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Sámano R, Martínez-Rojano H, Chico-Barba G, Gamboa R, Mendoza-Flores ME, Robles-Alarcón FJ, Pérez-Martínez I, Monroy-Muñoz IE. Gestational Weight Gain: Is the Role of Genetic Variants a Determinant? A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3039. [PMID: 38474283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive or insufficient gestational weight gain (GWG) leads to diverse adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is evidence that pregestational body mass index (pBMI) plays a role in GWG, but no genetic cause has been identified. In this review, we aim to analyze genotype variants associated with GWG. Results: We identified seven genotype variants that may be involved in GWG regulation that were analyzed in studies carried out in Brazil, Romania, the USA, Turkey, Ukraine, and Canada. Some genetic variants were only associated with GWG in certain races or depending on the pBMI. In women who were obese or overweight before gestation, some genetic variants were associated with GWG. Environmental and genetic factors together showed a greater association with GWG than genetic factors alone; for example, type of diet was observed to have a significant influence. Conclusions: We found little scientific evidence of an association between genotype variants in countries with a high prevalence of women of reproductive age who are overweight and obese, such as in Latin America. GWG may be more dependent on environmental factors than genetic variants. We suggest a deeper study of genetic variants, cytokines, and their possible association with GWG, always with the respective control of potential cofounding factors, such as pBMI, diet, and race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyna Sámano
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Hugo Martínez-Rojano
- Sección de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Chico-Barba
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gamboa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Mendoza-Flores
- Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | | | - Itzel Pérez-Martínez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico
| | - Irma Eloisa Monroy-Muñoz
- Departamento de Investigación Clínica en Salud Reproductiva y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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Mikołajczyk-Stecyna J, Zuk E, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Kurzawińska G, Wolski H, Drews K, Chmurzynska A. Genetic risk score for gestational weight gain. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 294:20-27. [PMID: 38184896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Gestational weight gain (GWG) involves health consequences for both mother and offspring. Genetic factors seem to play a role in the GWG trait. For small effect sizes of a single genetic polymorphism (SNP), a genetic risk score (GRS) summarizing risk-associated variation from multiple SNPs can serve as an effective approach to genetic association analysis. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between genetic risk score (GRS) and gestational weight gain (GWG). GWG was calculated for a total of 342 healthy Polish women of Caucasian origin, aged 19 to 45 years. The SNPs rs9939609 (FTO), rs6548238 (TMEM18), rs17782313 (MC4R), rs10938397 (GNPDA2), rs10913469 (SEC16B), rs1137101 (LEPR), rs7799039 (LEP), and rs5443 (GNB3) were genotyped using commercial TaqMan SNP assays. A simple genetic risk score was calculated into two ways: GRS1 based on the sum of risk alleles from each of the SNPs, while GRS2 based on the sum of risk alleles of FTO, LEPR, LEP, and GNB3. Positive association between GRS2 and GWG (β = 0.12, p = 0.029) was observed. Genetic risk variants of TMEM18 (p = 0.006, OR = 2.6) and GNB3 (p < 0.001, OR = 3.3) are more frequent in women with increased GWG, but a risk variant of GNPDA2 (p < 0.001, OR = 2.7) is more frequent in women with adequate GWG, and a risk variant of LEPR (p = 0.011, OR = 3.1) in women with decreased GWG. GRS2 and genetic variants of TMEM18, GNB3, GNPDA2, and LEPR are associated with weight gain during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mikołajczyk-Stecyna
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Zuk
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kurzawińska
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hubert Wolski
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Podhale State College of Applied Sciences in Nowy Targ, Kokoszków 71, 34-400 Nowy Targ, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Drews
- Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Polna 33, 60-535 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Chmurzynska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland.
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Liu S, Guan L, Liu X, Fan P, Zhou M, Wu Y, Liu R, Tang F, Wang Y, Li D, Bai H. ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) polymorphisms in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 287:20-28. [PMID: 37270990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy, and it often leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes and seriously harms the health of mothers and infants. ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) plays critical roles in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. This study was designed to explore the relevance of the ABCG1 polymorphisms in the atherometabolic risk in GDM. STUDY DESIGN The case-control population consists of 1504 subjects. The rs2234715 and rs57137919 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using PCR and DNA sequencing, and clinical and metabolic parameters were determined. RESULTS The genotype distributions of the two SNPs showed no difference between the GDM patient and control groups. However, the rs57137919 polymorphism was associated with total cholesterol (TC), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels in patients with GDM. Moreover, subgroup analysis showed that this polymorphism was associated with ApoA1 and DBP levels in overweight/obese patients with GDM, while it was associated with TC, and gestational weight gain (GWG) in non-obese patients with GDM. Meanwhile, the rs2234715 polymorphism was found to be associated with neonatal birth height in non-obese patients with GDM. CONCLUSIONS The two polymorphisms in the ABCG1 have an influence on atherometabolic traits, GWG, and fetal growth in GDM, depending on the BMI of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Linbo Guan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Fan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fangmei Tang
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dehua Li
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China; West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Huai Bai
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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4
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Ortega-Contreras B, Armella A, Appel J, Mennickent D, Araya J, González M, Castro E, Obregón AM, Lamperti L, Gutiérrez J, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E. Pathophysiological Role of Genetic Factors Associated With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Physiol 2022; 13:769924. [PMID: 35450164 PMCID: PMC9016477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.769924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a highly prevalent maternal pathology characterized by maternal glucose intolerance during pregnancy that is, associated with severe complications for both mother and offspring. Several risk factors have been related to GDM; one of the most important among them is genetic predisposition. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes that act at different levels on various tissues, could cause changes in the expression levels and activity of proteins, which result in glucose and insulin metabolism dysfunction. In this review, we describe various SNPs; which according to literature, increase the risk of developing GDM. These SNPs include: (1) those associated with transcription factors that regulate insulin production and excretion, such as rs7903146 (TCF7L2) and rs5015480 (HHEX); (2) others that cause a decrease in protective hormones against insulin resistance such as rs2241766 (ADIPOQ) and rs6257 (SHBG); (3) SNPs that cause modifications in membrane proteins, generating dysfunction in insulin signaling or cell transport in the case of rs5443 (GNB3) and rs2237892 (KCNQ1); (4) those associated with enzymes such as rs225014 (DIO2) and rs9939609 (FTO) which cause an impaired metabolism, resulting in an insulin resistance state; and (5) other polymorphisms, those are associated with growth factors such as rs2146323 (VEGFA) and rs755622 (MIF) which could cause changes in the expression levels of these proteins, producing endothelial dysfunction and an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines, characteristic on GDM. While the pathophysiological mechanism is unclear, this review describes various potential effects of these polymorphisms on the predisposition to develop GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Ortega-Contreras
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - A. Armella
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - J. Appel
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - D. Mennickent
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - J. Araya
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M. González
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - E. Castro
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | - A. M. Obregón
- Faculty of Health Care, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - L. Lamperti
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - J. Gutiérrez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago,Chile
| | - E. Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Pregnancy Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: E. Guzmán-Gutiérrez,
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5
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Ludwig-Słomczyńska AH, Seweryn MT, Kapusta P, Pitera E, Mantaj U, Cyganek K, Gutaj P, Dobrucka Ł, Wender-Ożegowska E, Małecki MT, Wołkow PP. The transcriptome-wide association search for genes and genetic variants which associate with BMI and gestational weight gain in women with type 1 diabetes. Mol Med 2021; 27:6. [PMID: 33472578 PMCID: PMC7818927 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-020-00266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical data suggest that BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) are strongly interconnected phenotypes; however, the genetic basis of the latter is rather unclear. Here we aim to find genes and genetic variants which influence BMI and/or GWG. METHODS We have genotyped 316 type 1 diabetics using Illumina Infinium Omni Express Exome-8 v1.4 arrays. The GIANT, ARIC and T2D-GENES summary statistics were used for TWAS (performed with PrediXcan) in adipose tissue. Next, the analysis of association of imputed expression with BMI in the general and diabetic cohorts (Analysis 1 and 2) or GWG (Analysis 3 and 4) was performed, followed by variant association analysis (1 Mb around identified loci) with the mentioned phenotypes. RESULTS In Analysis 1 we have found 175 BMI associated genes and 19 variants (p < 10-4) which influenced GWG, with the strongest association for rs11465293 in CCL24 (p = 3.18E-06). Analysis 2, with diabetes included in the model, led to discovery of 1812 BMI associated loci and 207 variants (p < 10-4) influencing GWG, with the strongest association for rs9690213 in PODXL (p = 9.86E-07). In Analysis 3, among 648 GWG associated loci, 2091 variants were associated with BMI (FDR < 0.05). In Analysis 4, 7 variants in GWG associated loci influenced BMI in the ARIC cohort. CONCLUSIONS Here, we have shown that loci influencing BMI might have an impact on GWG and GWG associated loci might influence BMI, both in the general and T1DM cohorts. The results suggest that both phenotypes are related to insulin signaling, glucose homeostasis, mitochondrial metabolism, ubiquitinoylation and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał T Seweryn
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Przemysław Kapusta
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pitera
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Mantaj
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Cyganek
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Gutaj
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Łucja Dobrucka
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Wender-Ożegowska
- Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej T Małecki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Kraków, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł P Wołkow
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Kawai VK, Nwosu SK, Kurnik D, Harrell FE, Stein CM. Variants in BMI-Associated Genes and Adrenergic Genes are not Associated with Gestational Weight Trajectory. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1184-1189. [PMID: 31116007 PMCID: PMC6591076 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to define the association between a genetic risk score (GRS) that combined the effect of multiple BMI-associated variants and gestational weight trajectory. Because pregnancy is a state of sympathetic activation, the association between gestational weight trajectory and variants in adrenergic pathways previously associated with weight was examined. METHODS In a previously defined cohort of pregnant women with (n = 1,504) and without gestational diabetes (GDM) (n = 435), weight trajectory was calculated using all weights during pregnancy. A GRS for BMI (GRSBMI ) was calculated using 31 common variants associated with BMI, and 10 variants in the adrenergic pathways were genotyped. Clinical and genetic factors were studied using generalized linear models. RESULTS Prepregnancy BMI was associated with the GRSBMI (P = 9.3 × 10-11 ) and parity (P = 4.54 × 10-17 ). The GRSBMI was associated with gestational weight trajectory in women with and without GDM (P = 0.041 and P < 0.0001, respectively); however, when prepregnancy BMI was included in the models, the associations disappeared (P > 0.05). Variants in adrenergic genes were not associated with gestational weight trajectory. CONCLUSIONS A GRS for BMI was associated with prepregnancy BMI but was not independently associated with gestational weight trajectory in women with and without GDM. Selected variants in adrenergic genes were not associated with gestational weight trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian K. Kawai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel K. Nwosu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Kurnik
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frank E. Harrell
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - C. Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Luecke E, Cohen AK, Brillante M, Rehkopf DH, Coyle J, Hendrick CE, Abrams B. Similarities in Maternal Weight and Birth Weight Across Pregnancies and Across Sisters. Matern Child Health J 2019; 23:138-147. [PMID: 30032445 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The current study examined how prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, and birth weight cluster between births within women and between women who are sisters. Methods Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort, we utilized nested, multivariable hierarchical linear models to examine the correlation of these three outcomes between births (n = 6006) to women (n = 3605) and sisters (n = 3170) so that we can quantify the clustering by sibship and by woman for these three pregnancy-related outcomes. Results After controlling for confounding covariates, prepregnancy BMI (intraclass correlation (ICC) 0.24, 95% CI 0.16, 0.32), gestational weight gain (ICC 0.23, 95% CI 0.16, 0.31), and infant's birthweight (ICC 0.07, 95% CI 0.003, 0.13) were correlated between sisters. Additionally, all three outcomes were significantly correlated between births for each sister, suggesting that prepregnancy BMI (ICC 0.82, 95% CI 0.81, 0.83), gestational weight gain (ICC 0.45, 95% CI 0.42, 0.49), and birth weight (ICC 0.31, 95% CI 0.28, 0.35) track between pregnancies in the same woman. Conclusions for Practice The observed clustering both within women and between sisters suggests that shared genetic and environmental factors among sisters play a role in pregnancy outcomes above and beyond that of women's own genetic and environmental factors. Findings suggest that asking a woman about her sisters' pregnancy outcomes could provide insight into the possible outcomes for her current pregnancy. Future research should test if collecting such a family history and providing tailored clinical recommendations accordingly would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Luecke
- RTI International, Women's Global Health Imperative, San Francisco, USA
| | - Alison K Cohen
- Department of Public and Nonprofit Administration, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Brillante
- University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - David H Rehkopf
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Jeremy Coyle
- University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Emily Hendrick
- Division of Reproduction and Population Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, USA
| | - Barbara Abrams
- University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,Division of Epidemiology, UC Berkeley School of Public Health, 103 Haviland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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8
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Beysel S, Eyerci N, Ulubay M, Caliskan M, Kizilgul M, Hafızoğlu M, Cakal E. Maternal genetic contribution to pre-pregnancy obesity, gestational weight gain, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:37. [PMID: 31114636 PMCID: PMC6518700 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-pregnancy obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with each other. This is the first study to investigate whether genetic variants were associated with having GDM, and whether genetic variants-related GDM were associated with adiposity including pre-pregnancy obesity and excessive GWG in Turkish women. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women with GDM (n = 160) and without GDM (n = 145) were included in case-controlled study. Genotyping of the HNF1A gene (p.I27L rs1169288, p.98V rs1800574, p.S487N rs2464196), the VDR gene (p.BsmI rs1544410, p.ApaI rs7975232, p.TaqI rs731236, p.FokI rs2228570), and FTO gene (rs9939609) SNPs were performed by using RT-PCR. RESULTS The FTO AA genotype was associated with an increased risk of having GDM (AA vs. AT + TT, 24.4% vs. 12.4%, OR = 2.27, 95% CI [1.23-4.19], p = 0.007). The HNF1A p.I27L GT/TT genotype was associated with increased GDM risk (GT + TT vs. GG-wild, 79.4% vs. 65.5%, OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.21-3.38], p = 0.007). However, all VDR gene SNPs and the HNF1A p.A98V, p.S487N were not associated with having GDM (p > 0.05). The FTO AA genotype was associated with an increased risk for pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity (OR = 1.43, 95% CI [1.25-3.4], p = 0.035), but not associated with excessive GWG after adjusting for pre-pregnancy weight (p > 0.05). Pre-pregnancy weight, weight at delivery, and GWG did not differ in both VDR and HNF1A gene carriers (p > 0.05). HOMA-IR and HbA1c were increased in both p.I27L TT and FTO AA genotype carriers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The adiposity-related gene FTO is associated with GDM by the effect of FTO on pre-pregnancy obesity. The diabetes-related p.I27L gene is associated with GDM by increasing insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvihan Beysel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Afyonkarahisar Saglik Bilimleri University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Nilnur Eyerci
- Department of Genetic Research, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ulubay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Caliskan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kizilgul
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Hafızoğlu
- Department of İnternal Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Saglik Bilimleri University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Erman Cakal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Teaching and Training Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Shrestha D, Rahman ML, Workalemahu T, Zhu C, Tekola-Ayele F. Influence of Fetal and Maternal Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity on Birthweight in African Ancestry Populations. Front Genet 2018; 9:511. [PMID: 30450111 PMCID: PMC6224338 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fetal and maternal genetic propensity to obesity can influence birthweight. We investigated the effects of fetal and maternal genetic risk of obesity on birthweight and evaluated whether these genetic influences modify the well-known association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and birthweight. In 950 mother-baby pairs of African ancestry, a genetic risk score for adulthood obesity was generated for mothers (mGRS) and their babies (bGRS) as the weighted sum of BMI-increasing alleles of 97 single nucleotide polymorphisms known to be associated with BMI. The median GRS value was used as a cut-off to define high or low bGRS and mGRS. High bGRS was significantly associated with 70 g lower birthweight (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = −127.4 to −12.4) compared to low bGRS. mGRS was positively correlated with birthweight but the association was not significant. mGRS modified the significant birthweight-increasing effect of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (P-for-interaction = 0.03); among mothers with low mGRS, those who were overweight or obese had 127.7 g heavier babies (95% CI = 27.1 to 228.2) compared to those who had normal weight. In summary, fetal obesity genetic risk loci exert direct influence on birthweight, and maternal loci modify the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on birthweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Shrestha
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mohammad L Rahman
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tsegaselassie Workalemahu
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chunming Zhu
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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10
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Tarnowski M, Bujak J, Kopytko P, Majcher S, Ustianowski P, Dziedziejko V, Safranow K, Pawlik A. Effect of FTO and IGF2BP2 gene polymorphisms on duration of pregnancy and Apgar scores in women with gestational diabetes. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2018; 39:151-156. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1502263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Bujak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kopytko
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Sandra Majcher
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Ustianowski
- Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University, Police, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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11
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Kroll C, de França PHC, Mastroeni MF. Association betweenFTOgene polymorphism and excess body weight in women from before to after pregnancy: A cohort study. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23164. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kroll
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Environment; University of Joinville Region - UNIVILLE; Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
| | | | - Marco Fabio Mastroeni
- Post-graduate Program in Health and Environment; University of Joinville Region - UNIVILLE; Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
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12
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Lawn RB, Lawlor DA, Fraser A. Associations Between Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain and Daughter's Age at Menarche: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:677-686. [PMID: 29020129 PMCID: PMC5888997 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier puberty and menarche are associated with adverse health outcomes. Reported associations of maternal adiposity with daughter’s age at menarche are inconsistent. We examined associations between maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) and gestational weight gain (GWG) and daughter’s ages at menarche (n = 3,935 mother-offspring pairs), pubarche (Tanner stage 2 for pubic hair) (n = 2,942 pairs), and thelarche (Tanner stage 2 for breast development) (n = 2,942 pairs) in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a prospective United Kingdom pregnancy cohort study (baseline 1991–1992). During a follow-up period of up to 17 years (1991–2008), mean menarcheal age was 12.6 (standard deviation, 1.2) years. Both maternal prepregnancy BMI and GWG were inversely associated with daughter’s age at menarche after adjustment for maternal age, parity, socioeconomic status, smoking, maternal menarcheal age, and ethnicity (mean differences were −0.34 months (95% confidence interval: −0.45, −0.22) per BMI unit and −0.17 months (95% confidence interval: −0.26, −0.07) per kg, respectively). Associations remained unchanged after adjustment for birth weight and gestational age but were attenuated to the null when results were adjusted for daughter’s prepubertal BMI. Similar results were found for ages at pubarche and thelarche. These findings indicate that greater prepregnancy BMI and GWG are associated with earlier puberty in daughters and that these associations are mediated by daughters’ prepubertal BMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B Lawn
- School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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13
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Warrington NM, Richmond R, Fenstra B, Myhre R, Gaillard R, Paternoster L, Wang CA, Beaumont RN, Das S, Murcia M, Barton SJ, Espinosa A, Thiering E, Atalay M, Pitkänen N, Ntalla I, Jonsson AE, Freathy R, Karhunen V, Tiesler CMT, Allard C, Crawford A, Ring SM, Melbye M, Magnus P, Rivadeneira F, Skotte L, Hansen T, Marsh J, Guxens M, Holloway JW, Grallert H, Jaddoe VWV, Lowe Jr WL, Roumeliotaki T, Hattersley AT, Lindi V, Pahkala K, Panoutsopoulou K, Standl M, Flexeder C, Bouchard L, Aagaard Nohr E, Marina LS, Kogevinas M, Niinikoski H, Dedoussis G, Heinrich J, Reynolds RM, Lakka T, Zeggini E, Raitakari OT, Chatzi L, Inskip HM, Bustamante M, Hivert MF, Jarvelin MR, Sørensen TIA, Pennell C, Felix JF, Jacobsson B, Geller F, Evans DM, Lawlor DA. Maternal and fetal genetic contribution to gestational weight gain. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:775-784. [PMID: 28990592 PMCID: PMC5784805 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical recommendations to limit gestational weight gain (GWG) imply high GWG is causally related to adverse outcomes in mother or offspring, but GWG is the sum of several inter-related complex phenotypes (maternal fat deposition and vascular expansion, placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal growth). Understanding the genetic contribution to GWG could help clarify the potential effect of its different components on maternal and offspring health. Here we explore the genetic contribution to total, early and late GWG. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A genome-wide association study was used to identify maternal and fetal variants contributing to GWG in up to 10 543 mothers and 16 317 offspring of European origin, with replication in 10 660 mothers and 7561 offspring. Additional analyses determined the proportion of variability in GWG from maternal and fetal common genetic variants and the overlap of established genome-wide significant variants for phenotypes relevant to GWG (for example, maternal body mass index (BMI) and glucose, birth weight). RESULTS Approximately 20% of the variability in GWG was tagged by common maternal genetic variants, and the fetal genome made a surprisingly minor contribution to explain variation in GWG. Variants near the pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein 5 (PSG5) gene reached genome-wide significance (P=1.71 × 10-8) for total GWG in the offspring genome, but did not replicate. Some established variants associated with increased BMI, fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes were associated with lower early, and higher later GWG. Maternal variants related to higher systolic blood pressure were related to lower late GWG. Established maternal and fetal birth weight variants were largely unrelated to GWG. CONCLUSIONS We found a modest contribution of maternal common variants to GWG and some overlap of maternal BMI, glucose and type 2 diabetes variants with GWG. These findings suggest that associations between GWG and later offspring/maternal outcomes may be due to the relationship of maternal BMI and diabetes with GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B Fenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Myhre
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Paternoster
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C A Wang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - S Das
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - S J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faulty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - M Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - N Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - I Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A E Jonsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Freathy
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - V Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - C M T Tiesler
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - C Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - A Crawford
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S M Ring
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- ALSPAC (Children of the 90s), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P Magnus
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - F Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Marsh
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - V W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W L Lowe Jr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - A T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - V Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical Activity, Turku, Finland
| | - K Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - M Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - L Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine and life sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - E Aagaard Nohr
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - L Santa Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Kogevinas
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - G Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - J Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R M Reynolds
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Zeggini
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - O T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - L Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faulty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - M Bustamante
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M-F Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine at Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M-R Jarvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - T I A Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formally the Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Pennell
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalization, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - F Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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14
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Franzago M, Fraticelli F, Marchetti D, Celentano C, Liberati M, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. Nutrigenetic variants and cardio-metabolic risk in women with or without gestational diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 137:64-71. [PMID: 29325775 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most frequent metabolic disorder in pregnancy and it can be considered a silent risk associated to T2DM and CVD later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of clinical parameters with nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved with nutrients and metabolism in women with or without GDM in order to identify potential routine clinical markers for early prevention. METHODS Nine gene variants associated with nutrients and metabolism, namely PPARG2 rs1801282 (C > G); PPARGC1A rs8192678 (C > T); TCF7L2 rs7903146 (C > T); LDLR rs2228671 (C > T); MTHFR rs1801133 (C > T); APOA5 rs662799 (T > C); GCKR rs1260326 (C > T); FTO rs9939609 (T > A); MC4R rs17782313 (T > C) were genotyped in 104 GDM cases and 124 controls using High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis. RESULTS The genetic variant rs7903146 (C > T) in TCF7L2 gene showed a strong association with GDM risk (OR: 2.56; 95% CI: [1.24-5.29]). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between lipid parameters and polymorphisms in other genes, namely PPARG2 [p = 0,03], APOA5 [p = 0,02], MC4R [p = 0,03], LDLR [p = 0,04] and FTO [p = 0,03]. In addition, rs17782313 variant, mapped close to MC4R gene, was associated to BMI in pre-pregnancy [p = 0,02] and at the end of pregnancy [p = 0,03] in GDM group. CONCLUSION In our study, we found significant associations between routine clinical parameters and some gene variants connected with nutrients and metabolism in women with GDM. These results can provide useful information to develop effective tools and possible personalized intervention strategies in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Fraticelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniela Marchetti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Celentano
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Liberati
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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15
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The Association between Obesity-Risk Genes and Gestational Weight Gain Is Modified by Dietary Intake in African American Women. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:5080492. [PMID: 29686896 PMCID: PMC5852892 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5080492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-risk genes have been associated with dietary intake, appetite regulation, and gestational weight gain (GWG). The purpose of this study was to examine whether dietary intake including total energy intake and macronutrients modify or mediate the association between obesity-risk genes and GWG. An observational study was conducted with 85 African American pregnant women. Sociodemographic, medical, and lifestyle factors and dietary recalls were collected during pregnancy. Seven obesity-risk genetic variants were genotyped. Regression analyses with bootstrapping methods were used to examine the moderation and mediation effects of dietary intake. The mean GWG was 14.2 kg, and 55.3% of the women gained above the Institute of Medicine GWG guidelines. A nominally significant association was found between rs17782313 (close to MC4R) and percentage of energy intake from fat (P=0.043). A variant downstream of KCTD15 (rs11084753) was nominally significantly related to GWG (P=0.023). There was a significant interaction between the KCTD15 polymorphism and dietary fat intake (P=0.048). Women with the AG genotype gained more weight during pregnancy with more dietary fat consumption. In conclusion, our results indicate that dietary macronutrients, especially fat intake, may modify the effect of the KCTD15 gene on GWG. Improved knowledge of gene-diet interactions can facilitate the development of personalized interventions.
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Groth SW, LaLonde A, Wu T, Fernandez ID. Obesity candidate genes, gestational weight gain, and body weight changes in pregnant women. Nutrition 2017; 48:61-66. [PMID: 29469022 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of two obesity-associated genes, FTO (rs9939609) and GNB3 (rs5443) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with early pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and postpartum weight retention. METHODS Secondary data analysis of self-identified white (n = 580) and black (n = 194) women who participated in a randomized controlled trial (2009-2014) and provided a saliva sample of DNA. Bivariate relationships were assessed using analysis of variance. Multiple regression models assessed the relationship between outcomes and gene SNPs, controlling for income, parity, and smoking status. RESULTS FTO and GNB3 gene associations with pregnancy weight were different by racial group and early pregnancy body mass index. Obese black women homozygote for the FTO risk allele (AA) had a higher gestational weight gain compared with non-risk homozygotes (TT) (P = 0.006). GNB3 non-risk CC homozygotes tended to have a lower gestational weight gain compared with heterozygotes (P = 0.05). White GNB3 C carriers tended to be heavier in early pregnancy (P <0.1) and GNB3 homozygote (TT) overweight women tended to have lower postpartum weight retention than C carriers. CONCLUSIONS The FTO gene and possibly the GNB3 gene are associated with high gestational weight gain in obese black women. Obese carriers of the FTO risk allele gained 4.1 kg (AT) and 7.6 kg (TT) more than those without risk alleles. Overweight GNB3 heterozygotes (CT) gained 6.6 kg less than homozygotes (CC). Overweight or obese black women who have either risk variant are at risk for high gestational weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan W Groth
- University of Rochester School of Nursing, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Amy LaLonde
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tongtong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - I Diana Fernandez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Meng Y, Groth SW, Stewart P, Smith JA. An Exploration of the Determinants of Gestational Weight Gain in African American Women: Genetic Factors and Energy Expenditure. Biol Res Nurs 2017; 20:118-125. [PMID: 29161908 DOI: 10.1177/1099800417743326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) has a long-term impact on women's body weight and contributes to the development of obesity in the mother and her child. Many risk factors for GWG have been identified, but to date, only 6-33.8% of the variance in GWG has been explained. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the overall variance of GWG that can be explained by including weight-adjusted resting metabolic rate (aRMR) and a genetic risk score constructed on obesity-related genes in addition to sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. METHODS In this observational study involving 55 African American women, data collected/measured during pregnancy included sociodemographic factors, medical information, lifestyle factors, aRMR, and seven obesity-related genes. Multivariable linear regression was performed to evaluate the variance in GWG explained by the potential risk factors listed above. RESULTS The mean GWG was 15 kg (±7.5 kg), and 63.6% of women gained more than the Institute of Medicine's GWG recommendations. The final regression model explained 53.3% of the variance in GWG. Higher genetic risk score, lower aRMR, and higher dietary intake of total energy and percentage of fat were significantly associated with increased GWG ( p < .05). These factors explained 18% additional variance in GWG over that explained by significant sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in the analysis (i.e., maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, parity, illegal drug use, and education). CONCLUSION Overall, our results indicate that the genetic risk score, aRMR, and dietary intake have a substantial impact on GWG in African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- 1 Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,2 School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Susan W Groth
- 2 School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Stewart
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joyce A Smith
- 2 School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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The importance of gene-environment interactions in human obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1571-97. [PMID: 27503943 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide obesity epidemic has been mainly attributed to lifestyle changes. However, who becomes obese in an obesity-prone environment is largely determined by genetic factors. In the last 20 years, important progress has been made in the elucidation of the genetic architecture of obesity. In parallel with successful gene identifications, the number of gene-environment interaction (GEI) studies has grown rapidly. This paper reviews the growing body of evidence supporting gene-environment interactions in the field of obesity. Heritability, monogenic and polygenic obesity studies provide converging evidence that obesity-predisposing genes interact with a variety of environmental, lifestyle and treatment exposures. However, some skepticism remains regarding the validity of these studies based on several issues, which include statistical modelling, confounding, low replication rate, underpowered analyses, biological assumptions and measurement precision. What follows in this review includes (1) an introduction to the study of GEI, (2) the evidence of GEI in the field of obesity, (3) an outline of the biological mechanisms that may explain these interaction effects, (4) methodological challenges associated with GEI studies and potential solutions, and (5) future directions of GEI research. Thus far, this growing body of evidence has provided a deeper understanding of GEI influencing obesity and may have tremendous applications in the emerging field of personalized medicine and individualized lifestyle recommendations.
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Saucedo R, Valencia J, Gutierrez C, Basurto L, Hernandez M, Puello E, Rico G, Vega G, Zarate A. Gene variants in the FTO gene are associated with adiponectin and TNF-alpha levels in gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:32. [PMID: 28507607 PMCID: PMC5427601 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity may have a role in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene have been associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate SNPs rs8050136, rs9939609, and rs1421085 of the FTO gene in women with GDM and their associations with maternal pre-pregnancy weight and body mass index, gestational weight gain and mediators of insulin resistance in GDM like leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), compared with healthy pregnant controls. METHODS 80 women with GDM and 80 women with normal pregnancy were considered for the present study. Genotyping of selected SNPs in all study subjects was done using the Taq-Man assay and the adipokines and ghrelin were measured by immunoassays. Chi square test, odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the strength of association between FTO SNPs and GDM. RESULTS There was no association among FTO SNPs and GDM. Interestingly, in GDM group, women carrying the risk alleles of the three SNPs had increased TNF-alpha, and decreased adiponectin levels; these associations remained significant after adjusting for pre-gestational body weight and age. Moreover, the risk allele of rs1421085 was also associated with increased weight gain during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The FTP SNPs rs8050136, rs9939609, and rs1421085 are not a major genetic regulator in the etiology of GDM in the studied ethnic group. However, these SNPs were associated with adiponectin and TNF-alpha concentrations in GDM subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Saucedo
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Valencia
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gutierrez
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Basurto
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcelino Hernandez
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgardo Puello
- Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Center La Raza, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Rico
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria Vega
- Unit of Experimental Medicine, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Zarate
- Endocrine Research Unit, National Medical Center, IMSS, Cuauhtemoc 330, 06720 Mexico City, Mexico
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Li A, Teo KK, Morrison KM, McDonald SD, Atkinson SA, Anand SS, Meyre D. A genetic link between prepregnancy body mass index, postpartum weight retention, and offspring weight in early childhood. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:236-243. [PMID: 27883278 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on maternal and offspring obesity traits, as well as the maternal and offspring genetic contribution to GWG and postpartum weight retention, were examined. METHODS Blood samples from mothers (n = 608) and offspring (n = 541) were genotyped for 83 BMI-associated SNPs and 47 waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)-associated SNPs. Linear regression and mixed-effects regression models were performed to examine clinical epidemiological and genetic associations with unweighted and weighted BMI and WHR genetic risk scores (GRS). RESULTS Prepregnancy BMI was positively associated with offspring weight and BMI Z-score from birth to 5 years. GWG was positively associated with maternal postpartum weight retention at 1 and 5 years and with offspring weight Z-score from birth to 5 years old. The maternal unweighted BMI GRS was associated with prepregnancy BMI, postpartum weight retention at 5 years, and offspring weight Z-score from birth to 5 years old, but not associated with GWG. Both maternal and offspring unweighted WHR GRSs were negatively associated with GWG. CONCLUSIONS Maternal BMI-associated SNPs may contribute to the genetic link between prepregnancy BMI variation, long-term postpartum weight retention, and offspring birth weight and longitudinal weight. Maternal and offspring WHR-associated SNPs may contribute to GWG variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koon K Teo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah D McDonald
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Atkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Association of the FTO (rs9939609) and MC4R (rs17782313) gene polymorphisms with maternal body weight during pregnancy. Nutrition 2016; 32:1223-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bhattacharya S, McNeill G, Raja EA, Allan K, Clark H, Reynolds RM, Norman JE, Hannaford PC. Maternal gestational weight gain and offspring's risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Heart 2016; 102:1456-63. [PMID: 27173505 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) on adult offspring mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and cerebrovascular morbidity. METHODS The Aberdeen Children of the Nineteen Fifties (ACONF) is a population-based cohort of adults born in Aberdeen, Scotland between 1950 and 1956. GWG of the mothers of cohort members was extracted from original birth records and linked to the data on offspring morbidity and mortality up to 2011 obtained from Scottish national records. HRs for cardiovascular events and mortality in offspring according to maternal weight gain in pregnancy were estimated adjusting for maternal and offspring confounders using a restricted cubic spline model. RESULTS After exclusions, 3781 members of the original ACONF cohort were analysed. Of these, 103 (2.7%) had died, 169 (4.5%) had suffered at least one cardiovascular event and 73 (1.9%) had had a hospital admission for cerebrovascular disease. Maternal weight gain of 1 kg/week or more was associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular event in the offspring (adjusted HR 2.70 (95% CI 1.19 to 6.12)). There was no association seen between GWG and offspring's all-cause mortality or cardiovascular event. Adult offspring characteristics (smoking, body mass index (BMI) and diabetes) were strongly associated with each outcome. CONCLUSIONS Maternal GWG above 0.9 kg/week may increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease in the adult offspring, but not all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease. Health and lifestyle factors such as smoking, BMI and diabetes in the adult offspring had a stronger influence than maternal and birth characteristics on their mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bhattacharya
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - G McNeill
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - E A Raja
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - K Allan
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - H Clark
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - R M Reynolds
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J E Norman
- Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P C Hannaford
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Larsen SC, Ängquist L, Laurin C, Morgen CS, Jakobsen MU, Paternoster L, Smith GD, Olsen SF, Sørensen TIA, Nohr EA. Association between Maternal Fish Consumption and Gestational Weight Gain: Influence of Molecular Genetic Predisposition to Obesity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150105. [PMID: 26930408 PMCID: PMC4773113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies suggest that fish consumption can restrict weight gain. However, little is known about how fish consumption affects gestational weight gain (GWG), and whether this relationship depends on genetic makeup. Objective To examine the association between fish consumption and GWG, and whether this relationship is dependent on molecular genetic predisposition to obesity. Design A nested case-cohort study based on the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) sampling the most obese women (n = 990) and a random sample of the remaining participants (n = 1,128). Replication of statistically significant findings was attempted in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (n = 4,841). We included 32 body mass index (BMI) associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 5 SNPs found associated with GWG. BMI associated SNPs were combined in a genetic risk score (GRS). Associations between consumption of fish, GRS or individual variants and GWG were analysed, and interactions between fish and the GRS or individual variants were examined. Results In the DNBC, each portion/week (150 g) of fatty fish was associated with a higher GWG of 0.58 kg (95% CI: 0.16, 0.99, P<0.01). For total fish and lean fish, similar patterns were observed, but these associations were not statistically significant. We found no association between GRS and GWG, and no interactions between GRS and dietary fish on GWG. However, we found an interaction between the PPARG Pro12Ala variant and dietary fish. Each additional Pro12Ala G-allele was associated with a GWG of -0.83 kg (95% CI: -1.29, -0.37, P<0.01) per portion/week of dietary fish, with the same pattern for both lean and fatty fish. In ALSPAC, we were unable to replicate these findings. Conclusion We found no consistent evidence of association between fish consumption and GWG, and our results indicate that the association between dietary fish and GWG has little or no dependency on GRS or individual SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies at the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, the Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles Laurin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla S. Morgen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne U. Jakobsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sjurdur F. Olsen
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Centre for Fetal Programming, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen A. Nohr
- Research Unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Gesteiro E, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Ortega-Azorín C, Guillén M, Corella D, Bastida S. Maternal and neonatal FTO rs9939609 polymorphism affect insulin sensitivity markers and lipoprotein profile at birth in appropriate-for-gestational-age term neonates. J Physiol Biochem 2016; 72:169-81. [PMID: 26851950 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-016-0467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of maternal fat mass and obesity (FTO) gene polymorphism on neonatal insulin sensitivity/resistance biomarkers and lipoprotein profile has not been tested. The study aimed to assess the association between the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism in mother-neonate couples and neonatal anthropometrical measurements, insulin sensitivity/resistance, and lipid and lipoprotein concentrations at birth. Fifty-three term, appropriate-for-gestational-age, Caucasian newborns together with their respective mothers participated in a cross-sectional study. Sixty-six percent of mothers and neonates carried the A allele (being AA or AT). TT mothers gained less weight during pregnancy, but non-significant maternal gene influence was found for neonatal bodyweight, body mass index, or ponderal index. Neonates from AA + AT mothers showed lower glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) but higher homeostatic model assessment insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) and homocysteine than neonates whose mothers were TT. AA + AT neonates had higher insulin and HOMA-IR than TT. The genotype neonatal × maternal association was tested in the following four groups of neonates: TT neonates × TT mothers (nTT × mTT), TT neonates × AA + AT mothers (nTT × mAA + AT), AA + AT neonates × TT mothers (nAA + AT × mTT), and AA + AT neonates × AA + AT mothers (nAA + AT × mAA + AT). Non-significant interactions between neonatal and maternal alleles were found for any parameter tested. However, maternal alleles affected significantly glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and homocysteine while neonatal alleles the arylesterase activity. Most significant differences were found between nATT + AA × mTT and nATT + AA × mAA + AT. Glycemia, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR were lower, while the Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) was higher in the mAA + AT vs. mTT whose children were AA + AT. This dietary fact seems to counterbalance the potential negative effect on glucose homeostasis of the obesogenic A allele in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gesteiro
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital de Mérida, Polígono Nueva Ciudad s/n, 06800, Mérida (Badajoz), Spain
| | - Francisco J Sánchez-Muniz
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carolina Ortega-Azorín
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, ISCIII, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marisa Guillén
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, ISCIII, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, ISCIII, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología I (Nutrición), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Heritability of gestational weight gain--a Swedish register-based twin study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2015; 18:410-8. [PMID: 26111621 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a complex trait involving intrauterine environmental, maternal environmental, and genetic factors. However, the extent to which these factors contribute to the total variation in GWG is unclear. We therefore examined the genetic and environmental influences on the variation in GWG in the first and second pregnancy in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin mother-pairs. Further, we explored if any co-variance existed between factors influencing the variation in GWG of the mothers’ first and second pregnancies. By using Swedish nationwide record-linkage data, we identified 694 twin mother-pairs with complete data on their first pregnancy and 465 twin mother-pairs with complete data on their second pregnancy during 1982–2010. For a subanalysis, 143 twin mother-pairs had complete data on two consecutive pregnancies during the study period. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the contribution of genetic, shared, and unique environmental factors to the variation in GWG. A bivariate Cholesky decomposition model was used for the subanalysis. We found that genetic factors explained 43% (95% CI: 36–51%) of the variation in GWG in the first pregnancy and 26% (95% CI: 16–36%) in the second pregnancy. The remaining variance was explained by unique environmental factors. Both overlapping and distinct genetic and unique environmental factors influenced GWG in the first and the second pregnancy. This study showed that GWG has a moderate heritability, suggesting that a large part of the variation in the trait can be explained by unique environmental factors.
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Lin X, Aris IM, Tint MT, Soh SE, Godfrey KM, Yeo GSH, Kwek K, Chan JKY, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Yap F, Holbrook JD, Lee YS. Ethnic Differences in Effects of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy and Pregnancy Adiposity on Offspring Size and Adiposity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100. [PMID: 26200236 PMCID: PMC4628100 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal adiposity and overnutrition, both before and during pregnancy, plays a key role in the subsequent development of obesity and metabolic outcomes in offspring. OBJECTIVE We explored the hypothesis that maternal adiposity (pre-pregnancy and at 26-28 weeks' gestation) and mid-pregnancy gestational weight gain (GWG) are independently associated with offspring size and adiposity in early childhood, and determined whether these effects are ethnicity dependent. DESIGN In a prospective mother-offspring cohort study (N = 976, 56% Chinese, 26% Malay, and 18% Indian), we assessed the associations of offspring size (weight, length) and adiposity (subscapular and triceps skinfolds), measured at birth and age 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo, with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI), mid-pregnancy GWG, and mid-pregnancy four-site skinfold thicknesses (triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac). RESULTS ppBMI and mid-pregnancy GWG were independently associated with postnatal weight up to 2 y and skinfold thickness at birth. Weight and subscapular and triceps skinfolds at birth increased by 2.56% (95% confidence interval, 1.68-3.45%), 3.85% (2.16-5.57%), and 2.14% (0.54-3.75%), respectively for every SD increase in ppBMI. Similarly, a one-SD increase in GWG increased weight and subscapular and triceps skinfolds at birth by 2.44% (1.66-3.23%), 3.28% (1.75-4.84%), and 3.23% (1.65-4.84%), respectively. ppBMI and mid-pregnancy suprailiac skinfold independently predicted postnatal skinfold adiposity up to 2 years of age, whereas only GWG predicted postnatal length. The associations of GWG with postnatal weight and length were present only among Chinese and Indians, but not Malays (P < .05 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS ppBMI and GWG are independent modifiable factors for child size and adiposity up to 2 years of age. The associations are ethnic-dependent, and underscore the importance of ethnic specific studies before generalizing the applicability of risk factors reported in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Shu E Soh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - George Seow-Heong Yeo
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Kenneth Kwek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Jerry Kok-Yen Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (X.L., P.D.G., Y.S.C., J.D.H., Y.S.L.), 117609 Singapore; Department of Paediatrics (I.M.A., S.E.S., Y.S.L.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (M.T.T., Y.S.C.), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119228 Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (S.E.S.), National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (K.M.G.), University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD United Kingdom; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine (G.S.-H.Y., K.K.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Reproductive Medicine (J.K.-Y.C.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease (P.D.G.), Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Paediatrics (F.Y.), KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899 Singapore; Department of Biochemistry (J.D.H.), National University of Singapore, 117596 Singapore; and Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (Y.S.L.), Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, 119228 Singapore
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Sharp GC, Lawlor DA, Richmond RC, Fraser A, Simpkin A, Suderman M, Shihab HA, Lyttleton O, McArdle W, Ring SM, Gaunt TR, Davey Smith G, Relton CL. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain, offspring DNA methylation and later offspring adiposity: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Int J Epidemiol 2015; 44:1288-304. [PMID: 25855720 PMCID: PMC4588865 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that in utero exposure to undernutrition and overnutrition might affect adiposity in later life. Epigenetic modification is suggested as a plausible mediating mechanism. Methods: We used multivariable linear regression and a negative control design to examine offspring epigenome-wide DNA methylation in relation to maternal and offspring adiposity in 1018 participants. Results: Compared with neonatal offspring of normal weight mothers, 28 and 1621 CpG sites were differentially methylated in offspring of obese and underweight mothers, respectively [false discovert rate (FDR)-corrected P-value < 0.05), with no overlap in the sites that maternal obesity and underweight relate to. A positive association, where higher methylation is associated with a body mass index (BMI) outside the normal range, was seen at 78.6% of the sites associated with obesity and 87.9% of the sites associated with underweight. Associations of maternal obesity with offspring methylation were stronger than associations of paternal obesity, supporting an intrauterine mechanism. There were no consistent associations of gestational weight gain with offspring DNA methylation. In general, sites that were hypermethylated in association with maternal obesity or hypomethylated in association with maternal underweight tended to be positively associated with offspring adiposity, and sites hypomethylated in association with maternal obesity or hypermethylated in association with maternal underweight tended to be inversely associated with offspring adiposity. Conclusions: Our data suggest that both maternal obesity and, to a larger degree, underweight affect the neonatal epigenome via an intrauterine mechanism, but weight gain during pregnancy has little effect. We found some evidence that associations of maternal underweight with lower offspring adiposity and maternal obesity with greater offspring adiposity may be mediated via increased DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma C Sharp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Abigail Fraser
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Andrew Simpkin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Hashem A Shihab
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Oliver Lyttleton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Wendy McArdle
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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28
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Descamps OS, Tarantino E, Guilmot PF. Does FTO have a paradoxical effect in fetal life? BMC Genet 2014; 15:145. [PMID: 25539997 PMCID: PMC4332444 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-014-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low weight at birth is associated with obesity in later life. One hypothesis to explain such an association is that genetic variants that increase the risk of obesity also reduce fetal weight. Recently, obesity in adults was found to be associated with common variants of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene. We examined the association between FTO polymorphisms and birth weight in a singleton, full-term birth cohort of 494 newborn-mother pairs without any complications. Results The risk alleles for obesity (“A” allele for the rs9939609 FTO variant and “G” allele for the rs9930506 FTO variant) were associated with low weight at birth. The mean differences per risk allele were −79 g (95% CI: −129 to −30; p = 0.002) for rs9939609 and −84 g (95% CI: −131 to −36; P < 0.001) for rs9930506. The level of association remained statistically significant after adjustment for the maternal risk allele and for variables usually associated with birth weight (−50 g, 95% CI: −99 to 0; p = 0.05 for rs9939609 and −48 g, 95% CI: −100 to 0; p = 0.05 for rs9930506). In the follow-up, the allelic difference in weight was attenuated over time. Conclusions The FTO variants that confer a predisposition to obesity later in life appear to be associated with low weight at birth. This finding favors the hypothesis of a common genetic denominator that predisposes to a low weight at birth and obesity in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier S Descamps
- Center for Medical Research at Jolimont, 159 Rue Ferrer, B-7100, Haine Saint-Paul, Belgium. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Jolimont-Lobbes, 159 Rue Ferrer, B-7100, Haine Saint-Paul, Belgium.
| | - Eric Tarantino
- Center for Medical Research at Jolimont, 159 Rue Ferrer, B-7100, Haine Saint-Paul, Belgium.
| | - Pierre-Francois Guilmot
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Jolimont-Lobbes, 159 Rue Ferrer, B-7100, Haine Saint-Paul, Belgium.
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Groth SW, Morrison-Beedy D. GNB3 and FTO Polymorphisms and Pregnancy Weight Gain in Black Women. Biol Res Nurs 2014; 17:405-12. [PMID: 25510251 DOI: 10.1177/1099800414561118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a modifiable risk factor for obesity in women. Black women have the greatest prevalence of high body mass, which predisposes them to excessive GWG. Increased understanding of genetic influences on GWG has implications for the health of women. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations of GNB3 and FTO risk alleles in pregnant women with prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG, and postpartum and infant birth weights. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was an observational, prospective candidate gene association study. Pregnant, low-income Black women (N = 97) were enrolled in early pregnancy and followed until 6 months postpartum. RESULTS GWG differed depending on number of FTO risk alleles. The mean 6-month postpartum BMI differed, although not significantly, by 4 kg/m(2) between homozygous women. There was an interaction between the FTO risk allele and prepregnancy BMI (p = .022), with obese homozygote AA women having significantly higher mean GWG than obese TT women. When controlling for age and smoking, the FTO gene and physical activity predicted GWG (p = .032). Although not statistically significant, women who carried the GNB3 T risk allele gained 6 pounds more than noncarriers, and mean 6-month postpartum BMI differed by 2.2 kg/m(2) between homozygous women. Neither the GNB3 nor FTO gene predicted prepregnancy BMI, infant birth weight, or postpartum weight. CONCLUSION Obese women homozygous for the FTO risk allele were at greater risk of excessive GWG compared to nonrisk allele homozygous obese women or nonobese women. This study provides evidence of the FTO gene's effect on GWG in Black women.
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30
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Dior UP, Lawrence GM, Sitlani C, Enquobahrie D, Manor O, Siscovick DS, Friedlander Y, Hochner H. Parental smoking during pregnancy and offspring cardio-metabolic risk factors at ages 17 and 32. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:430-7. [PMID: 24937467 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of maternal and/or paternal smoking during pregnancy with offspring cardio-metabolic risk (CMR) factors at adolescence and early adulthood, taking into account socio-demographic, medical and lifestyle characteristics of parents and offspring, as well as offspring common genetic variation. METHODS We used a population-based cohort of all 17 003 births in Jerusalem during 1974-76, with available archival data on parental and birth characteristics. Measurements at age 17 were assessed at military induction examinations for 11 530 offspring. 1440 offspring from the original 1974-1976 birth cohort were sampled using a stratified sampling approach, and were interviewed and examined at age 32. Parental smoking during pregnancy (i.e. maternal, paternal and any parent) was primarily defined dichotomously (any number of cigarettes smoked daily by mother or father during pregnancy vs. non-smokers). Additionally, smoking was assessed by quantity of cigarettes smoked daily. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations of parental smoking during pregnancy with various offspring CMR factors, after controlling for potential confounders and for genetic variation in candidate genes. RESULTS Prevalence of exposure to parental smoking in-utero (i.e. smoking of any parent) was 53.2% and 48.4% among the 17 years old and 32 years old samples, respectively. At age 17, smoking of at least one parent during pregnancy was significantly associated with weight (B = 1.39), height (B = 0.59), BMI (B = 0.32) and pulse rate (B = -0.78) (p-values < 0.001). At age 32, parental smoking, adjusted for covariates, was associated with 2.22 kg higher mean offspring weight, 0.95 cm higher mean offspring height, 0.57 kg/m(2) higher BMI, and 1.46 cm higher waist-circumference (p-values ≤ 0.02). Similar results, reflecting a dose response, were observed when maternal and paternal smokings were assessed by number of cigarettes smoked daily. CONCLUSIONS This prospective study demonstrates a potential long-term adverse effect of parental smoking during pregnancy on offspring health and calls for increasing efforts to promote smoking cessation of both parents before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri P Dior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Gabriella M Lawrence
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Colleen Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Daniel Enquobahrie
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Orly Manor
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, P.O.B. 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Widen EM, Gallagher D. Body composition changes in pregnancy: measurement, predictors and outcomes. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:643-52. [PMID: 24667754 PMCID: PMC4078736 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of overweight and obesity has risen in the United States over the past few decades. Concurrent with this rise in obesity has been an increase in pregravid body mass index and gestational weight gain affecting maternal body composition changes in pregnancy. During pregnancy, many of the assumptions inherent in body composition estimation are violated, particularly the hydration of fat-free mass, and available methods are unable to disentangle maternal composition from fetus and supporting tissues; therefore, estimates of maternal body composition during pregnancy are prone to error. Here we review commonly used and available methods for assessing body composition changes in pregnancy, including: (1) anthropometry, (2) total body water, (3) densitometry, (4) imaging, (5) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, (6) bioelectrical impedance and (7) ultrasound. Several of these methods can measure regional changes in adipose tissue; however, most of these methods provide only whole-body estimates of fat and fat-free mass. Consideration is given to factors that may influence changes in maternal body composition, as well as long-term maternal and offspring outcomes. Finally, we provide recommendations for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- EM Widen
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Gallagher
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Lawrence GM, Shulman S, Friedlander Y, Sitlani CM, Burger A, Savitsky B, Granot-Hershkovitz E, Lumley T, Kwok PY, Hesselson S, Enquobahrie D, Wander PL, Manor O, Siscovick DS, Hochner H. Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy and gestational body size with offspring longitudinal change in BMI. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1165-71. [PMID: 24124160 PMCID: PMC3968220 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies demonstrate associations between changes in obesity-related phenotypes and cardiovascular risk. Although maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (mppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) may be associated with adult offspring adiposity, no study has examined associations with obesity changes. Associations of mppBMI and GWG with longitudinal change in offspring's BMI (ΔBMI) were examined, and whether associations are explained by offspring genetics was assessed. METHODS A birth cohort of 1400 adults, with data at birth, age 17 and 32 years was used. After genotyping offspring, genetic scores, predictive of exposures and outcome were created, and linear regression models with and without scores were fit to examine the associations of mppBMI and GWG with ΔBMI. RESULTS A one SD change in mppBMI and GWG was associated with a 0.83 and a 0.75 kg/m² increase in ΔBMI, respectively. The association between mppBMI and offspring ΔBMI was slightly attenuated (12%) with the addition of genetic scores. In the GWG model, a significant substantial 28.2% decrease in the coefficient was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study points to an association between maternal excess weight in pregnancy and offspring BMI change from adolescence to adulthood. Genetic factors may account, in part, for GWG/ΔBMI association. These findings broaden observations that maternal obesity-related phenotypes have long-term consequences for offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Lawrence
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Wander PL, Hochner H, Sitlani CM, Enquobahrie DA, Lumley T, Lawrence GM, Burger A, Savitsky B, Manor O, Meiner V, Hesselson S, Kwok PY, Siscovick DS, Friedlander Y. Maternal genetic variation accounts in part for the associations of maternal size during pregnancy with offspring cardiometabolic risk in adulthood. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91835. [PMID: 24670385 PMCID: PMC3966761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal pre-pregnancy body-mass index (ppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with cardiometabolic risk (CMR) traits in the offspring. The extent to which maternal genetic variation accounts for these associations is unknown. METHODS/RESULTS In 1249 mother-offspring pairs recruited from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study, we used archival data to characterize ppBMI and GWG and follow-up data from offspring to assess CMR, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glucose, insulin, blood pressure, and lipid levels, at an average age of 32. Maternal genetic risk scores (GRS) were created using a subset of SNPs most predictive of ppBMI, GWG, and each CMR trait, selected among 1384 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) characterizing variation in 170 candidate genes potentially related to fetal development and/or metabolic risk. We fit linear regression models to examine the associations of ppBMI and GWG with CMR traits with and without adjustment for GRS. Compared to unadjusted models, the coefficient for the association of a one-standard-deviation (SD) difference in GWG and offspring BMI decreased by 41% (95%CI -81%, -11%) from 0.847 to 0.503 and the coefficient for a 1SD difference in GWG and WC decreased by 63% (95%CI -318%, -11%) from 1.196 to 0.443. For other traits, there were no statistically significant changes in the coefficients for GWG with adjustment for GRS. None of the associations of ppBMI with CMR traits were significantly altered by adjustment for GRS. CONCLUSIONS Maternal genetic variation may account in part for associations of GWG with offspring BMI and WC in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandora L. Wander
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gabriela M. Lawrence
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayala Burger
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bella Savitsky
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Manor
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Human Genetics, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stephanie Hesselson
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Pui Y. Kwok
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David S. Siscovick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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The protective effect of the obesity-associated rs9939609 A variant in fat mass- and obesity-associated gene on depression. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:1281-6. [PMID: 23164817 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have not identified common variants, which are reliably associated with depression. The recent identification of obesity predisposing genes that are highly expressed in the brain raises the possibility of their genetic contribution to depression. As variation in the intron 1 of the fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene contributes to polygenic obesity, we assessed the possibility that FTO gene may contribute to depression in a cross-sectional multi-ethnic sample of 6561 depression cases and 21,932 controls selected from the EpiDREAM, INTERHEART, DeCC (depression case-control study) and Cohorte Lausannoise (CoLaus) studies. Major depression was defined according to DSM IV diagnostic criteria. Association analyses were performed under the additive genetic model. A meta-analysis of the four studies showed a significant inverse association between the obesity risk FTO rs9939609 A variant and depression (odds ratio=0.92 (0.89, 0.97), P=3 × 10(-4)) adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity/population structure and body-mass index (BMI) with no significant between-study heterogeneity (I(2)=0%, P=0.63). The FTO rs9939609 A variant was also associated with increased BMI in the four studies (β 0.30 (0.08, 0.51), P=0.0064) adjusted for age, sex and ethnicity/population structure. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence that the FTO rs9939609 A variant may be associated with a lower risk of depression independently of its effect on BMI. This study highlights the potential importance of obesity predisposing genes on depression.
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Gaillard R, Durmuş B, Hofman A, Mackenbach JP, Steegers EAP, Jaddoe VWV. Risk factors and outcomes of maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1046-55. [PMID: 23784909 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age is increasing. We aimed to determine risk factors and maternal, fetal and childhood consequences of maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain. DESIGN AND METHODS The study was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study among 6959 mothers and their children. The study was based in Rotterdam, The Netherlands (2001-2005). RESULTS Maternal lower educational level, lower household income, multiparity, and FTO risk allel were associated with an increased risk of maternal obesity, whereas maternal European ethnicity, nulliparity, higher total energy intake, and smoking during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of excessive gestational weight gain (all p-values <0.05). As compared to normal weight, maternal obesity was associated with increased risks of gestational hypertension (OR 6.31 (95% CI 4.30, 9.26)), preeclampsia (OR (3.61, (95% CI 2.04, 6.39)), gestational diabetes (OR 6.28 (95%CI 3.01, 13.06)), caesarean delivery (OR 1.91 (95% CI 1.46, 2.50)), delivering large size for gestational age infants (OR 2.97 (95% CI 2.16, 4.08)), and childhood obesity (OR 5.02 (95% CI:2.97, 8.45)). Weaker associations of excessive gestational weight gain with maternal, fetal and childhood outcomes were observed, with the strongest effects for first trimester weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that maternal obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy are associated with socio-demographic, lifestyle, and genetic factors and with increased risks of adverse maternal, fetal and childhood outcomes. As compared to prepregnancy overweight and obesity, excessive gestational weight gain has a limited influence on adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Gaillard
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Lawlor DA. The Society for Social Medicine John Pemberton Lecture 2011. Developmental overnutrition—an old hypothesis with new importance?*. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42:7-29. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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37
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Fraser A, Macdonald-Wallis C, Tilling K, Boyd A, Golding J, Davey Smith G, Henderson J, Macleod J, Molloy L, Ness A, Ring S, Nelson SM, Lawlor DA. Cohort Profile: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42:97-110. [PMID: 22507742 PMCID: PMC3600619 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dys066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1613] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary The Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents (ALSPAC) was established to understand how genetic and environmental characteristics influence health and development in parents and children. All pregnant women resident in a defined area in the South West of England, with an expected date of delivery between 1st April 1991 and 31st December 1992, were eligible and 13761 women (contributing 13867 pregnancies) were recruited. These women have been followed over the last 19-22 years and have completed up to 20 questionnaires, have had detailed data abstracted from their medical records and have information on any cancer diagnoses and deaths through record linkage. A follow-up assessment was completed 17-18 years postnatal at which anthropometry, blood pressure, fat, lean and bone mass and carotid intima media thickness were assessed, and a fasting blood sample taken. The second follow-up clinic, which additionally measures cognitive function, physical capability, physical activity (with accelerometer) and wrist bone architecture, is underway and two further assessments with similar measurements will take place over the next 5 years. There is a detailed biobank that includes DNA, with genome-wide data available on >10000, stored serum and plasma taken repeatedly since pregnancy and other samples; a wide range of data on completed biospecimen assays are available. Details of how to access these data are provided in this cohort profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Fraser
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Corrie Macdonald-Wallis
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Andy Boyd
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Jean Golding
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - John Henderson
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - John Macleod
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Lynn Molloy
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Andy Ness
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Ring
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Scott M Nelson
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational
Epidemiology, University of Bristol, UK, School of Social and Community
Medicine, University of Bristol, UK, School of Oral and Dental Sciences,
University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK and School of
Medicine, University of Glasgow, UK
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Wehby GL, von Hinke Kessler Scholder S. Genetic instrumental variable studies of effects of prenatal risk factors. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2013; 59:4-36. [PMID: 23701534 PMCID: PMC3690512 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2013.774615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the effects of maternal risk factors during pregnancy on infant and child health is an area of tremendous research interest. However, policymakers are primarily interested in unraveling the causal effects of prenatal risk factors, not their associations with child health, which may be confounded by several unobserved factors. In this article, we evaluate the utility of genetic variants in three genes that have unequivocal evidence of being related to three major risk factors-CHRNA3 for smoking, ADH1B for alcohol use, and FTO for obesity-as instrumental variables for identifying the causal effects of such factors during pregnancy. Using two independent datasets, we find that these variants are overall predictive of the risk factors and are not systematically related to observed confounders, suggesting that they may be useful instruments. We also find some suggestive evidence that genetic effects are stronger during than before pregnancy. We provide an empirical example illustrating the use of these genetic variants as instruments to evaluate the effects of risk factors on birth weight. Finally, we offer suggestions for researchers contemplating the use of these variants as instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L. Wehby
- Assistant Professor, Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, E205 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242, Phone: 1-319-384-5133, Fax: 1-319-384-5125,
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Lawlor DA, Relton C, Sattar N, Nelson SM. Maternal adiposity--a determinant of perinatal and offspring outcomes? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012; 8:679-88. [PMID: 23007319 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and animal data suggest that maternal obesity during pregnancy adversely affects offspring health in the short-term and the long-term. Whether these effects occur in humans and influence population health is less clear. This Review explores evidence from intervention studies and observational studies that have used designs (such as family-based comparisons and Mendelian randomization) that might help improve understanding of the causal effects of maternal obesity in humans. Collectively, human studies provide evidence that maternal overweight and obesity is causally related to pregnancy complications, increased offspring weight and adiposity at birth, and the difficulties associated with delivery of large-for-gestational-age infants. The underlying mechanisms for these effects probably involve maternal and fetal dysregulation of glucose, insulin, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Some evidence exists that extreme maternal obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m(2)) is causally related to a long-term increase in offspring adiposity, but further exploration of this relationship is needed. High gestational weight gain may result in a long-term increase in offspring adiposity if women are already overweight or have obesity at the start of pregnancy. To date, little high-quality human evidence exists that any of these effects are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, but approaches to appropriately test this possibility are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie A Lawlor
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
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40
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Poston L. Maternal obesity, gestational weight gain and diet as determinants of offspring long term health. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 26:627-39. [PMID: 22980045 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the increasingly prolific literature from studies in man and animals suggesting that maternal obesity, a diet rich in calories or excess gestational weight gain may, through perturbation of the intrauterine environment, lead to lifelong risk of obesity and related disorders in the child. In addressing maternal- child obesity relationships it remains a challenge to distinguish the influence of the intrauterine environment from the contribution of shared genetic traits, and to adequately adjust for postnatal determinants of childhood obesity. Studies in genetically identical rodents convincingly show that maternal obesity, as well as elements of a hypercalorific diet can permanently influence offspring risk of obesity, and are these are supported by studies in larger mammals. Importantly, dissection of the mechanism in animals has led to description of novel interactive pathways between maternal environment and fetus which are amenable to investigation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Poston
- Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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41
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Hinkle SN, Sharma AJ, Swan DW, Schieve LA, Ramakrishnan U, Stein AD. Excess gestational weight gain is associated with child adiposity among mothers with normal and overweight prepregnancy weight status. J Nutr 2012; 142:1851-8. [PMID: 22955516 PMCID: PMC6498456 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.161158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are inconsistencies in the literature regarding the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and child adiposity. GWG is hypothesized to act on child adiposity directly through intrauterine programming and indirectly through birth weight. It is unclear if the relative importance of these pathways differs by prepregnancy BMI status. We analyzed data from 3600 participants of the nationally representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. Child BMI Z-score was calculated from height and weight measured at 5 y. Using linear regression, controlling for sociodemographics and family lifestyle, we examined prepregnancy BMI-specific associations between GWG and child BMI Z-score. There was a nonlinear association among normal (P < 0.001) and overweight mothers only (P = 0.013), such that GWG beyond the midpoint of the 2009 Institute of Medicine recommendations was associated with a significant increase in child BMI Z-score. After the addition of birth-weight-for-gestational-age and breastfeeding to the model, the association remained among normal-weight mothers (P = 0.005) and was slightly attenuated among overweight mothers (P = 0.09). No significant association was observed between GWG and child BMI Z-score among underweight or obese mothers. We used path analysis to decompose the total effect into direct and indirect effects. This indicated the presence of a stronger direct than indirect effect. In conclusion, low GWG is not associated with BMI Z-score among any prepregnancy BMI group. Excess GWG is associated with an increase in child BMI Z-score among normal and overweight mothers only. Prevention of excess GWG may be a strategy to prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie N. Hinkle
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andrea J. Sharma
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA,United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, GA,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Deanne W. Swan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Laura A. Schieve
- National Center for Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Aryeh D. Stein
- Nutrition and Health Sciences, Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To address the recent evidence which suggests that inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) may have consequences that extend to the longer term health of the child. RECENT FINDINGS Inadequate GWG is associated with low birthweight, and excessive GWG to delivery of large for gestational age infants . Recent studies report relationships between excessive GWG and neonatal adiposity, and with childhood and adult obesity. These appear to be independent of confounders such as socioeconomic status and a shared family environment, or hereditary traits for obesity, supporting the 'developmental origins of disease' hypothesis. SUMMARY Because of periods of developmental plasticity, the early life metabolic environment may contribute to the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease in later life. The mechanisms which explain the relationships between maternal GWG and later life obesity remain unknown. Large, well conducted, intervention randomized controlled trials in pregnant women are required to address relationships between GWG and offspring risk of disease, including characterization of potential mediators. These should lead to more targeted and effective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Poston
- Division of Women's Health, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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