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Xu Y, Hsu MF, Haj FG, Vahmani P. Effects of beef fat enriched with trans vaccenic acid and cis9, trans11-CLA on glucose homoeostasis and hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1975-1984. [PMID: 38439535 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452400062x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Trans vaccenic acid (TVA, trans11-18 : 1) and cis9, trans11-CLA (also known as rumenic acid; RA) have received widespread attention as potentially beneficial trans-FA due to their putative health benefits, including anti-diabetic properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of beef fat naturally enriched with TVA and RA on parameters related to glucose homoeostasis and associated metabolic markers in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Thirty-six male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old) were fed for 19 weeks with either a control low-fat diet (CLF), a control high-fat diet (CHF), or a TVA+RA-enriched high-fat diet (EHF). Compared with CLF, feeding either CHF or EHF resulted in adverse metabolic outcomes associated with high-fat diets, including adiposity, impaired glucose control and hepatic steatosis. However, the EHF diet induced a significantly higher liver weight TAG content and elevated plasma alanine transaminase levels compared with the CHF diet. Collectively, the findings from this study suggest that EHF does not improve glucose tolerance and worsens liver steatosis in DIO mice. However, the adverse effects of EHF on the liver could be in part related to the presence of other trans-FA in the enriched beef fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Xu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA95616, USA
| | - Ming-Fo Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA95616, USA
| | - Fawaz George Haj
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA95616, USA
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA95616, USA
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2
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Parajára MDC, Fogal Vegi AS, Machado ÍE, de Menezes MC, Verly-Jr E, Meireles AL. Disability and costs of IHD attributable to the consumption of trans-fatty acids in Brazil. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e132. [PMID: 38726481 PMCID: PMC11112431 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024001101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the disability and costs of the Brazilian Unified Health System for IHD attributable to trans-fatty acid (TFA) consumption in 2019. DESIGN This ecological study used secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to estimate the years lived with disability from IHD attributable to TFA in Brazil in 2019. Data on direct costs (purchasing power parity: 1 Int$ = R$ 2·280) were obtained from the Hospital and Ambulatory Information Systems of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Moreover, the total costs in each state were divided by the resident population in 2019 and multiplied by 10 000 inhabitants. The relationship between the socio-demographic index, disease and economic burden was investigated. SETTING Brazil and its twenty-seven states. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged ≥ 25 years of both sexes. RESULTS IHD attributable to TFA consumption resulted in 11 165 years lived with disability (95 % uncertainty interval 932–18 462) in 2019 in Brazil. A total of Int$ 54 546 227 (95 % uncertainty interval 4 505 792–85 561 810) was spent in the Brazilian Unified Health System in 2019 due to IHD attributable to TFA, with the highest costs of hospitalisations, for males and individuals aged ≥ 50 years or over. The highest costs were observed in Sergipe (Int$ 6508/10 000; 95 % uncertainty interval 576–10 265), followed by the two states from the South. Overall, as the socio-demographic index increases, expenditures increase. CONCLUSIONS TFA consumption results in a high disease and economic IHD burden in Brazil, reinforcing the need for more effective health policies, such as industrial TFA elimination, following the international agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda do Carmo Parajára
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Siqueira Fogal Vegi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ísis Eloah Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Medicina de Família, Saúde Mental e Coletiva, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carvalho de Menezes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição Clínica e Social, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Verly-Jr
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lúcia Meireles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Nutrição Clínica e Social, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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3
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Chen B, Wang C, Li W. Serum albumin levels and risk of atrial fibrillation: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1385223. [PMID: 38655495 PMCID: PMC11035896 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1385223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Although several observational studies have linked serum albumin to cardiovascular disease and considered it as an important biomarker, little is known about whether increasing or maintaining serum albumin levels can effectively improve the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation. Therefore, this study aims to further explore the causal relationship between serum albumin and atrial fibrillation and its potential mechanism. Method Using data from large-scale genome-wide association studies, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and a mediation MR analysis, using serum albumin as the exposure variable and atrial fibrillation as the outcome variable. We included 486 serum metabolites as potential mediating factors. To increase the robustness of the analysis, we applied five statistical methods, including inverse variance weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, simple mode, and weighted mode. Validate the MR results using Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization method. Result The results of the MR analysis indicate a significant inverse association between genetically predicted serum albumin concentration (g/L) and the risk of atrial fibrillation (Beta = -0.172, OR = 0.842, 95% CI: 0.753-0.941, p = 0.002). Further mediation MR analysis revealed that serum albumin may mediate the causal relationship with atrial fibrillation by affecting two serum metabolites, docosatrienoate and oleate/vaccenate, and the mediating effect was significant. In addition, all our instrumental variables showed no heterogeneity and level-multiplicity in the MR analysis. To verify the stability of the results, we also conducted a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method, and the results further confirmed that our findings were robust and reliable. Finally, we conducted a validation using the Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization method, which demonstrated the reliability of our causal inference results. Conclusion This study strongly demonstrates the causal relationship between serum albumin and reduced risk of atrial fibrillation through genetic methods, and reveals the key mediating role of two serum metabolites in this relationship. These findings not only provide a new perspective for our understanding of the role of serum albumin in atrial fibrillation, but also provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment strategies of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohang Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chuqiao Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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4
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Rodrigo A. Beef production and the beef evaluation system in Chile: description, characterization, and quality. Anim Front 2024; 14:21-28. [PMID: 38633321 PMCID: PMC11018703 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arias Rodrigo
- Instituto de Producción Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5110566, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Suelos Volcánicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
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Du M, Gong M, Wu G, Jin J, Wang X, Jin Q. Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLnA) vs Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA): A Comprehensive Review of Potential Advantages in Molecular Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Production Techniques. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5503-5525. [PMID: 38442367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been extensively characterized due to its many biological activities and health benefits, but conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) is still not well understood. However, CLnA has shown to be more effective than CLA as a potential functional food ingredient. Current research has not thoroughly investigated the differences and advantages between CLnA and CLA. This article compares CLnA and CLA based on molecular characteristics, including structural, chemical, and metabolic characteristics. Then, the in vivo research evidence of CLnA on various health benefits is comprehensively reviewed and compared with CLA in terms of effectiveness and mechanism. Furthermore, the potential of CLnA in production technology and product protection is analyzed. In general, CLnA and CLA have similar physicochemical properties of conjugated molecules and share many similarities in regulation effects and pathways of various health benefits as well as in the production methods. However, their specific properties, regulatory capabilities, and unique mechanisms are different. The superior potential of CLnA must be specified according to the practical application patterns of isomers. Future research should focus more on the advantageous characteristics of different isomers, especially the effectiveness and safety in clinical applications in order to truly exert the potential value of CLnA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Gangcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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6
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Zhou ZQ, Wei M, Tan CL, Deng ZY, Li J. Low intake of ruminant trans fatty acids ameliorates the disordered lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2024; 15:1539-1552. [PMID: 38234289 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04947g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Currently, the health benefits of ruminant trans fatty acids (R-TFA) are still controversial. Our previous investigations indicated that R-TFA at higher dosages (1.3% and 4% E) caused disordered lipid metabolism in mice; however, through collecting R-TFA intake data in 9 provinces of China, it was suggested that, in 2021, the range of R-TFA intake for Chinese residents was about 0.053-0.307 g d-1. Based on the 2022 Nutritional Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents, the recommended daily energy supply from R-TFA was about 0.11%-0.15% E. However, the health effects of R-TFA at a lower dosage are still unknown; therefore, our current research aims to further explore the effects of R-TFA on health. Through in vivo experiments, it was shown that R-TFA (0.15% E) decreased body weight gain and serum cholesterol levels in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet, while it had no significant effect on mice fed a low-fat diet. Besides, hepatic histopathology analysis suggested that R-TFA (0.15% E) ameliorated the degree of hepatic steatosis and reduced intrahepatocyte lipid droplet accumulation in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. Through lipidomics analysis, we further screened 8 potential lipid metabolites that participate in regulating the dysregulation of lipid metabolism. Finally, it was suggested that R-TFA (0.15% E) down-regulated the expression of genes related to inflammation and cholesterol synthesis while up-regulated the expression of genes related to cholesterol clearance, which might partially explain the salutary effect of R-TFA (0.15% E) in ameliorating the hepatic steatosis and improving disordered lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet. Our current research will provide a reference for the intake of R-TFA and, furthermore, give some insights into understanding the health effects of R-TFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Meng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Chao-Li Tan
- Jiangxi Sunshine Dairy Co., Ltd, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
- College of Food, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
- College of Food, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, China
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7
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Mohammadi F, Dikpati A, Bertrand N, Rudkowska I. Encapsulation of conjugated linoleic acid and ruminant trans fatty acids to study the prevention of metabolic syndrome-a review. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:262-276. [PMID: 37221703 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported the potential benefits of consuming conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and ruminant trans fatty acids (R-TFAs) in reducing the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In addition, encapsulation of CLA and R-TFAs may improve their oral delivery and further decrease the risk factors of MetS. The objectives of this review were (1) to discuss the advantages of encapsulation; (2) to compare the materials and techniques used for encapsulating CLA and R-TFAs; and (3) to review the effects of encapsulated vs non-encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs on MetS risk factors. Examination of papers citing micro- and nano-encapsulation methods used in food sciences, as well as the effects of encapsulated vs non-encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs, was conducted using the PubMed database. A total of 84 papers were examined; of these, 18 studies were selected that contained information on the effects of encapsulated CLA and R-TFAs. The 18 studies that described encapsulation of CLA or R-TFAs indicated that micro- or nano-encapsulation processes stabilized CLA and prevented oxidation. CLA was mainly encapsulated using carbohydrates or proteins. So far, oil-in-water emulsification followed by spray-drying were the frequently used techniques for encapsulation of CLA. Further, 4 studies investigated the effects of encapsulated CLA on MetS risk factors compared with non-encapsulated CLA. A limited number of studies investigated the encapsulation of R-TFAs. The effects of encapsulated CLA or R-TFAs on the risk factors for MetS remain understudied; thus, additional studies comparing the effects of encapsulated and non-encapsulated CLA or R-TFAs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Mohammadi
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Amrita Dikpati
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bertrand
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
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8
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Tibori K, Zámbó V, Orosz G, Szelényi P, Sarnyai F, Tamási V, Rónai Z, Csala M, Kereszturi É. Allele-specific effect of various dietary fatty acids and ETS1 transcription factor on SCD1 expression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:177. [PMID: 38167845 PMCID: PMC10761808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50700-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition and genetic predisposition are major risk factors for various metabolic disorders. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) plays a key role in these conditions by synthesizing unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), thereby promoting fat storage and alleviating lipotoxicity. Expression of SCD1 is influenced by various saturated and cis-unsaturated FAs, but the possible role of dietary trans FAs (TFAs) and SCD1 promoter polymorphisms in its regulations has not been addressed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of the two main TFAs, vaccenate and elaidate, and four common promoter polymorphisms (rs1054411, rs670213, rs2275657, rs2275656) on SCD1 expression in HEK293T and HepG2 cell cultures using luciferase reporter assay, qPCR and immunoblotting. We found that SCD1 protein and mRNA levels as well as SCD1 promoter activity are markedly elevated by elaidate, but not altered by vaccenate. The promoter polymorphisms did not affect the basal transcriptional activity of SCD1. However, the minor allele of rs1054411 increased SCD1 expression in the presence of various FAs. Moreover, this variant was predicted in silico and verified in vitro to reduce the binding of ETS1 transcription factor to SCD1 promoter. Although we could not confirm an association with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the FA-dependent and ETS1-mediated effect of rs1054411 polymorphism deserves further investigation as it may modulate the development of lipid metabolism-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Tibori
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Zámbó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Orosz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Szelényi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Farkas Sarnyai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viola Tamási
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Rónai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Kereszturi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary.
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9
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Fan H, Xia S, Xiang J, Li Y, Ross MO, Lim SA, Yang F, Tu J, Xie L, Dougherty U, Zhang FQ, Zheng Z, Zhang R, Wu R, Dong L, Su R, Chen X, Althaus T, Riedell PA, Jonker PB, Muir A, Lesinski GB, Rafiq S, Dhodapkar MV, Stock W, Odenike O, Patel AA, Opferman J, Tsuji T, Matsuzaki J, Shah H, Faubert B, Elf SE, Layden B, Bissonnette BM, He YY, Kline J, Mao H, Odunsi K, Gao X, Chi H, He C, Chen J. Trans-vaccenic acid reprograms CD8 + T cells and anti-tumour immunity. Nature 2023; 623:1034-1043. [PMID: 37993715 PMCID: PMC10686835 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Diet-derived nutrients are inextricably linked to human physiology by providing energy and biosynthetic building blocks and by functioning as regulatory molecules. However, the mechanisms by which circulating nutrients in the human body influence specific physiological processes remain largely unknown. Here we use a blood nutrient compound library-based screening approach to demonstrate that dietary trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) directly promotes effector CD8+ T cell function and anti-tumour immunity in vivo. TVA is the predominant form of trans-fatty acids enriched in human milk, but the human body cannot produce TVA endogenously1. Circulating TVA in humans is mainly from ruminant-derived foods including beef, lamb and dairy products such as milk and butter2,3, but only around 19% or 12% of dietary TVA is converted to rumenic acid by humans or mice, respectively4,5. Mechanistically, TVA inactivates the cell-surface receptor GPR43, an immunomodulatory G protein-coupled receptor activated by its short-chain fatty acid ligands6-8. TVA thus antagonizes the short-chain fatty acid agonists of GPR43, leading to activation of the cAMP-PKA-CREB axis for enhanced CD8+ T cell function. These findings reveal that diet-derived TVA represents a mechanism for host-extrinsic reprogramming of CD8+ T cells as opposed to the intrahost gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids. TVA thus has translational potential for the treatment of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siyuan Xia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhong Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew O Ross
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Seon Ah Lim
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayi Tu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lishi Xie
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Freya Q Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rukang Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Xiufen Chen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas Althaus
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter A Riedell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick B Jonker
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Muir
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarwish Rafiq
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wendy Stock
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Anand A Patel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Opferman
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Takemasa Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Junko Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hardik Shah
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shannon E Elf
- The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Layden
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Justin Kline
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Parajára MDC, Machado ÍE, Verly-Junior E, Menezes MCD, Nilson EAF, Meireles AL. Burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to trans fatty acids, 1990-2019. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:272-280. [PMID: 37739668 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The impact of cardiovascular disease attributable to trans fatty acids (TFAs) in the Brazilian population has not been systematically evaluated. This study aims to analyze the burden of ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to TFAs in Brazil between 1990 and 2019. METHODS Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 were used to investigate the attributable burden in Brazil and its 27 federative units, for both sexes-pooled adults aged ≥25 years. Mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from IHD attributable to TFAs were expressed as crude and age-standardized rates and differences from 1990 to 2019 by percentage and annualized rate of change. Linear regression was used to investigate trends. National voluntary and regulatory policies for industrial TFAs (iTFAs) implemented until 2019, summary exposure value (SEV) and sociodemographic index (SDI) were examined. RESULTS Between 1990 and 2019, crude and age-standardized mortality rates from IHD attributable to TFAs decreased by -15.9% and -58.0%, respectively, in Brazil. A decrease in crude (-23.3%) and age-standardized (-56.4%) DALY rates of IHD attributable to TFAs was also noticed in the country. States of the South, Southeast, and the Federal District had the largest declines of IHD attributable to TFAs, while states of the Northeast and North had the smallest or even an increase. The policies already adopted had little effect on the IHD burden. A lower SEV and higher SDI value seemed to reduce the burden of IHD. CONCLUSIONS Although a downward trend in IHD attributable to TFAs and a reduction in exposure to TFAs were observed, this burden is still relevant in Brazil, reinforcing the importance of diet policies, such as banning iTFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda do Carmo Parajára
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ísis Eloah Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Family Medicine, Mental and Collective Health, Medical School, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Verly-Junior
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Carvalho de Menezes
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Lúcia Meireles
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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11
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Fant P, Leskinen H, Ramin M, Huhtanen P. Effects of replacement of barley with oats on milk fatty acid composition in dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2347-2360. [PMID: 36823002 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
This study consists of milk fatty acid (FA) data collected during 2 in vivo experiments. For this study, 8 cows from each experiment were included in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. At the start of experiment 1 (Exp1) cows were at (mean ± standard deviation) 87 ± 34.6 d in milk, 625 ± 85.0 kg of body weight, and 32.1 ± 4.17 kg/d milk yield and at the start of experiment 2 (Exp2) cows were at 74 ± 18.2 d in milk, 629 ± 87.0 kg of body weight, and 37.0 ± 3.2 kg/d milk yield. In Exp1, we examined the effects of gradual replacement of barley with hulled oats (oats with hulls) on milk FA composition. The basal diet was grass silage and rapeseed meal (58 and 10% of diet DM, respectively), and the 4 grain supplements were formulated so that barley was gradually replaced by hulled oats at levels of 0, 33, 67, and 100% on dry matter basis. In Exp2, we examined (1) the effects of replacing barley with both hulled and dehulled oats (oats without hulls) and (2) the effects of gradual replacement of hulled oats with dehulled oats on milk FA composition. The basal diet was grass silage and rapeseed meal (60 and 10% of diet DM, respectively), and the 4 pelleted experimental concentrates were barley, hulled oats, a 50:50 mixture of hulled and dehulled oats, and dehulled oats on dry matter basis. In Exp1, gradual replacement of barley with hulled oats decreased relative proportions of 14:0, 16:0, and total saturated FA (SFA) in milk fat linearly, whereas proportions of 18:0, 18:1, total monounsaturated FA, and total cis unsaturated FA increased linearly. Transfer efficiency of total C18 decreased linearly when barley was replaced by hulled oats in Exp1. In Exp2, relative proportions of 14:0, 16:0, and total SFA were lower, whereas proportions of 18:0, 18:1, monounsaturated FA, and cis unsaturated FA were higher in milk from cows fed the oat diets than in milk from cows fed the barley diet. Moreover, in Exp2, gradual replacement of hulled oats with dehulled oats slightly decreased the relative proportion of 14:0 in milk fat but did not affect the proportions of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, total SFA, monounsaturated FA, trans FA, or polyunsaturated FA. In Exp2, transfer efficiency of total C18 was lower when cows were fed the oat diets than when fed the barley diet and decreased linearly when hulled oats were replaced with dehulled oats. Predictions of daily CH4 emissions (g/d) using the on-farm available variables energy-corrected milk yield and body weight were not markedly improved by including milk concentrations of individual milk FA in prediction equations. In conclusion, replacement of barley with oats as a concentrate supplement for dairy cows fed a grass silage-based diet could offer a practical strategy to change the FA composition of milk to be more in accordance with international dietary guidelines regarding consumption of SFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fant
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - H Leskinen
- Animal Nutrition, Production Systems Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - M Ramin
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Huhtanen
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden; Animal Nutrition, Production Systems Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
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12
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C57bl/6 Mice Show Equivalent Taste Preferences toward Ruminant and Industrial Trans Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030610. [PMID: 36771316 PMCID: PMC9918975 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two distinct types of trans fatty acids (TFA) are found in the diet. Industrial TFA such as elaidic acid (EA) have deleterious effects on metabolic risk factors, and oppositely ruminant TFA including trans-palmitoleic acid (TPA) may have beneficial effects. The objective is to evaluate the taste preference between EA, TPA, lecithin or water. In this study, 24 female C57BL/6 mice were microchipped and placed in two separate IntelliCages®. Nano encapsulated TFA or lecithin were added to drinking water in different corners of the cage with normal diet. The study was carried out over 5 weeks, during which mice were exposed to water only (weeks 1 and 3), TFA or lecithin (week 2), and EA or TPA (weeks 4 and 5). Mice weights, corner visits, nose pokes (NP), and lick number were measured each week. The results demonstrated that mice consume more TFA, either EA or TPA, compared with lecithin. In addition, the mice licked more EA compared with TPA in one cage; conversely, in the other cage they licked more TPA compared with EA. However, when TFA positions were swapped, mice had equal licks for EA and TPA. In sum, mice preferred TFA, in equal matter compared with controls; therefore, the results demonstrate the potential for TFA-type substitution in diet.
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13
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The Quality of Salted Sun-Dried Meat from Young Nellore Bulls Fed Diets with Lauric Acid. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233764. [PMID: 36496572 PMCID: PMC9740112 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the quality of salted sun-dried meat from young bulls (Nellore cattle) fed with a diet containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% of lauric acid in the total dry matter (DM). Thirty-two Nellore bulls with initial body weight of 368 ± 32 kg were used. A linear decrease (p < 0.05) in pH and protein content of the salted sun-dried meat was observed with the inclusion of lauric acid. The moisture, ash, lipid, collagen content, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, color indexes (L*, a*, b*, C*), and shear force were not affected. Lipid oxidation at 7 days of storage increased linearly in the salted sun-dried meat. Most of the fatty acid composition of the salted sun-dried meat from the semimembranosus muscle of young bulls was not influenced (p > 0.05) by the lauric acid inclusion in the bulls’ diet. However, there was a linear increase (p < 0.05) in the SFA lauric acid (C12:0), PUFAn-3 EPA (C20:5n − 3) and DHA (C22:6n − 3), and a quadratic increase in the PUFAn-6 arachidonic (C20:4n − 6) due to lauric acid addition from palm kernel oil in the diet. There was a liner increase (p < 0.05) in the total ∑PUFA, ∑n − 6, ∑n − 3 contents of salted sun-dried meat from the semimembranosus muscle of young bulls and the h:H health index of the level of lauric acid inclusion in bull’s diet. In contrast, the thrombogenicity health index (TI) and ∑n − 6:∑n − 3 ratio content in salted sun-dried meat from the semimembranosus muscle of young bulls presented a linear decrease (p < 0.05) due to lauric acid addition in the bulls’ diet. Lauric acid (C12:0) inclusion up to 1.5% in the diet of young Nellore bull improved the fatty acid composition of the salted sun-dried meat, increasing EPA, DHA, n − 6 and n − 3, TI, and h:H indexes, which are associated with a better lipid quality of meat products, and further improves tenderness at the highest concentration.
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14
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Seyyedsalehi MS, Collatuzzo G, Rashidian H, Hadji M, Gholipour M, Mohebbi E, Kamangar F, Pukkala E, Huybrechts I, Gunter MJ, Chajes V, Boffetta P, Zendehdel K. Dietary Ruminant and Industrial Trans-Fatty Acids Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Nutrients 2022; 14:4912. [PMID: 36432598 PMCID: PMC9699189 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely due to modifiable lifestyle habits, the awareness on its risk factors is highly important. Dietary fatty acids have been linked to CRC risk. We explored the association between dietary trans fatty acids (TFAs) intake and CRC risk. We analyzed 865 CRC cases (434 in colon and 404 in rectum) and 3206 controls of the IROPICAN study, with data collected by trained interviewers using validated questionnaires. TFAs intake (industrial and ruminant types) was categorized into quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression models were built to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for the association between CRC and TFAs. We observed a positive association between industrial TFAs and colon cancer (OR for highest vs lowest quartile [ORQ4vsQ1] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.54). A higher association was observed between industrial TFAs and CRC, occurring after 50 years of age. In addition, elaidic acid was associated with an increased risk of colon (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.58, 1.24-2.02) and specifically of proximal colon cancer (OR Q4vsQ1 = 2.12, 1.40-3.20), as well as of rectum cancer (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.40, 1.07-1.83). An inverse association was observed between ruminant TFAs intake and colon cancer risk (ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.80, 0.67-0.97). Industrial TFAs, such as semisolid/solid hydrogenated oils, may increase the risk of CRC, especially colon and proximal colon cancer. In contrast, ruminant TFAs do not appear to be associated with CRC. Awareness programs and regulatory actions regarding hydrogenated oils are warranted, given their high consumption through ultra-processed foods in more developed and less developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hamideh Rashidian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Maryam Hadji
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mahin Gholipour
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 4934174515, Iran
| | - Elham Mohebbi
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Farin Kamangar
- Department of Biology, School of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry-Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, 00130 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France
| | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
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15
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Niforou A, Magriplis E, Klinaki E, Niforou K, Naska A. On account of trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk - There is still need to upgrade the knowledge and educate consumers. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1811-1818. [PMID: 35753860 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Trans fatty acids (TFAs) are unsaturated lipids either of industrial origin or naturally occurring in ruminant meat and milk. TFAs generated through food processing (industrial) is the main source in our diet and studies provide converging evidence on their negative effect on cardiovascular health. Since April 2021, the European Commission has put into effect a regulation for TFAs providing maximum 2% of total fat in all industrially produced foods. In light of this development, we review the evidence regarding the health attributes of different types of TFAs, their dietary sources and current intakes, and we describe the history of TFA-related legislative actions in an attempt to anticipate the efficiency of new measures. DATA SYNTHESIS The PubMed database was searched including original research (observational and intervention studies), systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Scientific reports of competent authorities and organizations have also been screened. CONCLUSIONS Trans-fat elimination provides a fine example of how evidence has led to the application of horizontal regulatory measures regarding legal food ingredients in order to protect consumers' health. In EU Member States, TFAs currently provide on average less than 1% of energy (1%E) and intakes marginally exceed recommendations primarily among young adults. Large dietary surveys however provide evidence for additional, less-well known sources of TFAs in the diet. Raising public awareness of "hidden" trans-fat found naturally in foods such as cheese, as well as of the trans-fat generated through traditional cooking practices is needed, if the goal to eliminate trans-fat from the diet is to be met.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Niforou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Magriplis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Klinaki
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K Niforou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - A Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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16
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Wei M, Niu X, Jing HS, Zhong JJ, Deng YL, Hou YM, Liu WQ, Deng ZY, Li J. Butter-Derived Ruminant Trans Fatty Acids Do Not Alleviate Atherosclerotic Lesions in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE -/- Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8631-8644. [PMID: 35792578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD). Currently, it is widely believed that R-TFA and I-TFA may cause different biological effects. In the present study, we aim to elucidate the effect of mixed R-TFA derived from butter on the development of AS in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and find the possible mechanism. It was shown that butter-derived R-TFA promoted dyslipidemia, reduced thoracic and abdominal aorta diameters, and induced aortic lipid deposition and atherosclerotic lesions in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. Meanwhile, butter-derived R-TFA affected the serum lipid profile of high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and the lipid metabolism of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Through lipidomic techniques, we found that butter-derived R-TFA had a significant effect on the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that butter-derived R-TFA does not alleviate but promotes atherosclerotic lesions in high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice and that the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway plays a major role in this pro-atherosclerotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wei
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Xian Niu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Hong-Shen Jing
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jin-Jing Zhong
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yi-Ling Deng
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Yan-Mei Hou
- Hyproca Nutrition Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
| | - Wen-Qun Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Deng
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
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17
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Differential Inflammatory Responses in Cultured Endothelial Cells Exposed to Two Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CLAs) under a Pro-Inflammatory Condition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116101. [PMID: 35682781 PMCID: PMC9181016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers have been shown to possess anti-atherosclerotic properties, which may be related to the downregulation of inflammatory pathways in different cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). However, whether different CLA isomers have different actions is not entirely clear, with inconsistent reports to date. Furthermore, in cell culture studies, CLAs have often been used at fairly high concentrations. Whether lower concentrations of CLAs are able to affect EC responses is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two CLAs (cis-9, trans-11 (CLA9,11) and trans-10, cis-12 (CLA10,12)) on the inflammatory responses of ECs. ECs (EA.hy926 cells) were cultured under standard conditions and exposed to CLAs (1 to 50 μM) for 48 h. Then, the cells were cultured for a further 6 or 24 h with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, 1 ng/mL) as an inflammatory stimulant. ECs remained viable after treatments with 1 and 10 μM of each CLA, but not after treatment with 50 μM of CLA10,12. CLAs were incorporated into ECs in a concentration-dependent manner. CLA10,12 increased the levels of ICAM-1, IL-6, and RANTES in the culture medium, while CLA9,11 had null effects. Both CLAs (1 μM) decreased the appearance of NFκB1 mRNA, but only CLA9,11 maintained this downregulation at 10 μM. CLA10,12 had no effect on THP-1 cell adhesion to ECs while significantly decreasing the percentage of ECs expressing ICAM-1 and also levels of ICAM-1 expression per cell when used at 10 µM. Although CLA9,11 did not have any effect on ICAM-1 cell surface expression, it reduced THP-1 cell adhesion to the EA.hy926 cell monolayer at both concentrations. In summary, CLA10,12 showed some pro-inflammatory effects, while CLA9,11 exhibited null or anti-inflammatory effects. The results suggest that each CLA has different effects in ECs under a pro-inflammatory condition, highlighting the need to evaluate the effects of CLA isomers independently.
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18
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Menci R, Martin B, Werne S, Bord C, Ferlay A, Lèbre A, Leiber F, Klaiss M, Coppa M, Heckendorn F. Supplementing goats’ diet with sainfoin pellets (versus alfalfa) modifies cheese sensory properties and fatty acid profile. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Recent Progresses on Designable Hybrids with Stimuli-Responsive Optical Properties Originating from Molecular Assembly Concerning Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200144. [PMID: 35322576 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe recent progresses on the stimuli-responsive hybrid materials based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and their applications as a chemical sensor. In particular, we explain the unique functions originating from molecular assembly concerning POSS-containing soft materials mainly from our studies. POSS has an inorganic cubic core composed of silicon-oxygen (Si-O) bonds and organic substituents at each vertex. Owing to intrinsic properties of POSS, such as high thermal stability, rigidity, and low chemical reactivity, various robust hybrid materials have been developed. From the numerous numbers of POSS hybrids, we herein focus on the environment-sensitive optical materials in which molecular assembly of POSS itself and functional units connected to POSS should be a key factor for expressing material properties. We also explain the mechanisms of chemical sensors originating from these stimuli-responsive optical properties. Stimuli-responsive excimer emission and pollutant detectors, nanoplastic sensors with the water-dispersive POSS networks, trans fatty acid sensors, turn-on luminescent sensors for aerobic condition and fluoride anion sensors are described. We also mention the mechanochromic polyurethane hybrids and the thermally-durable mechanochromic luminescent materials. The roles of the unique optical properties from soft materials composed of rigid POSS, which doesn't have significant light-absorption and emission properties in the visible region, are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Gon
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku, Polymer Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Polymer Chemistry, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, JAPAN
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku, Polymer chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510, Kyoto, JAPAN
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20
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Zhou M, Zhu Z, Sun HZ, Zhao K, Dugan MER, Bruce H, Fitzsimmons C, Li C, Guan LL. Breed dependent regulatory mechanisms of beneficial and non-beneficial fatty acid profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue in cattle with divergent feed efficiency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4612. [PMID: 35301378 PMCID: PMC8931072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to determine whether breed and feed efficiency affect the molecular mechanisms regulating beneficial and non-beneficial fatty acid profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue of beef steers. Fatty acid profiling and RNA-Seq based transcriptome analysis were performed on subcutaneous adipose tissues collected from beef steers with three divergent breeds (Angus, ANG, n = 47; Charolais, CHAR, n = 48; Kinsella Composite, KC, n = 48) and different residual feed intake (RFI, a measure of feed efficiency). The comparison of fatty acid profiles showed that KC had higher beneficial FAs compared to the other two breeds. Distinct FA profiles between H-RFIfat and L-RFIfat steers was more obvious for KC steers, where H-RFIfat steers tended to have higher proportion of healthy FAs and lower proportion of the unhealthy FAs. A higher number of differentially expressed (DE) genes were observed for KC steers, whereas ANG and CHAR steers had a lower number of DE genes between H- and L-RFIfat steers. The association analyses of the gene expressions and FA profiles showed that 10 FA metabolism-associated genes together with the one upstream regulator (SREBF1) were associated with the proportion of C18:2n-6, total n-6, PUFA and PUFA/SFA for KC steers but not the other two breeds. Subcutaneous adipose tissue FA profiles and healthy FA index differed in cattle with divergent feed efficiency and such variation was unique for the three examined cattle breeds. Key FA metabolism-associated genes together with SREBF1 which is the upstream regulator of a set of genes involved in lipid metabolism may be of importance for genetic selection of meat with higher healthy FA index in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zhi Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | - Mike E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Heather Bruce
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Carolyn Fitzsimmons
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Changxi Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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21
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The Quantification of Fatty Acids, Color, and Textural Properties of Locally Produced Bakery Margarine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study focused on the analysis of bakery margarine samples divided into three groups according to physical-chemical analyses of their fat and water content. A Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) was used for the evaluation of fatty acids, and from 37 fatty acids studied, only 18 were quantified. The highest concentration was occupied by the long-chain saturated fatty acids category (C14:0–C20:0), ranging between 85.61 μg/mg and 127.30 μg/mg. The dominant fatty acid was palmitic acid for all margarine samples. The texture parameters (hardness, mechanical work of plastic deformation, and fracturability) analyzed in this study with three different penetrometers and a puncture test showed that bakery margarine is a hard plastic material with a pronounced fracturability. The margarine’s fracturability varied from 0.35 N to 8.23 N. The highest values were measured using the 10 mm diameter spherical penetrometer. Of the outside and inside evaluated color parameters, only the b* color parameter indicated an influence on the principal component analysis samples’ projections; its values are also positively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PN).
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22
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Lu Q, Chen Z, Ji D, Mao Y, Jiang Q, Yang Z, Loor JJ. Progress on the Regulation of Ruminant Milk Fat by Noncoding RNAs and ceRNAs. Front Genet 2021; 12:733925. [PMID: 34790222 PMCID: PMC8591074 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.733925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk fat is not only a key factor affecting the quality of fresh milk but also a major target trait forbreeding. The regulation of milk fat involves multiple genes, network regulation and signal transduction. To explore recent discoveries of pathway regulation, we reviewed the published literature with a focus on functional noncoding RNAs and epigenetic regulation in ruminants. Results indicate that miRNAs play key roles in the regulation of milk fat synthesis and catabolism in ruminants. Although few data are available, merging evidence indicates that lncRNAs and circRNAs act on milk fat related genes through indirect action with microRNAs or RNAs in the ceRNA network to elicit positive effects on transcription. Although precise regulatory mechanisms remain unclear, most studies have focused on the regulation of the function of target genes through functional noncoding RNAs. Data to help identify factors that can regulate their own expression and function or to determine whether self-regulation involves positive and/or negative feedback are needed. Despite the growing body of research on the role of functional noncoding RNA in the control of ruminant milk fat, most data are still not translatable for field applications. Overall, the understanding of mechanisms whereby miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, and ceRNA regulate ruminant milk fat remains an exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- QinYue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dejun Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian Nutrition Physiology Genomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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23
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Sobczuk-Szul M, Mochol M, Nogalski Z, Pogorzelska-Przybyłek P, Momot M. Fattening of Polish Holstein-Friesian × Limousin Bulls under Two Production Systems and Its Effect on the Fatty Acid Profiles of Different Fat Depots. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3078. [PMID: 34827812 PMCID: PMC8614302 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the fatty acid (FA) profiles of four types of fat depots from crossbred bulls (Polish Holstein-Friesian × Limousin, PHF × LM) fattened semi-intensively (SI) and intensively (I). Intramuscular fat was most abundant in total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, and functional fatty acids C 18:2, C 18:3, C 20:4 and C 20:5 in comparison with the remaining fat types. Furthermore, note that external fat was more abundant in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than other fat types. Grass silage fed to cattle during fattening had a beneficial influence on the FA profile of beef, and an increase in the amount of concentrate in the ration did not decrease beef quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sobczuk-Szul
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Evaluation, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5/137, 10-958 Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland; (M.M.); (Z.N.); (P.P.-P.); (M.M.)
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24
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Alves SP, Vahmani P, Mapiye C, McAllister TA, Bessa RJB, Dugan MER. Trans-10 18:1 in ruminant meats: A review. Lipids 2021; 56:539-562. [PMID: 34608647 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Trans (t) fatty acids (TFA) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (i.e., industrial trans) have been phased out of foods in many countries due to their promotion of cardiovascular disease. This leaves ruminant-derived foods as the main source of TFA. Unlike industrial TFA where catalytic hydrogenation yields a broad distribution of isomers, ruminant TFA are enzymatically derived and can result in enrichment of specific isomers. Comparisons between industrial and ruminant TFA have often exonerated ruminant TFA due to their lack or at times positive effects on health. At extremes, however, ruminant-sourced foods can have either high levels of t10- or t11-18:1, and when considering enriched sources, t10-18:1 has properties similar to industrial TFA, whereas t11-18:1 can be converted to an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (cis(c)9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid), both of which have potential positive health effects. Increased t10-18:1 in meat-producing ruminants has not been associated with negative effects on live animal production or meat quality. As such, reducing t10-18:1 has not been of immediate concern to ruminant meat producers, as there have been no economic consequences for its enrichment; nevertheless at high levels, it can compromise the nutritional quality of beef and lamb. In anticipation that regulations regarding TFA may focus more on t10-18:1 in beef and lamb, the present review will cover its production, analysis, biological effects, strategies for manipulation, and regulatory policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana P Alves
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agricuture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rui J B Bessa
- CIISA, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada
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25
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Karazurna NA, Porter CM, Aytur S, Scott T, Mattei J, Noel SE, Gonzalez HM, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Sotres-Alvarez D, Gallo LC, Daviglus ML, Van Horn L, Elfassy T, Gellman MD, Moncrieft AE, Tucker KL, Kaplan RC, Bigornia SJ. Associations between dietary fatty acid patterns and cognitive function in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Br J Nutr 2021; 129:1-35. [PMID: 34433507 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to quantify the cross-sectional associations between dietary fatty acid (DFA) patterns and cognitive function among Hispanic/Latino adults. This study included data from 8,942 participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a population-based cohort study (weighted age 56.2 y and proportion female 55.2%). The NCI (National Cancer Institute) method was used to estimate dietary intake from two 24-hr recalls. We derived DFA patterns using principal components analysis with 26 fatty acid and total plant and animal monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) input variables. Global cognitive function was calculated as the average z-score of 4 neurocognitive tests. Survey linear regression models included multiple potential confounders such as age, sex, education, depressive symptoms, physical activity, energy intake, and cardiovascular disease. DFA patterns were characterized by consumption of long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFA), animal-based MUFA, and trans fatty acids (Factor 1); short to medium-chain SFA (Factor 2); very-long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (Factor 3); very-long-chain SFA and plant-based MUFA and PUFA (Factor 4). Factor 2 was associated with greater scores for global cognitive function (β=0.037 ± 0.012) and the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) (β=0.56±0.17), Brief Spanish English Verbal Learning-Sum (B-SEVLT) (β=0.23 ± 0.11), and B-SEVLT-Recall (β=0.11 ± 0.05) tests (P<0.05 for all). Factors 1 (β=0.04 ± 0.01) and 4 (β=0.70 ± 0.18) were associated with the DSS test (P<0.05 for all). Consumption of short to medium-chain SFA may be associated with higher cognitive function among U.S.-residing Hispanic/Latino adults. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Karazurna
- Department of Agriculture Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire
| | - Caitlin M Porter
- Department of Agriculture Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire
| | - Semra Aytur
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of New Hampshire
| | | | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
| | - Sabrina E Noel
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell
| | | | | | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Public Health
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
| | | | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University
| | | | | | - Ashley E Moncrieft
- Department of Center for Applied Research Care, University of South Carolina
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Sherman J Bigornia
- Department of Agriculture Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire
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26
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Sobczuk-Szul M, Mochol M, Nogalski Z, Pogorzelska-Przybyłek P. Fatty acid profile as affected by fat depot and the sex category of Polish Holstein-Friesian × Limousin fattening cattle fed silage ad libitum. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13516. [PMID: 33522059 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the fatty acid profiles of four types of fat depots from bulls, steers, and heifers. All animals were Polish Holstein-Friesian and Limousin crossbreds fattened semi-intensively-silage at libitum and concentrate in the amount corresponding to 30% of their net energy requirements. The fatty acid profile in intramuscular, intermuscular, and external and internal fat was determined. The intramuscular fat of bulls was most abundant in total PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs, and functional fatty acids C 18:2, C 20:4, and C 22:5 in comparison with steers and heifers. Regardless of sex category, intramuscular and external fat were characterized by higher levels of UFAs and a more desirable MUFA/SFA ratio than the remaining fat types. It should also be noted that external fat was more abundant in CLA than other fat types, and that the highest CLA content was found in bull fat, compared with the remaining sex categories of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sobczuk-Szul
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mochol
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Zenon Nogalski
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
| | - Paulina Pogorzelska-Przybyłek
- Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Quality Evaluation, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn-Kortowo, Poland
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27
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Queiroz MP, da Silva Lima M, de Melo MFFT, Queiroga RDCRDE, Bessa RJB, Alves SPA, Barbosa Soares JK. Maternal consumption of conjugated linoleic acid improves tolerance to glucose and hdl-cholesterol in the rat progeny. Food Funct 2021; 11:9075-9085. [PMID: 33026015 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our study evaluates the impacts of maternal consumption of different levels of CLA during pregnancy and lactation on physical and metabolic changes in the rat progeny. Three groups were formed: control (CG) - diet without CLA; CLA1 - diet containing 1% CLA; and CLA3 - diet containing 3% CLA. Murinometry, body fat collection, biochemical analysis, glycemic curves, liver fat amount, and fatty acid profiles of the liver were studied. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test (p < 0.05). The CLA3 group presented highest body weight, feed intake and BMI (p < 0.05). The retroperitoneal fat, epididymal fat, and body fat index were higher in the CLA1 and CLA3 groups (p < 0.05) but no difference was observed for mesenteric fat. Yet in contrast, the experimental groups presented lower abdominal circumference and glycemic curves when compared to the CG (p < 0.05). CLA1 and CLA3 groups presented higher values of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.05), yet no difference was found in serum triglycerides or LDL. The CLA3 group presented less n-3, n-6, total PUFA, and arachidonic acid in liver fat (p < 0.05). The CLA1 and CLA3 groups were higher in total MUFA in the liver fat. In conclusion, CLA when consumed during gestation and lactation increased: tolerance to glucose, HDL, and the body fat index in the offspring. Only the CLA3 group presented reduced total PUFA, n-3, n-6 and arachidonic acid in the offspring's liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelly Pires Queiroz
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Martiniano da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG, Brazil
| | | | - Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. and Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Rui José Branquinho Bessa
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Paula Almeida Alves
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil. and Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG, Brazil
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28
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Aglago EK, Murphy N, Huybrechts I, Nicolas G, Casagrande C, Fedirko V, Weiderpass E, Rothwell JA, Dahm CC, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Kaaks R, Katzke V, Schulze MB, Masala G, Agnoli C, Panico S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Bueno-de-Mesquita BH, Derksen JWG, Skeie G, Gram IT, Brustad M, Jakszyn P, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Ericson U, Wennberg M, Perez-Cornago A, Heath AK, Jenab M, Chajes V, Gunter MJ. Dietary intake and plasma phospholipid concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated and trans fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:865-882. [PMID: 33913149 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies examining the association between specific fatty acids and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk are inconclusive. We investigated the association between dietary estimates and plasma levels of individual and total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), industrial-processed trans (iTFA), and ruminant-sourced trans (rTFA) fatty acids, and CRC risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Baseline fatty acid intakes were estimated in 450 112 participants (6162 developed CRC, median follow-up = 15 years). In a nested case-control study, plasma phospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography in 433 colon cancer cases and 433 matched controls. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using Cox and conditional logistic regression, respectively. Dietary total SFA (highest vs lowest quintile, HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.80; 95%CI:0.69-0.92), myristic acid (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.83, 95%CI:0.74-0.93) and palmitic acid (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.81, 95%CI:0.70-0.93) were inversely associated with CRC risk. Plasma myristic acid was also inversely associated with colon cancer risk (highest vs lowest quartile, ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.51; 95%CI:0.32-0.83), whereas a borderline positive association was found for plasma stearic acid (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.63; 95%CI:1.00-2.64). Dietary total MUFA was inversely associated with colon cancer (per 1-SD increment, HR1-SD = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85-0.98), but not rectal cancer (HR1-SD = 1.04, 95%CI:0.95-1.15, Pheterogeneity = 0.027). Dietary iTFA, and particularly elaidic acid, was positively associated with rectal cancer (HR1-SD = 1.07, 95%CI:1.02-1.13). Our results suggest that total and individual saturated fatty acids and fatty acids of industrial origin may be relevant to the aetiology of CRC. Both dietary and plasma myristic acid levels were inversely associated with colon cancer risk, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elom K Aglago
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Geneviève Nicolas
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Corinne Casagrande
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Office of the Director, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- CESP, Faculté de médecine-Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation under Public Law, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation under Public Law, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network -ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7), Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Bas H Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Former senior scientist, Dept. for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W G Derksen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guri Skeie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Torhild Gram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magritt Brustad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alicia K Heath
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Veronique Chajes
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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29
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Evaluation of Chemical and Nutritional Changes in Chips, Chicken Nuggets, and Broccoli after Deep-Frying with Extra Virgin Olive Oil, Canola, and Grapeseed Oils. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/7319013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the food nutritional profiles of potato chips, chicken nuggets, and broccoli and their palatability after deep-frying with different oils. The trials consisted of 4 cycles of deep-frying at 180°C for 4 minutes using extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), canola, and grapeseed oils. Samples of food and oils were taken untreated and after the treatments for sensorial and chemical analysis. EVOO and canola oil deep-fried food were preferred by their colour, but canola fried food was disliked because of its flavour. Results showed that there is a transference between food and oils regarding fatty acid profile and antioxidant content as well as trans fatty acids (TFAs) and polar compounds (PCs). All food presented more antioxidants and monounsaturated fatty acids after having been cooked with EVOO than after cooking with canola and grapeseed oils. Highest PCs in food were found when using canola oil and grapeseed oils. EVOO was shown to decrease the PCs in chips and chicken nuggets. PCs were not detected in raw broccoli, and broccoli cooked in EVOO showed the lowest PCs content. Canola and grapeseed oils increased the TFAs in food, whereas EVOO decreased the TFAs in the chips and maintained the initial TFAs levels in chicken nuggets and broccoli. This study shows that EVOO improves the nutritional profile of the food when compared with canola and grapeseed oils when deep-frying without any negative impact on palatability or appearance.
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Verma A, Meitei NS, Gajbhiye PU, Raftery MJ, Ambatipudi K. Comparative Analysis of Milk Triglycerides Profile between Jaffarabadi Buffalo and Holstein Friesian Cow. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120507. [PMID: 33322613 PMCID: PMC7764747 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk lipids are known for a variety of biological functions, however; little is known about compositional variation across breeds, especially for Jaffarabadi buffalo, an indigenous Indian breed. Systematic profiling of extracted milk lipids was performed by mass spectrometry across summer and winter in Holstein Friesian cow and Jaffarabadi buffalo. Extensive MS/MS spectral analysis for the identification (ID) of probable lipid species using software followed by manual verification and grading of each assigned lipid species enabled ID based on (a) parent ion, (b) head group, and (c) partial/full acyl characteristic ions for comparative profiling of triacylglycerols between the breeds. Additionally, new triacylglycerol species with short-chain fatty acids were reported by manual interpretation of MS/MS spectra and comparison with curated repositories. Collectively, 1093 triacylglycerol species belonging to 141 unique sum compositions between the replicates of both the animal groups were identified. Relative quantitation at sum composition level followed by statistical analyses revealed changes in relative abundances of triacylglycerol species due to breed, season, and interaction effect of the two. Significant changes in triacylglycerols were observed between breeds (81%) and seasons (59%). When the interaction effect is statistically significant, a higher number of triacylglycerols species in Jaffarabadi has lesser seasonal variation than Holstein Friesian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ningombam Sanjib Meitei
- Luhup Private Limited, Indore 452001, India
- Ningombam Angouton Memorial Trust, Imphal East, Manipur 795008, India
| | - Prakash U Gajbhiye
- Cattle Breeding Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362001, India
| | - Mark J Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Rodriguez J, Neyrinck AM, Zhang Z, Seethaler B, Nazare JA, Robles Sánchez C, Roumain M, Muccioli GG, Bindels LB, Cani PD, Maquet V, Laville M, Bischoff SC, Walter J, Delzenne NM. Metabolite profiling reveals the interaction of chitin-glucan with the gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1810530. [PMID: 32893709 PMCID: PMC7524357 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1810530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fibers are considered beneficial nutrients for health. Current data suggest that their interaction with the gut microbiota largely contributes to their physiological effects. In this context, chitin-glucan (CG) improves metabolic disorders associated with obesity in mice, but its effect on gut microbiota has never been evaluated in humans. This study explores the effect of a 3-week intervention with CG supplementation in healthy individuals on gut microbiota composition and bacterial metabolites. CG was given to healthy volunteers (n = 15) for three weeks as a supplement (4.5 g/day). Food diary, visual analog and Bristol stool form scales and a "quality of life" survey were analyzed. Among gut microbiota-derived metabolites, bile acids (BA), long- and short-chain fatty acids (LCFA, SCFA) profiling were assessed in stool samples. The gut microbiota (primary outcome) was analyzed by Illumina sequencing. A 3-week supplementation with CG is well tolerated in healthy humans. CG induces specific changes in the gut microbiota composition, with Eubacterium, Dorea and Roseburia genera showing the strongest regulation. In addition, CG increased bacterial metabolites in feces including butyric, iso-valeric, caproic and vaccenic acids. No major changes were observed for the fecal BA profile following CG intervention. In summary, our work reveals new potential bacterial genera and gut microbiota-derived metabolites characterizing the interaction between an insoluble dietary fiber -CG- and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rodriguez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M. Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Rhône-Alpes Research Center for Human Nutrition, Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Cándido Robles Sánchez
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Roumain
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G. Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D. Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,WELBIO- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Martine Laville
- Rhône-Alpes Research Center for Human Nutrition, Université-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stephan C. Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,APC Microbiome Ireland, Department of Medicine, and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathalie M. Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,CONTACT Nathalie M. Delzenne Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200Brussels, Belgium
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de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Rabaeus M. New and traditional foods in a modernized Mediterranean diet model. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 72:47-54. [PMID: 30487564 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean diet is definitely one of the healthiest dietary models. Next questions are: is the traditional Mediterranean diet adapted to the modern environmental and existential conditions? Could and/or should it be "modernized" to adapt to the various geographical, environmental, ethnic, and religious characteristics? If "modernization" is required, which traditional Mediterranean foods should be imperatively conserved as they are? Alternatively, which "new" foods-not traditional or not Mediterranean-could be introduced to help people to still respect the basic healthy Mediterranean diet principles? The present article intends to help solving these new questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel de Lorgeril
- Coeur et Nutrition, School of Medicine, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France.
| | - Patricia Salen
- Coeur et Nutrition, School of Medicine, Grenoble Alps University, Grenoble, France
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Bojková B, Winklewski PJ, Wszedybyl-Winklewska M. Dietary Fat and Cancer-Which Is Good, Which Is Bad, and the Body of Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114114. [PMID: 32526973 PMCID: PMC7312362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) induces changes in gut microbiota leading to activation of pro-inflammatory pathways, and obesity, as a consequence of overnutrition, exacerbates inflammation, a known risk factor not only for cancer. However, experimental data showed that the composition of dietary fat has a greater impact on the pathogenesis of cancer than the total fat content in isocaloric diets. Similarly, human studies did not prove that a decrease in total fat intake is an effective strategy to combat cancer. Saturated fat has long been considered as harmful, but the current consensus is that moderate intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), including palmitic acid (PA), does not pose a health risk within a balanced diet. In regard to monounsaturated fat, plant sources are recommended. The consumption of plant monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), particularly from olive oil, has been associated with lower cancer risk. Similarly, the replacement of animal MUFAs with plant MUFAs decreased cancer mortality. The impact of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on cancer risk depends on the ratio between ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs. In vivo data showed stimulatory effects of ω-6 PUFAs on tumour growth while ω-3 PUFAs were protective, but the results of human studies were not as promising as indicated in preclinical reports. As for trans FAs (TFAs), experimental data mostly showed opposite effects of industrially produced and natural TFAs, with the latter being protective against cancer progression, but human data are mixed, and no clear conclusion can be made. Further studies are warranted to establish the role of FAs in the control of cell growth in order to find an effective strategy for cancer prevention/treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Bojková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Pawel J. Winklewski
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Pomeranian University of Slupsk, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-58-3491515
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Progress towards eliminating industrially produced trans-fatty acids in the Canadian marketplace, 2013-2017. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:2257-2267. [PMID: 32482203 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980019004816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of partially hydrogenated oils (PHO), hydrogenated oils (HO) and/or both in Canadian packaged foods in 2013 and 2017 and to determine the mean trans-fatty acid (TFA) content of products declaring such oils. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional study of the Food Label Information Program. SETTING Food labels (n 32 875) were collected from top Canadian grocery retailers in 2013 and 2017. Proportions of products declaring PHO, HO and/or both in the Ingredients List were calculated by year and food category. The percentage contribution of TFA (g) to total fat (g) was calculated and compared against the voluntary TFA limits, defined as <2 % of total fat content for fats and oils, and <5 % for all other foods. Foods exceeding limits were identified. The mean TFA content (in g/serving and per 100 g) was calculated for products with these oils. RESULTS The use of PHO, HO and/or both significantly decreased in Canadian foods from 2013 to 2017 (0·8 to 0·2 %, 5 to 2·4 % and 5·7 to 2·6 %, respectively, for PHO, HO and/or both). The mean TFA content of products containing PHO increased (0·34 to 0·57 g TFA/serving); although it was not statistically significant, it is still concerning that TFA content increased. The TFA content significantly decreased in foods with HO (0·24 to 0·16 g TFA/serving, P < 0·05) during 2013-2017. CONCLUSIONS Products with PHO continue to be present in the Canadian marketplace, despite voluntary efforts to eliminate them. Products with HO should also be monitored, as they can also contribute to TFA content in foods.
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Plasma Trans Fatty Acid Levels, Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Lifestyle: Results from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051419. [PMID: 32423040 PMCID: PMC7284775 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intake of industrially produced trans fatty acids (iTFAs) has previously been associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension and inflammation, as well as increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. iTFA intake declined in Norway after the introduction of legislative bans against iTFA consumption. However, the relationship between the current iTFA intake and CV health is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between current iTFA intake, reflected by plasma iTFA levels, and established CV risk factors. We also examined the associations between plasma ruminant TFA levels and CV risk factors. In this cross-sectional study, we included 3706 participants from a Norwegian general population, born in 1950 and residing in Akershus County, Norway. The statistical method was multivariable linear regression. Plasma iTFA levels were inversely associated with serum triglycerides (p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose (p < 0.001), body mass index (p < 0.001), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.001 and p = 0.03) and C-reactive protein (p = 0.001). Furthermore, high plasma iTFA levels were associated with higher education and less smoking and alcohol consumption. We found that plasma ruminant trans fatty acids (rTFA) levels were favorably associated with CV risk factors. Furthermore, plasma iTFA levels were inversely associated with CV risk factors. However, our results might have been driven by lifestyle factors. Overall, our findings suggest that the current low intake of iTFAs in Norway does not constitute a threat to CV health.
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Oteng AB, Kersten S. Mechanisms of Action of trans Fatty Acids. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:697-708. [PMID: 31782488 PMCID: PMC7231579 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human studies have established a positive association between the intake of industrial trans fatty acids and the development of cardiovascular diseases, leading several countries to enact laws that restrict the presence of industrial trans fatty acids in food products. However, trans fatty acids cannot be completely eliminated from the human diet since they are also naturally present in meat and dairy products of ruminant animals. Moreover, bans on industrial trans fatty acids have not yet been instituted in all countries. The epidemiological evidence against trans fatty acids by far overshadows mechanistic insights that may explain how trans fatty acids achieve their damaging effects. This review focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the deleterious effects of trans fatty acids by juxtaposing effects of trans fatty acids against those of cis-unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids (SFAs). This review also carefully explores the argument that ruminant trans fatty acids have differential effects from industrial trans fatty acids. Overall, in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate that industrial trans fatty acids promote inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, although to a lesser degree than SFAs, whereas cis-unsaturated fatty acids are protective against ER stress and inflammation. Additionally, industrial trans fatty acids promote fat storage in the liver at the expense of adipose tissue compared with cis-unsaturated fatty acids and SFAs. In cultured hepatocytes and adipocytes, industrial trans fatty acids, but not cis-unsaturated fatty acids or SFAs, stimulate the cholesterol synthesis pathway by activating sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 2-mediated gene regulation. Interestingly, although industrial and ruminant trans fatty acids show similar effects on human plasma lipoproteins, in preclinical models, only industrial trans fatty acids promote inflammation, ER stress, and cholesterol synthesis. Overall, clearer insight into the molecular mechanisms of action of trans fatty acids may create new therapeutic windows for the treatment of diseases characterized by disrupted lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antwi-Boasiako Oteng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Leong WYA, Ngiam JN, Tan RS, Lim SL, Poh KK. Controversies and discrepancies in the effect of dietary fat and cholesterol on cardiovascular risk. Singapore Med J 2020; 62:56-62. [PMID: 32312028 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The top ten causes of death in Singapore include many cardiovascular-related diseases such as ischaemic heart disease. The increasing prevalence of CVD poses a burden to both the economy and healthcare system of a country. Dietary habits, in particular dietary fats and cholesterol intake, have been shown to greatly influence CVD risks. Therefore, reference and adherence to relevant dietary guidelines could be crucial in CVD prevention. Recent research findings have provided novel insights into the relationship between certain dietary fats or cholesterol intake and CVD risks, challenging or reinforcing previous guidelines. These findings may, however, be conflicting, and there are still controversies over the effects of dietary fats and cholesterol as well as their association with cardiovascular risk. This review paper aims to evaluate common controversies, identify gaps in relevant research areas and summarise evidence-based dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ru San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Lin Lim
- Department of Dietetics, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kian Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Currently, the prevention and treatment of CVD have been a global focus since CVD is the number one cause of mortality and morbidity. In the pathogenesis of CVD, it was generally thought that impaired cholesterol homeostasis might be a risk factor. Cholesterol homeostasis is affected by exogenous factors (i.e. diet) and endogenous factors (i.e. certain receptors, enzymes and transcription factors). In this context, the number of studies investigating the potential mechanisms of dietary fatty acids on cholesterol homeostasis have increased in recent years. As well, the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor is a multifunctional membrane receptor involved in fatty acid uptake, lipid metabolism, atherothrombosis and inflammation. CD36 is proposed to be a crucial molecule for cholesterol homeostasis in various mechanisms including absorption/reabsorption, synthesis, and transport of cholesterol and bile acids. Moreover, it has been reported that the amount of fatty acids and fatty acid pattern of the diet influence the CD36 level and CD36-mediated cholesterol metabolism principally in the liver, intestine and macrophages. In these processes, CD36-mediated cholesterol and lipoprotein homeostasis might be impaired by dietary SFA and trans-fatty acids, whereas ameliorated by MUFA in the diet. The effects of PUFA on CD36-mediated cholesterol homeostasis are controversial depending on the amount of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA, and the n-3:n-6 PUFA ratio. Thus, since the CD36 receptor is suggested to be a novel nutrient-sensitive biomarker, the role of CD36 and dietary fatty acids in cholesterol metabolism might be considered in medical nutrition therapy in the near future. Therefore, the novel nutritional target of CD36 and interventions that focus on dietary fatty acids and potential mechanisms underlying cholesterol homeostasis are discussed in this review.
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Trinchese G, Cavaliere G, Cimmino F, Catapano A, Carta G, Pirozzi C, Murru E, Lama A, Meli R, Bergamo P, Banni S, Mollica MP. Decreased Metabolic Flexibility in Skeletal Muscle of Rat Fed with a High-Fat Diet Is Recovered by Individual CLA Isomer Supplementation via Converging Protective Mechanisms. Cells 2020; 9:E823. [PMID: 32235294 PMCID: PMC7226748 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy balance, mitochondrial dysfunction, obesity, and insulin resistance are disrupted by metabolic inflexibility while therapeutic interventions are associated with improved glucose/lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Conjugated linoleic acid mixture (CLA) exhibited anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects; however, the modulatory ability of its isomers (cis9, trans11, C9; trans10, cis12, C10) on the metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle remains to be demonstrated. Metabolic inflexibility was induced in rat by four weeks of feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD). At the end of this period, the beneficial effects of C9 or C10 on body lipid content, energy expenditure, pro-inflammatory cytokines, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial efficiency were examined. Moreover, oxidative stress markers, fatty acids, palmitoyletanolamide (PEA), and oleyletanolamide (OEA) contents along with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-alpha (PPARα), AKT, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression were evaluated in skeletal muscle to investigate the underlying biochemical mechanisms. The presented results indicate that C9 intake reduced mitochondrial efficiency and oxidative stress and increased PEA and OEA levels more efficiently than C10 while the anti-inflammatory activity of C10, and its regulatory efficacy on glucose homeostasis are associated with modulation of the PPARα/AMPK/pAKT signaling pathway. Our results support the idea that the dissimilar efficacy of C9 and C10 against the HFD-induced metabolic inflexibility may be consequential to their ability to activate different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Gianfranca Carta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Murru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Adriano Lama
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.P.); (A.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA 09042, Italy; (G.C.); (E.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.T.); (G.C.); (F.C.); (A.C.)
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Budimir K, Mozzon M, Toderi M, D’Ottavio P, Trombetta MF. Effect of Breed on Fatty Acid Composition of Meat and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Light Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030535. [PMID: 32210212 PMCID: PMC7143277 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The recognition of the role of food in the improvement and preservation of health is receiving more and more attention among consumers, especially in developed countries. Fats from red meats are considered quite unhealthy because of their high levels of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. Healthier lipid profiles of red meats can be achieved by a proper feed composition of animals, but other factors, such as breed, sex, and live weight, are able to affect the nutritional properties of meats. This investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of breed (Bergamasca, Italian Merino, and Sopravissana) on the fatty acid composition of invisible (intramuscular) and visible (subcutaneous) fats of light lambs reared in Central Italy transhumant farms. They recently gained a Protected Geographical Indication label (European Union, Commission Implementing Regulation No. 475/2013), as ”Agnello del Centro Italia”. It is an income opportunity for local farms that passes through the nutritional valorization of lamb meat. The indices of nutritional quality of fats have showed that the meat of Italian Merino and Sopravissana lambs had better nutritional quality than the Bergamasca breed. Abstract Lamb meat is the main product of Central Italy transhumant farms, where lambs are traditionally reared with their mothers on pastures and are supplemented with concentrates and/or hay from day 20–30 until slaughter. However, few data are available on the fatty acid (FA) composition of unweaned lambs reared by extensive systems in Central Italy. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of breed (Bergamasca, Italian Merino, and Sopravissana) on the FA composition of intramuscular (longissimus lumborum, LL) and subcutaneous (SC) fats of light lambs. Statistical analysis showed that breed had effect only on some FAs in LL muscle fat (C18:0, C20:0, C14:1, C16:1, C17:1, C18:3 n-3, trans and conjugated linoleic acid isomers) and in SC adipose tissue (C21:0, C16:1, C18:1, C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3, C18:1 trans isomers). Gas chromatography data in combination with a chemometric approach could have some potential to discriminate among breeds. Indices of nutritional quality of the lipids suggested that the meat of Italian Merino and Sopravissana lambs might have better nutritional quality than Bergamasca; further studies, involving a greater number of animals, are needed to confirm these early results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Mozzon
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.F.T.); Tel.: +39-071-2204926 (M.M.); +39-071-2204927 (M.F.T.)
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Vahmani P, Ponnampalam EN, Kraft J, Mapiye C, Bermingham EN, Watkins PJ, Proctor SD, Dugan MER. Bioactivity and health effects of ruminant meat lipids. Invited Review. Meat Sci 2020; 165:108114. [PMID: 32272342 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant meat (RM) is an excellent source of high-quality protein, B vitamins and trace minerals and plays an important role in global food and nutrition security. However, nutritional guidelines commonly recommend reduced intake of RM mainly because of its high saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, and more recently because of its perceived negative environmental impacts. RM is, however, rich in heart healthy cis-monounsaturated fatty acids and can be an important source of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in populations with low fish consumption. In addition, RM is a source of bioactive phospholipids, as well as rumen-derived bioactive fatty acids including branched-chain, vaccenic and rumenic acids, which have been associated with several health benefits. However, the role of bioactive RM lipids in maintaining and improving consumers' health have been generally ignored in nutritional guidelines. The present review examines RM lipids in relation to human health, and evaluates the effectiveness of different feeding strategies and possibilities for future profile and content improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Vahmani
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, 2201 Meyer Hall, Davis, California 95616, United States.
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Jana Kraft
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa.
| | | | - Peter J Watkins
- Commonwealth Scientific Industry Research Organisation, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribees, VIC 3030, Australia.
| | - Spencer D Proctor
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Michael E R Dugan
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta T4L 1W1, Canada.
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Pranger IG, Joustra ML, Corpeleijn E, Muskiet FAJ, Kema IP, Oude Elferink SJWH, Singh-Povel C, Bakker SJL. Fatty acids as biomarkers of total dairy and dairy fat intakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:46-63. [PMID: 30307550 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Dairy intake in humans is commonly assessed using questionnaires, but the data collected are often biased. As a result, there is increasing interest in biomarkers of dairy fat. To date, there has been no overview of the fatty acids suitable for use as biomarkers of dairy fat intake. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed to identify circulating fatty acids as biomarkers of total dairy and dairy fat intakes in the general population. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Knowledge databases were searched for eligible studies published until June 2017. Study Selection Articles were included when a correlation between circulating dairy fatty acids and intakes of total dairy and dairy fat was found, as measured by dietary assessment tools. Data Extraction Two authors extracted data independently and assessed the risk of bias. An adapted form of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment. Results Data were pooled using the random-effects model. Meta-analysis revealed that the fatty acids in plasma/serum were significantly correlated with intakes of total dairy (C14:0 [r = 0.15; 95%CI, 0.11 - 0.18], C15:0 [r = 0.20; 95%CI, 0.13 - 0.27], and C17:0 [r = 0.10; 95%CI, 0.03 - 0.16] and dairy fat (C14:0 [r = 0.16; 95%CI, 0.10 - 0.22], C15:0 [r = 0.33; 95%CI, 0.27 - 0.39], C17:0 [r = 0.19; 95%CI, 0.14 - 0.25], and trans-C16:1n-7 [r = 0.21; 95%CI, 0.14 - 0.29). Conclusions C14:0, C15:0, C17:0, and trans-C16:1n-7 were identified as biomarkers of total dairy and dairy fat intakes in the general population. In light of the suboptimal measurement techniques used in some studies, correlations with trans-C18:1n-7 and conjugated linoleic acid require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse G Pranger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monica L Joustra
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frits A J Muskiet
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ido P Kema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Effects of alfalfa particle size and starch content in diets on feeding behaviour, intake, rumen parameters, animal performance and meat quality of growing lambs. Meat Sci 2020; 161:107964. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Benhissi H, García-Rodríguez A, de Heredia IB. The effects of rapeseed cake intake during the finishing period on the fatty-acid composition of the longissimus muscle of Limousin steers and changes in meat colour and lipid oxidation during storage. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Cold-pressed rapeseed cake is a by-product of biodiesel manufacturing that can be obtained on-farm after simple mechanical extraction of the oil. It has a high crude fat content and contains significant amounts of linoleic acid, which make it a promising lipid supplement to modulate meat fatty acid profile. However, previous studies have indicated that using unsaturated fats in beef cattle diets could promote lipid oxidation and reduce meat redness. Aims The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation of intensively fattened beef steers with cold-pressed rapeseed cake on the fatty acid composition of beef fat and changes in measures of meat colour and lipid oxidation during 6 days of aerobic storage. Methods Sixteen Limousin steers were divided into two homogeneous groups and were fed ad libitum with barley straw and a concentrate mixture supplemented with either PROGRAS (PROGRAS at 2.7% of the diet, high in palmitic acid C16:0 from palm oil; CTR, experimental control; n = 8) or cold-pressed rapeseed cake (CPRC at 14.8% of the diet; CPRC treatment; n = 8) for a period of 9 months. The growth performance and carcass traits were assessed. The intramuscular fatty acids were analysed and the colour stability and lipid oxidation were measured in meat stored aerobically at 4°C for 0, 3 or 6 days. Key results Slaughter bodyweight and average daily gain were not affected by the inclusion of CPRC in the diet. Nor were there any changes in carcass weight, conformation or fatness. The longissimus thoracis from CPRC-fed animals depicted a higher UFA–SFA ratio and a lower atherogenic index than did that from animals fed CTR. Feeding CPRC increased the oleic acid , the vaccenic acid and the rumenic acid proportions in the muscle fat without affecting the ratio of C18:1 trans-10 to C18:1 trans-11. The extents of lipid oxidation and colour deterioration during aging were not affected by the dietary treatments. Conclusions The use of cold-pressed rapeseed cake as a lipid supplement in beef-steer diet improved the fatty acid profile of muscle fat without compromising meat oxidative stability, animal growth performance and carcass characteristics. Implications The supplementation of beef-steer diet with cold-pressed rapeseed cake could be an advantageous economical strategy allowing exploitation of an important by-product of small-scale biodiesel manufacturing to provide consumers with healthier meat.
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Sales F, Bravo-Lamas L, Realini CE, Lira R, Aldai N, Morales R. Grain supplementation of calves as an alternative beef production system to pasture-finished steers in Chilean Patagonia: meat quality and fatty acid composition. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:352-362. [PMID: 32704995 PMCID: PMC6993922 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Beef production in Chilean Patagonia is based on steer finishing on pastures with low nutritive value. Grain supplementation for finishing calves on pasture arises as an attractive alternative to shorten the finishing phase and improve the production efficiency of the traditional system. The aim of this study was to compare meat quality and fatty acid (FA) composition of beef from steers and calves. Forty Angus cross steers were raised on pasture and slaughtered at 18 to 20 mo of age (448 ± 31.7 kg body weight). An additional group of 10 calves from similar genetics was weaned at 9 mo of age (303 ± 8.0 kg) and subsequently supplemented with 2.5 kg corn plus 1.0 kg commercial concentrate daily while on pasture during 47 d, until they reached slaughter weight (316 ± 13.9 kg). All animals were slaughtered on the same day and the Longissimus thoracis muscle was removed from each carcass for meat quality and FA profile analysis. Hot carcass weight from calves was lighter than steers (174 ± 7.9 vs. 224 ± 17.5 kg, P ≤ 0.001). Meat from calves was lighter (higher L*) and less red (lower a*). In addition, meat from calves showed lower level of yellow pigments in subcutaneous fat (lower b*) compared with meat from steers (P ≤ 0.001). Meat from calves was more tender than meat from steers (P ≤ 0.05), although both shear force values were low and within recommendations for high consumer acceptability. Meat from both production systems showed fat content and FA profiles within dietary recommendations for a healthy diet. However, meat from calves was leaner (1.10 ± 0.29 vs. 2.00 ± 0.72% fat, P ≤ 0.001). Meat from calves showed lower percentages of saturated (P ≤ 0.05) and monounsaturated (P ≤ 0.001) FAs and higher percentages of polyunsaturated and n-3 (P ≤ 0.001) FAs and conjugated linoleic acid (total and 9c,11t-18:2 isomer, P ≤ 0.001) than meat from steers. Grain supplementation of calves on pasture can reduce the finishing period by 8 to 10 mo at the expense of lighter carcasses with similar or improved meat quality characteristics compared with the traditional finishing of steers on pasture. Implementation of the alternative production system will depend mainly on feed costs and target carcass weights for specific markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Kampenaike, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Leire Bravo-Lamas
- Grupo de Investigación Lactiker, Departamento de Farmacia y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Lira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Kampenaike, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Noelia Aldai
- Grupo de Investigación Lactiker, Departamento de Farmacia y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Remehue, Osorno, Chile
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46
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Matthan NR, Wylie-Rosett J, Xue X, Gao Q, Groisman-Perelstein AE, Diamantis PM, Ginsberg M, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Barger K, Lichtenstein AH. Effect of a Family-Based Intervention on Nutrient Biomarkers, Desaturase Enzyme Activities, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children with Overweight and Obesity. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzz138. [PMID: 31922084 PMCID: PMC6943838 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing dietary strategies to prevent excess weight gain during childhood is critical to stem the current obesity epidemic and associated adverse cardiometabolic consequences. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess how participation in a family-based weight-management intervention affected nutrient biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in children (7-12 y old; n = 321) with baseline BMI z score (BMIz) ≥85th percentile. METHODS This was a secondary analysis from a randomized-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial. Families of children, recruited from a largely Hispanic population, were assigned to Standard Care (SC; American Academy of Pediatrics overweight/obesity recommendations), or SC + Enhanced Program (SC + EP; 8 skill-building cores, monthly support sessions, targeted diet/physical activity strategies). Nutrient biomarkers (plasma carotenoids, fat-soluble vitamins, RBC fatty acid profiles, desaturase indexes) and CMRFs were measured in archived blood samples collected at baseline and the end of the 1-y intervention. RESULTS Children in both groups had significantly lower trans fatty acid and higher pentadecylic acid (15:0), PUFA n-3, and β-carotene concentrations, indicative of decreased hydrogenated fat and increased dairy, vegetable oil, fish, and fruit/vegetable intake, respectively. Similar changes were seen in de novo lipogenesis and desaturase indexes, as well as CMRFs (BMIz, lipid profile, inflammation, adipokines, liver enzymes) in both groups. Using multiple logistic regression, increase in carotenoids and decrease in endogenously synthesized SFA, MUFA, PUFA n-6, and desaturase indexes were associated with improvements in BMIz, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose metabolism, inflammatory biomarkers, adipokines, and liver enzymes. Trans fatty acids were associated with improvements in BMIz, glucose metabolism, and leptin, with less favorable effects on inflammatory markers and adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Providing targeted family-based behavioral counseling, as part of SC, can help overweight/obese children adopt healthier eating patterns that are associated with modest improvements in BMIz and several CMRFs. Limited additional benefit was observed with SC + EP. These results provide critical data to design subsequent interventions to increase the impact of family-based obesity prevention programs.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00851201.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Pamela M Diamantis
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mindy Ginsberg
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Barger
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core Unit, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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47
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[Trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in food: origin and biological properties]. NUTR HOSP 2019; 36:479-486. [PMID: 30839223 DOI: 10.20960/nh.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trans fatty acids (TFA) are minor lipid components present in different foods, including ruminant derived products, which have received great attention due to their relationship with cardiovascular disease risk. The origin of TFA in food is mainly related to the industrial hydrogenation processes of unsaturated vegetable oils, but they can also occur naturally in the digestive tract of ruminants by enzymatic biohydrogenation reactions. Both mechanisms generate similar TFA compounds. However, TFA consumption may exert different biological effects depending on the isomeric distribution, which is strongly influenced by the dietary source (i.e., industrial or natural). Industrial hydrogenated vegetable fats are rich in elaidic (trans-9 18:1) and trans-10 18:1 fatty acids, among others. In contrast, vaccenic acid (trans-11 18:1) is the major TFA isomer detected in milk and other ruminant derived products. Vaccenic acid is the physiological precursor of conjugated linoleic acid, a bioactive lipid with beneficial effects on human health. This article provides updated information on the biological effects and potential bioactive properties of TFA considering both, their chemical structure and provenance.
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Eighteen‑carbon trans fatty acids and inflammation in the context of atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 76:101009. [PMID: 31669459 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a pro-inflammatory state characterized by chronic activation of the endothelium, which leads to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intake of trans fatty acids (TFAs) is associated with an increased risk of CVD. This risk is usually associated with industrial TFAs (iTFAs) rather than ruminant TFAs (rTFAs); however it is not clear how specific TFA isomers differ in their biological activity and mechanisms of action with regard to inflammation. Here we review the literature on 18‑carbon TFAs, including the research associating their intake or levels with CVD and studies relating 18‑carbon TFA exposure to modulation of inflammatory processes. The evidence associating iTFAs with CVD risk factors is fairly consistent and studies in humans usually show a relation between iTFAs and higher levels of inflammatory markers. In contrast, studies in humans, animals and in vitro suggest that rTFAs have null or mildly beneficial effects in cardiovascular health, metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers, although the evidence is not always consistent. More studies are needed to better identify the beneficial and detrimental effects of the different TFAs, including those with 18 carbons.
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Use of Cold-Pressed Sunflower Cake in the Concentrate as a Low-Input Local Strategy to Modify the Milk Fatty Acid Profile of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100803. [PMID: 31615141 PMCID: PMC6826975 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Consumers demand healthier dairy products. Supplementing plant lipids, rich in poliunsaturated fatty acids, results in improved milk fatty acid profile, but these oils could enter into competition with human food needs and compromise animal performance. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of formulating cold-pressed sunflower cake (CPSC, high-fat by-product) in a dairy cows’ concentrate to improve milk fatty acid profile. Cold-pressed sunflower cake increased total trans-mono unsaturated fatty acids (21%), total conjugated linoleic acid (31%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio (18%), but did not affect milk production, digestibility, intake, and milk composition. However, reduced fat yield (9%) and fat corrected milk (7%) were observed. Feeding CPSC improved overall acceptability of milk by improving flavor. In conclusion, CPSC could modify milk FA profile without observing a detrimental effect on digestibility, production performance, or milk acceptance. Adopting feeding systems based on the use of cheaper and local alternative feedstuffs rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids would represent a good strategy to change milk fatty acid profile and contribute the promotion of low-input production systems. Abstract Cold-pressed sunflower cake (CPSC) is a cheap by-product of oil-manufacturing. Supplementing diets with CPSC, rich in fat and linoleic acid, could be an effective tool for increasing healthy fatty acids (FA) in milk. To test this hypothesis, 10 cows were used in a crossover design with two experimental diets fed during two 63-day periods. Cows’ milk production was recorded and samples were taken for fat, protein, lactose, and for FA composition analysis. Dry matter intake (DMI) and dry matter apparent digestibility (DMD) were estimated using two markers. Milk acceptance test was carried out. CPSC decreased milk C12:0 (10%, p = 0.023) and C16:0 (5%, p = 0.035) and increased C18:1 cis-12 (37%, p = 0.006), C18:1 trans-11 (32%, p = 0.005), C18:2 cis-9 cis-12 (13%, p = 0.004), and cis-9 trans-11 CLA (35%, p = 0.004). CPSC increased total trans-monounsaturated FA (21%, p = 0.003), total CLA (31%, p = 0.007), and PUFA:SFA ratio (18%, p = 0.006). CPSC did not affect milk production, DMD, DMI and milk composition, but reduced fat yield (9%, p = 0.013) and FCM (7%, p = 0.013). CPSC improved milk overall acceptability. In conclusion, CPSC could modify milk FA profile without a detrimental effect on digestibility, production performance, or milk acceptance.
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Till BE, Huntington JA, Posri W, Early R, Taylor-Pickard J, Sinclair LA. Influence of rate of inclusion of microalgae on the sensory characteristics and fatty acid composition of cheese and performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10934-10946. [PMID: 31563312 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Modification of milk and cheese fat to contain long-chain n-3 fatty acids (FA) by feeding microalgae (ALG) to dairy cows has the potential to improve human health, but the subsequent effect on the sensory attributes of dairy products is unclear. The objective was to determine the effect of feeding dairy cows different amounts of ALG that was rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on milk and cheese FA profile, cheese sensory attributes, and cow performance. Twenty Holstein dairy cows were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a 4 × 4 row and column design, with 4 periods of 28 d, with cheddar cheese production and animal performance measurements undertaken during the final 7 d of each period. Cows were fed a basal diet that was supplemented with ALG (Schizochytrium limancinum) at 4 rates: 0 (control, C), 50 (LA), 100 (MA), or 150 g (HA) of ALG per cow per day. We found that both milk and cheese fat content of DHA increased linearly with ALG feed rate and was 0.29 g/100 g FA higher in milk and cheese from cows fed HA compared with C. Supplementation with ALG linearly reduced the content of saturated FA and the ratio of n-6:n-3 FA in milk and cheese. Supplementation with ALG altered 20 out of the 32 sensory attributes, with a linear increase in cheese air holes, nutty flavor, and dry mouth aftertaste with ALG inclusion. Creaminess of cheese decreased with ALG inclusion rate and was positively correlated with saturated FA content. We also observed a quadratic effect on fruity odor, which was highest in cheese from cows fed HA and lowest in LA, and firmness and crumbliness texture, being highest in MA and lowest in HA. Supplementation with ALG had no effect on the dry matter intake, milk yield, or live weight change of the cows, with mean values of 23.1, 38.5, and 0.34 kg/d respectively, but milk fat content decreased linearly, and energy-corrected milk yield tended to decrease linearly with rate of ALG inclusion (mean values of 39.6, 38.4, 37.1, and 35.9 g/kg, and 41.3, 41.3, 40.5, and 39.4 kg/d for C, LA, MA, and HA, respectively). We conclude that feeding ALG to high-yielding dairy cows improved milk and cheese content of DHA and altered cheese taste but not cow performance, although milk fat content reduced as inclusion rate increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Till
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - J A Huntington
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - W Posri
- Department of Food Technology and Innovation, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - R Early
- Department of Food Technology and Innovation, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - J Taylor-Pickard
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Summerhill Road, Dunboyne, Ireland A86 X006
| | - L A Sinclair
- Department of Animal Production, Welfare and Veterinary Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK.
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