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Champati A, Bhanja SK, Rokade JJ, Nayak N, Yadav AS, Biswas A, Sharma D, Chakma J, Sky, Mishra J, Saha SK, Agrawal RK, Singh M. Evaluation of in-feed supplementation of formic acid and thymol as non-antibiotic growth promoters and assessing their effect on antimicrobial resistant E.coli isolated in Turkey. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1741-1754. [PMID: 38539029 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
With the rampant usage of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry sector, there has been alarming concerns of antimicrobial resistant microbes such as Escherichia coli. Diversification of poultry farming due to consumer demand for safer products with higher protein content, turkey production is gaining popularity. Feed additives such as formic acid (FA) and thymol (TH) are effectively replacing AGPs due to their antimicrobial action. This directed the researchers to find alternatives to antibiotics such as thymol and formic acid because of their strong antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, digestive-stimulating properties. To assess the efficacy of FA and TH as growth promoters and their effect on the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) load, the current study (0-12 weeks) was conducted in CARI VIRAT turkey poults (n = 256; unsexed) those were randomly distributed into eight treatment groups: control(T1), AGP (T2), graded levels of FA (T3 to T5) @ 2.5, 5 and 7.5 ml/kg and TH (T6 to T8) @ 120, 240 and 350 mg/kg. Cloacal swab samples were collected at 0, 4th, 8th and 12th week interval and processed further for isolation, identification and assessment of resistance profile of E. coli. The final body weight, cumulative gain and FCR were significantly (p < 0.05) better for birds under supplementation. The Total plate count (TPC) and coliforms showcased a significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the FA and TH supplement groups as compared to control and AGP group. The resistance profile indicated E. coli isolates from AGP group with significantly (p < 0.001) highest resistivity against antibiotics (viz. chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, chlortetracycline) while isolates from FA (T5) and TH (T8) groups were the least resistant. blaAmpC gene was significantly (p < 0.001) harbored in T2 isolates whereas least detected in T5 and T8. It was inferred that formic acid (7.5 ml/kg) and thymol (360 mg/kg) can effectively replace AGPs and lower AMR burden in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Champati
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhanja
- ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Regional Station, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India.
| | - Jaydip Jaywant Rokade
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Nibedita Nayak
- ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa, 403402, India
| | - Ajit Singh Yadav
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - Avishek Biswas
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250001, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Juli Chakma
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Sky
- ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Jyotiprabha Mishra
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Saha
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Ravi Kant Agrawal
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Mukesh Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Vassilina G, Sabitova A, Idrisheva Z, Zhumabekova A, Kanapiyeva F, Orynbassar R, Zhamanbayeva M, Kamalova M, Assilbayeva J, Turgumbayeva A, Abilkassymova A. Bio-active compounds and major biomedical properties of basil ( Ocimum basilicum, lamiaceae). Nat Prod Res 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38813679 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2357662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Due to the numerous health benefits and therapeutic properties, herbs and plant metabolites/extracts are gaining popularity. This is particularly evident in the current era of drug resistance and the adverse effects of chemical drugs. Ocimum basilicum, also known as basil, has been extensively studied for its pharmacological benefits, including antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and wound healing properties. As a result, this plant has the potential to treat a wide range of diseases in both humans and animals. Ocimum basilicum contains various bioactive chemical compounds, such as neryl acetate, 1,8-cineole, p-allylanisole, geraniol, methyl eugenol, methyl chavicol, and trans-α-bergamotene. The latest advancements in technology can be utilised to enhance the beneficial properties of raw Ocimum basilicum extract. This review compiles and presents the profile of phytocomponents and pharmacological properties of Ocimum basilicum. The findings presented here will contribute to further research on this remarkable herb, aiming to develop effective pharmaceutical solutions for various health issues in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzira Vassilina
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alfira Sabitova
- Department of Chemical Technology and Ecology, Shakarim University of Semey, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanat Idrisheva
- D. Serikbayev East, Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
| | - Arai Zhumabekova
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology, Faculty of Technology, Kazakh University of Technology and Business, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Fatima Kanapiyeva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Catalysis and Petrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Raigul Orynbassar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, K.Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan
| | - Manira Zhamanbayeva
- D. Serikbayev East, Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
| | - Manshuk Kamalova
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Jamilya Assilbayeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Astana Medical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Aknur Turgumbayeva
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Alima Abilkassymova
- School of Pharmacy, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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3
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Saini R, Kumar V, Patel CN, Sourirajan A, Dev K. Synergistic antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus emblica fruits and its phytocompounds with ampicillin: a computational and experimental study. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:857-871. [PMID: 37522914 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica L. (syn. Emblica officinalis), popularly known as amla, Indian gooseberry, or the King of Rasyana, is a member of Phyllanthaceae family and is traditionally used in Ayurveda as an immunity booster. The present study aimed to investigate the synergistic interaction of Phyllanthus emblica (FPE) fruits and its selected phytocompounds with ampicillin against selected bacteria. Further, an in silico technique was used to find if major phytocompounds of FPE could bind to proteins responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens and enhance the bioactivity of ampicillin. FPE and all the selected phytocompounds were found to have synergistic antibacterial activity with ampicillin against tested bacteria in different combinations. However, ellagic acid and quercetin interactions with ampicillin resulted in maximum bioactivity enhancement of 32-128 folds and 16-277 folds, respectively. In silico analysis revealed strong ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin binding with penicillin-binding protein (PBP-) 3, further supported by MD simulations. Ellagic acid and quercetin also fulfill Lipinski's rule, showing similar toxicity characteristics to ampicillin. FPE showed synergistic interaction with ampicillin, possibly due to the presence of phytocompounds such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and rutin. Molecular docking and MD simulations showed the strong interaction of ellagic acid and quercetin with PBP-3 protein. Therefore, these compounds can be explored as potential non-toxic drug candidates to combat bacterial antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshandha Saini
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan-173229 HP, Bajhol, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Chirag N Patel
- Department of Botany, Bioinformatics and Climate Change Impacts Management, University School of Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
- Biotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar, Abu Dhabi, 9639, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan-173229 HP, Bajhol, India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan-173229 HP, Bajhol, India.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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Zhakipbekov K, Turgumbayeva A, Akhelova S, Bekmuratova K, Blinova O, Utegenova G, Shertaeva K, Sadykov N, Tastambek K, Saginbazarova A, Urazgaliyev K, Tulegenova G, Zhalimova Z, Karasova Z. Antimicrobial and Other Pharmacological Properties of Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae. Molecules 2024; 29:388. [PMID: 38257301 PMCID: PMC10818432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, various scientists and doctors have utilized different herbs to heal diseases. Due to the rise in drug resistance and the negative effects of chemosynthetic drugs, researchers and the general public around the world have become more interested in medicinal herbs and plant metabolites/extracts. This is due to its non-toxicity and its several health benefits when used to treat diseases in clinical and medical settings. Ocimum basilicum is one such plant, possessing a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, steroids and glycosides, as well as complex pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing and antiviral properties. The results of many studies on Ocimum basilicum plant extracts are collected and presented in this review. The plant extracts have excellent potential to be used as medicinal raw materials, and exhibit an extensive variety of therapeutic capacities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kairat Zhakipbekov
- School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Aknur Turgumbayeva
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Sholpan Akhelova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (K.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Kymbat Bekmuratova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (K.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Olga Blinova
- Department of Organization and Management of Pharmaceutical Business, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160001, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (G.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Gulnara Utegenova
- Department of Organization and Management of Pharmaceutical Business, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160001, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (G.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Klara Shertaeva
- Department of Organization and Management of Pharmaceutical Business, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160001, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (G.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Nurlan Sadykov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (K.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Kuanysh Tastambek
- Department of Biotechnology, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan;
- Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan 161200, Kazakhstan
| | - Akzharkyn Saginbazarova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Medical University Named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan; (A.S.); (K.U.); (G.T.); (Z.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Kenzhebek Urazgaliyev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Medical University Named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan; (A.S.); (K.U.); (G.T.); (Z.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Gulbanu Tulegenova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Medical University Named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan; (A.S.); (K.U.); (G.T.); (Z.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zere Zhalimova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Medical University Named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan; (A.S.); (K.U.); (G.T.); (Z.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zhanylsyn Karasova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Medical University Named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan; (A.S.); (K.U.); (G.T.); (Z.Z.); (Z.K.)
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5
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Chalchissa G, Nurfeta A, Andualem D. Anti-nutrient contents and methane reduction potential of medicinal plants from maize stover based diet. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21630. [PMID: 38027602 PMCID: PMC10663861 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from Ethiopian agriculture are significantly increasing, with the largest share is from enteric fermentation and manure left on pasture. An investigation was conducted to evaluate the anti-nutrient composition and effect of commonly used medicinal plant extracts on enteric methane emission from fibrous feeds using maize stover as substrate feed. Total phenols, flavonoid, tannin and essential oil contents were analyzed using established standards. Effects of leaf extracts of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, three varieties of Cymbopogon citratus (Cymbopogon citratus-I, Cymbopogon citratus java and Cymbopogon citratus upper awash), Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa stenopetala, three varieties of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosmarinus officinalis I, Rosmarinus officinalis II and Rosmarinus officinalis III) and Thyme schimperi, seed of three Coriandrum sativum varieties (Coriandrum sativum Batu, Coriandrum sativum Tulu and Coriandrum sativum Waltai) and root of Echinops kebericho on total gas production, digestibility and methane production of maize stover were investigated at different doses using the standard procedures. The results indicated that leaf extracts of Acacia nilotica had the highest (P < 0.001) total phenolic and total tannin contents. Compared to other evaluated plant species, all varieties of Cymbopogon citratus had the highest (P < 0.001) flavonoid content. Significantly high (P < 0.001) essential oil content was observed in Rosmarinus officinalis II than other varieties of Rosmarinus officinalis and other plant species. Significant reduction (P < 0.001) of methane production was observed with extracts of Cymbopoon citratus java (22.5 % less methane than the control) and thyme schimperi (16.7 % less methane than the control) at dose of 50 mg/kg DM. There was also significant (P < 0.001) interaction effect between plant species and dose rates at 50 mg/kg DM for both plant species. It can be concluded that the use of 50 mg/kg DM of Cymbopoon citratus java and Thyme schimperi extract to maize stover reduced methane production without negatively affecting feed digestibility. Further studies are necessary to examine the storability of the extracts in different time durations and evaluate their effects in vivo with animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Chalchissa
- Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tulu Agricultural Research Center, Ziway, Ethiopia
- Hawassa University, School of Animal and Range Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Ajebu Nurfeta
- Hawassa University, School of Animal and Range Science, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Andualem
- College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Ali Khan M, El-Kersh DM, Islam MS, Ara Khan S, Kamli H, Sarkar C, Bhuia MS, Islam T, Chandra Shill M, Gobe GC, Sönmez Gürer E, Setzer WN, Sharifi-Rad J, Torequl Islam M. Mikania micrantha Kunth: An Ethnopharmacological Treasure Trove of Therapeutic Potential. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300392. [PMID: 37715705 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Mikania micrantha is utilized as a therapeutic for the treatment of various human ailments including insect bites, rashes and itches of skin, chicken pox, healing of sores and wounds, colds and fever, nausea, jaundice, rheumatism, and respiratory ailments. This study aimed at summarizing the traditional uses, phytochemical profile, and biological activities of M. micrantha based on obtainable information screened from different databases. An up-to-date search was performed on M. micrantha in PubMed, Science Direct, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases with specific keywords. No language restrictions were imposed. Published articles, theses, seminar/conference papers, abstracts, and books on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological evidence were considered. Based on the inclusion criteria, this study includes 53 published records from the above-mentioned databases. The results suggest that fresh leaves and whole plant are frequently used in folk medicine. The plant contains more than 150 different phytochemicals under the following groups: essential oils, phenolics and flavonoids, terpenes, terpene lactones, glycosides, and sulfated flavonoids. It contains carbohydrates and micronutrients including vitamins and major and trace minerals. M. micrantha possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-dermatophytic, anti-protozoal, anthelmintic, cytotoxic, anxiolytic, anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering and antidiabetic, spasmolytic, memory-enhancing, wound-healing, anti-aging, and thrombolytic activities. No clinical studies have been reported to date. M. micrantha might be one of the potential sources of phytotherapeutic compounds against diverse ailments in humans. Studies are required to confirm its safety profile in experimental animals prior to initiating clinical trials. Moreover, adequate investigation is also crucial to clarify exact mechanism of action for each biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muahmmad Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Dina M El-Kersh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), 11837, is missing, Egypt
| | - Md Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Shams Ara Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Hossam Kamli
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Tawhida Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas, Turkey
| | - William N Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT, 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
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Patil VS, Harish DR, Charla R, Vetrivel U, Jalalpure SS, Bhandare VV, Deshpande SH, Hegde HV, Roy S. Structural insights into modeling of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase and identification of its inhibitors from potential medicinal plants of Western Ghats: an in silico and in vitro study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37811543 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2264400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was proposed to model full-length HBV-RT and investigate the intermolecular interactions of known inhibitor and libraries of phytocompounds to probe the potential natural leads by in silico and in vitro studies. Homology modeling of RT was performed by Phyre2 and Modeller and virtual screening of ligands implemented through POAP pipeline. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation (100 ns) and MM-GBSA calculations were performed using Schrodinger Desmond and Prime, respectively. Phytocompounds probable host protein targets gene set pathway enrichment and network analysis were executed by KEGG database and Cytoscape software. Prioritized plant extracts/enriched fraction LC-MS analysis was performed and along with pure compound, RT inhibitory activity, time-dependent HBsAg and HBeAg secretion, and intracellular HBV DNA, and pgRNA by qRT-PCR was performed in HepG2.2.15 cell line. Among the screened chemical library of 268 phytocompounds from 18 medicinal plants, 15 molecules from Terminalia chebula (6), Bidens pilosa (5), and Centella asiatica (4)) were identified as potential inhibitors of YMDD and RT1 motif of HBV-RT. MD simulation demonstrated stable interactions of 15 phytocompounds with HBV-RT, of which 1,2,3,4,6-Pentagalloyl Glucose (PGG) was identified as lead molecule. Out of 15 compounds, 11 were predicted to modulate 39 proteins and 15 molecular pathways associated with HBV infection. TCN and TCW (500 µg/mL) showed potent RT inhibition, decreased intracellular HBV DNA, and pgRNA, and time-dependent inhibition of HBsAg and HBeAg levels compared to PGG and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. We propose that the identified lead molecules from T. chebula as promising and cost-effective moieties for the management of HBV infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal S Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rajitha Charla
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Umashankar Vetrivel
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishwambhar Vishnu Bhandare
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay H Deshpande
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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8
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Pastorelli G, Benamri R, Faustini M, De Bellis R, Serra V, Turin L, Haumont M, Durand P, Bianchessi L, Prost-Camus E, Pecqueur T, Prost M. Partial Replacement of Synthetic Vitamin E by Polyphenols in Post-Weaning Piglets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1752. [PMID: 37760055 PMCID: PMC10525264 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is an essential nutrient usually recommended in post-weaning piglets, when a decline in the serum vitamin E concentration is observed. Selected polyphenols have the potential to partially replace vitamin E in animal feed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the dietary inclusion of some commercial polyphenol products (PPs) on the growth performance, antioxidant status and immunity of post-weaning piglets. A total of 300 piglets (BW 7.18 kg ± 1.18) were randomly assigned to six dietary groups: CON- (40 mg/kg vitamin E); CON+(175.8 mg/kg vitamin E); and PP1, PP2, PP3 and PP4, in which 50% vitamin E of CON+ was replaced with PP with equivalent vitamin E activity. The PP1 group exhibited lower performance (p < 0.05) than the other dietary groups, but a similar performance to that commonly registered in pig farms. Dietary polyphenols did not influence the IgG concentration or the IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α cytokine concentrations. A lower IL-8 level was found in the PP4 group than in the other groups. The diets that affected the vitamin A content showed the highest value (p < 0.05) in the PP1 group, and a trend was noted for vitamin E with a higher content in PP4 and CON+. The polyphenols-enriched diets, especially the PP3 diet, maintained an antioxidant capacity (whole blood KRL) similar to the CON+ diet. In conclusion, the replacement of vitamin E with all PPs enables partial vitamin E substitution in post-weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Pastorelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.F.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Rachida Benamri
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, Cargill Incorporated, Wayzata, MN 55391, USA; (R.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Massimo Faustini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.F.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Roberta De Bellis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Valentina Serra
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.F.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Lauretta Turin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.F.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Marc Haumont
- Laboratoire Lara-Spiral, 3 rue des Mardors, 21560 Couternon, France; (M.H.); (P.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Philippe Durand
- Laboratoire Lara-Spiral, 3 rue des Mardors, 21560 Couternon, France; (M.H.); (P.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Laura Bianchessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.F.); (V.S.); (L.B.)
| | | | - Thomas Pecqueur
- Cargill Animal Nutrition, Cargill Incorporated, Wayzata, MN 55391, USA; (R.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Michel Prost
- Laboratoire Lara-Spiral, 3 rue des Mardors, 21560 Couternon, France; (M.H.); (P.D.); (M.P.)
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9
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Iwaka C, Azando EVB, Houehanou TD, Kora S, Idrissou Y, Olounlade PA, Hounzangbe-Adote SM. Ethnoveterinary survey of trypanocidal medicinal plants of the beninese pharmacopoeia in the management of bovine trypanosomosis in North Benin (West Africa). Heliyon 2023; 9:e17697. [PMID: 37496927 PMCID: PMC10366400 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle breeding is of great socio-economic importance for Benin's cattle farmers in general and those of North Benin in particular. The objective of this study is to inventory the natural products of medicinal plants of the Beninese pharmacopoeia for the management of trypanosomes in cattle in North Benin. The methodology consisted of individual and semi-structured interviews with cattle farmers on the use of medicinal plants. A total of 360 cattle farmers were selected and interviewed in twelve villages in four municipalities (Tchaourou, N'dali, Bembèrèkè and Gogounou) in northern Benin. Different quantitative ethnobotanical indices were calculated to determine the level of use of plant species. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), the Informant Consensus Factor (ICF = 0.918) and the Generic Coefficient (Rg = 1.04) were evaluated. The knowledge of medicinal plants was influenced by the level of education and the main activity of those who practiced animal husbandry. The results yielded 48 medicinal plants for veterinary use belonging to 46 genera and 28 families. The Leguminosae family (12.50%) was the most represented. The most cited plants with a RFC above 10% were K. senegalensis, P. africana, K. africana, M. inermis, S. latifolius, M. polyandra. The parts used were leaves (46.15%); barks (24.62%) and roots (15.38%). Decoction (53.23%), plundering (32.26%) and maceration (11.26%) were the main methods of preparation. The administration was mainly by oral route. The calculated indices show a high diversity of medicinal plants with trypanocidal properties in the control of cattle trypanosomosis in the Sudanese and Sudano-Guinean zones of northern Benin. Plant species with high citation and RFC values should be selected for comprehensive pharmacological and phytochemical research to validate this ethnomedical knowledge in the management of cattle trypanosomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Iwaka
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie, de Santé et de Production Animales (LESPA), Faculté d’Agronomie (FA), Université de Parakou (UP), 01 BP 123, Parakou, Benin
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie, de Botanique et de Biologie Végétale, Faculté d’Agronomie, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 125, Parakou, Benin
- Laboratoire d’Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Erick Virgile Bertrand Azando
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie, de Santé et de Production Animales (LESPA), Faculté d’Agronomie (FA), Université de Parakou (UP), 01 BP 123, Parakou, Benin
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et d’Amélioration Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Université d’Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
- Laboratoire d’Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Thierry Dehouegnon Houehanou
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie, de Botanique et de Biologie Végétale, Faculté d’Agronomie, Université de Parakou, 03 BP 125, Parakou, Benin
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Sabi Kora
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie, de Santé et de Production Animales (LESPA), Faculté d’Agronomie (FA), Université de Parakou (UP), 01 BP 123, Parakou, Benin
| | - Yaya Idrissou
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie, de Santé et de Production Animales (LESPA), Faculté d’Agronomie (FA), Université de Parakou (UP), 01 BP 123, Parakou, Benin
| | - Pascal Abiodoun Olounlade
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et d’Amélioration Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées (ISBA), Université d’Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
- Laboratoire des Sciences Animale et Halieutique (LaSAH), Unité de Recherches Zootechnique et Système d’élevage, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences Agronomiques et de l’Eau, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, 01 BP 55, Porto Novo, Benin
- Laboratoire d’Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Sylvie Mawulé Hounzangbe-Adote
- Laboratoire d’Ethnopharmacologie et de Santé Animale, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
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10
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Baslam A, Aitbaba A, Lamrani Hanchi A, Tazart Z, Aboufatima R, Soraa N, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Boussaa S, Baslam M, Chait A. Modulation of Gut Microbiome in Ecstasy/MDMA-Induced Behavioral and Biochemical Impairment in Rats and Potential of Post-Treatment with Anacyclus pyrethrum L. Aqueous Extract to Mitigate Adverse Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109086. [PMID: 37240429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of illicit substances continues to pose a substantial threat to global health, affecting millions of individuals annually. Evidence suggests the existence of a 'brain-gut axis' as the involving connection between the central nervous system and gut microbiome (GM). Dysbiosis of the GM has been associated with the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including metabolic, malignant, and inflammatory conditions. However, little is currently known about the involvement of this axis in modulating the GM in response to psychoactive substances. In this study, we investigated the effect of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, "Ecstasy")-dependence on the behavioral and biochemical responses, and the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiome in rats post-treated (or not) with aqueous extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (AEAP), which has been reported to exhibit anticonvulsant activity. The dependency was validated using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, behavioral, and biochemical tests, while the gut microbiota was identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The CPP and behavioral tests confirmed the presence of MDMA withdrawal syndrome. Interestingly, treatment with AEAP led to a compositional shift in the GM compared to the MDMA-treated rats. Specifically, the AEAP group yielded a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacter, while animals receiving MDMA had higher levels of E. coli. These findings suggest that A. pyrethrum therapy may directly modulate the gut microbiome, highlighting a potential target for regulating and treating substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmounaim Baslam
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelfatah Aitbaba
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Asmae Lamrani Hanchi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Zakaria Tazart
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malta, Msida 2080, Malta
| | - Rachida Aboufatima
- Laboratory of Biological Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Nabila Soraa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital Mohamed VI, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment & Agri-Food URAC 36, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques-Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20000, Morocco
| | - Samia Boussaa
- ISPITS-Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Niigata, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
- Centre d'Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University (UCA), Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Abderrahman Chait
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology, Anthropobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
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11
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Noumi E, Ahmad I, Adnan M, Merghni A, Patel H, Haddaji N, Bouali N, Alabbosh KF, Ghannay S, Aouadi K, Kadri A, Polito F, Snoussi M, De Feo V. GC/MS Profiling, Antibacterial, Anti-Quorum Sensing, and Antibiofilm Properties of Anethum graveolens L. Essential Oil: Molecular Docking Study and In-Silico ADME Profiling. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1997. [PMID: 37653914 PMCID: PMC10220905 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Anethum graveolens L. has been known as an aromatic, medicinal, and culinary herb since ancient times. The main purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition, antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities of the essential oil (EO) obtained by hydro-distillation of the aerial parts. Twelve components were identified, representing 92.55% of the analyzed essential oil. Limonene (48.05%), carvone (37.94%), cis-dihydrocarvone (3.5%), and trans-carvone (1.07%) were the main identified constituents. Results showed that the obtained EO was effective against eight bacterial strains at different degrees. Concerning the antibiofilm activity, limonene was more effective against biofilm formation than the essential oil when tested using sub-inhibitory concentrations. The results of anti-swarming activity tested against P. aeruginosa PAO1 revealed that A. graveolens induced more potent inhibitory effects in the swarming behavior of the PAO1 strain when compared to limonene, with a percentage reaching 33.33% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The ADME profiling of the identified phytocompounds confirms their important pharmacokinetic and drug-like properties. The in-silico study using molecular docking approaches reveals a high binding score between the identified compounds and known target enzymes involved in antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing (QS) activities. Overall, the obtained results highlight the possible use of A. graveolens EO to prevent food contamination with foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (N.H.); (N.B.); (K.F.A.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule 424002, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (N.H.); (N.B.); (K.F.A.)
| | - Abderrahmen Merghni
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia;
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Najla Haddaji
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (N.H.); (N.B.); (K.F.A.)
| | - Nouha Bouali
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (N.H.); (N.B.); (K.F.A.)
| | - Khulood Fahad Alabbosh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (N.H.); (N.B.); (K.F.A.)
| | - Siwar Ghannay
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6688, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.G.)
| | - Kaïss Aouadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6688, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia; (S.G.)
| | - Adel Kadri
- College of Science and Arts in Baljurashi, Al Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Applied to Crop Improvement, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Flavio Polito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (N.H.); (N.B.); (K.F.A.)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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12
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Julca I, Mutwil-Anderwald D, Manoj V, Khan Z, Lai SK, Yang LK, Beh IT, Dziekan J, Lim YP, Lim SK, Low YW, Lam YI, Tjia S, Mu Y, Tan QW, Nuc P, Choo LM, Khew G, Shining L, Kam A, Tam JP, Bozdech Z, Schmidt M, Usadel B, Kanagasundaram Y, Alseekh S, Fernie A, Li HY, Mutwil M. Genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analysis of Oldenlandia corymbosa reveals the biosynthesis and mode of action of anti-cancer metabolites. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36807520 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants accumulate a vast array of secondary metabolites, which constitute a natural resource for pharmaceuticals. Oldenlandia corymbosa belongs to the Rubiaceae family, and has been used in traditional medicine to treat different diseases, including cancer. However, the active metabolites of the plant, their biosynthetic pathway and mode of action in cancer are unknown. To fill these gaps, we exposed this plant to eight different stress conditions and combined different omics data capturing gene expression, metabolic profiles, and anti-cancer activity. Our results show that O. corymbosa extracts are active against breast cancer cell lines and that ursolic acid is responsible for this activity. Moreover, we assembled a high-quality genome and uncovered two genes involved in the biosynthesis of ursolic acid. Finally, we also revealed that ursolic acid causes mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells and identified three high-confidence protein binding targets by Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) and reverse docking. Altogether, these results constitute a valuable resource to further characterize the biosynthesis of active metabolites in the Oldenlandia group, while the mode of action of ursolic acid will allow us to further develop this valuable compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Julca
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | | | - Vaishnervi Manoj
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zahra Khan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Soak Kuan Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lay K Yang
- Shared Analytics, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Ing T Beh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jerzy Dziekan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yoon P Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Shen K Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Yee W Low
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Yuen I Lam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Seth Tjia
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuguang Mu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qiao W Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Przemyslaw Nuc
- Department of Gene Expression, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, 61-614, Poland
| | - Le M Choo
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Gillian Khew
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Loo Shining
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Antony Kam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zbynek Bozdech
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | | | - Bjoern Usadel
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Shared Analytics, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Hoi Y Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Marek Mutwil
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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13
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P R A, P S H, S AK, S P, Prakash G, Savanth V V, M P, Chopra H, Emran TB, Dey A, Dhama K, Chandran D. Essential oils as valuable feed additive: A narrative review of the state of knowledge about their beneficial health applications and enhancement of production performances in poultry. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 2022; 10:1290-1317. [DOI: 10.18006/2022.10(6).1290.1317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
New research has begun to develop safe and effective alternatives to feed-antibiotics as growth enhancers in response to mounting pressure on the poultry sector to do so. There is a significant demand for poultry products all across the world right now. To achieve this goal, key performance indicators are optimized, such as the rate of chicken growth, the amount of feed used, and the health of the flock as a whole. As a result of this growing need, various alternatives to antibiotics have entered the market. New approaches are desperately needed to keep poultry productivity and efficiency at a high level in the face of mounting pressure to limit the use of antibiotics. Recent years have seen an uptick in interest in the potential of aromatic plant extracts as growth and health boosters in poultry. The great majority of plants' positive effects are accounted for by essential oils (EOs) and other secondary metabolites. EOs have been proven to promote digestive secretion production, improve blood circulation, exert antioxidant qualities, reduce levels of dangerous microbes, and maybe improve the immune status of poultry. EOs are often believed to be safe, non-toxic alternatives because they are all-natural, chemical-free, and devoid of potentially harmful deposits. EOs are extracted from plants, and while there are thousands of them, only approximately 300 have been deemed to have significant commercial value. Many different types of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are negatively affected by EOs in multiple studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo. The review covers the fundamentals of EOs, their anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory capabilities, their growth-promoting benefits, and their effectiveness against numerous diseases in poultry.
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14
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C R HS, Rajan NS, Raida, V K S, Suresh S, P S H, P S, M P, R P, Yatoo MI, Chopra H, Emran TB, Dey A, Dhama K, Chandran D. Potential effects of essential oils in safeguarding the health and enhancing production performance of livestock animals: The current scientific understanding. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 2022; 10:1222-1240. [DOI: 10.18006/2022.10(6).1222.1240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The food sector competes in a cutthroat environment, and it constantly struggles to maintain or even grow its market share. For customer confidence and consumption to remain strong, consistent animal products are needed. The qualitative attributes of the derived goods appear to be improved by the addition of bioactive substances to food, such as essential oils (EOs), and consumers are shielded from the impacts of bacterial and oxidative deterioration. Due to the current controversy surrounding synthetic chemicals and their alleged carcinogenic potential, a substantial study has been done to find effective and safe substitutes. Aromatic plants and the corresponding EOs from them are considered natural products and are typically employed in ruminant nutrition. Since dietary supplementation has been demonstrated to be an easy and practical method to successfully suppress oxidative processes or microbial deterioration at their localized sites, the addition of EOs in animal diets is now becoming a regular practice. However, there is just a little amount of evidence supporting the notion that these compounds may improve nutrient absorption and gastrointestinal health. Additionally, a variety of factors affect how well EOs works in animal diets. These variables can be, on the one hand, the erratic composition, and the many additions to the diet, and, on the other hand, erratic animal genetic elements. Maximizing the use of EOs and creating high-quality products require a deeper understanding of the composition and activity of the gastrointestinal tract microbiota. Numerous EOs contain bioactive substances with the potential to serve as multifunctional feed supplements for animals, with impacts on growth performance, the digestive system, the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and lipid oxidation, among others. To establish their regular use in animal production and to determine their precise mechanism of action, more research is required. The potential advantages of EOs for livestock health and production are highlighted in the current article.
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15
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Effect of Brachiaria decumbens as a novel supplementation on the production performance of broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:386. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Farag MR, Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Abdelnour SA, Dhama K, Swelum AA, Di Cerbo A. Dandelion Herb: Chemical Composition and Use in Poultry Nutrition. ANTIBIOTIC ALTERNATIVES IN POULTRY AND FISH FEED 2022:124-136. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815049015122010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Taraxacum officinale, also known as dandelion herb, is a popular medicinal
and therapeutic herb used for many years and is mostly raised in Europe, Asia, North
and South America. It contains several nutrients and bioactive substances, especially
the leaves and roots of this herb, which are a rich source of fiber, lecithin, choline, and
micronutrients such as minerals (potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, etc., iron) and
vitamins (A, C, K, and B-complex). The root has been commonly used for digestive
and liver problems due to its stimulatory effects on the production of bile and
detoxification functions. The leaves of dandelion have stimulatory functions on the
digestive system and possess diuretic effects. Furthermore, several studies have shown
that dandelion leaves can enhance the growth and productivity of poultry. Various
functions on the intestinal mucosa have been reported, including the effects on the
architecture of villi, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and cellular infiltration. This herb
also has various beneficial functions, such as immunomodulatory effects, stimulation
of the digestive system and insulin activation, enhancing the metabolism of androgens,
and acting as a probiotic, antiangiogenic, antineoplastic and demulcent. Moreover, the
dandelion herb can treat indigestions and hepatitis B infection. Due to the lack of studies on the effects of dandelion, further research has to be conducted to exploit the
medicinal properties of this herb for its beneficial health impact on humans, pet and
livestock animals (e.g., poultry) nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R. Farag
- Zagazig University,Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department,Zagazig,Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Kuldeep Dhama
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute,Bareilly,India
| | - Ayman A. Swelum
- Department of Animal Production,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
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Medicinal Plants and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102111. [PMID: 35631252 PMCID: PMC9144835 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various neurocognitive and mental health-related conditions have been associated with the gut microbiome, implicating a microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA). The aim of this systematic review was to identify, categorize, and review clinical evidence supporting medicinal plants for the treatment of mental disorders and studies on their interactions with the gut microbiota. Methods: This review included medicinal plants for which clinical studies on depression, sleeping disorders, anxiety, or cognitive dysfunction as well as scientific evidence of interaction with the gut microbiome were available. The studies were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Eighty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and covered thirty mental health-related medicinal plants with data on interaction with the gut microbiome. Conclusion: Only a few studies have been specifically designed to assess how herbal preparations affect MGBA-related targets or pathways. However, many studies provide hints of a possible interaction with the MGBA, such as an increased abundance of health-beneficial microorganisms, anti-inflammatory effects, or MGBA-related pathway effects by gut microbial metabolites. Data for Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, and Salvia rosmarinus indicate that the interaction of their constituents with the gut microbiota could mediate mental health benefits. Studies specifically assessing the effects on MGBA-related pathways are still required for most medicinal plants.
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Antimicrobial, Antigenotoxicity, and Characterization of Calotropis procera and Its Rhizosphere-Inhabiting Actinobacteria: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103123. [PMID: 35630600 PMCID: PMC9146570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Calotropis procera (C. procera) is a wild shrub that is a medicinal plant found in abundance throughout Saudi Arabia. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical composition and antigenotoxic properties of the ethanolic extract of C. procera, in addition to the antimicrobial activity of the plant and its rhizospheric actinobacteria effects against pathogenic microorganisms. Soil-extract medium supplemented with glycerol as a carbon source and starch–casein agar medium was used for isolation of actinobacteria from rhizosphere. From the plant, a total of 31 compounds were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The main components were α-amyrin (39.36%), lupeol acetate (17.94%), phytol (13.32%), hexadecanoic acid (5.55%), stigmasterol (3.16%), linolenic acid (3.04%), and gombasterol A (2.14%). C. procera plant extract’s antimicrobial activity was investigated using an agar well-diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six pathogenic microbial strains. The plant extract of C. procera was considered significantly active against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 18.66 mm, 21.26 mm, and 21.93 mm, respectively. The plant extract was considered to be a moderate inhibitor against Bacillus subtilis, with MIC ranging from 0.60–1.50 mg/mL. On the other hand, the isolated actinobacteria were considered to be a moderate inhibitor against S. aureus (MIC of 86 µg/mL), and a potent inhibitor, strain CALT_2, against Candida albicans (MIC of 35 µg/mL). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the potential strains belonged to the genus Streptomyces. The effect of C. procera extract against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced genotoxicity was examined by evaluating chromosome abnormalities in mouse somatic cells and DNA fragmentation assays. The current study revealed that oral pretreatment of C. procera (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w.) for 1, 7, and 14 days to cyclophosphamide-treated animals significantly reduced chromosomal abnormalities as well as DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, C. procera extract had antimicrobial and antigenotoxic effects against CP-induced genotoxicity.
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Fadhel Abbas Albaayit S, Maharjan R, Abdullah R, Hezmee Mohd Noor M. Evaluation of anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus property of zerumbone. J Appl Biomed 2022; 20:15-21. [PMID: 35170271 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2022.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Zerumbone has been reported to exert anti-microbial effects, but the mechanism by which the compound exerts its action is not known. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of zerumbone against methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), using the atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and flow cytometry techniques. METHODS MRSA (NCTC 13277) cell viability was determined using the microplate AlamarBlue assay. AFM and SEM were used to determine the morphology of zerumbone-treated MRSA cells. Flow cytometric analysis was used to determine the effect of zerumbone on bacterial membrane permeability and membrane potential, using the propidium iodide (PI) staining method, membrane potential-sensitive fluorescence probe, and DiBAC4(3) dye. DCFDA dye was used to determine the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by MRSA. RESULTS Zerumbone significantly inhibited MRSA growth with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 µg/ml. The AFM analysis showed that zerumbone caused leakage of cytoplasmic content from the bacterial cells. Ultrastructure analysis showed small colonies of the bacteria with pores on the membrane surface. There were increases in zerumbone-treated MRSA PI and DiBAC4(3) fluorescence, indicating an increase in cell membrane permeability and a decrease in membrane potential that culminated in the loss of membrane structural integrity and bacterial death. Based on DCFDA dye analysis, zerumbone also reduced ROS production by MRSA. CONCLUSIONS Zerumbone exerts anti-MRSA effects by causing membrane depolarization, increasing membrane permeability, and finally disrupting cell membrane and bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukesh Maharjan
- University of Karachi, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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He L, Cheng H, Chen F, Song S, Zhang H, Sun W, Bao X, Zhang H, He C. Oxidative Stress-Mediated Antibacterial Activity of the Total Flavonoid Extracted from the Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA). Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020071. [PMID: 35202325 PMCID: PMC8874552 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes endocarditis, pneumonia, and skin diseases in humans and livestock. (2) Methods: The antibacterial effect of the total flavonoid against MRSA (ATCC43300) extracted from the Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (A. pilosa Ledeb) was evaluated by the microdilution method. The oxidative stresses in MRSA were evaluated by the levels of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative stress-related genes. The DNA oxidative damage was tested by the 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and DNA gel electrophoresis. The differentially expressed proteins were determined by the method of SDS-PAGE and NanoLC-ESI-MS/MS, while the mRNAs of differential proteins were determined by Real-Time PCR. The changes of ultra-structures in MRSA were observed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). (3) Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the total flavonoid against MRSA was recorded as 62.5 μg/mL. After treatment with the total flavonoid, the levels of intracellular H2O2 and ROS were increased and the gene expressions against oxidative stress (SodA, katA, TrxB) were decreased (p < 0.01), while the gene expression for oxidative stress (PerR) was increased (p < 0.01). The level of intracellular 8-OHdG in MRSA was increased (p < 0.01) and the DNA was damaged. The results of TEM also showed that the total flavonoid could destroy the ultra-structures in the bacteria. (4) Conclusions: The total flavonoid extracted from the A. pilosa Ledeb can induce the oxidative stress that disturbed the energy metabolism and protein synthesis in MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liren He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.H.); (H.C.); (S.S.); (W.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Han Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.H.); (H.C.); (S.S.); (W.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China;
| | - Suquan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.H.); (H.C.); (S.S.); (W.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Weidong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.H.); (H.C.); (S.S.); (W.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiaowei Bao
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Haibin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.H.); (H.C.); (S.S.); (W.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chenghua He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (L.H.); (H.C.); (S.S.); (W.S.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-8439-5227; Fax: +86-025-8439-8669
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Kuralkar P, Kuralkar SV. Role of herbal products in animal production - An updated review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114246. [PMID: 34052352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are used for health and medical functions since ancient times. Plants and their extracts are also well-known phytobiotics or phytogenics that are widely used in animal traditional and alternative medicine. In recent years the use of herbal/plant medicine is increased in livestock production due to the side effects of modern drugs, the high input costs, toxic residues in food, microbial resistance and due to the development of organic livestock production systems. Plants are used as health promoters and also for the treatment of diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide information on various plants used in animal health care, production and reproduction in various forms. METHODS We carefully searched the scientific literature for data related to traditional scientific use of herbal products in animal production. This review summarized published literature collected from library, the online databases, and various scientific search engines including PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Research gate. The Plant List (www.theplantlist.org) databases were used to provide the scientific names, subspecies of plants. RESULTS Various herbs play important role in production and reproduction of animal. Herbs acts as feed additives, growth promoters, immune boosters, improves reproduction in animals and also helps in reduction of methane and ammonia emission. Secondary metabolites like Tanins, saponin, flavonoids and essential oils are the most used for rumen manipulation and have great potential in poultry and pig nutrition. CONCLUSION The traditional knowledge may play important role, hence documentation and preservation is a must before it is lost forever. Medicinal herbs are a potential source as therapeutics and nutritive aids and have a significant role in health system all over the world for both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Kuralkar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Science (MAFSU), Akola, 444 104, India.
| | - S V Kuralkar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary and Animal Science (MAFSU), Akola, 444 104, India
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In vitro and in silico evaluation of some plant extracts and phytocompounds against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alagawany M, Elnesr SS, Farag MR, Abd El-Hack ME, Barkat RA, Gabr AA, Foda MA, Noreldin AE, Khafaga AF, El-Sabrout K, Elwan HAM, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Michalak I, Di Cerbo A, Dhama K. Potential role of important nutraceuticals in poultry performance and health - A comprehensive review. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:9-29. [PMID: 33915364 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics use in poultry as a growth promoter leads to the propagation of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and incorporation of drug residues in foods; therefore, it has been restricted in different countries. There is a global trend to limit the use of antibiotics in the animal products. Prevention of the antibiotics use in the poultry diets led to the reduction in the growth performance. Consequently, there is a high demand for natural substances that lead to the same growth enhancement and beneficially affect poultry health. These constituents play essential roles in regulating the normal physiological functions of animals including the protection from infectious ailments. Nutraceuticals administration resulted beneficial in both infectious and noninfectious diseases. Being the natural components of diet, they are compatible with it and do not pose risks associated with antibiotics or other drugs. Nutraceuticals are categorized as commercial additives obtained from natural products as an alternative feed supplement for the improvement of animal welfare. This group includes enzymes, synbiotics, phytobiotics, organic acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the present review, the summary of various bioactive ingredients that act as nutraceuticals and their mode of action in growth promotion and elevation of the immune system has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Shaaban S Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Barkat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amr A Gabr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo Unversity, Giza 1221, Egypt
| | - Manar A Foda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Karim El-Sabrout
- Poultry production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Elshatby, Egypt
| | - Hamada A M Elwan
- Animal and Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, 61519 El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025 Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy.
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Dhama K, Sharun K, Gugjoo MB, Tiwari R, Alagawany M, Iqbal Yatoo M, Thakur P, Iqbal HM, Chaicumpa W, Michalak I, Elnesr SS, Farag MR. A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Profile and Pharmacological Activities of Ocimum basilicum. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1900230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mudasir B. Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary SciencesDeen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Pallavi Thakur
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico De Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Albaayit SFA, Maharjan R, Abdullah R, Noor MHM. Anti- Enterococcus Faecalis, Cytotoxicity, Phytotoxicity, and Anticancer Studies on Clausena excavata Burum. f. (Rutaceae) Leaves. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3123476. [PMID: 33748267 PMCID: PMC7954634 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clausena excavata Burum. f. has long been applied in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various disorders like rhinitis, headache, cough, wound healing, fever, and detoxification. This study is aimed at investigating the antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 49532 using AlamarBlue assay and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as the cytotoxicity, anticancer, and phytotoxicity of C. excavata. METHOD Bacterial cell viability was performed by using microplate AlamarBlue assay. Atomic force microscopy was used to determine morphological changes in the surface of bacterial cells. Cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity were determined by brine shrimp lethality and Lemna minor bioassay. Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) cell line was used for the evaluation of the anticancer effects. RESULT Among the fractions tested, ethyl acetate (EA) fraction was found to be active with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 750 μg/mL against E. faecalis, but other fractions were found to be insensitive to bacterial growth. Microscopically, the EA fraction-treated bacteria showed highly damaged cells with their cytoplasmic content scattered all over. The LC50 value of the EA fraction against brine shrimp was more than 1000 μg/mL showing the nontoxic nature of this fraction. Chloroform (CH), EA, and methanol (MOH) fractions of C. excavata were highly herbicidal at the concentration of 1000 μg/mL. EA inhibited Caco-2 cell line with an IC50 of 20 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to reveal anti-E. faecalis property of EA fraction of C. excavata leaves, natural herbicidal, and anticancer agents thus highlight the potential compound present in its leaf which needs to be isolated and tested against multidrug-resistant E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rukesh Maharjan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Al-Musawi S, Albukhaty S, Al-Karagoly H, Sulaiman GM, Alwahibi MS, Dewir YH, Soliman DA, Rizwana H. Antibacterial Activity of Honey/Chitosan Nanofibers Loaded with Capsaicin and Gold Nanoparticles for Wound Dressing. Molecules 2020; 25:E4770. [PMID: 33080798 PMCID: PMC7587596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the preparation, characterization, and evaluation of honey/tripolyphosphate (TPP)/chitosan (HTCs) nanofibers loaded with capsaicin derived from the natural extract of hot pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) and loaded with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as biocompatible antimicrobial nanofibrous wound bandages in topical skin treatments. The capsaicin and AuNPs were packed within HTCs in HTCs-capsaicin, HTCs-AuNP, and HTCs-AuNPs/capsaicin nanofibrous mats. In vitro antibacterial testing against Pasteurella multocida, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis,Staphylococcus pyogenes, and Vibrio vulnificus was conducted in comparison with difloxacin and chloramphenicol antibiotics. Cell viability and proliferation of the developed nanofibers were evaluated using an MTT assay. Finally, in vivo study of the wound-closure process was performed on New Zealand white rabbits. The results indicate that HTCs-capsaicin and HTCs-AuNPs are suitable in inhibiting bacterial growth compared with HTCs and HTCs-capsaicin/AuNP nanofibers and antibiotics (P < 0.01). The MTT assay demonstrates that the nanofibrous mats increased cell proliferation compared with the untreated control (P < 0.01). In vivo results show that the developed mats enhanced the wound-closure rate more effectively than the control samples. The novel nanofibrous wound dressings provide a relatively rapid and efficacious wound-healing ability, making the obtained nanofibers promising candidates for the development of improved bandage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salim Albukhaty
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Nursing, University of Misan, Maysan 62001, Iraq;
| | - Hassan Al-Karagoly
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Medicine College, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah 58002, Iraq;
| | - Ghassan M. Sulaiman
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (D.A.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Dina A. Soliman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (D.A.S.); (H.R.)
| | - Humaira Rizwana
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (D.A.S.); (H.R.)
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Antimicrobial Importance of Medicinal Plants in Nigeria. ScientificWorldJournal 2020; 2020:7059323. [PMID: 33029108 PMCID: PMC7528132 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7059323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of antibiotic discovery, infectious diseases remain the second leading source of death worldwide, while the resistance to antibiotics is among the significant problems in the twenty-first century. Medicinal plants are very rich in phytochemicals which can be structurally optimized and processed into new drugs. Nigeria enjoys a diverse collection of medicinal plants, and joint research has ascertained the efficacy of these plants. Plants such as guava (Psidium guajava), ginger (Zingiber officinale), neem (Azadirachta indica), and moringa (Moringa oleifera) have been found to exhibit broad range of antimicrobial activities. Studies on Nigerian plants have shown that they contain alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenes, glycosides, and others with possible therapeutic potentials. The antimicrobial activities of some new compounds such as alloeudesmenol, hanocokinoside, orosunol, and 8-demethylorosunol, identified from medicinal plants in Nigeria, are not yet explored. Further investigation and optimization of these compounds will facilitate the development of new sets of pharmacologically acceptable antimicrobial agents. This review study revealed the efficacy of medicinal plants as an alternative therapy in combating and curtailing the development and survival of multidrug-resistant pathogens coupled with the toxic effects of some antibiotics. Due to enormous therapeutic possibilities buried in medicinal plants, there is a need for more research into unique fingerprints and novel compounds that can provide cure to the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) of humans and animals facing Africa, especially Nigeria.
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Andrew Selaledi L, Mohammed Hassan Z, Manyelo TG, Mabelebele M. The Current Status of the Alternative Use to Antibiotics in Poultry Production: An African Perspective. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E594. [PMID: 32932751 PMCID: PMC7559726 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years the growth and health of food-producing animals have been enhanced by the use of antibiotics. These have helped reduce on-farm mortalities, lower incidences of diseases and more importantly improve productivity. Generally, the utilization of antibiotics in feed has been reevaluated since bacterial pathogens have established and shared a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that can easily be spread within microbial communities. Multiple countries have introduced bans or severe restrictions on the non-therapeutic use of antibiotics. This has therefore warranted the urgent need for alternatives. Africa is facing its own challenges as it has been reported to be one of the continents with the highest number of foodborne diseases with approximately 91 million related diseases and 137,000 death per annum. Stakeholder and policy direction has been put in place to curb this escalation; however, the problem persists. The use of alternatives has been recommended and some successfully used in other countries as well as Africa, including pro- and prebiotics and phytochemicals. This then leads to the core aim of this review which is to (1) determine the extent to which antimicrobial-resistant pathogens have affected Africa, (2) assess the current measures put in place by Africa to reduces antimicrobial resistance and finally (3) explore the alternative use of antibiotics in poultry production. Improved sanitary conditions and farm biosecurity are important alternatives that could be adopted by farmers instead of depending on antibiotic drugs for disease control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letlhogonolo Andrew Selaledi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (L.A.S.); (Z.M.H.); (T.G.M.)
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Zahra Mohammed Hassan
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (L.A.S.); (Z.M.H.); (T.G.M.)
| | - Tlou Grace Manyelo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (L.A.S.); (Z.M.H.); (T.G.M.)
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Monnye Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; (L.A.S.); (Z.M.H.); (T.G.M.)
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Acheampong DO, Owusu-Adzorah N, Armah FA, Aninagyei E, Asiamah EA, Thomford AK, Anyan WK. Ethnopharmacological evaluation of schistosomicidal and cercaricidal activities of some selected medicinal plants from Ghana. Trop Med Health 2020; 48:19. [PMID: 32308530 PMCID: PMC7147056 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The adulticidal and cercaricidal activities of five Ghanaian medicinal plants, namely, Phyllanthus amarus, Vernonia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica, Morinda lucida and Nauclea latifolia against S. mansoni were evaluated in this study. Six weeks old ICR mice (n = 25) were percutaneously infected with S. mansoni cercariae. Nine weeks later, infected mice (n = 5) were anaesthetised and perfused for adult S. mansoni. Cercariae were treated with different concentrations (1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25 μg/mL) of methanolic extracts of the experimenting plants in triplicates. Adult S. mansoni incopula were also treated with same concentrations of each extract or 20 μg/mL praziquantel. The cercariae and adult worms were observed at time intervals for 180 min and 120 h to assess mortality and viability respectively. Additionally, 9-week cercariae-infected mice (4 groups of 5 mice) were treated with either 500 mg/kg po A. indica or V. amygdalina, 400 mg/kg po praziquantel or distilled water for 14 days. The mice were euthanized after adult worms were recovered from them. The liver was processed and histologically examined for granuloma formations. Results All the plants exhibited varying cercaricidal and adulticidal activities against S. mansoni in a time and concentration-dependent manner. A. indica (3 h IC50 = 27.62 μg/mL) and V. amygdalina (3 h IC50 = 35.84 μg/mL) exerted the highest cercaricidal activity. Worm recovery after treatment with V. amygdalina, A. indica and praziquantel in vivo was 48.8%, 85.1 % and 59.9 % respectively (p < 0.05). A. indica and V. amydalina-treated mice recorded lesser mean liver and spleen weights compared to untreated groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion A. indica demonstrated the highest cercaricidal and alduticidal activities in vitro, whereas V. amygdalina exhibited the most potent aldulticidal activity in vivo. This study could provide baseline information which can be used to develop plant-based alternative commercial drugs against S. mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Omane Acheampong
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ninette Owusu-Adzorah
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Francis Ackah Armah
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Enoch Aninagyei
- 2Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Ernest Amponsah Asiamah
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ama Kyeraa Thomford
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - William Kofi Anyan
- 3Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
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Chan Y, Ng SW, Xin Tan JZ, Gupta G, Tambuwala MM, Bakshi HA, Dureja H, Dua K, Ishaq M, Caruso V, Chellappan DK. Emerging therapeutic potential of the iridoid molecule, asperuloside: A snapshot of its underlying molecular mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 315:108911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Alagawany M, Abd El-Hack ME, Saeed M, Naveed M, Arain MA, Arif M, Tiwari R, Khandia R, Khurana SK, Karthik K, Yatoo MI, Munjal A, Bhatt P, Sharun K, Iqbal HMN, Sun C, Dhama K. Nutritional applications and beneficial health applications of green tea and l-theanine in some animal species: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:245-256. [PMID: 31595607 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is a popular herbal plant with abundant health benefits, and thus, it has been used as a potent antioxidant for a long time. Based on the available literature, the diversity and the availability of multifunctional compounds in green tea offer its noteworthy potential against many diseases such as liver and heart diseases, inflammatory conditions and different metabolic syndromes. Owing to its bioactive constituents including caffeine, amino acids, l-theanine, polyphenols/flavonoids and carbohydrates among other potent molecules, green tea has many pharmacological and physiological effects. The effects of green tea include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-stress, hypolipidaemic, hypocholesterolaemic, skin/collagen protective, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-infective, anti-parasitic, anti-cancerous, inhibition of tumorigenesis and angiogenesis, anti-mutagenic, and memory and bone health-improving activities. Apart from its utilization in humans, green tea has also played a significant role in livestock production such as in dairy, piggery, goatry and poultry industries. Supplementation of animal feeds with green tea and its products is in line with the modern concepts of organic livestock production. Hence, incorporating green tea or green tea by-products into the diet of poultry and other livestock can enhance the value of the products obtained from these animals. Herein, an effort is made to extend the knowledge on the importance and useful applications of green tea and its important constituents in animal production including poultry. This review will be a guideline for researchers and entrepreneurs who want to explore the utilization of feeds supplemented with green tea and green tea by-products for the enhancement of livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muhammad A Arain
- College of Animal Science and Technology, NW A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Sandip K Khurana
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohd I Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Udham Singh Nagar), Uttarakhand, India
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, NW A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Emblica officinalis (Amla) with a Particular Focus on Its Antimicrobial Potentials: A Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Saeed M, Naveed M, Leskovec J, Ali Kamboh A, Kakar I, Ullah K, Ahmad F, Sharif M, Javaid A, Rauf M, Abd El-Hack ME, Abdel-Latif MA, Chao S. Using Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) as an eco-friendly feed supplement in human and poultry nutrition. Poult Sci 2019; 99:801-811. [PMID: 32029162 PMCID: PMC7587696 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) is a well-recognized and widely distributed traditional plant that is used successfully in Indian Ayurveda medicine. T. cordifolia has shown many promising biological activities, such as antioxidative, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, osteoprotective, hepatoprotective, antidiarrheal, and antistress effects. Guduchi is a rich source of protein and micronutrients, such as iron, zinc, copper, calcium, phosphorus, and manganese. It also contains many secondary plant metabolites, such as terpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and glycosides. Based on previous studies in poultry, the supplementation levels of Guduchi range from 1 to 5 g/kg of diet (different sources, such as powder, extracts, roots, and leaves, have been used). It was suggested that this variation in supplementation levels depends on different factors, including the extraction method, the supplementation proposed, the method of supplementation (either in feed or drinking water), and the species and physiological status of the birds. Generally, dietary supplementation of poultry broilers with T. cordifolia yielded positive impacts on growth performance, body gains (increased by 4.8%), dressing percentage (increased by 7.1%), meat quality traits, and the shelf life of the meat. In addition, T. cordifolia exerted a palliative effect on the general health status of the birds through reducing live enzymes and plasma uric acids and enhancing the immune response, as indicated by the leukocyte count, hemagglutinin titer, interleukin activity, and mortality levels. Further investigations concluded that T. cordifolia showed strong antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis, with subsequent reductions in mortality. Moreover, T. cordifolia showed an ability to improve humoral and cell-mediated immunity against Newcastle disease, infectious anemia, gout, and aflatoxicosis. The current review discusses many beneficial properties of T. cordifolia, although the lack of pharmacological trials limits the use of this extract in poultry. Further research should be performed regarding the composition of the active compound, the possible mechanisms of action, and the effective doses to fully understand the activities and benefits of T. cordifolia as a growth performance improvement supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211166, China
| | - Jakob Leskovec
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia 1230 Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Asgahr Ali Kamboh
- Department of Microbiology, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Sindh Province, Pakistan
| | - Ihsanullah Kakar
- Clinical Medicine and Surgery Department LUAWMS, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Fawwad Ahmad
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sharif
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asif Javaid
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mubasher Rauf
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, code 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mervat A Abdel-Latif
- Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Sun Chao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Trivedi A, Ahmad R, Sahabjada, Misra A. Effect of alkaline pH on cytotoxicity profile of neem (Azadirachta indica) ethanolic extract against human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sharma C, Rokana N, Chandra M, Singh BP, Gulhane RD, Gill JPS, Ray P, Puniya AK, Panwar H. Antimicrobial Resistance: Its Surveillance, Impact, and Alternative Management Strategies in Dairy Animals. Front Vet Sci 2018; 4:237. [PMID: 29359135 PMCID: PMC5766636 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), one among the most common priority areas identified by both national and international agencies, is mushrooming as a silent pandemic. The advancement in public health care through introduction of antibiotics against infectious agents is now being threatened by global development of multidrug-resistant strains. These strains are product of both continuous evolution and un-checked antimicrobial usage (AMU). Though antibiotic application in livestock has largely contributed toward health and productivity, it has also played significant role in evolution of resistant strains. Although, a significant emphasis has been given to AMR in humans, trends in animals, on other hand, are not much emphasized. Dairy farming involves surplus use of antibiotics as prophylactic and growth promoting agents. This non-therapeutic application of antibiotics, their dosage, and withdrawal period needs to be re-evaluated and rationally defined. A dairy animal also poses a serious risk of transmission of resistant strains to humans and environment. Outlining the scope of the problem is necessary for formulating and monitoring an active response to AMR. Effective and commendably connected surveillance programs at multidisciplinary level can contribute to better understand and minimize the emergence of resistance. Besides, it requires a renewed emphasis on investments into research for finding alternate, safe, cost effective, and innovative strategies, parallel to discovery of new antibiotics. Nevertheless, numerous direct or indirect novel approaches based on host-microbial interaction and molecular mechanisms of pathogens are also being developed and corroborated by researchers to combat the threat of resistance. This review places a concerted effort to club the current outline of AMU and AMR in dairy animals; ongoing global surveillance and monitoring programs; its impact at animal human interface; and strategies for combating resistance with an extensive overview on possible alternates to current day antibiotics that could be implemented in livestock sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Sharma
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Namita Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Mudit Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Brij Pal Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Rohini Devidas Gulhane
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Pallab Ray
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
| | - Harsh Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India
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Ramees TP, Dhama K, Karthik K, Rathore RS, Kumar A, Saminathan M, Tiwari R, Malik YS, Singh RK. Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen, its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2017; 37:136-161. [PMID: 28438095 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1323355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter has emerged as an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing sometimes serious infections in humans and animals. Newer species of Arcobacter are being incessantly emerging (presently 25 species have been identified) with novel information on the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic diversity among different Arcobacter species. These have been reported from chickens, domestic animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, dogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes and chelonians), meat (poultry, pork, goat, lamb, beef, rabbit), vegetables and from humans in different countries. Arcobacters are implicated as causative agents of diarrhea, mastitis and abortion in animals, while causing bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. Three species including A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are predominantly associated with clinical conditions. Arcobacters are primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Identification of Arcobacter by biochemical tests is difficult and isolation remains the gold standard method. Current diagnostic advances have provided various molecular methods for efficient detection and differentiation of the Arcobacters at genus and species level. To overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance problem there is an essential need to explore the potential of novel and alternative therapies. Strengthening of the diagnostic aspects is also suggested as in most cases Arcobacters goes unnoticed and hence the exact epidemiological status remains uncertain. This review updates the current knowledge and many aspects of this important food-borne pathogen, namely etiology, evolution and emergence, genetic diversity, epidemiology, the disease in animals and humans, public health concerns, and advances in its diagnosis, prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thadiyam Puram Ramees
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- c Central University Laboratory , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - Ramswaroop Singh Rathore
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Mani Saminathan
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- d Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences , UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura , India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- e Division of Biological Standardization , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- f ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
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Yatoo MI, Dimri U, Gopalakrishnan A, Karthik K, Gopi M, Khandia R, Saminathan M, Saxena A, Alagawany M, Farag MR, Munjal A, Dhama K. Beneficial health applications and medicinal values of Pedicularis plants: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1301-1313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Bilal M, Rasheed T, Iqbal HMN, Hu H, Wang W, Zhang X. Macromolecular agents with antimicrobial potentialities: A drive to combat antimicrobial resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:554-574. [PMID: 28528940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) or multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a serious health concern and major challenging issue, worldwide. After decades of negligence, the AMR has now captured global attention. The increasing number of antibiotic-resistant strains has threatened the achievements of science and medicine since it inactivates conventional antimicrobial therapeutics. Scientists are trying to respond to AMR/MDR threat by exploring innovative platforms and new therapeutic strategies to tackle infections from these resistant strains and bypass treatment limitations related to these pathologies. The present review focuses on the utilization of bio-inspired novel constructs and their potential applications as novel antimicrobial agents. The first part of the review describes plant-based biological macromolecules containing an immense variety of secondary metabolites, which could be potentially used as alternative strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance. The second part discusses the potential of metal-based macromolecules as effective antimicrobial platforms for preventing infections from resistant strains. The third part comprehensively elucidates how nanoparticles, in particular, metal-integrated nanoparticles can overcome this AMR or MDR issue. Towards the end, information is given with critical concluding remarks, gaps, and finally envisioned with future considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Tahir Rasheed
- The School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., CP 64849, Mexico.
| | - Hongbo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Dhama K, Kumar N, Saminathan M, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Kumar MA, Palanivelu M, Shabbir MZ, Malik YS, Singh RK. Duck virus enteritis (duck plague) - a comprehensive update. Vet Q 2017; 37:57-80. [PMID: 28320263 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1298885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Duck virus enteritis (DVE), also called duck plague, is one of the major contagious and fatal diseases of ducks, geese and swan. It is caused by duck enteritis virus (DEV)/Anatid herpesvirus-1 of the genus Mardivirus, family Herpesviridae, and subfamily Alpha-herpesvirinae. Of note, DVE has worldwide distribution, wherein migratory waterfowl plays a crucial role in its transmission within and between continents. Furthermore, horizontal and/ or vertical transmission plays a significant role in disease spread through oral-fecal discharges. Either of sexes from varying age groups of ducks is vulnerable to DVE. The disease is characterized by sudden death, vascular damage and subsequent internal hemorrhage, lesions in lymphoid organs, digestive mucosal eruptions, severe diarrhea and degenerative lesions in parenchymatous organs. Huge economic losses are connected with acute nature of the disease, increased morbidity and mortality (5%-100%), condemnations of carcasses, decreased egg production and hatchability. Although clinical manifestations and histopathology can provide preliminary diagnosis, the confirmatory diagnosis involves virus isolation and detection using serological and molecular tests. For prophylaxis, both live-attenuated and killed vaccines are being used in broiler and breeder ducks above 2 weeks of age. Since DEV is capable of becoming latent as well as shed intermittently, recombinant subunit and DNA vaccines either alone or in combination (polyvalent) are being targeted for its benign prevention. This review describes DEV, epidemiology, transmission, the disease (DVE), pathogenesis, and advances in diagnosis, vaccination and antiviral agents/therapies along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- b National Center for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Center on Equines , Hisar , India
| | - Mani Saminathan
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- c Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences , Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- d Central University Laboratory , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - M Asok Kumar
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - M Palanivelu
- a Division of Pathology , ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- e Quality Operations Laboratory , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Lahore , Pakistan
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- f Division of Biological Standardization , ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Bareilly , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- g ICAR - Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India
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Tiwari R, Karthik K, Rana R, Singh Mali Y, Dhama K, Joshi SK. Quorum Sensing Inhibitors/antagonists Countering Food Spoilage Bacteria-need Molecular and Pharmaceutical Intervention for Protecting Current Issues of Food Safety. INT J PHARMACOL 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2016.262.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ezzat Abd El-Hack M, Alagawany M, Ragab Farag M, Tiwari R, Karthik K, Dhama K, Zorriehzahra J, Adel M. Beneficial impacts of thymol essential oil on health and production of animals, fish and poultry: a review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mayada Ragab Farag
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Uttar PradeshPandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidyalaya Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura (Uttar Pradesh) India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh), India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh) India
| | - Jalil Zorriehzahra
- Aquatic Animal Health & Diseases Department, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO),Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Milad Adel
- Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases Department, Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran
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