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Mao J, Ye W, Meng Z. The relationship between nonlinear viscoelasticity and baking performance in low-saturated puff pastry margarine. Food Chem 2024; 452:139436. [PMID: 38749144 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The oil phase obtained by blending and oleogel methods has potential for the production of non‑hydrogenated and low-saturated puff pastry margarine, thereby reducing intakes of both types of dietary fat. The crystal form, microstructure, rheology, and baking applications of puff pastry margarines prepared with anhydrous milk fat (AMF)/palm stearin (POs), POs/palm oil (PO), beef tallow (BT)/PO, or AMF/POs/diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono(di)glycerides (DATEM) oleogels were investigated using X-ray scattering, polarized light microscope, and rheometer, respectively. All margarines exhibited β'-form crystal and strongly viscoelastic at low strain. With the addition of DATEM oleogel, their crystal microstructure became more uniform and finer, and the croissants were less hard (1690) and chewiness (160). The chewiness of croissants produced using the margarines was significantly improved with POs content. The theoretical basis for preparation and application in non‑hydrogenated and low-saturated puff pastry margarine was provided in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Yao M, Chang L, Xu S, Zhang J, Li P, Tian B, Luo L, Yang D, Long Q, Zou X. Comparison of production performance and meat quality characteristics between Guizhou Black goats and F4 generation hybrids of South African Kalahari Goats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18608. [PMID: 39127724 PMCID: PMC11316849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study spanned 6 years and 4 generations, involving the progressive crossbreeding of South African Kalahari Goat (SK) and Guizhou Black Goat (GB) over three generations, followed by cross fixation F3 with F1 in the fourth generation, accompanied by the use of molecular markers technology to select a high fertility population, resulting in the creation of a hybrid goat, BKF4 (11/16 SK lineage and 5/16 GB lineage). A comparative evaluation of the BKF4 hybrid breed and its parental breeds was conducted. Reproductive and production parameters of GB, SK, and BKF4 goat groups were monitored, including lambing rate (LR), survival rate (SR), daily weight gain at 3 months of age (DWG), and adult body weight (ABW) (n = 110, 106, 112 per group). In addition, dressing percentage (DP) (n = 12 per group) and analyses of amino acids (n = 8, 6, 10 per group) and fatty acids (n = 6 per group) were conducted to evaluate meat quality indicators. Results: (1) Reproductive and production performance: The index of LR reached 199%, significantly higher than GB and SK (p ≤ 0.001), with a SR of 95.0%, markedly higher than SK (p ≤ 0.001); DWG was 276.5 g, ABW reached 56.6 kg and with a dressing percentage (DP) of 54.5%, they are significantly surpassing GB (p ≤ 0.001). (2) Regarding meat quality: pH45-value and crude protein content (CP) increased, while intramuscular fat content increased compared to GB and ash content decreased. The amino acid composition was similar to GB, but the taste was more similar to SK. However, there were some negative impacts on fatty acid composition and functionality. (3) PCA analysis revealed that: BKF4 exhibited superior meat quality compared to GB and SK, influenced by two key factors contributing 83.49% and 16.51% to the explained variance, respectively. The key factors affecting meat quality include intramuscular fat (IMF), nutrient index (NI), PUFAs/MUFAs, n-6FAs, and drip loss (DL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
- Guizhou Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guiyang, 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lingle Chang
- Institute of Agro-Bioengineering/Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences and College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 500025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Suyun Xu
- Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Guiyang, 550005, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guizhou Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guiyang, 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bing Tian
- Guizhou Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guiyang, 550018, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Danpin Yang
- Guizhou Kalahari Goat Breeding Company, Qianxinan, 562400, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qingmeng Long
- Guizhou Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guiyang, 550018, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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Yajima K, Chiba S, Park I, Ogata H, Kayaba M, Ishihara A, Tanaka Y, Simeng Z, Jaehoon S, Katakura M, Tokuyama K. Dietary palmitic acid to oleic acid ratio modulates energy metabolism and biological rhythms in young healthy Japanese males. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:447-460. [PMID: 37578022 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential role of the composition of dietary fatty acids in the regulation of biological rhythms, such as the sleep architecture, core body temperature and leukocyte clock gene expression, in subjects fed meals rich in palmitic acid (PA) or oleic acid (OA). Eleven males participated in two sessions of indirect calorimetry in a whole-room metabolic chamber. In each session, subjects consumed three meals rich in PA (44·3 % of total fat as PA and 42·3 % as OA) or OA (11·7 % of total fat as PA and 59·3 % as OA) in the metabolic chamber. The ratio of PA to OA in plasma was significantly lower and fat oxidation was significantly higher during 24 h of indirect calorimetry in the session with meals rich in OA than in that with meals rich in PA. The duration of slow wave sleep (SWS) was shorter, the latency of SWS was longer and the nadir of core body temperature after bedtime was later in the session with meals rich in PA than in that with meals rich in OA. The peak in CRY1 gene expression was earlier and its amplitude was higher in the session with meals rich in PA than in that with meals rich in OA. In healthy young males, meals rich in PA decreased fat oxidation and disrupted biological rhythms, particularly the sleep architecture and core body temperature during sleep, more than meals rich in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Yajima
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuto Chiba
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Insung Park
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ogata
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Momoko Kayaba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asuka Ishihara
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zhang Simeng
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seol Jaehoon
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH), Kanagawa, Japan
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Mason L, Connolly J, Devenney LE, Lacey K, O’Donovan J, Doherty R. Sleep, Nutrition, and Injury Risk in Adolescent Athletes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5101. [PMID: 38140360 PMCID: PMC10745648 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review explores the impact of sleep and nutrition on injury risk in adolescent athletes. Sleep is viewed as essential to the recuperation process and is distinguished as an active participant in recovery through its involvement in growth, repair, regeneration, and immunity. Furthermore, the literature has shown that the sleep of athletes impacts elements of athletic performance including both physical and cognitive performance, recovery, injury risk, and mental well-being. For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must meet an individual's sleep needs whilst also lasting for an adequate duration and being of adequate quality, which is age-dependent. The literature has suggested that athletes have increased sleep needs compared to those of the general population and thus the standard recommendations may not be sufficient for athletic populations. Therefore, a more individualised approach accounting for overall sleep health may be more appropriate for addressing sleep needs in individuals including athletes. The literature has demonstrated that adolescent athletes achieve, on average, ~6.3 h of sleep, demonstrating a discrepancy between sleep recommendations (8-10 h) and actual sleep achieved. Sleep-wake cycles undergo development during adolescence whereby adaptation occurs in sleep regulation during this phase. These adaptations increase sleep pressure tolerance and are driven by the maturation of physiological, psychological, and cognitive functioning along with delays in circadian rhythmicity, thus creating an environment for inadequate sleep during adolescence. As such, the adolescent period is a phase of rapid growth and maturation that presents multiple challenges to both sleep and nutrition; consequently, this places a significant burden on an adolescent athletes' ability to recover, thus increasing the likelihood of injury. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the available literature on the importance of sleep and nutrition interactions in injury risk in adolescent athletes. Furthermore, it provides foundations for informing further investigations exploring the relation of sleep and nutrition interactions to recovery during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcán Mason
- Sports Lab North West, Atlantic Technological University Donegal, Port Road, F92 FC93 Letterkenny, Ireland (R.D.)
| | - James Connolly
- Department of Computing, Atlantic Technological University Donegal, Port Road, F92 FC93 Letterkenny, Ireland
| | - Lydia E. Devenney
- Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Karl Lacey
- Sports Lab North West, Atlantic Technological University Donegal, Port Road, F92 FC93 Letterkenny, Ireland (R.D.)
| | - Jim O’Donovan
- DCU Glasnevin Campus, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue Extension, Dublin 9, D09 Y8VX Dublin, Ireland
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, Dublin 15, D15 Y52H Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rónán Doherty
- Sports Lab North West, Atlantic Technological University Donegal, Port Road, F92 FC93 Letterkenny, Ireland (R.D.)
- Sport Ireland Institute, National Sport Campus, Abbotstown, Dublin 15, D15 Y52H Dublin, Ireland
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Li W, Huang G, Tang N, Lu P, Jiang L, Lv J, Qin Y, Lin Y, Xu F, Lei D. Identification of dietary components in association with abdominal aortic calcification. Food Funct 2023; 14:8383-8395. [PMID: 37609915 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02920d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The precise impact of dietary components on vascular health remains incompletely understood. To identify the dietary components and their associations with abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), the data from NHANES was employed in this cross-sectional study. The LASSO method and logistic regression were utilized to identify dietary components that exhibited the strongest association with AAC. Grouped WQS regression analysis was employed to evaluate the combined effects of dietary components on AAC. Furthermore, principal component analysis was employed to identify the primary dietary patterns in the study population. The present analysis included 1862 participants, from whom information on 35 dietary macro- and micronutrient components was obtained through 24-hour dietary recall interviews. The assessment of AAC was performed utilizing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The LASSO method identified 10 dietary components that were associated with AAC. Total protein, total fiber, vitamin A, and β-cryptoxanthin exhibited a negative association with AAC. Compared to the first quartile, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) for the highest quartile were 0.59 (0.38, 0.93), 0.63 (0.42, 0.93), 0.59 (0.41, 0.84), and 0.68 (0.48, 0.94), respectively. Grouped WQS regression demonstrated a positive association between the lipid group and AAC (aOR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.50), while the proteins and phytochemical group exhibited a negative association with AAC (aOR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.82). For the dietary pattern analysis, high adherence to the plant-based pattern (aOR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.88) was associated with a lower risk of AAC, whereas the caffeine and theobromine pattern (aOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.41) was associated with a higher risk of AAC. The findings of this study indicate that adopting a dietary pattern characterized by high levels of protein and plant-based foods, as well as reduced levels of fat, may offers potential advantages for the prevention of AAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guangyi Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ningning Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanjun Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunru Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daizai Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Institute of Ophthalmic Diseases, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health & Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Related Systemic Diseases Artificial Intelligence Screening Technology, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China.
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Pepe RB, Lottenberg AM, Fujiwara CTH, Beyruti M, Cintra DE, Machado RM, Rodrigues A, Jensen NSO, Caldas APS, Fernandes AE, Rossoni C, Mattos F, Motarelli JHF, Bressan J, Saldanha J, Beda LMM, Lavrador MSF, Del Bosco M, Cruz P, Correia PE, Maximino P, Pereira S, Faria SL, Piovacari SMF. Position statement on nutrition therapy for overweight and obesity: nutrition department of the Brazilian association for the study of obesity and metabolic syndrome (ABESO-2022). Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:124. [PMID: 37296485 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease resulting from multifactorial causes mainly related to lifestyle (sedentary lifestyle, inadequate eating habits) and to other conditions such as genetic, hereditary, psychological, cultural, and ethnic factors. The weight loss process is slow and complex, and involves lifestyle changes with an emphasis on nutritional therapy, physical activity practice, psychological interventions, and pharmacological or surgical treatment. Because the management of obesity is a long-term process, it is essential that the nutritional treatment contributes to the maintenance of the individual's global health. The main diet-related causes associated with excess weight are the high consumption of ultraprocessed foods, which are high in fats, sugars, and have high energy density; increased portion sizes; and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and grains. In addition, some situations negatively interfere with the weight loss process, such as fad diets that involve the belief in superfoods, the use of teas and phytotherapics, or even the avoidance of certain food groups, as has currently been the case for foods that are sources of carbohydrates. Individuals with obesity are often exposed to fad diets and, on a recurring basis, adhere to proposals with promises of quick solutions, which are not supported by the scientific literature. The adoption of a dietary pattern combining foods such as grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, and vegetables, associated with an energy deficit, is the nutritional treatment recommended by the main international guidelines. Moreover, an emphasis on behavioral aspects including motivational interviewing and the encouragement for the individual to develop skills will contribute to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Therefore, this Position Statement was prepared based on the analysis of the main randomized controlled studies and meta-analyses that tested different nutrition interventions for weight loss. Topics in the frontier of knowledge such as gut microbiota, inflammation, and nutritional genomics, as well as the processes involved in weight regain, were included in this document. This Position Statement was prepared by the Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), with the collaboration of dietitians from research and clinical fields with an emphasis on strategies for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Bressan Pepe
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Laboratório de Lipides (LIM10), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Nutrition Department of the Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), Rua Mato Grosso 306 - cj 1711, Sao Paulo, SP, 01239-040, Brazil.
| | - Clarissa Tamie Hiwatashi Fujiwara
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica Beyruti
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Centro de Estudos em Lipídios e Nutrigenômica - CELN - University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Rodrigues
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Sanchez Oliveira Jensen
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ariana Ester Fernandes
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina Rossoni
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Mattos
- Programa de Obesidade e Cirurgia Bariátrica do Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho da UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Fabiano Motarelli
- Núcleo de Estudos e Extensão em Comportamento Alimentar e Obesidade (NEPOCA) da Universidade de São Paulo - FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lis Mie Masuzawa Beda
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Sílvia Ferrari Lavrador
- Liga Acadêmica de Controle de Diabetes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Del Bosco
- Brazilian Association for the Study of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (ABESO), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cruz
- Grupo de Obesidade e Sindrome Metabolica, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Maximino
- Instituto PENSI - Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setúbal, Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setúbal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Pereira
- Núcleo de Saúde Alimentar da Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Bariátrica e Metabólica, São Paulo, Brazil
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Replacing Fish Meal with Hydrolyzed Collagen Derived from Fish By-Products Improved Muscle Quality and Glycolipid Metabolism of Triploid Crucian Carp. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061235. [PMID: 36981161 PMCID: PMC10048121 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish by-products are rich in collagen. Hydrolyzed collagen derived from fish by-products was used to replace fish meal to evaluate the effects on muscle quality and glycolipid metabolism of juvenile triploid crucian carp. A total of 240 juvenile fish with body weight of 10.01 ± 0.02 g were divided into four groups and fed four diets for 66 days: fish meal (FM) replaced with hydrolyzed collagen (HC) in 0% (Control), 2% (2% HC), 4% (4% HC), and 6% (6% HC), respectively. The results were as follows: The increased proportion of fish meal replaced with hydrolyzed collagen linearly and quadratically decreased the specific growth rate (SGR) of triploid crucian carp (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the SGR and intestinal α-amylase, trypsin and lipase activities in the 4% and 6% HC groups significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the control and 2% HC groups (p > 0.05). Total umami amino acids content, chewiness and myofiber density of muscle in the 4% and 6% HC groups, as well as the essential fatty acids content in all HC groups increased significantly (p < 0.05). All HC groups significantly increased the serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and decreased the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p < 0.05). When the replacement amount reached 4%, the serum glucose and liver glycogen content, the liver and serum triglyceride (TG) content, and serum total cholesterol (T-CHO) content were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). In addition, the expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) of the liver in all HC groups and lipolysis-related genes (lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT 1) and hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (HADH)) of the liver in the 6% of HC group increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the expression levels of lipogenesis-related genes (fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP 1)) of the liver in the 4% HC and 6% HC groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the replacement of 2% fish meal with hydrolyzed collagen had no negative effects on the growth of triploid crucian carp, while the replacement of 4% fish meal with hydrolyzed collagen decreased SGR, but improved the muscle quality and decreased glycolipid levels. The maximum proportion of hydrolyzed collagen replacing fish meal should not exceed 4%.
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Classification of Common Food Lipid Sources Regarding Healthiness Using Advanced Lipidomics: A Four-Arm Crossover Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054941. [PMID: 36902372 PMCID: PMC10003363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prospective studies have failed to establish a causal relationship between animal fat intake and cardiovascular diseases in humans. Furthermore, the metabolic effects of different dietary sources remain unknown. In this four-arm crossover study, we investigated the impact of consuming cheese, beef, and pork meat on classic and new cardiovascular risk markers (obtained from lipidomics) in the context of a healthy diet. A total of 33 young healthy volunteers (23 women/10 men) were assigned to one out of four test diets in a Latin square design. Each test diet was consumed for 14 days, with a 2-week washout. Participants received a healthy diet plus Gouda- or Goutaler-type cheeses, pork, or beef meats. Before and after each diet, fasting blood samples were withdrawn. A reduction in total cholesterol and an increase in high density lipoprotein particle size were detected after all diets. Only the pork diet upregulated plasma unsaturated fatty acids and downregulated triglycerides species. Improvements in the lipoprotein profile and upregulation of circulating plasmalogen species were also observed after the pork diet. Our study suggests that, within the context of a healthy diet rich in micronutrients and fiber, the consumption of animal products, in particular pork meat, may not induce deleterious effects, and reducing the intake of animal products should not be regarded as a way of reducing cardiovascular risk in young individuals.
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Valk R, Hammill J, Grip J. Saturated fat: villain and bogeyman in the development of cardiovascular disease? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2312-2321. [PMID: 36059207 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death. For decades, the conventional wisdom has been that the consumption of saturated fat (SFA) undermines cardiovascular health, clogs the arteries, increases risk of CVD, and leads to heart attacks. It is timely to investigate whether this claim holds up to scientific scrutiny. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss recent scientific evidence on the association between dietary SFA and CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2021 on the association between SFA consumption and CVD risk and outcomes. A review was conducted examining observational studies and prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, and long-term RCTs. Collectively, neither observational studies, prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have conclusively established a significant association between SFA in the diet and subsequent cardiovascular risk and coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, or mortality nor a benefit of reducing dietary SFAs on CVD rick, events, and mortality. Beneficial effects of replacement of SFA by polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat or carbohydrates remain elusive. CONCLUSION Findings from the studies reviewed in this paper indicate that the consumption of SFA is not significantly associated with CVD risk, events, or mortality. Based on the scientific evidence, there is no scientific ground to demonize SFA as a cause of CVD. SFA naturally occurring in nutrient-dense foods can be safely included in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimara Valk
- American University in Dubai, Media City, P.O. Box 28282, Dubai, UAE
| | - James Hammill
- Trident Elite Training, Old Faculty Housing, Block B, Apt. 102, Media City, Dubai,UAE
| | - Jonas Grip
- IMI International Management Institute & University Centre, Zumhofweg 2, 6010 Kriens, Lucerne, Switzerland
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10
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The Effect of Short-Wavelength White LED Illumination throughout the Night on the Milk Fatty Acid Profile of High-Yielding Dairy Cows. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121799. [PMID: 36552308 PMCID: PMC9775544 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid levels in milk vary between day and night milking. Many dairy cows are still kept under white light-emitting diode (W-LED) illumination throughout the night, although it is known to disrupt endogenous circadian rhythms. We investigated the effects of whole-night W-LED illumination (125 lux) on milk yield and circadian composition, compared to a natural light−dark (LD) cycle of 10 h light. Mid−late lactation cows (n = 34) that were exposed to natural LD cycle showed circadian variation in milk fat composition, characterized by higher health-promoting monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; 24.2 ± 0.4 vs. 23.2 ± 0.4 g/100 g fat, p < 0.001) and lower saturated fatty acid levels (71.2 ± 0.4 vs. 72.5 ± 0.4, p < 0.001) at 13:30 h (day milk) than at 03:30 h (night milk). Compared to natural LD (n = 16), W-LED (n = 18) did not affect milk production or milk fat yields, yet abolished the milking time variation in milk fat composition towards a less healthy fatty acid profile. This lowered MUFA levels of day milk (23.8 ± 0.4 vs. 26.7 ± 0.4, p < 0.01). Therefore, W-LED has no commercial advantage over the tested natural LD cycle, and conversely, even shows circadian disruption. Accordingly, a natural LD cycle of 10 h light is preferable over W-LED from the perspective of cost savings, the cows’ well-being, and preserving the natural milk fat profile, as the nutritional value of the day milk is slightly higher.
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11
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Effect of Cheese Intake on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cardiovascular Biomarkers. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142936. [PMID: 35889893 PMCID: PMC9318947 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A growing number of cohort studies revealed an inverse association between cheese intake and cardiovascular diseases, yet the causal relationship is unclear. Objective: To assess the causal relationship between cheese intake, and cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular biomarkers. Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on publicly available genome-wide association studies was employed to infer the causal relationship. The effect estimates were calculated using the random-effects inverse-variance-weighted method. Results: Cheese intake per standard deviation increase causally reduced the risks of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.34–0.63; p = 1.02 × 10−6), heart failure (OR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49–0.79; p = 0.0001), coronary heart disease (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53–0.79; p = 2.01 × 10−5), hypertension (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.53–0.84; p = 0.001), and ischemic stroke (OR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63–0.91; p = 0.003). Suggestive evidence of an inverse association between cheese intake and peripheral artery disease was also observed. No associations were observed for atrial fibrillation, cardiac death, pulmonary embolism, or transient ischemic attack. The better prognosis associated with cheese intake may be explained by lower body mass index (BMI; effect estimate = −0.58; 95% CI, from −0.88 to −0.27; p = 0.0002), waist circumference (effect estimate = −0.49; 95% CI, from −0.76 to −0.23; p = 0.0003), triglycerides (effect estimate = −0.33; 95% CI, from −0.50 to −0.17; p = 4.91 × 10−5), and fasting glucose (effect estimate = −0.20; 95% CI, from −0.33 to −0.07; p = 0.0003). There was suggestive evidence of a positive association between cheese intake and high-density lipoprotein. No influences were observed for blood pressure or inflammation biomarkers. Conclusions: This two-sample MR analysis found causally inverse associations between cheese intake and type 2 diabetes, heart failure, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and ischemic stroke.
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12
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Evaluation of the Effect of Elite Jojoba Lines on the Chemical Properties of their Seed Oil. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123904. [PMID: 35745025 PMCID: PMC9231140 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Jojoba oil (JO) extracted from seeds has outstanding properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities, and can be stored forlong periodsof time. The unique properties of jojoba oil depend on its chemical composition; therefore, the effect of the jojoba genotype on the chemical properties and active components of the seed oil was evaluated in this study. Oil samples were collected from 15 elite Egyptian jojoba lines. The chemical composition, such as moisture, crude fiber, crude oil, ash, and crude protein of elite lines’ seeds was determined to investigate the variation among them based on the jojoba genotype. In addition, the iodine value was obtained to measure the degree of jojoba oil unsaturation, whereas the peroxide number was determined as an indicator of the damage level in jojoba oil. Fatty acid composition was studied to compare elite jojoba lines. Fatty acid profiles varied significantly depending on the jojoba genotype. Gadoleic acid exhibited the highest percentage value (67.85–75.50%) in the extracted jojoba oil, followed by erucic acid (12.60–14.81%) and oleic acid (7.86–10.99%). The iodine value, peroxide number, and fatty acid composition of the tested elite jojoba lines were compared withthose reported by the International Jojoba Export Council (IJEC). The results showed that the chemical properties of jojoba oils varied significantly, depending on the jojoba genotype.
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13
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Valencia FP, Marino AF, Noutsos C, Poon K. Concentration-dependent change in hypothalamic neuronal transcriptome by the dietary fatty acids: oleic and palmitic acids. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 106:109033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Tuccinardi D, Di Mauro A, Lattanzi G, Rossini G, Monte L, Beato I, Spiezia C, Bravo M, Watanabe M, Soare A, Kyanvash S, Armirotti A, Bertozzi SM, Gastaldelli A, Pedone C, Khazrai YM, Pozzilli P, Manfrini S. An extra virgin olive oil-enriched chocolate spread positively modulates insulin-resistance markers compared with a palm oil-enriched one in healthy young adults: A double-blind, cross-over, randomised controlled trial. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3492. [PMID: 34435429 PMCID: PMC9286378 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate if extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or palm oil enriched chocolate spreads consumption leads to different results in terms of plasma ceramides concentration, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory markers and appetite regulation in young healthy subjects. METHODS In a 2-week, double-blind, cross-over, randomised controlled trial, 20 healthy, normal-weight subjects with a mean age of 24.2 years (SD: 1.2), consumed chocolate spread snacks (73% of energy [%E] from fat, 20% from carbohydrates and 7% from proteins), providing 570 Kcal/day added to an isocaloric diet. The chocolate spreads were identical, except for the type of fat: EVOO oil, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), or palm oil, rich in Saturated Fatty Acids (SFAs). RESULTS EVOO-enriched chocolate spread consumption led to better circulating sphingolipids and glucose profile, with reduced plasma ceramide C16:0, ceramide C16:0/ceramide C22:0-ceramide C24:0 ratio and sphingomyelin C18:0 (P = 0.030, P= 0.032 and P = 0.042, respectively) compared to the palm oil-enriched chocolate spread diet. HOMA-IR and plasma insulin were lower, while the Quicki and the McAuley Index were higher after the EVOO diet compared to the palm oil diet (P = 0.046, P = 0.045, P = 0.018 and P = 0.039 respectively). Subjects maintained a stable weight throughout the study. No major significant changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, inflammatory markers, and appetite-regulating hormones/visual analogue scale were observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Partially replacing SFAs with MUFAs in a chocolate-based snack as part of a short-term isocaloric diet in healthy individuals may limit SFAs detrimental effects on insulin sensitivity and decrease circulating harmful sphingolipids in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Tuccinardi
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Di Mauro
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Greta Lattanzi
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giovanni Rossini
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lavinia Monte
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Ivan Beato
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Chiara Spiezia
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Maria Bravo
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental MedicineSection of Medical PathophysiologyFood Science and EndocrinologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Andreea Soare
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Shadi Kyanvash
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry LabFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenovaItaly
| | | | | | - Claudio Pedone
- Department of MedicineUnit of GeriatricsBiomedical Campus of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Yeganeh Manon Khazrai
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
- Centre of ImmunobiologyBarts and London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Department of MedicineUnit of Endocrinology and DiabetesCampus Bio‐Medico of RomeRomeItaly
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15
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Fatty acid composition of Iranian sweetened confectionery creams, with an emphasis on trans fatty acids. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Junior MSFS, de Souza KA, de Jesus Almeida B, de Araújo FL, da Silva CS, de Oliveira APD, Cardoso CAL, de Tonissi E Buschinelli de Goes RH, Bagaldo AR. Mesquite pod (Prosopis juliflora) meal on meat quality of pasture-finishing lambs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 54:7. [PMID: 34890009 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to validate the inclusion of up to 750 g/kg of mesquite pod (Prosopis juliflora) meal in the diet and evaluate the effects on carcass characteristics and meat quality for lambs finished in pasture. Forty male, non-castrated, crossbred Santa Inês lambs, with an initial body weight (24.2 ± 3.1 kg), and approximately 120 days old were used. The animals were kept in a total area of 4 ha, divided in four paddocks of 0.62 ha each (10 animals/paddocks), on pastures of Massai (Panicum maximum cv. Massai) with drinkers and feeders during the finishing phase. Dietary treatments based on mesquite pod meal inclusion levels (g/kg of dry matter): CON, without mesquite pod meal; MPM25, 250 g/kg of mesquite pod meal; MPM50, 500 g/kg of mesquite pod meal; and MPM75, 750 g/kg of mesquite pod meal. No treatment effect were detected (P > 0.05) for carcass measures, carcass characteristics, chemical composition of longissimus thoracis muscle, tissue composition, and lipid oxidation. Lamb meat color values, such as lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*), were not affected (P > 0.05) by mesquite pod meal inclusion on the diets, whereas for redness (a*), HUE-angle, and chroma were influenced (P < 0.05). Palmitic acid had a quadratic effect, while oleic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and PUFA:SFA had a linear course (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the mesquite pod meal can be used as an energy feed source up to 750 g/kg of dry matter in the diet, without changing the carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs finished in pasture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kennyson Alves de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Environmental and Biological, Universidade Federal Do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil.
| | - Bruna de Jesus Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, Environmental and Biological, Universidade Federal Do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Lana de Araújo
- Department of Animal Science, Environmental and Biological, Universidade Federal Do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Patricia David de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Environmental and Biological, Universidade Federal Do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Regina Bagaldo
- Department of Animal Science, Environmental and Biological, Universidade Federal Do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
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17
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Ibrahim D, Kishawy ATY, Khater SI, Khalifa E, Ismail TA, Mohammed HA, Elnahriry SS, Tolba HA, Sherief WRIA, Farag MFM, El-Hamid MIA. Interactive effects of dietary quercetin nanoparticles on growth, flesh antioxidant capacity and transcription of cytokines and Aeromonas hydrophila quorum sensing orchestrating genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:478-489. [PMID: 34699975 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the concept of incorporating natural products into nanocarriers has been intended to promote fish growth and health via modulating their stability and bioavailability. In this concern, the potential role of reformulated quercetin into nanocarriers was examined, for the first time, on Nile tilapia's performance and immunity, flesh quality and antioxidant indices and disease resistance. Five hundred fish assigned into five experimental groups with formulated diets containing quercetin nanoparticles (QT-NPs) at levels of 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) after 12 weeks feeding trial. Fish final body weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly maximized in groups enriched with 300 and 400 mg/kg of QT-NPs. Significant reduction in total saturated fatty acids and an elevation in polyunsaturated fatty acids' contents were noticed in fish fed higher QT-NPs doses. The levels of Hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, the markers of meat antioxidant capacity, were reduced by higher inclusion levels of QT-NPs. Accordingly, serum activities and transcriptional levels of GSH-Px, CAT and SOD genes were increased with elevated QT-NPs levels. Immune responses mediated by upregulation of IL-10 and TGF-β and downregulation of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α mRNA levels were found to be positively affected by QT-NPs. Dietary QT-NPs downregulated the expression of ahyI and ahyR quorum sensing genes conferring protection against A. hydrophila challenge. This study concluded that supplementation of quercetin in encapsulated nanoparticles could improve its efficacy making it as a compelling approach to improve fish performance and as a promising drug candidate against A. hydrophila virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa T Y Kishawy
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Safaa I Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, 51511, Egypt
| | - Tamer Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haiam A Mohammed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shimaa S Elnahriry
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menofia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Heba A Tolba
- Department of Fish Health and Management, Central Laboratory of Aquaculture Research (CLAR), AboHamad, Egypt, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Egypt
| | - Wafaa R I A Sherief
- Department of Animal Wealth Development, Animal Breeding and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F M Farag
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa I Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Izar MCDO, Giraldez VZR, Bertolami A, Santos Filho RDD, Lottenberg AM, Assad MHV, Saraiva JFK, Chacra APM, Martinez TLR, Bahia LR, Fonseca FAH, Faludi AA, Sposito AC, Chagas ACP, Jannes CE, Amaral CK, Araújo DBD, Cintra DE, Coutinho EDR, Cesena F, Xavier HT, Mota ICP, Giuliano IDCB, Faria Neto JR, Kato JT, Bertolami MC, Miname MH, Castelo MHCG, Lavrador MSF, Machado RM, Souza PGD, Alves RJ, Machado VA, Salgado Filho W. Update of the Brazilian Guideline for Familial Hypercholesterolemia - 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:782-844. [PMID: 34709306 PMCID: PMC8528358 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha Giraldez
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Grupo Fleury, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10), São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Ana Paula M Chacra
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrei C Sposito
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Cinthia Elim Jannes
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Cesena
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcio Hiroshi Miname
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Maria Helane Costa Gurgel Castelo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE - Brasil
- Hospital do Coração de Messejana, Fortaleza, CE - Brasil
- Professora da Faculdade Unichristus, Fortaleza, CE - Brasil
| | - Maria Sílvia Ferrari Lavrador
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10), São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Patrícia Guedes de Souza
- Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA - Brasil
| | | | | | - Wilson Salgado Filho
- Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
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Fardet A, Lebredonchel L, Rock E. Empirico-inductive and/or hypothetico-deductive methods in food science and nutrition research: which one to favor for a better global health? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2480-2493. [PMID: 34494476 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1976101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Scientific research generally follows two main methods: empirico-inductive (EI), gathering scattered, real-world qualitative/quantitative data to elaborate holistic theories, and the hypothetico-deductive (HD) approach, testing the validity of hypothesized theory in specific conditions, generally according to reductionist methodologies or designs, with the risk of over simplifying the initial complexity empirically perceived in its holistic view. However, in current food and nutrition research, new hypotheses are often elaborated from reductionist data obtained with the HD approach, and aggregated to form (ultra)reductionist theories, with no application of EI observations, limiting the applicability of these hypotheses in real life. This trend and the application of the EI method are illustrated as regards with the global health issue through the examples of food classifications/scoring, clinical studies, the definition of a sustainable diet, the "matrix effect"-related hypothesis, the concept of healthy core metabolism, and obesity prevention within the perspective of social sciences. To be efficient for producing food and nutritional data appropriable by the society, it finally appears that not only both approaches are necessary, starting with the EI method then the HD one, but also a back and forth between the two, this being not always realized, potentially leading to confusion and misunderstanding in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Louis Lebredonchel
- CERREV - Centre de Recherche Risques & Vulnérabilités - EA 3918 Université de Caen Normandie MRSH, Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Edmond Rock
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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20
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Rajendiran E, Lamarche B, She Y, Ramprasath V, Eck P, Brassard D, Gigleux I, Levy E, Tremblay A, Couture P, House JD, Jones PJH, Desmarchelier C. A combination of single nucleotide polymorphisms is associated with the interindividual variability in the blood lipid response to dietary fatty acid consumption in a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:564-577. [PMID: 33871574 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood lipid concentrations display high interindividual variability in response to dietary interventions, partly due to genetic factors. Existing studies have focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analyzed individually, which only explain a limited fraction of the variability of these complex phenotypes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify combinations of SNPs associated with the variability in LDL cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentration changes following 5 dietary interventions. DESIGN In a multicenter randomized crossover trial, 92 participants with elevated waist circumference and low HDL cholesterol concentrations consumed 5 isoenergetic diets for 4 wk: a diet rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) from cheese, SFA from butter, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and a diet higher in carbohydrates (CHO). The association between 22 candidate SNPs in genes involved in lipid and bile acid metabolism and transport and changes in LDL cholesterol and TG concentrations was assessed with univariate statistics followed by partial least squares regression. RESULTS Endpoint LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly different (cheese: 3.18 ± 0.04, butter: 3.31 ± 0.04, MUFA: 3.00 ± 0.04, PUFA: 2.81 ± 0.04, CHO: 3.11 ± 0.04 mmol/L; P < 0.001) while endpoint TG concentrations were not (P = 0.117). Both displayed consistently elevated interindividual variability following the dietary interventions (CVs of 34.5 ± 2.2% and 55.8 ± 1.8%, respectively). Among the 22 candidate SNPs, only ABCA1-rs2066714 and apolipoprotein E (APOE) isoforms exhibited consistent significant effects, namely on LDL cholesterol concentrations. However, several SNPs were significantly associated with changes in LDL cholesterol and TG concentrations in a diet-specific fashion. Generated multivariate models explained from 16.0 to 33.6% of the interindividual variability in LDL cholesterol concentration changes and from 17.5 to 32.0% of that in TG concentration changes. CONCLUSIONS We report combinations of SNPs associated with a significant part of the variability in LDL cholesterol and TG concentrations following dietary interventions differing in their fatty acid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethendhar Rajendiran
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yongbo She
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vanu Ramprasath
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter Eck
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Didier Brassard
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Iris Gigleux
- École de nutrition, Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - James D House
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals (RCFFN), Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Nutritional Fundamentals for Health Inc, Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Liang Y, Zhang Z, Tu J, Wang Z, Gao X, Deng K, El-Samahy MA, You P, Fan Y, Wang F. γ-Linolenic Acid Prevents Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Palmitic Acid-Treated Alpha Mouse Liver-12 Cells by Balancing Autophagy and Apoptosis via the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8257-8267. [PMID: 34281337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fat deposition is the main character in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while γ-linolenic acid (GLA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that can reduce lipid deposition. This study investigated the effect and regulatory mechanism of GLA (100 μM) on lipid metabolism in alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cells treated by 400 μM palmitic acid (PA). GLA reduced lipid content and increased fatty acid β oxidation, as indicated by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol contents and increasing mRNA and protein expressions of CPT1α and PPARα. GLA relieved oxidative stress caused by PA, upregulated mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased reactive oxygen species content. GLA reduced apoptosis, as indicated by decreases in the BAX/BCL2 expression level and apoptosis percentage. GLA activated autophagy, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and LKB1-AMPK-mTOR signaling and upregulated mRNA and protein expressions of Beclin-1, autophagy-related 5, and liver kinase B1 (LKB1). These effects of GLA on lipid metabolism disorders of PA-treated hepatocytes were reversed by autophagy inhibitor 3MA and AMPK inhibitor compound C, confirming our conclusions. Overall, GLA can protect AML-12 cells from lipid metabolism disorder caused by PA via balancing autophagy and apoptosis mediated by the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway. Consequently, GLA, as a dietary supplement, can help to prevent and treat NAFLD by regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxu Liang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Jiayu Tu
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zhibo Wang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - M A El-Samahy
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Peihua You
- Portal Agri-Industries Co., Ltd., Xingdian Street, Pikou District, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Goats and Sheep Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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Liang Q, Fang H, Liu J, Zhang B, Bao Y, Hou W, Yang KQ. Analysis of the nutritional components in the kernels of yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge) accessions. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Tsaban G, Yaskolka Meir A, Rinott E, Zelicha H, Kaplan A, Shalev A, Katz A, Rudich A, Tirosh A, Shelef I, Youngster I, Lebovitz S, Israeli N, Shabat M, Brikner D, Pupkin E, Stumvoll M, Thiery J, Ceglarek U, Heiker JT, Körner A, Landgraf K, von Bergen M, Blüher M, Stampfer MJ, Shai I. The effect of green Mediterranean diet on cardiometabolic risk; a randomised controlled trial. Heart 2021; 107:1054-1061. [PMID: 33234670 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Mediterranean diet is favourable for cardiometabolic risk. OBJECTIVE To examine the residual effect of a green Mediterranean diet, further enriched with green plant-based foods and lower meat intake, on cardiometabolic risk. METHODS For the DIRECT-PLUS parallel, randomised clinical trial we assigned individuals with abdominal obesity/dyslipidaemia 1:1:1 into three diet groups: healthy dietary guidance (HDG), Mediterranean and green Mediterranean diet, all combined with physical activity. The Mediterranean diets were equally energy restricted and included 28 g/day walnuts. The green Mediterranean diet further included green tea (3-4 cups/day) and a Wolffia globosa (Mankai strain; 100 g/day frozen cubes) plant-based protein shake, which partially substituted animal protein. We examined the effect of the 6-month dietary induction weight loss phase on cardiometabolic state. RESULTS Participants (n=294; age 51 years; body mass index 31.3 kg/m2; waist circumference 109.7 cm; 88% men; 10 year Framingham risk score 4.7%) had a 6-month retention rate of 98.3%. Both Mediterranean diets achieved similar weight loss ((green Mediterranean -6.2 kg; Mediterranean -5.4 kg) vs the HDG group -1.5 kg; p<0.001), but the green Mediterranean group had a greater reduction in waist circumference (-8.6 cm) than the Mediterranean (-6.8 cm; p=0.033) and HDG (-4.3 cm; p<0.001) groups. Stratification by gender showed that these differences were significant only among men. Within 6 months the green Mediterranean group achieved greater decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; green Mediterranean -6.1 mg/dL (-3.7%), -2.3 (-0.8%), HDG -0.2 mg/dL (+1.8%); p=0.012 between extreme groups), diastolic blood pressure (green Mediterranean -7.2 mm Hg, Mediterranean -5.2 mm Hg, HDG -3.4 mm Hg; p=0.005 between extreme groups), and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (green Mediterranean -0.77, Mediterranean -0.46, HDG -0.27; p=0.020 between extreme groups). The LDL-C/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio decline was greater in the green Mediterranean group (-0.38) than in the Mediterranean (-0.21; p=0.021) and HDG (-0.14; p<0.001) groups. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein reduction was greater in the green Mediterranean group (-0.52 mg/L) than in the Mediterranean (-0.24 mg/L; p=0.023) and HDG (-0.15 mg/L; p=0.044) groups. The green Mediterranean group achieved a better improvement (-3.7% absolute risk reduction) in the 10-year Framingham Risk Score (Mediterranean-2.3%; p=0.073, HDG-1.4%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The green MED diet, supplemented with walnuts, green tea and Mankai and lower in meat/poultry, may amplify the beneficial cardiometabolic effects of Mediterranean diet. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no NCT03020186.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Kaplan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aryeh Shalev
- Department of Cardiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amos Katz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Amir Tirosh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ilan Youngster
- Center for Microbiome Research, Yitzhak Shamir Medical Center Assaf Harofeh, Zerifin, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Lebovitz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Noa Israeli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - May Shabat
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Dov Brikner
- Department of Medicine, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Efrat Pupkin
- Department of Medicine, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Uta Ceglarek
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Martin von Bergen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Qureshi S, Bibi N, Ahmed J, Khan MJ. Computational screening of pathogenic non-synonymous SNPs of the human TEX11 gene and their structural and functional consequences. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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25
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Lawrence GD. Perspective: The Saturated Fat-Unsaturated Oil Dilemma: Relations of Dietary Fatty Acids and Serum Cholesterol, Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, Cancer, and All-Cause Mortality. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:647-656. [PMID: 33693484 PMCID: PMC8166560 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PUFAs are known to regulate cholesterol synthesis and cellular uptake by multiple mechanisms that do not involve SFAs. Polymorphisms in any of the numerous proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis, as a result of genetic variation, could lead to higher or lower serum cholesterol. PUFAs are susceptible to lipid peroxidation, which can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cancer, and disorders associated with inflammation, such as insulin resistance, arthritis, and numerous inflammatory syndromes. Eicosanoids from arachidonic acid are among the most powerful mediators that initiate an immune response, and a wide range of PUFA metabolites regulate numerous physiological processes. There is a misconception that dietary SFAs can cause inflammation, although endogenous palmitic acid is converted to ceramides and other cell constituents involved in an inflammatory response after it is initiated by lipid mediators derived from PUFAs. This article will discuss the many misconceptions regarding how dietary lipids regulate serum cholesterol, the fact that all-cause death rate is higher in humans with low compared with normal or moderately elevated serum total cholesterol, the numerous adverse effects of increasing dietary PUFAs or carbohydrate relative to SFAs, as well as metabolic conversion of PUFAs to SFAs and MUFAs as a protective mechanism. Consequently, dietary saturated fats seem to be less harmful than the proposed alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen D Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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26
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Red Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) Seed Oil: A Review. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050944. [PMID: 34065144 PMCID: PMC8151122 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed oil (RSO) is considered as a source of high value bioactive compounds as fatty acids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, carotenoids, flavonoids, phytosterols, antioxidants, monoterpenes and many other chemical constituents. These compounds are appreciated as a source of nutrition for humans, as additives in cosmetic production, has immense therapeutic potential. Raspberry seed oil exerts many pharmacological effects included antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity and many other effects. The various databases like PubMed and Science Direct were used to identify, analyze and summarize the research literature on raspberries. This review will highlight recent developments of the chemical constituents and nutraceutical and cosmetical effects of RSO. Practical application: analyzed recent researches and international patents containing raspberry seed oil can help practitioners of various industries create new high-value products.
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27
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Fructo-Oligosaccharides and Pectins Enhance Beneficial Effects of Raspberry Polyphenols in Rats with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030833. [PMID: 33802455 PMCID: PMC8001257 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disorders have become one of the most common liver pathologies; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the dietary compounds that may support the regulation of liver metabolism and related inflammatory processes. The present study examines the effect of raspberry polyphenolic extract (RE) combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs) or pectins (PECs) on caecal microbial fermentation, liver lipid metabolism and inflammation in rats with fatty liver induced by an obesogenic diet. The combination of RE with FOSs or PECs reduced the production of short-chain fatty acids in the caecum. RE combined with FOSs exerted the most favourable effects on liver lipid metabolism by decreasing liver fat, cholesterol, triglyceride content and hepatic steatosis. RE and FOSs reduced lobular and portal inflammatory cell infiltration and IL-6 plasma levels. These effects might be related to a decrease in the hepatic expressions of PPARγ and ANGPTL4. In conclusion, PECs and FOSs enhanced the effects of RE against disorders related to nonalcoholic fatty liver; however, the most effective dietary treatment in the regulation of liver lipid metabolism and inflammation caused by an obesogenic diet was the combination of RE with FOSs.
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28
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Hernández-Pérez T, Valverde ME, Paredes-López O. Seeds from ancient food crops with the potential for antiobesity promotion. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4563-4570. [PMID: 33506693 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1877107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Populations like to have a healthy diet without changing their fundamental dietary pattern. The importance of dietetic foods with health potential has increased the interest of consumers on crops with nutraceutical messages. Several plant food products from selected ancient crops like flax, chia, black cumin, sunflower, sesame, and pumpkin seeds contain substances with high health benefits. These crops are usually rich sources in fatty acids, sterols, phenolic compounds and dietary fiber which have mainly shown the ability to increase satiety and obesity control, among chronic degenerative diseases and others. These plant seeds offer outstanding features for the food and nutraceutical industries, due to their functional components. This review focuses on scientific evidence of the different potential benefits of these crops on human antiobesity promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talía Hernández-Pérez
- Unidad Irapuato. Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - María Elena Valverde
- Unidad Irapuato. Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Octavio Paredes-López
- Unidad Irapuato. Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
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Izar MCDO, Lottenberg AM, Giraldez VZR, Santos Filho RDD, Machado RM, Bertolami A, Assad MHV, Saraiva JFK, Faludi AA, Moreira ASB, Geloneze B, Magnoni CD, Scherr C, Amaral CK, Araújo DBD, Cintra DEC, Nakandakare ER, Fonseca FAH, Mota ICP, Santos JED, Kato JT, Beda LMM, Vieira LP, Bertolami MC, Rogero MM, Lavrador MSF, Nakasato M, Damasceno NRT, Alves RJ, Lara RS, Costa RP, Machado VA. Position Statement on Fat Consumption and Cardiovascular Health - 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 116:160-212. [PMID: 33566983 PMCID: PMC8159504 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20201340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria Lottenberg
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE) - Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha Giraldez
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Raul Dias Dos Santos Filho
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Adriana Bertolami
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - André Arpad Faludi
- Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Bruno Geloneze
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lis Mie Misuzawa Beda
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Miyoko Nakasato
- Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP),São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Renato Jorge Alves
- Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Soares Lara
- Núcleo de Alimentação e Nutrição da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
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30
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Poppitt SD. Cow's Milk and Dairy Consumption: Is There Now Consensus for Cardiometabolic Health? Front Nutr 2020; 7:574725. [PMID: 33364249 PMCID: PMC7753100 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk and dairy products derived from this complex food source have long been proposed as beneficial to human health, yet underlying clinical evidence of direct benefit continues to raise controversy. Limited evidence supports positive cardiometabolic effects of a number of dairy macro- and micronutrient components including whey protein and casein, unsaturated fats, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and polar phospholipids, vitamin D and calcium, in addition to non-bovine components including bacterial and yeast probiotics. More controversial remain lipid components trans fats, including trans vaccenic acid, trans palmitoleic acid, and conjugated cis trans linoleic acid (CLA), plus medium-chain and odd-chain dairy fats. New evidence is rapidly identifying multiple pathways by which these dairy nutrients may effect health. Processing, including fermentation and homogenization, may also have positive effects. Conversely, the high saturated fat content of dairy has long raised concern, aligned with international guidelines to minimize dietary intake of animal-origin saturated fatty acids (SFA) to achieve better cardiometabolic health. However, led in part by observational studies and meta-analyses showing dairy to have no or even an inverse association with cardiometabolic health, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been scrutinized over the last 5 years, and focus on low-fat dairy has been challenged. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that adverse effects of SFAs on metabolic health may be ameliorated when these fats are consumed within a complex matrix such as milk, cheese or yogurt, and that dairy food categories may influence outcomes as much as total fat content. For example, yogurt and high-fat, high-SFA cheese have a negative association with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in many, not all, published trials. However, large sample dairy RCTs of long duration with CVD or T2D incidence as primary endpoints are lacking. This is a clear research gap, with these clinical studies required if a causative link between dairy and improved cardiometabolic health is to be confirmed and in turn promoted through dietary guidelines. Current advisories from national guidance groups such as American Heart Association (AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) continue to promote consumption of low-fat dairy products, whilst liquid milk and yogurt remain part of nutrition guidelines from joint American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for Study of Diabetes (EASD) reports, and as part of a "no-one-size-fits-all" answer to diet and T2D by the ADA in their most recent 2019 Consensus Report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hannon MP, Close GL, Morton JP. Energy and Macronutrient Considerations for Young Athletes. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Alhassani AA, Hu FB, Li Y, Rosner BA, Willett WC, Joshipura KJ. The associations between major dietary patterns and risk of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 48:2-13. [PMID: 33020936 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To prospectively investigate the associations between major dietary patterns and incidence of periodontitis. METHODS We included 34,940 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, free of periodontal disease and major illnesses at baseline. Detailed medical and dental history was collected through biennial mailed questionnaires, and dietary information was provided through quadrennial food frequency questionnaires. Using principal component analysis, we identified two major dietary patterns ("prudent" and "Western"). We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the associations between the two dietary patterns and self-reported incidence of periodontitis over a 24-year follow-up period. We investigated each pattern separately. RESULTS There was no overall association between Western or prudent dietary patterns and periodontitis. Among obese, however, the Western dietary pattern was significantly associated with incident periodontitis. The hazard ratio for those in the highest quintile of Western diet versus those in the lowest (reference) was 1.83 (95% confidence interval: 1.21-2.76). CONCLUSIONS There was no overall association between Western or prudent dietary patterns and periodontitis; however, in subgroups analysis, the Western diet was significantly associated with higher periodontitis risk only among obese men, a finding that requires replication and biological explication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Alhassani
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaumudi J Joshipura
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Clinical Research and Health Promotion, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, USA
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Wu G, Shen Y, Nie R, Li P, Jin Q, Zhang H, Wang X. The bioactive compounds and cellular antioxidant activity of Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall) seed oil from China. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3815-3822. [PMID: 33063333 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Herbaceous peony (HP) seed oil has been consumed in some regions of China, yet little information is available on its bioactive composition and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid compositions, micronutrients contents, and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of HP seed oil from five varieties. Results indicated that this oil had high percentages of monounsaturated (32.15 to 45.92%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (58.65 to 61.95%), and the α-linolenic acid C18:3 was the highest in Fushao seed oil. Additionally, the high concentrations of tocopherol and phytosterol were found in all seed oils, and 10 individual polyphenols have been evaluated. Fushao seed oil had the highest polyphenols levels and showed higher CAA values. Both hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis have been used to distinguish HP seed oil from different varieties. This information is valuable for the nutritional value and industrial interest of HP seed oil in China. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research showed that Herbaceous peony seed oil had higher levels of minor components and polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially, α-linolenic acid, and our results could also provide the theoretical foundation for the health benefits of Herbaceous peony seed oil as the vegetable oils. However, the variety of Herbaceous should be considered when extracting oil from Herbaceous peony seeds in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yingbin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Ren Y, Song K, Kim Y. Physicochemical and retrogradation properties of low‐fat muffins with inulin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as fat replacers. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yetong Ren
- Department of Human Ecology Graduate School Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ka‐Young Song
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science Graduate School Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yookyung Kim
- Department of Human Ecology Graduate School Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
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Beneficial effect on serum cholesterol levels, but not glycaemic regulation, after replacing SFA with PUFA for 3 d: a randomised crossover trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:915-925. [PMID: 32873354 PMCID: PMC7944393 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Replacing intake of SFA with PUFA reduces serum cholesterol levels and CVD risk. The effect on glycaemic regulation is, however, less clear. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the short-term effect of replacing dietary SFA with PUFA on glycaemic regulation. Seventeen healthy, normal-weight participants completed a 25-d double-blind, randomised and controlled two-period crossover study. Participants were allocated to either interventions with PUFA products or SFA products (control) in a random order for three consecutive days, separated by a 1·5-week washout period between the intervention periods. Glucose, insulin and TAG were measured before and after an oral glucose tolerance test. In addition, fasting total cholesterol, NEFA and plasma total fatty acid profile were measured before and after the 3-d interventions. Fasting and postprandial glucose, insulin, and TAG levels and fasting levels of NEFA and plasma fatty acid profile did not differ between the groups. However, replacing dietary SFA with PUFA significantly reduced total cholesterol levels by 8 % after 3 d (P = 0·002). Replacing dietary SFA with PUFA for only 3 d has beneficial cardio-metabolic effects by reducing cholesterol levels in healthy individuals.
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Hooper L, Martin N, Jimoh OF, Kirk C, Foster E, Abdelhamid AS. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 8:CD011737. [PMID: 32827219 PMCID: PMC8092457 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011737.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing saturated fat reduces serum cholesterol, but effects on other intermediate outcomes may be less clear. Additionally, it is unclear whether the energy from saturated fats eliminated from the diet are more helpfully replaced by polyunsaturated fats, monounsaturated fats, carbohydrate or protein. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of reducing saturated fat intake and replacing it with carbohydrate (CHO), polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and/or protein on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity, using all available randomised clinical trials. SEARCH METHODS We updated our searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid) on 15 October 2019, and searched Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on 17 October 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA Included trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised; 2) intention to reduce saturated fat intake OR intention to alter dietary fats and achieving a reduction in saturated fat; 3) compared with higher saturated fat intake or usual diet; 4) not multifactorial; 5) in adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease (but not acutely ill, pregnant or breastfeeding); 6) intervention duration at least 24 months; 7) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed inclusion, extracted study data and assessed risk of bias. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, subgrouping, sensitivity analyses, funnel plots and GRADE assessment. MAIN RESULTS We included 15 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (16 comparisons, 56,675 participants), that used a variety of interventions from providing all food to advice on reducing saturated fat. The included long-term trials suggested that reducing dietary saturated fat reduced the risk of combined cardiovascular events by 17% (risk ratio (RR) 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70 to 0.98, 12 trials, 53,758 participants of whom 8% had a cardiovascular event, I² = 67%, GRADE moderate-quality evidence). Meta-regression suggested that greater reductions in saturated fat (reflected in greater reductions in serum cholesterol) resulted in greater reductions in risk of CVD events, explaining most heterogeneity between trials. The number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) was 56 in primary prevention trials, so 56 people need to reduce their saturated fat intake for ~four years for one person to avoid experiencing a CVD event. In secondary prevention trials, the NNTB was 53. Subgrouping did not suggest significant differences between replacement of saturated fat calories with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate, and data on replacement with monounsaturated fat and protein was very limited. We found little or no effect of reducing saturated fat on all-cause mortality (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.03; 11 trials, 55,858 participants) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.12, 10 trials, 53,421 participants), both with GRADE moderate-quality evidence. There was little or no effect of reducing saturated fats on non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.07) or CHD mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.16, both low-quality evidence), but effects on total (fatal or non-fatal) myocardial infarction, stroke and CHD events (fatal or non-fatal) were all unclear as the evidence was of very low quality. There was little or no effect on cancer mortality, cancer diagnoses, diabetes diagnosis, HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides or blood pressure, and small reductions in weight, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and BMI. There was no evidence of harmful effects of reducing saturated fat intakes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings of this updated review suggest that reducing saturated fat intake for at least two years causes a potentially important reduction in combined cardiovascular events. Replacing the energy from saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate appear to be useful strategies, while effects of replacement with monounsaturated fat are unclear. The reduction in combined cardiovascular events resulting from reducing saturated fat did not alter by study duration, sex or baseline level of cardiovascular risk, but greater reduction in saturated fat caused greater reductions in cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Nicole Martin
- Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oluseyi F Jimoh
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Christian Kirk
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Eve Foster
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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37
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Twenefour D, Shields E. Saturated fats and the management of diabetes: the debates, controversies and consensus. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.2283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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38
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Barkas F, Nomikos T, Liberopoulos E, Panagiotakos D. Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Individuals with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082436. [PMID: 32823643 PMCID: PMC7468930 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although a cholesterol-lowering diet and the addition of plant sterols and stanols are suggested for the lipid management of children and adults with familial hypercholesterolemia, there is limited evidence evaluating such interventions in this population. Objectives: To investigate the impact of cholesterol-lowering diet and other dietary interventions on the incidence or mortality of cardiovascular disease and lipid profile of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Search methods: Relevant trials were identified by searching US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Metabolism Trials Register and clinicaltrials.gov.gr using the following terms: diet, dietary, plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber and familial hypercholesterolemia. Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of cholesterol-lowering diet or other dietary interventions in children and adults with familial hypercholesterolemia were included. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of the included trials and their bias risk and extracted the data which was independently verified by other colleagues. Results: A total of 17 trials were finally included, with a total of 376 participants across 8 comparison groups. The included trials had either a low or unclear bias risk for most of the assessed risk parameters. Cardiovascular incidence or mortality were not evaluated in any of the included trials. Among the planned comparisons regarding patients’ lipidemic profile, a significant difference was noticed for the following comparisons and outcomes: omega-3 fatty acids reduced triglycerides (mean difference (MD): −0.27 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.47 to −0.07, p < 0.01) when compared with placebo. A non-significant trend towards a reduction in subjects’ total cholesterol (MD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.68 to 0, mmol/L, p = 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: −0.31, 95% CI: −0.61 to 0, mmol/L, p = 0.05) was noticed. In comparison with cholesterol-lowering diet, the additional consumption of plant stanols decreased total cholesterol (MD: −0.62 mmol/L, 95% CI: −1.13 to −0.11, p = 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: −0.58 mmol/L, 95% CI: −1.08 to −0.09, p = 0.02). The same was by plant sterols (MD: −0.46 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.76 to −0.17, p < 0.01 for cholesterol and MD: −0.45 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.74 to −0.16, p < 0.01 for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). No heterogeneity was noticed among the studies included in these analyses. Conclusions: Available trials confirm that the addition of plant sterols or stanols has a cholesterol-lowering effect on such individuals. On the other hand, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids effectively reduces triglycerides and might have a role in lowering the cholesterol of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Additional studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of cholesterol-lowering diet or the addition of soya protein and dietary fibers to a cholesterol-lowering diet in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Barkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece; (F.B.); (E.L.)
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 176 71 Athens, Greece;
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 176 71 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece; (F.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 176 71 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-9549332 or +30-210-9549100
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Hooper L, Martin N, Jimoh OF, Kirk C, Foster E, Abdelhamid AS. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 5:CD011737. [PMID: 32428300 PMCID: PMC7388853 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011737.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing saturated fat reduces serum cholesterol, but effects on other intermediate outcomes may be less clear. Additionally, it is unclear whether the energy from saturated fats eliminated from the diet are more helpfully replaced by polyunsaturated fats, monounsaturated fats, carbohydrate or protein. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of reducing saturated fat intake and replacing it with carbohydrate (CHO), polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and/or protein on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity, using all available randomised clinical trials. SEARCH METHODS We updated our searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid) on 15 October 2019, and searched Clinicaltrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on 17 October 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA Included trials fulfilled the following criteria: 1) randomised; 2) intention to reduce saturated fat intake OR intention to alter dietary fats and achieving a reduction in saturated fat; 3) compared with higher saturated fat intake or usual diet; 4) not multifactorial; 5) in adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease (but not acutely ill, pregnant or breastfeeding); 6) intervention duration at least 24 months; 7) mortality or cardiovascular morbidity data available. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed inclusion, extracted study data and assessed risk of bias. We performed random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression, subgrouping, sensitivity analyses, funnel plots and GRADE assessment. MAIN RESULTS We included 15 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (16 comparisons, ~59,000 participants), that used a variety of interventions from providing all food to advice on reducing saturated fat. The included long-term trials suggested that reducing dietary saturated fat reduced the risk of combined cardiovascular events by 21% (risk ratio (RR) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 0.93, 11 trials, 53,300 participants of whom 8% had a cardiovascular event, I² = 65%, GRADE moderate-quality evidence). Meta-regression suggested that greater reductions in saturated fat (reflected in greater reductions in serum cholesterol) resulted in greater reductions in risk of CVD events, explaining most heterogeneity between trials. The number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) was 56 in primary prevention trials, so 56 people need to reduce their saturated fat intake for ~four years for one person to avoid experiencing a CVD event. In secondary prevention trials, the NNTB was 32. Subgrouping did not suggest significant differences between replacement of saturated fat calories with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate, and data on replacement with monounsaturated fat and protein was very limited. We found little or no effect of reducing saturated fat on all-cause mortality (RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.03; 11 trials, 55,858 participants) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.12, 10 trials, 53,421 participants), both with GRADE moderate-quality evidence. There was little or no effect of reducing saturated fats on non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.07) or CHD mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.16, both low-quality evidence), but effects on total (fatal or non-fatal) myocardial infarction, stroke and CHD events (fatal or non-fatal) were all unclear as the evidence was of very low quality. There was little or no effect on cancer mortality, cancer diagnoses, diabetes diagnosis, HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides or blood pressure, and small reductions in weight, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and BMI. There was no evidence of harmful effects of reducing saturated fat intakes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings of this updated review suggest that reducing saturated fat intake for at least two years causes a potentially important reduction in combined cardiovascular events. Replacing the energy from saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat or carbohydrate appear to be useful strategies, while effects of replacement with monounsaturated fat are unclear. The reduction in combined cardiovascular events resulting from reducing saturated fat did not alter by study duration, sex or baseline level of cardiovascular risk, but greater reduction in saturated fat caused greater reductions in cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hooper
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Nicole Martin
- Institute of Health Informatics Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oluseyi F Jimoh
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Christian Kirk
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Eve Foster
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Yao Y, Pek SX, Toh DWK, Xia X, Kim JE. Effects of fatty acids composition in a breakfast meal on the postprandial lipid responses: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:793-803. [PMID: 32223451 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1744534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of food rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) is a well-known dietary strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease while its impact on postprandial blood lipids is less examined. This study assessed the effects of fatty acids composition on the postprandial triglycerides and cholesterol responses. Seventeen randomised controlled trials were identified and pooled analysis results revealed that consumption of a UFAs-rich or an SFAs-rich breakfast meal did not acutely affect postprandial triglycerides and cholesterol responses. However, subgroup analysis observed that triglycerides incremental area under the curve was lower with an SFAs-rich meal (SMD: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.15) over a less than 8 h duration, while was higher (SMD: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.05, 1.23) over a longer postprandial duration. It suggests that the postprandial duration is of importance when evaluating the effects of fatty acids composition on blood lipid responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheri Xueqi Pek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xuejuan Xia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Phillips SM, Martinson W. Nutrient-rich, high-quality, protein-containing dairy foods in combination with exercise in aging persons to mitigate sarcopenia. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:216-229. [PMID: 30561677 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic declines in muscle mass and function contribute to the risk of falls, reduced mobility, and progression to frailty in older persons. Mitigation of sarcopenia can be achieved by consumption of higher quality protein in sufficient quantities, which current research suggests are greater than the recommended intakes of approximately 0.8 g/kg bodyweight/d. In addition, higher levels of physical activity and participation in exercise to support cardiovascular fitness and musculoskeletal function work additively with protein in attenuating sarcopenia. This narrative review provides evidence to support a recommendation for per-meal protein targets in older persons that are underpinned by knowledge of muscle protein turnover. Based on work examining acute dose-responses of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) to protein, a proposed per-meal target for protein intakes is set at approximately 0.4-0.6 g protein/kg bodyweight/meal for older persons. Habitual patterns of dietary protein intake tend to emphasize a skewed protein distribution, which would not maximize muscle anabolism. Observational studies show that more even patterns of protein intake are associated with increased muscle mass and improved muscle function. A food-based approach to achieving these protein targets would be advantageous, and the nutrient density of the protein-containing foods would be particularly important for older persons. Dairy foods provide high-quality protein and contain several nutrients of concern for older persons. This brief review provides an overview of the science underpinning why dairy foods should be a point of nutritional emphasis for older persons. Practical suggestions are provided for implementation of dairy foods into dietary patterns to meet the protein and other nutrient targets for older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Hlaing SAA, Sadiq MB, Anal AK. Enhanced yield of Scenedesmus obliquus biomacromolecules through medium optimization and development of microalgae based functional chocolate. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:1090-1099. [PMID: 32123430 PMCID: PMC7026320 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater green microalga Scenedesmus obliquus was cultivated to enhance the contents of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids by using Box-Behnken experimental design. S. obliquus was cultured under phototrophic conditions by using Bold's Basal Medium with different cultivation parameters including pH (7, 8 and 9), salinity (10, 30 and 50 mM), and nitrogen source (0.125, 0.5 and 1 g/L). The highest biomass yield (64.9 ± 0.94 mg/L/day) was obtained by using optimized medium at a salinity concentration of 30 mM (w/v), and nitrogen sources of 0.125 g/L. The maximum content of protein, lipid and carbohydrates from S. obliquus optimized medium were 342.19 ± 0.28 mg/g, 241.41 ± 4.32 mg/g and 288.05 ± 1.12 mg/g of dry wt. respectively. The amino acid and fatty acid analysis of S. obliquus biomass indicated the presence of significant amount of essential amino acids and essential fatty acids. Furthermore, chocolate crispy bar was developed by fortification with encapsulated freeze-dried S. obliquus and evaluated for its oxidative stability and sensory analysis. The chocolate fortified with microalgae can be a potential source of essential fatty acids and amino acids in addition to other bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Aye Aye Hlaing
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, PO Box 4, Klongluang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
| | - Muhammad Bilal Sadiq
- School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, 54600 Pakistan
| | - Anil Kumar Anal
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Asian Institute of Technology, PO Box 4, Klongluang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter C Willett
- From the Departments of Nutrition (W.C.W., D.S.L.) and Epidemiology (W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (W.C.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School (D.S.L.); and the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital (D.S.L.) - all in Boston
| | - David S Ludwig
- From the Departments of Nutrition (W.C.W., D.S.L.) and Epidemiology (W.C.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (W.C.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School (D.S.L.); and the New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital (D.S.L.) - all in Boston
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Vergani L. Fatty Acids and Effects on In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Liver Steatosis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3439-3456. [PMID: 28521680 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170518101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver, or steatosis, is a condition of excess accumulation of lipids, mainly under form of triglycerides (TG), in the liver, and it is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the most common liver disorder world-wide and it has frequently been associated with obesity, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Free fatty acids (FA) are the major mediators of hepatic steatosis; patients with NAFLD have elevated levels of circulating FA that correlate with disease severity. METHODS Steatosis is a reversible condition that can be resolved with changed behaviors, or that can progress towards more severe liver damages such as steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. In NAFLD, FA of exogenous or endogenous origin accumulate in the hepatocytes and trigger liver damages. Excess TG are stored in cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) that are dynamic organelles acting as hubs for lipid metabolism. RESULTS In the first part of this review, we briefly reassumed the main classes of FA and their chemical classification as a function of the presence and number of double bonds, their metabolic pathways and effects on human health. Then, we summarized the main genetic and diet-induced animal models of NAFLD, as well as the cellular models of NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, both the diet-induced animal models of NAFLD as well as the cellular models of NAFLD have found ever more application to investigate the mechanisms involved in NAFLD, and we referred to their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vergani
- DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Italy
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Carro A, Panisello JM. Deciphering the Riddles in Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:141-150. [PMID: 31933681 PMCID: PMC6950215 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death in Western countries, and its development is largely associated with unhealthy dietary patterns. A large body of scientific evidence has reported that nutrition might be the most preventive factor of cardiovascular disease death and could even reverse heart disease. Processes of chronic inflammation and oxidative distress share triggers that are modifiable by nutrition. This review aimed to identify potential targets (food patterns, single foods or individual nutrients) for cardiovascular disease prevention, and analyse the mechanisms implicated in their cardioprotective effects.
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Yang C, Shi X, Xia H, Yang X, Liu H, Pan D, Sun G. The Evidence and Controversy Between Dietary Calcium Intake and Calcium Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:352-370. [PMID: 31625814 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1649219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hechun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Hamidioglu I, Salaseviciene A, Zaborskiene G. Effects of natural herbal extracts on hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.) oil quality indicators. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2019. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2019-1-35-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research features such natural herbal extracts as rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), pome- granate (Punica granatum L.), and green tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Together with vitamin E, they were chosen to investigate hemp oil stability. The experiments revealed the effect of various fatty acids compositions on hemp oil properties. The effect of herbal extracts on the oxidative stability of oils was measured using the Rancimat method. The chemical tests included peroxide value (PV), free fatty acid (FFA) value, and acidity value (AV). Each herbal extract was applied in amounts of 30 mg/l and 50 mg/l. Vitamin E was mixed with the oil in the amount of 2 g/l. The changes in PV, FFA, AV, and fatty acid composition were measured on day 6, 12, 18, and 24. Hemp oil, pure or mixed with the extracts, was analyzed using the Rancimat method at 120°C with an airflow rate of 20 l/h to identify the in- duction periods (IP). IP values of oils with additional herbal extracts were found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of the control samples. The oil sample with vitamin E demonstrated the longest IP (4.12 hours at 120°C) during the Rancimat test. The herbal extracts and vitamin E had a positive effect on hemp oil PV compared with the control sample. Gas chromatography (GC) showed that hemp oil included a high amount of polyunsaturated Ome- ga-3 fatty acids, and the oil was not resistant to oxidation. In general, the natural herbal extracts and vitamin E in the recommended quantities had a positive effect on the oxidative stability of hemp oil.
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Hackney KJ, Trautman K, Johnson N, Mcgrath R, Stastny S. Protein and muscle health during aging: benefits and concerns related to animal-based protein. Anim Front 2019; 9:12-17. [PMID: 32002269 PMCID: PMC6951965 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Hackney
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Kara Trautman
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Nathaniel Johnson
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Ryan Mcgrath
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Sherri Stastny
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
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Kharat M, McClements DJ. Recent advances in colloidal delivery systems for nutraceuticals: A case study - Delivery by Design of curcumin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 557:506-518. [PMID: 31542691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound found in turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome that has potential biological benefits, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. Incorporation of curcumin into functional food and beverage products, however, is challenging due to its low water-solubility, poor chemical stability, rapid metabolism, and low oral bioavailability. Researchers are, therefore developing a suite of particle-based delivery systems to maximize the potential health benefits of curcumin. Colloidal delivery systems, such as micelles, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, emulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, biopolymer nanoparticles, and microgels have all been developed for this purpose. The functional performance of each of these delivery systems depends on its structure and physicochemical properties, such as particle composition, particle size, morphology, physicochemical stability, optical properties, rheology, and sensory attributes. As a result, each delivery system has its advantages and disadvantages for particular applications. Consequently, a delivery system must be specifically designed for the particular bioactive agent to be encapsulated, as well as the particular food matrix it will be incorporated into. In this review, we highlight the potential of the Delivery by Design (DbD) approach for identifying and selecting the most appropriate colloidal delivery system for a particular food application, using curcumin as a model bioactive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kharat
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Prentice RL, Aragaki AK, Howard BV, Chlebowski RT, Thomson CA, Van Horn L, Tinker LF, Manson JE, Anderson GL, Kuller LE, Neuhouser ML, Johnson KC, Snetselaar L, Rossouw JE. Low-Fat Dietary Pattern among Postmenopausal Women Influences Long-Term Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes Outcomes. J Nutr 2019; 149:1565-1574. [PMID: 31175807 PMCID: PMC6736441 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preferred macronutrient dietary composition, and the health consequences of dietary fat reduction specifically, have been debated for decades. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of long-term health outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification (DM) trial. OBJECTIVE The DM trial aimed to examine whether a low-fat dietary pattern would reduce the risk of invasive breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and, secondarily, coronary heart disease (CHD), with various other health outcomes also considered. METHODS The DM trial is a randomized controlled trial conducted at 40 centers in the US, among 48,835 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 y with baseline intake of ≥32% energy from fat. Participants were randomly assigned to a low-fat dietary pattern intervention group or to a usual-diet comparison group, during 1993-1998. Intervention goals were to reduce fat intake from ∼35% to 20% of total energy, in conjunction with increasing vegetables and fruit to 5 servings/d and grains to 6 servings/d. RESULTS Over an 8.5-y (median) intervention period, intervention and comparison group differences included lower fat by 8-10%, and higher carbohydrate by 8-10%, of total energy, in conjunction with higher consumption of vegetables, fruit, and grains. Time-to-outcome analyses did not show significant differences between intervention and comparison groups for invasive breast cancer, colorectal cancer, or CHD, either over the intervention period or over longer-term cumulative follow-up. Additional analyses showed significant intervention group benefits related to breast cancer, CHD, and diabetes, without adverse effects. Over a 19.6-y (median) follow-up period, HRs (95% CIs) were 0.84 (0.74, 0.96) for breast cancer followed by death, and 0.87 (0.77, 0.98) for diabetes requiring insulin. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in dietary fat with corresponding increase in vegetables, fruit, and grains led to benefits related to breast cancer, CHD, and diabetes, without adverse effects, among healthy postmenopausal US women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Prentice
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA,Address correspondence to RLP (e-mail: )
| | - Aaron K Aragaki
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara V Howard
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, and MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Rowan T Chlebowski
- Oncology/Hematology, Division of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Thomson
- College of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Garnet L Anderson
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lewis E Kuller
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen C Johnson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Preventive Nutrition Education, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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