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Cai W, Pierzynowska K, Stiernborg M, Xu J, Nilsson IA, Svensson U, Melas PA, Lavebratt C. Multispecies synbiotics alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis: Effects on clinical scores, intestinal pathology, and plasma biomarkers in male and female mice. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:74-83. [PMID: 38923468 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and has been linked to an imbalance in gut bacteria. Synbiotics, which combine probiotics and prebiotics, are emerging as potential IBD treatments. AIM To examine the effects of four synbiotic formulations on intestinal inflammation and peripheral biomarkers in a rodent IBD model of both sexes. METHODS Colitis was induced in male and female C57BL/6 mice using 1% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Concurrently, a non-exposed control group was maintained. Starting on day 4 post-induction, DSS-exposed mice received one of four synbiotic preparations (Synbio1-4 composed of lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium and dietary fibres), an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat IBD (mesalazine), or placebo (water) until day 14. Clinical symptoms and body weight were monitored daily. Blood samples (taken on days -3, 4, and 14, relative to DSS introduction), were used to analyze plasma biomarkers. At the end of the study, intestinal tissues underwent histological and morphological evaluation. RESULTS Compared to placebo, the Synbio1-, 2- and 3-treated groups had improved clinical scores by day 14. Synbio1 was the only preparation that led to clinical improvements to scores comparable to those of controls. The Synbio1-and 3-treated groups also demonstrated histological improvements in the colon. Plasma biomarker analyses revealed significant Synbio1-induced changes in plasma IL17A, VEGFD, and TNFRSF11B levels that correlated with improved clinical or histological scores. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that most therapeutic-like effects were more pronounced in females. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of specific synbiotics for IBD management. However, further research is needed to validate these outcomes in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Cai
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Miranda Stiernborg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Ak Nilsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Philippe A Melas
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, 11364 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Li Z, Peng C, Sun Y, Zhang T, Feng C, Zhang W, Huang T, Yao G, Zhang H, He Q. Both viable Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 and heat-killed cells alleviate the intestinal inflammation of DSS-induced IBD rats. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0350923. [PMID: 38647334 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03509-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In view of the safety concerns of probiotics, more and more attention is paid to the beneficial effects of dead probiotics cells. Herein, we investigated and compared the alleviation effects of viable Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 (B. infantis B8762) and its heat-killed cells on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rats. Four groups of rats (n = 12 per group) were included: normal control, DSS-induced colitis rats without bacterial administration (DSS), DSS-induced colitis rats with viable B. infantis B8762 administration (VB8762), and DSS-induced colitis rats with dead B. infantis B8762 administration (DB8762). Our results showed that both VB8762 and DB8762 administration exerted significant protective effects on DSS-induced IBD rats, as evidenced by a reduction in mortality, disease activity index score, body weight loss, as well as decreased histology score, which were companied by a significant decrease in serum pro-inflammatory factors compared with DSS group, and a stronger effect on modulating the fecal microbiota alpha-diversity and beta-diversity compared with DSS group. Additionally, the fecal metabolome results showed that both VB8762 and DB8762 interventions indeed altered the fecal metabolome profile and related metabolic pathways of DSS-induced IBD rats. Therefore, given the alleviation effects on colitis, the DB8762 can be confirmed to be a postbiotic. Overall, our findings suggested that VB8762 and DB8762 had similar ability to alleviate IBD although with some differences. Due to the minimal safety concern of postbiotics, we propose that the postbiotic DB8762 could be a promising alternative to probiotics to be applied in the prevention and treatment of IBDs.IMPORTANCEInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has emerged as a global disease because of the worldwide spread of western diets and lifestyles during industrialization. Up to now, many probiotic strains are used as a modulator of gut microbiota or an enhancer of gut barrier to alleviate or cure IBD. However, there are still many issues of using probiotics, which were needed to be concerned about, for instance, safety issues in certain groups like neonates and vulnerable populations, and the functional differences between viable and dead microorganisms. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the beneficial effects of dead probiotics cells. The present study proved that both viable Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis B8762 and heat-killed cells could alleviate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats. The findings help to support that some heat-killed probiotics cells can also exert relevant biological functions and can be used as a postbiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuantao Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaru Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cuijiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Weiqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guoqiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiuwen He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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Gul S, Durante-Mangoni E. Unraveling the Puzzle: Health Benefits of Probiotics-A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1436. [PMID: 38592298 PMCID: PMC10935031 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A growing number of probiotic-containing products are on the market, and their use is increasing. Probiotics are thought to support the health of the gut microbiota, which in turn might prevent or delay the onset of gastrointestinal tract disorders. Obesity, type 2 diabetes, autism, osteoporosis, and some immunological illnesses are among the conditions that have been shown to possibly benefit from probiotics. In addition to their ability to favorably affect diseases, probiotics represent a defense system enhancing intestinal, nutritional, and oral health. Depending on the type of microbial strain utilized, probiotics can have variable beneficial properties. Although many microbial species are available, the most widely employed ones are lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. The usefulness of these bacteria is dependent on both their origin and their capacity to promote health. Probiotics represent a valuable clinical tool supporting gastrointestinal health, immune system function, and metabolic balance. When used appropriately, probiotics may provide benefits such as a reduced risk of gastrointestinal disorders, enhanced immunity, and improved metabolic health. Most popular probiotics, their health advantages, and their mode of action are the topic of this narrative review article, aimed to provide the reader with a comprehensive reappraisal of this topic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Gul
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via de Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
- Unit of Infectious & Transplant Medicine, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli—Ospedale Monaldi, Piazzale Ettore Ruggieri, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Kumar S, Ahmad MF, Nath P, Roy R, Bhattacharjee R, Shama E, Gahatraj I, Sehrawat M, Dasriya V, Dhillon HS, Puniya M, Samtiya M, Dhewa T, Aluko RE, Khedkar GD, Raposo A, Puniya AK. Controlling Intestinal Infections and Digestive Disorders Using Probiotics. J Med Food 2023; 26:705-720. [PMID: 37646629 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After consumption, probiotics provide health benefits to the host. Probiotics and their metabolites have therapeutic and nutritional properties that help to alleviate gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular problems. Probiotics strengthen host immunity through various mechanisms, including improved gut barrier function, receptor site blocking, competitive exclusion of pathogens, and the production of bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence suggests that intestinal bowel diseases can be fatal, but regular probiotic consumption can alleviate disease symptoms. The use and detailed description of the health benefits of probiotics to consumers in terms of reducing intestinal infection, inflammation, and digestive disorders are discussed in this review. The well-designed and controlled studies that examined the use of probiotics to reduce life-threatening activities caused by intestinal bowel diseases are also covered. This review discussed the active principles and potency of probiotics as evidenced by the known effects on host health, in addition to providing information on the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priyakshi Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rudrarup Bhattacharjee
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eman Shama
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | - Vaishali Dasriya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | | | - Monica Puniya
- Science and Standards Division, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gulab D Khedkar
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Jin W, Ai H, Huang Q, Li C, He X, Jin Z, Zuo Y. Preclinical evidence of probiotics in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187911. [PMID: 37361217 PMCID: PMC10288114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance of gastrointestinal microbial composition has been identified as the main factor of chronic inflammatory diseases. At present, probiotics have a beneficial effect on the microbial composition of the human gastrointestinal tract, but it is still controversial and the specific mechanism is unknown. The purpose of this network meta-analysis is to compare the mechanism of different probiotics on ulcerative colitis. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched till 16 November 2022. The SYRCLE risk bias assessment tool was used to assess the quality of the research studies. A total of 42 studies, 839 ulcerative colitis models, and 24 kinds of probiotics were finally included. The results showed that L. rhamnosus has the best effect in relieving weight loss and improving the Shannon index in the ulcerative colitis model. E. faecium has the best effect in reducing colon injury; L. reuteri has the best effect in reducing the DAI; L. acidophilus has the best effect in reducing the HIS index and increasing the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1; and L. coryniformis has the best effect in reducing the content of serum pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α. It indicated that probiotics can improve ulcerative colitis by improving histopathological manifestations, reducing inflammatory reaction, and repairing the mucosal barrier, and different probiotics showed different effects. However, considering the limitations of this study, preclinical studies that require more large samples and high-quality and more reliable and rigorous experimental designs and reports need to be conducted in the future. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#record details, identifier CRD42022383383.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Jin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huangping Ai
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingqing Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuncai Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Zuo
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Caetano MAF, Castelucci P. Role of short chain fatty acids in gut health and possible therapeutic approaches in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:9985-10003. [PMID: 36246826 PMCID: PMC9561599 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i28.9985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and include Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease. These diseases are costly to health services, substantially reduce patients’ quality of life, and can lead to complications such as cancer and even death. Symptoms include abdominal pain, stool bleeding, diarrhea, and weight loss. The treatment of these diseases is symptomatic, seeking disease remission. The intestine is colonized by several microorganisms, such as fungi, viruses, and bacteria, which constitute the intestinal microbiota (IM). IM bacteria promotes dietary fibers fermentation and produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that exert several beneficial effects on intestinal health. SCFAs can bind to G protein-coupled receptors, such as GPR41 and GPR43, promoting improvements in the intestinal barrier, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Thus, SCFAs could be a therapeutic tool for IBDs. However, the mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects of SCFAs remain poorly understood. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a review addressing the main aspects of IBDs, and a more detailed sight of SCFAs, focusing on the main effects on different aspects of the intestine with an emphasis on IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia Castelucci
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508900, SP, Brazil
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Khan A, Khan A, Shal B, Aziz A, Ahmad S, Amin MU, Ahmed MN, Zia-Ur-Rehman, Khan S. Ameliorative effect of two structurally divergent hydrazide derivatives against DSS-induced colitis by targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling in mice. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1167-1188. [PMID: 35851927 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The environmental factors and genetic vulnerability trigger the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Furthermore, the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the aggravation of the IBDs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of N-(benzylidene)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (NCHDH and NTHDH) compounds against the DSS-induced colitis in mice. The colitis was induced by 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) dissolved in normal saline for 5 days. The effect of the NCHDH and NTHDH on the behavioral, biochemical, histological, and immunohistological parameters was assessed. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment improved the behavioral parameters such as food intake, disease activity index, and diarrhea score significantly compared to DSS control. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatments significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes, whereas oxidative stress markers were markedly reduced. Similarly, the NCHDH and NTHDH treatments significantly suppressed the activity of nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO). The histological studies showed a significant reduction in inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis in the NCHDH- and NTHDH-treated groups. The immunohistochemical results demonstrated that NCHDH and NTHDH treatments markedly increase the expression level of Nrf2, HO-1 (hemeoxygenase-1), TRX (thioredoxin reductase), and IκB compared to the DSS-induced group. In the same way, the NCHDH and NTHDH significantly reduced the NF-κB and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) expression levels. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly improved the symptoms associated with colitis via inducing antioxidants and attenuating oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Amin
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Savigamin C, Samuthpongtorn C, Mahakit N, Nopsopon T, Heath J, Pongpirul K. Probiotic as a Potential Gut Microbiome Modifier for Stroke Treatment: A Systematic Scoping Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173661. [PMID: 36079918 PMCID: PMC9460291 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments for stroke are essential but can be costly or harmful, whereas probiotics are a promising alternative. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the in vitro and in vivo evidence of probiotics on stroke-related neurological, biochemical, and histochemical outcomes. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) up to 7 May 2021. Titles and abstracts were screened and assessed by two independent reviewers. The initial screening criteria aimed to include studies using probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics both in vitro and in vivo for the prevention and/or treatment of stroke. RESULTS Of 6293 articles, 4990 passed the initial screen after excluding duplication articles, of which 36 theme-related full texts were assessed and 13 were included in this review. No in vitro studies passed the criteria to be included in this review. Probiotics can ameliorate neurological deficits and show their anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative properties. Decreased loss of cerebral volume and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis were revealed in histopathological evidence. CONCLUSIONS There are potential cognitive benefits of probiotic supplementation, especially among animal models, on decreasing cerebral volume, increasing neurological score, and decreasing the inflammatory response. However, further investigation is needed to validate these conclusions in various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatuthanai Savigamin
- Department of Parasitology, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatpol Samuthpongtorn
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Global Health, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuttida Mahakit
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Global Health, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanawin Nopsopon
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Global Health, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Heath
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, School of Global Health, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Clinical Research Center, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Wang H, Fan C, Zhao Z, Zhai Z, Hao Y. Anti-inflammatory effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 on DSS-induced colitis in mice. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2063-2073. [PMID: 35737740 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 per group). Each group was administered with PBS (Control and DSS group) or B. lactis A6 with a dosage of ~4.0 × 109 CFU day-1 (DSS + A6 group) for 21 consecutive days. The DSS and DSS + A6 group mice were ad libitum drinking 2.5% DSS water during day 15-21, while the Control group mice were given normal water. The administration of B. lactis A6 significantly inhibited DSS-induced bodyweight loss and colon shortening (p < 0.001), but showed no significant influence on the spleen enlargement (p > 0.05). The intestinal barrier integrity was improved by reducing colonic damage, recovering mucus layer loss and enhancing tight junction expression including ZO-1, occludin and claudin-1. In addition, B. lactis A6 attenuated the oxidative stress by decreasing MDA and increasing SOD and GSH levels in colon tissues. Moreover, B. lactis A6 suppressed DSS-induced inflammatory responses via downregulating TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels and upregulating IL-10 level in colon tissues. CONCLUSION B. lactis A6 effectively alleviated DSS-induced colitis by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory responses. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study suggests that B. lactis A6 could act as a candidate probiotic for UC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengfei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoer Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyuan Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Bile Salt Hydrolase-Competent Probiotics in the Management of IBD: Unlocking the "Bile Acid Code". Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153212. [PMID: 35956388 PMCID: PMC9370712 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) species and the gut microbiota (GM) contribute to intestinal mucosa homeostasis. BAs shape the GM and, conversely, intestinal bacteria with bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity modulate the BA pool composition. The mutual interaction between BAs and intestinal microorganisms also influences mucosal barrier integrity, which is important for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. High levels of secondary BAs are detrimental for the intestinal barrier and increase the intestinal inflammatory response and dysbiosis. Additionally, a lack of BSH-active bacteria plays a role in intestinal inflammation and BA dysmetabolism. Thus, BSH-competent bacteria in probiotic formulations are being actively studied in IBD. At the same time, studies exploring the modulation of the master regulator of BA homeostasis, the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in intestinal inflammation and how this impacts the GM are gaining significant momentum. Overall, the choice of probiotic supplementation should be a peculiar issue of personalized medicine, considering not only the disease but also the specific BA and metabolic signatures of a given patient.
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Zhou LY, Xie Y, Li Y. Bifidobacterium infantis regulates the programmed cell death 1 pathway and immune response in mice with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3164-3176. [PMID: 36051332 PMCID: PMC9331522 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by an abnormal immune response. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is an immunostimulatory molecule, which interacts with PD ligand (PD-L1) playing a prime important role among autoimmune diseases. Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis) can promote the differentiation of CD (cluster of differentiation) 4+ T cells into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs participate in the development of IBD and may be related to disease activity. B. infantis amplify the expression level of PD-1, PD-L1 and Tregs’ nuclear transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3). But the mechanism of B. infantis on PD-1/PD-L1 signaling remains unclear.
AIM To explore the mechanism of B. infantis regulating the immune response in IBD.
METHODS Forty-eight-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: The control group, dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model group, DSS + B. infantis group, DSS + B. infantis + anti-PD-L1 group, and DSS + anti-PD-L1 group. The control group mice were given drinking water freely, the other four groups were given drinking water containing 5% DSS freely. The control group, DSS model group, and DSS + anti-PD-L1 group were given normal saline (NS) 400 μL daily by gastric lavage, and the DSS + B. infantis group and DSS + B. infantis + anti-PD-L1 group were given NS and 1 × 109 colony-forming unit of B. infantis daily by gastric lavage. The DSS + B. infantis + anti-PD-L1 group and DSS + anti-PD-L1 group were given 200 μg of PD-L1 blocker intraperitoneally at days 0, 3, 5, and 7; the control group, DSS + anti-PD-L1 group, and DSS + B. infantis group were given an intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Changes in PD-L1, PD-1, Foxp3, interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) 1 protein and gene expression were observed. Flow cytometry was used to observe changes in CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ cell numbers in the blood and spleen.
RESULTS Compared to the control group, the expression of PD-1, Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-β1 was significantly decreased in the intestinal tract of the DSS mice (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the proportion of CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ cells in spleen and blood of DSS group was visibly katabatic (P < 0.05). B. infantis upgraded the express of PD-L1, PD-1, Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-β1 (P < 0.05) and increased the proportion of CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ cells both in spleen and blood (P < 0.05). After blocking PD-L1, the increase in Foxp3, IL-10, and TGF-β1 protein and gene by B. infantis was inhibited (P < 0.05), and the proliferation of CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ cells in the spleen and blood was also inhibited (P < 0.05). After blocking PD-L1, the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of PD-1 were invariant.
CONCLUSION It is potential that B. infantis boost the proliferation of CD4+, CD25+, Foxp3+ T cells in both spleen and blood, as well as the expression of Foxp3 in the intestinal tract by activating the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Geng J, Sui Z, Dou W, Miao Y, Wang T, Wei X, Chen S, Zhang Z, Xiao J, Huang D. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Reveals Specific Gut Microbes Common to Medicinal Insects. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:892767. [PMID: 35651499 PMCID: PMC9149300 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects have a long history of being used in medicine, with clear primary and secondary functions and less side effects, and the study and exploitation of medicinal insects have received increasing attention. Insects gut microbiota and their metabolites play an important role in protecting the hosts from other potentially harmful microbes, providing nutrients, promoting digestion and degradation, and regulating growth and metabolism of the hosts. However, there are still few studies linking the medicinal values of insects with their gut microbes. In this study, we focused on the specific gut microbiota common to medicinal insects, hoping to trace the potential connection between medicinal values and gut microbes of medicinal insects. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, we compared the gut microbiota of medicinal insects [Periplaneta americana, Protaetia (Liocola) brevitarsis (Lewis) and Musca domestica], in their medicinal stages, and non-medicinal insects (Hermetia illucens L., Tenebrio molitor, and Drosophila melanogaster), and found that the intestinal microbial richness of medicinal insects was higher, and there were significant differences in the microbial community structure between the two groups. We established a model using a random-forest method to preliminarily screen out several types of gut microbiota common to medicinal insects that may play medicinal values: Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Lactobacillus dextrinicus, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis), and Vagococcus carniphilus. In particular, P. goldsteinii and B. infantis were most probably involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of medicinal insects. Our results revealed an association between medicinal insects and their gut microbes, providing new development directions and possibly potential tools for utilizing microbes to enhance the medicinal efficacy of medicinal insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Geng
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoxiao Sui
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihao Dou
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunheng Miao
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xunfan Wei
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sicong Chen
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zongqi Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dawei Huang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Kaliannan K, Donnell SO, Murphy K, Stanton C, Kang C, Wang B, Li XY, Bhan AK, Kang JX. Decreased Tissue Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Prevents Chemotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity Associated with Alterations of Gut Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105332. [PMID: 35628140 PMCID: PMC9140600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal toxicity (GIT) is a debilitating side effect of Irinotecan (CPT-11) and limits its clinical utility. Gut dysbiosis has been shown to mediate this side effect of CPT-11 by increasing gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUSB) activity and impairing the intestinal mucosal barrier (IMB). We have recently shown the opposing effects of omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the gut microbiome. We hypothesized that elevated levels of tissue n-3 PUFA with a decreased n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio would reduce CPT-11-induced GIT and associated changes in the gut microbiome. Using a unique transgenic mouse (FAT-1) model combined with dietary supplementation experiments, we demonstrate that an elevated tissue n-3 PUFA status with a decreased n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio significantly reduces CPT-11-induced weight loss, bloody diarrhea, gut pathological changes, and mortality. Gut microbiome analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and QIIME2 revealed that improvements in GIT were associated with the reduction in the CPT-11-induced increase in both GUSB-producing bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae) and GUSB enzyme activity, decrease in IMB-maintaining bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium), IMB dysfunction and systemic endotoxemia. These results uncover a host–microbiome interaction approach to the management of drug-induced gut toxicity. The prevention of CPT-11-induced gut microbiome changes by decreasing the tissue n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio could be a novel strategy to prevent chemotherapy-induced GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanakaraju Kaliannan
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (K.K.); (B.W.); (X.-Y.L.)
| | - Shane O. Donnell
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (S.O.D.); (C.S.)
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Kiera Murphy
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Catherine Stanton
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland; (S.O.D.); (C.S.)
- Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Chao Kang
- Department of Nutrition, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu 610000, China;
| | - Bin Wang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (K.K.); (B.W.); (X.-Y.L.)
| | - Xiang-Yong Li
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (K.K.); (B.W.); (X.-Y.L.)
| | - Atul K. Bhan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA; (K.K.); (B.W.); (X.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(617)-726-8509; Fax: +1-(617)-726-6144
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Abstract
Several products consist of probiotics that are available in markets, and their potential uses are growing day by day, mainly because some strains of probiotics promote the health of gut microbiota, especially Furmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and may prevent certain gastrointestinal tract (GIT) problems. Some common diseases are inversely linked with the consumption of probiotics, i.e., obesity, type 2 diabetes, autism, osteoporosis, and some immunological disorders, for which the disease progression gets delayed. In addition to disease mitigating properties, these microbes also improve oral, nutritional, and intestinal health, followed by a robust defensive mechanism against particular gut pathogens, specifically by antimicrobial substances and peptides producing probiotics (AMPs). All these positive attributes of probiotics depend upon the type of microbial strains dispensed. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacteria are the most common microbes used, but many other microbes are available, and their use depends upon origin and health-promoting properties. This review article focuses on the most common probiotics, their health benefits, and the alleviating mechanisms against chronic kidney diseases (CKD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and obesity.
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15
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Sun P, Su L, Zhu H, Li X, Guo Y, Du X, Zhang L, Qin C. Gut Microbiota Regulation and Their Implication in the Development of Neurodegenerative Disease. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112281. [PMID: 34835406 PMCID: PMC8621510 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, human gut microbiota have become one of the most promising areas of microorganism research; meanwhile, the inter-relation between the gut microbiota and various human diseases is a primary focus. As is demonstrated by the accumulating evidence, the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system interact through the gut–brain axis, which includes neuronal, immune-mediated and metabolite-mediated pathways. Additionally, recent progress from both preclinical and clinical studies indicated that gut microbiota play a pivotal role in gut–brain interactions, whereas the imbalance of the gut microbiota composition may be associated with the pathogenesis of neurological diseases (particularly neurodegenerative diseases), the underlying mechanism of which is insufficiently studied. This review aims to highlight the relationship between gut microbiota and neurodegenerative diseases, and to contribute to our understanding of the function of gut microbiota in neurodegeneration, as well as their relevant mechanisms. Furthermore, we also discuss the current application and future prospects of microbiota-associated therapy, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), potentially shedding new light on the research of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; (P.S.); (L.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (X.D.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Lei Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; (P.S.); (L.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (X.D.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; (P.S.); (L.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (X.D.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xue Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; (P.S.); (L.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (X.D.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yaxi Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; (P.S.); (L.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (X.D.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiaopeng Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; (P.S.); (L.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (X.D.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; (P.S.); (L.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (X.D.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; (P.S.); (L.S.); (H.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.G.); (X.D.); (L.Z.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8777-8141
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16
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Kameli N, Becker HEF, Welbers T, Jonkers DMAE, Penders J, Savelkoul P, Stassen FR. Metagenomic Profiling of Fecal-Derived Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Crohn's Disease Patients. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102795. [PMID: 34685776 PMCID: PMC8535131 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, many studies suggested a crucial role for dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the etiology of Crohn's disease (CD). However, despite being important players in host-bacteria interaction, the role of bacterial membrane vesicles (MV) has been largely overlooked in the pathogenesis of CD. In this study, we addressed the composition of the bacterial and MV composition in fecal samples of CD patients and compared this to the composition in healthy individuals. METHODS Fecal samples from six healthy subjects (HC) in addition to twelve CD patients (six active, six remission) were analyzed in this study. Fecal bacterial membrane vesicles (fMVs) were isolated by a combination of ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography. DNA was obtained from the fMV fraction, the pellet of dissolved feces as bacterial DNA (bDNA), or directly from feces as fecal DNA (fDNA). The fMVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and cryo-electron microscopy. Amplicon sequencing of 16s rRNA V4 hypervariable gene regions was conducted to assess microbial composition of all fractions. RESULTS Beta-diversity analysis showed that the microbial community structure of the fMVs was significantly different from the microbial profiles of the fDNA and bDNA. However, no differences were observed in microbial composition between fDNA and bDNA. The microbial richness of fMVs was significantly decreased in CD patients compared to HC, and even lower in active patients. Profiling of fDNA and bDNA demonstrated that Firmicutes was the most dominant phylum in these fractions, while in fMVs Bacteroidetes was dominant. In fMV, several families and genera belonging to Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were significantly altered in CD patients when compared to HC. CONCLUSION The microbial alterations of MVs in CD patients particularly in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria suggest a possible role of MVs in host-microbe symbiosis and induction or progression of inflammation in CD pathogenesis. Yet, the exact role for these fMV in the pathogenesis of the disease needs to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Kameli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (F.R.S.)
| | - Heike E. F. Becker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, NUTRIM school of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Tessa Welbers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
| | - Daisy M. A. E. Jonkers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, NUTRIM school of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - John Penders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Caphri School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank R. Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (H.E.F.B.); (T.W.); (J.P.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (F.R.S.)
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Su L, Su Y, An Z, Zhang P, Yue Q, Zhao C, Sun X, Zhang S, Liu X, Li K, Zhao L. Fermentation products of Danshen relieved dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16210. [PMID: 34376708 PMCID: PMC8355158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increased incidence and recognition, ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global public health problem in the world. Although many immunosuppressant and biological drugs have been used for UC treatment, the cure rate is still very low. It is necessary to find some safe and long-term used medicine for UC cure. Recently, the Chinese traditional herb Danshen has been investigated in the treatment of UC. However, it is a limitation of Danshen that many of the active components in Danshen are not easily absorbed by the human body. Probiotics could convert macromolecules into smaller molecules to facilitate absorption. Thus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (F-B4-1) and Bacillus subtillis Natto (F-A7-1) were screened to ferment Danshen in this study. The fermented Danshen products were gavaged in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model mice. Danshen had better results to attenuate symptoms of DSS-induced UC after fermented with F-B4-1 and F-A7-1. Loss of body weight and disease activity index (DAI) were reduced. The abnormally short colon lengths and colonic damage were recovered. And fermented Danshen had the better inhibitory effect than Danshen itself on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression during DSS-induced UC. The results indicated that compared with Danshen, fermented Danshen relieved DSS-induced UC in mice more effectively. Danshen fermented by probiotics might be an effective treatment to UC in clinic stage in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zaiyong An
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research and Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China.
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Yahfoufi N, Alsadi N, Mallet JF, Kulshreshtha G, Hincke M, Ismail N, Matar C. Immunomodulation and Intestinal Morpho-Functional Aspects of a Novel Gram-Negative Bacterium Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:569119. [PMID: 34239502 PMCID: PMC8258396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.569119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel bacterium (Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis) isolated from the microbiota of wild blueberry fruit was investigated for its immunomodulation capabilities and intestinal morpho-functional aspects. The whole-genome shotgun sequencing of this bacterium led to its new taxonomy and showed absence of pathogenicity genes. Although the bacterium was used for blueberry-fermentation and enhancing its anti-inflammatory effects on neurodegeneration, diabetes, and cancer, no study has assessed the effect of the bacterium on health. In this study, we used several in vitro and in vivo assays to evaluate the interaction of R. badensis subsp. acadiensis with the intestinal mucosa and its impact on the localized immune response. The strain antibiotic susceptibility has been investigated as well as its tolerance to gastric and intestinal environment and ability to attach to human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 and HT-29). In addition, Balb/c mice were used to explore the immune-modulatory characteristics of the live bacterium at the intestinal level and its impact on the morpho-functional aspects of the intestinal mucosa. In vitro assays revealed the ability of R. badensis subsp. acadiensis to survive the gastric and intestinal simulated conditions and to satisfactorily adhere to the human intestinal epithelial cells. The bacterium was shown to be sensitive to an array of antibiotics. Immuno-modulation studies with mice orally administered with R. badensis subsp. acadiensis showed a higher number of IgA positive cells in the small intestine, a higher concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the intestinal mucosa, as well as an increase in the number of goblet cells. The anti-inflammatory cytokine miR146a was found to be increased in the ileum and brain. Furthermore, it increases the number of goblet cells which contribute to intestinal barrier integrity. Taken together, our findings reflect the ability of the tested bacterium to modulates the intestinal homeostasis and immune response. Detailed safety unpublished studies and genome data support our finding. The strain Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis has been filed in a provisional patent; a U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/916,921 entitled "Probiotics Composition and Methods." Future studies are still needed to validate the potential utilization of this strain as functional food and its potential probiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Yahfoufi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nawal Alsadi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Francois Mallet
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Garima Kulshreshtha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maxwell Hincke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Innovation in Medical education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chantal Matar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Carvalho PLA, Andrade MER, Trindade LM, Leocádio PCL, Alvarez-Leite JI, Dos Reis DC, Cassali GD, Souza E Melo ÉLDS, Dos Santos Martins F, Fernandes SOA, Gouveia Peluzio MDC, Generoso SDV, Cardoso VN. Prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation using fructo-oligosaccharide improves the intestinal homeostasis after mucositis induced by 5- fluorouracil. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111012. [PMID: 33254017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of prebiotic, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), in intestinal inflammation have been demonstrated in several studies. Herein, we evaluate whether joint treatment with FOS, both before and during mucositis, had additional beneficial effects and investigated the mechanisms underlying in the action of FOS on the intestinal barrier. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: CTR (without mucositis + saline solution), FOS (without mucositis + 6 % FOS), MUC (mucositis + saline solution), PT (mucositis + 6 % FOS supplementation before disease induction), and TT (mucositis + 6 % FOS supplementation before and during disease induction). Mucositis was induced by intraperitoneal injection (300 mg/kg) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). After 72 h, the animals were euthanized and intestinal permeability (IP), tight junction, bacterial translocation (BT), histology and morphometry, and immunoglobulin A secretory (sIgA), inflammatory infiltrate, and production of short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate and propionate) were evaluated. The MUC group showed an increase in the IP, BT, and inflammatory infiltrate but a decrease in the tight junction expression and butyrate and propionate levels (P < 0.05). In the PT and TT groups, FOS supplementation maintained the IP, tight junction expression, and propionate concentration within physiologic levels, increased butyrate levels, and reduced BT and inflammatory infiltrate (P < 0.05). Total treatment with FOS (TT group) was more effective in maintaining histological score, morphometric parameters, and sIgA production. Thus, total treatment (prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation) with FOS was more effective than pretreatment alone, in reducing 5-FU-induced damage to the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Lopes Armond Carvalho
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Emília Rabelo Andrade
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luísa Martins Trindade
- Departamento de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Diego Carlos Dos Reis
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Geovanni Dantas Cassali
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Investigations on Metabolic Changes in Beagle Dogs Fed Probiotic Queso Blanco Cheese and Identification of Candidate Probiotic Fecal Biomarkers Using Metabolomics Approaches. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080305. [PMID: 32722505 PMCID: PMC7464839 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of probiotic cheese improves the intestinal health of humans and animals. However, metabolic changes in the intestines of dogs in response to the ingestion of probiotic cheese have not been evaluated. Thus, we aimed to determine the metabolic changes in healthy beagle dogs fed queso blanco cheese with added Lactobacillus reuteri KACC 92293 and Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 (QCLB) and to identify potential fecal biomarkers to distinguish the metabolic changes based on intake of probiotic cheese through metabolomics approaches. The dogs were randomly divided into three groups and fed a regular diet without any cheese (control), a diet with queso blanco cheese (QC), or one with QCLB for eight weeks. The concentrations of acetic, propionic, and 4-aminobutyric acids were increased in the QCLB group compared to those in the control group. Additionally, higher levels of propionic acid and lower levels of xylose were found in the QCLB group compared to those in the QC group. This is the first report on the identification of metabolic changes in beagle dogs fed queso blanco cheese with added L. reuteri KACC 92293 and B. longum KACC 91563. We also found that metabolomics approaches can be useful for identifying potential fecal markers in dogs fed probiotic cheese.
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Jakubczyk D, Leszczyńska K, Górska S. The Effectiveness of Probiotics in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)-A Critical Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071973. [PMID: 32630805 PMCID: PMC7400428 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which affects millions of people worldwide, includes two separate diseases: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the background (chronic inflammatory state) and some of the symptoms of CD and UC are similar, both diseases differ from each other. It is becoming clear that a combination of many factors, in particular genetic background, host immune response and microbial reduced diversity status are associated with IBD. One potential strategy to prevent/treat IBD is gut modulation by probiotics. Over the last twenty years, many publications have focused on the role of probiotics in the course of IBD. The review discusses the utility of different strains of probiotics, especially Bifidobacterium spp., in all factors potentially involved in the etiology of IBD. The probiotic modulatory properties among different study models (cell lines, animal models of colitis, clinical study) are discussed and probiotic usefulness is assessed in relation to the treatment, prevention, and remission of diseases.
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Treatment with selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 partially ameliorates mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:117-126. [PMID: 31079219 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastrointestinal mucositis is a major problem associated with cancer therapy. To minimize these deleterious effects, simultaneous administration of antioxidant components, such as selenium, can be considered. There is a growing interest in the use of yeasts because they are able to convert inorganic selenium into selenomethionine. In the present study, oral administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMG A-905 enriched with selenium was evaluated as an alternative in minimizing the side effects of 5FU-induced mucositis in mice. METHODS Mice body weight, food consumption, faeces consistency and the presence of blood in faeces were assessed daily during experimental mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5FU). Blood was used for intestinal permeability determination, and small intestine for oxidative stress, immunological and histopathological examination. RESULTS The increased intestinal permeability observed with mucositis induction was partially reverted by S. cerevisiae and selenium-enriched yeast. Both treatments were able to reduce myeloperoxidase activity, but only selenium-enriched yeast reduced eosinophil peroxidase activity. CXCL1/KC levels, histopathological tissue damage and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and nitrite production) in the small intestine were reduced by both treatments; however, this reduction was always higher when treatment with selenium-enriched yeast was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study showed that the oral administration of S. cerevisiae UFMG A-905 protected mice against mucositis induced by 5-FU, and that this effect was potentiated when the yeast was enriched with selenium.
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Tian P, Zou R, Song L, Zhang X, Jiang B, Wang G, Lee YK, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Ingestion of Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis strain CCFM687 regulated emotional behavior and the central BDNF pathway in chronic stress-induced depressive mice through reshaping the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2019; 10:7588-7598. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01630a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics which enhance the biosynthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine in enterochromaffin cells could alleviate depression symptoms through regulating the CREB-BDNF pathway in the brain.
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Arginine supplementation reduces colonic injury, inflammation and oxidative stress of DSS-induced colitis in mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Trindade L, Martins V, Rodrigues N, Souza E, Martins F, Costa G, Almeida-Leite C, Faria A, Cardoso V, Maioli T, Generoso S. Oral administration of Simbioflora® (synbiotic) attenuates intestinal damage in a mouse model of 5-fluorouracil-induced mucositis. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:477-486. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of probiotics to prevent or treat mucosal inflammation has been studied; however, the combined effect of probiotics and prebiotics is unclear. The aim of this study was to test whether oral administration of a synbiotic (Simbioflora®) preparation containing Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis plus fructooligosaccharide could help control mucosal inflammation in experimental mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: control (CTL), control + prebiotic (CTL+P), control + synbiotic (CTL+S), mucositis (MUC), mucositis + prebiotic (MUC+P), and mucositis + synbiotic (MUC+S). Mice from the CTL+S, MUC+S, CTL+P, and MUC+P groups received synbiotic or prebiotic daily by oral gavage for 13 days. Mice in the CTL and MUC groups received the same volume of saline. On day 11, mice in the MUC, MUC+P, and MUC+S groups received an intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg 5-FU to induce mucositis. After 72 h, all mice were euthanised. Intestinal permeability, intestinal histology, and biochemical parameters were analysed. Group MUC showed a greater weight loss and increased intestinal permeability (0.020 counts per min [cpm]/g) compared to the CTL group (0.01 cpm/g) P<0.05. Both treatments attenuated weight loss compared to the MUC group. Nonetheless, the synbiotic caused a greater reduction in intestinal permeability (0.012 cpm/g) compared to the MUC (0.020 cpm/g) and MUC+P (0.016 cpm/g) groups P<0.05. Mice in groups MUC+P and MUC+S displayed significant recovery of lesions and maintenance of the mucus layer. There were no differences in the short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the faeces between the MUC and CTL groups (P>0.05). Increased acetate and propionate concentrations were evidenced in the faeces of the MUC+P and MUC+S groups. Only the synbiotic treatment increased the butyrate concentration (P<0.05). The results indicate that administration of synbiotic can decrease mucosal damage caused by mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.M. Trindade
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - V.D. Martins
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - N.M. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - E.L.S. Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - F.S. Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - G.M.F. Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - C.M. Almeida-Leite
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - A.M.C. Faria
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - V.N. Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - T.U. Maioli
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
| | - S.V. Generoso
- Departamento de Nutrição, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-100, Brazil
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Yahfoufi N, Mallet JF, Graham E, Matar C. Role of probiotics and prebiotics in immunomodulation. Curr Opin Food Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Protease-Mediated Suppression of DRG Neuron Excitability by Commensal Bacteria. J Neurosci 2017; 37:11758-11768. [PMID: 29089436 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1672-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral pain signaling reflects a balance of pronociceptive and antinociceptive influences; the contribution by the gastrointestinal microbiota to this balance has received little attention. Disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, are associated with exaggerated visceral nociceptive actions that may involve altered microbial signaling, particularly given the evidence for bacterial dysbiosis. Thus, we tested whether a community of commensal gastrointestinal bacteria derived from a healthy human donor (microbial ecosystem therapeutics; MET-1) can affect the excitability of male mouse DRG neurons. MET-1 reduced the excitability of DRG neurons by significantly increasing rheobase, decreasing responses to capsaicin (2 μm) and reducing action potential discharge from colonic afferent nerves. The increase in rheobase was accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of voltage-gated K+ currents. A mixture of bacterial protease inhibitors abrogated the effect of MET-1 effects on DRG neuron rheobase. A serine protease inhibitor but not inhibitors of cysteine proteases, acid proteases, metalloproteases, or aminopeptidases abolished the effects of MET-1. The serine protease cathepsin G recapitulated the effects of MET-1 on DRG neurons. Inhibition of protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR-4), but not PAR-2, blocked the effects of MET-1. Furthermore, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii recapitulated the effects of MET-1 on excitability of DRG neurons. We conclude that serine proteases derived from commensal bacteria can directly impact the excitability of DRG neurons, through PAR-4 activation. The ability of microbiota-neuronal interactions to modulate afferent signaling suggests that therapies that induce or correct microbial dysbiosis may impact visceral pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Commercially available probiotics have the potential to modify visceral pain. Here we show that secretory products from gastrointestinal microbiota derived from a human donor signal to DRG neurons. Their secretory products contain serine proteases that suppress excitability via activation of protease-activated receptor-4. Moreover, from this community of commensal microbes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii strain 16-6-I 40 fastidious anaerobe agar had the greatest effect. Our study suggests that therapies that induce or correct microbial dysbiosis may affect the excitability of primary afferent neurons, many of which are nociceptive. Furthermore, identification of the bacterial strains capable of suppressing sensory neuron excitability, and their mechanisms of action, may allow therapeutic relief for patients with gastrointestinal diseases associated with pain.
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Llewellyn A, Foey A. Probiotic Modulation of Innate Cell Pathogen Sensing and Signaling Events. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1156. [PMID: 29065562 PMCID: PMC5691772 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence documenting probiotic bacteria to have a beneficial effect to the host through their ability to modulate the mucosal immune system. Many probiotic bacteria can be considered to act as either immune activators or immune suppressors, which have appreciable influence on homeostasis, inflammatory- and suppressive-immunopathology. What is becoming apparent is the ability of these probiotics to modulate innate immune responses via direct or indirect effects on the signaling pathways that drive these activatory or suppressive/tolerogenic mechanisms. This review will focus on the immunomodulatory role of probiotics on signaling pathways in innate immune cells: from positive to negative regulation associated with innate immune cells driving gut mucosal functionality. Research investigations have shown probiotics to modulate innate functionality in many ways including, receptor antagonism, receptor expression, binding to and expression of adaptor proteins, expression of negative regulatory signal molecules, induction of micro-RNAs, endotoxin tolerisation and finally, the secretion of immunomodulatory proteins, lipids and metabolites. The detailed understanding of the immunomodulatory signaling effects of probiotic strains will facilitate strain-specific selective manipulation of innate cell signal mechanisms in the modulation of mucosal adjuvanticity, immune deviation and tolerisation in both healthy subjects and patients with inflammatory and suppressive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Llewellyn
- School of Biomedical & Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
- Menzies School of Health Research, John Mathews Building (Building 58), Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, PO Box 41096, Casuarina NT0811, Australia.
| | - Andrew Foey
- School of Biomedical & Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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Benítez-Páez A, Moreno FJ, Sanz ML, Sanz Y. Genome Structure of the Symbiont Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 and Gene Expression Profiling in Response to Lactulose-Derived Oligosaccharides. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:624. [PMID: 27199952 PMCID: PMC4850155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 was isolated from stools of a breast-fed infant. Although, this strain is generally considered an adult-type bifidobacterial species, it has also been shown to have pre-clinical efficacy in obesity models. In order to understand the molecular basis of its adaptation to complex carbohydrates and improve its potential functionality, we have analyzed its genome and transcriptome, as well as its metabolic output when growing in galacto-oligosaccharides derived from lactulose (GOS-Lu) as carbon source. B. pseudocatenulatum CECT 7765 shows strain-specific genome regions, including a great diversity of sugar metabolic-related genes. A preliminary and exploratory transcriptome analysis suggests candidate over-expression of several genes coding for sugar transporters and permeases; furthermore, five out of seven beta-galactosidases identified in the genome could be activated in response to GOS-Lu exposure. Here, we also propose that a specific gene cluster is involved in controlling the import and hydrolysis of certain di- and tri-saccharides, which seemed to be those primarily taken-up by the bifidobacterial strain. This was discerned from mass spectrometry-based quantification of different saccharide fractions of culture supernatants. Our results confirm that the expression of genes involved in sugar transport and metabolism and in the synthesis of leucine, an amino acid with a key role in glucose and energy homeostasis, was up-regulated by GOS-Lu. This was done using qPCR in addition to the exploratory information derived from the single-replicated RNAseq approach, together with the functional annotation of genes predicted to be encoded in the B. pseudocatenulatum CETC 7765 genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Paterna, Spain
| | - F Javier Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC) Madrid, Spain
| | - María L Sanz
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health Research Group, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Paterna, Spain
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Souza ÉL, Elian SD, Paula LM, Garcia CC, Vieira AT, Teixeira MM, Arantes RM, Nicoli JR, Martins FS. Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 ameliorates experimental colitis by modulating intestinal permeability, the inflammatory response and clinical signs in a faecal transplantation model. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:201-210. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Éricka L. Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Samir D. Elian
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Laís M. Paula
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristiana C. Garcia
- Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de vírus Respiratórios e Sarampo, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Angélica T. Vieira
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosa M. Arantes
- Department of General Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques R. Nicoli
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S. Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Linares DM, Ross P, Stanton C. Beneficial Microbes: The pharmacy in the gut. Bioengineered 2016; 7:11-20. [PMID: 26709457 PMCID: PMC4878258 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1126015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The scientific evidence supporting the gut microbiome in relation to health maintenance and links with various disease states afflicting humans, from metabolic to mental health, has grown dramatically in the last few years. Strategies addressing the positive modulation of microbiome functionality associated with these disorders offer huge potential to the food and pharmaceutical industries to innovate and provide therapeutic solutions to many of the health issues affecting modern society. Such strategies may involve the use of probiotics and prebiotics as nutritional adjunct therapies. Probiotics are generally recognized to be a good form of therapy to keep harmful, intestinal microorganisms in check, aid digestion and nutrient absorption, and contribute to immune function. Probiotics are reported to improve microbial balance in the intestinal tract and promote the return to a baseline microbial community following a perturbing event (dysbiosis) such as antibiotic therapy. Prebiotics are selectively fermented ingredients that allow specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora, which confers benefits upon host well-being and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Linares
- a Food Biosciences Department , Teagasc Food Research Center , Moorepark, Fermoy , Cork , Ireland
- b APC, Microbiome Institute, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Paul Ross
- b APC, Microbiome Institute, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
- c Biosciences Institute, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- a Food Biosciences Department , Teagasc Food Research Center , Moorepark, Fermoy , Cork , Ireland
- b APC, Microbiome Institute, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
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Pedroso SHSP, Vieira AT, Bastos RW, Oliveira JS, Cartelle CT, Arantes RME, Soares PMG, Generoso SV, Cardoso VN, Teixeira MM, Nicoli JR, Martins FS. Evaluation of mucositis induced by irinotecan after microbial colonization in germ-free mice. Microbiology (Reading) 2015. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia H. S. P. Pedroso
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angélica T. Vieira
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael W. Bastos
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jamil S. Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Christiane T. Cartelle
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosa M. E. Arantes
- Department of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. G. Soares
- Department of Morphology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Simone V. Generoso
- Department of Basic Nursing, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valbert N. Cardoso
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jacques R. Nicoli
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S. Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Huang Y. Advances in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4150-4154. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i26.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of varied clinical manifestations, long duration and recurrence, and lack of diagnostic criteria, the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is very complicated. The treatment should be aimed at its diverse pathogenesis and be multimodal, including controlling active inflammation, regulating immune function, use of biological agents, and stem cell transplantation. Some cases even require surgical treatment.
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Di Stasi LC, Costa CA, Witaicenis A. Products for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: a patent review (2013 - 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:629-42. [PMID: 25944127 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1041921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and an unspecific IBD. The unclear etiology of IBD is a limiting factor that complicates the development of new pharmacological treatments and explains the high frequency of refractory patients to current drugs, including both conventional and biological therapies. In view of this, recent progress on the development of novel patented products to treat IBD was reviewed. AREAS COVERED Evaluation of the patent literature during the period 2013 - 2014 focused on chemical compounds, functional foods and biological therapy useful for the treatment of IBD. EXPERT OPINION Majority of the patents are not conclusive because they were based on data from unspecific methods not related to intestinal inflammation and, when related to IBD models, few biochemical and molecular evaluations that could be corroborating their use in human IBD were presented. On the other hand, methods and strategies using new formulations of conventional drugs, guanylyl cyclase C peptide agonists, compounds that influence anti-adhesion molecules, mAbs anti-type I interferons and anti-integrin, oligonucleotide antisense Smad7, growth factor neuregulin 4 and functional foods, particularly fermented wheat germ with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are promising products for use in the very near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C Di Stasi
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTech) , 18.618-000 - Botucatu, São Paulo , Brazil +55 14 3880 0216 ;
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