1
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Horeau M, Navasiolava N, Van Ombergen A, Custaud MA, Robin A, Ropert M, Antunes I, Bareille MP, Billette De Villemeur R, Gauquelin-Koch G, Derbré F, Loréal O. Dry immersion rapidly disturbs iron metabolism in men and women: results from the VIVALDI studies. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:68. [PMID: 38879550 PMCID: PMC11180090 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for cell respiration, muscle metabolism, and oxygen transport. Recent research has shown that simulated microgravity rapidly affects iron metabolism in men. However, its impact on women remains unclear. This study aims to compare iron metabolism alterations in both sexes exposed to 5 days of dry immersion. Our findings demonstrate that women, similarly to men, experience increased systemic iron availability and elevated serum hepcidin levels, indicative of iron misdistribution after short-term exposure to simulated microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Horeau
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 Platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) institute, Rennes, France
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Nastassia Navasiolava
- Univ Angers, CRC, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CARME, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | | | - Marc-Antoine Custaud
- Univ Angers, CRC, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CARME, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Adrien Robin
- Univ Angers, CRC, CHU Angers, Inserm, CNRS, MITOVASC, Equipe CARME, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Martine Ropert
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 Platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) institute, Rennes, France
| | - Inês Antunes
- Telespazio Belgium S.R.L. for the European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 Platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) institute, Rennes, France.
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2
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Overbey EG, Ryon K, Kim J, Tierney BT, Klotz R, Ortiz V, Mullane S, Schmidt JC, MacKay M, Damle N, Najjar D, Matei I, Patras L, Garcia Medina JS, Kleinman AS, Wain Hirschberg J, Proszynski J, Narayanan SA, Schmidt CM, Afshin EE, Innes L, Saldarriaga MM, Schmidt MA, Granstein RD, Shirah B, Yu M, Lyden D, Mateus J, Mason CE. Collection of biospecimens from the inspiration4 mission establishes the standards for the space omics and medical atlas (SOMA). Nat Commun 2024; 15:4964. [PMID: 38862509 PMCID: PMC11166662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission provided a unique opportunity to study the impact of spaceflight on the human body. Biospecimen samples were collected from four crew members longitudinally before (Launch: L-92, L-44, L-3 days), during (Flight Day: FD1, FD2, FD3), and after (Return: R + 1, R + 45, R + 82, R + 194 days) spaceflight, spanning a total of 289 days across 2021-2022. The collection process included venous whole blood, capillary dried blood spot cards, saliva, urine, stool, body swabs, capsule swabs, SpaceX Dragon capsule HEPA filter, and skin biopsies. Venous whole blood was further processed to obtain aliquots of serum, plasma, extracellular vesicles and particles, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In total, 2,911 sample aliquots were shipped to our central lab at Weill Cornell Medicine for downstream assays and biobanking. This paper provides an overview of the extensive biospecimen collection and highlights their processing procedures and long-term biobanking techniques, facilitating future molecular tests and evaluations.As such, this study details a robust framework for obtaining and preserving high-quality human, microbial, and environmental samples for aerospace medicine in the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) initiative, which can aid future human spaceflight and space biology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliah G Overbey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- BioAstra, Inc, New York, NY, USA
- Center for STEM, University of Austin, Austin, TX, 78701, USA
| | - Krista Ryon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Braden T Tierney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Remi Klotz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Veronica Ortiz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean Mullane
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Julian C Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namita Damle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deena Najjar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Laura Patras
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - J Sebastian Garcia Medina
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley S Kleinman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Wain Hirschberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Proszynski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Anand Narayanan
- Florida State University, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Caleb M Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Systems Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Evan E Afshin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucinda Innes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael A Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Bader Shirah
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jaime Mateus
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- BioAstra, Inc, New York, NY, USA.
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
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3
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Zhang H, Yang F, Cao Z, Xu Y, Wang M. The influence of iron on bone metabolism disorders. Osteoporos Int 2024; 35:243-253. [PMID: 37857915 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-023-06937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a necessary trace element in the human body, and it participates in many physiological processes. Disorders of iron metabolism can cause lesions in many tissues and organs, including bone. Recently, iron has gained attention as an independent factor influencing bone metabolism disorders, especially the involvement of iron overload in osteoporosis. The aim of this review was to summarize the findings from clinical and animal model research regarding the involvement of iron in bone metabolism disorders and to elucidate the mechanisms behind iron overload and osteoporosis. Lastly, we aimed to describe the association between bone loss and iron overload. We believe that a reduction in iron accumulation can be used as an alternative treatment to assist in the treatment of osteoporosis, to improve bone mass, and to improve the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Zihou Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Murui Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China.
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4
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Izzo LG, El Nakhel C, Rouphael Y, Proietti S, Paglialunga G, Moscatello S, Battistelli A, Iovane M, Romano LE, De Pascale S, Aronne G. Applying productivity and phytonutrient profile criteria in modelling species selection of microgreens as Space crops for astronaut consumption. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1210566. [PMID: 37636122 PMCID: PMC10450622 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1210566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Long-duration missions in outer Space will require technologies to regenerate environmental resources such as air and water and to produce food while recycling consumables and waste. Plants are considered the most promising biological regenerators to accomplish these functions, due to their complementary relationship with humans. Plant cultivation for Space starts with small plant growth units to produce fresh food to supplement stowed food for astronauts' onboard spacecrafts and orbital platforms. The choice of crops must be based on limiting factors such as time, energy, and volume. Consequently, small, fast-growing crops are needed to grow in microgravity and to provide astronauts with fresh food rich in functional compounds. Microgreens are functional food crops recently valued for their color and flavor enhancing properties, their rich phytonutrient content and short production cycle. Candidate species of microgreens to be harvested and eaten fresh by crew members, belong to the families Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Amarillydaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Cucurbitaceae. Methods In this study we developed and applied an algorithm to objectively compare numerous genotypes of microgreens intending to select those with the best productivity and phytonutrient profile for cultivation in Space. The selection process consisted of two subsequent phases. The first selection was based on literature data including 39 genotypes and 25 parameters related to growth, phytonutrients (e.g., tocopherol, phylloquinone, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, lutein, carotenoids, violaxanthin), and mineral elements. Parameters were implemented in a mathematical model with prioritization criteria to generate a ranking list of microgreens. The second phase was based on germination and cultivation tests specifically designed for this study and performed on the six top species resulting from the first ranking list. For the second selection, experimental data on phytonutrients were expressed as metabolite production per day per square meter. Results and discussion In the final ranking list radish and savoy cabbage resulted with the highest scores based on their productivity and phytonutrient profile. Overall, the algorithm with prioritization criteria allowed us to objectively compare candidate species and obtain a ranking list based on the combination of numerous parameters measured in the different species. This method can be also adapted to new species, parameters, or re-prioritizing the parameters for specific selection purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gennaro Izzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe El Nakhel
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Simona Proietti
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Porano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Paglialunga
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Porano, Italy
| | - Stefano Moscatello
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Porano, Italy
| | - Alberto Battistelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Porano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Iovane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Leone Ermes Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Giovanna Aronne
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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5
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Li GF, Gao Y, Weinberg ED, Huang X, Xu YJ. Role of Iron Accumulation in Osteoporosis and the Underlying Mechanisms. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:647-654. [PMID: 37326889 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is prevalent in postmenopausal women. The underlying reason is mainly estrogen deficiency, but recent studies have indicated that osteoporosis is also associated with iron accumulation after menopause. It has been confirmed that some methods of decreasing iron accumulation can improve the abnormal bone metabolism associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the mechanism of iron accumulation-induced osteoporosis is still unclear. Iron accumulation may inhibit the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via oxidative stress, leading to osteoporosis by decreasing bone formation and increasing bone resorption via the osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK) system. In addition to oxidative stress, iron accumulation also has been reported to inhibit either osteoblastogenesis or osteoblastic function as well as to stimulate either osteoclastogenesis or osteoclastic function directly. Furthermore, serum ferritin has been widely used for the prediction of bone status, and nontraumatic measurement of iron content by magnetic resonance imaging may be a promising early indicator of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Fei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 2015004, China
- Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 2015004, China
- Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - E D Weinberg
- Department of Biology & Program in Medical Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University, School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - You-Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 2015004, China.
- Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
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6
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Overbey EG, Ryon K, Kim J, Tierney B, Klotz R, Ortiz V, Mullane S, Schmidt JC, MacKay M, Damle N, Najjar D, Matei I, Patras L, Medina JSG, Kleinman A, Hirschberg JW, Proszynski J, Narayanan SA, Schmidt CM, Afshin EE, Innes L, Saldarriaga MM, Schmidt MA, Granstein RD, Shirah B, Yu M, Lyden D, Mateus J, Mason CE. Collection of Biospecimens from the Inspiration4 Mission Establishes the Standards for the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.02.539108. [PMID: 37205403 PMCID: PMC10187258 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The SpaceX Inspiration4 mission provided a unique opportunity to study the impact of spaceflight on the human body. Biospecimen samples were collected from the crew at different stages of the mission, including before (L-92, L-44, L-3 days), during (FD1, FD2, FD3), and after (R+1, R+45, R+82, R+194 days) spaceflight, creating a longitudinal sample set. The collection process included samples such as venous blood, capillary dried blood spot cards, saliva, urine, stool, body swabs, capsule swabs, SpaceX Dragon capsule HEPA filter, and skin biopsies, which were processed to obtain aliquots of serum, plasma, extracellular vesicles, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. All samples were then processed in clinical and research laboratories for optimal isolation and testing of DNA, RNA, proteins, metabolites, and other biomolecules. This paper describes the complete set of collected biospecimens, their processing steps, and long-term biobanking methods, which enable future molecular assays and testing. As such, this study details a robust framework for obtaining and preserving high-quality human, microbial, and environmental samples for aerospace medicine in the Space Omics and Medical Atlas (SOMA) initiative, which can also aid future experiments in human spaceflight and space biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliah G. Overbey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- BioAstra, Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista Ryon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - JangKeun Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Braden Tierney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Remi Klotz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veronica Ortiz
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean Mullane
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Julian C. Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew MacKay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Namita Damle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deena Najjar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laura Patras
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Ashley Kleinman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Wain Hirschberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Proszynski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Caleb M. Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Systems Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Evan E. Afshin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucinda Innes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael A. Schmidt
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Human Performance Group, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Bader Shirah
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children’s Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jaime Mateus
- Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA, USA
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- BioAstra, Inc, New York, NY, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY 10021, USA
- WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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7
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Douglas GL, DeKerlegand D, Dlouhy H, Dumont-Leblond N, Fields E, Heer M, Krieger S, Mehta S, Rooney BV, Torralba MG, Whiting SE, Crucian B, Lorenzi H, Smith SM, Young M, Zwart SR. Impact of diet on human nutrition, immune response, gut microbiome, and cognition in an isolated and confined mission environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20847. [PMID: 36522361 PMCID: PMC9755260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-duration spaceflight impacts human physiology, including well documented immune system dysregulation. The space food system has the potential to serve as a countermeasure to maladaptive physiological changes during spaceflight. However, the relationship between dietary requirements, the food system, and spaceflight adaptation requires further investigation to adequately define countermeasures and prioritize resources on future spaceflight missions. We evaluated the impact of an enhanced spaceflight diet, with increased quantity and variety of fruits, vegetables, fish, and other foods rich in flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids, compared to a standard spaceflight diet on multiple health and performance outcomes in 16 subjects over four 45-day closed chamber missions in the NASA Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA). Subjects consuming the enhanced spaceflight diet had lower cholesterol levels, lower stress (i.e. cortisol levels), better cognitive speed, accuracy, and attention, and a more stable microbiome and metatranscriptome than subjects consuming the standard diet. Although no substantial changes were observed in the immune response, there were also no immune challenges, such as illness or infection, so the full benefits of the diet may not have been apparent in these analog missions. These results indicate that a spaceflight diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids produces significant health and performance benefits even over short durations. Further investigation is required to fully develop dietary countermeasures to physiological decrements observed during spaceflight. These results will have implications for food resource prioritization on spaceflight missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L. Douglas
- grid.419085.10000 0004 0613 2864Human Health and Performance Directorate (SF4), NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | | | - Holly Dlouhy
- grid.481680.30000 0004 0634 8729KBR, Houston, TX USA
| | - Nathan Dumont-Leblond
- grid.421142.00000 0000 8521 1798Centre de Recherche de L’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie Et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC Canada
| | | | - Martina Heer
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300IU International University of Applied Sciences and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian Crucian
- grid.419085.10000 0004 0613 2864Human Health and Performance Directorate (SF4), NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - Hernan Lorenzi
- grid.469946.0J Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Scott M. Smith
- grid.419085.10000 0004 0613 2864Human Health and Performance Directorate (SF4), NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - Millennia Young
- grid.419085.10000 0004 0613 2864Human Health and Performance Directorate (SF4), NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058 USA
| | - Sara R. Zwart
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
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8
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He Y, Kong Y, Yin R, Yang H, Zhang J, Wang H, Gao Y. Remarkable Plasticity of Bone Iron Homeostasis in Hibernating Daurian Ground Squirrels ( Spermophilus dauricus) May Be Involved in Bone Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415858. [PMID: 36555500 PMCID: PMC9779590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron overload is an independent risk factor for disuse osteoporosis. Hibernating animals are natural models of anti-disuse osteoporosis; however, whether iron metabolism is involved in bone adaptation and maintenance during hibernation is unclear. To investigate this question, Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) (n = 5-6/group) were used to study changes in bone iron metabolism and its possible role in anti-disuse osteoporosis during hibernation. Iron content in the femur and liver first decreased in the torpor group (vs. summer group, -66.8% and -25.8%, respectively), then recovered in the post-hibernation group, suggesting remarkable plasticity of bone iron content. The expression of ferritin in the femur and hepcidin in the liver also initially decreased in the torpor group (vs. summer group, -28.5% and -38.8%, respectively), then increased in the inter-bout arousal (vs. torpor group, 126.2% and 58.4%, respectively) and post-hibernation groups (vs. torpor group, 153.1% and 27.1%, respectively). In conclusion, bone iron metabolism in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels showed remarkable plasticity, which may be a potential mechanism to avoid disuse bone loss during extended periods of inactivity. However, the specific location of iron during low-iron hibernation and the source of iron in post-hibernation recovery need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Rongrong Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Huajian Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Correspondence:
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9
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Yang J, Tang Q, Zeng Y. Melatonin: Potential avenue for treating iron overload disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101717. [PMID: 35961513 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron overload as a highly risk factor, can be found in almost all human chronic and common diseases. Iron chelators are often used to treat iron overload; however, patient adherence to these chelators is poor due to obvious side effects and other disadvantages. Numerous studies have shown that melatonin has a high iron chelation ability and direct free radical scavenging activity, and can inhibit the lipid peroxidation process caused by iron overload. Therefore, melatonin may become potential complementary therapy for iron overload-related disorders due to its iron chelating and antioxidant activities. Here, the research progress of iron overload is reviewed and the therapeutic potential of melatonin in the treatment of iron overload is analyzed. In addition, studies related to the protective effects of melatonin on oxidative damage induced by iron overload are discussed. This review provides a foundation for preventing and treating iron homeostasis disorders with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinghua Tang
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuhong Zeng
- Department of Osteoporosis, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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10
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Associations between Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and the Changes in Bone Mass in Chinese Adolescents: A 2.5-Year Longitudinal Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194187. [PMID: 36235841 PMCID: PMC9571341 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Optimal bone mass accumulation during adolescence is crucial for maximising peak bone mass during adulthood. Dietary antioxidant vitamins may contribute to bone mass accumulation. This 2.5-year-long longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the relationships between dietary vitamin A, C, and E intakes and the annual changes in bone parameters among Chinese adolescents. (2) Method: Subjects aged 10-18 years (n = 1418) were recruited from a secondary school in Jiangmen, China. Dietary vitamin A, C, and E intakes were assessed using 24 h dietary records over 3 consecutive days. The Sahara Clinical Bone Sonometer was used to measure the broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and the speed of sound (SOS). Their annual changes were then calculated (i.e., BUA%/year, SOS%/year). The associations were detected after adjusting for the baseline bone phenotype; age; sex; weight; height; pubertal stage; physical activity; and dietary intakes of vitamin D, calcium and energy. (3) Results: A curvilinear relationship was found between the dietary intake of vitamin C and BUA%/year (p = 0.026); further analyses in the subgroups revealed that this relationship was observed in male adolescents (p = 0.012). A positive association was observed only in boys with a dietary vitamin C intake of ≥159.01 mg/day (β = 0.395, p = 0.036). Moreover, a linear positive association was shown between the dietary intake of vitamin E and BUA%/year in female adolescents (β = 0.082, p = 0.033). (4) Conclusion: Our findings indicated that dietary vitamin C intake has a threshold effect on bone mass gain in male adolescents and that dietary vitamin E intake could be a positive predictor of bone mass gain in female adolescents.
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11
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Zong B, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang P, Kan G, Li M, Feng J, Wang Y, Chen X, Jin R, Ge Q. Effects of long-term simulated microgravity on liver metabolism in rhesus macaques. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22536. [PMID: 36070186 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200544rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an essential multifunctional organ and constantly communicates with nearly all the tissues in the body. Spaceflight or simulated microgravity has a significant impact on the livers of rodent models, including lipid accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Whether similar liver lipotoxicity could occur in humans is not known, even though altered circulating cholesterol profile has been reported in astronauts. Using a 42-day head-down bed rest (HDBR) model in rhesus macaques, the present study investigated whether simulated microgravity alters the liver of non-human primates at the transcriptome and metabolome levels. Its association with stress and intestinal changes was also explored. Compared to the controls, the HDBR monkeys showed mild liver injury, elevated ANGPTL3 level in the plasma, and accumulation of fat vacuoles and inflammatory cells in the liver. Altered transcriptome signatures with up-regulation of genes in lipid metabolisms and down-regulation of genes in innate immune defense were also found in HDBR group-derived liver samples. The metabolic profiling of the liver revealed mildly disturbed fatty acid metabolism in the liver of HDBR monkeys. The intestinal dysbiosis, its associated endotoxemia and changes in the composition of bile acids, and elevated stress hormone in HDBR monkeys may contribute to the altered lipid metabolisms in the liver. These data indicate that liver metabolic functions and gut-liver axis should be closely monitored in prolonged spaceflight to facilitate strategy design to improve and maintain metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zong
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Immunology Research Center, Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, Chinese Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Ge
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Horeau M, Ropert M, Mulder E, Tank J, Frings-Meuthen P, Armbrecht G, Loréal O, Derbré F. Iron Metabolism Regulation in Females and Males Exposed to Simulated Microgravity: results from the Randomized Trial AGBRESA. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1430-1440. [PMID: 36026525 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron metabolism imbalance could contribute to physical deconditioning experienced by astronauts due to its essential role in energy metabolism, cellular respiration, and oxygen transport. OBJECTIVES In this clinical exploratory study, we wanted to determine whether artificial gravity (AG) training modulated iron metabolism, red blood cell indices, and body lean mass in male and female healthy participants exposed to head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest, the reference ground-based model of microgravity. METHODS We recruited 8 female and 16 male healthy participants who were all exposed to HDT bed rest for 60 days. In addition, they were assigned to three experimental groups (n = 8/each): controls, continuous AG training in a short-arm centrifuge (1×30 min/day), and intermittent AG training (6 × 5 min/day). RESULTS The iron metabolism responses to simulated microgravity of AG training groups do not significantly differ from the responses of controls. Independently from AG, we found that both serum iron (+31.3%, P = 0.027) and transferrin saturation levels (+28.4%, P = 0.009) increased in males after 6 days of HDT bed rest, as well as serum hepcidin levels (+36.9% P = 0.005). The increase of transferrin saturation levels persisted after 57 days of HDT bed rest (+13.5%, P = 0.026), suggesting that long-term exposure to microgravity sustainably increases serum iron availability in males, and consequently the risk of iron excess or misdistribution. In females, 6 and 57 days of HDT bed rest did not significantly change serum iron, transferrin saturation, and hepcidin levels. CONCLUSIONS The data from this exploratory study suggest that 1) AG training does not influence the iron metabolism responses to microgravity; 2) iron metabolism parameters, especially iron availability for cells, are significantly increased in males, but not in females, exposed to long-term simulated microgravity. Due to the small sample size of females, we nevertheless must be cautious before concluding that iron metabolism could differently respond to microgravity in females. Clinical trial registry number: DRKS00015677.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Horeau
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France.,INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) institute, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Ropert
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) institute, Rennes, France.,Department of Biochemistry, CHU Rennes, France
| | - Edwin Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Tank
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele Armbrecht
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Radiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) institute, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France
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13
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Zwart SR, Auñón-Chancellor SM, Heer M, Melin MM, Smith SM. Albumin, Oral Contraceptives, and Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Astronauts. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1232-1239. [PMID: 35389755 PMCID: PMC9126217 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00024.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A venous thromboembolism (VTE) event occurred in a female astronaut during long-duration spaceflight. Multiple factors may have contributed to this risk, including the use of combined (progestin + estrogen) oral contraceptives (cOC). METHODS Biochemistry data from 65 astronauts were evaluated for associations with cOC use and with sex. RESULTS The female astronauts who used cOCs had lower concentrations of serum albumin and higher concentrations of transferrin, a protein involved in the clotting cascade, than the male astronauts and the female astronauts who were not taking cOCs (P<0.001). The women who used cOCs had higher serum concentrations of the acute phase reactant ceruloplasmin during flight and cortisol (P<0.001) than the men and the women who were not taking cOCs; they also had higher calculated whole blood viscosity than women not taking cOCs (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lower circulating concentrations of albumin, higher concentrations of transferrin, and elevated markers of inflammation all could contribute to an increased risk of VTE during spaceflight. These changes, in association with a higher blood viscosity can directly affect endothelial glycocalyx integrity and hypercoagulability status, both of which contribute to VTE risk in terrestrial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Zwart
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Serena M Auñón-Chancellor
- LSU Health New Orleans School of Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.,NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Martina Heer
- IU International University of Applied Sciences and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Mark Melin
- M Health Fairview (University of Minnesota Physicians), Edina, MN, United States
| | - Scott M Smith
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
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14
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Watkins P, Hughes J, Gamage TV, Knoerzer K, Ferlazzo ML, Banati RB. Long term food stability for extended space missions: a review. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 32:79-95. [PMID: 35065765 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
At present, human spaceflight is confined to low Earth orbit but, in future, will again go to the Moon and, beyond, to Mars. The provision of food during these extended missions will need to meet the special nutritional and psychosocial needs of the crew. Terrestrially grown and processed food products, currently provided for consumption by astronauts/cosmonauts, have not yet been systematically optimised to maintain their nutritional integrity and reach the shelf-life necessary for extended space voyages. Notably, space food provisions for Mars exploration will be subject to extended exposure to galactic cosmic radiation and solar particle events, the impact of which is not fully understood. In this review, we provide a summary of the existing knowledge about current space food products, the impact of radiation and storage on food composition, the identification of radiolytic biomarkers and identify gaps in our knowledge that are specific in relation to the effect of the cosmic radiation on food in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Watkins
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia; CSIRO, Space Technology Future Science Platform, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia.
| | - Joanne Hughes
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Qld 4108, Australia; CSIRO, Space Technology Future Science Platform, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Thambaramala V Gamage
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia; CSIRO, Space Technology Future Science Platform, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Kai Knoerzer
- CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia; CSIRO, Space Technology Future Science Platform, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - Mélanie L Ferlazzo
- ANSTO, Human Health (Space Health Program), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia; Inserm, U1296 unit, Radiation: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Richard B Banati
- ANSTO, Human Health (Space Health Program), New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
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15
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Che J, Ren W, Chen X, Wang F, Zhang G, Shang P. PTH 1-34 promoted bone formation by regulating iron metabolism in unloading-induced bone loss. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1048818. [PMID: 36818465 PMCID: PMC9933505 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1048818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PTH 1-34 (teriparatide) is approved by FDA for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Iron overload is a major contributing factor for bone loss induced by unloading. Whether iron metabolism is involved in the regulation of PTH 1-34 on unloading-induced osteoporosis has not yet been reported. Here, we found that PTH 1-34 attenuated bone loss in unloading mice. PTH 1-34 regulated the disturbance of iron metabolism in unloading mice by activating Nrf2 and further promoting hepcidin expression in the liver. In addition, the Nrf2 inhibitor selectively blocked hepcidin expression in the liver of unloading mice, which neutralized the inhibitory effect of PTH 1-34 on bone loss and the recovery of iron metabolism in unloading mice. Finally, we found that PTH 1-34 promoted the differentiation and inhibited apoptosis of osteoblasts by regulating iron metabolism and maintaining redox balance under unloading conditions. Our results suggested that PTH 1-34 promoted bone formation by regulating iron metabolism under unloading conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Che
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Weihao Ren
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Shang,
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16
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Abstract
History books are rife with examples of the role of nutrition in determining either the success or the failure of human exploration on Earth. With planetary exploration in our future, it is imperative that we understand the role of nutrition in optimizing health before humans can safely take the next giant leaps in space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Smith
- Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sara R Zwart
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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17
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Abstract
➤ Oxidative stress has been implicated as a causative factor in many disease states, possibly including the diminished bone mineral density in osteoporosis. ➤ Understanding the effects of oxidative stress on the development of osteoporosis may lead to further research improving preventative and therapeutic measures that can combat this important contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. ➤ A diet rich in whole plant foods with high antioxidant content along with antioxidant-preserving lifestyle changes may improve bone mineral density and reduce the risk of fragility-related fractures. While it is not explicitly clear if antioxidant activity is the effector of this change, the current evidence supports this possibility. ➤ Supplementation with isolated antioxidants may also provide some osteoprotective benefits, but whole plant food-derived antioxidants potentially have more overall benefits. Larger-scale clinical trials are needed to give credence to definitive clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff S Kimball
- Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California
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18
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Bailey SM, Luxton JJ, McKenna MJ, Taylor LE, George KA, Jhavar SG, Swanson GP. Ad Astra - telomeres in space! Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:395-403. [PMID: 34270368 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1956010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE My journey to the stars began as I - along with the whole world - stood still and watched Neil Armstrong take those first small steps on the Moon. Fast forward 50 years and NASA astronauts Scott Kelly and Christina Koch each spend nearly a year in space aboard the International Space Station (ISS), a remarkable multinational collaborative project and floating U.S. National Laboratory that has supported continuous human presence in low Earth orbit for the past 20 years. Marking a new era of human space exploration, the first commercial rocket, SpaceX Falcon 9, recently launched NASA astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken in the Crew Dragon spacecraft Endeavor to the ISS and returned safely to Earth. NASA and its commercial partners are rapidly advancing innovative space technologies, and with the recently announced Artemis team of astronauts, plans to send the first woman and next man back to the moon and establish sustainable exploration by the end of the decade. Humankind will then be poised to take the next giant leap - pioneering human exploration of Mars. CONCLUSIONS Historically, fewer than 600 individuals have participated in spaceflight, the vast majority of whom have been middle aged males (35-55 years) on short duration missions (less than 20 days). Thus, as the number and diversity of space travelers increase, a better understanding of how long-duration spaceflight affects human health is essential to maintaining individual astronaut performance during, and improving disease and aging trajectories following, future exploration missions. Here, I review findings from our NASA Twins Study and Telomeres investigations, highlighting potential mechanistic roles of chronic space radiation exposure in changes in telomere length and persistent DNA damage responses associated with long-duration spaceflight. Importantly, similar trends were observed in prostate cancer patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), additional support specifically for the role of radiation exposure. Individual differences in response were also observed in both cohorts, underscoring the importance of developing personalized approaches for evaluating human health effects and long-term outcomes associated with radiation exposures, whether on Earth or living in the extreme environment of space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jared J Luxton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Miles J McKenna
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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19
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Yin R, Zhang J, Xu S, Kong Y, Wang H, Gao Y. Resistance to disuse-induced iron overload in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) during extended hibernation inactivity. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 257:110650. [PMID: 34298179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload occurs in disuse-induced osteoporosis. Hibernators are a natural animal model of resistance to disuse osteoporosis. We hypothesized that hibernators avoid iron overload to resist disuse-induced osteoporosis. Here, the role of iron metabolism in resistance to disuse osteoporosis was investigated by studying differences in iron content and iron metabolism in the femurs and livers of Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) between the summer active and torpid states. Results showed that the femurs were generally well-maintained during torpor, with no significant differences observed in most bone microstructural parameters, except for a significantly lower (by 40%) trabecular bone connection density. Femur and liver iron concentrations were significantly lower during torpor (by 59% and 49%, respectively). Based on histological staining, livers were iron-negative and femurs showed a reduction in iron-positive area (by 83%) during torpor; The number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts showed no significant differences between the two groups. Most iron metabolism/homeostasis proteins expression levels in the femur and liver showed no significant differences between the two groups, with their stable expression likely preventing iron overload during inactivity. Higher femoral transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) expression (by 108%) and lower liver ferritin expression (by 45%) were found in torpid squirrels. Lower liver ferritin may be related to the lower iron content, with the elevation in femoral TfR1 potentially related to restoration of bone iron levels. In conclusion, despite long periods of inactivity, iron levels in the femur and liver of squirrels were lower, bone formation and resorption were balanced and no iron overload was observed, as is found under disuse conditions in non-hibernators. Therefore, avoiding iron overload may be a potential mechanism for hibernators to avoid disuse-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yong Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, China.
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20
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Austermann K, Baecker N, Zwart SR, Fimmers R, Frippiat JP, Stehle P, Smith SM, Heer M. Antioxidant Supplementation Does Not Affect Bone Turnover Markers During 60 Days of 6° Head-Down Tilt Bed Rest: Results from an Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2021; 151:1527-1538. [PMID: 33831949 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immobilization and related oxidative stress are associated with bone loss. Antioxidants like polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and micronutrients may mitigate these negative effects on bone metabolism through scavenging of free radicals. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that antioxidant supplementation during 60 days of 6° head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR) would reduce bone resorption and increase bone formation compared to nonsupplemented controls. METHODS This exploratory randomized, controlled, single-blind intervention study conducted in a parallel design included 20 healthy male volunteers (age, 34 ± 8 years; weight, 74 ± 6 kg). The study consisted of a 14-day adaptation phase [baseline data collection (BDC)], followed by 60 days of HDBR and a 14-day recovery period (R). In the antioxidant group, volunteers received an antioxidant cocktail (741 mg/d polyphenols, 2.1 g/d omega-3 fatty acids, 168 mg/d vitamin E, and 80 μg/d selenium) with their daily meals. In the control group, volunteers received no supplement. Based on their body weight, all volunteers received an individually tailored and strictly controlled diet, consistent with DRIs. We analyzed biomarkers of calcium homeostasis, bone formation, and bone resorption during BDC, HDBR, and R, as well as for 30 days after the end of HDBR. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models. RESULTS The antioxidant supplement did not affect serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, urinary C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen, serum β-C-telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), bone alkaline phosphatase, aminoterminal propeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin, or urinary calcium excretion. In both groups, typical bed rest-related changes were observed. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of an antioxidant cocktail to a diet matching the DRIs did not affect bone resorption or formation during 60 days of HDBR in healthy young men. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03594799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Austermann
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalie Baecker
- IUBH International University of Applied Sciences, Bad Reichenhall, Germany
| | - Sara R Zwart
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rolf Fimmers
- Department of Medical Biometry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jean-Pol Frippiat
- Stress, Immunity, Pathogens Laboratory, Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - Peter Stehle
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Scott M Smith
- Human Health and Performance Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martina Heer
- Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,IUBH International University of Applied Sciences, Bad Reichenhall, Germany
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21
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da Silveira WA, Fazelinia H, Rosenthal SB, Laiakis EC, Kim MS, Meydan C, Kidane Y, Rathi KS, Smith SM, Stear B, Ying Y, Zhang Y, Foox J, Zanello S, Crucian B, Wang D, Nugent A, Costa HA, Zwart SR, Schrepfer S, Elworth RAL, Sapoval N, Treangen T, MacKay M, Gokhale NS, Horner SM, Singh LN, Wallace DC, Willey JS, Schisler JC, Meller R, McDonald JT, Fisch KM, Hardiman G, Taylor D, Mason CE, Costes SV, Beheshti A. Comprehensive Multi-omics Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Stress as a Central Biological Hub for Spaceflight Impact. Cell 2021; 183:1185-1201.e20. [PMID: 33242417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spaceflight is known to impose changes on human physiology with unknown molecular etiologies. To reveal these causes, we used a multi-omics, systems biology analytical approach using biomedical profiles from fifty-nine astronauts and data from NASA's GeneLab derived from hundreds of samples flown in space to determine transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenetic responses to spaceflight. Overall pathway analyses on the multi-omics datasets showed significant enrichment for mitochondrial processes, as well as innate immunity, chronic inflammation, cell cycle, circadian rhythm, and olfactory functions. Importantly, NASA's Twin Study provided a platform to confirm several of our principal findings. Evidence of altered mitochondrial function and DNA damage was also found in the urine and blood metabolic data compiled from the astronaut cohort and NASA Twin Study data, indicating mitochondrial stress as a consistent phenotype of spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Man S Kim
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yared Kidane
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA
| | - Komal S Rathi
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Stear
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yue Ying
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan Foox
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Dong Wang
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | | | - Sara R Zwart
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Larry N Singh
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Meller
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - J Tyson McDonald
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington D.C. 20057, USA
| | | | - Gary Hardiman
- Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Deanne Taylor
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
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22
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Bjørklund G, Pivina L, Dadar M, Semenova Y, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J. Long-Term Accumulation of Metals in the Skeleton as Related to Osteoporotic Derangements. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6837-6848. [PMID: 31333081 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190722153305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of metals in the environment are still not within the recommended limits as set by the regulatory authorities in various countries because of human activities. They can enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in soft and hard tissues/organs, often with a long half-life of the metal in the body. Metal exposure has a negative impact on bone health and may result in osteoporosis and increased fracture risk depending on concentration and duration of metal exposure and metal species. Bones are a long-term repository for lead and some other metals, and may approximately contain 90% of the total body burden in birds and mammals. The present review focuses on the most common metals found in contaminated areas (mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, iron, and aluminum) and their effects on bone tissue, considering the possibility of the long-term bone accumulation, and also some differences that might exist between different age groups in the whole population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Lyudmila Pivina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan,CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan,CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy,CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway,Faculty of Health and Social Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences,
Elverum, Norway
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23
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Nay K, Martin D, Orfila L, Saligaut D, Martin B, Horeau M, Cavey T, Kenawi M, Island ML, Ropert M, Loréal O, Koechlin-Ramonatxo C, Derbré F. Intermittent reloading does not prevent reduction in iron availability and hepcidin upregulation caused by hindlimb unloading. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:28-36. [PMID: 32281155 DOI: 10.1113/ep088339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Could skeletal muscle be involved in microgravity-induced iron misdistribution by modulating expression of hepcidin, the master regulator of iron metabolism? What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrate, in rats, that hepcidin upregulation is not a transient adaptation associated with early exposure to microgravity and that intermittent reloading does not limit microgravity-induced iron misdistribution despite having a beneficial effect on soleus muscle wasting. ABSTRACT In humans, exposure to microgravity during spaceflight causes muscle atrophy, changes in iron storage and a reduction in iron availability. We previously observed that during 7 days of simulated microgravity in rats, hepcidin plays a key role in iron misdistribution, and we suggested that a crosstalk between skeletal muscle and liver could regulate hepcidin synthesis in this context. In the present study in rats, we investigated the medium-term effects of simulated microgravity on iron metabolism. We also tested whether intermittent reloading (IR) to target skeletal muscle atrophy limits iron misdistribution efficiently. For this purpose, Wistar rats underwent 14 days of hindlimb unloading (HU) combined or not combined with daily IR. At the end of this period, the serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation were significantly reduced, whereas hepatic hepcidin mRNA was upregulated. However, the main signalling pathways involved in hepcidin synthesis in the liver (BMP-small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD), interleukin-6-STAT3 and ERK1/2) were unaffected. Unlike what was observed after 7 days of HU, the iron concentration in the spleen, liver and skeletal muscle was comparable between control animals and those that underwent HU or HU plus IR for 14 days. Despite its beneficial effect on soleus muscle atrophy and slow-to-fast myosin heavy chain distribution, IR did not significantly prevent a reduction in iron availability and hepcidin upregulation. Altogether, these results highlight that iron availability is durably reduced during longer exposure to simulated microgravity and that the related hepcidin upregulation is not a transient adaptation to these conditions. The results also suggest that skeletal muscle does not necessarily play a key role in the iron misdistribution that occurs during simulated microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Nay
- Laboratory 'Movement Sport and Health Sciences' EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France
- DMEM, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - David Martin
- Laboratory 'Movement Sport and Health Sciences' EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France
| | - Luz Orfila
- Laboratory 'Movement Sport and Health Sciences' EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France
| | - Dany Saligaut
- Laboratory 'Movement Sport and Health Sciences' EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France
| | - Brice Martin
- Laboratory 'Movement Sport and Health Sciences' EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Horeau
- Laboratory 'Movement Sport and Health Sciences' EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France
| | - Thibaut Cavey
- INSERM 1241, University of Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Moussa Kenawi
- INSERM 1241, University of Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Laure Island
- INSERM 1241, University of Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Ropert
- INSERM 1241, University of Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
- Department of Biochemistry, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM 1241, University of Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
| | | | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory 'Movement Sport and Health Sciences' EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, France
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24
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Luxton JJ, McKenna MJ, Lewis A, Taylor LE, George KA, Dixit SM, Moniz M, Benegas W, Mackay MJ, Mozsary C, Butler D, Bezdan D, Meydan C, Crucian BE, Zwart SR, Smith SM, Mason CE, Bailey SM. Telomere Length Dynamics and DNA Damage Responses Associated with Long-Duration Spaceflight. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108457. [PMID: 33242406 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length dynamics and DNA damage responses were assessed before, during, and after one-year or shorter duration missions aboard the International Space Station (ISS) in a comparatively large cohort of astronauts (n = 11). Although generally healthy individuals, astronauts tended to have significantly shorter telomeres and lower telomerase activity than age- and sex-matched ground controls before and after spaceflight. Although telomeres were longer during spaceflight irrespective of mission duration, telomere length shortened rapidly upon return to Earth, and overall astronauts had shorter telomeres after spaceflight than they did before; inter-individual differences were identified. During spaceflight, all crewmembers experienced oxidative stress, which positively correlated with telomere length dynamics. Significantly increased frequencies of chromosomal inversions were observed during and after spaceflight; changes in cell populations were also detected. We propose a telomeric adaptive response to chronic oxidative damage in extreme environments, whereby the telomerase-independent Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT) pathway is transiently activated in normal somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared J Luxton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Miles J McKenna
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Aidan Lewis
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Lynn E Taylor
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Sameer M Dixit
- Center for Molecular Dynamics - Nepal (CMDN), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Matthew J Mackay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Mozsary
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Butler
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cem Meydan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian E Crucian
- Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara R Zwart
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Scott M Smith
- Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Susan M Bailey
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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25
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Patel ZS, Brunstetter TJ, Tarver WJ, Whitmire AM, Zwart SR, Smith SM, Huff JL. Red risks for a journey to the red planet: The highest priority human health risks for a mission to Mars. NPJ Microgravity 2020; 6:33. [PMID: 33298950 PMCID: PMC7645687 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-00124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NASA's plans for space exploration include a return to the Moon to stay-boots back on the lunar surface with an orbital outpost. This station will be a launch point for voyages to destinations further away in our solar system, including journeys to the red planet Mars. To ensure success of these missions, health and performance risks associated with the unique hazards of spaceflight must be adequately controlled. These hazards-space radiation, altered gravity fields, isolation and confinement, closed environments, and distance from Earth-are linked with over 30 human health risks as documented by NASA's Human Research Program. The programmatic goal is to develop the tools and technologies to adequately mitigate, control, or accept these risks. The risks ranked as "red" have the highest priority based on both the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of their impact on human health, performance in mission, and long-term quality of life. These include: (1) space radiation health effects of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decrements (2) Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (3) behavioral health and performance decrements, and (4) inadequate food and nutrition. Evaluation of the hazards and risks in terms of the space exposome-the total sum of spaceflight and lifetime exposures and how they relate to genetics and determine the whole-body outcome-will provide a comprehensive picture of risk profiles for individual astronauts. In this review, we provide a primer on these "red" risks for the research community. The aim is to inform the development of studies and projects with high potential for generating both new knowledge and technologies to assist with mitigating multisystem risks to crew health during exploratory missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarana S Patel
- KBR, Houston, TX, USA.
- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Sara R Zwart
- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Scott M Smith
- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Nay K, Koechlin-Ramonatxo C, Rochdi S, Island ML, Orfila L, Treffel L, Bareille MP, Beck A, Gauquelin-Koch G, Ropert M, Loréal O, Derbré F. Simulated microgravity disturbs iron metabolism and distribution in humans: Lessons from dry immersion, an innovative ground-based human model. FASEB J 2020; 34:14920-14929. [PMID: 32918768 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001199rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of dry immersion, an innovative ground-based human model of simulated microgravity and extreme physical inactivity, on iron homeostasis and distribution. Twenty young healthy men were recruited and submitted to 5 days of dry immersion (DI). Fasting blood samples and MRI were performed before and after DI exposure to assess iron status, as well as hematological responses. DI increased spleen iron concentrations (SIC), whereas hepatic iron store (HIC) was not affected. Spleen iron sequestration could be due to the concomitant increase in serum hepcidin levels (P < .001). Increased serum unconjugated bilirubin, as well as the rise of serum myoglobin levels support that DI may promote hemolysis and myolysis. These phenomena could contribute to the concomitant increase of serum iron and transferrin saturation levels (P < .001). As HIC remained unchanged, increased serum hepcidin levels could be due both to higher transferrin saturation level, and to low-grade pro-inflammatory as suggested by the significant rise of serum ferritin and haptoglobin levels after DI (P = .003 and P = .003, respectively). These observations highlight the need for better assessment of iron metabolism in bedridden patients, and an optimization of the diet currently proposed to astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Nay
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France.,DMEM, University of Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France.,Exercise and Nutrition Research Program, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Rochdi
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Marie-Laure Island
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 Platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) Institute, Rennes, France.,Department of Biochemistry, CHU Rennes, France
| | - Luz Orfila
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Loïc Treffel
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | | | - Arnaud Beck
- Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Martine Ropert
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 Platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) Institute, Rennes, France.,Department of Biochemistry, CHU Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, University of Rennes, INRAE, UMR 1241, AEM2 Platform, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan) Institute, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" EA7470, University of Rennes/ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
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27
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Xue Y, Yang J, Luo J, Ren L, Shen Y, Dong D, Fang Y, Hu L, Liu M, Liao Z, Li J, Fang Z, Shang P. Disorder of Iron Metabolism Inhibits the Recovery of Unloading-Induced Bone Loss in Hypomagnetic Field. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1163-1173. [PMID: 31880821 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of humans and animals to microgravity in spaceflight results in various deleterious effects on bone health. In addition to microgravity, the hypomagnetic field (HyMF) is also an extreme environment in space, such as on the Moon and Mars; magnetic intensity is far weaker than the geomagnetic field (GMF) on Earth. Recently, we showed that HyMF promoted additional bone loss in hindlimb unloading-induced bone loss, and the underlying mechanism probably involved an increase of body iron storage. Numerous studies have indicated that bone loss induced by mechanical unloading can be largely restored after skeletal reloading in GMF conditions. However, it is unknown whether this bone deficit can return to a healthy state under HyMF condition. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects of HyMF on the recovery of microgravity-induced bone loss, and illustrates the changes of body iron storage in this process. Our results showed that there was lower bone mineral content (BMC) in the HyMF reloading group compared to the GMF reloading group. Reloaded mice in the HyMF condition had a worse microstructure of femur than in the GMF condition. Femoral mechanical properties, including elastic modulus, stiffness, and ultimate stress, were poorer and toughness was higher in the HyMF group compared with the GMF group. Simultaneously, more iron content in serum, the tibia, liver, and spleen was found under HyMF reloading than GMF reloading. The iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) decreased the iron content in the bone, liver, and spleen, and significantly relieved unloading-induced bone loss under HyMF reloading. These results showed that HyMF inhibits the recovery of microgravity-induced bone loss, probably by suppressing the elevated iron levels' return to physiological level. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Xue
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Longhua, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dandan Dong
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanwen Fang
- Zhejiang Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Lijiang Hu
- Zhejiang Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Zhejiang Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Zhongcai Liao
- Zhejiang Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Jun Li
- Zhejiang Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Zhicai Fang
- Zhejiang Heye Health Technology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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Morabito C, Guarnieri S, Cucina A, Bizzarri M, Mariggiò MA. Antioxidant Strategy to Prevent Simulated Microgravity-Induced Effects on Bone Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103638. [PMID: 32455731 PMCID: PMC7279347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects induced by microgravity on human body functions have been widely described, in particular those on skeletal muscle and bone tissues. This study aims to implement information on the possible countermeasures necessary to neutralize the oxidative imbalance induced by microgravity on osteoblastic cells. Using the model of murine MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells, cellular morphology, proliferation, and metabolism were investigated during exposure to simulated microgravity on a random positioning machine in the absence or presence of an antioxidant—the 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox). Our results confirm that simulated microgravity-induced morphological and metabolic alterations characterized by increased levels of reactive oxygen species and a slowdown of the proliferative rate. Interestingly, the use of Trolox inhibited the simulated microgravity-induced effects. Indeed, the antioxidant-neutralizing oxidants preserved cell cytoskeletal architecture and restored cell proliferation rate and metabolism. The use of appropriate antioxidant countermeasures could prevent the modifications and damage induced by microgravity on osteoblastic cells and consequently on bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Morabito
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and clinical Sciences—Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 06100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and clinical Sciences—Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 06100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery “Pietro Valdoni”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Systems Biology Group Lab, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria A. Mariggiò
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and clinical Sciences—Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 06100 Chieti, Italy; (C.M.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-541399
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Li G, Zhang H, Wu J, Wang A, Yang F, Chen B, Gao Y, Ma X, Xu Y. Hepcidin deficiency causes bone loss through interfering with the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via Forkhead box O3a. J Orthop Translat 2020; 23:67-76. [PMID: 32514392 PMCID: PMC7267010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hepcidin deficiency is known to cause body iron accumulation and bone microarchitecture defects, but the exact underlying mechanisms of hepcidin deficiency-induced bone loss remain unclear. Our objective was to understand the molecular mechanism of hepcidin deficiency-induced bone loss. Methods The bone phenotypes of wild type (WT) and hepcidin knockout (Hepcidin-KO) mice were measured by microcomputed tomography. The osteoclastic marker of the bone was measured by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. The osteoblastic marker of the bone was measured by immunostaining of osteocalcin. Primary osteoblastic and osteoclastic differentiation was performed using bone marrow cells. The mature osteoclast was determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, pit formation assay and relative gene expression. The mature osteoblast was determined by alkaline phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase staining, Alizarin Red staining and relative gene expression. The protein expression of β-catenin, TCF4/TCF7L2 and Forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) was measured by Western blot and their combination by co-immunoprecipitation. In vivo study was performed by tail vein administration of FOXO3a-RNAi using an adeno-associated virus in Hepcidin-KO mice. Results We found that Hepcidin-KO mice exhibited iron accumulation and bone loss compared with WT mice. The osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages from Hepcidin-KO mice was not significantly different from that of bone marrow–derived macrophages from WT mice. However, the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells from Hepcidin-KO mice was obviously decreased compared with that of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells from WT mice. Furthermore, it was confirmed in this study that upon hepcidin deficiency, β-catenin, TCF4/TCF7L2 and FOXO3a expression in bone tissues was not altered, but β-catenin combination with TCF4/TCF7L2 was strongly inhibited by β-catenin combination with FOXO3a, indicating that the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was affected. Tail vein administration of FOXO3a-RNAi using an adeno-associated virus in Hepcidin-KO mice resulted in bone mass recovery. Conclusion These findings suggested that hepcidin deficiency might cause bone loss by interfering with the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway via FOXO3a, and FOXO3a inhibition would be a possible approach to treat hepcidin deficiency-induced bone loss. The translational potential of this article Hepcidin deficiency, as well as iron accumulation, has been considered as a risk factor for osteoporosis. For this kind of osteoporosis, inhibition of FOXO3a either by neutralized antibody or AAV-mediated RNAi, represents an effective and promising method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiadong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yancheng Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, 224005, Yancheng, China
| | - Aifei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 116001, Dalian, China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215004, Suzhou, China.,Osteoporosis Institute of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, 215004, Suzhou, China
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Cahill
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS) Belfast UK
| | - G. Hardiman
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS) Belfast UK
- Department of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
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31
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Selected discoveries from human research in space that are relevant to human health on Earth. NPJ Microgravity 2020; 6:5. [PMID: 32128361 PMCID: PMC7016134 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-0095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial amount of life-sciences research has been performed in space since the beginning of human spaceflight. Investigations into bone loss, for example, are well known; other areas, such as neurovestibular function, were expected to be problematic even before humans ventured into space. Much of this research has been applied research, with a primary goal of maintaining the health and performance of astronauts in space, as opposed to research to obtain fundamental understanding or to translate to medical care on Earth. Some people—scientists and concerned citizens—have questioned the broader scientific value of this research, with the claim that the only reason to perform human research in space is to keep humans healthy in space. Here, we present examples that demonstrate that, although this research was focused on applied goals for spaceflight participants, the results of these studies are of fundamental scientific and biomedical importance. We will focus on results from bone physiology, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, and neurovestibular studies. In these cases, findings from spaceflight research have provided a foundation for enhancing healthcare terrestrially and have increased our knowledge of basic physiological processes.
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32
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Liu ZM, Chen B, Li S, Li G, Zhang D, Ho SC, Chen YM, Ma J, Qi H, Ling WH. Effect of whole soy and isoflavones daidzein on bone turnover and inflammatory markers: a 6-month double-blind, randomized controlled trial in Chinese postmenopausal women who are equol producers. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820920555. [PMID: 32595918 PMCID: PMC7303504 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820920555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of soy or isoflavones on bone metabolism. However, conflicting data remain. Equol is the intestinal metabolite of the isoflavone daidzein. The health benefits of soy are more pronounced in equol producers than those not producing equol. This 6-month randomized controlled trial aimed to examine the effect of whole soy (soy flour) and purified daidzein on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in Chinese postmenopausal women who are equol producers. METHODS A total of 270 eligible women were randomized to either one of the three isocaloric supplements as follows: 40 g soy flour (whole soy group), 40 g low-fat milk powder + 63 mg daidzein (daidzein group), or 40 g low-fat milk powder (placebo group) given as a solid beverage daily for 6 months. The following fasting venous samples were collected at the baseline and end of the trial to analyze BTMs: serum cross-linked C-telopeptides of type I collagen, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, and 25(OH)D3. Inflammation-related biomarkers, such as serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, transferrin, and homocysteine, were also tested to explore potential mechanisms. RESULTS A total of 253 subjects validly completed the study protocol. Urinary isoflavones suggested a good compliance to the treatments. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses indicated no significant difference in the 6-month or percentage changes in the parameters of bone metabolism and inflammatory markers among the three treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS Whole soy and purified daidzein at provided dosages exhibited no significant effect on the bone metabolism and inflammation levels among Chinese equol-producing postmenopausal women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01270737.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bailing Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, the First
Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Guoyi Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Suzanne C. Ho
- Department of Epidemiology, Jockey Club School
of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, New
Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-ming Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Huang Qi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
| | - Wen-hua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public
Health, Sun Yat-sen University (North Campus), Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR
China
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33
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Yang J, Zhang G, Dong D, Shang P. Effects of Iron Overload and Oxidative Damage on the Musculoskeletal System in the Space Environment: Data from Spaceflights and Ground-Based Simulation Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2608. [PMID: 30177626 PMCID: PMC6163331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The space environment chiefly includes microgravity and radiation, which seriously threatens the health of astronauts. Bone loss and muscle atrophy are the two most significant changes in mammals after long-term residency in space. In this review, we summarized current understanding of the effects of microgravity and radiation on the musculoskeletal system and discussed the corresponding mechanisms that are related to iron overload and oxidative damage. Furthermore, we enumerated some countermeasures that have a therapeutic potential for bone loss and muscle atrophy through using iron chelators and antioxidants. Future studies for better understanding the mechanism of iron and redox homeostasis imbalance induced by the space environment and developing the countermeasures against iron overload and oxidative damage consequently may facilitate human to travel more safely in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Dandan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Yang J, Meng X, Dong D, Xue Y, Chen X, Wang S, Shen Y, Zhang G, Shang P. Iron overload involved in the enhancement of unloading-induced bone loss by hypomagnetic field. Bone 2018; 114:235-245. [PMID: 29929042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During deep-space exploration missions, astronauts will be exposed to abnormal space environments including microgravity and hypomagnetic field (HyMF) that is 10,000 times weaker than geomagnetic field (GMF). It is well known that microgravity in space can induce bone loss; however, it is ill-defined whether HyMF involved in this process. Herein, we aimed to investigate the combined effects of HyMF and microgravity on bone loss. A mouse model of hindlimb suspension (HLU) was adopted to simulate microgravity-induced bone loss, that was exposed to a hypomagnetic field of <300 nanotesla (nT) generated by a geomagnetic field-shielding chamber. Besides, a recent study showed that HLU induced bone loss was orchestrated by iron overload. Therefore, the changes of iron content in unloading-induced bone loss under HyMF condition were detected simultaneously. The results showed HyMF exacerbated the loss of bone mineral content (BMC), induced more detrimental effects on microstructure of cancellous bone but not cortical bone and yielded greater negative effects on biomechanical characteristics in mice femur under unloading status. Concomitantly, there was more iron accumulation in serum, liver, spleen and bone in the combined treatment group than in the separate unloading group or HyMF exposure group. These results showed that HyMF promoted additional bone loss in mice femur during mechanical unloading, and the potential mechanism may be involved in inducing iron overload of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xiaofeng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dandan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanru Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Ying Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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35
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Yang J, Zhang J, Ding C, Dong D, Shang P. Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation and Iron Content in MC3T3-E1 Cells by Static Magnetic Field with Different Intensities. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:214-225. [PMID: 29052173 PMCID: PMC5992240 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have indicated that static magnetic fields (SMFs) have positive effects on bone tissue, including bone formation and bone healing process. Evaluating the effects of SMFs on bone cell (especially osteoblast) function and exploring the mechanism, which is critical for understanding the possible risks or benefits from SMFs to the balance of bone remodeling. Iron and magnetic fields have the natural relationship, and iron is an essential element for normal bone metabolism. Iron overload or deficiency can cause severe bone disorders including osteoporosis. However, there are few reports regarding the role of iron in the regulation of bone formation under SMFs. In this study, hypomagnetic field (HyMF) of 500 nT, moderate SMF (MMF) of 0.2 T, and high SMF (HiMF) of 16 T were used to investigate how osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) responses to SMFs and iron metabolism of osteoblast under SMFs. The results showed that SMFs did not pose severe toxic effects on osteoblast growth. During cell proliferation, iron content of osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells was decreased in HyMF, but was increased in MMF and HiMF after exposure for 48 h. Compared to untreated control (i.e., geomagnetic field, GMF), HyMF and MMF exerted deleterious effects on osteoblast differentiation by simultaneously retarding alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and calcium deposition. However, when exposed to HiMF of 16 T, the differentiation potential showed the opposite tendency with enhanced mineralization. Iron level was increased in HyMF, constant in MMF and decreased in HiMF during cell differentiation. In addition, the mRNA expression of transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) was promoted by HyMF but was inhibited by HiMF. At the same time, HiMF of 16 T and MMF of 0.2 T increased the expression of ferroportin 1 (FPN1). In conclusion, these results indicated that osteoblast differentiation can be regulated by altering the strength of the SMF, and iron is possibly involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chong Ding
- Province-Ministry Joint Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Dandan Dong
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- Research and Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China.
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Cavey T, Pierre N, Nay K, Allain C, Ropert M, Loréal O, Derbré F. Simulated microgravity decreases circulating iron in rats: role of inflammation-induced hepcidin upregulation. Exp Physiol 2018; 102:291-298. [PMID: 28087888 DOI: 10.1113/ep086188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Although microgravity is well known to reduce circulating iron in astronauts, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. We investigated whether hepcidin, a key hormone regulating iron metabolism, could be involved in this deleterious effect. What is the main finding and its importance? We show that hindlimb suspension, a model of microgravity, stimulates the production of hepcidin in liver of rats. In agreement with the biological role of hepcidin, we found a decrease of circulating iron and an increase of spleen iron content in hindlimb-unloaded rats. Consequently, our study supports the idea that hepcidin could play a role in the alteration of iron metabolism parameters observed during spaceflight. During spaceflight, humans exposed to microgravity exhibit an increase of iron storage and a reduction of circulating iron. Such perturbations could promote oxidative stress and anaemia in astronauts. The mechanism by which microgravity modulates iron metabolism is still unknown. Herein, we hypothesized that microgravity upregulates hepcidin, a hormone produced by the liver that is the main controller of iron homeostasis. To test this hypothesis, rats were submitted to hindlimb unloading (HU), the reference model to mimic the effects of microgravity in rodents. After 7 days, the mRNA level of hepcidin was increased in the liver of HU rats (+74%, P = 0.001). In agreement with the biological role of hepcidin, we found an increase of spleen iron content (+78%, P = 0.030) and a decrease of serum iron concentration (-35%, P = 0.002) and transferrin saturation (-25%, P = 0.011) in HU rats. These findings support a role of hepcidin in microgravity-induced iron metabolism alteration. Furthermore, among the signalling pathways inducing hepcidin mRNA expression, we found that only the interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) axis was activated by HU, as shown by the increase of phospho-STAT3 (+193%, P < 0.001) and of the hepatic mRNA level of haptoglobin (+167%, P < 0.001), a STAT3-inducible gene, in HU rats. Taken together, these data support the idea that microgravity may alter iron metabolism through an inflammatory process upregulating hepcidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Cavey
- INSERM UMR 991 UMR, Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.,Department of Biochemistry, CHU Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Pierre
- Laboratory 'Movement, Sport and Health Sciences' (M2S), University Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Kévin Nay
- Laboratory 'Movement, Sport and Health Sciences' (M2S), University Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
| | - Coralie Allain
- INSERM UMR 991 UMR, Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Ropert
- INSERM UMR 991 UMR, Rennes, France.,Department of Biochemistry, CHU Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Loréal
- INSERM UMR 991 UMR, Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- Laboratory 'Movement, Sport and Health Sciences' (M2S), University Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Bruz, France
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37
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The Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Bone System in Response to the Space Special Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102132. [PMID: 29023398 PMCID: PMC5666814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The space special environment mainly includes microgravity, radiation, vacuum and extreme temperature, which seriously threatens an astronaut’s health. Bone loss is one of the most significant alterations in mammalians after long-duration habitation in space. In this review, we summarize the crucial roles of major factors—namely radiation and microgravity—in space in oxidative stress generation in living organisms, and the inhibitory effect of oxidative stress on bone formation. We discussed the possible mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced skeletal involution, and listed some countermeasures that have therapeutic potentials for bone loss via oxidative stress antagonism. Future research for better understanding the oxidative stress caused by space environment and the development of countermeasures against oxidative damage accordingly may facilitate human beings to live more safely in space and explore deeper into the universe.
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38
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Du Y, Long Z, Chen M, Han B, Hou B, Feng F. Observational Monitoring of Patients with Aplastic Anemia and Low/Intermediate-1 Risk of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Complicated with Iron Overload. Acta Haematol 2017; 138:119-128. [PMID: 28866669 DOI: 10.1159/000479422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on the iron overload (IOL) of patients with transfused aplastic anemia (AA) or a low/intermediate-1 risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). METHODS Ninety-two AA or MDS patients with IOL were prospectively recruited. Clinical data were collected every 6 months, and organ magnetic resonance imaging T2* values were collected annually. Patients with IOL were chelated. RESULTS Serum ferritin was correlated with liver T2* and pancreatic T2* in the AA and MDS groups. Transfusion amounts were correlated with serum ferritin values, liver T2*, and pancreatic T2* in the AA group. At the 6-month and 1-year evaluations, patients with sufficient chelation experienced significant decreases in serum ferritin, and those with decreased serum ferritin experienced an obvious increase in hemoglobin. At their 1-year-follow-up, patients with adequate chelation showed significant increases in hepatic T2*, cardiac T2*, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Patients with decreased serum ferritin (including those without chelation) experienced an increase in hemoglobin, hepatic T2*, cardiac T2*, and LVEF. CONCLUSION The transfusion amount was more reliable at predicting IOL in patients with AA than in those with MDS. Adequate iron chelation can decrease serum ferritin levels and may improve hepatic T2*, cardiac T2*, and LVEF levels. A decrease in serum ferritin, even in the absence of chelation, may also benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Du
- Department of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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Xu Z, Sun W, Li Y, Ling S, Zhao C, Zhong G, Zhao D, Song J, Song H, Li J, You L, Nie G, Chang Y, Li Y. The regulation of iron metabolism by hepcidin contributes to unloading-induced bone loss. Bone 2017; 94:152-161. [PMID: 27686598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron overload inhibits osteoblast function and promotes osteoclastogenesis. Hepcidin plays an important role in this process. The changes in iron content and the regulation of hepcidin under unloading-induced bone loss remain unknown. A hindlimb suspension model was adopted to simulate unloading-induced bone loss in mice. The results showed that iron deposition in both liver and bone was markedly increased in hindlimb unloaded mice, and was accompanied by the upregulation of osteoclast activity and downregulation of osteoblast activity. The iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) reduced the iron content in bone and alleviated unloading-induced bone loss. The increased iron content in bone was mainly a result of the upregulation of transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and divalent metal transporter 1 with iron response element (DMT1+IRE), rather than changes in the iron transporter ferroportin 1 (FPN1). The hepcidin level in the liver was significantly higher, while the FPN1 level in the duodenum was substantially reduced. However, there were no changes in the FPN1 level in bone tissue. During hindlimb unloading, downregulation of hepcidin by siRNA increased iron uptake in bone and liver, which aggravated unloading-induced bone loss. In summary, these data show that unloading-induced bone loss was orchestrated by iron overload and coupled with the regulation of hepcidin by the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Weijia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hailin Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jinqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Linhao You
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China.
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Theriot CA, Westby CM, Morgan JLL, Zwart SR, Zanello SB. High dietary iron increases oxidative stress and radiosensitivity in the rat retina and vasculature after exposure to fractionated gamma radiation. NPJ Microgravity 2016; 2:16014. [PMID: 28725729 PMCID: PMC5515516 DOI: 10.1038/npjmgrav.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure in combination with other space environmental factors including microgravity, nutritional status, and deconditioning is a concern for long-duration space exploration missions. Astronauts experience altered iron homeostasis due to adaptations to microgravity and an iron-rich food system. Iron intake reaches three to six times the recommended daily allowance due to the use of fortified foods on the International Space Station. Iron is associated with certain optic neuropathies and can potentiate oxidative stress. This study examined the response of eye and vascular tissue to gamma radiation exposure (3 Gy fractionated at 37.5 cGy per day every other day for 8 fractions) in rats fed an adequate-iron diet or a high-iron diet. Twelve-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of four experimental groups: adequate-iron diet/no radiation (CON), high-iron diet/no radiation (IRON), adequate-iron diet/radiation (RAD), and high-iron diet/radiation (IRON+RAD). Animals were maintained on the corresponding iron diet for 2 weeks before radiation exposure. As previously published, the high-iron diet resulted in elevated blood and liver iron levels. Dietary iron overload altered the radiation response observed in serum analytes, as evidenced by a significant increase in catalase levels and smaller decrease in glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity levels. 8-OHdG immunostaining, showed increased intensity in the retina after radiation exposure. Gene expression profiles of retinal and aortic vascular samples suggested an interaction between the response to radiation and high dietary iron. This study suggests that the combination of gamma radiation and high dietary iron has deleterious effects on retinal and vascular health and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey A Theriot
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Christian M Westby
- Universities Space Research Association, Division of Space Life Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L L Morgan
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara R Zwart
- Universities Space Research Association, Division of Space Life Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susana B Zanello
- Universities Space Research Association, Division of Space Life Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Bloomfield SA, Martinez DA, Boudreaux RD, Mantri AV. Microgravity Stress: Bone and Connective Tissue. Compr Physiol 2016; 6:645-86. [PMID: 27065165 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The major alterations in bone and the dense connective tissues in humans and animals exposed to microgravity illustrate the dependency of these tissues' function on normal gravitational loading. Whether these alterations depend solely on the reduced mechanical loading of zero g or are compounded by fluid shifts, altered tissue blood flow, radiation exposure, and altered nutritional status is not yet well defined. Changes in the dense connective tissues and intervertebral disks are generally smaller in magnitude but occur more rapidly than those in mineralized bone with transitions to 0 g and during recovery once back to the loading provided by 1 g conditions. However, joint injuries are projected to occur much more often than the more catastrophic bone fracture during exploration class missions, so protecting the integrity of both tissues is important. This review focuses on the research performed over the last 20 years in humans and animals exposed to actual spaceflight, as well as on knowledge gained from pertinent ground-based models such as bed rest in humans and hindlimb unloading in rodents. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms for alterations in bone and connective tissues with exposure to microgravity, but intriguing questions remain to be solved, particularly with reference to biomedical risks associated with prolonged exploration missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Bloomfield
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel A Martinez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ramon D Boudreaux
- Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Anita V Mantri
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Health Science Center School of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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42
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Hughson RL, Robertson AD, Arbeille P, Shoemaker JK, Rush JWE, Fraser KS, Greaves DK. Increased postflight carotid artery stiffness and inflight insulin resistance resulting from 6-mo spaceflight in male and female astronauts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H628-38. [PMID: 26747504 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00802.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Removal of the normal head-to-foot gravity vector and chronic weightlessness during spaceflight might induce cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations related to changes in arterial pressure and reduction in physical activity. We tested hypotheses that stiffness of arteries located above the heart would be increased postflight, and that blood biomarkers inflight would be consistent with changes in vascular function. Possible sex differences in responses were explored in four male and four female astronauts who lived on the International Space Station for 6 mo. Carotid artery distensibility coefficient (P = 0.005) and β-stiffness index (P = 0.006) reflected 17-30% increases in arterial stiffness when measured within 38 h of return to Earth compared with preflight. Spaceflight-by-sex interaction effects were found with greater changes in β-stiffness index in women (P = 0.017), but greater changes in pulse wave transit time in men (P = 0.006). Several blood biomarkers were changed from preflight to inflight, including an increase in an index of insulin resistance (P < 0.001) with a spaceflight-by-sex term suggesting greater change in men (P = 0.034). Spaceflight-by-sex interactions for renin (P = 0.016) and aldosterone (P = 0.010) indicated greater increases in women than men. Six-month spaceflight caused increased arterial stiffness. Altered hydrostatic arterial pressure gradients as well as changes in insulin resistance and other biomarkers might have contributed to alterations in arterial properties, including sex differences between male and female astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Hughson
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Andrew D Robertson
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe Arbeille
- Unite Medecine Physiologie Spatiale, CERCOM, EFMP, CHU Trousseau, Tours, France
| | - J Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - James W E Rush
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
| | - Katelyn S Fraser
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle K Greaves
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Magnesium is an essential nutrient for muscle, cardiovascular, and bone health on Earth, and during space flight. We sought to evaluate magnesium status in 43 astronauts (34 male, 9 female; 47 ± 5 years old, mean ± SD) before, during, and after 4–6-month space missions. We also studied individuals participating in a ground analog of space flight (head-down-tilt bed rest; n = 27 (17 male, 10 female), 35 ± 7 years old). We evaluated serum concentration and 24-h urinary excretion of magnesium, along with estimates of tissue magnesium status from sublingual cells. Serum magnesium increased late in flight, while urinary magnesium excretion was higher over the course of 180-day space missions. Urinary magnesium increased during flight but decreased significantly at landing. Neither serum nor urinary magnesium changed during bed rest. For flight and bed rest, significant correlations existed between the area under the curve of serum and urinary magnesium and the change in total body bone mineral content. Tissue magnesium concentration was unchanged after flight and bed rest. Increased excretion of magnesium is likely partially from bone and partially from diet, but importantly, it does not come at the expense of muscle tissue stores. While further study is needed to better understand the implications of these findings for longer space exploration missions, magnesium homeostasis and tissue status seem well maintained during 4–6-month space missions.
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44
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Zwart SR, Gregory JF, Zeisel SH, Gibson CR, Mader TH, Kinchen JM, Ueland PM, Ploutz-Snyder R, Heer MA, Smith SM. Genotype, B-vitamin status, and androgens affect spaceflight-induced ophthalmic changes. FASEB J 2015; 30:141-8. [PMID: 26316272 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-278457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmic changes have occurred in a subset of astronauts on International Space Station missions. Visual deterioration is considered the greatest human health risk of spaceflight. Affected astronauts exhibit higher concentrations of 1-carbon metabolites (e.g., homocysteine) before flight. We hypothesized that genetic variations in 1-carbon metabolism genes contribute to susceptibility to ophthalmic changes in astronauts. We investigated 5 polymorphisms in the methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) genes and their association with ophthalmic changes after flight in 49 astronauts. The number of G alleles of MTRR 66 and C alleles of SHMT1 1420 both contributed to the odds of visual disturbances. Preflight dehydroepiandrosterone was positively associated with cotton wool spots, and serum testosterone response during flight was associated with refractive change. Block regression showed that B-vitamin status and genetics were significant predictors of many of the ophthalmic outcomes that we observed. In one example, genetics trended toward improving (P = 0.10) and B-vitamin status significantly improved (P < 0.001) the predictive model for refractive change after flight. We document an association between MTRR 66 and SHMT1 1420 polymorphisms and spaceflight-induced vision changes. This line of research could lead to therapeutic options for both space travelers and terrestrial patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Zwart
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles R Gibson
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas H Mader
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason M Kinchen
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Per M Ueland
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Ploutz-Snyder
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Martina A Heer
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott M Smith
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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45
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Luna C, Yew AG, Hsieh AH. Effects of angular frequency during clinorotation on mesenchymal stem cell morphology and migration. NPJ Microgravity 2015; 1:15007. [PMID: 28725712 PMCID: PMC5515506 DOI: 10.1038/npjmgrav.2015.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the short-term effects of simulated microgravity on mesenchymal stem cell behaviors-as a function of clinorotation speed-using time-lapse microscopy. BACKGROUND Ground-based microgravity simulation can reproduce the apparent effects of weightlessness in spaceflight using clinostats that continuously reorient the gravity vector on a specimen, creating a time-averaged nullification of gravity. In this work, we investigated the effects of clinorotation speed on the morphology, cytoarchitecture, and migration behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). METHODS We compared cell responses at clinorotation speeds of 0, 30, 60, and 75 rpm over 8 h in a recently developed lab-on-chip-based clinostat system. Time-lapse light microscopy was used to visualize changes in cell morphology during and after cessation of clinorotation. Cytoarchitecture was assessed by actin and vinculin staining, and chemotaxis was examined using time-lapse light microscopy of cells in NGF (100 ng/ml) gradients. RESULTS Among clinorotated groups, cell area distributions indicated a greater inhibition of cell spreading with higher angular frequency (P<0.005), though average cell area at 30 rpm after 8 h became statistically similar to control (P=0.794). Cells at 75 rpm clinorotation remained viable and were able to re-spread after clinorotation. In chemotaxis chambers, clinorotation did not alter migration patterns in elongated cells, but most clinorotated cells exhibited cell retraction, which strongly compromised motility. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that hMSCs respond to clinorotation by adopting more rounded, less-spread morphologies. The angular frequency-dependence suggests that a cell's ability to sense the changing gravity vector is governed by the rate of perturbation. For migration studies, cells cultured in clinorotated chemotaxis chambers were generally less motile and exhibited retraction instead of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Luna
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Alvin G Yew
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Adam H Hsieh
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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46
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Tang Q, Liu Z, Tang Y, Tan A, Gao Y, Lu Z, Wang Q, Chen Y, Wu C, Zhang H, Yang X, Mo Z. High serum ferritin level is an independent risk factor for metabolic syndrome in a Chinese male cohort population. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2015; 7:11. [PMID: 25741386 PMCID: PMC4349689 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-015-0004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated serum ferritin levels have been reported to contribute to metabolic syndrome (MetS). We examined the association of serum ferritin levels with the development of MetS in a representative sample of Chinese male adult population. METHOD The data came from the 2009-2013 Fangchenggang Area Males Health and Examination Survey (FAMHES). We combined a cross-sectional study of 2417 males and a longitudinal study of 857 males who participated in the FAMHES. RESULT The serum ferritin level of MetS was higher than that of nonMetS (median and percentiles 25-75: 447.4 (294.1-612.4) vs. 302.4 (215.0-435.8) ng/ml, p < 0.01). A positive correlation between ferritin concentrations and blood pressure (Systolic BP: R = 0.110, Diastolic BP: R = 0.158), waist circumference (R = 0.333), fasting glucose (R = 0.089), triglyceride (R = 0.315) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (R = 0.130) was significant (all p < 0.001). Compared with the level of ferritin in the group with no MetS component, the group with all five MetS components had a higher ferritin level (554.7 (340.1-606.4) vs. 274.2 (198.2-384.4) ng/ml). The odd radio (OR) was higher for MetS in the highest ferritin quartile (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.47-3.54) compared with the lowest ferritin quartile after adjustment for multi-factors. After 4-year follow up, 79 subjects newly diagnosed with MetS in 857 cohort male participants in 2013. Compared with the lowest ferritin quartile, the RR of the highest ferritin quartile was 2.55 (95% CI = 1.30-5.00) after multiple adjustments (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our findings confirm that the serum ferritin level is associated with the independent components of MetS, and elevated ferritin level is an independent risk factor for MetS development in the Chinese male population during the 4-year follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Tang
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- />Hematology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Yan Tang
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Aihua Tan
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Department of Chemotherapy, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Yong Gao
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Zheng Lu
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Yingchun Chen
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Chunlei Wu
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- />Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
- />Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021 China
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47
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Pretorius E, Swanepoel AC, Buys AV, Vermeulen N, Duim W, Kell DB. Eryptosis as a marker of Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2014; 6:788-819. [PMID: 25411230 PMCID: PMC4247384 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A major trend in recent Parkinson's disease (PD) research is the investigation of biological markers that could help in identifying at-risk individuals or to track disease progression and response to therapies. Central to this is the knowledge that inflammation is a known hallmark of PD and of many other degenerative diseases. In the current work, we focus on inflammatory signalling in PD, using a systems approach that allows us to look at the disease in a more holistic way. We discuss cyclooxygenases, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and also iron in PD. These particular signalling molecules are involved in PD pathophysiology, but are also very important in an aberrant coagulation/hematology system. We present and discuss a hypothesis regarding the possible interaction of these aberrant signalling molecules implicated in PD, and suggest that these molecules may affect the erythrocytes of PD patients. This would be observable as changes in the morphology of the RBCs and of PD patients relative to healthy controls. We then show that the RBCs of PD patients are indeed rather dramatically deranged in their morphology, exhibiting eryptosis (a kind of programmed cell death). This morphological indicator may have useful diagnostic and prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Albe C Swanepoel
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Antoinette V Buys
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Natasha Vermeulen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Wiebren Duim
- Department of Neurology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia 0007, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, UK
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48
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Jia B, Xie L, Zheng Q, Yang PF, Zhang WJ, Ding C, Qian AR, Shang P. A hypomagnetic field aggravates bone loss induced by hindlimb unloading in rat femurs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105604. [PMID: 25157571 PMCID: PMC4144882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A hypomagnetic field is an extremely weak magnetic field--it is considerably weaker than the geomagnetic field. In deep-space exploration missions, such as those involving extended stays on the moon and interplanetary travel, astronauts will experience abnormal space environments involving hypomagnetic fields and microgravity. It is known that microgravity in space causes bone loss, which results in decreased bone mineral density. However, it is unclear whether hypomagnetic fields affect the skeletal system. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the complex effects of a hypomagnetic field and microgravity on bone loss. To study the effects of hypomagnetic fields on the femoral characteristics of rats in simulated weightlessness, we established a rat model of hindlimb unloading that was exposed to a hypomagnetic field. We used a geomagnetic field-shielding chamber to generate a hypomagnetic field of <300 nT. The results show that hypomagnetic fields can exacerbate bone mineral density loss and alter femoral biomechanical characteristics in hindlimb-unloaded rats. The underlying mechanism might involve changes in biological rhythms and the concentrations of trace elements due to the hypomagnetic field, which would result in the generation of oxidative stress responses in the rat. Excessive levels of reactive oxygen species would stimulate osteoblasts to secrete receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and promote the maturation and activation of osteoclasts and thus eventually cause bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Xie
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng-fei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chong Ding
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ai-rong Qian
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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49
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English KL, Loehr JA, Lee SMC, Smith SM. Early-phase musculoskeletal adaptations to different levels of eccentric resistance after 8 weeks of lower body training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:2263-80. [PMID: 25048074 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Eccentric muscle actions are important to the development of muscle mass and strength and may affect bone mineral density (BMD). This study's purpose was to determine the relative effectiveness of five different eccentric:concentric load ratios to increase musculoskeletal parameters during early adaptations to resistance training. METHODS Forty male subjects performed a supine leg press and calf press training program 3 days week(-1) for 8 weeks. Subjects were matched for pre-training leg press 1-repetition maximum strength (1-RM) and randomly assigned to one of five training groups. Concentric training load (% 1-RM) was constant across groups, but within groups, eccentric load was 0, 33, 66, 100, or 138% of concentric load. Muscle mass (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; DXA), strength (1-RM), and BMD (DXA) were measured pre- and post-training. Markers of bone metabolism were assessed pre-, mid- and post-training. RESULTS The increase in leg press 1-RM in the 138% group (20 ± 4%) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the 0% (8 ± 3%), 33% (8 ± 5%) and 66% (8 ± 4%) groups, but not the 100% group (13 ± 6 %; P = 0.15). All groups, except the 0% group, increased calf press 1-RM (P < 0.05). Leg lean mass and greater trochanter BMD were increased only in the 138% group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early-phase adaptations to eccentric overload training include increases in muscle mass and site-specific increases in BMD and muscle strength which are not present or are less with traditional and eccentric underload training. Eccentric overload provides a robust musculoskeletal stimulus that may benefit bedridden patients, individuals recovering from injury or illness, and astronauts during spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk L English
- JES Tech, LLC, 16870 Royal Crest Dr., Houston, TX, 77058, USA,
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50
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Smith S, Abrams S, Davis-Street J, Heer M, O'Brien K, Wastney M, Zwart S. Fifty Years of Human Space Travel: Implications for Bone and Calcium Research. Annu Rev Nutr 2014; 34:377-400. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071813-105440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Smith
- Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058;
| | - S.A. Abrams
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030;
| | - J.E. Davis-Street
- Chevron Services Company, Corporate Health and Medical, Houston, Texas 77002;
| | - M. Heer
- Profil, 41460 Neuss, Germany;
- University of Bonn, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutrition Physiology, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - K.O. O'Brien
- Cornell University, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - M.E. Wastney
- Metabolic Modeling Services, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906;
| | - S.R. Zwart
- Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas 77058;
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