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Therdyothin A, Prokopidis K, Galli F, Witard OC, Isanejad M. The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on muscle and whole-body protein synthesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae055. [PMID: 38777807 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Sarcopenia describes the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength that is driven, at least in part, by an imbalance between rates of muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown. An expanding body of literature has examined the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) ingestion on MPS rates in older adults, with mixed findings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of n-3 PUFA ingestion in stimulating rates of MPS and whole-body protein synthesis in healthy adults and clinical populations. DATA SOURCES Searches were conducted of the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases from inception until December 2022 for articles on randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of n-3 PUFA ingestion vs a control or placebo on rates of MPS and whole-body protein synthesis. The search yielded 302 studies, of which 8 were eligible for inclusion. DATA EXTRACTION The random effects inverse-variance model was used and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95%CIs were calculated to assess the pooled effect. Risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2 tool. DATA ANALYSIS The main analysis indicated no effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on MPS rates (k = 6; SMD: 0.03; 95%CI, -0.35 to 0.40; I2 = 30%; P = .89). Subgroup analysis based on age, n-3 PUFA dose, duration of supplementation, and method used to measure fractional synthetic rate also revealed no effect of n-3 PUFA ingestion on MPS. In contrast, the main analysis demonstrated an effect of n-3 PUFA ingestion on increasing whole-body protein synthesis rates (k = 3; SMD: 0.51; 95%CI, 0.12-0.90; I2 = 0%; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS n-3 PUFA ingestion augments the stimulation of whole-body protein synthesis rates in healthy adults and clinical populations. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. 42022366986.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiporn Therdyothin
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
- Department of Orthopedics, Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Piazza dell'Università, 1, Perugia PG, 06123, Italy
| | - Oliver C Witard
- Centre of Human & Applied Physiological Research, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Masoud Isanejad
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, United Kingdom
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Logesh R, Hari B, Chidambaram K, Das N. Molecular effects of Vitamin-D and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle combating Type-II diabetes mellitus. Gene 2024; 904:148216. [PMID: 38307219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Multiple post-receptor intracellular alterations such as impaired glucose transfer, glucose phosphorylation, decreased glucose oxidation, and glycogen production contribute to insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle, manifested by diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Type-2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) has caused by IR, which is also seen in obese patients and those with metabolic syndrome. The Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) roles in skeletal muscle growth, shapes, and function for combating type-2 diabetes have been clarified throughout this research. VDR and PUFAs appears to show a variety of effects on skeletal muscle, in addition it shows a promising role on bone and mineral homeostasis. Individuals having T2DM are reported to suffer from severe muscular weakness and alterations in shape of the muscle. Several studies have investigated the effect on VDR on muscular strength and mass, which leads to Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) in individuals, in which most commonly seen in elderly. VDR has been shown to affect skeletal cellular proliferation, intracellular calcium handling, as well as genomic activity in a variety of different ways such as muscle metabolism, insulin sensitivity, which is the major characteristic pathogenesis for IR in combating T2DM. The identified VDR gene polymorphisms are ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and BsmI that are associated with T2DM. This review collates informations on the mechanisms by which VDR activation takes place in skeletal muscles. Despite the significant breakthroughs made in recent decades, various studies show that IR affects VDR and PUFAs metabolism in skeletal muscle. Therefore, this review collates the data to show the role of VDR and PUFAs in the skeletal muscles to combat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Karnataka, India.
| | - Balaji Hari
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, JSS College of Pharmacy, The Nilgiris, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Al-Qara, Asir Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799155, Tripura, India
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Shannon CE, Ní Chathail MB, Mullin SM, Meehan A, McGillicuddy FC, Roche HM. Precision nutrition for targeting pathophysiology of cardiometabolic phenotypes. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:921-936. [PMID: 37402955 PMCID: PMC10492734 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a heterogenous disease accompanied by a broad spectrum of cardiometabolic risk profiles. Traditional paradigms for dietary weight management do not address biological heterogeneity between individuals and have catastrophically failed to combat the global pandemic of obesity-related diseases. Nutritional strategies that extend beyond basic weight management to instead target patient-specific pathophysiology are warranted. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the tissue-level pathophysiological processes that drive patient heterogeneity to shape distinct cardiometabolic phenotypes in obesity. Specifically, we discuss how divergent physiology and postprandial phenotypes can reveal key metabolic defects within adipose, liver, or skeletal muscle, as well as the integrative involvement of the gut microbiome and the innate immune system. Finally, we highlight potential precision nutritional approaches to target these pathways and discuss recent translational evidence concerning the efficacy of such tailored dietary interventions for different obesity phenotypes, to optimise cardiometabolic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Shannon
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, and Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Méabh B Ní Chathail
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, and Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Mullin
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, and Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Andrew Meehan
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, and Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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Norgren J, Sindi S, Sandebring-Matton A, Ngandu T, Kivipelto M, Kåreholt I. The Dietary Carbohydrate/Fat-Ratio and Cognitive Performance: Panel Analyses in Older Adults at Risk for Dementia. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100096. [PMID: 37275847 PMCID: PMC10236460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Roughly 80% of total energy intake (TEI) in most human diets originates from digestible carbohydrates (eCarb) and fat (eFat), but the impact of their proportions on cognitive performance is poorly understood. Objectives Our primary aim was to investigate estimates of global cognition in relation to macronutrient intake, with the log-ratio eCarb/eFat (CFr) as the primary predictor variable of interest. Secondary predictors were protein and the saturated/total fat ratio. Exploratory comparisons of CFr with eCarb and eFat as separate predictors were an additional aim. Methods The observations were made on panel data (years 0, 1, 2) from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability, n = 1251; age 60-77 y; 47% females; selected by risk factors for dementia. Self-reported diet was assessed by 3-d food records. Global cognition was measured using a modified Neuropsychological Test Battery. A mixed linear regression model was used, adjusted for age, sex, education, body-mass index, cholesterol-lowering drugs, TEI, time, time × intervention/control group, with study site and subject as random factors. Estimates were standardized (mean = 0; SD = 1) with 95% CI. Results CFr had a negative estimate to global cognition (β = -0.022, CI: -0.039, -0.005; P = 0.011). The point estimate for protein was β = 0.013 (P = 0.41), and for the saturated/total fat ratio, associations with cognition were nonlinear. CFr correlated highly with eCarb (Pearson's r = 0.92) and eFat (r = -0.94). The point estimate for CFr fell between eCarb (β = -0.026, P < 0.001) and (inversely) eFat (β = 0.017, P = 0.090). Conclusions A lower CFr was associated with better global cognition among older adults at risk for dementia. Because this is an important target group for preventive interventions, clinical trials are warranted to further investigate the impact of macronutritional composition on cognitive health. The potential role of CFr as a predictor for cognitive health should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Norgren
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shireen Sindi
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Sandebring-Matton
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Medical Unit Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholms Sjukhem, Research and Development Unit, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingemar Kåreholt
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, Aging Research Network-Jönköping, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Brayner B, Perez-Cornago A, Kaur G, Keske MA, Piernas C, Livingstone KM. Cross-sectional associations of dietary patterns characterized by fat type with markers of cardiometabolic health. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:797-808. [PMID: 36890071 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Individual dietary fats can differentially impact on cardiometabolic health. However, their impact within a dietary pattern is not well understood, and warrants comparison with diet quality scores with a dietary fat focus. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectional associations between a posteriori dietary patterns characterized by fat type and cardiometabolic health markers, and compare these with two diet quality scores. METHODS AND RESULTS UK Biobank adults with ≥two 24-h dietary assessments and data on cardiometabolic health were included (n = 24 553; mean age: 55.9 y). A posteriori dietary patterns (DP1; DP2) were generated through reduced rank regression (response variables: SFA, MUFA, PUFA). Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary patterns were created. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations between standardized dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein [CRP], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]). DP1, positively correlated with SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs, characterized by higher nuts, seeds and vegetables intake and lower fruits and low-fat yoghurt intake, was associated with lower HDL-C (β: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.10, -0.03) and triglycerides (-0.17; -0.23, -0.10) and higher LDL-C (0.07; 0.01,0.12), CRP (0.01; 0.01, 0.03) and HbA1c (0.16; 0.11,0.21). DP2, positively correlated with SFAs, negatively correlated with PUFAs, characterized by higher butter and high-fat cheese intake and lower nuts, seeds and vegetable intake, was associated with higher total cholesterol (0.10; 0.01, 0.21), VLDL-C (0.05; 0.02, 0.07), triglycerides (0.07; 0.01, 0.13), CRP (0.03; 0.02, 0,04) and HbA1c (0.06; 0.01, 0.11). Higher adherence to MDS and DASH was associated with favorable cardiometabolic health markers concentration. CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method used, dietary patterns that encourage healthy fat consumption were associated with favorable cardiometabolic health biomarkers. This study strengthens the evidence for incorporation of dietary fat type into policy and practice guidelines for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brayner
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Carmen Piernas
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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van Meijel RLJ, Blaak EE, Goossens GH. Effects of hypoxic exercise on 24-hour glucose profile and substrate metabolism in overweight and obese men with impaired glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E135-E143. [PMID: 36542847 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00230.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic exercise (HE) may have more pronounced effects on glucose homeostasis than exercise under normoxic conditions (NE), but effects on 24-h glucose profile and substrate utilization remain unclear. We investigated the effects of moderate-intensity HE compared with NE on 24-h glucose profile and substrate metabolism in overweight/obese individuals. Ten overweight/obese men with impaired glucose homeostasis participated in a randomized, single-blind, crossover trial. Participants performed moderate-intensity cycling exercise for 4 consecutive days under mild normobaric hypoxic ([Formula: see text]: 15%) or normoxic ([Formula: see text]: 21%) conditions at similar relative exercise intensity (2 × 30 min/day at 50% of maximal heart rate, with a ∼4-wk washout period. Twenty-four-hour glucose levels and systemic oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) were monitored throughout the study. At day 5, plasma metabolites and substrate oxidation were determined during a mixed-meal test under normoxic conditions. [Formula: see text] and absolute workload were lower (both P < 0.001), whereas heart rate was comparable during HE compared with NE. HE did not alter mean 24-h, daytime, and nighttime glucose concentrations, and measures of glycemic variability. However, the HE-induced decrease in [Formula: see text] was positively correlated with HE-induced improvements in mean 24-h (rs = 0.683, P = 0.042) and daytime (rs = 0.783, P = 0.013) glucose concentrations. HE at similar relative exercise intensity reduces [Formula: see text] and has comparable effects on mean 24-h glucose concentration and glycemic variability than NE in overweight/obese men with impaired glucose metabolism. Nevertheless, a more pronounced reduction in [Formula: see text] during HE was associated with lower 24-h glucose concentrations, suggesting that a marked hypoxic stimulus is needed to improve glucose homeostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that hypoxic exercise at similar relative exercise intensity (i.e. lower absolute workload) reduces systemic oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) and has comparable effects on mean 24-h glucose concentrations and glycemic variability than normoxic exercise in men with overweight/obesity and impaired glucose metabolism. A more pronounced reduction in [Formula: see text] during hypoxic exercise, however, was associated with lower 24-h and daytime glucose concentrations. Our findings suggest that a marked hypoxic stimulus may improve glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens L J van Meijel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Trouwborst I, Gijbels A, Jardon KM, Siebelink E, Hul GB, Wanders L, Erdos B, Péter S, Singh-Povel CM, de Vogel-van den Bosch J, Adriaens ME, Arts ICW, Thijssen DHJ, Feskens EJM, Goossens GH, Afman LA, Blaak EE. Cardiometabolic health improvements upon dietary intervention are driven by tissue-specific insulin resistance phenotype: A precision nutrition trial. Cell Metab 2023; 35:71-83.e5. [PMID: 36599304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Precision nutrition based on metabolic phenotype may increase the effectiveness of interventions. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated the effect of modulating dietary macronutrient composition according to muscle insulin-resistant (MIR) or liver insulin-resistant (LIR) phenotypes on cardiometabolic health. Women and men with MIR or LIR (n = 242, body mass index [BMI] 25-40 kg/m2, 40-75 years) were randomized to phenotype diet (PhenoDiet) group A or B and followed a 12-week high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA) diet or low-fat, high-protein, and high-fiber diet (LFHP) (PhenoDiet group A, MIR/HMUFA and LIR/LFHP; PhenoDiet group B, MIR/LFHP and LIR/HMUFA). PhenoDiet group B showed no significant improvements in the primary outcome disposition index, but greater improvements in insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, serum triacylglycerol, and C-reactive protein compared with PhenoDiet group A were observed. We demonstrate that modulating macronutrient composition within the dietary guidelines based on tissue-specific insulin resistance (IR) phenotype enhances cardiometabolic health improvements. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT03708419, CCMO registration NL63768.068.17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Trouwborst
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Gijbels
- TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly M Jardon
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Els Siebelink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gabby B Hul
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wanders
- TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Balázs Erdos
- TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Michiel E Adriaens
- TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ilja C W Arts
- TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; TI Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Bae H, Lam K, Jang C. Metabolic flux between organs measured by arteriovenous metabolite gradients. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1354-1366. [PMID: 36075951 PMCID: PMC9534916 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian organs convert dietary nutrients into circulating metabolites and share them to maintain whole-body metabolic homeostasis. While the concentrations of circulating metabolites have been frequently measured in a variety of pathophysiological conditions, the exchange flux of circulating metabolites between organs is not easily measurable due to technical difficulties. Isotope tracing is useful for measuring such fluxes for a metabolite of interest, but the shuffling of isotopic atoms between metabolites requires mathematical modeling. Arteriovenous metabolite gradient measurements can complement isotope tracing to infer organ-specific net fluxes of many metabolites simultaneously. Here, we review the historical development of arteriovenous measurements and discuss their advantages and limitations with key example studies that have revealed metabolite exchange flux between organs in diverse pathophysiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Bae
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Katie Lam
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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9
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Acute effects of prior dietary fat ingestion on postprandial metabolic responses to protein and carbohydrate co-ingestion in overweight and obese men: A randomised crossover trial. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1623-1635. [PMID: 35764009 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an impaired sensitivity to anabolic stimuli such as dietary protein (anabolic resistance). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may be protective against the deleterious effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA) on insulin resistance. However, the contribution of excess fat consumption to anabolic and insulin resistance and the interaction between SFA and n-3 PUFA is not well studied. AIM The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an oral fat pre-load, with or without the partial substitution of SFA with fish oil (FO)-derived n-3 PUFA, on indices of insulin and anabolic sensitivity in response to subsequent dietary protein and carbohydrate (dextrose) co-ingestion. METHODS Eight middle-aged males with overweight or obesity (52.8 ± 2.0 yr, BMI 31.8 ± 1.4 kg·m-2) ingested either an SFA, or isoenergetic SFA and FO emulsion (FO), or water/control (Con), 4 h prior to a bolus of milk protein and dextrose. RESULTS Lipid ingestion (in particular FO) impaired the early postprandial uptake of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) into the skeletal muscle in response to protein and dextrose, and attenuated the peak glycaemic response, but was not accompanied by differences in whole body (Matsuda Index: Con: 4.66 ± 0.89, SFA: 5.10 ± 0.94 and FO: 4.07 ± 0.59) or peripheral (forearm glucose netAUC: Con: 521.7 ± 101.7; SFA: 470.2 ± 125.5 and FO: 495.3 ± 101.6 μmol·min-1·100 g lean mass·min [t = 240-420 min]) insulin sensitivity between visits. Postprandial whole body fat oxidation was affected by visit (P = 0.024) with elevated rates in SFA and FO, relative to Con (1.85 ± 0.55; 2.19 ± 0.21 and 0.65 ± 0.35 kJ·h-1·kg-1 lean body mass, respectively), however muscle uptake of free fatty acids (FFA) was unaffected. CONCLUSION Oral lipid preloads, consisting of SFA and FO, impair the early postprandial BCAA uptake into skeletal muscle, which occurs independent of changes in insulin sensitivity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03146286.
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Mengeste AM, Nikolić N, Dalmao Fernandez A, Feng YZ, Nyman TA, Kersten S, Haugen F, Kase ET, Aas V, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH. Insight Into the Metabolic Adaptations of Electrically Pulse-Stimulated Human Myotubes Using Global Analysis of the Transcriptome and Proteome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:928195. [PMID: 35874526 PMCID: PMC9298736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.928195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) has proven to be a useful tool to interrogate cell-specific responses to muscle contraction. In the present study, we aimed to uncover networks of signaling pathways and regulatory molecules responsible for the metabolic effects of exercise in human skeletal muscle cells exposed to chronic EPS. Differentiated myotubes from young male subjects were exposed to EPS protocol 1 (i.e. 2 ms, 10 V, and 0.1 Hz for 24 h), whereas myotubes from middle-aged women and men were exposed to protocol 2 (i.e. 2 ms, 30 V, and 1 Hz for 48 h). Fuel handling as well as the transcriptome, cellular proteome, and secreted proteins of EPS-treated myotubes from young male subjects were analyzed using a combination of high-throughput RNA sequencing, high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, oxidation assay, and immunoblotting. The data showed that oxidative metabolism was enhanced in EPS-exposed myotubes from young male subjects. Moreover, a total of 81 differentially regulated proteins and 952 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in these cells after EPS protocol 1. We also found 61 overlapping genes while comparing the DEGs to mRNA expression in myotubes from the middle-aged group exposed to protocol 2, assessed by microarray. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that significantly regulated proteins and genes were enriched in biological processes related to glycolytic pathways, positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as muscle contraction, autophagy/mitophagy, and oxidative stress. Additionally, proteomic identification of secreted proteins revealed extracellular levels of 137 proteins were changed in myotubes from young male subjects exposed to EPS protocol 1. Selected putative myokines were measured using ELISA or multiplex assay to validate the results. Collectively, our data provides new insight into the transcriptome, proteome and secreted proteins alterations following in vitro exercise and is a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory molecules mediating the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel M Mengeste
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nataša Nikolić
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Dalmao Fernandez
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuan Z Feng
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fred Haugen
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, STAMI-The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eili Tranheim Kase
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Aas
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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van Meijel RLJ, Vogel MAA, Jocken JWE, Vliex LMM, Smeets JSJ, Hoebers N, Hoeks J, Essers Y, Schoffelen PFM, Sell H, Kersten S, M A Rouschop K, Blaak EE, Goossens GH. Mild intermittent hypoxia exposure induces metabolic and molecular adaptations in men with obesity. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101287. [PMID: 34224918 PMCID: PMC8355948 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies suggest that hypoxia exposure may improve glucose homeostasis, but well-controlled human studies are lacking. We hypothesized that mild intermittent hypoxia (MIH) exposure decreases tissue oxygen partial pressure (pO2) and induces metabolic improvements in people who are overweight/obese. METHODS In a randomized, controlled, single-blind crossover study, 12 men who were overweight/obese were exposed to MIH (15 % O2, 3 × 2 h/day) or normoxia (21 % O2) for 7 consecutive days. Adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM) pO2, fasting/postprandial substrate metabolism, tissue-specific insulin sensitivity, SM oxidative capacity, and AT and SM gene/protein expression were determined. Furthermore, primary human myotubes and adipocytes were exposed to oxygen levels mimicking the hypoxic and normoxic AT and SM microenvironments. RESULTS MIH decreased systemic oxygen saturation (92.0 ± 0.5 % vs 97.1 ± 0.3, p < 0.001, respectively), AT pO2 (21.0 ± 2.3 vs 36.5 ± 1.5 mmHg, p < 0.001, respectively), and SM pO2 (9.5 ± 2.2 vs 15.4 ± 2.4 mmHg, p = 0.002, respectively) compared to normoxia. In addition, MIH increased glycolytic metabolism compared to normoxia, reflected by enhanced fasting and postprandial carbohydrate oxidation (pAUC = 0.002) and elevated plasma lactate concentrations (pAUC = 0.005). Mechanistically, hypoxia exposure increased insulin-independent glucose uptake compared to standard laboratory conditions (~50 %, p < 0.001) and physiological normoxia (~25 %, p = 0.019) through AMP-activated protein kinase in primary human myotubes but not in primary human adipocytes. MIH upregulated inflammatory/metabolic pathways and downregulated extracellular matrix-related pathways in AT but did not alter systemic inflammatory markers and SM oxidative capacity. MIH exposure did not induce significant alterations in AT (p = 0.120), hepatic (p = 0.132) and SM (p = 0.722) insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate for the first time that 7-day MIH reduces AT and SM pO2, evokes a shift toward glycolytic metabolism, and induces adaptations in AT and SM but does not induce alterations in tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in men who are overweight/obese. Future studies are needed to investigate further whether oxygen signaling is a promising target to mitigate metabolic complications in obesity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NL7120/NTR7325).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rens L J van Meijel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Max A A Vogel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lars M M Vliex
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joey S J Smeets
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Hoebers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Essers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul F M Schoffelen
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Henrike Sell
- Paul-Langerhans-Group for Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kasper M A Rouschop
- Maastricht Radiation Oncology (MaastRO) Laboratory, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center(+), Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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12
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Koh HCE, van Vliet S, Pietka TA, Meyer GA, Razani B, Laforest R, Gropler RJ, Mittendorfer B. Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Metabolic Function and Insulin Sensitivity in People With Obesity. Diabetes 2021; 70:2225-2236. [PMID: 34266892 PMCID: PMC8576507 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We used stable isotope-labeled glucose and palmitate tracer infusions, a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, positron emission tomography of muscles and adipose tissue after [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and [15O]water injections, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsy to test the hypotheses that 1) increased glucose uptake in SAT is responsible for high insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose uptake in people with obesity who are insulin sensitive and 2) putative SAT factors thought to cause insulin resistance are present in people with obesity who are insulin resistant but not in those who are insulin sensitive. We found that high insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive participants with obesity was not due to channeling of glucose into SAT but, rather, was due to high insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. Furthermore, insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake was not different between insulin-sensitive obese and lean participants even though adipocytes were larger, SAT perfusion and oxygenation were lower, and markers of SAT inflammation, fatty acid appearance in plasma in relation to fat-free mass, and plasma fatty acid concentration were higher in the insulin-sensitive obese than in lean participants. In addition, we observed only marginal or no differences in adipocyte size, SAT perfusion and oxygenation, and markers of SAT inflammation between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive obese participants. Plasma fatty acid concentration was also not different between insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant obese participants, even though SAT was resistant to the inhibitory effect of insulin on lipolysis in the insulin-resistant obese group. These data suggest that several putative SAT factors commonly implicated in causing insulin resistance are normal consequences of SAT expansion unrelated to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chow E Koh
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stephan van Vliet
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Terri A Pietka
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Babak Razani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Richard Laforest
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Robert J Gropler
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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13
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Gijbels A, Trouwborst I, Jardon KM, Hul GB, Siebelink E, Bowser SM, Yildiz D, Wanders L, Erdos B, Thijssen DHJ, Feskens EJM, Goossens GH, Afman LA, Blaak EE. The PERSonalized Glucose Optimization Through Nutritional Intervention (PERSON) Study: Rationale, Design and Preliminary Screening Results. Front Nutr 2021; 8:694568. [PMID: 34277687 PMCID: PMC8278004 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.694568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well-established that the etiology of type 2 diabetes differs between individuals. Insulin resistance (IR) may develop in different tissues, but the severity of IR may differ in key metabolic organs such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that these distinct tissue-specific IR phenotypes may also respond differentially to dietary macronutrient composition with respect to improvements in glucose metabolism. Objective: The main objective of the PERSON study is to investigate the effects of an optimal vs. suboptimal dietary macronutrient intervention according to tissue-specific IR phenotype on glucose metabolism and other health outcomes. Methods: In total, 240 overweight/obese (BMI 25 – 40 kg/m2) men and women (age 40 – 75 years) with either skeletal muscle insulin resistance (MIR) or liver insulin resistance (LIR) will participate in a two-center, randomized, double-blind, parallel, 12-week dietary intervention study. At screening, participants undergo a 7-point oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to determine the hepatic insulin resistance index (HIRI) and muscle insulin sensitivity index (MISI), classifying each participant as either “No MIR/LIR,” “MIR,” “LIR,” or “combined MIR/LIR.” Individuals with MIR or LIR are randomized to follow one of two isocaloric diets varying in macronutrient content and quality, that is hypothesized to be either an optimal or suboptimal diet, depending on their tissue-specific IR phenotype (MIR/LIR). Extensive measurements in a controlled laboratory setting as well as phenotyping in daily life are performed before and after the intervention. The primary study outcome is the difference in change in disposition index, which is the product of insulin sensitivity and first-phase insulin secretion, between participants who received their hypothesized optimal or suboptimal diet. Discussion: The PERSON study is one of the first randomized clinical trials in the field of precision nutrition to test effects of a more personalized dietary intervention based on IR phenotype. The results of the PERSON study will contribute knowledge on the effectiveness of targeted nutritional strategies to the emerging field of precision nutrition, and improve our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of whole body and tissue-specific IR. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03708419, clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03708419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Gijbels
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Inez Trouwborst
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Kelly M Jardon
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gabby B Hul
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Els Siebelink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bowser
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dilemin Yildiz
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Wanders
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Balázs Erdos
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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14
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Song P, Han P, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Tao Z, Jiang Z, Shen S, Wu Y, Wu J, Chen X, Yu X, Zhao Y, Guo Q. Muscle mass rather than muscle strength or physical performance is associated with metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:191. [PMID: 33740914 PMCID: PMC7980667 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine whether muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance were associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in community-dwelling older Chinese adults. METHODS The study comprised of 1413 community-dwelling Chinese participants (577 men; mean ± standard deviation age: 71.3 ± 5.9) recruited from Tianjin and Shanghai, China who were invited to participate in a comprehensive geriatric assessment. The International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome guidelines were used to define MetS, including high waist circumference, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, and reduced HDL cholesterol. Muscle mass was measured by appendicular skeletal muscle mass/weight (ASM/weight), and ASM was measured by BIA. Muscle strength was measured using grip strength. Physical performance was represented by walking speed and the time up and go test (TUGT). RESULTS The overall prevalence of MetS was 46.8% (34.1% in males and 55.5% in females). In the final logistic regression model, there was a significant, graded inverse association between muscle mass and MetS (p for trend = 0.014). Muscle strength and physical performance, including walking speed and TUGT, were not associated with overall MetS. In the components of MetS, muscle mass and grip strength were significantly inversely associated with high waist circumference and elevated blood pressure (p < 0.05), while physical performance was not associated with components of MetS. CONCLUSIONS Compared with muscle strength and muscle function, muscle mass was inversely associated with MetS in a community-dwelling elderly Chinese population. Among muscle mass、muscle strength and physical performance, muscle mass appears to have the strongest association with MetS in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Song
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peipei Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yinjiao Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease-Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuoying Tao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zhengxing Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Shijing Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yunxiao Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, 1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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15
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Acharya P, Uppin V, Zarei M, Talahalli RR. Role of n-3 Fatty Acids on Bile Acid Metabolism and Transport in Dyslipidemia: A Review. Lipids 2020; 56:125-139. [PMID: 33074554 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dietary n-3 fatty acids, especially of marine origin, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), have always been lauded for their profound effects on regulating the risk factors for major metabolic disorders. Yet, their consumption rate is poor compared to n-6 fatty acids [linoleic acid (18:2n-6)], which are predominantly consumed. Hence, the skewed n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio may have a bearing on the risk factors of various diseases, including dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia and other lifestyle diseases associated with it, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, are a growing concern in both developed and developing countries. A common strategy for addressing dyslipidemia involves bile acid (BA) sequestration, to interrupt the enterohepatic circulation of BA, resulting in the modulation of lipid absorption in the intestine, thereby normalizing the levels of circulating lipids. The BA homeostasis is under the tight control of hepatic and enteric BA transporters. Many investigations have reported the effects of dietary constituents, including certain fatty acids on the reabsorption and transport of BA. However, a critical review of the effects of n-3 fatty acids on BA metabolism and transport is not available. The present review attempts to explore certain unmapped facets of the n-3 fatty acids on BA metabolism and transport in dyslipidemia, and their interplay with biological processes involving lipid rafts and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Vinayak Uppin
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Mehrdad Zarei
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Ramaprasad R Talahalli
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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16
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Current metabolic perspective on malnutrition in obesity: towards more subgroup-based nutritional approaches? Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:331-337. [PMID: 32122428 PMCID: PMC7663313 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle intervention may be effective in reducing type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence and cardiometabolic risk. A more personalised nutritional approach based on an individual or subgroup-based metabolic profile may optimise intervention outcome. Whole body insulin resistance (IR) reflects defective insulin action in tissues such as muscle, liver, adipose tissue, gut and brain, which may precede the development of cardiometabolic diseases. IR may develop in different organs but the severity may vary between organs. Individuals with more pronounced hepatic IR have a distinct plasma metabolome and lipidome profile as compared with individuals with more pronounced muscle IR. Additionally, genes related to extracellular modelling were upregulated in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals with more pronounced hepatic IR, whilst genes related to inflammation as well as systemic low-grade inflammation were upregulated in individuals with primarily muscle IR. There are indications that these distinct IR phenotypes may also respond differentially to dietary macronutrient composition. Besides metabolic phenotype, microbial phenotype may be of importance in personalising the response to diet. In particular fibres or fibre mixtures, leading to a high distal acetate and SCFA production may have more pronounced effects on metabolic health. Notably, individuals with prediabetes may have a reduced response to diet-induced microbiota modulation with respect to host insulin sensitivity and metabolic health outcomes. Overall, we need more research to relate metabolic subphenotypes to intervention outcomes to define more optimal diets for individuals with or predisposed to chronic metabolic diseases.
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17
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Tsintzas K, Jones R, Pabla P, Mallinson J, Barrett DA, Kim DH, Cooper S, Davies A, Taylor T, Chee C, Gaffney C, van Loon LJC, Stephens FB. Effect of acute and short-term dietary fat ingestion on postprandial skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates in middle-aged, overweight, and obese men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E417-E429. [PMID: 31910028 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00344.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Muscle anabolic resistance to dietary protein is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. However, the contribution of excess consumption of fat to anabolic resistance is not well studied. The aim of these studies was to test the hypothesis that acute and short-term dietary fat overload will impair the skeletal muscle protein synthetic response to dietary protein ingestion. Eight overweight/obese men [46.4 ± 1.4 yr, body mass index (BMI) 32.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2] participated in the acute feeding study, which consisted of two randomized crossover trials. On each occasion, subjects ingested an oral meal (with and without fat emulsion), 4 h before the coingestion of milk protein, intrinsically labeled with [1-13C]phenylalanine, and dextrose. Nine overweight/obese men (44.0 ± 1.7 yr, BMI 30.1 ± 1.1 kg/m2) participated in the chronic study, which consisted of a baseline, 1-wk isocaloric diet, followed by a 2-wk high-fat diet (+25% energy excess). Acutely, incorporation of dietary amino acids into the skeletal muscle was twofold higher (P < 0.05) in the lipid trial compared with control. There was no effect of prior lipid ingestion on indices of insulin sensitivity (muscle glucose uptake, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity, and Akt phosphorylation) in response to the protein/dextrose drink. Fat overfeeding had no effect on muscle protein synthesis or glucose disposal in response to whey protein ingestion, despite increased muscle diacylglycerol C16:0 (P = 0.06) and ceramide C16:0 (P < 0.01) levels. Neither acute nor short-term dietary fat overload has a detrimental effect on the skeletal muscle protein synthetic response to dietary protein ingestion in overweight/obese men, suggesting that dietary-induced accumulation of intramuscular lipids per se is not associated with anabolic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Tsintzas
- MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Jones
- MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pardeep Pabla
- MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Mallinson
- MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Cooper
- MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Davies
- MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Taylor
- MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Carolyn Chee
- MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Gaffney
- MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Francis B Stephens
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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18
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Silva JC, Jones JG. Improving Metabolic Control Through Functional Foods. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3424-3438. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170523130123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Functional foods are designed to have physiological benefits and reduce the
risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions. Conditions related to overnutrition such as
Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 diabetes are increasingly serious concerns in Western societies. Several
nutrient classes are considered to protect against these conditions and this review focuses on the latest
clinical and preclinical evidence supporting their efficacy and the molecular mechanisms by which they
act.
Methods:
The review searched the literature for information and data on the following functional food
components and their protective effects against Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes: Dietary fiber;
Medium-chain triglycerides and Ketone esters; ω3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and Antioxidants.
Results:
Data from a hundred and four studies were reviewed and summarized. They indicate that dietary
fiber results in the production of beneficial short chain fatty acids via intestinal microbiota, as well
as increasing intestinal secretion of incretins and satiety peptides. Medium chain triglycerides and ketone
esters promote thermogenesis, inhibit lipolysis and reduce inflammation. They also decrease endogenous
synthesis of triglycerides and fatty acids. ω3-PUFA’s act to soften inflammation through an
increase in adiponectin secretion. Antioxidants are involved in the protection of insulin sensitivity by
PTP1B suppression and SIRT1 activation.
Conclusion:
Functional foods have actions that complement and/or potentiate other lifestyle interventions
for reversing Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes. Functional foods contribute to reduced
food intake by promoting satiety, less weight gain via metabolic uncoupling and improved insulin sensitivity
via several distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C.P. Silva
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, UC Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - John G. Jones
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, UC Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal
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Abstract
For decades, dietary advice was based on the premise that high intakes of fat cause obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and possibly cancer. Recently, evidence for the adverse metabolic effects of processed carbohydrate has led to a resurgence in interest in lower-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets with high fat content. However, some argue that the relative quantity of dietary fat and carbohydrate has little relevance to health and that focus should instead be placed on which particular fat or carbohydrate sources are consumed. This review, by nutrition scientists with widely varying perspectives, summarizes existing evidence to identify areas of broad consensus amid ongoing controversy regarding macronutrients and chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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20
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Budai Z, Balogh L, Sarang Z. Short-term high-fat meal intake alters the expression of circadian clock-, inflammation-, and oxidative stress-related genes in human skeletal muscle. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:749-758. [PMID: 30764669 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1557607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dietary food, depending on timing, amount and composition can influence gene expression in various tissues. Here, we investigated the effect of high-fat meal diets of different compositions on the gene expression pattern of human skeletal muscle. Gene expression data of skeletal muscle samples from human volunteers prior and 4 h after the consumption of high lipid-containing meal consisting of either saturated-, monounsaturated- or polyunsaturated fatty acids were downloaded from the public repository. List of 843 differently expressed genes (DEGs) was generated. Functional analysis revealed that circadian rhythm-, inflammation- and oxidative stress-related genes are highly overrepresented among the DEGs. The magnitude of gene expression changes significantly increases with the saturation level of the dietary fatty acids and the majority of the DEGs are upregulated. We propose that, by altering circadian clock gene expression and inducing inflammation and oxidative stress, high lipid intake can contribute to muscle function decay in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Budai
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - László Balogh
- b Institute of Sport Sciences University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Zsolt Sarang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
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21
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Trouwborst I, Bowser SM, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. Ectopic Fat Accumulation in Distinct Insulin Resistant Phenotypes; Targets for Personalized Nutritional Interventions. Front Nutr 2018; 5:77. [PMID: 30234122 PMCID: PMC6131567 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are one of the leading causes for disability and mortality in the Western world. The prevalence of these chronic diseases is expected to rise even further in the next decades. Insulin resistance (IR) and related metabolic disturbances are linked to ectopic fat deposition, which is the storage of excess lipids in metabolic organs such as liver and muscle. Notably, a vicious circle exists between IR and ectopic fat, together increasing the risk for the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Nutrition is a key-determining factor for both IR and ectopic fat deposition. The macronutrient composition of the diet may impact metabolic processes related to ectopic fat accumulation and IR. Interestingly, however, the metabolic phenotype of an individual may determine the response to a certain diet. Therefore, population-based nutritional interventions may not always lead to the most optimal (cardiometabolic) outcomes at the individual level, and differences in the metabolic phenotype may underlie conflicting findings related to IR and ectopic fat in dietary intervention studies. Detailed metabolic phenotyping will help to better understand the complex relationship between diet and metabolic regulation, and to optimize intervention outcomes. A subgroup-based approach that integrates, among others, tissue-specific IR, cardiometabolic parameters, anthropometrics, gut microbiota, age, sex, ethnicity, and psychological factors may thereby increase the efficacy of dietary interventions. Nevertheless, the implementation of more personalized nutrition may be complex, costly, and time consuming. Future studies are urgently warranted to obtain insight into a more personalized approach to nutritional interventions, taking into account the metabolic phenotype to ultimately improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Trouwborst
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Bowser
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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22
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Insulin resistance in obesity: an overview of fundamental alterations. Eat Weight Disord 2018; 23:149-157. [PMID: 29397563 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health risk factor, and obesity-induced morbidity and complications account for huge costs for affected individuals, families, healthcare systems, and society at large. In particular, obesity is strongly associated with the development of insulin resistance, which in turn plays a key role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications, including metabolic syndrome components, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin sensitive tissues, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver, are profoundly affected by obesity both at biomolecular and functional levels. Altered adipose organ function may play a fundamental pathogenetic role once fat accumulation has ensued. Modulation of insulin sensitivity appears to be, at least in part, related to changes in redox balance and oxidative stress as well as inflammation, with a relevant underlying role for mitochondrial dysfunction that may exacerbate these alterations. Nutrients and substrates as well as systems involved in host-nutrient interactions, including gut microbiota, have been also identified as modulators of metabolic pathways controlling insulin action. This review aims at providing an overview of these concepts and their potential inter-relationships in the development of insulin resistance, with particular regard to changes in adipose organ and skeletal muscle.
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23
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Houston M. The role of noninvasive cardiovascular testing, applied clinical nutrition and nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 12:85-108. [PMID: 29316855 PMCID: PMC5933539 DOI: 10.1177/1753944717743920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical trials suggest that we have reached a limit in our ability to decrease the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) utilizing the traditional diagnostic evaluation, prevention and treatment strategies for the top five cardiovascular risk factors of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity and smoking. About 80% of heart disease (heart attacks, angina, coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure) can be prevented by optimal nutrition, optimal exercise, optimal weight and body composition, mild alcohol intake and avoiding smoking. Statistics show that approximately 50% of patients continue to have CHD or myocardial infarction (MI) despite presently defined 'normal' levels of the five risk factors listed above. This is often referred to as the 'CHD gap'. Novel and more accurate definitions and evaluations of these top five risk factors are required, such as 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (ABM) results, advanced lipid profiles, redefined fasting and 2 h dysglycemia parameters, a focus on visceral obesity and body composition and the effects of adipokines on cardiovascular risk. There are numerous traumatic insults from the environment that damage the cardiovascular system but there are only three finite vascular endothelial responses, which are inflammation, oxidative stress and immune vascular dysfunction. In addition, the concept of translational cardiovascular medicine is mandatory in order to correlate the myriad of CHD risk factors to the presence or absence of functional or structural damage to the vascular system, preclinical and clinical CHD. This can be accomplished by utilizing advanced and updated CV risk scoring systems, new and redefined CV risk factors and biomarkers, micronutrient testing, cardiovascular genetics, nutrigenomics, metabolomics, genetic expression testing and noninvasive cardiovascular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- Vanderbilt University Medical School, Hypertension Institute and Vascular Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Saint Thomas Medical Group, Saint Thomas Hospital, 4230 Harding Rd, Suite 400, Nashville, TN 37205, USA
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24
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Houston M, Minich D, Sinatra ST, Kahn JK, Guarneri M. Recent Science and Clinical Application of Nutrition to Coronary Heart Disease. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:169-187. [PMID: 29313752 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1381053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the greatest threats to mortality in industrialized societies continues to be coronary heart disease (CHD). Moreover, the ability to decrease the incidence of CHD has reached a limit utilizing traditional diagnostic evaluations and prevention and treatment strategies for the top five cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking). It is well known that about 80% of CHD can be prevented with optimal nutrition, coupled with exercise, weight management, mild alcohol intake, and smoking cessation. Among all of these factors, optimal nutrition provides the basic foundation for prevention and treatment of CHD. Numerous prospective nutrition clinical trials have shown dramatic reductions in the incidence of CHD. As nutritional science and nutrigenomics research continues, our ability to adjust the best nutrition with an individualized approach is emerging. This article reviews the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of CHD and myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- a Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Director, Hypertension Institute and Vascular Biology, Medical Director of Division of Human Nutrition, Saint Thomas Medical Group, Saint Thomas Hospital , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Deanna Minich
- b University of Western States, Institute for Functional Medicine , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Stephen T Sinatra
- c Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Connecticut Medical School , Farmington , Connecticut , USA
| | - Joel K Kahn
- d Clinical Professor of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Kahn Center for Cardiac Longevity , Bloomfield Township , Michigan , USA
| | - Mimi Guarneri
- e Director, Guarneri Integrative Health, Inc., La Jolla, California at Pacific Pearl , La Jolla , California , USA
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25
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Rodríguez M, Carro MD, Valiente V, Formoso-Rafferty N, Rebollar PG. Effects of dietary fish oil supplementation on performance, meat quality, and cecal fermentation of growing rabbits1. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:3620-3630. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rodríguez
- Deparptamento de Producción Agraria. ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - M. D. Carro
- Deparptamento de Producción Agraria. ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - V. Valiente
- Deparptamento de Producción Agraria. ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - N. Formoso-Rafferty
- Departamento de Producción Animal. Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - P. G. Rebollar
- Deparptamento de Producción Agraria. ETS Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Spain
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26
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von Frankenberg AD, Marina A, Song X, Callahan HS, Kratz M, Utzschneider KM. A high-fat, high-saturated fat diet decreases insulin sensitivity without changing intra-abdominal fat in weight-stable overweight and obese adults. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:431-443. [PMID: 26615402 PMCID: PMC5291812 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to determine the effects of dietary fat on insulin sensitivity and whether changes in insulin sensitivity were explained by changes in abdominal fat distribution or very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) fatty acid composition. METHODS Overweight/obese adults with normal glucose tolerance consumed a control diet (35 % fat/12 % saturated fat/47 % carbohydrate) for 10 days, followed by a 4-week low-fat diet (LFD, n = 10: 20 % fat/8 % saturated fat/62 % carbohydrate) or high-fat diet (HFD, n = 10: 55 % fat/25 % saturated fat/27 % carbohydrate). All foods and their eucaloric energy content were provided. Insulin sensitivity was measured by labeled hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps, abdominal fat distribution by MRI, and fasting VLDL fatty acids by gas chromatography. RESULTS The rate of glucose disposal (Rd) during low- and high-dose insulin decreased on the HFD but remained unchanged on the LFD (Rd-low: LFD: 0.12 ± 0.11 vs. HFD: -0.37 ± 0.15 mmol/min, mean ± SE, p < 0.01; Rd-high: LFD: 0.11 ± 0.37 vs. HFD: -0.71 ± 0.26 mmol/min, p = 0.08). Hepatic insulin sensitivity did not change. Changes in subcutaneous fat were positively associated with changes in insulin sensitivity on the LFD (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) with a trend on the HFD (r = 0.60, p = 0.07), whereas there was no association with intra-abdominal fat. The LFD led to an increase in VLDL palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), and palmitoleic (16:1n7c) acids, while no changes were observed on the HFD. Changes in VLDL n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n6) were strongly associated with changes in insulin sensitivity on both diets (LFD: r = -0.77; p < 0.01; HFD: r = -0.71; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS A diet very high in fat and saturated fat adversely affects insulin sensitivity and thereby might contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT00930371.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anize D von Frankenberg
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Post-Graduate Endocrinology Program, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Endocrinology, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way (151), Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
| | - Anna Marina
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Holly S Callahan
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kristina M Utzschneider
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Endocrinology, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way (151), Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
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27
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Blaak EE. Characterisation of fatty acid metabolism in different insulin-resistant phenotypes by means of stable isotopes. Proc Nutr Soc 2017; 76:1-7. [PMID: 28100287 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665116003013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The obese insulin resistant and/or prediabetic state is characterised by systemic lipid overflow, mainly driven by an impaired lipid buffering capacity of adipose tissue, and an impaired capacity of skeletal muscle to increase fat oxidation upon increased supply. This leads to the accumulation of bioactive lipid metabolites in skeletal muscle interfering with insulin sensitivity via various mechanisms. In this review, the contribution of dietary v. endogenous fatty acids to lipid overflow, their extraction or uptake by skeletal muscle as well as the fractional synthetic rate, content and composition of the muscle lipid pools is discussed in relation to the development or presence of insulin resistance and/or an impaired glucose metabolism. These parameters are studied in vivo in man by combining a dual stable isotope methodology with [2H2]- and [U-13C]-palmitate tracers with the arterio-venous balance technique across forearm muscle and biochemical analyses in muscle biopsies. The insulin-resistant state is characterised by an elevated muscle TAG extraction, despite similar supply, and a reduced skeletal muscle lipid turnover, in particular after intake of a high fat, SFA fat meal, but not after a high fat, PUFA meal. Data are placed in the context of current literature, and underlying mechanisms and implications for long-term nutritional interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology,Maastricht University,Maastricht,The Netherlands
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28
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van der Kolk BW, Goossens GH, Jocken JW, Blaak EE. Altered skeletal muscle fatty acid handling is associated with the degree of insulin resistance in overweight and obese humans. Diabetologia 2016; 59:2686-2696. [PMID: 27627982 PMCID: PMC6518064 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/HYPOTHESIS Disturbances in skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) handling may contribute to the development and progression of whole-body insulin resistance (IR). In this study, we compared fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle FA handling in individuals with varying degrees of IR. METHODS Seventy-four overweight/obese participants (62 men) were divided into two groups based on the HOMA-IR median (3.35). Fasting and postprandial skeletal muscle FA handling were determined by combining the forearm muscle balance technique with stable isotopes. [2H2]palmitate was infused i.v. to label VLDL-triacylglycerol (VLDL-TAG) and NEFA in the circulation, whereas [U-13C]palmitate was incorporated in a high-saturated FA mixed-meal labelling chylomicron-TAG. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken to assess intramuscular lipid content, fractional synthetic rate (FSR) and the transcriptional regulation of FA metabolism. RESULTS Postprandial forearm muscle VLDL-TAG extraction was elevated in the high-IR vs the mild-IR group (AUC0-4h: 0.57 ± 0.32 vs -0.43 ± 0.38 nmol [100 ml tissue]-1 min-1, respectively, p = 0.045). Although no differences in skeletal muscle TAG, diacylglycerol, NEFA content and FSR were present between groups, the high-IR group showed increased saturation of the intramuscular NEFA pool (p = 0.039). This was accompanied by lower muscle GPAT1 (also known as GPAM) expression (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Participants with high-IR demonstrated increased postprandial skeletal muscle VLDL-TAG extraction and higher saturation of the intramuscular NEFA pool vs individuals with mild-IR. These data support the involvement of disturbances in skeletal muscle FA handling in the progression of whole-body IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta W van der Kolk
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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29
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Fatty acids and chronic low grade inflammation associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 785:207-214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Reijnders D, Goossens GH, Hermes GDA, Neis EPJG, van der Beek CM, Most J, Holst JJ, Lenaerts K, Kootte RS, Nieuwdorp M, Groen AK, Olde Damink SWM, Boekschoten MV, Smidt H, Zoetendal EG, Dejong CHC, Blaak EE. Effects of Gut Microbiota Manipulation by Antibiotics on Host Metabolism in Obese Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Cell Metab 2016; 24:63-74. [PMID: 27411009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been implicated in obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, although evidence in humans is scarce. We investigated how gut microbiota manipulation by antibiotics (7-day administration of amoxicillin, vancomycin, or placebo) affects host metabolism in 57 obese, prediabetic men. Vancomycin, but not amoxicillin, decreased bacterial diversity and reduced Firmicutes involved in short-chain fatty acid and bile acid metabolism, concomitant with altered plasma and/or fecal metabolite concentrations. Adipose tissue gene expression of oxidative pathways was upregulated by antibiotics, whereas immune-related pathways were downregulated by vancomycin. Antibiotics did not affect tissue-specific insulin sensitivity, energy/substrate metabolism, postprandial hormones and metabolites, systemic inflammation, gut permeability, and adipocyte size. Importantly, energy harvest, adipocyte size, and whole-body insulin sensitivity were not altered at 8-week follow-up, despite a still considerably altered microbial composition, indicating that interference with adult microbiota by 7-day antibiotic treatment has no clinically relevant impact on metabolic health in obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Reijnders
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben D A Hermes
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6703HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Evelien P J G Neis
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christina M van der Beek
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Most
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jens J Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaatje Lenaerts
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud S Kootte
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam, 1100DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Vascular Medicine and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam, 1100DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Institute of Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6703HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6703HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H C Dejong
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; Top Institute Food and Nutrition, 6700AN Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Stinkens R, Goossens GH, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Targeting fatty acid metabolism to improve glucose metabolism. Obes Rev 2015; 16:715-57. [PMID: 26179344 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, gut and pancreas play an important role in the development of insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alterations in diet composition may contribute to prevent and/or reverse these disturbances through modulation of fatty acid metabolism. Besides an increased fat mass, adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by an altered capacity to store lipids and an altered secretion of adipokines, may result in lipid overflow, systemic inflammation and excessive lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues like liver, skeletal muscle and the pancreas. These impairments together promote the development of impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, intrinsic functional impairments in either of these organs may contribute to lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. The present review provides an overview of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and gut, which can be targeted by diet or food components, thereby improving glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stinkens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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32
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Reduced linoleic acid intake in early postnatal life improves metabolic outcomes in adult rodents following a Western-style diet challenge. Nutr Res 2015; 35:800-11. [PMID: 26239950 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The global increase in dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake has been suggested to contribute to the rise in obesity incidence. We hypothesized that reduced n-6 PUFA intake during early postnatal life improves adult body composition and metabolic phenotype upon a Western diet challenge. Male offspring of C57Bl/6j mice and Wistar rats were subjected to a control diet (CTRL; 3.16 En% linoleic acid [LA]) or a low n-6 PUFA diet (low LA; 1.36 En% LA) from postnatal days (PNs) 2 to 42. Subsequently, all animals were switched to a Western-style diet (2.54 En% LA) until PN98. We monitored body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and glucose homeostasis by an intravenous glucose and insulin tolerance test in rats and by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in mice. At PN98, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, and adipokines were measured and adipocyte number and size were analyzed. In mice, the postnatal low-LA diet decreased fat accumulation during the adult Western-style diet challenge (-27% compared with CTRL, P < .001). Simultaneously, it reduced fasting triglyceride levels and lowered fasting resistin and leptin levels. In rats, the low-LA diet did not affect adult body composition, but decreased the number of retroperitoneal adipocytes and increased the number of large adipocytes. In conclusion, lowering dietary n-6 PUFA intake in early life protected against detrimental effects of an obesogenic diet in adulthood on metabolic homeostasis and fat mass accumulation.
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Wolf P, Winhofer Y, Anderwald CH, Krššák M, Krebs M. Intracellular lipid accumulation and shift during diabetes progression. Wien Med Wochenschr 2014; 164:320-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-014-0292-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rosqvist F, Iggman D, Kullberg J, Cedernaes J, Johansson HE, Larsson A, Johansson L, Ahlström H, Arner P, Dahlman I, Risérus U. Overfeeding polyunsaturated and saturated fat causes distinct effects on liver and visceral fat accumulation in humans. Diabetes 2014; 63:2356-68. [PMID: 24550191 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excess ectopic fat storage is linked to type 2 diabetes. The importance of dietary fat composition for ectopic fat storage in humans is unknown. We investigated liver fat accumulation and body composition during overfeeding saturated fatty acids (SFAs) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). LIPOGAIN was a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized trial. Thirty-nine young and normal-weight individuals were overfed muffins high in SFAs (palm oil) or n-6 PUFAs (sunflower oil) for 7 weeks. Liver fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), total adipose tissue, pancreatic fat, and lean tissue were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Transcriptomics were performed in SAT. Both groups gained similar weight. SFAs, however, markedly increased liver fat compared with PUFAs and caused a twofold larger increase in VAT than PUFAs. Conversely, PUFAs caused a nearly threefold larger increase in lean tissue than SFAs. Increase in liver fat directly correlated with changes in plasma SFAs and inversely with PUFAs. Genes involved in regulating energy dissipation, insulin resistance, body composition, and fat-cell differentiation in SAT were differentially regulated between diets, and associated with increased PUFAs in SAT. In conclusion, overeating SFAs promotes hepatic and visceral fat storage, whereas excess energy from PUFAs may instead promote lean tissue in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Rosqvist
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David Iggman
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenCenter for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Cedernaes
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans-Erik Johansson
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Johansson
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenResearch and Development, AstraZeneca, Molndal, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary fat and fatty acid profile are associated with indices of skeletal muscle mass in women aged 18-79 years. J Nutr 2014; 144:327-34. [PMID: 24401817 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results in a reduction in metabolically active tissue and has been related to the onset of obesity and sarcopenia. Although the causes of muscle loss are poorly understood, dietary fat has been postulated to have a role in determining protein turnover through an influence on both inflammation and insulin resistance. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional relation between dietary fat intake, as dietary percentage of fat energy (PFE) and fatty acid profile, with indices of skeletal muscle mass in the population setting. Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM; in kg)] and the fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg FFM/m(2)) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2689 women aged 18-79 y from the TwinsUK Study and calculated according to quintile of dietary fat (by food-frequency questionnaire) after multivariate adjustment. Positive associations were found between the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and indices of FFM, and inverse associations were found with PFE, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) (all as % of energy). Extreme quintile dietary differences for PFE were -0.6 kg for FFM and -0.28 kg/m(2) for FFMI; for SFAs, MUFAs, and TFAs, these were -0.5 to -0.8 kg for FFM and -0.26 to -0.38 kg/m(2) for FFMI. These associations were of a similar magnitude to the expected decline in muscle mass that occurs over 10 y. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to demonstrate an association between a comprehensive range of dietary fat intake and FFM. These findings indicate that a dietary fat profile already associated with cardiovascular disease protection may also be beneficial for conservation of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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36
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Feng YZ, Nikolić N, Bakke SS, Boekschoten MV, Kersten S, Kase ET, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH. PPARδ activation in human myotubes increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative capacity and reduces glucose utilization by a switch in substrate preference. Arch Physiol Biochem 2014; 120:12-21. [PMID: 23991827 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2013.829105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) activation on global gene expression and mitochondrial fuel utilization were investigated in human myotubes. Only 21 genes were up-regulated and 3 genes were down-regulated after activation by the PPARδ agonist GW501516. Pathway analysis showed up-regulated mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, TCA cycle and cholesterol biosynthesis. GW501516 increased oleic acid oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative capacity by 2-fold. Glucose uptake and oxidation were reduced, but total substrate oxidation was not affected, indicating a fuel switch from glucose to fatty acid. Cholesterol biosynthesis was increased, but lipid biosynthesis and mitochondrial content were not affected. This study confirmed that the principal effect of PPARδ activation was to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative capacity. Our results further suggest that PPARδ activation reduced glucose utilization through a switch in mitochondrial substrate preference by up-regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 and genes involved in lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Z Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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37
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Turco AA, Guescini M, Valtucci V, Colosimo C, De Feo P, Mantuano M, Stocchi V, Riccardi G, Capaldo B. Dietary fat differentially modulate the mRNA expression levels of oxidative mitochondrial genes in skeletal muscle of healthy subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:198-204. [PMID: 24368080 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Different types of dietary fats exert differential effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of different dietary fats on the expression of skeletal muscle genes regulating mitochondrial replication and function in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy subjects (age 29 ± 3 years; BMI 25.0 ± 3 kg/m(2)) received in a random order a test meal with the same energy content but different composition in macronutrients and quality of fat: Mediterranean (MED) meal, SAFA meal (Lipid 66%, saturated 36%) and MUFA meal (Lipid 63%, monounsaturated 37%). At fast and after 180 min, a fine needle aspiration was performed from the vastus lateralis for determination of mitochondrial gene expression by quantitative PCR. No difference in glucose and triglyceride response was observed between the three meals, while NEFA levels were significantly higher following fat-rich meals compared to MED meal (p < 0.002-0.0001). MED meal was associated with an increased expression, albeit not statistically significant, of some genes regulating both replication and function. Following MUFA meal, a significant increase in the expression of PGC1β (p = 0.02) and a reduction in the transcription factor PPARδ (p = 0.006) occurred with no change in the expression of COX and GLUT4 genes. In contrast, SAFA meal was associated with a marked reduction in the expression of COX (p < 0.001) PFK (p < 0.003), LPL (p = 0.002) and GLUT4 (p = 0.009) genes. CONCLUSION Dietary fats differentially modulate gene transcriptional profile since saturated, but not monounsaturated fat, downregulate the expression of genes regulating muscle glucose transport and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Turco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - M Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - V Valtucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - C Colosimo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - P De Feo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M Mantuano
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - V Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - G Riccardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - B Capaldo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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38
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary fat and fatty acid profile are associated with indices of skeletal muscle mass in women aged 18-79 years. J Nutr 2014. [PMID: 24401817 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass results in a reduction in metabolically active tissue and has been related to the onset of obesity and sarcopenia. Although the causes of muscle loss are poorly understood, dietary fat has been postulated to have a role in determining protein turnover through an influence on both inflammation and insulin resistance. This study was designed to investigate the cross-sectional relation between dietary fat intake, as dietary percentage of fat energy (PFE) and fatty acid profile, with indices of skeletal muscle mass in the population setting. Body composition [fat-free mass (FFM; in kg)] and the fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg FFM/m(2)) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2689 women aged 18-79 y from the TwinsUK Study and calculated according to quintile of dietary fat (by food-frequency questionnaire) after multivariate adjustment. Positive associations were found between the polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and indices of FFM, and inverse associations were found with PFE, SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and trans fatty acids (TFAs) (all as % of energy). Extreme quintile dietary differences for PFE were -0.6 kg for FFM and -0.28 kg/m(2) for FFMI; for SFAs, MUFAs, and TFAs, these were -0.5 to -0.8 kg for FFM and -0.26 to -0.38 kg/m(2) for FFMI. These associations were of a similar magnitude to the expected decline in muscle mass that occurs over 10 y. To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study to demonstrate an association between a comprehensive range of dietary fat intake and FFM. These findings indicate that a dietary fat profile already associated with cardiovascular disease protection may also be beneficial for conservation of skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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39
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Welch AA, MacGregor AJ, Minihane AM, Skinner J, Valdes AA, Spector TD, Cassidy A. Dietary Fat and Fatty Acid Profile Are Associated with Indices of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Women Aged 18–79 Years. J Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.185256 or 1=1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa A. Welch
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Jane Skinner
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Anna A. Valdes
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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40
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Huang X, Sjögren P, Ärnlöv J, Cederholm T, Lind L, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Risérus U, Carrero JJ. Serum fatty acid patterns, insulin sensitivity and the metabolic syndrome in individuals with chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med 2014; 275:71-83. [PMID: 24011327 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The causes of the multiple metabolic disorders of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not fully known. We investigated the relationships between dietary fat quality, the metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin sensitivity and inflammation in individuals with CKD. SUBJECTS Two population-based surveys were conducted in elderly Swedish individuals (aged 70 years) with serum cystatin C-estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL min(-1) /1.73 m2: the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) and the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) surveys. The present population comprised 274 men and 187 subjects (63% women) from the ULSAM and PIVUS cohorts, respectively. DESIGN Factor analyses of serum fatty acids were used to evaluate dietary fat quality. Insulin sensitivity was measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (IR) and, in ULSAM, also by euglycaemic clamp. RESULTS Factor analyses generated two fatty acid patterns of (i) low linoleic acid (LA)/high saturated fatty acid (SFA) or (ii) high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) levels. In both surveys, the low LA/high SFA pattern increased the odds of having MetS [adjusted odds ratio 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44-0.81] and 0.45 (95% CI 0.30-0.67) per SD decrease in factor score in the ULSAM and PIVUS surveys, respectively] and was directly associated with both IR and C-reactive protein. The n-3 PUFA pattern was not consistently associated with these risk factors. CONCLUSIONS A serum fatty acid pattern reflecting low LA and high SFA was strongly associated with MetS, IR and inflammation in two independent surveys of elderly individuals with CKD. At present, there are no specific dietary guidelines for individuals with CKD; however, these findings indirectly support current recommendations to replace SFAs with PUFAs from vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Fonseca Wald ELA, van den Borst B, Gosker HR, Schols AMWJ. Dietary fibre and fatty acids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk and progression: a systematic review. Respirology 2013; 19:176-184. [DOI: 10.1111/resp.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. A. Fonseca Wald
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Borst
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Harry R. Gosker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Annemie M. W. J. Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism; Maastricht University Medical Center+; Maastricht the Netherlands
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42
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Abstract
A biomarker can be defined as a measurable variable that may be used as an indicator of a given biological state or condition. Biomarkers have been used in health and disease for diagnostic purposes, as tools to assess effectiveness of nutritional or drug intervention, or as risk markers to predict the development of certain diseases. In nutrition studies, selecting appropriate biomarkers is important to assess compliance, or incidence of a particular dietary component in the biochemistry of the organism, and in the diagnosis and prognosis of nutrition-related diseases. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that occur simultaneously in the same individual, and it is associated with systemic alterations that may involve several organs and tissues. Given its close association with obesity and the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, identifying obese individuals at risk for metabolic syndrome is a major clinical priority. Biomarkers for metabolic syndrome are therefore potential important tools to maximize the effectiveness of treatment in subjects who would likely benefit the most. Choice of biomarkers may be challenging due to the complexity of the syndrome, and this article will mainly focus on nutrition biomarkers related to the diagnosis and prognosis of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Barazzoni
- Pierre Singer, Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Jabotinsky 39, Petach Tikva, Israel.
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43
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Russell WR, Baka A, Björck I, Delzenne N, Gao D, Griffiths HR, Hadjilucas E, Juvonen K, Lahtinen S, Lansink M, Loon LV, Mykkänen H, östman E, Riccardi G, Vinoy S, Weickert MO. Impact of Diet Composition on Blood Glucose Regulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 56:541-90. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.792772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy R. Russell
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Inger Björck
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Delzenne
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dan Gao
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Ellie Hadjilucas
- Coca-Cola Europe, Scientific and Regulatory Affairs Department, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristiina Juvonen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Mirian Lansink
- Danone Research, Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Van Loon
- Department of Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannu Mykkänen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elin östman
- Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sophie Vinoy
- Kraft Foods, R&D Centre, Nutrition Department, Saclay, France
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire and Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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