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Chermon D, Gelman O, Birk R. Blending Towards Healthier Lifestyles: The Impact of Regular Fruit and Vegetable Smoothie Consumption on Dietary Patterns and Sustainable Health Behaviors. Am J Health Promot 2024:8901171241258552. [PMID: 38828751 DOI: 10.1177/08901171241258552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research aimed to characterize the nutritional, health and basic sustainability practices among regular smoothies' consumers (RSC; ≥ 1-2 servings/week for ≥ 2 months). DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING Self-report online multiple-choice questionnaire survey of random sample of adults from online retailer database and community. SAMPLE 193 healthy Israeli adults (75.6% females, mean age 40.65 ± 14.36) completed an online multiple-choice validated survey from May 2022 to August 2023. MEASURES Demographic, anthropometric, and lifestyle habits, including physical activity, FV consumption, and sustainability practices. ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using chi-square tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney tests for non-normally distributed continuous variables. The level of statistical significance was set at .05. RESULTS RSC were significantly older (P < .001) and more physically active (P = .025) than occasional smoothie consumers (OSC). They consumed more FV, reaching nutritional recommendations, and exhibited significant lifestyle changes, including reduced meat (P = .013) and processed food consumption (P = .013), and regular meal consumption (P = .045). RSC used fewer disposables (P = .002) compared to OSC and non-smoothie consumers (P = .001). RSC demonstrated a higher incidence of weight reduction compared to weight gain. CONCLUSION RSC is significantly associated with health and nutritional sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyel Chermon
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Orel Gelman
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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2
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Lorimer B, Traviss-Turner G, Hill A, Baker S, Gilbody S, Peckham E. Factors associated with low fruit and vegetable consumption among people with severe mental ill health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024; 59:725-729. [PMID: 37314491 PMCID: PMC10264868 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Severe mental ill health (SMI) is associated with excess mortality, and poor diet is one associated modifiable risk factor. This study investigated factors associated with low consumption of fruit and vegetables among people with SMI (N = 9914). A total of 8.4% of participants ate no portions per day, while only 15% ate 5 + portions. Individuals who never consumed fruit and vegetables or ate < 5 portions per day were more likely to be male, younger than 65, unemployed, experience poorer general health, or perceive health as unimportant. Poor diet is common among people with SMI and tailored dietary improvement interventions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Lorimer
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
| | | | - Andrew Hill
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Baker
- York St John University, York, UK
- York and Scarborough Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - Simon Gilbody
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Hull York Medical School, York, UK
| | - Emily Peckham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
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Ghorbani Z, Noormohammadi M, Kazemi A, Poustchi H, Pourshams A, Martami F, Hashemian M, Malekzadeh R, Hekmatdoost A. Higher intakes of fiber, total vegetables, and fruits may attenuate the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: findings from a large prospective cohort study. Nutr J 2023; 22:60. [PMID: 37978495 PMCID: PMC10655472 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although studies have reported an inverse association between fruits, vegetables, and fiber consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, the issue remains incompletely defined in the Middle Eastern population. AIMS The current study aimed to investigate the association between dietary fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. METHODS A total of 48632 participants (mean age = 52years), 57.5% (n = 27974) women and 42.5% (n = 20658) men, were recruited from an ongoing large-scale prospective cohort study (the Golestan Cohort Study (GCS)), in the north of Iran. Using a validated semi-quantitative 116-item food questionnaire, dietary intakes were collected. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of all-cause and cause-specific mortality were reported. RESULTS After approximately 14 years of follow-up, 10,774 deaths were recorded. In the fully adjusted model, compared to those in the lowest quintile of intake, those in the second and third quintiles of dietary fiber intake had a 7%-10% reduction in risk of all-cause mortality, and a 15%-17% reduction in the risk of mortality from other causes. Increasing consumption of fruits was also associated with a decreased risk of mortality for all-cause mortality by 9%-11%, and all cancer by 15-20%. Further, those in the third and fourth quintiles of vegetables intake had 11%-12% lower risk for CVD mortality. DISCUSSION The results from the GCS further support the current recommendations on following a healthy diet containing proper amounts of fiber, vegetables, and fruits, as health-protective dietary items. CONCLUSIONS Higher intake of dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables has the potential to reduce both overall and cause-specific mortality rates. However, additional cohort studies with larger sample size and long-term follow-up durations are required to establish these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ghorbani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Kazemi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Martami
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Otsuka K, Nishiyama H, Kuriki D, Kawada N, Ochiya T. Connecting the dots in the associations between diet, obesity, cancer, and microRNAs. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:52-69. [PMID: 37156343 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic levels worldwide, leading to a lower quality of life and higher health costs. Obesity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases, including cancer, although obesity is one of the major preventable causes of cancer. Lifestyle factors, such as dietary quality and patterns, are also closely related to the onset and development of obesity and cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the complex association between diet, obesity, and cancer remain unclear. In the past few decades, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs, have been demonstrated to play critical roles in biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism, highlighting their importance in disease development and suppression and as therapeutic targets. miRNA expression levels can be modulated by diet and are involved in cancer and obesity-related diseases. Circulating miRNAs can also mediate cell-to-cell communications. These multiple aspects of miRNAs present challenges in understanding and integrating their mechanism of action. Here, we introduce a general consideration of the associations between diet, obesity, and cancer and review the current knowledge of the molecular functions of miRNA in each context. A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between diet, obesity, and cancer could be valuable for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurataka Otsuka
- Tokyo NODAI Research Institure, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan; R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjyuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Nishiyama
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuriki
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawada
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, 2-5-7, Sengawa-cho, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-0002, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1, Nishishinjyuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Nicklett EJ, Cheng GJ, Morris ZA. Predictors of food insecurity among older adults before and during COVID-19 in the United States. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1112575. [PMID: 37250079 PMCID: PMC10213641 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has strained the health and wellbeing of older adult populations through increased morbidity, mortality, and social exclusion. However, the impact of COVID-19 on the health of older adults through food security has received relatively little attention, despite the strong impact of diet quality on the health and longevity of older adults. Objective The objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic and socioeconomic predictors of self-reported food insecurity before and early in the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults in the United States. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the United States, we examined the associations between sociodemographic and socioeconomic predictors of self-reported food insecurity between 2018 (N = 2,413) and June 2020 (N = 2,216) using population-weighted multivariate logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of food insecurity doubled among participants from 2018 (4.83%) to June 2020 (9.54%). In 2018, non-Hispanic Black and rural residents were more likely to report food insecurity, while individuals with higher education and greater wealth were less likely to report food insecurity in adjusted models. In June 2020, those who were relatively younger, not working due to a disability, and renting were more likely to report food insecurity. Those with an increased number of functional limitations, a recent onset of a work-limiting disability, and those who were no longer homeowners experienced an elevated longitudinal risk for food insecurity. Conclusion Future research should examine effective policies and interventions to address the disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 on populations at a heightened risk of experiencing food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Joy Nicklett
- Department of Social Work, College for Health, Community and Policy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Greta Jianjia Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zachary A. Morris
- School of Social Welfare, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Wilson D, Driller M, Johnston B, Gill N. Healthy Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Sleep Hygiene to Promote Cardiometabolic Health of Airline Pilots: A Narrative Review. J Lifestyle Med 2023; 13:1-15. [PMID: 37250274 PMCID: PMC10210965 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2023.13.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airline pilots experience unique occupational demands that may contribute to adverse physical and psychological health outcomes. Epidemiological reports have shown a substantial prevalence of cardiometabolic health risk factors including excessive body weight, elevated blood pressure, poor lifestyle behaviors, and psychological fatigue. Achieving health guidelines for lifestyle behavior nutrition, physical activity, and sleep are protective factors against the development of noncommunicable diseases and may mitigate the unfavorable occupational demands of airline pilots. This narrative review examines occupational characteristics for sleep, nutrition, and physical activity and outlines evidence-based strategies to inform health behavior interventions to mitigate cardiometabolic health risk factors among airline pilots. Methods Literature sources published between 1990 and 2022 were identified through electronic searches in PubMed, MEDLINE (via OvidSP), PsychINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, and a review of official reports and documents from regulatory authorities pertaining to aviation medicine and public health was conducted. The literature search strategy comprised key search terms relating to airline pilots, health behaviors, and cardiometabolic health. The inclusion criteria for literature sources were peer-reviewed human studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and reports or documents published by regulatory bodies. Results The results of the review show occupational factors influencing nutrition, sleep, and physical activity behaviors and delineate evident occupational disruptions to these lifestyle behaviors. Evidence from clinical trials demonstrates the efficacy of nutrition, sleep, and physical activity interventions for enhancing the cardiometabolic health of airline pilots. Conclusion This narrative review suggests that implementing evidence-based interventions focused on nutrition, physical activity, and sleep could help mitigate cardiometabolic health risk factors among airline pilots, who are particularly susceptible to adverse health outcomes due to unique occupational demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wilson
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health, Education and Environment, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Driller
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben Johnston
- Aviation and Occupational Health Unit, Air New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Gill
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington, New Zealand
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Slagel N, Newman T, Sanville L, Thompson JJ, Dallas J, Cotto-Rivera E, Lee JS. A Pilot Fruit and Vegetable Prescription (FVRx) Program Improves Local Fruit and Vegetable Consumption, Nutrition Knowledge, and Food Purchasing Practices. Health Promot Pract 2023; 24:62-69. [PMID: 34078142 DOI: 10.1177/15248399211018169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fruit and Vegetable Prescription (FVRx) programs rely on diverse community and clinic partnerships to improve food security and fruit and vegetable consumption among medically underserved patient populations. Despite the growth in these programs, little is known about the feasibility or effectiveness of the unique partnerships developed to implement FVRx programs conducted in both community and free safety-net clinic settings. A 6-month nonrandomized controlled trial of an FVRx program was pilot tested with 54 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)-eligible adults with diet-related chronic conditions. The intervention combined monthly produce prescriptions for local produce at a farmers market, SNAP-Ed direct nutrition education, and health screenings for low-income adults. Process and outcome evaluations were conducted with respective samples using administrative program data (recruitment, retention, and prescription redemption) and self-administered pre- and postintervention surveys with validated measures on dietary intake, nutrition knowledge and behavior, and food purchasing practices. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted. The FVRx program retained 77.3% of participants who spent nearly 90% of their prescription dollars. After the intervention, the FVRx group reported significantly increased total intake of fruits and vegetables, knowledge of fresh fruit and vegetable preparation, purchase of fresh fruits and vegetables from a farmers market, and significantly altered food purchasing practices compared with the control group. Community-based nutrition education organizations enhance the feasibility and effectiveness of community and clinic-based FVRx programs for improving low-income adults' ability to enhance food and nutrition-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Slagel
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Taylor Newman
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Laurel Sanville
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Jackie Dallas
- University of Georgia Cooperative Extension, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Edda Cotto-Rivera
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jung Sun Lee
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Udensi J, Loughman J, Loskutova E, Byrne HJ. Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoid Compounds for Clinical Applications-A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249017. [PMID: 36558154 PMCID: PMC9784873 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoid compounds are ubiquitous in nature, providing the characteristic colouring of many algae, bacteria, fruits and vegetables. They are a critical component of the human diet and play a key role in human nutrition, health and disease. Therefore, the clinical importance of qualitative and quantitative carotene content analysis is increasingly recognised. In this review, the structural and optical properties of carotenoid compounds are reviewed, differentiating between those of carotenes and xanthophylls. The strong non-resonant and resonant Raman spectroscopic signatures of carotenoids are described, and advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy to identify carotenoids in biological environments are reviewed. Focus is drawn to applications in nutritional analysis, optometry and serology, based on in vitro and ex vivo measurements in skin, retina and blood, and progress towards establishing the technique in a clinical environment, as well as challenges and future perspectives, are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Udensi
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - James Loughman
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ekaterina Loskutova
- School of Physics and Clinical and Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Eye Research, Ireland, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, D07 EWV4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, Dublin 8, D08 CKP1 Dublin, Ireland
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Slagel N, Thompson JJ, Lee JS. Produce Prescriptions and Nutrition Education Improve Experiences and Perceptions of Farm Direct Settings in Adults With Low Income. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:1011-1023. [PMID: 36357040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine Fruit and Vegetable Prescription (FVRx) Program participants' and nonparticipants' experiences and perceptions of farm direct (FD) settings. DESIGN Multiple-case study of adults with low income from 3 study groups: (1) FVRx intervention (produce prescription, nutrition education [NE], financial literacy education, health screening), (2) NE only, and (3) control (standard health care). Participant interviews with each group at baseline and 6 months. SETTING Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed) eligible adults from 3 Georgia counties. PARTICIPANTS A total of 46 adults with ≥ 1 diet-related condition. PHENOMENA OF INTEREST Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program participant and nonparticipant experiences and perceptions of FD settings. ANALYSIS Constant comparative methods and thematic analysis of qualitative interview data across groups. FINDINGS Two main themes emerged: (1) baseline FD setting experiences and perceptions and (2) divergent experiences and perceptions with FD settings postintervention. Participants across each group employed price-conscious food purchasing practices because of limited food budgets, limiting local food access. Combining produce prescription, NE, and farmers' market access enhanced FVRx participant associations with FD settings to reinforce motivation for accessing and purchasing fruits and vegetables beyond program participation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Programs reduce multiple barriers to participating in FD settings compared with NE or standard health care alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Slagel
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO.
| | | | - Jung Sun Lee
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
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Sooriyaarachchi P, Francis TV, Jayawardena R. Fruit and vegetable consumption during the COVID-19 lockdown in Sri Lanka: an online survey. NUTRIRE : REVISTA DE SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE ALIMENTACAO E NUTRICAO = JOURNAL OF THE BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF FOOD AND NUTRITION 2022; 47:12. [PMID: 38625301 PMCID: PMC9205284 DOI: 10.1186/s41110-022-00161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically altered the dietary patterns of individuals. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the purchase and consumption of fruit and vegetables in Sri Lanka during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online cross-sectional survey assessed the self-reported changes in fruit and vegetable consumption and purchase using Google forms. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between decreased consumption of imported fruits and increased home-grown food intake with socio-demographic variables. Results Among the 3621 survey respondents, 63.0% and 43.3% reported a decreased intake of imported and local fruits purchased from the market, respectively. Although the overall vegetable consumption has declined, the leafy vegetable consumption has increased by 40.7%. Imported fruit intake has significantly reduced among youngsters, males, respondents living in municipal areas, employed, and those with lower monthly incomes. Among the respondent, 48.9% declared an increased consumption of home-grown fruits or vegetables. Responders living away from Colombo and rural areas were more likely to report a higher intake of home-grown fruits and vegetables (OR 2.021; 95% CI, 1.762-2.318, P < 0.001). Employed males residing in municipal areas were less likely to report an increased intake (OR 0.689; 95% CI, 0.574-0.827, P < 0.001). Conclusion Purchase of imported and local fruits from the market has reduced. Although the overall vegetable consumption was decreased, there has been an increase in the consumption of leafy vegetables. Furthermore, consumption of home-grown fruits and vegetables has increased considerably. Well-established food distribution programs are essential in future pandemics to promote healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piumika Sooriyaarachchi
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Tormalli V. Francis
- Health and Wellness Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Wilson D, Driller M, Johnston B, Gill N. The prevalence and distribution of health risk factors in airline pilots: a cross-sectional comparison with the general population. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:572-580. [PMID: 35298070 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence and distribution of health risk factors in airline pilots and compare these with the general population. METHODS Health risk measures: age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, sleep, physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable intake (FV) were analysed to determine the prevalence and distribution of health risk. RESULTS Obesity prevalence and BMI was lower in pilots (p=<0.001, -17.5%, d=-0.41, and p=<0.05, -1.8, d=-0.37, respectively), yet overall overweight and obesity prevalence did not differ between groups (p=0.20). No difference was observed between groups for hypertension (p=0.79, h=-0.01), yet a higher proportion of pilots were 'at risk' for hypertension (p=<0.001, h=-0.34). The general population had longer sleep duration (p=<0.001, d=0.12), achieved more total PA minutes (p=<0.001, d=0.75), and had a higher prevalence of positive self-rated health (p=<0.001, h=0.31). More pilots achieved >5 servings of FV daily (p=0.002, h=0.16). CONCLUSION Pilots had lower obesity prevalence, higher FV, yet lower positive self-health ratings and total PA minutes, and shorter sleep duration overall. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH The results indicate notable health risk factor prevalence in airline pilots and the general population. Based on present findings, aviation health researchers should further examine targeted, cost-effective intervention methods for promoting healthy bodyweight, managing blood pressure, and enhancing health behaviours to mitigate the risks of occupational morbidity, medical conditions causing loss of licence, medical incapacity, and to support flight safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wilson
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, New Zealand.,Faculty of Health, Education and Environment, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Driller
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Victoria
| | - Ben Johnston
- Aviation and Occupational Health Unit, Air New Zealand, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Gill
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, New Zealand.,New Zealand Rugby, New Zealand
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Migliavada R, Ricci FZ, Denti F, Haghverdian D, Torri L. Is purchasing of vegetable dishes affected by organic or local labels? Empirical evidence from a university canteen. Appetite 2022; 173:105995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Nicklett EJ, Johnson KE, Troy LM, Vartak M, Reiter A. Food Access, Diet Quality, and Nutritional Status of Older Adults During COVID-19: A Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2021; 9:763994. [PMID: 34917577 PMCID: PMC8669368 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.763994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has imposed challenges for older adults to access food, particularly in minority, lower income, and rural communities. However, the impact of COVID-19 on food access, diet quality, and nutrition of diverse older adult populations has not been systematically assessed. Objective: To examine changes in food access, diet quality, and nutritional status among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential differential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on these nutrition-related outcomes using the framework of the socio-ecological model. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on 3 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science) on March 7, 2021. Original, peer-reviewed English-language studies published 10/1/2019-3/1/2021 were considered for which the mean age of participants was 50 years and older. In order to be considered, studies must have examined food access, food security, or nutrition constructs as an outcome. Results: The initial search yielded 13,628 results, of which 9,145 were duplicates. Of the remaining 4,483 articles, 13 articles were in scope and therefore selected in the final analysis, which can be characterized as descriptive (n = 5), analytical (n = 6), and correlational (n = 2). Studies were conducted among community-dwelling older adult populations (n = 7) as well as those temporarily residing in hospital settings (n = 6) in 10 countries. None of the in-scope studies examined the impact of food programs or specific public policies or disaggregated data by race/ethnicity. Conclusions: More research is needed to examine the impact of COVID-19 on food access/security and the differential barriers experienced by older adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Nicklett
- Department of Social Work, College for Health, Community and Policy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kimson E. Johnson
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lisa M. Troy
- School of Public Health & Health Sciences and Commonwealth Honors College, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Maitreyi Vartak
- Department of Psychology, College of Liberal and Fine Arts, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ann Reiter
- Department of Social Work, College for Health, Community and Policy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Wilson D, Driller M, Winwood P, Johnston B, Gill N. The Effects of a Brief Lifestyle Intervention on the Health of Overweight Airline Pilots during COVID-19: A 12-Month Follow-Up Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:4288. [PMID: 34959838 PMCID: PMC8707615 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a 12-month follow-up of health parameters after a 17-week lifestyle intervention in overweight airline pilots. A parallel-group (intervention and control) study was conducted amongst 72 overweight airline pilots (body mass index > 25) over a 12-month period following the emergence of COVID-19. The intervention group (n = 35) received a personalized dietary, sleep, and physical activity program over a 17-week period. The control group (n = 37) received no intervention. Measurements for subjective health (physical activity, sleep quality and quantity, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-rated health) via an electronic survey, and objective measures of body mass and blood pressure were taken at baseline and at 12 months. Significant interactions for group × time from baseline to 12-months were found for all outcome measures (p < 0.001). Body mass and mean arterial pressure significantly decreased in the intervention group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Outcome measures for subjective health (physical activity, sleep quality and quantity, fruit and vegetable intake, and self-rated health) significantly increased in the intervention group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Results provide preliminary evidence that a brief three-component healthy sleep, diet and physical activity intervention can elicit and sustain long-term improvements in body mass and blood pressure management, health behaviors, and perceived subjective health in pilots and may support quality of life during an unprecedented global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wilson
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand
- Faculty of Health, Education and Environment, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand; (P.W.); (N.G.)
| | - Matthew Driller
- Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
| | - Paul Winwood
- Faculty of Health, Education and Environment, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand; (P.W.); (N.G.)
| | - Ben Johnston
- Aviation and Occupational Health Unit, Air New Zealand, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Nicholas Gill
- Faculty of Health, Education and Environment, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand; (P.W.); (N.G.)
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
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Changes in Quantity and Sources of Dietary Fiber from Adopting Healthy Low-Fat vs. Healthy Low-Carb Weight Loss Diets: Secondary Analysis of DIETFITS Weight Loss Diet Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103625. [PMID: 34684626 PMCID: PMC8539701 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The daily intake of dietary fiber is well below the recommended levels in the US. The effect of adopting a low-fat vs. a low-carbohydrate weight loss diet on fiber intake is of interest but not well-documented, especially when both approaches promote high-quality food choices. The objective of this paper is to compare the quantity and sources of dietary fiber between a healthy low-fat (HLF) vs. healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet group when consumed over 12 months in a weight loss diet study. In this secondary analysis of the Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) study, the amount and sources of dietary fiber were examined in generally healthy adults, 18-50 years of age, Body Mass Index (BMI) 28-40 kg/m2, randomized to HLF or HLC for 12 months, who had available 24-h recalls at 0 (n = 609), 3 (n = 549), 6 (n = 491), and 12 (n = 449) months. The dietary intake was estimated by the Nutrition Data System for Research (NDS-R). The sources of fiber were determined for the major food groups. Significantly more total dietary fiber was consumed by HLF at every post-randomization time point, and, at 12 m, was 23.04 ± 9.43 g vs. 18.61 ± 8.12 g for HLF vs. HLC, respectively, p < 0.0001. In both diet groups at 12 months, the highest amount of dietary fiber came from non-starchy vegetables (4.13 ± 3.05 g and 5.13 ± 3.59 g). The other primary sources of fiber at 12 months for the HLF group were from whole grains (3.90 ± 3.13 g) and fruits (3.40 ± 2.87 g), and, for the HLC group, were from plant protein and fat sources, such as nuts and seeds, their butters, and avocados (2.64 ± 2.64 g). In the DIETFITS study, the difference in the total fiber intake for the HLF vs. HLC groups was more modest than expected. The HLC group consumed reasonably high amounts of fiber from high-protein and high fat plant-based sources.
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16
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Albuquerque LD, Albala C. [The role of social integration in the consumption of fruit and vegetables among the elderly]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:3895-3906. [PMID: 34468682 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232021269.2.27842019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the extent to which aspects of the social integration of the elderly are linked to higher levels of fruit and vegetable consumption. It involved a cross-sectional study based on data from the National Study of Dependency in the Elderly, with a sample of 3278 elderly individuals. The variables of social integration considered were: frequency of meeting with close relatives, other relatives and neighbors and friends in the last 12 months; participation in recreational activities and in community groups, in addition to housing arrangements and marital status. The number of servings of fruit and vegetables consumed per day was the dependent variable. Logistic regression analysis was then conducted. In the adjusted model, more frequent encounters with siblings, in-laws and nephews, participation in community groups or organizations, are factors that increase the possibility of consuming two or more servings of fruit and vegetables a day, versus 1 serving or none; the opposite was observed when living alone. The variables of social integration that can increase the possibility of attaining the recommendation of consumption of fruit and vegetables daily (5 or more) in the adjusted model are frequency of encounters with siblings, in-laws and nephews and living alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia de Albuquerque
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca. Ruta 118, Talca. Maule Chile.
| | - Cecilia Albala
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile. Santiago Chile
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17
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Hill CM, Paschall MJ, O'Brien DM, Bersamin A. Characterizing Vegetable and Fruit Intake in a Remote Alaska Native Community Using Reflection Spectroscopy and 24-Hour Recalls. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 53:712-718. [PMID: 33715972 PMCID: PMC8783602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Characterize vegetable and fruit (VF) intake in a Yup'ik community using self-reported intake and skin carotenoid status (SCS) and evaluate the relationship between SCS and fish intake. METHODS Self-reported VF intake was measured using the 24-hour recall, SCS was measured by reflection spectroscopy via the Veggie Meter (Longevity Link Corporation), and fish intake was estimated by the nitrogen isotope ratio (NIR) for 80 participants in a remote community in Southwestern Alaska. Bivariate correlations were used to assess the relationship between self-reported VF intake, SCS, and NIR. RESULTS Intake of all VF subgroups was low. The SCS was higher for males (262.7 vs 185.3; P = 0.002) and participants consuming more than 1 VF serving (232.5 vs 183.0; P = 0.02). It was not associated with the NIR. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Increasing VF intake is a way to improve diet in Yup'ik communities and the Veggie Meter is a simple and noninvasive tool to facilitate surveillance efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Hill
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Mallie J Paschall
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Andrea Bersamin
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK.
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18
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Otsuka K, Ochiya T. Possible connection between diet and microRNA in cancer scenario. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:4-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Perceptions of nutrition education classes offered in conjunction with a community-supported agriculture intervention among low-income families. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:3028-3036. [PMID: 32830626 PMCID: PMC9884744 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine participants' experiences with nutrition education classes that were implemented with and designed to complement a cost-offset community-supported agriculture (CSA) programme. DESIGN Qualitative analysis of data from twenty-eight focus groups with ninety-six participants enrolled in Farm Fresh Foods for Healthy Kids (F3HK). Transcribed data were coded and analysed by a priori and emergent themes. SETTING Rural and micropolitan communities in New York, North Carolina, Vermont and Washington (USA). PARTICIPANTS Ninety-six F3HK participants. RESULTS Participants found recipes and class activities helpful and reported improvements in nutrition knowledge, food preservation skills and home cooking behaviours for themselves and their children; they also reported that classes promoted a sense of community. Some educators better incorporated CSA produce into lessons, which participants reported as beneficial. Other obligations and class logistics were barriers to attendance; participants recommended that lessons be offered multiple times weekly at different times of day. Other suggestions included lengthening class duration to encourage social engagement; emphasising recipes to incorporate that week's CSA produce and pantry staples and offering additional strategies to incorporate children in classes. CONCLUSION Complementing a cost-offset CSA with nutrition education may enhance programme benefits to low-income families by improving nutrition knowledge and cooking behaviours. However, future interventions will benefit from ongoing coordination between educators and local growing trajectories to maximise timely coverage of unfamiliar produce in lessons; synchronous scheduling of CSA pick-up and classes for participant convenience and creative strategies to engage children and/or provide childcare.
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Ismaeel A, Greathouse KL, Newton N, Miserlis D, Papoutsi E, Smith RS, Eidson JL, Dawson DL, Milner CW, Widmer RJ, Bohannon WT, Koutakis P. Phytochemicals as Therapeutic Interventions in Peripheral Artery Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:2143. [PMID: 34206667 PMCID: PMC8308302 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects over 200 million people worldwide, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, yet treatment options remain limited. Among the manifestations of PAD is a severe functional disability and decline, which is thought to be the result of different pathophysiological mechanisms including oxidative stress, skeletal muscle pathology, and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability. Thus, compounds that target these mechanisms may have a therapeutic effect on walking performance in PAD patients. Phytochemicals produced by plants have been widely studied for their potential health effects and role in various diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this review, we focus on PAD and discuss the evidence related to the clinical utility of different phytochemicals. We discuss phytochemical research in preclinical models of PAD, and we highlight the results of the available clinical trials that have assessed the effects of these compounds on PAD patient functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (K.L.G.); (E.P.)
| | - K. Leigh Greathouse
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (K.L.G.); (E.P.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Nathan Newton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA;
| | - Dimitrios Miserlis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Evlampia Papoutsi
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (K.L.G.); (E.P.)
| | - Robert S. Smith
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (R.S.S.); (J.L.E.); (D.L.D.); (C.W.M.); (W.T.B.)
| | - Jack L. Eidson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (R.S.S.); (J.L.E.); (D.L.D.); (C.W.M.); (W.T.B.)
| | - David L. Dawson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (R.S.S.); (J.L.E.); (D.L.D.); (C.W.M.); (W.T.B.)
| | - Craig W. Milner
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (R.S.S.); (J.L.E.); (D.L.D.); (C.W.M.); (W.T.B.)
| | - Robert J. Widmer
- Heart & Vascular Department, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA;
| | - William T. Bohannon
- Department of Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA; (R.S.S.); (J.L.E.); (D.L.D.); (C.W.M.); (W.T.B.)
| | - Panagiotis Koutakis
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (A.I.); (K.L.G.); (E.P.)
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21
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Olfat M, Laraia BA, Aswani AJ. Association of Funding and Meal Preparation Time With Nutritional Quality of Meals of Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program Recipients. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2114701. [PMID: 34165578 PMCID: PMC8226420 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a federal program that provides food-purchasing assistance to low-income people; however, its current design does not account for the time availability of SNAP recipients to prepare meals. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of the availability of funding for food purchases and time for meal preparation with the nutritional quality of meals of SNAP recipients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study used decision analytical modeling to evaluate the nutritional quality of meals of SNAP recipients. The model was developed from February 6, 2017, to December 12, 2020, using data from 2017 and is based on discrete optimization. The model describes food and grocery purchasing, in-home meal preparation, and meal plan choices of a family of SNAP participants (2 adults and 2 children) while considering food preferences, meal preparation time, and food costs. The model assumes food preferences match the foods typically purchased by SNAP households. Costs of food ingredients and prepared foods are taken from a single zip code. EXPOSURES Time availability and total amount and type of funding were varied. Allowing prepared delicatessen foods and disallowing frozen prepared foods for purchase using SNAP funds were considered. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the number of home-cooked meals and the amounts of fruits, vegetables, protein, sodium, sugar, and fiber consumed from generated meal plans. Amounts were evaluated as a percentage of the quantity recommended by established dietary guidelines. RESULTS Increased time availability was associated with increases in the percentage of home-cooked meals and servings of fruits/vegetables and decreased sodium consumption. Higher levels of funding were associated with increased consumption of fiber, fruits/vegetables, protein, sodium, and sugar. With 20 min/d of cooking time, $400/mo of SNAP benefits, and $100/mo of self-funding, the meal plan had a mean (SE) of 20.1% (0.3%) of meals home cooked, 0.5 (<0.1) servings/d per person of fruits/vegetables, 100.3% (0.6%) of daily recommended protein per person, 115.1% (0.8%) of daily recommended sodium per person, 241.8% (1.0%) of daily recommended sugar per person, and 31.2% (0.3%) of daily recommended fiber per person. With 20 min/d of cooking time, $400/mo of SNAP benefits, and $600/mo of self-funding, the meal plan had a mean (SE) of 23.9% (1.0%) of meals home cooked, 2.8 (0.1) servings/d per person of fruits/vegetables, 134.9% (1.6%) of daily recommended protein per person, 200.9% (3.1%) of daily recommended sodium per person, 295.1% (3.1%) of daily recommended sugar per person, and 90.1% (1.0%) of daily recommended fiber per person. With 60 min/d of cooking time, $400/mo of SNAP benefits, and $100/mo of self-funding, the meal plan had a mean (SE) of 52.7% (0.9%) of meals home cooked, 1.4 (<0.1) servings/d per person of fruits/vegetables, 109.0% (1.1%) of daily recommended protein per person, 108.7% (1.0%) of daily recommended sodium per person, 298.6% (2.0%) of daily recommended sugar per person, and 38.8% (0.4%) of daily recommended fiber per person. With 60 min/d of cooking time, $400/mo of SNAP benefits, and $600/mo of self-funding, the meal plan had a mean (SE) of 42.8% (1.2%) meals home cooked, 4.3 (0.1) servings/d per person of fruits/vegetables, 144.4% (1.8%) of daily recommended protein per person, 165.2% (2.8%) of daily recommended sodium per person, 322.4% (2.4%) of daily recommended sugar per person, and 91.0% (0.9%) of daily recommended fiber per person. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this decision analytical model, meal preparation time was associated with the ability of SNAP recipient families to consume nutritious meals, suggesting that increased funding alone may be insufficient for improving the nutritional profiles of SNAP recipients. Given the current US food supply, governmental interventions that provide the equivalence in increased time availability to achieve nutritious meals may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Olfat
- Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley
- Now with Citadel LLC, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Anil J. Aswani
- Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, University of California, Berkeley
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Banerjee T, Carrero JJ, McCulloch C, Burrows NR, Siegel KR, Morgenstern H, Saran R, Powe NR. Dietary Factors and Prevention: Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease by Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:356-367. [PMID: 34044392 PMCID: PMC8263504 DOI: 10.1159/000514754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has not been examined in the general population and fully explored in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We prospectively evaluated this relationship in US representative sample of adults and evaluated consistency by the presence or absence, and severity, of CKD. METHODS We used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) linked with the US Renal Data System, including 14,725 adults aged ≥20 years and with follow-up for ESKD through 2008. Daily FV intake was ascertained using a food frequency questionnaire. We examined the association between selected categories of FV intake and ESKD using a Fine Gray competing risk model adjusting for sociodemographics, lifestyle, clinical and nutritional factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria. We evaluated whether risk varied in individuals with severe versus any CKD. RESULTS 230 participants (1.5%) developed ESKD during follow-up. In the adjusted model, compared to highest intake, those in lowest categories of FV intake had a higher risk of ESKD, for <2 times/day (1.45 [1.24-1.68], 2 to <3 times/day (1.40 [1.18-1.61]), 3 to <4 times/day (1.25 [1.04-1.46]), and 4 to <6 times/day (1.14 [0.97-1.31]). There was suggestion of heterogeneity (p for interaction = 0.03) with possible stronger inverse association in patients with CKD than those without CKD. After stratification, we obtained similar strong inverse association when we examined ESKD incidence across intake of FVs in participants with CKD stages 1-4 (n = 5,346) and specifically in those with CKD stages 3-4 (n = 1,084). CONCLUSIONS Low intake of FVs was associated with higher risk of ESKD in US adults with and without CKD, supporting an emerging body of literature on the potential benefits of plant-rich diets for prevention of ESKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Banerjee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Juan Jesus Carrero
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Charles McCulloch
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nilka Rios Burrows
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen R Siegel
- Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hal Morgenstern
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Urology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajiv Saran
- Kidney Epidemiology & Cost Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Neil R Powe
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA
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Wilson D, Driller M, Johnston B, Gill N. The effectiveness of a 17-week lifestyle intervention on health behaviors among airline pilots during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:333-340. [PMID: 33221534 PMCID: PMC7957121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a 17-week, 3-component lifestyle intervention for enhancing health behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A parallel-group (intervention and control) study was conducted amongst 79 airline pilots over a 17-week period during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention group (n = 38) received a personalized sleep, dietary, and physical activity (PA) program. The control group (n = 41) received no intervention. Outcome measures for sleep, fruit and vegetable intake, PA, and subjective health were measured though an online survey before and after the 17-week period. The changes in outcome measures were used to determine the efficacy of the intervention. RESULTS Significant main effects for time × group were found for International Physical Activity Questionnaire-walk (p = 0.02) and for all other outcome measures (p < 0.01). The intervention group significantly improved in sleep duration (p < 0.01; d = 1.35), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (p < 0.01; d = 1.14), moderate-to-vigorous PA (p < 0.01; d = 1.44), fruit and vegetable intake (p < 0.01; d = 2.09), Short Form 12v2 physical score (p < 0.01; d = 1.52), and Short Form 12v2 mental score (p < 0.01; d = 2.09). The control group showed significant negative change for sleep duration, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score, and Short Form 12v2 mental score (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Results provide preliminary evidence that a 3-component healthy sleep, eating, and PA intervention elicit improvements in health behaviors and perceived subjective health in pilots and may improve quality of life during an unprecedented global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wilson
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand; Faculty of Health, Education and Environment, Toi Ohomai Institute of Technology, Tauranga 3112, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew Driller
- Sport and Exercise Science, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - Ben Johnston
- Aviation and Occupational Medicine Unit, Wellington School of Medicine, Otago University, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Gill
- Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand; New Zealand Rugby, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
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Martin A, Coplen A, Lubowicki L, Izumi B. A Photovoice Inquiry Into the Impacts of a Subsidized CSA Program on Participants' Health. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2021; 49:10901981211002453. [PMID: 33899549 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211002453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced risk of disease, many Americans do not eat the recommended quantity or variety. This is especially true for low-income populations, who may face significant barriers to accessing fresh produce, including cost. Community-supported agriculture (CSA) Partnerships for Health is a subsidized community-supported agriculture program designed to reduce barriers to accessing fresh produce in a low-income population. This Photovoice study gave participants (n = 28) an opportunity to take photos representing how the program affects their lives. The aim was to understand the program's impact from the perspective of CSA members. Participants had 2 to 4 weeks to take photographs, and then selected a few to discuss during a subsequent focus group. Through this discussion, we learned that participants see the program as (a) supporting positive changes to their physical and social health and (b) facilitating learning about new foods, cooking, and agriculture. The study suggests that a reduced-cost CSA membership that incorporates cooking education supports participants' ability to try new foods, build skills, and improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allea Martin
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amy Coplen
- Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Betty Izumi
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
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Poljsak B, Kovač V, Milisav I. Antioxidants, Food Processing and Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030433. [PMID: 33799844 PMCID: PMC8001021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss and/or modification of natural antioxidants during various food processing techniques and storage methods, like heat/thermal, UV, pulsed electric field treatment, drying, blanching and irradiation is well described. Antioxidants in their reduced form are modified mainly by oxidation, and less by pyrolysis and hydrolysis. Thus, they are chemically converted from the reduced to an oxidized form. Here we describe the neglected role of the oxidized forms of antioxidants produced during food processing and their effect on health. While natural antioxidants in their reduced forms have many well studied health-promoting characteristics, much less is known about the effects of their oxidized forms and other metabolites, which may have some health benefits as well. The oxidized forms of natural antioxidants affect cell signaling, the regulation of transcription factor activities and other determinants of gene expression. Very low doses may trigger hormesis, resulting in specific health benefits by the activation of damage repair processes and antioxidative defense systems. Functional studies determining the antioxidants’ effects on the organisms are important, especially as reduced or oxidized antioxidants and their metabolites may have additional or synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljsak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (V.K.)
| | - Vito Kovač
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (V.K.)
| | - Irina Milisav
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (V.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-543-7022; Fax: +386-1-543-7021
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Wang DD, Li Y, Bhupathiraju SN, Rosner BA, Sun Q, Giovannucci EL, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mortality: Results From 2 Prospective Cohort Studies of US Men and Women and a Meta-Analysis of 26 Cohort Studies. Circulation 2021; 143:1642-1654. [PMID: 33641343 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.048996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal intake levels of fruit and vegetables for maintaining long-term health are uncertain. METHODS We followed 66 719 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2014) and 42 016 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2014) who were free from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and diabetes at baseline. Diet was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline and updated every 2 to 4 years. We also conducted a dose-response meta-analysis, including results from our 2 cohorts and 24 other prospective cohort studies. RESULTS We documented 33 898 deaths during the follow-up. After adjustment for known and suspected confounding variables and risk factors, we observed nonlinear inverse associations of fruit and vegetable intake with total mortality and cause-specific mortality attributable to cancer, CVD, and respiratory disease (all Pnonlinear<0.001). Intake of ≈5 servings per day of fruit and vegetables, or 2 servings of fruit and 3 servings of vegetables, was associated with the lowest mortality, and above that level, higher intake was not associated with additional risk reduction. In comparison with the reference level (2 servings/d), daily intake of 5 servings of fruit and vegetables was associated with hazard ratios (95% CI) of 0.87 (0.85-0.90) for total mortality, 0.88 (0.83-0.94) for CVD mortality, 0.90 (0.86-0.95) for cancer mortality, and 0.65 (0.59-0.72) for respiratory disease mortality. The dose-response meta-analysis that included 145 015 deaths accrued in 1 892 885 participants yielded similar results (summary risk ratio of mortality for 5 servings/d=0.87 [95% CI, 0.85-0.88]; Pnonlinear<0.001). Higher intakes of most subgroups of fruits and vegetables were associated with lower mortality, with the exception of starchy vegetables such as peas and corn. Intakes of fruit juices and potatoes were not associated with total and cause-specific mortality. CONCLUSIONS Higher intakes of fruit and vegetables were associated with lower mortality; the risk reduction plateaued at ≈5 servings of fruit and vegetables per day. These findings support current dietary recommendations to increase intake of fruits and vegetables, but not fruit juices and potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong D Wang
- Channing Division for Network Medicine (D.D.W., S.N.B., B.A.R., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., Y.L., S.N.B., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., Y.L., S.N.B., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Channing Division for Network Medicine (D.D.W., S.N.B., B.A.R., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., Y.L., S.N.B., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Bernard A Rosner
- Channing Division for Network Medicine (D.D.W., S.N.B., B.A.R., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Biostatistics (B.A.R.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Channing Division for Network Medicine (D.D.W., S.N.B., B.A.R., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., Y.L., S.N.B., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., Y.L., S.N.B., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology (E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Channing Division for Network Medicine (D.D.W., S.N.B., B.A.R., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., Y.L., S.N.B., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology (E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Channing Division for Network Medicine (D.D.W., S.N.B., B.A.R., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., Y.L., S.N.B., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology (E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Channing Division for Network Medicine (D.D.W., S.N.B., B.A.R., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., Y.L., S.N.B., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology (E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division for Network Medicine (D.D.W., S.N.B., B.A.R., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., Y.L., S.N.B., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology (E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Channing Division for Network Medicine (D.D.W., S.N.B., B.A.R., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Nutrition (D.D.W., Y.L., S.N.B., Q.S., E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology (E.L.G., E.B.R., J.E.M., W.C.W., M.J.S., F.B.H.), Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Naughton F, Ward E, Khondoker M, Belderson P, Marie Minihane A, Dainty J, Hanson S, Holland R, Brown T, Notley C. Health behaviour change during the UK COVID‐19 lockdown: Findings from the first wave of the C‐19 health behaviour and well‐being daily tracker study. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 26:624-643. [PMID: 33410229 PMCID: PMC9291054 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To provide baseline cohort descriptives and assess change in health behaviours since the UK COVID‐19 lockdown. Design A prospective cohort (N = 1,044) of people recruited online, purposively targeting vulnerable populations. Methods After a baseline survey (April 2020), participants completed 3 months of daily ecological momentary assessments (EMA). Dietary, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, vaping and substance use behaviours collected retrospectively for the pre‐COVID‐19 period were compared with daily EMA surveys over the first 30 days during early lockdown. Predictors of behaviour change were assessed using multivariable regression models. Results 30% of the cohort had a COVID‐19 at risk health condition, 37% were classed as deprived and 6% self‐reported a mental health condition. Relative to pre‐pandemic levels, participants ate almost one portion of fruit and vegetables less per day (vegetables mean difference −0.33, 95% CI −0.40, −0.25; fruit −0.57, 95% CI −0.64, −0.50), but showed no change in high sugar portions per day (−0.03, 95% CI −0.12, 0.06). Participants spent half a day less per week doing ≥30 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (−0.57, 95% CI −0.73, −0.40) but slightly increased days of strength training (0.21, 95% CI 0.09, 0.34), increased alcohol intake (AUDIT‐C score change 0.25, 95% CI 0.13, 0.37), though did not change smoking, vaping or substance use behaviour. Worsening health behaviour change was associated with being younger, female and higher body mass index. Conclusions The cohort reported worsening health behaviours during early lockdown. Longer term changes will be investigated using further waves of data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Naughton
- Behavioural and Implementation Science Group School of Health Sciences University of East Anglia UK
| | - Emma Ward
- Addictions Research Group Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia UK
| | | | - Pippa Belderson
- Addictions Research Group Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia UK
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine Group Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia UK
| | - Jack Dainty
- Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Sarah Hanson
- Behavioural and Implementation Science Group School of Health Sciences University of East Anglia UK
| | | | - Tracey Brown
- Addictions Research Group Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia UK
| | - Caitlin Notley
- Addictions Research Group Norwich Medical School University of East Anglia UK
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Gu Y, He Y, Ali SH, Harper K, Dong H, Gittelsohn J. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and All-Cause Mortality in a Chinese Population: The China Health and Nutrition Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E342. [PMID: 33466375 PMCID: PMC7794965 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the association of long-term fruit and vegetable (FV) intake with all-cause mortality. We utilized data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a prospective cohort study conducted in China. The sample population included 19,542 adult respondents with complete mortality data up to 31 December 2011. Cumulative FV intake was assessed by 3 day 24 h dietary recalls. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause mortality. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, health-related factors, and urban index. A total of 1409 deaths were observed during follow-up (median: 14 years). In the fully adjusted model, vegetable intake of the fourth quintile (327~408 g/day) had the greatest negative association with death compared to the lowest quintile (HR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.53-0.76). Fruit intake of the fifth quintile (more than 126 g/day) had the highest negative association (HR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.15-0.40) and increasing general FV intake were also negatively associated with all-cause mortality which demonstrated the greatest negative association in the amount of fourth quintile (HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.70) compared to the lowest quintile. To conclude, greater FV intake is associated with a reduced risk of total mortality for Chinese adults. High intake of fruit has a stronger negative association with mortality than differences in intake of vegetables. Our findings support recommendations to increase the intake of FV to promote overall longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Gu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Yansu He
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Shahmir H. Ali
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA;
| | - Kaitlyn Harper
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (K.H.); (J.G.)
| | - Hengjin Dong
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (K.H.); (J.G.)
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Diet Quality and Neighborhood Environment in the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow's Health Project. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103217. [PMID: 33096731 PMCID: PMC7588981 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of relationships between different constructs of the neighbourhood environment and diet quality is needed to inform public health interventions. This study investigated associations between material deprivation, social deprivation and population density with diet quality in a cohort of 19,973 Canadian adults aged 35 to 69 years within the Atlantic PATH cohort study. Diet quality, a metric of how well diet conforms to recommendations was determined from a 24-item food frequency questionnaire. Neighbourhood environment data were derived from dissemination area level Census data. Two deprivation indices were evaluated: material and social deprivation, which reflect access to goods and amenities and social relationships. Multi-level models were used to estimate relationships (mean differences and 95% CI) between neighbourhood environment and diet quality, adjusting for covariates. Mean diet quality was lower in the most socially deprived neighbourhoods compared to the least socially deprived: −0.56, 95% CI (−0.88, −0.25). Relationships between diet quality and population density differed between urban and rural areas (p-interaction < 0.0001). In rural areas, diet quality was higher in intermediate-density neighbourhoods: 0.54, 95% CI (0.05, 1.03). In urban areas, diet quality was lower in intermediate-density and the most-dense neighbourhoods: −0.84, 95% CI (−1.28, −0.40) and −0.72, 95% CI (−1.20, −0.25). Our findings suggest socially deprived and high-density neighbourhoods are associated with lower diet quality and possible urban-rural differences in neighbourhood environment-diet quality relationships. Additional studies are needed to determine the temporal nature of relationships and whether differences in diet quality are meaningful.
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Liang SM, Kuang JF, Ji SJ, Chen QF, Deng W, Min T, Shan W, Chen JY, Lu WJ. The membrane lipid metabolism in horticultural products suffering chilling injury. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHorticultural commodities suffer chilling injury following exposure to extremely low temperatures, which results in visible symptoms and considerable quality loss. Therefore, it is of significance to understand the mechanism of this physiological disorder and to develop effective strategies to control it. Chilling stress causes alteration in structure and function of the plasma membrane, which is assumed to be the primary event in response to cold stress. During this process, the membrane lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in membrane fluidity and stability. In this review, we summarized the possible roles of membrane lipid metabolism in the development of chilling injury, having the potential for developing effective strategies to alleviate chilling injury in horticultural products under refrigerated storage in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-min Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| | - Jian-fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| | - Shu-juan Ji
- College of Food, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang City
| | - Qin-fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Wei Deng
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing
| | - Ting Min
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| | - Jian-ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
| | - Wang-jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Post-harvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou
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Niarchou M, Byrne EM, Trzaskowski M, Sidorenko J, Kemper KE, McGrath JJ, O' Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Wray NR. Genome-wide association study of dietary intake in the UK biobank study and its associations with schizophrenia and other traits. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:51. [PMID: 32066663 PMCID: PMC7026164 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivated by observational studies that report associations between schizophrenia and traits, such as poor diet, increased body mass index and metabolic disease, we investigated the genetic contribution to dietary intake in a sample of 335,576 individuals from the UK Biobank study. A principal component analysis applied to diet question item responses generated two components: Diet Component 1 (DC1) represented a meat-related diet and Diet Component 2 (DC2) a fish and plant-related diet. Genome-wide association analysis identified 29 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DC1 and 63 SNPs with DC2. Estimated from over 35,000 3rd-degree relative pairs that are unlikely to share close family environments, heritabilities for both DC1 and DC2 were 0.16 (standard error (s.e.) = 0.05). SNP-based heritability was 0.06 (s.e. = 0.003) for DC1 and 0.08 (s.e = 0.004) for DC2. We estimated significant genetic correlations between both DCs and schizophrenia, and several other traits. Mendelian randomisation analyses indicated a negative uni-directional relationship between liability to schizophrenia and tendency towards selecting a meat-based diet (which could be direct or via unidentified correlated variables), but a bi-directional relationship between liability to schizophrenia and tendency towards selecting a fish and plant-based diet consistent with genetic pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Niarchou
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States.
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Julia Sidorenko
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Esthonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kathryn E Kemper
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD, Australia
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael C O' Donovan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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32
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Improving the dietary quality of food parcels leads to improved dietary intake in Dutch food bank recipients-effects of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3491-3501. [PMID: 31996978 PMCID: PMC7669798 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Since food banks have a strong influence on recipients’ diets, and seem to have difficulties in supporting healthy diets, improving the dietary quality of food parcels is important. The aim of our study was to assess whether improving the dietary quality of food parcels, using different strategies, can positively impact the actual dietary intake of Dutch food bank recipients. Methods This randomized cross-over controlled trial (Trial ID: ISRCTN40554133) with four intervention conditions [(1) Control (standard food parcel), (2) snacks– (standard food parcel with replacement of unhealthy snacks by staple foods), (3) FV+ (standard food parcel plus the recommended daily amount of fruit and vegetables), (4) snacks– + FV+ (standard food parcel with replacement of unhealthy snacks by staple foods plus the recommended daily amount of fruit and vegetables)] included 163 food bank recipients, from three food banks. At baseline, participants filled in a questionnaire. Dietary intake data were collected through 24-h recalls after both intervention conditions at 4 and 8 weeks follow-up. Primary outcome was daily fruit and vegetable intake, secondary outcomes were daily dietary intakes of food groups and nutrients. Results Multi-level linear regression analysis, using a two-level model, showed a higher mean daily fruit intake in participants in the FV+ condition than in participants in the Control condition (delta (δ): 74 [40.3;107.6] g). Both mean daily fruit and vegetable intake were higher in participants in the Snacks– + FV+ condition than in participants in the Control condition (fruit δ: 81.3 [56.5;106.2] g; vegetables δ: 46.2 [17.5;74.9] g), as well as in the Snacks– condition (fruit δ: 70.0 [38.8;101.1] g; vegetables δ: 62.2 [26.2; 98.2] g). Conclusions This study shows that improving the dietary quality of food parcels can positively impact the dietary intake of Dutch food bank recipients. With this information we can further develop effective strategies that can be easily applied by food banks, to improve dietary intake of food bank recipients.
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Yonezawa T, Momota R, Iwano H, Zhao S, Hakozaki T, Soh C, Sawaki S, Toyama K, Oohashi T. Unripe peach (Prunus persica) extract ameliorates damage from UV irradiation and improved collagen XVIII expression in 3D skin model. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1507-1515. [PMID: 30548159 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Collagen type XVIII regulates cellular activities of adjacent cells at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). To investigate its possible changes during aging, we compared its mRNA levels and protein localization in skin samples from female participants aged 20-70 years old. In addition, we evaluated the beneficial effects of unripe peach extracts in a 3D skin model. METHODS Sun-exposed or sun-protected female skin samples were compared by DNA array or by immunohistochemistry for basement membrane components. To evaluate protective effects of fresh unripe peach extract, UV-B irradiated human 3D skin models were incubated in the presence or absence of the extract, followed by measurements of mRNA levels by real-time PCR, or by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In aged skin samples, COL18A1 mRNA levels were lower and the protein localization exhibited less intensive signal by anti-collagen type XVIII immunostaining. As observed in the skin tissues, collagen type XVIII exists at the DEJ in the 3D skin model. Fresh unripe peach extract significantly improved mRNA levels and partially localizations of collagen type XVIII, suggesting that fresh unripe peach extract ameliorates DEJ damages caused by UV-B irradiation. CONCLUSION Collagen type XVIII and fresh unripe peach extract can be promising protective cosmetic strategies against skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yonezawa
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Momota
- Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Steven Zhao
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | - Toshitaka Oohashi
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Olaya B, Moneta MV, Lara E, Miret M, Martín-María N, Moreno-Agostino D, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Abduljabbar AS, Haro JM. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Potential Moderators Associated with All-Cause Mortality in a Representative Sample of Spanish Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1794. [PMID: 31382535 PMCID: PMC6723290 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to determine the association between levels of fruit and vegetable consumption and time to death, and to explore potential moderators. We analyzed a nationally-representative sample of 1699 older adults aged 65+ who were followed up for a period of 6 years. Participants were classified into low (≤3 servings day), medium (4), or high (≥5) consumption using tertiles. Unadjusted and adjusted cox proportional hazard regression models (by age, gender, cohabiting, education, multimorbidity, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and obesity) were calculated. The majority of participants (65.7%) did not meet the recommendation of five servings per day. High fruit and vegetable intake increased by 27% the probability of surviving among older adults with two chronic conditions, compared to those who consumed ≤3 servings per day (HR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.21-0.69). However, this beneficial effect was not found for people with none, one chronic condition or three or more, indicating that this protective effect might not be sufficient for more severe cases of multimorbidity. Given a common co-occurrence of two non-communicable diseases in the elderly and the low frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in this population, interventions to promote consuming five or more servings per day could have a significant positive impact on reducing mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Olaya
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Carrer Doctor Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Victoria Moneta
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Carrer Doctor Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Lara
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Martín-María
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío Moreno-Agostino
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Ayuso-Mateos
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Calle de Diego de León 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Carrer Doctor Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Calle Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychology Deparment, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Singh JK, Acharya D, Gautam S, Adhikari M, Park JH, Yoo SJ, Lee K. Socio-Demographic and Diet-Related Factors Associated with Insufficient Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adolescent Girls in Rural Communities of Southern Nepal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2145. [PMID: 31213004 PMCID: PMC6617531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sufficient fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption has been associated with reduced risks of chronic diseases and adverse health conditions. However, the determinants of insufficient of FV intake among adolescent girls in Nepal have not been determined. This study was undertaken to identify associations between socio-demographic and diet-related factors with insufficient fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescent girls living in rural communities. This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted on 407 adolescent girls from rural communities in the Bateshwar rural municipality of Dhanusha district, Southern Nepal between 12 October, 2018 and 14 December, 2018. The study subjects responded to FV consumption and dietary factor-related questionnaires, and anthropometric measurements were taken. Data were analyzed using the univariate logistic regression followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported. From the 407 study subjects, 359 (88.2%) reported insufficient FV consumption. The factors significantly associated with insufficient FV consumption were education to under the 10th grade, household income in the first tercile, lack of awareness of the importance of FV consumption, the non-availability of FVs at the household level, the low level of dietary diversity, and undernutrition (BMI (body mass index) (<18.5)). The study shows almost 90% of adolescent girls consumed inadequate amounts of FV and that socio-demographic and dietary factors should be taken into account while designing preventive strategies to increase fruit and vegetable consumption to recommended levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Janaki Medical College, Tribhuvan University, Janakpur 456000, Nepal.
| | - Dilaram Acharya
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi 32907, Nepal.
| | - Salila Gautam
- Department of Public Health, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Butwal, Rupandehi 32907, Nepal.
| | | | - Ji-Hyuk Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.
| | - Seok-Ju Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.
| | - Kwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.
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Fruit and vegetable consumption and its contribution to inequalities in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy in ten European countries. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:861-872. [PMID: 31183533 PMCID: PMC6614160 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess to what extent educational differences in total life expectancy (TLE) and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) could be reduced by improving fruit and vegetable consumption in ten European countries. Methods Data from national census or registries with mortality follow-up, EU-SILC, and ESS were used in two scenarios to calculate the impact: the upward levelling scenario (exposure in low educated equals exposure in high educated) and the elimination scenario (no exposure in both groups). Results are estimated for men and women between ages 35 and 79 years. Results Varying by country, upward levelling reduced inequalities in DFLE by 0.1–1.1 years (1–10%) in males, and by 0.0–1.3 years (0–18%) in females. Eliminating exposure reduced inequalities in DFLE between 0.6 and 1.7 years for males (6–15%), and between 0.1 years and 1.8 years for females (3–20%). Conclusions Upward levelling of fruit and vegetable consumption would have a small, positive effect on both TLE and DFLE, and could potentially reduce inequalities in TLE and DFLE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00038-019-01253-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abstract
The free radical theory of ageing (FRTA), presented by Denham Harman in 1950s, proposed that aerobic organisms age due to reactive oxygen species (ROS)/free radical induced damage that accumulates in cells over time. Since antioxidants can neutralize free radicals by electron donation, the most logical approach was to use them as supplements in order to prevent ageing. In this chapter, we will discuss the inability of antioxidant supplementation to improve health and longevity.Although many antioxidants are efficient free radical quenchers in vitro, their in vivo effects are less clear. Recent evidence from human trials implies that antioxidant supplements do not increase lifespan and can even increase the incidence of diseases. Synthetic antioxidants were unable to consistently prevent ROS-induced damage in vivo, possibly as dietary antioxidants may not act only as ROS scavengers. Antioxidants can have dichotomous roles on ROS production. They are easily oxidized and can act as oxidants to induce damage when present in large concentrations. In appropriate amounts, they can modulate cellular metabolism by induction of cell stress responses and/or activate cell damage repair and maintenance systems. Therefore, the antioxidants' beneficial role may be reversed/prevented by excessive amounts of antioxidant supplements. On the other hand, ROS are also involved in many important physiological processes in humans, such as induction of stress responses, pathogen defence, and systemic signalling. Thus, both "anti-oxidative or reductive stress" (the excess of antioxidants) as well as oxidative stress (the excess of ROS) can be damaging and contribute to the ageing processes.
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Offringa LC, Stanton MV, Hauser ME, Gardner CD. Fruits and Vegetables Versus Vegetables and Fruits: Rhyme and Reason for Word Order in Health Messages. Am J Lifestyle Med 2019; 13:224-234. [PMID: 31105482 PMCID: PMC6506980 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618769605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both vegetable and fruit consumption contribute to wellness and disease prevention. Most dietary health messages promote both together and position the word "fruits" before "vegetables." We examined the word order of the commonly used phrase "fruits and vegetables" through linguistics, psychology, botany, nutrition, health outcomes, and current US intake to determine if the common word order best presents these two foods in health messaging. By comparing the 10 most commonly consumed vegetables versus fruits, we found that vegetables scored higher on the Aggregate Nutrient Density Index and contained fewer calories and more fiber than fruits. Among the "nutrients of public concern" listed in the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, we determined that vegetables are better sources of these nutrients than fruits, although fruits scored higher in antioxidant content. In observational cohort studies, vegetable and fruit consumption was found to be associated with decreased mortality. Finally, daily intakes of both vegetables and fruits are lower than recommended, but the discrepancy is larger for vegetables-especially among children-suggesting a greater imperative to promote vegetables. For these reasons, future health messages promoting both together should intentionally put "vegetables" first to promote intake and emphasize their importance regarding contribution to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C. Offringa
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California (LCO, MEH, CDG)
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences,
California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California (MVS)
| | - Michael V. Stanton
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California (LCO, MEH, CDG)
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences,
California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California (MVS)
| | - Michelle E. Hauser
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California (LCO, MEH, CDG)
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences,
California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California (MVS)
| | - Christopher D. Gardner
- Christopher D. Gardner, PhD, Stanford
Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch
Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5411; e-mail:
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Dulin-Keita A, Quintilliani LM, Buscemi J, Bell BM, Gans KM, Yaroch AL. Society of Behavioral Medicine position statement: increase funding for fruits and vegetables production in The Farm Bill reauthorization. Transl Behav Med 2019; 9:391-394. [PMID: 29669063 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) recommends that Congress increase funding for fruit and vegetable production and intake in The Farm Bill reauthorization. Analysis of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's databases indicates that the availability of fruits and vegetables in the food supply is at half or less than half of what is needed to meet federal dietary recommendations for Americans. Based on the extant literature, SBM supports including funding allocations for fruit and vegetable production, including fruits and vegetables in commodity programs, providing additional insurance subsidies for producing fruits and vegetables, and maintaining or increasing funding for initiatives that promote fruit and vegetable intake. To avoid some of the unintended consequences of increasing support for fruit and vegetable production, new insurance products should be developed in collaboration with groups representing fruit and vegetable producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilah Dulin-Keita
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Joanna Buscemi
- Department of Psychology, Depaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brooke M Bell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kim M Gans
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Amy L Yaroch
- Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition, Omaha, NE, USA
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Japanese diet and survival time: The Ohsaki Cohort 1994 study. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:298-303. [PMID: 30846323 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although it has been suggested that the Japanese diet contributes to the longevity of the Japanese population, no study has examined the association between the Japanese diet and survival time. The present study investigated the association between the Japanese diet and survival time. METHODS We analyzed 20-year follow-up data from a cohort study of 14,764 Japanese men and women aged 40-79 years. At the baseline survey in 1994, we collected dietary information using a validated 40-item food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to a Japanese diet consisting of nine components (rice, miso soup, seaweeds, pickles, green and yellow vegetables, fish, green tea, beef and pork, and coffee) was assessed in terms of a Japanese dietary index (JDI) score, the total score ranging from 0 to 9. Cox proportional hazards model and Laplace regression analysis were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and differences in median age at death (50th percentile differences - PDs in age at death) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to the quartiles of the JDI score. RESULTS During the follow-up period, we documented 4,619 deaths. We observed that a higher JDI score was associated with a lower risk of mortality and longer survival time: In comparison to participants in the lowest JDI score quartile (0-4), the multivariate-adjusted HR (95% CI) of all-cause mortality was 0.91 (0.83-0.99) and the multivariate-adjusted 50th PD in age at death (95% CI) was 10.2 (3.2-17.2) months longer for those in the highest quartile (7-9). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a Japanese diet is associated with a longer survival time.
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Baudet M, Daugareil C, Laulom P, Bouvier C, Hubert J. [Therapeutic education in primary cardiovascular prevention]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2019; 68:49-52. [PMID: 30686470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As primary prevention against cardiovascular diseases, Patient Therapeutic Education helps to develop a protective lifestyle within a socioeconomic context where risk factors abound. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patient Therapeutic Education offers those eager to protect their cardiovascular health a program of six workshops. Upon enrolment, a Program aide conducts an educational diagnosis with the patient, specific to each workshop theme, so that he might understand the clinical, socio-professional, cognitive and psycho-affective dimensions. An evaluation of each workshop is requested from participants in the form of open and closed questions. RESULTS The study comprised 2225people, majority women (79%), relatively old (age 63.9for women, 66.3for men), most often retired (65%). An analysis of the educational diagnosis notes a great frequency of classic risk factors; a good knowledge of the factors favoring them contrasting with the weak means implemented in everyday life to reduce their impact; the great majority of participants (68%) believe they have a well balanced diet; patients are greatly involved in their own health, with a slight external locus involving the general practitioner, the immediate entourage and society. The notes of the evaluation are usually maximum. CONCLUSION Patient Therapeutic Education arouses strong interest in the public, allows a personalized approach that optimizes learning, increases knowledge and facilitates the use of new protective practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baudet
- Maison du cœur, centre hospitalier de Dax Côte d'Argent, 7, rue de Borda, 40300 Dax, France.
| | - C Daugareil
- Maison du cœur, centre hospitalier de Dax Côte d'Argent, 7, rue de Borda, 40300 Dax, France
| | - P Laulom
- Maison du cœur, centre hospitalier de Dax Côte d'Argent, 7, rue de Borda, 40300 Dax, France
| | - C Bouvier
- Maison du cœur, centre hospitalier de Dax Côte d'Argent, 7, rue de Borda, 40300 Dax, France
| | - J Hubert
- Maison du cœur, centre hospitalier de Dax Côte d'Argent, 7, rue de Borda, 40300 Dax, France
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Yaya S, Bishwajit G. Fruit and vegetable consumption among adults in Namibia: analysis of a nationally representative population. Health Promot Perspect 2018; 8:283-289. [PMID: 30479982 PMCID: PMC6249495 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prevalence of F&V consumption in Namibia is not known. In this study we aimed to address this gap by using nationally representative data with the objectives of measuring the prevalence of adequate F&V consumption among adult men and women and their socio demographic determinants. Methods: This study is based on data from Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS2013). Sample population were 14 185 men and women aged between 15 and 49 years.Amount of fruit and vegetable consumption was measured by self-reported frequencies and was defined as adequate (at least 5 servings/day) according to World Health Organization (WHO)guidelines. Results: Overall, only 4.3% (3.8-4.9%) of the men and women reported consuming at least 5 servings of F&V a day, with the percentage being slightly higher among women (4.8%,95% CI=3.7-6.2) compared with men (4.2%, 95% CI=3.6-4.8). In the multivariable analysis,education level and household wealth status appeared to be the only factors associated with adequate F&V intake. Men and women who had primary level education had higher odds of eating at least 5 servings of F&V a day compared with those who had no education. Regarding wealth status, men and women from non-poor households had respectively 2.13 times(OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.01-4.48) and 2.2 times (OR=2.19, 95% CI=1.56-3.38) higher odds of eating at least 5 servings of F&V a day. Conclusion: Only a small proportion of the men and women consumed adequate amount of F&V on daily basis. Having primary level education and non-poor household wealth status were positively associated with adequate amount of F&V intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni Yaya
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ghose Bishwajit
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Osté MCJ, Gomes‐Neto AW, Corpeleijn E, Gans ROB, de Borst MH, van den Berg E, Soedamah‐Muthu SS, Kromhout D, Navis GJ, Bakker SJL. Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and risk of renal function decline and all-cause mortality in renal transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:2523-2533. [PMID: 29464830 PMCID: PMC6175360 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Renal transplant recipients (RTR) are at risk of decline of graft function and premature mortality, with high blood pressure as an important risk factor for both. To study the association of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet with these adverse events, we conducted a prospective cohort study of adult RTR. Dietary data were collected using a validated 177-item food frequency questionnaire and an overall DASH-score was obtained. We included 632 stable RTR (mean ± standard deviation age 53.0 ± 12.7 years, 57% men). Mean DASH score was 23.8 ± 4.7. During median follow-up of 5.3 (interquartile range, 4.1-6.0) years, 119 (18.8%) RTR had renal function decline, defined as a combined endpoint of doubling of serum creatinine and death-censored graft failure, and 128 (20.3%) died. In Cox-regression analyses, RTR in the highest tertile of the DASH score had lower risk of both renal function decline (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.96, P = .03) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.52; 95%CI, 0.32-0.83, P = .006) compared to the lowest tertile, independent of potential confounders. Adherence to a DASH-style diet is associated with lower risk of both renal function decline and all-cause mortality. These results suggest that a healthful diet might benefit long-term outcome in RTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse C. J. Osté
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - António W. Gomes‐Neto
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rijk O. B. Gans
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martin H. de Borst
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Else van den Berg
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sabita S. Soedamah‐Muthu
- Department of Medical and Clinical PsychologyCenter of Research on Psychology in Somatic DiseasesTilburg UniversityTilburgThe Netherlands
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands,Division of Human NutritionWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerjan J. Navis
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of NephrologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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44
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Duthie SJ, Duthie GG, Russell WR, Kyle JAM, Macdiarmid JI, Rungapamestry V, Stephen S, Megias-Baeza C, Kaniewska JJ, Shaw L, Milne L, Bremner D, Ross K, Morrice P, Pirie LP, Horgan G, Bestwick CS. Effect of increasing fruit and vegetable intake by dietary intervention on nutritional biomarkers and attitudes to dietary change: a randomised trial. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:1855-1872. [PMID: 28560503 PMCID: PMC6060837 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low fruit and vegetable consumption is linked with an increased risk of death from vascular disease and cancer. The benefit of eating fruits and vegetables is attributed in part to antioxidants, vitamins and phytochemicals. Whether increasing intake impacts on markers of disease remains to be established. This study investigates whether increasing daily intake of fruits, vegetables and juices from low (approx. 3 portions), to high intakes (approx. 8 portions) impacts on nutritional and clinical biomarkers. Barriers to achieving the recommended fruit and vegetable intakes are also investigated. METHOD In a randomised clinical trial, the participants [19 men and 26 women (39-58 years)] with low reported fruit, juice and vegetable intake (<3 portions/day) were randomised to consume either their usual diet or a diet supplemented with an additional 480 g of fruit and vegetables and fruit juice (300 ml) daily for 12 weeks. Nutritional biomarkers (vitamin C, carotenoids, B vitamins), antioxidant capacity and genomic stability were measured pre-intervention, at 4-, 8- and 12 weeks throughout the intervention. Samples were also taken post-intervention after a 6-week washout period. Glucose, homocysteine, lipids, blood pressure, weight and arterial stiffness were also measured. Intake of fruit, fruit juice and vegetables was reassessed 12 months after conducting the study and a questionnaire was developed to identify barriers to healthy eating. RESULTS Intake increased significantly in the intervention group compared to controls, achieving 8.4 portions/day after 12 weeks. Plasma vitamin C (35%), folate (15%) and certain carotenoids [α-carotene (50%) and β-carotene (70%) and lutein/zeaxanthin (70%)] were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the intervention group. There were no significant changes in antioxidant capacity, DNA damage and markers of vascular health. Barriers to achieving recommended intakes of fruits and vegetables measured 12 months after the intervention period were amount, inconvenience and cost. CONCLUSION While increasing fruit, juice and vegetable consumption increases circulating level of beneficial nutrients in healthy subjects, a 12-week intervention was not associated with effects on antioxidant status or lymphocyte DNA damage. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at Controlled-Trials.com; registration ISRCTN71368072.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Duthie
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK.
| | - Garry G Duthie
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wendy R Russell
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Janet A M Kyle
- Public Health Nutrition Research Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jennie I Macdiarmid
- Public Health Nutrition Research Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Vanessa Rungapamestry
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sylvia Stephen
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cristina Megias-Baeza
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Joanna J Kaniewska
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lindsey Shaw
- Public Health Nutrition Research Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lesley Milne
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Bremner
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Karen Ross
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Philip Morrice
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lynn P Pirie
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Charles S Bestwick
- Natural Products Group, Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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45
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Bodai BI, Nakata TE, Wong WT, Clark DR, Lawenda S, Tsou C, Liu R, Shiue L, Cooper N, Rehbein M, Ha BP, Mckeirnan A, Misquitta R, Vij P, Klonecke A, Mejia CS, Dionysian E, Hashmi S, Greger M, Stoll S, Campbell TM. Lifestyle Medicine: A Brief Review of Its Dramatic Impact on Health and Survival. Perm J 2018; 22:17-025. [PMID: 29035175 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/17-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
By ignoring the root causes of disease and neglecting to prioritize lifestyle measures for prevention, the medical community is placing people at harm. Advanced nations, influenced by a Western lifestyle, are in the midst of a health crisis, resulting largely from poor lifestyle choices. Epidemiologic, ecologic, and interventional studies have repeatedly indicated that most chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and type 2 diabetes, are the result of lifestyles fueled by poor nutrition and physical inactivity.In this article, we describe the practice of lifestyle medicine and its powerful effect on these modern instigators of premature disability and death. We address the economic benefits of prevention-based lifestyle medicine and its effect on our health care system: A system on the verge of bankruptcy. We recommend vital changes to a disastrous course. Many deaths and many causes of pain, suffering, and disability could be circumvented if the medical community could effectively implement and share the power of healthy lifestyle choices. We believe that lifestyle medicine should become the primary approach to the management of chronic conditions and, more importantly, their prevention. For future generations, for our own health, and for the Hippocratic Oath we swore to uphold ("First do no harm"), the medical community must take action. It is our hope that the information presented will inspire our colleagues to pursue lifestyle medicine research and incorporate such practices into their daily care of patients. The time to make this change is now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs I Bodai
- Director of The Breast Cancer Survivorship Institute in Sacramento, CA.
| | - Therese E Nakata
- Program Manager of The Breast Cancer Survivorship Institute in Sacramento, CA.
| | | | - Dawn R Clark
- Chief Facilitator of the Physician Wellness Program and an Obstetrician/Gynecologist at the San Dimas-Baldwin Park Medical Center in San Dimas, CA.
| | - Steven Lawenda
- Internist at the Antelope Valley Medical Center in Lancaster, CA.
| | | | - Raymond Liu
- Chief of Hematology-Oncology at the San Francisco Medical Center in CA.
| | - Linda Shiue
- Internist and the Director of Culinary Medicine at the San Francisco Medical Center in CA.
| | - Neil Cooper
- Radiologist at the Glenlake Medical Center in Atlanta, GA.
| | - Michael Rehbein
- Pediatrician and Assistant Physician-in-Charge for Outpatient Service at the Stockton Medical Office in CA.
| | - Benjamin P Ha
- Associate Area Medical Director for Family Medicine at the Bakersfield Medical Center in CA.
| | - Anne Mckeirnan
- Obstetrician/Gynecologist at the San Diego Medical Center in CA.
| | - Rajiv Misquitta
- Primary Care Physician at the South Sacramento Medical Center in CA. He is also an Elected Representative on The Permanente Medical Group Board of Directors.
| | - Pankaj Vij
- Medical Director of the Kaiser Permanente Weight Management Program in Pleasanton, CA.
| | - Andrew Klonecke
- Nuclear Medicine Specialist at the Sacramento Medical Center and at the Roseville Medical Center in CA.
| | | | - Emil Dionysian
- Orthopedic Surgeon at the Lakeview Medical Offices and at the Orange County Medical Center in Anaheim, CA.
| | - Sean Hashmi
- Internist at the Woodland Hills Medical Center in CA.
| | - Michael Greger
- Physician and Founder of NutritionFacts.org in Kensington, MD.
| | - Scott Stoll
- Co-Founder and Chairman of the Plantrician Project in Rieglesville, PA.
| | - Thomas M Campbell
- Instructor of Clinical Family Medicine at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and the Co-Founder and Clinical Director of the University of Rochester Program for Nutrition in Medicine in NY.
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46
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Depletion and repletion of fruit and vegetable intake alters serum bone turnover markers: a 28-week single-arm experimental feeding intervention. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:500-507. [PMID: 30022739 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of elevated fruit and vegetable intake on bone turnover markers. In all, twenty-nine subjects (nine male and twenty female, with a mean age of 32·1 (sem 2·5) years) participated in a 28-week single-arm experimental feeding intervention trial and consumed a prescribed low-fruit and vegetable diet for 6 weeks (depletion-1), a provided high-fruit and vegetable diet for 8 weeks (fruit: 360-560 g; vegetables: 450-705 g), another prescribed low-fruit and vegetable diet for 6 weeks (depletion-2) and then their usual diets for 8 weeks (repletion). Serum bone-related biomarkers were analysed with commercial ELISA kits. Plasma carotenoid levels decreased as a result of the depletion phase and increased with the high-fruit and vegetable diet. Compared with the baseline, depletion-1 resulted in higher serum bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) and lower bone formation marker alkaline phosphatase (BAP) (CTX, 0·68 (sem 0·05) v. 0·97 (sem 0·08) ng/ml and BAP, 10·7 (sem 0·7) v. 9·5 (sem 0·8) µg/l for the baseline and the depletion-1, respectively, P<0·05). High intake of fruit and vegetables decreased serum CTX (P<0·05) to 0·60 (sem 0·04) ng/ml and increased serum BAP to 11·3 (sem 0·7) µg/l (P<0·05), compared with the depletion-1 phase. Serum concentrations of CTX were inversely correlated and those of BAP were positively correlated with blood lycopene. These data show that increased fruit and vegetable consumption at or above federal dietary guidance may be beneficial to bone health.
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47
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Park S, Rim SJ, Lee JH. Associations between dietary behaviours and perceived physical and mental health status among Korean adolescents. Nutr Diet 2018; 75:488-493. [PMID: 29978549 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the associations between a wide range of dietary behaviours and self-reported physical and mental health status in a representative sample of Korean adolescents. METHODS Data from the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behaviour Web-based Survey were used. Participants were middle- and high-school students (n = 65 528) in grades 7-12. Participants' dietary behaviours were assessed using questionnaires on three encouraged dietary behaviours (consumption of fruits, vegetables, and milk) and three discouraged behaviours (skipping breakfast and consumption of fast food and soft drinks). Participants were also asked to rate their perceived general and oral health, happiness, sleep satisfaction, stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation. RESULTS After adjusting for sex, school grade, residential area, socioeconomic status, and other dietary behaviours, a high intake of fast food and soft drink and frequent skipping of breakfast were all associated with worse physical and mental health status. Moreover, a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and milk were associated with better perceived general health, oral health, happiness, and sleep satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that existing encouraged dietary habits mostly have beneficial effects on perceived physical and mental health in Korean adolescents. However, the cross-sectional study design prevents our ability to assess causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Park
- Mental Health Research Institute, National Centre for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo J Rim
- Mental Health Research Institute, National Centre for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junghyun H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, National Centre for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
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48
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Michaëlsson K, Wolk A, Lemming EW, Melhus H, Byberg L. Intake of Milk or Fermented Milk Combined With Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Relation to Hip Fracture Rates: A Cohort Study of Swedish Women. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:449-457. [PMID: 29083056 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Milk products may differ in pro-oxidant properties and their effects on fracture risk could potentially be modified by the intake of foods with antioxidant activity. In the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort study, we aimed to determine how milk and fermented milk combined with fruit and vegetable consumption are associated with hip fracture. Women born in 1914-1948 (n = 61,240) answered food frequency and lifestyle questionnaires in 1987-1990 and 38,071 women contributed with updated information in 1997. During a mean follow-up of 22 years, 5827 women had a hip fracture (ascertained via official register data). Compared with a low intake of milk (<1 glass/day) and a high intake of fruits and vegetables (≥5 servings/day), a high intake of milk (≥3 glasses/day) with a concomitant low intake of fruits and vegetables (<2 servings/day) resulted in a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.49 (95% CI, 2.03 to 3.05). This higher hip fracture rate among high consumers of milk was only modestly attenuated with a concomitant high consumption of fruit and vegetables (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.69 to 2.71). The combination of fruits and vegetables with fermented milk (yogurt or soured milk) yielded a different pattern with lowest rates of hip fracture in high consumers: HR, 0.81 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.97) for ≥2 servings/day of fermented milk and ≥5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables compared with low consumption of both fruit and vegetables and fermented milk. We conclude that the amount and type of dairy products as well as fruit and vegetable intake are differentially associated with hip fracture rates in women. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Warensjö Lemming
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Melhus
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liisa Byberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Orthopedics, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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49
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Aida J, Cable N, Zaninotto P, Tsuboya T, Tsakos G, Matsuyama Y, Ito K, Osaka K, Kondo K, Marmot MG, Watt RG. Social and Behavioural Determinants of the Difference in Survival among Older Adults in Japan and England. Gerontology 2018; 64:266-277. [PMID: 29346791 DOI: 10.1159/000485797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapidly ageing population presents major challenges to health and social care services. Cross-country comparative studies on survival among older adults are limited. In addition, Japan, the country with the longest life expectancy, is rarely included in these cross-country comparisons. OBJECTIVE We examined the relative contributions of social and behavioural factors on the differences in survival among older people in Japan and England. METHODS We used data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES; n = 13,176) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA; n = 5,551) to analyse all-cause mortality up to 9.4 years from the baseline. Applying Laplace regression models, the 15th survival percentile difference was estimated. RESULTS During the follow-up, 31.3% of women and 38.6% of men in the ELSA died, whereas 19.3% of women and 31.3% of men in the JAGES died. After adjusting for age and baseline health status, JAGES participants had longer survival than ELSA participants by 318.8 days for women and by 131.6 days for men. Family-based social relationships contributed to 105.4 days longer survival in JAGES than ELSA men. Fewer friendship-based social relationships shortened the JAGES men's survival by 45.4 days compared to ELSA men. Currently not being a smoker contributed to longer survival for JAGES women (197.7 days) and ELSA men (46.6 days), and having lower BMI reduced the survival of JAGES participants by 129.0 days for women and by 212.2 days for men. CONCLUSION Compared to participants in England, Japanese older people lived longer mainly because of non-smoking for women and family-based social relationships for men. In contrast, a lower rate of underweight, men's better friendship-based social relationships, and a lower smoking rate contributed to survival among participants in England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Aida
- Center for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Cable
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Zaninotto
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Toru Tsuboya
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Georgios Tsakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuke Matsuyama
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kanade Ito
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya, Japan
| | - Ken Osaka
- Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Michael G Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Watt
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Nogueira Bezerra I, de Carvalho Gurgel AO, Bastos Barbosa RG, Bezerra da Silva Junior G. Dietary Behaviors among Young and Older Adults in Brazil. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:575-580. [PMID: 29717756 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-017-0978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe healthy and unhealthy dietary behaviors among young and older Brazilian adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the Brazilian National Health Survey 2013/2014, conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). SETTINGS Brazil. PARTICIPANTS 59,402 Brazilian adults (18 years or over), representative of the whole community-dwelling Brazilian adult population. MEASUREMENTS Frequency of regular (5 days/week or more) consumption of food considered of a healthy diet (fruit, vegetables, greens, cooked vegetables, beans, milk, chicken, fish) and unhealthy diet (red meat, soda and sweets, meal replacement for fast food and high salt consumption) was investigated. Differences among young adults (18-39 years), middle-aged adults (40-59 years) and older adults (60+ years) were assessed through 95% confidence intervals and logistic regression models with contrast function, considering the complexity of the sample and the sample weight of the research. RESULTS Less than half of the population reported consuming fruit regularly (41.3%, 95% CI = 40.5 - 42.2) and only one quarter reported consuming vegetables regularly (25.4%, 95% CI = 24.7 - 26.1). Regular consumption of soft drinks was cited by 26.6% (95% CI = 25.5 - 27.6) for men and 20.6% (95% CI = 19.8 - 21.4) for women. Young adults presented, in general, lower frequency of regular consumption of healthy food and higher frequency of unhealthy food when compared to middle-aged and the older adults. CONCLUSION Current dietary behaviors adopted by the Brazilian population is characterized by a high prevalence of inadequate food intake, mainly among young adults calling the attention to the necessity for age-specific public health interventions.
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