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Zhang A, Song H, Liu Z, Cui H, Ding H, Chen S, Xiao S, An L, Cardoso P. Effects of plant taxonomic position on soil nematode communities in Antarctica. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14264. [PMID: 38563105 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Antarctica terrestrial ecosystems are facing the most threats from global climate change, which is altering plant composition greatly. These transformations may cause major reshuffling of soil community composition, including functional traits and diversity, and therefore affect ecosystem processes in Antarctica. We used high-throughput sequencing analysis to investigate soil nematodes under 3 dominant plant functional groups (lichens, mosses, and vascular plants) and bare ground in the Antarctic region. We calculated functional diversity of nematodes based on their diet, life histories, and body mass with kernel density n-dimensional hypervolumes. We also calculated taxonomic and functional beta diversity of the nematode communities based on Jaccard dissimilarity. The presence of plants had no significant effect on the taxonomic richness of nematodes but significantly increased nematode functional richness. The presence of plants also significantly decreased taxonomic beta diversity (homogenization). Only mosses and vascular plants decreased nematode functional beta diversity, which was mostly due to a decreased effect of the richness difference component. The presence of plants also increased the effect of deterministic processes potentially because environmental filtering created conditions favorable to nematodes at low trophic levels with short life histories and small body size. Increasing plant cover in the Antarctic due to climate change may lead to increased diversity of nematode species that can use the scarce resources and nematode taxonomic and functional homogenization. In a future under climate change, community restructuring in the region is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongxian Song
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanwen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haitao Ding
- Antarctic Great Wall Ecology National Observation and Research Station, Polar Research Institute of China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Ramos L, Negreiros D, Goulart FF, Figueiredo JCG, Kenedy-Siqueira W, Toma TSP, Justino WDS, Maia RA, de Oliveira JT, Oki Y, Barbosa M, Aguilar R, Dos Santos RM, Dias HM, Nunes YRF, Fernandes GW. Dissimilar forests along the Rio Doce watershed call for multiple restoration references to avoid biotic homogenization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172720. [PMID: 38688373 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
An environmental disaster caused by the rupture of a mining tailings dam has impacted a large area of the Rio Doce watershed in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, resulting in unprecedented damage at spatial and temporal scales. The Atlantic Forest is one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots. A long history of land use conversion has resulted in a highly fragmented landscape. Despite numerous restoration initiatives, these efforts have often biased criteria and use limited species assemblages. We conducted a comprehensive synthesis of the plant community in riparian forests along the Rio Doce watershed. Our work detailed vegetation composition (tree and sapling strata) and examined its relationship with edaphic and landscape factors, aiming to inform restoration projects with scientifically robust knowledge. A total of 4906 individuals from the tree strata and 4565 individuals from the sapling strata were recorded, representing a total of 1192 species from 75 families. Only 0.8% of the tree species and 0.5% of the sapling species occurred in all sampled sectors, with over 84% of the species occurring in a single watershed sector for both strata. We observed a high species heterogeneity modulated by turnover (92.3% in the tree, and 92.7% in the sapling strata) among sites. Overall, our research revealed a gradient of soil fertility influencing species composition across different strata. Additionally, we discovered that preserved landscapes had a positive impact on species diversity within both strata. The species exclusivity in the sampled sites and the high turnover rate imply the need to consider multiple reference ecosystems when restoring the watershed to reduce the risk of biotic homogenization. Finally, the reference ecosystems defined here serve as a basis for the selection of locally particular species in the implementation of restoration projects that aim to improve biodiversity, ecosystem services, and water security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Ramos
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Negreiros
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Figueiredo Goulart
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Gomes Figueiredo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGB, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Walisson Kenedy-Siqueira
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tiago Shizen Pacheco Toma
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wénita de Souza Justino
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata A Maia
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jéssica Tetzner de Oliveira
- Forestry and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Yumi Oki
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milton Barbosa
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, OX1 3QY, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ramiro Aguilar
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba - CONICET, CC 495, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rubens Manoel Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, CP 3037, 37200-000, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henrique Machado Dias
- Forestry and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES, 29550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica Aplicada, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, 39401-089, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G Wilson Fernandes
- Ecologia Evolutiva & Biodiversidade, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução/ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Ge X, Ding J, Amantai N, Xiong J, Wang J. Responses of vegetation cover to hydro-climatic variations in Bosten Lake Watershed, NW China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1323445. [PMID: 38689846 PMCID: PMC11058830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1323445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Amidst the backdrop of global climate change, it is imperative to comprehend the intricate connections among surface water, vegetation, and climatic shifts within watersheds, especially in fragile, arid ecosystems. However, these relationships across various timescales remain unclear. We employed the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method to analyze the multifaceted dynamics of surface water and vegetation in the Bosten Lake Watershed across multiple temporal scales. This analysis has shed light on how these elements interact with climate change, revealing significant insights. From March to October, approximately 14.9-16.8% of the areas with permanent water were susceptible to receding and drying up. Both the annual and monthly values of Bosten Lake's level and area exhibited a trend of initial decline followed by an increase, reaching their lowest point in 2013 (1,045.0 m and 906.6 km2, respectively). Approximately 7.7% of vegetated areas showed a significant increase in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). NDVI volatility was observed in 23.4% of vegetated areas, primarily concentrated in the southern part of the study area and near Lake Bosten. Regarding the annual components (6 < T < 24 months), temperature, 3-month cumulative NDVI, and 3-month-leading precipitation exhibited the strongest correlation with changes in water level and surface area. For the interannual components (T≥ 24 months), NDVI, 3-month cumulative precipitation, and 3-month-leading temperature displayed the most robust correlation with alterations in water level and surface area. In both components, NDVI had a negative impact on Bosten Lake's water level and surface area, while temperature and precipitation exerted positive effects. Through comparative analysis, this study reveals the importance of temporal periodicity in developing adaptive strategies for achieving Sustainable Development Goals in dryland watersheds. This study introduces a robust methodology for dissecting trends within scale components of lake level and surface area and links these trends to climate variations and NDVI changes across different temporal scales. The inherent correlations uncovered in this research can serve as valuable guidance for future investigations into surface water dynamics in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Ge
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianli Ding
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Nigenare Amantai
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Xiong
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environment Modelling of Higher Education Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jingzhe Wang
- Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
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Perron T, Legrand M, Janeau JL, Manizan A, Vierling C, Kouakou A, Brauman A, Gay F, Laclau JP, Mareschal L. Runoff and soil loss are drastically decreased in a rubber plantation combining the spreading of logging residues with a legume cover. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169335. [PMID: 38103613 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil erosion on agricultural land is a major threat for food and raw materials production. It has become a major concern in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations introduced on sloping ground. Alternative agroecological crop management practices must be investigated. One aim of our study was to assess the ability of logging residues (i.e., trunks, branches, leaves and stumps of a clearcut plantation) and of legume cover (Pueraria phaseoloides) to mitigate N, P and K losses through runoff and soil detachment in a young rubber plantation. The other aim was to investigate the relationships of these nutrient losses with soil structure and soil macrofauna diversity. Runoff and soil loss were monitored for 3 years using 1-m2 plots under different practices as regards the management of logging residues and the use or not of a legume. The monitoring started when rubber trees were one-year-old. The planting row, where soil was bare, was the hotspot of soil erosion, with an average runoff of 832 mm y-1 and soil loss of 3.2 kg m-2 y-1. Sowing a legume in the inter-row reduced runoff and soil loss by 88 % and 98 % respectively, compared to bare soil. Spreading logging residues as well as growing a legume cover almost eliminated runoff and soil detachment (19 mm y-1 and 4 g m-2 y-1 respectively). Nutrient losses were negligible as long as the soil surface was covered by a legume crop, with or without logging residues. Total N loss from soil detachment ranged from 0.02 to 0.2 g m-2 y-1, for example. Spreading logging residues in the inter-rows significantly improved soil structure and soil macrofauna diversity compared to bare soil. Nutrient losses from runoff and soil detachment were negatively correlated with improved soil structure and soil macrofauna diversity. We recommend investigating alternative ways to manage planting rows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Perron
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France; SAPH, Direction of Industrial Plantations (DPI), Cote d'Ivoire.
| | - Marianne Legrand
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France; INRAE, EMMAH, UMR 1114 INRAE-Avignon University, Domaine Saint Paul, F-84914 Avignon cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Louis Janeau
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences (iEES-Paris), IRD, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Manizan
- SOGB, Agricultural technique, auditing and Organisation Department (DTAO), SOCFIN, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Cécile Vierling
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France; AgroParisTech, 22 place de l'Agronomie, 91123 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Aymard Kouakou
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; Nangui Abrogoua University, Ecology and Sustainable Development Laboratory, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Alain Brauman
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Gay
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Laclau
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Louis Mareschal
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France; CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Adams MA, Neumann M. Litter accumulation and fire risks show direct and indirect climate-dependence at continental scale. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1515. [PMID: 36934100 PMCID: PMC10024763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Litter decomposition / accumulation are rate limiting steps in soil formation, carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling and fire risk in temperate forests, highlighting the importance of robust predictive models at all geographic scales. Using a data set for the Australian continent, we show that among a range of models, >60% of the variance in litter mass over a 40-year time span can be accounted for by a parsimonious model with elapsed time, and indices of aridity and litter quality, as independent drivers. Aridity is an important driver of variation across large geographic and climatic ranges while litter quality shows emergent properties of climate-dependence. Up to 90% of variance in litter mass for individual forest types can be explained using models of identical structure. Results provide guidance for future decomposition studies. Algorithms reported here can significantly improve accuracy and reliability of predictions of carbon and nutrient dynamics and fire risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Adams
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mathias Neumann
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Romano D, Di Giovanni A, Pucciariello C, Stefanini C. Turning earthworms into moonworms: Earthworms colonization of lunar regolith as a bioengineering approach supporting future crop growth in space. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14683. [PMID: 37020940 PMCID: PMC10068126 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The earthworms beneficial effects on soils may be promising to improve lunar soil fertility, enabling the use of local substrates for space farming. Herein, we investigated the effects of the lunar regolith simulant (LHS-1) at different concentrations in cow manure mixtures on the survival and fitness of Eisenia fetida. During 14 and 60-day experiments, although E. fetida showed an increased mortality with LHS-1 alone, most of the population survived. More numerous tunnels were observed when exposed to the higher concentrations of LHS-1 (poor in nutrients for earthworms). This may be related to an increased mobility for food search. The cocoons production was not affected by different substrate treatments, except for the highest concentration of LHS-1. No effects of different LHS-1 concentrations on the amount of ingested substrate were recorded. This study shows that E. fetida can potentially colonize lunar regolith representing a future valuable biological tool for supporting crops growth on the Moon.
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Ramírez BH, Cortés‐B R, Pinzón OP, Gómez L, Jacquin S, Hernández E, Quimbayo LA, Bogotá‐A RG. Cloud forests of the Orinoco River Basin (Colombia): Variation in vegetation and soil macrofauna composition along the hydrometeorological gradient. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz H. Ramírez
- Maestría en Manejo, Uso y Conservación del Bosque Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas ‐UDFJC Bogotá Colombia
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de la Orinoquia ‐CEAO ABC Colombia Yopal Colombia
| | - Rocío Cortés‐B
- Maestría en Manejo, Uso y Conservación del Bosque Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas ‐UDFJC Bogotá Colombia
- Ingeniería Forestal Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas ‐UDFJC Bogotá Colombia
| | - Olga Patricia Pinzón
- Maestría en Manejo, Uso y Conservación del Bosque Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas ‐UDFJC Bogotá Colombia
- Ingeniería Forestal Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas ‐UDFJC Bogotá Colombia
| | - Laura Gómez
- Ingeniería Forestal Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas ‐UDFJC Bogotá Colombia
| | - Santiago Jacquin
- Ingeniería Forestal Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas ‐UDFJC Bogotá Colombia
| | - Eduardo Hernández
- Ingeniería Forestal Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas ‐UDFJC Bogotá Colombia
| | - Luz Angélica Quimbayo
- Ingeniería Forestal Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas ‐UDFJC Bogotá Colombia
| | - Raúl Giovanni Bogotá‐A
- Maestría en Manejo, Uso y Conservación del Bosque Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas ‐UDFJC Bogotá Colombia
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Pothula SK, Adams BJ. Community assembly in the wake of glacial retreat: A meta-analysis. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:6973-6991. [PMID: 36087341 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems shaped by retreating glaciers provide a unique opportunity to study the order and timing of biotic colonization, and how this influences the structure of successive ecological communities. In the last century glaciers across most of the cryosphere have receded at an unprecedented pace. Many studies have been published from different parts of the world testing hypotheses about how soil ecosystems are responding to rapid, contemporary deglaciation events. To better understand and draw general conclusions about how soil ecosystems respond to deglaciation, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 95 published articles focused on the succession of various organisms and soil physicochemical properties in glacier forefields along the chronosequence. Our global synthesis reveals that key soil properties and the abundance and richness of biota follow two conspicuous patterns: (1) some taxa demonstrate a persistent increase in abundance and richness over the entire chronosequence, (2) other taxa increase in abundance and richness during the first 50 years of succession, then gradually decline 50 years onward. The soil properties and soil organisms that are intimately tied to vegetation follow the first pattern, consistent with the idea that aboveground patterns of vegetation can drive patterns of belowground biodiversity. The second pattern may be due to an initial increase and subsequent decline in available nutrients and habitat suitability caused by increased biotic interactions, including resource competition among soil biota. A consensus view of the patterns of historical and contemporary soil ecosystem responses to deglaciation provides a better understanding of the processes that generate these patterns and informs predictions of ongoing and future responses to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byron J Adams
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratories, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
- Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Burton VJ, Contu S, De Palma A, Hill SLL, Albrecht H, Bone JS, Carpenter D, Corstanje R, De Smedt P, Farrell M, Ford HV, Hudson LN, Inward K, Jones DT, Kosewska A, Lo-Man-Hung NF, Magura T, Mulder C, Murvanidze M, Newbold T, Smith J, Suarez AV, Suryometaram S, Tóthmérész B, Uehara-Prado M, Vanbergen AJ, Verheyen K, Wuyts K, Scharlemann JPW, Eggleton P, Purvis A. Land use and soil characteristics affect soil organisms differently from above-ground assemblages. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:135. [PMID: 36397002 PMCID: PMC9673366 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Land-use is a major driver of changes in biodiversity worldwide, but studies have overwhelmingly focused on above-ground taxa: the effects on soil biodiversity are less well known, despite the importance of soil organisms in ecosystem functioning. We modelled data from a global biodiversity database to compare how the abundance of soil-dwelling and above-ground organisms responded to land use and soil properties. Results We found that land use affects overall abundance differently in soil and above-ground assemblages. The abundance of soil organisms was markedly lower in cropland and plantation habitats than in primary vegetation and pasture. Soil properties influenced the abundance of soil biota in ways that differed among land uses, suggesting they shape both abundance and its response to land use. Conclusions Our results caution against assuming models or indicators derived from above-ground data can apply to soil assemblages and highlight the potential value of incorporating soil properties into biodiversity models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02089-4.
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Xia Y, Watts JD, Machmuller MB, Sanderman J. Machine learning based estimation of field-scale daily, high resolution, multi-depth soil moisture for the Western and Midwestern United States. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14275. [PMID: 36353602 PMCID: PMC9639422 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-resolution soil moisture estimates are critical for planning water management and assessing environmental quality. In-situ measurements alone are too costly to support the spatial and temporal resolutions needed for water management. Recent efforts have combined calibration data with machine learning algorithms to fill the gap where high resolution moisture estimates are lacking at the field scale. This study aimed to provide calibrated soil moisture models and methodology for generating gridded estimates of soil moisture at multiple depths, according to user-defined temporal periods, spatial resolution and extent. Methods We applied nearly one million national library soil moisture records from over 100 sites, spanning the U.S. Midwest and West, to build Quantile Random Forest (QRF) calibration models. The QRF models were built on covariates including soil moisture estimates from North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS), soil properties, climate variables, digital elevation models, and remote sensing-derived indices. We also explored an alternative approach that adopted a regionalized calibration dataset for the Western U.S. The broad-scale QRF models were independently validated according to sampling depths, land cover type, and observation period. We then explored the model performance improved with local samples used for spiking. Finally, the QRF models were applied to estimate soil moisture at the field scale where evaluation was carried out to check estimated temporal and spatial patterns. Results The broad-scale QRF model showed moderate performance (R2 = 0.53, RMSE = 0.078 m3/m3) when data points from all depth layers (up to 100 cm) were considered for an independent validation. Elevation, NLDAS-derived moisture, soil properties, and sampling depth were ranked as the most important covariates. The best model performance was observed for forest and pasture sites (R2 > 0.5; RMSE < 0.09 m3/m3), followed by grassland and cropland (R2 > 0.4; RMSE < 0.11 m3/m3). Model performance decreased with sampling depths and was slightly lower during the winter months. Spiking the national QRF model with local samples improved model performance by reducing the RMSE to less than 0.05 m3/m3 for grassland sites. At the field scale, model estimates illustrated more accurate temporal trends for surface than subsurface soil layers. Model estimated spatial patterns need to be further improved and validated with management data. Conclusions The model accuracy for top 0-20 cm soil depth (R2 > 0.5, RMSE < 0.08 m3/m3) showed promise for adopting the methodology for soil moisture monitoring. The success of spiking the national model with local samples showed the need to collect multi-year high frequency (e.g., hourly) sensor-based field measurements to improve estimates of soil moisture for a longer time period. Future work should improve model performance for deeper depths with additional hydraulic properties and use of locally-selected calibration datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Xia
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jennifer D. Watts
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Megan B. Machmuller
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Jonathan Sanderman
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, United States
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11
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Zhang C, Xue W, Xue J, Zhang J, Qiu L, Chen X, Hu F, Kardol P, Liu M. Leveraging functional traits of cover crops to coordinate crop productivity and soil health. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhe Zhang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Wenfeng Xue
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Jingrong Xue
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Lujie Qiu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Feng Hu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Manqiang Liu
- Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
- Centre for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
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12
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Soil Amendments with Spearmint, Peppermint and Rosemary Enhance the Community of Free-Living Nematodes and Improve Soil Quality, While Having Strikingly Different Effects on Plant Growth. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081121. [PMID: 35892923 PMCID: PMC9394304 DOI: 10.3390/life12081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable farming practices aim to replace agrochemicals with plant-based alternatives to increase productivity and soil quality. To evaluate the potential use of aromatic plants as soil amendments in tomato seedbeds, in a greenhouse experiment, we used spearmint, peppermint, and rosemary, separately, as soil amendments, in pots sown with tomato, and studied their effect on seedling growth, soil nutrients, and the soil nematode community in terms of trophic and functional structure, metabolic footprint, and genera composition. Non-amended soil was used in the control pots. We further explored the dynamics of the plant–soil–nematode interactions by using aromatic plants at different stages of decomposition (0, 28, and 56 days). Incorporating aromatic plants into the soil led to the proliferation of free-living nematodes, especially of the opportunistic kind, resulting in vigorous and enriched soil. This was more pronounced in the case of the spearmint and peppermint, which also increased the tomato growth. The high soil nutritional status and enhanced plant growth were most prominent when the aromatic plants were left for 28 days to decompose in the soil before sowing. Compared with the mint plants, the rosemary had similar, yet less intense, effects on the soil community, but completely inhibited the growth of the tomato seedlings. Therefore, it is not recommended for use as a soil amendment in tomato seedbeds.
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13
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Characteristics of Soil Macrofauna and Its Coupling Relationship with Environmental Factors in the Loess Area of Northern Shaanxi. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Even with the in-depth implementation of forestry ecological projects, such as restoring farmland to forest (grass) in the loess area of northern Shaanxi, the characteristics of soil macrofauna communities and their coupling relationship with environmental factors after vegetation restoration in the study area are yet obscure. However, the soil macrofauna community characteristics are of great significance for evaluating the effectiveness of vegetation restoration in the study area. Therefore, the study aims to reveal the characteristics of the soil macrofauna community and their coupling relationships with the environment in the loess area of northern Shaanxi. In this study, all organisms of the five typical vegetation types in the study area were collected by manual sorting (Armeniaca sibirica and Populus simonii mixed forest (M), Robinia pseudoacacia (P), Populus simonii (S), Populus hopeiensis (H) and Hippophae rhamnoides (R)), and the adjacent abandoned grassland (G) was used as a control group. The group number and the individual number of soil macrofauna of different vegetation types in the study area and their coupling relationships with environmental factors are studied, and the following conclusions were drawn. (1) The study shows that there are certain differences in the environmental factors of different vegetation types in the study area, which include the significant differences in the alkaline nitrogen content of various vegetation types (p < 0.05). (2) The effects of different vegetation on soil macrofauna community were different. There were no significant differences in the soil macrofauna community structure between Armeniaca sibirica and Populus simonii mixed forest, Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus simonii and Populus hopeiensis, but there was a large difference from that of the abandoned grasslands. The community density of soil macrofauna in Armeniaca sibirica and Populus simonii mixed forest and Populus simonii were significantly higher than that in the abandoned grassland (p < 0.05), but the other indexes showed no significant differences. The Shannon–Wiener index of Robinia pseudoacacia and Populus hopeiensis were much lower than that of the abandoned grassland (p < 0.05). (3) The diversity of soil macrofauna communities was mainly affected by pH, alkaline nitrogen, potassium available, vegetation coverage and litter production. (4) Different groups of soil macrofauna were closely related and reacted differently to environmental factors, and vegetation coverage, litter production and alkaline nitrogen content were the key factors affecting the composition of soil macrofauna communities.
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14
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Vloon CC, Evju M, Klanderud K, Hagen D. Alpine restoration: planting and seeding of native species facilitate vegetation recovery. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catharina C. Vloon
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 NO‐1432 Ås Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research P.O. Box 5685 Torgard NO‐7485 Trondheim Norway
| | - Marianne Evju
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Sognsveien 68 NO‐0855 Oslo Norway
| | - Kari Klanderud
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences P.O. Box 5003 NO‐1432 Ås Norway
| | - Dagmar Hagen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research P.O. Box 5685 Torgard NO‐7485 Trondheim Norway
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15
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Functional Diversity of Soil Nematodes in Relation to the Impact of Agriculture—A Review. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the functional diversity of soil nematodes requires detailed knowledge on theoretical aspects of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Basic approaches applied are reviewed, focusing on the impact and value of soil nematode diversity in crop production and on the most consistent external drivers affecting their stability. The role of nematode trophic guilds in two intensively cultivated crops are examined in more detail, as representative of agriculture from tropical/subtropical (banana) and temperate (apple) climates. The multiple facets of nematode network analysis, for management of multitrophic interactions and restoration purposes, represent complex tasks that require the integration of different interdisciplinary expertise. Understanding the evolutionary basis of nematode diversity at the field level, and its response to current changes, will help to explain the observed community shifts. Integrating approaches based on evolutionary biology, population genetics and ecology can quantify the contribution of nematode fauna to fundamental soil functions. These include carbon transformation, nutrient cycling, pest control and disease transmission. In conclusion, different facets of nematode diversity such as trophic groups, life history traits, variability in body size and/or taxa identities in combination with DNA-based techniques are needed in order to disclose nematode–soil–ecosystem functioning relationships. Further experimental studies are required to define locally adapted and sustainable management practices, through ecosystem-based approaches and nature-based solutions.
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16
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Bottos EM, Laughlin DC, Herbold CW, Lee CK, McDonald IR, Cary SC. Abiotic factors influence patterns of bacterial diversity and community composition in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5815075. [PMID: 32239205 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dry Valleys of Antarctica are a unique ecosystem of simple trophic structure, where the abiotic factors that influence soil bacterial communities can be resolved in the absence of extensive biotic interactions. This study evaluated the degree to which aspects of topographic, physicochemical and spatial variation explain patterns of bacterial richness and community composition in 471 soil samples collected across a 220 square kilometer landscape in Southern Victoria Land. Richness was most strongly influenced by physicochemical soil properties, particularly soil conductivity, though significant trends with several topographic and spatial variables were also observed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) supported a final model in which variation in community composition was best explained by physicochemical variables, particularly soil water content, and where the effects of topographic variation were largely mediated through their influence on physicochemical variables. Community dissimilarity increased with distance between samples, and though most of this variation was explained by topographic and physicochemical variation, a small but significant relationship remained after controlling for this environmental variation. As the largest survey of terrestrial bacterial communities of Antarctica completed to date, this work provides fundamental knowledge of the Dry Valleys ecosystem, and has implications globally for understanding environmental factors that influence bacterial distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Bottos
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.,The International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Daniel C Laughlin
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Craig W Herbold
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.,The International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Charles K Lee
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.,The International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Ian R McDonald
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.,The International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - S Craig Cary
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.,The International Centre for Terrestrial Antarctic Research, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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17
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Niu Y, Ren G, Lin G, Di Biase L, Fattorini S. Fine-Scale Vegetation Characteristics Drive Insect Ensemble Structures in a Desert Ecosystem: The Tenebrionid Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Inhabiting the Ulan Buh Desert (Inner Mongolia, China). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11070410. [PMID: 32630774 PMCID: PMC7412226 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In community ecology, ensembles are defined as phylogenetically bounded groups of species that use a similar set of resources within a community. Tenebrionids are a conspicuous faunal component of Asian deserts, but little is known about their community ecology. We investigated if tenebrionids associated with different plant species constitute ensembles with a different ecological structure. Sampling was done with pitfall traps placed beneath the most common plant species. Tenebrionid abundance patterns were modelled by fitting rank–abundance plots. The association between tenebrionid species and plant species was tested using contingency tables. Differences in ensemble diversity were investigated by diversity profiles. All ensembles were fitted by the geometric series model. Tenebrionid species were differently associated with different plant species. Diversity profiles indicate that different ensembles have different diversity patterns, because of differences in species relative abundance. Tenebrionids form different ensembles associated with the different dominant plant species. All these ensembles are, however, characterized by similar patterns of dominance, following the “niche pre-emption” model, and a steep decline in the diversity profiles. This indicates that similar environmental conditions lead to similar insect ensemble organization, although the most abundant species may vary, which suggests a role for microhabitat selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Niu
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China;
- Museum of Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Guodong Ren
- Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China;
- Museum of Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (S.F.)
| | - Giulia Lin
- Via Principe Amedeo 175, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Letizia Di Biase
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Simone Fattorini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (S.F.)
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18
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Guerra CA, Rosa IMD, Valentini E, Wolf F, Filipponi F, Karger DN, Xuan AN, Mathieu J, Lavelle P, Eisenhauer N. Global vulnerability of soil ecosystems to erosion. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2020; 35:823-842. [PMID: 32587435 PMCID: PMC7316572 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-020-00984-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Soil erosion is one of the main threats driving soil degradation across the globe with important impacts on crop yields, soil biota, biogeochemical cycles, and ultimately human nutrition. OBJECTIVES Here, using an empirical model, we present a global and temporally explicit assessment of soil erosion risk according to recent (2001-2013) dynamics of rainfall and vegetation cover change to identify vulnerable areas for soils and soil biodiversity. METHODS We used an adaptation of the Universal Soil Loss Equation together with state of the art remote sensing models to create a spatially and temporally explicit global model of soil erosion and soil protection. Finally, we overlaid global maps of soil biodiversity to assess the potential vulnerability of these soil communities to soil erosion. RESULTS We show a consistent decline in soil erosion protection over time across terrestrial biomes, which resulted in a global increase of 11.7% in soil erosion rates. Notably, soil erosion risk systematically increased between 2006 and 2013 in relation to the baseline year (2001). Although vegetation cover is central to soil protection, this increase was mostly driven by changes in rainfall erosivity. Globally, soil erosion is expected not only to have an impact on the vulnerability of soil conditions but also on soil biodiversity with 6.4% (for soil macrofauna) and 7.6% (for soil fungi) of these vulnerable areas coinciding with regions with high soil biodiversity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that an increasing proportion of soils are degraded globally, affecting not only livelihoods but also potentially degrading local and regional landscapes. Similarly, many degraded regions coincide with and may have impacted high levels of soil biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Guerra
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel M D Rosa
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Gwyned, Wales, UK
| | - Emiliana Valentini
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Florian Wolf
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Federico Filipponi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Dirk N Karger
- Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Nguyen Xuan
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - Jerome Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPEC, Paris 7, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Lavelle
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPEC, Paris 7, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Sylvain ZA, Branson DH, Rand TA, West NM, Espeland EK. Decoupled recovery of ecological communities after reclamation. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7038. [PMID: 31275739 PMCID: PMC6590388 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Grassland restoration is largely focused on creating plant communities that match reference conditions. However, these communities reflect only a subset of the biodiversity of grassland systems. We conducted a multi-trophic study to assess ecosystem recovery following energy development for oil and gas extraction in northern US Great Plains rangelands. We compared soil factors, plant species composition and cover, and nematode trophic structuring between reclaimed oil and gas well sites (“reclaims”) that comprise a chronosequence of two—33 years since reclamation and adjacent, undeveloped rangeland at distances of 50 m and 150 m from reclaim edges. Soils and plant communities in reclaims did not match those on undeveloped rangeland even after 33 years. Reclaimed soils had higher salt concentrations and pH than undeveloped soils. Reclaims had lower overall plant cover, a greater proportion of exotic and ruderal plant cover and lower native plant species richness than undeveloped rangeland. However, nematode communities appear to have recovered following reclamation. Although total and omni-carnivorous nematode abundances differed between reclaimed well sites and undeveloped rangeland, community composition and structure did not. These findings suggest that current reclamation practices recover the functional composition of nematode communities, but not soil conditions or plant communities. Our results show that plant communities have failed to recover through reclamation: high soil salinity may create a persistent impediment to native plant growth and ecosystem recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Sylvain
- Pest Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT, United States of America
| | - David H Branson
- Pest Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT, United States of America
| | - Tatyana A Rand
- Pest Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT, United States of America
| | - Natalie M West
- Pest Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT, United States of America
| | - Erin K Espeland
- Pest Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Sidney, MT, United States of America
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20
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Singh D, Slik JWF, Jeon YS, Tomlinson KW, Yang X, Wang J, Kerfahi D, Porazinska DL, Adams JM. Tropical forest conversion to rubber plantation affects soil micro- & mesofaunal community & diversity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5893. [PMID: 30971738 PMCID: PMC6458137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical rainforests play important roles in carbon sequestration and are hot spots for biodiversity. Tropical forests are being replaced by rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations, causing widespread concern of a crash in biodiversity. Such changes in aboveground vegetation might have stronger impacts on belowground biodiversity. We studied tropical rainforest fragments and derived rubber plantations at a network of sites in Xishuangbanna, China, hypothesizing a major decrease in diversity with conversion to plantations. We used metabarcoding of the 18S rRNA gene and recovered 2313 OTUs, with a total of 449 OTUs shared between the two land-use types. The most abundant phyla detected were Annelida (66.4% reads) followed by arthropods (15.5% reads) and nematodes (8.9% reads). Of these, only annelids were significantly more abundant in rubber plantation. Taken together, α- and β-diversity were significantly higher in forest than rubber plantation. Soil pH and spatial distance explained a significant portion of the variability in phylogenetic community structure for both land-use types. Community assembly was primarily influenced by stochastic processes. Overall it appears that forest replacement by rubber plantation results in an overall loss and extensive replacement of soil micro- and mesofaunal biodiversity, which should be regarded as an additional aspect of the impact of forest conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmesh Singh
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
- Environmental Biotechnology & Genomics Division, CSIR-NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, MH, 440020, India
| | - J W Ferry Slik
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yoon-Seong Jeon
- ChunLab Inc., Bldg. 105-1, Suite #307, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyle W Tomlinson
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Jin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China
| | - Dorsaf Kerfahi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dorota L Porazinska
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, IFAS, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan M Adams
- School of Geography and Ocean Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.
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21
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Treonis AM, Sutton KA, Unangst SK, Wren JE, Dragan ES, McQueen JP. Soil organic matter determines the distribution and abundance of nematodes on alluvial fans in Death Valley, California. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Treonis
- Department of Biology University of Richmond Richmond Virginia 23173 USA
| | - Kelsey A. Sutton
- Department of Biology University of Richmond Richmond Virginia 23173 USA
| | | | - Julia E. Wren
- Department of Biology University of Richmond Richmond Virginia 23173 USA
| | - Emma S. Dragan
- Department of Biology University of Richmond Richmond Virginia 23173 USA
| | - J. Parr McQueen
- Department of Biology University of Richmond Richmond Virginia 23173 USA
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Krüger AL, Snyman R, Odendaal J. The impact of urban pollution on metal contamination of selected forest pockets in Cape Town, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:12537-12549. [PMID: 30847819 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urban forests are exposed to metals, such as manganese, copper, and zinc in the atmosphere that originate from anthropogenic activities, that include vehicle-related traffic, industries, construction sites, fossil fuel burning for heating and cooking purposes, and resuspension processes related to urban surfaces. Not only is the rich biodiversity of plant and animal species in forests under threat, but so are the biodiversity of soil, sustaining ecosystem functions, as well as human health. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the concentrations of manganese, copper, and zinc arising from urban, industrial, and traffic-related pollution in the remote and/or untouched urban indigenous forests using soil, leaf litter, and key forest organisms (mosses, lichens, and millipedes) in three forests (Platbos, Orange Kloof, and Newlands) in the Western Cape, South Africa. Elevated concentrations of these metals were found in the forests closest to the city, as well as at sites in close proximity of vehicle traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Liese Krüger
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P. O Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
| | - Reinette Snyman
- Department of Conservation and Marine Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P. O Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - James Odendaal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P. O Box 652, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
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Auclerc A, Le Moine JM, Hatton PJ, Bird JA, Nadelhoffer KJ. Decadal post-fire succession of soil invertebrate communities is dependent on the soil surface properties in a northern temperate forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1058-1068. [PMID: 30180314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although fires are common disturbances in North American forests, the extent to which soil invertebrate assemblages recover from burning remains unclear. Here, we examine long-term (14- to 101-yr) recoveries of soil invertebrate communities from common cut and burn treatments conducted at 6 to 26-yr intervals since 1911 in a deciduous forest in the upper Great Lakes region (USA). We characterize soil surface macro-invertebrate communities during both fall and spring across a long-term, experimental fire chronosequence to characterize invertebrate community recovery at decadal time-scales and community changes between seasons. We posited that changes in invertebrate community structure might, in turn, impact decomposition process. We sampled active organisms at the soil surface using pitfall traps. We described understory vegetation, measured soil properties, and conducted a 4-year litter bag study with big-toothed aspen leaves (Populus grandidentata). Invertebrate community responses followed a habitat accommodation model of succession showing that invertebrate succession is dependent on the soil surface properties. The fall and spring measures revealed that the densities of active invertebrates were highest 101 years after fire. For a given pair of stands, a pattern of sharing higher percentage of taxa was denoted when stands were of similar age. Some species such as the beetle Stelidota octomaculata appeared to be indicator of the chronosequence succession stage because it tracks the successional increase of Quercus and acorn production at the study site. We also found a significant positive correlation between leaf decomposition of soil macrofaunal accessible leaves and millipedes density across the chronosequence. We show that vegetation cover changes and related shifts in habitat structure occurring during post-fire succession are important in shaping communities assemblages. This finding highlights the importance of simultaneously considering abiotic-biotic factors together with above- and belowground measurements to better characterize controls on successional community dynamics after disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolline Auclerc
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, Inra, LSE, F-54000 Nancy, France; University of Michigan, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - James M Le Moine
- University of Michigan, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Northern Arizona University, Center for Ecosystem Science & Society, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Pierre-Joseph Hatton
- University of Michigan, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Queens College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bird
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Queens College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Knute J Nadelhoffer
- University of Michigan, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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24
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Abstract
There are great concerns about the impacts of soil biodiversity loss on ecosystem functions and services such as nutrient cycling, food production, and carbon storage. A diverse community of soil organisms that together comprise a complex food web mediates such ecosystem functions and services. Recent advances have shed light on the key drivers of soil food web structure, but a conceptual integration is lacking. Here, we explore how human-induced changes in plant community composition influence soil food webs. We present a framework describing the mechanistic underpinnings of how shifts in plant litter and root traits and microclimatic variables impact on the diversity, structure, and function of the soil food web. We then illustrate our framework by discussing how shifts in plant communities resulting from land-use change, climatic change, and species invasions affect soil food web structure and functioning. We argue that unravelling the mechanistic links between plant community trait composition and soil food webs is essential to understanding the cascading effects of anthropogenic shifts in plant communities on ecosystem functions and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan R. De Long
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands
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25
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Devetter M, Háněl L, Řeháková K, Doležal J. Diversity and feeding strategies of soil microfauna along elevation gradients in Himalayan cold deserts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187646. [PMID: 29131839 PMCID: PMC5683576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-elevation cold deserts in Tibet and Himalaya are one of the most extreme environments. One consequence is that the diversity of macrofauna in this environment is often limited, and soil microorganisms have a more influential role in governing key surface and subsurface bioprocesses. High-elevation soil microfauna represent important components of cold ecosystems and dominant consumers of microbial communities. Still little is known about their diversity and distribution on the edge of their reproductive and metabolic abilities. In this study, we disentangle the impact of elevation and soil chemistry on diversity and distribution of rotifers, nematodes and tardigrades and their most frequent feeding strategies (microbial filter-feeders, bacterivores, fungivores, root-fungal feeders, omnivores) along two contrasting altitudinal gradients in Indian NW Himalaya (Zanskar transect from 3805 to 4714 m a.s.l.) and southwestern Tibet (Tso Moriri transect from 4477 to 6176 m a.s.l.), using a combination of multivariate analysis, variation partitioning and generalized additive models. Zanskar transect had higher precipitation, soil moisture, organic matter and available nutrients than dry Tso Moriri transect. In total, 40 species of nematodes, 19 rotifers and 1 tardigrade were discovered. Species richness and total abundance of rotifers and nematodes showed mid-elevation peaks in both investigated transects. The optimum for rotifers was found at higher elevation than for nematodes. Diversity and distribution of soil microfauna was best explained by soil nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter. More fertile soils hosted more diverse and abundant faunal communities. In Tso Moriri, bacterivores represented 60% of all nematodes, fungivores 35%, root-fungal feeders 1% and omnivores 3%. For Zanskar the respective proportions were 21%, 13%, 56% and 9%. Elevational optima of different feeding strategies occurred in Zanskar in one elevation zone (4400–4500 m), while in Tso Moriri each feeding strategy had their unique optima with fungivores at 5300 m (steppes), bacterivores at 5500 m (alpine grassland), filter-feeders at 5600 m and predators and omnivores above 5700 m (subnival zone). Our results shed light on the diversity of microfauna in the high-elevation cold deserts and disentangle the role of different ecological filters in structuring microfaunal communities in the rapidly-warming Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Devetter
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre of The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Ladislav Háněl
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre of The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Řeháková
- Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre of The Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Doležal
- Section of Plant Ecology, Institute of Botany of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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26
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Talbot JJ, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Samson RA, Kidd SE, Pitt J, Lindsay S, Beatty JA, Barrs VR. Discovery of Aspergillus frankstonensis sp. nov. during environmental sampling for animal and human fungal pathogens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181660. [PMID: 28792943 PMCID: PMC5549889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) due to species in Aspergillus section Fumigati (ASF), including the Aspergillus viridinutans species complex (AVSC), are increasingly reported in humans and cats. The risk of exposure to these medically important fungi in Australia is unknown. Air and soil was sampled from the domiciles of pet cats diagnosed with these IFI and from a nature reserve in Frankston, Victoria, where Aspergillus viridinutans sensu stricto was discovered in 1954. Of 104 ASF species isolated, 61% were A. fumigatus sensu stricto, 9% were AVSC (A. felis-clade and A. frankstonensis sp. nov.) and 30% were other species (30%). Seven pathogenic ASF species known to cause disease in humans and animals (A. felis-clade, A. fischeri, A. thermomutatus, A. lentulus, A. laciniosus A. fumisynnematus, A. hiratsukae) comprised 25% of isolates overall. AVSC species were only isolated from Frankston soil where they were abundant, suggesting a particular ecological niche. Phylogenetic, morphological and metabolomic analyses of these isolates identified a new species, A. frankstonensis that is phylogenetically distinct from other AVSC species, heterothallic and produces a unique array of extrolites, including the UV spectrum characterized compounds DOLD, RAIMO and CALBO. Shared morphological and physiological characteristics with other AVSC species include slow sporulation, optimal growth at 37°C, no growth at 50°C, and viriditoxin production. Overall, the risk of environmental exposure to pathogenic species in ASF in Australia appears to be high, but there was no evidence of direct environmental exposure to AVSC species in areas where humans and cats cohabitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Talbot
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jens C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robert A Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Kidd
- National Mycology Reference Centre, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Pitt
- CSIRO Food Science, CSIRO, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sue Lindsay
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia A Beatty
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Barrs
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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27
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de Valença AW, Vanek SJ, Meza K, Ccanto R, Olivera E, Scurrah M, Lantinga EA, Fonte SJ. Land use as a driver of soil fertility and biodiversity across an agricultural landscape in the Central Peruvian Andes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:1138-1154. [PMID: 28117908 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Land use change and intensification in agricultural landscapes of the Andean highlands have resulted in widespread soil degradation and a loss in soil-based ecosystem services and biodiversity. This trend threatens the sustainability of farming communities in the Andes, with important implications for food security and biodiversity conservation throughout the region. Based on these challenges, we sought to understand the impact of current and future land use practices on soil fertility and biodiversity, so as to inform landscape planning and management decisions for sustainable agroecosystem management. We worked with local communities to identify and map dominant land uses in an agricultural landscape surrounding Quilcas, Peru. These land uses existed within two elevations zones (low-medium, 3200-3800 m, and high elevation, 3800-4300 m). They included three types of low-medium elevation forests (eucalyptus, alder, and mixed/native species), five pasture management types (permanent pasture, temporal pasture [in fallow stage], degraded pasture, high-altitude permanent pasture, and high-altitude temporal pasture [in fallow stage]) and six cropping systems (forage crops, maize/beans, and potato under four types of management). Soil fertility was evaluated in surface soils (0-20 cm) with soil physicochemical parameters (e.g., pH, soil organic matter, available nutrients, texture), while soil biological properties were assessed using the abundance and diversity of soil macrofauna and ground cover vegetation. Our results indicated clear impacts of land use on soil fertility and biological communities. Altitude demonstrated the strongest effect on soil physicochemical properties, but management systems within the low-mid elevation zone also showed important differences in soil biological communities. In general, the less-disturbed forest and pasture systems supported more diverse soil communities than the more intensively managed croplands. Degraded soils demonstrated the lowest overall soil fertility and abundance of soil macrofauna, but this may be reversible via the planting of alder forests. Our findings also indicated significant covariation between soil physicochemical parameters, soil macrofauna, and ground vegetation. This suggests that management for any one of these soil properties may yield unintended cascading effects throughout the soil subsystem. In summary, our findings suggest that shifts in land use across the landscape are likely to have important impacts on soil functioning and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne W de Valença
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 563, Wageningen, 6700 AN, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J Vanek
- Department of Geography, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, 16801, USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
| | | | - Raul Ccanto
- Grupo Yanapai, Tripoli 365, Miraflores, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Egbert A Lantinga
- Farming Systems Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 563, Wageningen, 6700 AN, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J Fonte
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523, USA
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28
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Soil diversity as affected by land use in China: consequences for soil protection. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:913852. [PMID: 25250394 PMCID: PMC4163433 DOI: 10.1155/2014/913852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid land-use change in recent decades in China and its impact on terrestrial biodiversity have been widely studied, particularly at local and regional scales. However, the effect of land-use change on the diversity of soils that support the terrestrial biological system has rarely been studied. Here, we report the first effort to assess the impact of land-use change on soil diversity for the entire nation of China. Soil diversity and land-use effects were analyzed spatially in grids and provinces. The land-use effects on different soils were uneven. Anthropogenic soils occupied approximately 12% of the total soil area, which had already replaced the original natural soils. About 7.5% of the natural soil classes in China were in danger of substantial loss, due to the disturbance of agriculture and construction. More than 80% of the endangered soils were unprotected due to the overlook of soil diversity. The protection of soil diversity should be integrated into future conservation activities.
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29
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Knigge T, Bachmann L, Köhler HR. An intron-containing, heat-inducible stress-70 gene in the millipede Tachypodoiulus niger (Julidae, Diplopoda). Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:741-7. [PMID: 24446070 PMCID: PMC4147066 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved part of the nucleotide-binding domain of the hsp70 gene family was amplified from the soil diplopod Tachypodoiulus niger (Julidae, Diplopoda). Genomic DNA yielded 701, 549 and 540 bp sequences, whereas cDNA from heat shocked animals produced only one distinct fragment of 543 bp. The sequences could be classified as a 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsp70), the corresponding 70 kDa heat shock cognate (hsc70) and a glucose-related hsp70 homologue (grp78). Comparisons of genomic and cDNA sequences of hsc70 identified two introns within the consensus sequence. Generally, stress-70 expression levels were low, which hampered successful RT-PCR and subsequent subcloning. Following experimental heat shock, however, the spliced hsc70 was amplified predominantly, instead of its inducible homologue hsp70. This finding suggests that microevolution in this soil-dwelling arthropod is directed towards low constitutive stress-70 levels and that the capacity for stress-70 induction presumably is limited. hsc70, albeit having introns, apparently is inducible and contributes to the stress-70 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knigge
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, EA 3222 PRES Normandie, Le Havre University, 25 Rue Philippe Lebon, F-76058, Le Havre Cedex, France,
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30
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Dighton J. Introduction: Soils and Their Promotion of Plant Growth. INTERACTIONS IN SOIL: PROMOTING PLANT GROWTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8890-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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31
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Testing the paradox of enrichment along a land use gradient in a multitrophic aboveground and belowground community. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49034. [PMID: 23145055 PMCID: PMC3493510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the light of ongoing land use changes, it is important to understand how multitrophic communities perform at different land use intensities. The paradox of enrichment predicts that fertilization leads to destabilization and extinction of predator-prey systems. We tested this prediction for a land use intensity gradient from natural to highly fertilized agricultural ecosystems. We included multiple aboveground and belowground trophic levels and land use-dependent searching efficiencies of insects. To overcome logistic constraints of field experiments, we used a successfully validated simulation model to investigate plant responses to removal of herbivores and their enemies. Consistent with our predictions, instability measured by herbivore-induced plant mortality increased with increasing land use intensity. Simultaneously, the balance between herbivores and natural enemies turned increasingly towards herbivore dominance and natural enemy failure. Under natural conditions, there were more frequently significant effects of belowground herbivores and their natural enemies on plant performance, whereas there were more aboveground effects in agroecosystems. This result was partly due to the “boom-bust” behavior of the shoot herbivore population. Plant responses to herbivore or natural enemy removal were much more abrupt than the imposed smooth land use intensity gradient. This may be due to the presence of multiple trophic levels aboveground and belowground. Our model suggests that destabilization and extinction are more likely to occur in agroecosystems than in natural communities, but the shape of the relationship is nonlinear under the influence of multiple trophic interactions.
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32
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Shao Y, Zhang W, Liu Z, Sun Y, Chen D, Wu J, Zhou L, Xia H, Neher DA, Fu S. Responses of soil microbial and nematode communities to aluminum toxicity in vegetated oil-shale-waste lands. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:2132-2142. [PMID: 22732942 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Both soil nematodes and microorganisms have been shown to be sensitive bioindicators of soil recovery in metal-contaminated habitats; however, the underlying processes are poorly understood. We investigated the relationship among soil microbial community composition, nematode community structure and soil aluminum (Al) content in different vegetated aluminum-rich ecosystems. Our results demonstrated that there were greater soil bacterial, fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal biomass in Syzygium cumini plantation, greater abundance of soil nematodes in Acacia auriculiformis plantation, and greater abundance of soil predatory and herbivorous nematodes in Schima wallichii plantation. The concentration of water-soluble Al was normally greater in vegetated than non-vegetated soil. The residual Al and total Al concentrations showed a significant decrease after planting S. cumini plantation onto the shale dump. Acid extractable, reducible and oxidisable Al concentrations were greater in S. wallichii plantation. Stepwise linear regression analysis suggests the concentrations of water-soluble Al and total Al content explain the most variance associated with nematode assembly; whereas, the abundance of early-successional nematode taxa was explained mostly by soil moisture, soil organic C and total N rather than the concentrations of different forms of Al. In contrast, no significant main effects of either Al or soil physico-chemical characteristics on soil microbial biomass were observed. Our study suggests that vegetation was the primary driver on soil nematodes and microorganisms and it also could regulate the sensitivity of bio-indicator role mainly through the alteration of soil Al and physico-chemical characteristics, and S. cumini is effective for amending the Al contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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Hines J, Gessner MO. Consumer trophic diversity as a fundamental mechanism linking predation and ecosystem functioning. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:1146-1153. [PMID: 22676625 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.02003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Primary production and decomposition, two fundamental processes determining the functioning of ecosystems, may be sensitive to changes in biodiversity and food web interactions. 2. The impacts of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning are generally quantified by experimentally decoupling these linked processes and examining either primary production-based (green) or decomposition-based (brown) food webs in isolation. This decoupling may strongly limit our ability to assess the importance of food web interactions on ecosystem processes. 3. To evaluate how consumer trophic diversity mediates predator effects on ecosystem functioning, we conducted a mesocosm experiment and a field study using an assemblage of invertebrates that naturally co-occur on North Atlantic coastal saltmarshes. We measured the indirect impact of predation on primary production and leaf decomposition as a result of prey communities composed of herbivores alone, detritivores alone or both prey in combination. 4. We find that primary consumers can influence ecosystem process rates not only within, but also across green and brown sub-webs. Moreover, by feeding on a functionally diverse consumer assemblage comprised of both herbivores and detritivores, generalist predators can diffuse consumer effects on decomposition, primary production and feedbacks between the two processes. 5. These results indicate that maintaining functional diversity among primary consumers can alter the consequences of traditional trophic cascades, and they emphasize the role of the detritus-based sub-web when seeking key biotic drivers of plant production. Clearly, traditional compartmentalization of empirical food webs can limit our ability to predict the influence of food web interactions on ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes Hines
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USADepartment of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, SwitzerlandDepartment of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin, GermanyDepartment of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USADepartment of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, SwitzerlandDepartment of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Stechlin, GermanyDepartment of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Berlin, Germany
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