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Qu Y, Xu W, Guo S, Wu H. Association of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary intake with overweight and obesity among U.S. children: findings from NHANES. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2176. [PMID: 39135163 PMCID: PMC11318293 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19637-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood overweight/obesity is a serious problem that has not been adequately addressed. As a key factor affecting weight gain, the association between dietary intake with childhood overweight and obesity is still unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between sociodemographic, lifestyle factors and dietary intake with overweight or obesity. We used data from a large cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The U.S. children aged 6-15 years with both weight data and dietary data were included. For univariate analysis of sociodemographic data, t tests was performed for continuous variables and chi-square tests was performed for discrete variables. Dietary intakes were described by median and quartile, and differences in dietary intake between children with normal weight and children with overweight or obesity were compared by rank sum tests. A modern statistical shrinkage technique, LASSO regression was used to examine the association between dietary intake and childhood obesity. Our study confirms that Hispanic ethnicity, increasing age, passive exposure to smoking, higher protein intake, and higher caffeine intake were positively associated with child overweight or obesity. Additionally, non-Hispanic White race, higher physical activity levels, higher household income, and higher vitamin A intake were negatively associated with child overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangming Qu
- Department of Neonatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neonatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shijie Guo
- Department of Neonatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Neonatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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2
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Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Han M, Jensen BAH, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Danneskiold-Samsøe NB, Ho QT, Smette A, von Bergen M, Xiao L, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. The Food Sources in Western Diets Modulate Obesity Development, Insulin Sensitivity, and the Plasma and Cecal Metabolome in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400246. [PMID: 39107912 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary constituents modulate development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The metabolic impact from different food sources in western diets (WD) on obesity development is not fully elucidated. This study aims to identify dietary sources that differentially affect obesity development and the metabolic processes involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed isocaloric WDs with protein and fat from different food groups, including egg and dairy, terrestrial meat, game meat, marine, vegetarian, and a mixture of all. This study evaluates development of obesity, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and plasma and cecal metabolome. WD based on marine or vegetarian food sources protects male mice from obesity development and insulin resistance, whereas meat-based diets promote obesity. The intake of different food sources induces marked differences in the lipid-related plasma metabolome, particularly impacting phosphatidylcholines. Fifty-nine lipid-related plasma metabolites are positively associated with adiposity and a distinct cecal metabolome is found in mice fed a marine diet. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates differences in obesity development between the food groups. Diet specific metabolomic signatures in plasma and cecum associated with adiposity, where a marine based diet modulates the level of plasma and cecal phosphatidylcholines in addition to preventing obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, 5817, Norway
| | - Mo Han
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | | | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Quang Tri Ho
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, 5817, Norway
| | - Anita Smette
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, 5817, Norway
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Liang Xiao
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, 5817, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5200, Norway
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3
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Anjom-Shoae J, Feinle-Bisset C, Horowitz M. Impacts of dietary animal and plant protein on weight and glycemic control in health, obesity and type 2 diabetes: friend or foe? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1412182. [PMID: 39145315 PMCID: PMC11321983 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1412182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well established that high-protein diets (i.e. ~25-30% of energy intake from protein) provide benefits for achieving weight loss, and subsequent weight maintenance, in individuals with obesity, and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D). These effects may be attributable to the superior satiating property of protein, at least in part, through stimulation of both gastrointestinal (GI) mechanisms by protein, involving GI hormone release and slowing of gastric emptying, as well as post-absorptive mechanisms facilitated by circulating amino acids. In contrast, there is evidence that the beneficial effects of greater protein intake on body weight and glycemia may only be sustained for 6-12 months. While both suboptimal dietary compliance and metabolic adaptation, as well as substantial limitations in the design of longer-term studies are all likely to contribute to this contradiction, the source of dietary protein (i.e. animal vs. plant) has received inappropriately little attention. This issue has been highlighted by outcomes of recent epidemiological studies indicating that long-term consumption of animal-based protein may have adverse effects in relation to the development of obesity and T2D, while plant-based protein showed either protective or neutral effects. This review examines information relating to the effects of dietary protein on appetite, energy intake and postprandial glycemia, and the relevant GI functions, as reported in acute, intermediate- and long-term studies in humans. We also evaluate knowledge relating to the relevance of the dietary protein source, specifically animal or plant, to the prevention, and management, of obesity and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Anjom-Shoae
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christine Feinle-Bisset
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael Horowitz
- Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Qu Y, Sheng N, Ji S, Li Z, Wang J, Pan Y, Hu X, Zheng X, Li Y, Song H, Xie L, Zhang W, Cai J, Zhao F, Zhu Y, Cao Z, Lv Y, Dai J, Shi X. Dietary seafood as a potential modifier in the relationship between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) burden and prediabetes/diabetes: Insights from a nationally representative cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134645. [PMID: 38762989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
While seafood is recognized for its beneficial effects on glycemic control, concerns over elevated levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may deter individuals from its consumption. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between seafood intake, PFASs exposure, and the odds of diabetes. Drawing from the China National Human Biomonitoring data (2017-2018), we assessed the impact of PFASs on the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes across 10851 adults, including 5253 individuals (48.1%) reporting seafood consumption. Notably, seafood consumers exhibited PFASs levels nearly double those of non-consumers. Multinomial logistic regression identified significant positive associations between serum PFASs concentrations and prediabetes (T3 vs. T1: ORPFOA: 1.64 [1.08-2.49], ORPFNA: 1.59 [1.19-2.13], ORPFDA: 1.56 [1.13-2.17], ORPFHxS: 1.58 [1.18-2.12], ORPFHpS: 1.73 [1.24-2.43], ORPFOS: 1.51 [1.15-1.96], OR6:2 Cl-PFESA: 1.58 [1.21-2.07]). Significant positive association were also found between PFHpS, PFOS, and diabetes. RCS curves indicated significant non-linear relationships between log-transformed PFOA, PFUnDA, PFOS, 6:2 Cl-PFESA, and FBG levels. Subgroup analyses revealed that seafood consumption significantly mitigated the associations between PFASs burdens and prediabetes/diabetes. These findings suggest a protective role of dietary seafood against the adverse effects of PFASs exposure on glycemic disorders, offering insights for dietary interventions aimed at mitigating diabetes risks associated with PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Qu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Saisai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Zheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yitao Pan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojian Hu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Xulin Zheng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Yawei Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Haocan Song
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Linna Xie
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Jiayi Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Zhaojin Cao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing 100021, Chaoyang, China.
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Tang D, Hu Y, Zhang N, Xiao X, Zhao X. Change analysis for intermediate disease markers in nutritional epidemiology: a causal inference perspective. BMC Med Res Methodol 2024; 24:49. [PMID: 38413862 PMCID: PMC10898035 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-024-02167-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several approaches are commonly used to estimate the effect of diet on changes of various intermediate disease markers in prospective studies, including "change-score analysis", "concurrent change-change analysis" and "lagged change-change analysis". Although empirical evidence suggests that concurrent change-change analysis is most robust, consistent, and biologically plausible, in-depth dissection and comparison of these approaches from a causal inference perspective is lacking. We intend to explicitly elucidate and compare the underlying causal model, causal estimand and interpretation of these approaches, intuitively illustrate it with directed acyclic graph (DAG), and further clarify strengths and limitations of the recommended concurrent change-change analysis through simulations. METHODS Causal model and DAG are deployed to clarify the causal estimand and interpretation of each approach theoretically. Monte Carlo simulation is used to explore the performance of distinct approaches under different extents of time-invariant heterogeneity and the performance of concurrent change-change analysis when its causal identification assumptions are violated. RESULTS Concurrent change-change analysis targets the contemporaneous effect of exposure on outcome (measured at the same survey wave), which is more relevant and plausible in studying the associations of diet and intermediate biomarkers in prospective studies, while change-score analysis and lagged change-change analysis target the effect of exposure on outcome after one-period timespan (typically several years). Concurrent change-change analysis always yields unbiased estimates even with severe unobserved time-invariant confounding, while the other two approaches are always biased even without time-invariant heterogeneity. However, concurrent change-change analysis produces almost linearly increasing estimation bias with violation of its causal identification assumptions becoming more serious. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent change-change analysis might be the most superior method in studying the diet and intermediate biomarkers in prospective studies, which targets the most plausible estimand and circumvents the bias from unobserved individual heterogeneity. Importantly, careful examination of the vital identification assumptions behind it should be underscored before applying this promising method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xing Zhao
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Mansour S, Alkhaaldi SMI, Sammanasunathan AF, Ibrahim S, Farhat J, Al-Omari B. Precision Nutrition Unveiled: Gene-Nutrient Interactions, Microbiota Dynamics, and Lifestyle Factors in Obesity Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:581. [PMID: 38474710 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that is associated with several diseases. Recently, precision nutrition (PN) has emerged as a tailored approach to provide individualised dietary recommendations. AIM This review discusses the major intrinsic and extrinsic components considered when applying PN during the management of obesity and common associated chronic conditions. RESULTS The review identified three main PN components: gene-nutrient interactions, intestinal microbiota, and lifestyle factors. Genetic makeup significantly contributes to inter-individual variations in dietary behaviours, with advanced genome sequencing and population genetics aiding in detecting gene variants associated with obesity. Additionally, PN-based host-microbiota evaluation emerges as an advanced therapeutic tool, impacting disease control and prevention. The gut microbiome's composition regulates diverse responses to nutritional recommendations. Several studies highlight PN's effectiveness in improving diet quality and enhancing adherence to physical activity among obese patients. PN is a key strategy for addressing obesity-related risk factors, encompassing dietary patterns, body weight, fat, blood lipids, glucose levels, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSION PN stands out as a feasible tool for effectively managing obesity, considering its ability to integrate genetic and lifestyle factors. The application of PN-based approaches not only improves current obesity conditions but also holds promise for preventing obesity and its associated complications in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Mansour
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif M I Alkhaaldi
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashwin F Sammanasunathan
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joviana Farhat
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basem Al-Omari
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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Narasaki Y, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rhee CM, Brunori G, Zarantonello D. Vegetarian Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2023; 16:66. [PMID: 38201898 PMCID: PMC10780746 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
There is rising interest globally with respect to the health implications of vegetarian or plant-based diets. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that higher consumption of plant-based foods and the nutrients found in vegetarian and plant-based diets are associated with numerous health benefits, including improved blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid levels, body mass index, and acid-base parameters. Furthermore, there has been increasing recognition that vegetarian and plant-based diets may have potential salutary benefits in preventing the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While increasing evidence shows that vegetarian and plant-based diets have nephroprotective effects, there remains some degree of uncertainty about their nutritional adequacy and safety in CKD (with respect to protein-energy wasting, hyperkalemia, etc.). In this review, we focus on the potential roles of and existing data on the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of various vegetarian and plant-based diets in CKD, as well as their practical application in CKD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Narasaki
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh
- Tibor Rubin Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
- The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Connie M. Rhee
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Giuliano Brunori
- Department of Nephrology, Santa Chiara Hospital, APSS, 31822 Trento, Italy
- CISMed, University of Trento, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Diana Zarantonello
- Department of Nephrology, Santa Chiara Hospital, APSS, 31822 Trento, Italy
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Wang Y, Liu B, Han H, Hu Y, Zhu L, Rimm EB, Hu FB, Sun Q. Associations between plant-based dietary patterns and risks of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality - a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr J 2023; 22:46. [PMID: 37789346 PMCID: PMC10548756 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-based dietary patterns are gaining more attention due to their potential in reducing the risk of developing major chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and mortality, while an up-to-date comprehensive quantitative review is lacking. This study aimed to summarize the existing prospective observational evidence on associations between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and chronic disease outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence across prospective observational studies. The data sources used were PubMed and MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and screening of references. We included all prospective observational studies that evaluated the association between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of T2D, CVD, cancer, and mortality among adults (≥ 18 years). RESULTS A total of 76 publications were identified, including 2,230,443 participants with 60,718 cases of incident T2D, 157,335 CVD cases, 57,759 cancer cases, and 174,435 deaths. An inverse association was observed between higher adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern and risks of T2D (RR, 0.82 [95% CI: 0.77-0.86]), CVD (0.90 [0.85-0.94]), cancer (0.91 [0.87-0.96]), and all-cause mortality (0.84 [0.78-0.92]) with moderate to high heterogeneity across studies (I2 ranged: 47.8-95.4%). The inverse associations with T2D, CVD and cancer were strengthened when healthy plant-based foods, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and legumes, were emphasized in the definition of plant-based dietary patterns (T2D: 0.79 [0.72-0.87]; CVD: 0.85 [0.80-0.92]; cancer: 0.86 [0.80-0.92]; I2 ranged: 53.1-84.1%). Association for mortality was largely similar when the analyses were restricted to healthy plant-based diets (0.86 [0.80-0.92], I2 = 91.9%). In contrast, unhealthy plant-based diets were positively associated with these disease outcomes. Among four studies that examined changes in dietary patterns, increased adherence to plant-based dietary patterns was associated with a significantly reduced risk of T2D (0.83 [0.71-0.96]; I2 = 71.5%) and a marginally lower risk of mortality (0.95 [0.91-1.00]; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Better adherence to plant-based dietary patterns, especially those emphasizing healthy plant-based foods, is beneficial for lowering the risks of major chronic conditions, including T2D, CVD, cancer, as well as premature deaths. REGISTRATION OF REVIEW PROTOCOL This review was registered at the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ) with the registration number CRD42022290202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeli Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Binkai Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Han Han
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Kabir MH, Rahman SA, Kamruzzaman M. General and abdominal obesity and dietary nutrient intake among university students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study targeting potential risk factors. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:587-597. [PMID: 37739710 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The overall national increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity has emerged among university students in Bangladesh. Though, poor dietary habits and lifestyle is quite common among university students, their dietary nutrient intake level, obesity prevalence and potential risk factors has hitherto given little priority. This study aimed to understand the prevalence and factors associated with general and abdominal obesity and level of dietary nutrient intake among university students in Bangladesh. METHODS Data from 320 unselected tertiary level students (81.6% males, 18.4% females; average age 22.7±3.0, BMI 22.4±3.1 and waist-hip ratio (WHR) 0.88 ± 0.1) was collected randomly, in a single visit, from Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh. Basic demographic and anthropometric information were collected. Twenty-four hour (24H) dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect dietary nutrient level retrospectively. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and binomial logistic regression analysis were done. RESULTS Around 3% and 42% student were reported to be obese and overweight respectively. Whereas abdominal obesity was prevalent among ∼52% and more than 67% of student were reportedly obese/overweight by either BMI or WHR or WHtR category. Energy and carbohydrate (CHO) intake were reported to be significantly higher (P < 0.05) among overweight who born by C-section delivery and were fed formula milk than those were normal weight and born by vaginal-birth and were breastfed. The overweight individual with a history of preterm birth was reported to intake significantly higher (P < 0.05) carbohydrates compared to normal-weight individuals with a history of term birth. While total fat intake was significantly higher (P < 0.05) among overweight individuals with their mother had gestational diabetes than those with normal weight individuals with mother without gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS General and abdominal obesity is common among university students and possibly associated with mode of birth, gestational duration, gestational diabetes, and breastfeeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Humayan Kabir
- Dept. of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Arafat Rahman
- Dept. of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamruzzaman
- Dept. of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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10
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Kazura W, Michalczyk K, Stygar D. The Relationship between the Source of Dietary Animal Fats and Proteins and the Gut Microbiota Condition and Obesity in Humans. Nutrients 2023; 15:3082. [PMID: 37513500 PMCID: PMC10385089 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between gut microbiota and obesity is well documented in humans and animal models. Dietary factors can change the intestinal microbiota composition and influence obesity development. However, knowledge of how diet, metabolism, and intestinal microbiota interact and modulate energy metabolism and obesity development is still limited. Epidemiological studies show a link between consuming dietary proteins and fats from specific sources and obesity. Animal studies confirm that proteins and fats of different origins differ in their ability to prevent or induce obesity. Protein sources, such as meat, dairy products, vegetables, pulses, and seafood, vary in their amino acid composition. In addition, the type and level of other factors, such as fatty acids or persistent organic pollutants, vary depending on the source of dietary protein. All these factors can modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and, thus, may influence obesity development. This review summarizes selected evidence of how proteins and fats of different origins affect energy efficiency, obesity development, and intestinal microbiota, linking protein and fat-dependent changes in the intestinal microbiota with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kazura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana Street 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Michalczyk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana Street 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana Street 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- SLU University Animal Hospital, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Meng Y, Meng Q, Li C, Wang M, Li S, Ying J, Zheng H, Bai S, Xue Y, Shen Q. A comparison between partially peeled hulless barley and whole grain hulless barley: beneficial effects on the regulation of serum glucose and the gut microbiota in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:886-898. [PMID: 36537611 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Though the hypoglycemic effect of whole grain hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been documented, whether glucose metabolism would be improved by hulless barley with moderate peeling is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in glucose metabolism and gut microbiota between partially (10%) peeled hulless barley (PHB) and whole grain hulless barley (WHB) intervention in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet. The results showed that both PHB and WHB interventions significantly improved the impaired glucose tolerance, fat accumulation in fat and liver tissues, and the impaired intestinal barrier in mice. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota was improved and the relative abundance of some beneficial bacteria such as genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Ileibacterium, and norank_f__Mutibaculaceae was increased by both, PHB and WHB, interventions. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Bifidobacterium was negatively correlated with the area under the blood glucose curve. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that hulless barley improved the gut microbiota and impaired glucose tolerance in mice, and also showed that there was little loss of hypoglycemic effect even when hulless barley was moderately peeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Meng
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Qingjia Meng
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China.
| | - Chang Li
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Mengqian Wang
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China.
| | - Siqi Li
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Ying
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.
| | - Shuqun Bai
- COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100020, P.R. China.
| | - Yong Xue
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China. .,National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qun Shen
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fruits and Vegetables, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China. .,National Center of Technology Innovation (Deep Processing of Highland Barley) in Food Industry, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Grain Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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12
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Temple NJ. Research strategies in nutrition in health and disease: The failure of mechanistic research. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1082182. [PMID: 36742421 PMCID: PMC9893282 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1082182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper critically evaluates different research methods in order to assess their value for establishing which dietary changes are most effective for protecting health and preventing disease. The evidence demonstrates that the combined use of observational studies (mainly cohort studies) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is the most successful strategy. Studies of the details of body mechanisms in health and disease (mechanistic research) is another commonly used research strategy. However, much evidence demonstrates that it is a far less successful strategy. In order to support the above conclusions research studies from the following areas are discussed: obesity and dietary fat; heart disease and saturated fat; the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease; type 2 diabetes and dietary fiber; and cancer and micronutrients. While mechanistic research has a poor track record in nutrition, it has achieved some success in other areas of biomedical science. This is shown by examining the role of mechanistic research in the discovery of new drugs.
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13
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Dairy Food Consumption Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Heart Disease Mortality, but Not All-Cause and Cancer Mortality in US Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020394. [PMID: 36678263 PMCID: PMC9864953 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence has linked animal protein intake, including dairy foods, with an increased risk in mortality from all-causes and certain chronic diseases, including cancer and heart disease. The objective of the current analysis was to examine associations between total dairy consumption with mortality from all-causes, cancer, and heart disease. Data for adults (≥19 y; n = 54,830) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and NHANES 1999-2014 were linked with mortality data through 2015. Individual usual intake for dairy foods were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method. Hazard ratio (HR) models were fit for mortality types (all cause, cancer, heart disease) and measures of usual intakes of dairy. Multivariable analysis further adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, waist circumference, smoking status, education level, chronic condition status (i.e., based on cancer, myocardial infarct, and diabetes/diabetes medication reported), weight loss attempts, and % kcal from animal protein. No associations were seen between dairy food intake and mortality risk from all-causes [HR = 0.97; confidence intervals (CI): 0.85-1.11; p = 0.67], and cancer [HR = 0.95; CI: 0.75-1.20; p = 0.65] when comparing the lowest quartile to the highest quartile of consumption. Dairy food consumption was associated with a 26% reduced risk for heart disease mortality when comparing the lowest quartile to the highest quartile [HR = 0.74; CI: 0.54-1.01; p = 0.05]. Further analyses in different age groups showed that dairy food consumption was associated with 39% and 31% reduced risk for heart disease mortality in older adults 51-70 and ≥51 y, respectively [adults 51-70 y: HR = 0.61; CI: 0.41-0.91; p = 0.01; adults ≥51 y: HR = 0.69; CI: 0.54-0.89; p = 0.004]. These results contradict previous findings that have linked dairy foods to increased mortality risk. Further, dairy foods as part of a healthy dietary pattern, may help lower heart disease mortality risk.
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14
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Forte M, Rodolico D, Ameri P, Catalucci D, Chimenti C, Crotti L, Schirone L, Pingitore A, Torella D, Iacovone G, Valenti V, Schiattarella GG, Perrino C, Sciarretta S. Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary interventions in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 24:e3-e14. [PMID: 36729582 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases still represent a major cause of mortality worldwide. In addition to pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions can also be adopted for the prevention of these morbid conditions. Lifestyle changes include exercise and dietary restriction protocols, such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, which were shown to delay cardiovascular ageing and elicit health-promoting effects in preclinical models of cardiometabolic diseases. Beneficial effects are mediated by the restoration of multiple molecular mechanisms in heart and vessels that are compromised by metabolic stress. Exercise and dietary restriction rescue mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. They also improve autophagy. The result of these effects is a marked improvement of vascular and heart function. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of exercise and dietary restriction in models of diabetes and obesity. We also discuss clinical studies and gap in animal-to-human translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Forte
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli
| | - Daniele Rodolico
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome
| | - Pietro Ameri
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- Humanitas Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rozzano.,National Research Council, Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research - UOS, Milan
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
| | - Lia Crotti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Milano-Bicocca, Milan
| | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina
| | - Annachiara Pingitore
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery 'Paride Stefanini' Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Daniele Torella
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro
| | | | | | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina
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15
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Damigou E, Kosti RI, Panagiotakos DB. White Meat Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Review of Recent Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245213. [PMID: 36558372 PMCID: PMC9781954 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the association between meat consumption and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been extensively investigated, studies focusing specifically on the relationship between white meat consumption and CVD risk factors are fewer with controversial findings. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between white meat consumption and the incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed articles was conducted from 2010 to 2022 (1 November), according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Thirteen prospective cohort studies were selected studying mainly poultry, with the exception of one study that also analyzed rabbit meat. From the seven studies on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, four studies found no association, two studies found positive associations, and two studies found inverse associations when comparing poultry to other meats. Of the two studies on the risk of hypertension, one observed no association and one a positive association. Of the two studies on weight management, one observed a positive association with weight gain, the other study observed the same relationship only for chicken with skin, while for chicken without skin a positive relationship with relative weight loss was found. As for metabolic syndrome and its components, two studies revealed inverse associations with white meat intake. Only fresh lean white meat consumption seems to have potential beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. Future research should scrutinize consumption habits related to white meat intake when investigating its association with cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Damigou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 176 76 Athens, Greece
| | - Rena I. Kosti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 382 21 Trikala, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 176 76 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
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16
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Kohli A, Pandey RM, Siddhu A, Reddy KS. Development of a diet pattern assessment tool for coronary heart disease risk reduction. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2022; 4:100317. [PMID: 36193539 PMCID: PMC9526230 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Existing diet indices have gaps including neglect of the patterns of intake known to affect the final metabolic impact and use of measurement units prone to reporting error, and have applicability that is limited to specific populations. This study sought to develop a tool for diet-pattern assessment (Prudent Approach to Cardiovascular Epidemic, for Indians – Diet Quality Index (iPACE-DQI)) to reduce diet-related coronary-heart-disease (CHD) risk. Study design The iPACE-DQI was developed on a 0–100 points scale (higher numeric value healthier). A proof-of-concept analysis was done to examine its construct validity and relation with risk-markers. Methods Development of iPACE-DQI was partly guided by ‘prudent diet’ principles, with assessment focus on quality, quantity, and the pattern of intake. In the second part of the study, construct validity was evaluated by association of iPACE-DQI score with nutrients. Further, relationship of the score with risk-markers high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP), body-mass-index(BMI) and body-fat-percent was examined at single-point-in-time (baseline), and predictive ability of score change on hs-CRP change was evaluated in a proof-of-concept 12-weeks pre-post intervention, among free-living Indians (25–44years,n = 55) in an urban setting. Results The iPACE-DQI consists of eight main components. Associations of iPACE-DQI score with mean daily intake of key nutrients were robust and in expected direction [total-dietary-fiber (r = 0.5, p < 0.001), crude-fiber (r = 0.6, p < 0.001), protein (r = 0.5, p < 0.001), total-fat (r = −0.4, p = 0.002), vitamin-C (r = 0.5, p < 0.001), total-carbohydrate (r = 0.3, p = 0.017)]. Trends of hs-CRP, BMI and body-fat-percent across increasing diet-pattern score showed highest degree of abnormality in lowest tertile (≤35). Logistic regression model indicated higher likelihood for hs-CRP reduction (OR: 1.6, 95% CI 0.5–4.9) among those with ≥20% increase in iPACE-DQI score as compared with <20% increase or no-increase over 12-weeks Conclusion The iPACE-DQI is a 100-point scale that assesses diet-pattern with respect to CHD-risk. The proposed tool could be useful for researchers/health practitioners to track diet-pattern change and concomitant CHD-risk reduction.
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17
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Ogilvie AR, Schlussel Y, Sukumar D, Meng L, Shapses SA. Higher protein intake during caloric restriction improves diet quality and attenuates loss of lean body mass. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1411-1419. [PMID: 35538903 PMCID: PMC9256776 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher protein intake during weight loss is associated with better health outcomes, but whether this is because of improved diet quality is not known. The purpose of this study was to examine how the change in self-selected protein intake during caloric restriction (CR) alters diet quality and lean body mass (LBM). METHODS In this analysis of pooled data from multiple weight loss trials, 207 adults with overweight or obesity were examined before and during 6 months of CR (approximately 10 food records/person). Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index in 2 groups: lower (LP) and higher (HP) protein intake. RESULTS Participants (mean [SD], 54 [11] years; 29 [4] kg/m2 ) lost 5.0% (5.4%) of weight. Protein intake was 79 (9) g/d (1.0 [0.2] g/kg/d) and 58 (6) g/d (0.8 [0.1] g/kg/d) in the HP and LP groups, respectively (p < 0.05), and there was an attenuated LBM (kilograms) loss in the HP (-0.6% [1.5%]) compared with the LP (-1.2% [1.4%]) group (p < 0.01). The increased Healthy Eating Index score in the HP compared with the LP group was attributed to greater total protein and green vegetable intake and reduced refined grain and added-sugar intake (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increasing dietary protein during CR improves diet quality and may be another reason for reduced LBM, but it requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Ogilvie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yvette Schlussel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deeptha Sukumar
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lingqiong Meng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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18
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Jardon KM, Canfora EE, Goossens GH, Blaak EE. Dietary macronutrients and the gut microbiome: a precision nutrition approach to improve cardiometabolic health. Gut 2022; 71:1214-1226. [PMID: 35135841 PMCID: PMC9120404 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is an important regulator of body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammatory processes, and may thereby play a key role in the aetiology of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Interindividual responsiveness to specific dietary interventions may be partially determined by differences in baseline gut microbiota composition and functionality between individuals with distinct metabolic phenotypes. However, the relationship between an individual's diet, gut microbiome and host metabolic phenotype is multidirectional and complex, yielding a challenge for practical implementation of targeted dietary guidelines. In this review, we discuss the latest research describing interactions between dietary composition, the gut microbiome and host metabolism. Furthermore, we describe how this knowledge can be integrated to develop precision-based nutritional strategies to improve bodyweight control and metabolic health in humans. Specifically, we will address that (1) insight in the role of the baseline gut microbial and metabolic phenotype in dietary intervention response may provide leads for precision-based nutritional strategies; that (2) the balance between carbohydrate and protein fermentation by the gut microbiota, as well as the site of fermentation in the colon, seems important determinants of host metabolism; and that (3) 'big data', including multiple omics and advanced modelling, are of undeniable importance in predicting (non-)response to dietary interventions. Clearly, detailed metabolic and microbial phenotyping in humans is necessary to better understand the link between diet, the gut microbiome and host metabolism, which is required to develop targeted dietary strategies and guidelines for different subgroups of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Jardon
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands,TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emanuel E Canfora
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands .,TiFN, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, Hu FB, Kris-Etherton PM, Rebholz CM, Sacks FM, Thorndike AN, Van Horn L, Wylie-Rosett J. 2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021; 144:e472-e487. [PMID: 34724806 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor diet quality is strongly associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. This scientific statement emphasizes the importance of dietary patterns beyond individual foods or nutrients, underscores the critical role of nutrition early in life, presents elements of heart-healthy dietary patterns, and highlights structural challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns. Evidence-based dietary pattern guidance to promote cardiometabolic health includes the following: (1) adjust energy intake and expenditure to achieve and maintain a healthy body weight; (2) eat plenty and a variety of fruits and vegetables; (3) choose whole grain foods and products; (4) choose healthy sources of protein (mostly plants; regular intake of fish and seafood; low-fat or fat-free dairy products; and if meat or poultry is desired, choose lean cuts and unprocessed forms); (5) use liquid plant oils rather than tropical oils and partially hydrogenated fats; (6) choose minimally processed foods instead of ultra-processed foods; (7) minimize the intake of beverages and foods with added sugars; (8) choose and prepare foods with little or no salt; (9) if you do not drink alcohol, do not start; if you choose to drink alcohol, limit intake; and (10) adhere to this guidance regardless of where food is prepared or consumed. Challenges that impede adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns include targeted marketing of unhealthy foods, neighborhood segregation, food and nutrition insecurity, and structural racism. Creating an environment that facilitates, rather than impedes, adherence to heart-healthy dietary patterns among all individuals is a public health imperative.
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20
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Lim CGY, Whitton C, Rebello SA, van Dam RM. Diet Quality and Lower Refined Grain Consumption are Associated With Less Weight Gain in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Adult Population. J Nutr 2021; 151:2372-2382. [PMID: 33978192 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity is increasing in many Asian countries. However, longitudinal data on the impacts of dietary factors on weight gain in Asian populations are sparse. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the relationship between changes in intakes of nutrients, foods, and beverages and diet quality and long-term changes in body weight. METHODS We used data (n = 3064) from the Singapore Multi-Ethnic Cohort, a prospective cohort including Chinese, Indian, and Malay residents aged 21-65 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using an FFQ, and body weight and waist circumference were measured during health examinations. Diet quality was evaluated using the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) scores. Data were collected at baseline (2004-2010) and follow-up (2011-2016), with a mean follow-up of 6.0 years. Linear regression was used to assess the associations between dietary changes and weight change, adjusted for socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. RESULTS Improvements in dietary quality scores (DASH, -0.34 kg per 5 points; AHEI-2010, -0.35 kg per 10 points) and replacement of carbohydrates with protein (-0.44 kg per 5% of energy) were significantly associated with less weight gain. Increased intakes of white rice (+0.25 kg per serving/d), soft drinks (+0.69 kg), red meat (+0.58 kg), and poultry with skin (+0.74 kg) were directly associated with weight gain. The replacement of 1 serving per day of white rice with whole grains (-0.68 kg), vegetables (-0.33 kg), poultry without skin (-0.79 kg), and eggs (-0.87 kg) was associated with less weight gain. Similar associations were observed between changes in dietary factors and changes in waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Among Asian adults, increasing dietary quality, reducing soft drink consumption, and replacing white rice with whole grains, vegetables, and selected high-protein foods was associated with less weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie G Y Lim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Whitton
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Salome A Rebello
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Dreher ML. A Comprehensive Review of Almond Clinical Trials on Weight Measures, Metabolic Health Biomarkers and Outcomes, and the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:1968. [PMID: 34201139 PMCID: PMC8229803 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive narrative review of 64 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 14 systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses provides an in-depth analysis of the effect of almonds on weight measures, metabolic health biomarkers and outcomes, and the colonic microbiota, with extensive use of figures and tables. Almonds are a higher energy-dense (ED) food that acts like a lower ED food when consumed. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses of nut RCTs showed that almonds were the only nut that had a small but significant decrease in both mean body mass and fat mass, compared to control diets. The biological mechanisms for almond weight control include enhanced displacement of other foods, decreased macronutrient bioavailability for a lower net metabolizable energy (ME), upregulation of acute signals for reduced hunger, and elevated satiety and increased resting energy expenditure. The intake of 42.5 g/day of almonds significantly lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 10-year Framingham estimated coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and associated cardiovascular disease (CVD) medical expenditures. Diastolic blood pressure (BP) was modestly but significantly lowered when almonds were consumed at >42.5 g/day or for >6 weeks. Recent RCTs suggest possible emerging health benefits for almonds such as enhanced cognitive performance, improved heart rate variability under mental stress, and reduced rate of facial skin aging from exposure to ultraviolet (UV) B radiation. Eight RCTs show that almonds can support colonic microbiota health by promoting microflora richness and diversity, increasing the ratio of symbiotic to pathogenic microflora, and concentrations of health-promoting colonic bioactives. Almonds are a premier healthy snack for precision nutrition diet plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Dreher
- Nutrition Science Solutions, LLC, 900 S Rainbow Ranch Rd, Wimberley, TX 78676, USA
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22
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Mendivil CO. Fish Consumption: A Review of Its Effects on Metabolic and Hormonal Health. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211022378. [PMID: 34158802 PMCID: PMC8182174 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211022378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits are a major determinant of the risk of chronic disease, particularly metabolic and endocrine disorders. Fish as a food group are a unique source of nutrients with metabolic and hormonal importance including omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, selenium, vitamin D, taurine and carnitine. Fish are also a source of high quality protein and have in general low caloric density. The impact of these nutrients on cardiovascular risk has been extensively reviewed, but the impact of fish on the broader field of endocrine and metabolic health is sometimes not sufficiently appreciated. This article aimed to summarize the impact the effect of regular fish consumption on conditions like the metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome and the menopausal transition, which are in and of themselves significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The review revealed that scientific evidence from food science, translational research, epidemiologic studies and interventional trials shows that regular fish consumption has a positive impact on thyroid homeostasis, facilitates maintenance of a healthy body weight, reduces the magnitude of age-associated increases in blood pressure, improves glucose homeostasis helping prevent diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, and has a positive impact on muscle mass preservation among the elderly. These effects are mediated by multiple mechanisms, only some of which have been identified. For most of these effects it holds true that the potential benefits are more substantial when baseline fish consumption is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos O Mendivil
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los
Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of
Internal Medicine, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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23
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Abstract
Consumption of yogurt and other fermented products is associated with
improved health outcomes. Although dairy consumption is included in most
dietary guidelines, there have been few specific recommendations for yogurt
and cultured dairy products. A qualitative systematic review was conducted
to determine the effect of consumption of fermented milk products on
gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health, cancer risk, weight management,
diabetes and metabolic health, and bone density using PRISMA guidelines.
English language papers in PubMed were searched, with no date restrictions.
In total, 1057 abstracts were screened, of which 602 were excluded owing to
lack of appropriate controls, potential biases, and experimental design
issues. The remaining 455 papers were independently reviewed by both authors
and 108 studies were included in the final review. The authors met regularly
to concur, through consensus, on relevance, methods, findings, quality, and
conclusions. The included studies were published between 1979 and 2017. From
the 108 included studies, 76 reported a favorable outcome of fermented milks
on health and 67 of these were considered to be positive or neutral quality
according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’ Quality
Criteria Checklist. Of the 32 remaining studies, the study outcomes were
either not significant (28) or unfavorable (4), and most studies (18) were
of neutral quality. A causal relationship exists between lactose digestion
and tolerance and yogurt consumption, and consistent associations exist
between fermented milk consumption and reduced risk of breast and colorectal
cancer and type 2 diabetes, improved weight maintenance, and improved
cardiovascular, bone, and gastrointestinal health. Further, an association
exists between prostate cancer occurrence and dairy product consumption in
general, with no difference between fermented and unfermented products. This
article argues that yogurt and other fermented milk products provide
favorable health outcomes beyond the milk from which these products are made
and that consumption of these products should be encouraged as part of
national dietary guidelines. Systematic review
registration: PROSPERO registration no.
CRD42017068953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Savaiano
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert W Hutkins
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 258 Food Innovation Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight gain following smoking cessation reduces the incentive to quit, especially among women. Exercise and diet interventions may reduce postcessation weight gain, but their long-term effect has not been estimated in randomized trials. METHODS We estimated the long-term reduction in postcessation weight gain among women under smoking cessation alone or combined with (1) moderate-to-vigorous exercise (15, 30, 45, 60 minutes/day), and (2) exercise and diet modification (≤2 servings/week of unprocessed red meat; ≥5 servings/day of fruits and vegetables; minimal sugar-sweetened beverages, sweets and desserts, potato chips or fried potatoes, and processed red meat). RESULTS Among 10,087 eligible smokers in the Nurses' Health Study and 9,271 in the Nurses' Health Study II, the estimated 10-year mean weights under smoking cessation were 75.0 (95% CI = 74.7, 75.5) kg and 79.0 (78.2, 79.6) kg, respectively. Pooling both cohorts, the estimated postcessation mean weight gain was 4.9 (7.3, 2.6) kg lower under a hypothetical strategy of exercising at least 30 minutes/day and diet modification, and 5.9 (8.0, 3.8) kg lower under exercising at least 60 minutes/day and diet modification, compared with smoking cessation without exercising. CONCLUSIONS In this study, substantial weight gain occurred in women after smoking cessation, but we estimate that exercise and dietary modifications could have averted most of it.
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25
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Cai J, Chen Z, Wu W, Lin Q, Liang Y. High animal protein diet and gut microbiota in human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6225-6237. [PMID: 33724115 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1898336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of the intestinal flora in health and disease has become a research hotspot. Compared with carbohydrates and fats, proteins are metabolized primarily by microbial fermentation in the intestine. The production of protein fermentation products and metabolites depends on the composition, diversity, and metabolism of the gut microbiota. Several protein fermentation products, including indoles, phenols, polyamines, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), amines, and carnitine, are toxic. This study analyzes the relationship between high-protein diets (HPDs), the intestinal microbiota, and human health and disease. Long-term HPDs increase the risk of intestinal diseases, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obesity, central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by producing toxic metabolites in the colon, including amines, H2S, and ammonia. Short-term HPDs have little effect on the metabolism of healthy individuals under 65 years old. However, meeting the protein requirements of individuals over 65 years old using HPDs is more challenging. The adverse effects of HPDs on athletes are minimal. Natural compounds (plant extracts, whose main constituents are polysaccharides and polyphenols), prebiotics, probiotics, and regular physical exercise improve gut dysbiosis and reduce disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongxu Chen
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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26
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Ikhajiagbe B, Ogwu MC, Ogochukwu OF, Odozi EB, Adekunle IJ, Omage ZE. The place of neglected and underutilized legumes in human nutrition and protein security in Nigeria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3930-3938. [PMID: 33455427 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1871319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The enormous effects of food insecurity have worsened in Nigeria and are further heightened by internal conflicts combined with ongoing climate change impacts such as drought and floods. Moreover, food availability is affected by economic challenges especially a weakening of foreign exchange and fiscal revenues, which has reduced the rate of food importation and increased local prices. Furthermore, the geometric increase in population especially in the last five decades has placed enormous pressure on the limited food resources, making it more challenging for agricultural and food systems to sustainably meet local food needs. Put together, these indices are contributing significantly to undernourishment. The huge local legume resources if properly harnessed can contribute toward addressing food insecurity. However, most of the legumes are included in the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization list of underutilized crops. Also, there is an over-reliance on food high in calorie in Nigeria, which is discouraged by nutritionists worldwide. Plant-based protein from legumes is necessary for effective metabolism and human wellbeing. This work highlights the benefits of the sustainable utilization of neglected and underutilized legume resources in Nigeria. The work discusses potential solutions for food insecurity as well as avenues for improving human nutrition and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beckley Ikhajiagbe
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Matthew Chidozie Ogwu
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.,School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino - Center for Floristic Research of the Apennine, Barisciano, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Efeota Bright Odozi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Isaac Johnson Adekunle
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Zipporah Emilomo Omage
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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27
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Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Dybing K, Kuda O, Holbech Jensen BA, Rossmeisl M, Frøyland L, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3038. [PMID: 33022997 PMCID: PMC7600456 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fillets from marine fish species contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the form of phospholipids (PLs). To investigate the importance of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs in mediating the anti-obesogenic effect of lean seafood, we compared the anti-obesogenic properties of fillets from cod with fillets from pangasius, a fresh water fish with a very low content of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs. We prepared high-fat/high-protein diets using chicken, cod and pangasius as the protein sources, and fed male C57BL/6J mice these diets for 12 weeks. Mice fed the diet containing cod gained less adipose tissue mass and had smaller white adipocytes than mice fed the chicken-containing diet, whereas mice fed the pangasius-containing diet were in between mice fed the chicken-containing diet and mice fed the cod-containing diet. Of note, mice fed the pangasius-containing diet exhibited reduced glucose tolerance compared to mice fed the cod-containing diet. Although the sum of marine n-3 PUFAs comprised less than 2% of the total fatty acids in the cod-containing diet, this was sufficient to significantly increase the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in mouse tissues and enhance production of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as compared with mice fed pangasius or chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Karianne Dybing
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (O.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Benjamin Anderschou Holbech Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (O.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Livar Frøyland
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
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28
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Gress TW, Mansoor K, Rayyan YM, Khthir RA, Tayyem RF, Tzamaloukas AH, Abraham NG, Shapiro JI, Khitan ZJ. Relationship between dietary sodium and sugar intake: A cross-sectional study of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2016. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 22:1694-1702. [PMID: 32762131 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dietary sodium intake and cardiovascular outcomes have a reported J-shaped curve relationship. This study analyzes the relationship between dietary sodium and sugar intake as a potential mechanism to explain this association. The authors examined cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2016 where dietary sodium, carbohydrate, fat, cholesterol, and sugar intakes were assessed by 24-hour dietary recall and were standardized to a total daily intake of 2000 calories. Sodium intake was categorized into sodium quintiles (SQ) as follows: SQ1(0.06-2.6 g/d); SQ2(2.6-3.0 g/d); SQ3(3.0-3.4 g/d); SQ4(3.4-4.0 g/d); and SQ5(4.0-29.3 g/d). Simple and multivariate linear regression using SQ3 as reference were used to assess associations between daily sodium intake and the other nutrients. Our results showed that among 38 722 participants that met our study criteria, the mean age was 43.6 years (SD 16.8 years) and sex was equally distributed (48.8% male vs 51.2% female). Sugar intake went down across increasing SQs and was significantly higher in SQ1 (141.2 g/d) and SQ2 (118.6 g/d) and significantly lower in SQ4 (97.9 g/d) and SQ5 (85.6 g/d) compared to SQ3 (108.6 g/d; all P < .01). These same trends remained unchanged and significant in the fully adjusted multivariate model. In conclusion, NHANES study participants reporting low sodium intake on 24-hour dietary recall have a higher consumption of sugar. The negative impact of low sodium diet on cardiovascular health may be explained at least partially by the associated high sugar intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Gress
- Internal Medicine Department, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA.,Hershel "Woody" Williams VA Medical Center, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kanaan Mansoor
- Internal Medicine Department, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Yaser M Rayyan
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rodhan A Khthir
- Internal Medicine Department, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Reema F Tayyem
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Antonios H Tzamaloukas
- Internal Medicine Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Joseph I Shapiro
- Internal Medicine Department, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Zeid J Khitan
- Internal Medicine Department, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
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29
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Dreher ML, Ford NA. A Comprehensive Critical Assessment of Increased Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Weight Loss in Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071919. [PMID: 32610460 PMCID: PMC7399879 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
No previous reviews or meta-analyses have specifically assessed the effects of increased fruit and vegetable (FV) intake on weight loss with a primary focus on women. Several studies show differences between men and women in how increased FV intake affects their weight loss and maintenance, risk of becoming overweight or obese, and the influence of eating speed and frequency on weight control. This analysis provides a comprehensive and visual assessment of the effects of increasing FV intake and long-term weight change from observational studies and weight loss from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in women. Consistent evidence from prospective studies and RCTs shows that increased intake of FV is a chief contributor to weight loss in women. This effect is enhanced with concurrent dietary restriction of high energy density (ED) or high-fat foods. Yet, the type of FV differentially impacts weight loss in women. Whole FV intake may influence weight through a variety of mechanisms including a reduction in eating rate, providing a satisfying, very-low to low energy density, low glycemic load or low-fat content. Also, FV are the primary source of dietary fiber, which can provide additional support for weight loss in women when consumed at adequate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Dreher
- Nutrition Science Solutions, LLC, 900 S Rainbow Ranch Rd, Wimberley, TX 78676, USA;
| | - Nikki A. Ford
- Avocado Nutrition Center, 25212 Marguerite Pkwy Ste. 250, Mission Viejo, CA 92692, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-949-341-3250
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30
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San-Cristobal R, Navas-Carretero S, Martínez-González MÁ, Ordovas JM, Martínez JA. Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:305-320. [PMID: 32235875 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The specific metabolic contribution of consuming different energy-yielding macronutrients (namely, carbohydrates, protein and lipids) to obesity is a matter of active debate. In this Review, we summarize the current research concerning associations between the intake of different macronutrients and weight gain and adiposity. We discuss insights into possible differential mechanistic pathways where macronutrients might act on either appetite or adipogenesis to cause weight gain. We also explore the role of dietary macronutrient distribution on thermogenesis or energy expenditure for weight loss and maintenance. On the basis of the data discussed, we describe a novel way to manage excessive body weight; namely, prescribing personalized diets with different macronutrient compositions according to the individual's genotype and/or enterotype. In this context, the interplay of macronutrient consumption with obesity incidence involves mechanisms that affect appetite, thermogenesis and metabolism, and the outcomes of these mechanisms are altered by an individual's genotype and microbiota. Indeed, the interactions of the genetic make-up and/or microbiota features of a person with specific macronutrient intakes or dietary pattern consumption help to explain individualized responses to macronutrients and food patterns, which might represent key factors for comprehensive precision nutrition recommendations and personalized obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain.
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José María Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Nutritional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity Fundation IMDEA Food, Campus of International Excellence, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Alfredo Martínez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Campus of International Excellence (CEI) UAM+CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Area de Fisiologia de la Obesidad y la Nutricion, Madrid, Spain
- IdisNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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31
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Abstract
The effect of dietary fats on cardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, has generated tremendous interest. Many earlier investigations focused on total fat and conventional fat classes (such as saturated and unsaturated fats) and their influence on a limited number of risk factors. However, dietary fats comprise heterogeneous molecules with diverse structures, and growing research in the past two decades supports correspondingly complex health effects of individual dietary fats. Moreover, health effects of dietary fats might be modified by additional factors, such as accompanying nutrients and food-processing methods, emphasizing the importance of the food sources. Accordingly, the rapidly increasing scientific findings on dietary fats and cardiometabolic diseases have generated debate among scientists, caused confusion for the general public and present challenges for translation into dietary advice and policies. This Review summarizes the evidence on the effects of different dietary fats and their food sources on cell function and on risk factors and clinical events of cardiometabolic diseases. The aim is not to provide an exhaustive review but rather to focus on the most important evidence from randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies and to highlight current areas of controversy and the most relevant future research directions for understanding how to improve the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases through optimization of dietary fat intake.
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32
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Mozaffarian D. Dietary and policy priorities to reduce the global crises of obesity and diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s43016-019-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Adherence to the healthy eating guide issued by the Sociedad Española de Nutrición Comunitaria (SENC) (2018) among non-institutionalized elderly in Santander, Spain. NUTR HOSP 2020; 37:933-943. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Konieczna J, Romaguera D, Pereira V, Fiol M, Razquin C, Estruch R, Asensio EM, Babio N, Fitó M, Gómez-Gracia E, Ros E, Lapetra J, Arós F, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Toledo E, Sorlí JV, Bulló M, Schröder H, Martínez-González MA. Longitudinal association of changes in diet with changes in body weight and waist circumference in subjects at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:139. [PMID: 31882021 PMCID: PMC6935084 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of certain foods is associated with long-term weight gains and abdominal fat accumulation in healthy, middle-aged and young, non-obese participants. Whether the same foods might be associated with changes in adiposity in elderly population at high cardiovascular risk is less known. OBJECTIVE Using yearly repeated measurements of both food habits and adiposity parameters, we aimed to investigate how changes in the consumption of specific foods were associated with concurrent changes in weight or waist circumference (WC) in the PREDIMED trial. DESIGN We followed-up 7009 participants aged 55-70 years at high cardiovascular risk for a median time of 4.8 years. A validated 137-item semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was used for dietary assessment with yearly repeated measurements. We longitudinally assessed associations between yearly changes in food consumption (serving/d) and concurrent changes in weight (kg) or WC (cm). RESULTS Yearly increments in weight were observed with increased consumption (kg per each additional increase in 1 serving/d) for refined grains (0.32 kg/serving/d), red meat (0.24), potatoes (0.23), alcoholic beverages (0.18), processed meat (0.15), white bread (0.07) and sweets (0.04); whereas inverse associations were detected for increased consumption of low-fat yogurt (- 0.18), and low-fat milk (- 0.06). Annual WC gain (cm per each additional increase in 1 serving/d) occurred with increased consumption of snacks, fast-foods and pre-prepared dishes (0.28), processed meat (0.18), alcoholic beverages (0.13), and sweets (0.08); whereas increased consumption of vegetables (- 0.23), and nuts (- 0.17), were associated with reductions in WC. CONCLUSIONS In this assessment conducted in high-risk subjects using yearly repeated measurements of food habits and adiposity, some ultra-processed foods, refined carbohydrates (including white bread), potatoes, red meats and alcohol were associated with higher weight and WC gain, whereas increases in consumption of low-fat dairy products and plant foods were associated with less gain in weight and WC. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered at controlled-trials.com with International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 35739639. Registration date: 5 October 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Konieczna
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, Bldg I, Floor -1, Ctra de Valldemossa 79, 07120, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, Bldg I, Floor -1, Ctra de Valldemossa 79, 07120, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain. .,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Veronica Pereira
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, Bldg I, Floor -1, Ctra de Valldemossa 79, 07120, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Fiol
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University Hospital Son Espases, Bldg I, Floor -1, Ctra de Valldemossa 79, 07120, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Razquin
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31080, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva M Asensio
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgil. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia. Unitat de Nutrició Humana, IISPV, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Familiy Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Preventive Medicine Service, Centro Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canarian Health Service, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31080, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - José V Sorlí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Monica Bulló
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgil. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia. Unitat de Nutrició Humana, IISPV, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Institut Hospital del Mar d' Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31080, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mariotti F. Animal and Plant Protein Sources and Cardiometabolic Health. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S351-S366. [PMID: 31728490 PMCID: PMC6855969 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The sources or types of protein in the diet have long been overlooked regarding their link to cardiometabolic health. The picture is complicated by the fact that animal and plant proteins are consumed along with other nutrients and substances which make up the "protein package" so plant and animal protein come with clear nutrient clusters. This review aimed at deciphering the relation between plant and animal protein and cardiometabolic health by examining different nutritional levels (such as amino acids, protein type, protein foods, protein patterns, and associated overall dietary and nutrient patterns) and varying levels of scientific evidence [basic science, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational data]. Plant protein in Western countries is a robust marker of nutrient adequacy of the diet, whereas the contribution of animal protein is highly heterogeneous. Yet recent data from large cohorts have confirmed that total and animal proteins are associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, even when fully adjusting for lifestyle and dietary or nutritional factors. Here again, there is marked variability depending on the type of animal protein. Protein from processed red meat and total red meat on the one hand, and from legumes, nuts, and seeds on the other, are often reported at the extremes of the risk range. RCTs using purified proteins have contributed little to the topic to date, inasmuch as the findings cannot readily be extrapolated to current or near-future diets, but RCTs studying whole protein foods have shown a beneficial effect of pulses. Despite the fact that many of the benefits of plant protein reported in observational or interventional studies may stem from the protein package that they convey and the nutrients that they displace, there are also important indications that protein per se may affect cardiometabolic health via the many amino acids that are present in typically contrasting levels in plant compared with animal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mariotti
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005, Paris, France
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36
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Katz Sand I, Benn EKT, Fabian M, Fitzgerald KC, Digga E, Deshpande R, Miller A, Gallo S, Arab L. Randomized-controlled trial of a modified Mediterranean dietary program for multiple sclerosis: A pilot study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 36:101403. [PMID: 31610401 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high level of interest in the potential role of diet among the MS community. There is a limited level of evidence for a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern in MS; the feasibility of conducting studies using educational tools to deliver this type of intervention and study its effects is unknown. OBJECTIVES To establish clinical trial feasibility for future studies utilizing educational delivery of a dietary intervention in MS; to explore the effects of a modified Mediterranean dietary intervention in MS. METHODS We randomly assigned women with MS to follow/not follow the prescribed modified Mediterranean dietary intervention for 6 months, delivered through educational sessions. The diet encouraged the intake of fish and other foods high in poly- and monounsaturated fats, fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and eliminated meat, dairy, and most processed foods and limited salt intake to <2 g/day. Primary endpoints related to meeting target enrollment within the specified time frame, adherence, and study completion. Clinical endpoints were evaluated in an exploratory fashion. RESULTS We screened 128 potential participants and enrolled 36 within 9 months, surpassing target enrollment of 30 participants at a single center in 1 year. Self-reported adherence was excellent (90.3%), with an overall study completion rate of 94.4%. The intervention group exhibited a statistically significant decline in the trajectory of Neurological Fatigue Index-MS scores (p = 0.01), a trend toward reduced Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 scores that became significant after outlier removal (p = 0.12; p = 0.023), and a reduction in Expanded Disability Status Scale (p = 0.01) over time as compared to the non-intervention group. CONCLUSIONS It is reasonable to expect a high level of interest and commitment to this type of dietary intervention study in MS, and feasible to deliver it purely through education in a clinical setting with high adherence levels despite restrictive requirements. In this pilot study, a modified Mediterranean dietary intervention reduced fatigue, impact of MS symptoms, and disability. Further work is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Katz Sand
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States.
| | - Emma K T Benn
- Center for Biostatistics and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Michelle Fabian
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | | | - Elise Digga
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Richa Deshpande
- Center for Biostatistics and Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Aaron Miller
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
| | - Samantha Gallo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Mount Sinai Hospital, United States
| | - Lenore Arab
- Department of Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, United States
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37
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Qian F, Liu G, Hu FB, Bhupathiraju SN, Sun Q. Association Between Plant-Based Dietary Patterns and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 2019; 179:1335-1344. [PMID: 31329220 PMCID: PMC6646993 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Accumulating epidemiologic evidence has suggested favorable associations between plant-based dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes, although there is a lack of a quantitative summary of evidence substantiating this important association. OBJECTIVE To quantitatively synthesize available prospective observational evidence on the association between plant-based dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes. DATA SOURCES A systematic search of PubMed and MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and reference lists through February 15, 2019, was conducted. Data analysis was conducted between December 2018 and February 2019. STUDY SELECTION All prospective observational studies that examined the association between adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and incidence of type 2 diabetes among adults 18 years or older were identified. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for data abstraction and reporting were followed, and a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute assessment tool was used to evaluate study quality. Two authors independently conducted full-text assessments and data abstraction. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects method to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) and 95% CI. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Level of adherence to a plant-based diet and incidence of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS A total of 9 studies were identified, totaling 307 099 participants with 23 544 cases of incident type 2 diabetes. A significant inverse association was observed between higher adherence to a plant-based dietary pattern and risk of type 2 diabetes (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.71-0.84) in comparison with poorer adherence, with modest heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 44.5%; P = .07 for heterogeneity). Similar findings were obtained when using the fixed-effects model (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.75-0.84). Consistent associations were observed across predefined subgroups. This association was strengthened when healthy plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts, were included in the definition of plant-based patterns (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62-0.79). Most studies were deemed to have good quality in terms of dietary assessment, disease outcomes, and statistical adjustment for confounding factors. Using restricted cubic splines, a significant inverse linear dose-response association was identified between plant-based dietary indices and risk of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Plant-based dietary patterns, especially when they are enriched with healthful plant-based foods, may be beneficial for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Qian
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shilpa N Bhupathiraju
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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38
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Jafari M, Izadi A, Dehghan P, Mojtahedi SY. Dietary diversities score and anthropometric characteristics in Iranian elementary school children. Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:8339. [PMID: 31579479 PMCID: PMC6767834 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary diversity scoring is a good method to assess quality of individual's diet. The study aimed to investigate the association between dietary diversity and body mass index among elementary school students in the south of Tehran, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on elementary school students, age range of 7-12 years old, in 2015. Data were collected using a personal information questionnaire and three 24-h recall questionnaires. Dietary diversity score was calculated from the number of food groups in these questionnaires. A total of 536 students, 258 (48.1%) female and 278 (51.9%) male, were recruited in the study. The mean age of the students was 9.43 ± 1.73 years. Seafood consumption was more frequent and beans was lower frequent in students at higher BMI (≥95th percentile) than the other children (34% vs 25% and 71% vs 83%, respectively, p<0.05). However, the statistical analysis failed to find significant relationships between children’s body mass index (BMI) with consumption of diary, vegetable, fruits, protein, fat, and junk food intake. The association between children's BMI with seafood and beans consumption confirmed in multivariate analysis (OR= 1.50 and 0.52, respectively, p<0.05). The study finding showed that seafood and beans consumption may influence on elementary student BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Jafari
- Department of pediatric infectious diseases, Bahrami children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Izadi
- Department of pediatric infectious diseases, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paniz Dehghan
- School of Medicine, Ziyaeian Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi
- Department of pediatric nephrology, Bahrami Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bistrian BR. Some Musings About Differential Energy Metabolism With Ketogenic Diets. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019; 43:578-582. [PMID: 31168839 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ketogenic states are of 3 major types: total starvation and those resulting from the consumption of semistarvation, ketogenic diets, and eucaloric ketogenic diets. All are characterized by little or no dietary carbohydrate, resulting in a fat-based metabolism with sustained ketonemia of varying degrees in each state. The latter 2 diets are clinically useful with important impacts on both aspects of the energy balance equation with increased satiety and less hunger on the intake side and probably increased energy expenditure on the output side; both may have important implications for the successful long-term management of obesity. Consideration of older research regarding the hormonal response to carbohydrate-free dieting and recent findings on hepatic glycogen status that occurs with sustained ketonemia support the likelihood that there are profound differences in 24-hour gluconeogenesis rates between ketogenic diets and balanced diets containing substantial carbohydrate. This metabolic distinction could have a meaningful impact to increase the thermic effect of feeding and daily energy expenditure amounting to 100 kcal/d or more with each of the ketogenic diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Bistrian
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Dietary Glycemic Index and Load and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061280. [PMID: 31195724 PMCID: PMC6627334 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Published meta-analyses indicate significant but inconsistent incident type-2 diabetes (T2D)-dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) risk ratios or risk relations (RR). It is now over a decade ago that a published meta-analysis used a predefined standard to identify valid studies. Considering valid studies only, and using random effects dose–response meta-analysis (DRM) while withdrawing spurious results (p < 0.05), we ascertained whether these relations would support nutrition guidance, specifically for an RR > 1.20 with a lower 95% confidence limit >1.10 across typical intakes (approximately 10th to 90th percentiles of population intakes). The combined T2D–GI RR was 1.27 (1.15–1.40) (p < 0.001, n = 10 studies) per 10 units GI, while that for the T2D–GL RR was 1.26 (1.15–1.37) (p < 0.001, n = 15) per 80 g/d GL in a 2000 kcal (8400 kJ) diet. The corresponding global DRM using restricted cubic splines were 1.87 (1.56–2.25) (p < 0.001, n = 10) and 1.89 (1.66–2.16) (p < 0.001, n = 15) from 47.6 to 76.1 units GI and 73 to 257 g/d GL in a 2000 kcal diet, respectively. In conclusion, among adults initially in good health, diets higher in GI or GL were robustly associated with incident T2D. Together with mechanistic and other data, this supports that consideration should be given to these dietary risk factors in nutrition advice. Concerning the public health relevance at the global level, our evidence indicates that GI and GL are substantial food markers predicting the development of T2D worldwide, for persons of European ancestry and of East Asian ancestry.
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The Impact of Different Animal-Derived Protein Sources on Adiposity and Glucose Homeostasis during Ad Libitum Feeding and Energy Restriction in Already Obese Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051153. [PMID: 31126082 PMCID: PMC6567247 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-fat diets and energy restriction are recommended to prevent obesity and to induce weight loss, but high-protein diets are popular alternatives. However, the importance of the protein source in obesity prevention and weight loss is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of different animal protein sources to prevent or reverse obesity by using lean or obese C57BL/6J mice fed high-fat/high-protein or low-fat diets with casein, cod or pork as protein sources. Only the high-fat/high-protein casein-based diet completely prevented obesity development when fed to lean mice. In obese mice, ad libitum intake of a casein-based high-fat/high-protein diet modestly reduced body mass, whereas a pork-based high-fat/high-protein diet aggravated the obese state and reduced lean body mass. Caloric restriction of obese mice fed high-fat/high-protein diets reduced body weight and fat mass and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, irrespective of the protein source. Finally, in obese mice, ad libitum intake of a low-fat diet stabilized body weight, reduced fat mass and increased lean body mass, with the highest loss of fat mass found in mice fed the casein-based diet. Combined with caloric restriction, the casein-based low-fat diet resulted in the highest loss of fat mass. Overall, the dietary protein source has greater impact in obesity prevention than obesity reversal.
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Eslami O, Shidfar F, Dehnad A. Inverse association of long-term nut consumption with weight gain and risk of overweight/obesity: a systematic review. Nutr Res 2019; 68:1-8. [PMID: 31151081 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuts contain a variety of nutrients and bioactive compounds that are capable of promoting metabolic health. However, due to their high energy density, concerns have been raised that nut consumption in the long term may contribute to weight gain. This systematic review summarizes the findings of prospective studies regarding the relationship between long-term nut consumption and obesity. Searches were conducted up through February 2018, using the PUBMED, EMBASE, and SCOPUS databases with the relevant MeSH terms and phrases. This systematic review included prospective cohort studies investigating the relationship between consumption of total nut and/or nut subtypes with changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), as well as the risk of overweight/obesity, with follow-up duration ≥1-year. Out of a total of 1580 papers that were initially examined, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Four out of the 6 studies showed an inverse association between nut consumption (typically at the dosages of ≥1 to 2 servings per week) and weight gain and risk of overweight/obesity. The remaining 2 studies evaluated the association between nut intake and changes in WC. From these 2 studies, only one study reported a significant inverse association. Overall, evidence from limited cohort studies demonstrated that long-term nut intake was associated with less weight gain and reduced risk of overweight/obesity. Whether such findings are generalizable to racially diverse ethnic groups, individuals of low socioeconomic status, and populations in developing countries should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Eslami
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Growth and Development Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Afsaneh Dehnad
- Department of English Language, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Effects of almond consumption on metabolic function and liver fat in overweight and obese adults with elevated fasting blood glucose: A randomised controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 30:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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44
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Association of eggs with dietary nutrient adequacy and cardiovascular risk factors in US adults. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2033-2042. [PMID: 30834848 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whole eggs are rich sources of several micronutrients. However, it is not well known how egg consumption contributes to overall nutrient adequacy and how it may relate to CVD risk factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine how whole egg consumption contributes to nutrient intakes and to assess its association with CVD risk factors in US adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2012, a nationally representative survey of the US civilian population.ParticipantsAdults who completed two dietary recalls and provided information on relevant sociodemographic factors were included in the study (n 21 845). RESULTS Approximately 73 % of adults were classified as whole egg consumers. Egg consumption was associated with greater intakes of protein, saturated fat, mono- and polyunsaturated fats, Fe, Zn, Ca, Se, choline, and several other vitamins and minerals. Egg consumption was associated with a higher likelihood of meeting or exceeding recommendations for several micronutrients. Egg intake was positively associated with dietary cholesterol consumption, but not with serum total cholesterol (TC) when adjusted for multiple potential confounders. In multiple linear regression analyses, TAG, TAG:HDL-cholesterol and TC:HDL-cholesterol were significantly lower with greater egg consumption. Egg consumption had no significant relationship with LDL-cholesterol or C-reactive protein, but was associated with higher BMI and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS Whole eggs are important dietary contributors of many nutrients and had either beneficial or non-significant associations with most CVD risk biomarkers examined.
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Abstract
We provide an overview of studies on seafood intake in relation to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Overweight and obesity development is for most individuals the result of years of positive energy balance. Evidence from intervention trials and animal studies suggests that frequent intake of lean seafood, as compared with intake of terrestrial meats, reduces energy intake by 4–9 %, sufficient to prevent a positive energy balance and obesity. At equal energy intake, lean seafood reduces fasting and postprandial risk markers of insulin resistance, and improves insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant adults. Energy restriction combined with intake of lean and fatty seafood seems to increase weight loss. Marine n-3 PUFA are probably of importance through n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators such as endocannabinoids and oxylipins, but other constituents of seafood such as the fish protein per se, trace elements or vitamins also seem to play a largely neglected role. A high intake of fatty seafood increases circulating levels of the insulin-sensitising hormone adiponectin. As compared with a high meat intake, high intake of seafood has been reported to reduce plasma levels of the hepatic acute-phase protein C-reactive protein level in some, but not all studies. More studies are needed to confirm the dietary effects on energy intake, obesity and insulin resistance. Future studies should be designed to elucidate the potential contribution of trace elements, vitamins and undesirables present in seafood, and we argue that stratification into responders and non-responders in randomised controlled trials may improve the understanding of health effects from intake of seafood.
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Gaona-Pineda EB, Martínez-Tapia B, Arango-Angarita A, Valenzuela-Bravo D, Gómez-Acosta LM, Shamah-Levy T, Rodríguez-Ramírez S. [Food groups consumption and sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population]. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2019; 60:272-282. [PMID: 29746744 DOI: 10.21149/8803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the recommendable and non-recommendable food groups for usual consumption by sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through a 7-day, semi-quan¬titative food frequency questionnaire used in 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, we estimated the proportions of population (preschool and school children, adolescents and adults) who consumed food groups that are relevant for public health by area, region and socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS Less than 50% of population consumed vegetables daily; almost 80% of the population consumed plain water daily and sweetened beverages (3 d/week). Center and Mexico City regions had the highest percentage of fruits and vegetables consumers (p<0.012). High SES had the highest consumer´s percentage of recommendable and non-recommendable food groups. CONCLUSIONS A high percentage of the population do not consume fruits, vegetables and plain water daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa B Gaona-Pineda
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Brenda Martínez-Tapia
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Andrea Arango-Angarita
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Danae Valenzuela-Bravo
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Luz M Gómez-Acosta
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Teresa Shamah-Levy
- Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Hussain M, Umair Ijaz M, Ahmad MI, Khan IA, Brohi SA, Shah AU, Shinwari KI, Zhao D, Xu X, Zhou G, Li C. Meat proteins in a high-fat diet have a substantial impact on intestinal barriers through mucus layer and tight junction protein suppression in C57BL/6J mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:6903-6914. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01760g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein diets are well known for body maintenance and weight loss.
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Beulen Y, Martínez-González MA, van de Rest O, Salas-Salvadó J, Sorlí JV, Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Estruch R, Santos-Lozano JM, Schröder H, Alonso-Gómez A, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Ros E, Becerra-Tomas N, González JI, Fitó M, Martínez JA, Gea A. Quality of Dietary Fat Intake and Body Weight and Obesity in a Mediterranean Population: Secondary Analyses within the PREDIMED Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:E2011. [PMID: 30572588 PMCID: PMC6315420 DOI: 10.3390/nu10122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A moderately high-fat Mediterranean diet does not promote weight gain. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of specific types of fat and obesity and body weight. A prospective cohort study was performed using data of 6942 participants in the PREDIMED trial, with yearly repeated validated food-frequency questionnaires, and anthropometric outcomes (median follow-up: 4.8 years). The effects of replacing dietary fat subtypes for one another, proteins or carbohydrates were estimated using generalized estimating equations substitution models. Replacement of 5% energy from saturated fatty acids (SFA) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) resulted in weight changes of -0.38 kg (95% Confidece Iinterval (CI): -0.69, -0.07), and -0.51 kg (95% CI: -0.81, -0.20), respectively. Replacing proteins with MUFA or PUFA decreased the odds of becoming obese. Estimates for the daily substitution of one portion of red meat with white meat, oily fish or white fish showed weight changes up to -0.87 kg. Increasing the intake of unsaturated fatty acids at the expense of SFA, proteins, and carbohydrates showed beneficial effects on body weight and obesity. It may therefore be desirable to encourage high-quality fat diets like the Mediterranean diet instead of restricting total fat intake.
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Grants
- RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- - CIBERobn
- CNIC 06/2007 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares
- PI04-2239, PI 05/2584, CP06/00100, PI07/0240, PI07/1138, PI07/0954, PI 07/0473, PI10/01407, PI10/02658, PI11/01647, P11/02505 Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria - Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional
- AGL-2009-13906-C02, AGL2010-22319-C03 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Fundación Mapfre 2010 Fundación Mapfre 2010
- PI0105/2007 Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía
- ACOMP06109, GVACOMP2010-181, GVACOMP2011-151, CS2010-AP-111, CS2011-AP-042, and PROMETEO17/2017 Public Health Division of the Department of Health of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia, Generalitat Valenciana
- P27/2011 Regional Government of Navarra
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Beulen
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ondine van de Rest
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, 43002 Reus, Spain.
| | - José V Sorlí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, 07010 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Biomedical Research Institute August Pi Sunyer (IDI- BAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José M Santos-Lozano
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Centro de Salud Universitario San Pablo, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel Alonso-Gómez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, 48940 Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Luis Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Service of Preventive Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno Infantil (CHUIMI), Canary Health Service, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Biomedical Research Institute August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nerea Becerra-Tomas
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, 43002 Reus, Spain.
| | - José I González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group (Regicor Study Group), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Gómez-Donoso C, Martínez-González MA, Gea A, Murphy KJ, Parletta N, Bes-Rastrollo M. A food-based score and incidence of overweight/obesity: The Dietary Obesity-Prevention Score (DOS). Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2607-2615. [PMID: 30522848 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Given the enormous health, economic and societal consequences of the obesity pandemic, identifying effective primary prevention strategies represents a global priority. The aim of this study was to provide evidence on the association between adherence to a food-based score reflecting a set of targeted, well-informed, simple dietary recommendations and the incidence of overweight/obesity. METHODS A total of 11,349 initially free of overweight/obesity young adults (mean [SD] age: 34.7 y [10.7]), were followed up biennially during a median of 9.3 years. The Dietary Obesity-Prevention Score (DOS) was created based on a priori evidence of foods associated with weight changes. The DOS positively weighted the consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, yogurt, nuts, fish, and a ratio of vegetable to animal protein; whereas the consumption of red meat, processed meat, saturated animal fat, refined grains, ultra-processed food, sugary beverages, beer and spirits were inversely weighted. Energy-adjusted tertiles of each item were used to build the DOS, ranging from 14 (lowest adherence) to 42 points (highest adherence). Adherence to the DOS was calculated at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. We assessed both incident overweight/obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and average yearly weight changes in grams per year (g/y). RESULTS During 104,887 person-years, 2153 incident cases of overweight/obesity were identified. A higher adherence to the DOS at baseline was significantly associated with lower risk of future development of overweight/obesity [multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for the highest vs. lowest quintile = 0.63 (0.54-0.74)], with a significant linear dose-response relationship (p for trend < 0.001). When the analyses were updated with repeated measures, the results were similar and remained statistically significant. Consistently, increases in average yearly weight gain were significantly lower with better adherence to the DOS. CONCLUSIONS In this Mediterranean cohort of university graduates, a higher adherence to a food-based score was significantly associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity and lower average annual weight gain. These findings may help counsel patients regarding dietary risks and raise awareness of weight gain before the onset of overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gómez-Donoso
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - A Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - K J Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - N Parletta
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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50
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Madsen L, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Øyen J, Kristiansen K. Dietary Proteins, Brown Fat, and Adiposity. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1792. [PMID: 30631281 PMCID: PMC6315128 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High protein diets have become popular for body weight maintenance and weight loss despite controversies regarding efficacy and safety. Although both weight gain and weight loss are determined by energy consumption and expenditure, data from rodent trials consistently demonstrate that the protein:carbohydrate ratio in high fat diets strongly influences body and fat mass gain per calorie eaten. Here, we review data from rodent trials examining how high protein diets may modulate energy metabolism and the mechanisms by which energy may be dissipated. We discuss the possible role of activating brown and so-called beige/BRITE adipocytes including non-canonical UCP1-independent thermogenesis and futile cycles, where two opposing metabolic pathways are operating simultaneously. We further review data on how the gut microbiota may affect energy expenditure. Results from human and rodent trials demonstrate that human trials are less consistent than rodent trials, where casein is used almost exclusively as the protein source. The lack of consistency in results from human trials may relate to the specific design of human trials, the possible distinct impact of different protein sources, and/or the differences in the efficiency of high protein diets to attenuate obesity development in lean subjects vs. promoting weight loss in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.,Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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