.V.)
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33
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Cao H, Xi S, He W, Ma X, Liu L, Xu J, Zhang K, Li Y, Jin L. The effects of Gentiana dahurica Fisch on alcoholic liver disease revealed by RNA sequencing. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:113422. [PMID: 33007391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The root of Gentiana dahurica Fisch (called Qin-Jiao in China), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in China to treat alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but there has been no scientific report on the treatment of ALD. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the therapeutic effects of Gentiana dahurica Fisch ethanol extract (GDEE) on ALD and to reveal its possible mechanism of action using RNA sequencing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model of ALD was established by continuous gavage with alcohol in mice, and GDEE was used to treat ALD. Pathological observation (HE staining, oil red O staining) and biochemical indicators were performed to evaluate liver tissue lesions and efficacy of GDEE. RNA sequencing analysis of liver tissues was carried out to elucidate the pathogenesis of ALD and the mechanism of hepatoprotective effect by GDEE. The RNA sequencing results were verified by detecting mRNA and protein expressions of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase α (Acacα), fatty acid synthase (Fasn) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (Cpt1a) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS Measurements of biochemical parameters showed that GDEE could inhibit the increased transaminase activities in the serum and lipid levels in the liver caused by alcohol. It was observed that GDEE could alleviate fatty degeneration, edema and cell necrosis caused by alcohol in the liver tissue. RNA sequencing analysis of liver tissues found that 719 genes and 1137 genes were significantly changed by alcohol and GDEE, respectively. GDEE reversed most of the changes in triglycerides synthesis-related genes up-regulated by alcohol. GDEE up-regulated most of the genes involved in the fatty acid degradation in ALD mice, while alcohol had little effect on them. In addition, GDEE suppressed most of the genes involved in cholesterol synthesis that were up-regulated by alcohol. GDEE up-regulated genes related to bile acid synthesis in ALD mice, and down-regulated genes related to bile acid reabsorption, while alcohol had no significant effect on genes related to bile acid metabolism. In the validation experiments, the Acacα, Fasn and Cpt1a expressions quantified by real-time PCR and Western blot were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. CONCLUSIONS GDEE can alleviate liver damage and steatosis in ALD mice, and its mechanism of action may be related to the process of regulating triglycerides and cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houkang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Shaoyang Xi
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Weiwei He
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Li Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, PR China.
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, PR China.
| | - Yingdong Li
- College of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, PR China.
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34
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Zhao M, Chen C, Yuan Z, Li W, Zhang M, Cui N, Duan Y, Zhang X, Zhang P. Dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation alleviates alcohol-induced liver injury by maintaining intestinal integrity and gut microbiota homeostasis in mice. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1312. [PMID: 34630666 PMCID: PMC8461600 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a worldwide health problem with limited therapeutic options, which is associated with gut-derived endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Recently, probiotics, synbiotics and other food additive interventions have been shown to be effective in decreasing or preventing the progression of ALD. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and its metabolic products are widely used as food additives to maintain intestinal health, but the protective effects of B. subtilis against alcohol-induced liver injury are poorly understood. In the present study a chronic alcohol-induced liver injury model was constructed based on the Lieber-DeCarli diet and it aimed to determine whether dietary B. subtilis supplementation may alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury. Results revealed that prophylactic B. subtilis supplementation partially restored gut microbiota homeostasis and relieved alcohol-induced intestinal barrier injury, which significantly decreased the translocation of bacterial endotoxins to the blood. In addition, the decreased serum LPS alleviated hepatic inflammation via the toll-like receptor 4 pathway, resulting in improved hepatic structure and function. These results demonstrated that dietary B. subtilis supplementation imparts novel hepatoprotective functions by improving intestinal permeability and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zhao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Chuanai Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Zhoujie Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Mohan Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Nailing Cui
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Yitao Duan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
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Schonfeld M, O’Neil M, Villar MT, Artigues A, Averilla J, Gunewardena S, Weinman SA, Tikhanovich I. A Western diet with alcohol in drinking water recapitulates features of alcohol-associated liver disease in mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:1980-1993. [PMID: 34523155 PMCID: PMC9006178 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mouse models of alcohol-associated liver disease vary greatly in their ease of implementation and the pathology they produce. Effects range from steatosis and mild inflammation with the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet to severe inflammation, fibrosis, and pyroptosis seen with the Tsukamoto-French intragastric feeding model. Implementation of all of these models is limited by the labor-intensive nature of the protocols and the specialized skills necessary for successful intragastric feeding. We thus sought to develop a new model to reproduce features of alcohol-induced inflammation and fibrosis with minimal operational requirements. METHODS Over a 16-week period, mice were fed ad libitum with a pelleted high-fat Western diet (WD; 40% calories from fat) and alcohol added to the drinking water. We found the optimal alcohol consumption to be that at which the alcohol concentration was 20% for 4 days and 10% for 3 days per week. Control mice received WD pellets with water alone. RESULTS Alcohol consumption was 18 to 20 g/kg/day in males and 20 to 22 g/kg/day in females. Mice in the alcohol groups developed elevated serum transaminase levels after 12 weeks in males and 10 weeks in females. At 16 weeks, both males and females developed liver inflammation, steatosis, and pericellular fibrosis. Control mice on WD without alcohol had mild steatosis only. Alcohol-fed mice showed reduced HNF4α mRNA and protein expression. HNF4α is a master regulator of hepatocyte differentiation, down-regulation of which is a known driver of hepatocellular failure in alcoholic hepatitis. CONCLUSION A simple-to-administer, 16-week WD alcohol model recapitulates the inflammatory, fibrotic, and gene expression aspects of human alcohol-associated steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schonfeld
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Maura O’Neil
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Maria T Villar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Antonio Artigues
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Janice Averilla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
| | - Steven A. Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Irina Tikhanovich
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
- Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, U.S.A
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Michalak A, Lach T, Cichoż-Lach H. Oxidative Stress-A Key Player in the Course of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143011. [PMID: 34300175 PMCID: PMC8303854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be an inseparable factor involved in the presentation of liver disorders. Free radicals interfere with DNA, proteins, and lipids, which are crucial in liver metabolism, changing their expression and biological functions. Additionally, oxidative stress modifies the function of micro-RNAs, impairing the metabolism of hepatocytes. Free radicals have also been proven to influence the function of certain transcriptional factors and to alter the cell cycle. The pathological appearance of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) constitutes an ideal example of harmful effects due to the redox state. Finally, ethanol-induced toxicity and overproduction of free radicals provoke irreversible changes within liver parenchyma. Understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with the redox state in the course of ALD creates new possibilities of treatment for patients. The future of hepatology may become directly dependent on the effective action against reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes current data on the redox state in the natural history of ALD, highlighting the newest reports on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Michalak
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Lach
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Halina Cichoż-Lach
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-601377656; Fax: +48-814796135
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Hyun J, Han J, Lee C, Yoon M, Jung Y. Pathophysiological Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism in the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115717. [PMID: 34071962 PMCID: PMC8197869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a globally prevalent chronic liver disease caused by chronic or binge consumption of alcohol. The liver is the major organ that metabolizes alcohol; therefore, it is particularly sensitive to alcohol intake. Metabolites and byproducts generated during alcohol metabolism cause liver damage, leading to ALD via several mechanisms, such as impairing lipid metabolism, intensifying inflammatory reactions, and inducing fibrosis. Despite the severity of ALD, the development of novel treatments has been hampered by the lack of animal models that fully mimic human ALD. To overcome the current limitations of ALD studies and therapy development, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver injury. Hence, to provide insights into the progression of ALD, this review examines previous studies conducted on alcohol metabolism in the liver. There is a particular focus on the occurrence of ALD caused by hepatotoxicity originating from alcohol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Hyun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Myunghee Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea;
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.H.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2262
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Liu SY, Tsai IT, Hsu YC. Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5170. [PMID: 34068269 PMCID: PMC8153142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) refers to the liver damage occurring due to excessive alcohol consumption and involves a broad spectrum of diseases that includes liver steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The progression of ALD is mainly associated with the amount and duration of alcohol usage; however, it is also influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The definite diagnosis of ALD is based on a liver biopsy, although several non-invasive diagnostic tools and serum biomarkers have emerging roles in the early detection of ALD. While alcohol abstinence and nutritional support remain the cornerstone of ALD treatment, growing evidence has revealed that the therapeutic agents that target oxidative stress or gut-liver axis, inflammatory response inhibition, and liver regeneration enhancement also play a role in ALD management. Furthermore, microRNAs modulation and mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy have emerging potential as ALD therapeutic options. This review summarizes the updated understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and novel therapeutic approaches for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yi Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
- School of Medicine for International Student, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chou Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (I.-T.T.)
- School of Medicine for International Student, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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Liu SX, Du YC, Zeng T. A mini-review of the rodent models for alcoholic liver disease: shortcomings, application, and future prospects. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:523-530. [PMID: 34141166 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are the most common models in studies of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Although several rodents ALD models have been established and multiple mechanisms have been elucidated based on them, these models have some non-negligible shortcomings, specifically only inducing early stage (mainly steatosis, slight to moderate steatohepatitis) but not the whole spectrum of human ALD. The resistance of rodents to advanced ALD has been suggested to be due to the physiological differences between rodents and human beings. Previous studies have reported significant interstrain differences in the susceptibility to ethanol-induced liver injury and in the manifestation of ALD (such as different alteration of lipid profiles). Therefore, it would be interesting to characterize the manifestation of ethanol-induced liver damage in various rodents, which may provide a recommendation to investigators of ALD. Furthermore, more severe ALD models need to be established for the study of serious ALD forms, which may be achieved by using genetic modified rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xuan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yan-Chao Du
- Jinan Institute for Product Quality Inspection, 1311 Longao Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250102, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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40
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Teschke R, Uetrecht J. Mechanism of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI): unresolved basic issues. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:730. [PMID: 33987428 PMCID: PMC8106057 DOI: 10.21037/atm-2020-ubih-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical features of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI) are well described in cases that have been assessed for causality using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM), but our understanding of the mechanistic steps leading to injury is fragmentary. The difficulties describing mechanistic events can be traced back to the lack of an animal model of experimental idiosyncratic DILI that can mimic the genetic requirements of human idiosyncratic DILI. However, immune tolerance plays a dominant role in the immune response of the liver, and impairment of immune tolerance with immune checkpoint inhibitors increases DILI in both humans and animals. This may provide one method to study the individual steps involved. In general. the human DILI liver is a secret keeper providing little insight into what occurs in the diseased organ. Sufficient evidence exists that most idiosyncratic cases are mediated by the adaptive immune system, which depends on stimulation of the innate immune system, but the triggering factors are unknown. It is attractive to hypothesize that the gut microbiome plays a role; however, it is very difficult to study. Similarly, exosomes are likely to play an important role in communication between hepatic cells and the immune system, but there is a lack of data on blood exosomes in affected patients. Reactive metabolites are likely to play an important role. This is supported by the current analysis, which revealed an association between metabolism by cytochrome P450 and drugs most commonly involved in causing idiosyncratic DILI with causality verified by RUCAM. Circumstantial evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cytochrome P450 could be responsible for the initial steps of injury, but details are unknown. In conclusion, most of the mechanistic steps leading to idiosyncratic DILI remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt/ Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jack Uetrecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Arellanes-Robledo J, Ibrahim J, Reyes-Gordillo K, Shah R, Leckey L, Lakshman MR. Flightless-I is a potential biomarker for the early detection of alcoholic liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 183:114323. [PMID: 33166508 PMCID: PMC8614159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is closely linked to oxidative stress induction. Antioxidant enzymes balance oxidative stress and function as intermediary signaling regulators. Nucleoredoxin (NXN), an antioxidant enzyme, regulates physiological processes through redox-sensitive interactions. NXN interacts with myeloid differentiation primary response gene-88 (MYD88) and flightless-I (FLII) to regulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MYD88 pathway activation, but FLII also regulates key cell processes and is secreted into the bloodstream. However, the effects of chronic ethanol consumption recapitulated by either ethanol alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), as a two-hit ALD model, on FLII/NXN/MYD88 complex and FLII secretion have not been explored yet. In this study, we have demonstrated that ethanol feeding increased FLII protein levels, its nuclear translocation and plasma secretion, and modified its tissue distribution both in vivo and in vitro ALD models. Ethanol increased MYD88/FLII interaction ratio, and decreased NXN/MYD88 interaction ratio but this was partially reverted by two-hit model. While ethanol and two-hit model increased MYD88/TLR4 interaction ratio, two-hit model significantly decreased FLII nuclear translocation and its plasma secretion. Ethanol and LPS provoked similar effects in vitro; however, NXN overexpression partially reverted these alterations, and ethanol alone increased FLII secretion into culture medium. In summary, by analyzing the response of FLII/NXN/MYD88 complex during ALD early progression both in vivo and in vitro, we have discovered that the effects of chronic ethanol consumption disrupt this complex and identified FLII as a candidate non-invasive plasma biomarker for the early detection of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Laboratory of Hepatic Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, CDMX, Mexico; Directorate of Cátedras, National Council of Science and Technology - CONACYT, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Joseph Ibrahim
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Karina Reyes-Gordillo
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Leckey
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - M Raj Lakshman
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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Wang Z, Li B, Jiang H, Ma Y, Bao Y, Zhu X, Xia H, Jin Y. IL-8 exacerbates alcohol-induced fatty liver disease via the Akt/HIF-1α pathway in human IL-8-expressing mice. Cytokine 2020; 138:155402. [PMID: 33352397 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is a disease that causes liver damage due to chronic heavy drinking. AFLD is related to lipid accumulation in liver cells caused by alcohol intake. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is an inflammatory cytokine associated with chemotaxis (deletion in mice) that has robust effects on the occurrence and development of disease by activating related signal transduction pathways to promote inflammation and cell proliferation. There is significantly increased IL-8 expression in liver disease, which may be related to the pathogenesis of AFLD. In this study, we used hydrodynamic injection to deliver the liver-specific expression vector pLIVE-hIL-8 into mice. We found that hIL-8 can exacerbate alcohol-induced fatty liver disease via the Akt/HIF-1α pathway. Exacerbated liver lipid degeneration in mice, which is characterized by excessive accumulation of triglycerides, and liver damage markers were significantly increased. Moreover, hIL-8 could increase the alcohol-induced release of ROS in fatty liver caused by alcohol and exacerbate fatty liver disease. The expression of liver lipid metabolism-related gene sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) was increased. Furthermore, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which is related to liver fatty acid oxidation, was decreased. The findings obtained in this study of hIL-8 will help identify a potential target for the clinical treatment of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Biao Li
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Yanni Bao
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Hongguang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China
| | - Yong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, 230032 Hefei, China.
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Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of fatty liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:73-91. [PMID: 33268887 PMCID: PMC7852578 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the two major types of chronic liver disease worldwide. Inflammatory processes play key roles in the pathogeneses of fatty liver diseases, and continuous inflammation promotes the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although both ALD and NAFLD are closely related to inflammation, their respective developmental mechanisms differ to some extent. Here, we review the roles of multiple immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets related to the inflammation associated with fatty liver diseases and the differences in the progression of ASH and NASH. Multiple cell types in the liver, including macrophages, neutrophils, other immune cell types and hepatocytes, are involved in fatty liver disease inflammation. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and complement also contribute to the inflammatory process, as does intertissue crosstalk between the liver and the intestine, adipose tissue, and the nervous system. We point out that inflammation also plays important roles in promoting liver repair and controlling bacterial infections. Understanding the complex regulatory process of disrupted homeostasis during the development of fatty liver diseases may lead to the development of improved targeted therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Maccioni L, Gao B, Leclercq S, Pirlot B, Horsmans Y, De Timary P, Leclercq I, Fouts D, Schnabl B, Stärkel P. Intestinal permeability, microbial translocation, changes in duodenal and fecal microbiota, and their associations with alcoholic liver disease progression in humans. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1782157. [PMID: 32588725 PMCID: PMC7524402 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1782157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal data suggest a role of the gut-liver axis in progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), but human data are scarce especially for early disease stages. METHODS We included patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) who follow a rehabilitation program and matched healthy controls. We determined intestinal epithelial and vascular permeability (IP) (using urinary excretion of 51Cr-EDTA, fecal albumin content, and immunohistochemistry in distal duodenal biopsies), epithelial damage (histology, serum iFABP, and intestinal gene expression), and microbial translocation (Gram - and Gram + serum markers by ELISA). Duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota and fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16 S rRNA sequencing. ALD was staged by Fibroscan® (liver stiffness, controlled attenuation parameter) in combination with serum AST, ALT, and CK18-M65. RESULTS Only a subset of AUD patients had increased 51Cr-EDTA and fecal albumin together with disrupted tight junctions and vasculature expression of plasmalemma Vesicle-Associated Protein-1. The so-defined increased intestinal permeability was not related to changes of the duodenal microbiota or alterations of the intestinal epithelium but associated with compositional changes of the fecal microbiota. Leaky gut alone did not explain increased microbial translocation in AUD patients. By contrast, duodenal dysbiosis with a dominance shift toward specific potential pathogenic bacteria genera (Streptococcus, Shuttleworthia, Rothia), increased IP and elevated markers of microbial translocation characterized AUD patients with progressive ALD (steato-hepatitis, steato-fibrosis). CONCLUSION Progressive ALD already at early disease stages is associated with duodenal mucosa-associated dysbiosis and elevated microbial translocation. Surprisingly, such modifications were not linked with increased IP. Rather, increased IP appears related to fecal microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maccioni
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sophie Leclercq
- Institute of Neuroscience and Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Boris Pirlot
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe De Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Department of Hepato-gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium,CONTACT Peter Stärkel Laboratory of Hepato-gastroenterology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Zhang XN, Meng FG, Wang YR, Liu SX, Zeng T. Transformed ALDH2 -/- hepatocytes by ethanol could serve as a useful tool for studying alcoholic hepatocarcinogenesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110366. [PMID: 33208242 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is a well-recognized hepatic carcinogen. Alcohol is metabolized into genotoxic acetaldehyde in hepatocytes, which is catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). The detailed underlying mechanisms of alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear, at least partially, due to the absence of appropriate experimental models. Current studies suggest that rodents are not good models of the most common liver diseases that trigger HCC including alcoholic liver injury. We hypothesize that ethanol could induce transformation of immortalized normal liver cells, which may serve as a versatile tool for studying alcoholic HCC. Besides, we believe that knockout of ALDH2 will help to shorten the time course of transformation, as ALDH2 deficiency will significantly increase the accumulation of acetaldehyde in hepatocytes. Using this model, the dynamic changes of carcinogenesis-related molecular events could be easily examined. Furthermore, the transformed cells isolated from soft agar could be inoculated to mice for studying invasion, metastasis, and also for screening prophylactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fan-Ge Meng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shi-Xuan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Martiniakova M, Sarocka A, Kovacova V, Kapusta E, Goc Z, Gren A, Formicki G, Omelka R. Antagonistic Impact of Acrylamide and Ethanol on Biochemical and Morphological Parameters Consistent with Bone Health in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101835. [PMID: 33050161 PMCID: PMC7600557 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alcohol consumption, the drinking of beverages containing ethanol, represents a growing problem worldwide. Alcohol intake is often combined with an improper diet based on highly processed starch products that are rich in acrylamide. Both acrylamide and alcohol have a harmful impact on bone health. We previously demonstrated that adverse effects of ethanol on cortical bone structure were partly reduced by a relatively high dose of acrylamide in mice after one remodelling cycle. The present research was designated to reveal whether the antagonistic impact of both aforementioned toxins can also be achieved using a lower dose of acrylamide. According to our results, individual administrations of acrylamide and ethanol had adverse impacts on biochemical and morphological parameters consistent with bone health in mice. However, the most detrimental effects of ethanol were again alleviated by acrylamide at the dose used in this study. Abstract The aim of present study was to verify antagonistic effect of acrylamide (AA) and ethanol (Et) on bone quality parameters. Adult mice (n = 20) were segregated into four groups following 2 weeks administration of toxins: group E1, which received AA (20 mg/kg body weight daily); group E2, which received 15% Et (1.7 g 100% Et/kg body weight daily); group E12, which received simultaneously both toxins; and a control group. An insignificant impact of individual applications of AA, Et or their simultaneous supplementation on the total body weight of mice and the length and weight of their femoral bones was identified. In group E1, higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), a decreased level of glutathione (GSH) and elevated endocortical bone remodelling were determined. A significantly lower relative volume of cortical bone, bone mineral density (BMD), elevated endocortical bone remodelling and cortical porosity, higher levels of ALT, AST, lower values for total proteins (TP), GSH, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium, and phosphorus were recorded in group E2. In the mice from group E12, the highest endocortical bone remodelling, decreased values for BMD, TP, GSH and ALP and increased levels of ALT and AST were found. Our findings confirmed the antagonistic impact of AA and Et at doses used in this study on biochemical and morphological parameters consistent with bone health in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Martiniakova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.S.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.O.); Tel.: +421-376-408-718 (M.M.)
| | - Anna Sarocka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Edyta Kapusta
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 30 084 Cracow, Poland; (E.K.); (Z.G.); (A.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Zofia Goc
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 30 084 Cracow, Poland; (E.K.); (Z.G.); (A.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Agnieszka Gren
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 30 084 Cracow, Poland; (E.K.); (Z.G.); (A.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Grzegorz Formicki
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Pedagogical University of Cracow, 30 084 Cracow, Poland; (E.K.); (Z.G.); (A.G.); (G.F.)
| | - Radoslav Omelka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.S.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.O.); Tel.: +421-376-408-718 (M.M.)
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47
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Chen J, Argemi J, Odena G, Xu MJ, Cai Y, Massey V, Parrish A, Vadigepalli R, Altamirano J, Cabezas J, Gines P, Caballeria J, Snider N, Sancho-Bru P, Akira S, Rusyn I, Gao B, Bataller R. Hepatic lipocalin 2 promotes liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15558. [PMID: 32968110 PMCID: PMC7512007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced fibrosis and portal hypertension influence short-term mortality. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) regulates infection response and increases in liver injury. We explored the role of intrahepatic LCN2 in human alcoholic hepatitis (AH) with advanced fibrosis and portal hypertension and in experimental mouse fibrosis. We found hepatic LCN2 expression and serum LCN2 level markedly increased and correlated with disease severity and portal hypertension in patients with AH. In control human livers, LCN2 expressed exclusively in mononuclear cells, while its expression was markedly induced in AH livers, not only in mononuclear cells but also notably in hepatocytes. Lcn2-/- mice were protected from liver fibrosis caused by either ethanol or CCl4 exposure. Microarray analysis revealed downregulation of matrisome, cell cycle and immune related gene sets in Lcn2-/- mice exposed to CCl4, along with decrease in Timp1 and Edn1 expression. Hepatic expression of COL1A1, TIMP1 and key EDN1 system components were elevated in AH patients and correlated with hepatic LCN2 expression. In vitro, recombinant LCN2 induced COL1A1 expression. Overexpression of LCN2 increased HIF1A that in turn mediated EDN1 upregulation. LCN2 contributes to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension in AH and could represent a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiegen Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Gemma Odena
- Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, DM, 20892, USA
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, DM, 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Massey
- Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Austin Parrish
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Rajanikanth Vadigepalli
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jose Altamirano
- Hepatology-Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Quironsalud Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Cabezas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Research Institute Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Pere Gines
- Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan Caballeria
- Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natasha Snider
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Hospital Clinic, Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBER de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, DM, 20892, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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48
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Arab JP, Cabrera D, Sehrawat TS, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Verma VK, Simonetto D, Cao S, Yaqoob U, Leon J, Freire M, Vargas JI, De Assuncao TM, Kwon JH, Guo Y, Kostallari E, Cai Q, Kisseleva T, Oh Y, Arrese M, Huebert RC, Shah VH. Hepatic stellate cell activation promotes alcohol-induced steatohepatitis through Igfbp3 and SerpinA12. J Hepatol 2020; 73:149-160. [PMID: 32087348 PMCID: PMC7305991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Steatohepatitis drives fibrogenesis in alcohol-related liver disease. Recent studies have suggested that hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) may regulate the parenchymal cell injury and inflammation that precedes liver fibrosis, although the mechanism remains incompletely defined. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and synectin are membrane proteins implicated in HSC activation. In this study, we disrupted NRP-1 and synectin as models to evaluate the role of HSC activation on the development of steatohepatitis in response to alcohol feeding in mice. METHODS Mice with HSC-selective deletion of NRP (ColCre/Nrp1loxP) or synectin (ColCre/synectinloxP) vs. paired Nrp1loxP or synectinloxP mice were fed a control diet or the chronic/binge alcohol feeding model. Several markers of steatosis and inflammation were evaluated. RESULTS ColCre/Nrp1loxP mice showed less fibrosis, as expected, but also less inflammation and steatosis, with lower hepatic triglyceride content. Similar results were observed in the synectin model. Hepatocytes treated with supernatant of HSCs from ColCre/Nrp1loxP mice compared to supernatant from Nrp1loxP mice were protected against ethanol-induced lipid droplet formation. An adipokine and inflammatory protein array from the supernatant of HSCs with NRP-1 knockdown showed a significant reduction in Igfbp3 (a major insulin-like growth factor-binding protein with multiple metabolic functions) and an increase in SerpinA12 (a serine-protease inhibitor) secretion compared to wild-type HSCs. Recombinant Igfbp3 induced lipid droplets, triglyceride accumulation, and lipogenic genes in hepatocytes in vitro, while SerpinA12 was protective against ethanol-induced steatosis. Finally, Igfbp3 was increased, and SerpinA12 was decreased in serum and liver tissue from patients with alcoholic hepatitis. CONCLUSION Selective deletion of NRP-1 from HSCs attenuates alcohol-induced steatohepatitis through regulation of Igfbp3 and SerpinA12 signaling. LAY SUMMARY Hepatic stellate cells are known for their role in fibrosis (scarring of the liver). In this study, we describe their role in the modulation of fat deposition and inflammation in the liver, which occurs secondary to alcohol damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Arab
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tejasav S Sehrawat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Vikas K Verma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Douglas Simonetto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sheng Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Usman Yaqoob
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan Leon
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Freire
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose I Vargas
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jung H Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Youngman Oh
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robert C Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vijay H Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Ronis MJ, Mercer KE, Shankar K, Pulliam C, Pedersen K, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Friso S, Samuelson D, Del Valle L, Taylor C, Welsh DA. Potential role of gut microbiota, the proto-oncogene PIKE (Agap2) and cytochrome P450 CYP2W1 in promotion of liver cancer by alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and protection by dietary soy protein. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 325:109131. [PMID: 32417163 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated promotion of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) initiated liver tumorigenesis after feeding diets high in fat or ethanol (EtOH) to male mice. This was accompanied by hepatic induction of the proto-oncogene PIKE (Agap2). Switch of dietary protein from casein to soy protein isolate (SPI) significantly reduced tumor formation in these models. We have linked EtOH consumption in mice to microbial dysbiosis. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrate that microbiota from mice fed ethanol can induce hepatic steatosis in the absence of ethanol suggesting that microbiota or the microbial metabolome play key roles in development of fatty liver disease. Feeding SPI significantly changed gut bacteria in mice increasing alpha diversity (P < 0.05) and levels of Clostidiales spp. Feeding soy formula to piglets also resulted in significant changes in microbiota, the pattern of bile acid metabolites and in inhibition of the intestinal-hepatic FXR/FGF19-SHP pathway which has been linked to both steatosis and hepatocyte proliferation. Moreover, feeding SPI also resulted in induction of hepatic PPARα signaling and inhibition of PIKE mRNA expression coincident with inhibition of steatosis and cancer prevention. Feeding studies in the DEN model with differing dietary fats demonstrated tumor promotion specific to the saturated fat, cocoa butter relative to diets containing olive oil or corn oil associated with microbial dysbiosis including dramatic increases in Lachnospiraceae particularly from the genus Coprococcus. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that tumors from EtOH-fed mice and patients with alcohol-associated HCC also expressed high levels of a novel cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2W1. Additional adoptive transfer experiments and studies in knockout mice are required to determine the exact relationship between soy effects on the microbiota, expression of PIKE, CYP2W1, PPARα activation and prevention of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Ronis
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.
| | | | | | - Casey Pulliam
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Kim Pedersen
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | | | | | | | - Luis Del Valle
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - Chris Taylor
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA
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50
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Avila MA, Dufour JF, Gerbes AL, Zoulim F, Bataller R, Burra P, Cortez-Pinto H, Gao B, Gilmore I, Mathurin P, Moreno C, Poznyak V, Schnabl B, Szabo G, Thiele M, Thursz MR. Recent advances in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD): summary of a Gut round table meeting. Gut 2020; 69:764-780. [PMID: 31879281 PMCID: PMC7236084 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), which includes a range of disorders of different severity and is one of the most prevalent types of liver disease worldwide, has recently regained increased attention. Among other reasons, the realisation that any alcohol intake, regardless of type of beverage represents a health risk, and the new therapeutic strategies tested in recently published or undergoing clinical trials spur scientific interest in this area.In April 2019, Gut convened a round table panel of experts during the European Association for the Study of the Liver International Liver Congress in Vienna to discuss critical and up-to-date issues and clinical trial data regarding ALD, its epidemiology, diagnosis, management, pathomechanisms, possible future treatments and prevention. This paper summarises the discussion and its conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias A Avila
- Hepatology, CIBERehd, IdiSNA, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jean-François Dufour
- Hepatology, Department of Clinical Research and University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L Gerbes
- Liver Centre Munich, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Hepatology Department, INSERM U1052, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Cancer Research Centerl of Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, CHLN, Laboratorio de Nutriçao, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ian Gilmore
- Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, INSERM U795, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hépatopancréatologie et Oncologie Digestive, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vladimir Poznyak
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Department of Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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