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Deng C, Li M, Liu Y, Yan C, He Z, Chen ZY, Zhu H. Cholesterol Oxidation Products: Potential Adverse Effect and Prevention of Their Production in Foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18645-18659. [PMID: 38011512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are a group of substances formed during food processing. COPs in diet is a health concern because they may affect human health in association with the risk of various diseases including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, age-related macular degeneration, diabetes, and chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory colitis. Production of COPs in foods can be affected by many factors such as temperature, pH, light, oxygen, water, carbohydrates, fatty acids, proteins, and metal cations. The key issue is preventing its generation in foods. Some COPs can also be produced in vivo by both nonenzymatic and enzymatic-catalyzed oxidation reactions. Currently, a number of natural antioxidants such as catechins, flavonoids, and other polyphenols have been proven to inhibit the generation of COPs. In addition, measures taken during food processing can also minimize the production of COPs, such as the Maillard reaction and marinating food with plant polyphenol-rich seasonings. In conclusion, a comprehensive approach encompassing the suppression on COPs generation and implementation of processing measures is imperative to safeguard human health against the production of COPs in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanling Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong China
- School of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong China
| | - Chi Yan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT 999077, Hong Kong China
| | - Zouyan He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT 999077, Hong Kong China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong China
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Zhou Y, Hua J, Huang Z. Effects of beer, wine, and baijiu consumption on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Potential implications of the flavor compounds in the alcoholic beverages. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1022977. [PMID: 36687705 PMCID: PMC9852916 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1022977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease and its global incidence is estimated to be 24%. Beer, wine, and Chinese baijiu have been consumed worldwide including by the NAFLD population. A better understanding of the effects of these alcoholic beverages on NAFLD would potentially improve management of patients with NAFLD and reduce the risks for progression to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is evidence suggesting some positive effects, such as the antioxidative effects of bioactive flavor compounds in beer, wine, and baijiu. These effects could potentially counteract the oxidative stress caused by the metabolism of ethanol contained in the beverages. In the current review, the aim is to evaluate and discuss the current human-based and laboratory-based study evidence of effects on hepatic lipid metabolism and NAFLD from ingested ethanol, the polyphenols in beer and wine, and the bioactive flavor compounds in baijiu, and their potential mechanism. It is concluded that for the potential beneficial effects of wine and beer on NAFLD, inconsistence and contrasting data exist suggesting the need for further studies. There is insufficient baijiu specific human-based study for the effects on NAFLD. Although laboratory-based studies on baijiu showed the antioxidative effects of the bioactive flavor compounds on the liver, it remains elusive whether the antioxidative effect from the relatively low abundance of the bioactivate compounds could outweigh the oxidative stress and toxic effects from the ethanol component of the beverages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhou
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (SUSE), Zigong, Sichuan, China,Liquor-Making Biotechnology and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (SUSE), Zigong, Sichuan, China,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jin Hua
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (SUSE), Zigong, Sichuan, China,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Huang
- School of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (SUSE), Zigong, Sichuan, China,Liquor-Making Biotechnology and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering (SUSE), Zigong, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Zhiguo Huang,
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3
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Luo T, Jiang JG. Anticancer Effects and Molecular Target of Theaflavins from Black Tea Fermentation in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15052-15065. [PMID: 34878780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Black tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world, and numerous epidemiological studies have shown that drinking black tea is good for health. As a natural tea pigment formed during the fermentation of black tea, the content of theaflavins accounts for only 2-6% of the dry weight of black tea, but they have a great impact on the color and taste of black tea soup. Recently, a large number of studies have shown that theaflavins have a significant anticancer effect. In this Perspective, we first state the physical and chemical properties, separation and purification methods, and biological formation pathways of theaflavins and analyze their safety and oral bioavailability and the structure-activity relationship of their antioxidant and anticancer activities; then, we describe in detail their anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo and highlight their various molecular targets involved in cancer inhibition. The anticancer molecular targets of theaflavins are mainly cell-cycle regulatory proteins, apoptosis-related proteins, cell-migration-related proteins, and growth transcription factors. Finally, the possibility of developing new health-care food based on theaflavins is discussed. This Perspective is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the anticancer application of theaflavins in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Luo
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Ali A, Ponnampalam EN, Pushpakumara G, Cottrell JJ, Suleria HAR, Dunshea FR. Cinnamon: A Natural Feed Additive for Poultry Health and Production-A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2026. [PMID: 34359154 PMCID: PMC8300125 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics and consumer awareness about the health and food safety concerns have triggered the ban on the use of antibiotic growth promotors (AGPs) in the poultry industry. This situation encouraged the poultry sector and industry to explore safe alternatives to AGPs and focus on developing more sustainable feed management strategies to improve the intestinal health and growth performance of poultry. Consequently, phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) have emerged as natural alternatives to AGPs and have great potential in the poultry industry. In recent years, cinnamon (one of the most widely used spices) has attracted attention from researchers as a natural product with numerous health benefits for poultry. The essential oils in cinnamon, in particular, are of interest because of their antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and hypocholesterolaemic effects, in addition to their ability to stimulate digestive enzymes in the gut. This review mainly emphasizes the potential impact of cinnamon as a natural feed additive on overall gut health, nutrient digestibility, blood biochemical profile, gene expression, gut microbiota and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Eric N. Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia;
| | - Gamini Pushpakumara
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Jeremy J. Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (J.J.C.); (H.A.R.S.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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ISHIMOTO EY, VICENTE SJV, CRUZ RJ, TORRES EAFDS. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of grape processing by-products in high-fat/cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemic hamsters. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.32619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Minzer S, Estruch R, Casas R. Wine Intake in the Framework of a Mediterranean Diet and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases: A Short Literature Review of the Last 5 Years. Molecules 2020; 25:E5045. [PMID: 33143082 PMCID: PMC7663679 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary habits are a determining factor of the higher incidence and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In the aim to find a possible preventive and intervention strategy, the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been proposed as an effective approach. Within the MedDiet, moderate wine consumption with meals is a positive item in the MedDiet score; however, recent studies have reported a dose-response association between alcohol consumption and higher risk of a large number of NCDs. This review aimed to evaluate the association between NCDs and wine consumption in the framework of the MedDiet, with a simple review of 22 studies of the highest-level literature published over the last five years. We found that the information regarding the effects of wine in different health outcomes has not varied widely over the past five years, finding inconclusive results among the studies evaluated. Most of the literature agrees that light to moderate wine intake seems to have beneficial effects to some extent in NCDs, such as hypertension, cancer, dyslipidemia and dementia, but no definitive recommendations can be made on a specific dose intake that can benefit most diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Minzer
- El Pino Hospital, Avenida Padre Hurtado, San Bernardo, 13560 Santiago de Chile, Chile;
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) 06/03, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Center for Biomedical Research Network (CIBER) 06/03, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Ferraz da Costa DC, Pereira Rangel L, Quarti J, Santos RA, Silva JL, Fialho E. Bioactive Compounds and Metabolites from Grapes and Red Wine in Breast Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153531. [PMID: 32752302 PMCID: PMC7436232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals and their metabolites are not considered essential nutrients in humans, although an increasing number of well-conducted studies are linking their higher intake with a lower incidence of non-communicable diseases, including cancer. This review summarizes the current findings concerning the molecular mechanisms of bioactive compounds from grapes and red wine and their metabolites on breast cancer—the most commonly occurring cancer in women—chemoprevention and treatment. Flavonoid compounds like flavonols, monomeric catechins, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins and non-flavonoid phenolic compounds, such as resveratrol, as well as their metabolites, are discussed with respect to structure and metabolism/bioavailability. In addition, a broad discussion regarding in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials about the chemoprevention and therapy using these molecules is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielly C. Ferraz da Costa
- Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (D.C.F.d.C.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Luciana Pereira Rangel
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Julia Quarti
- Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
| | - Ronimara A. Santos
- Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental, Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil; (D.C.F.d.C.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Jerson L. Silva
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondences: (J.L.S.); (E.F.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-6756 (J.L.S.); +55-21-3938-6799 (E.F.)
| | - Eliane Fialho
- Departamento de Nutrição Básica e Experimental, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil;
- Correspondences: (J.L.S.); (E.F.); Tel.: +55-21-3938-6756 (J.L.S.); +55-21-3938-6799 (E.F.)
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8
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Perestrelo R, Bordiga M, Locatelli M, Silva C, Câmara JS. Polyphenols, biogenic amines and amino acids patterns in Verdelho wines according to vintage. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Kalt W. Anthocyanins and Their C 6-C 3-C 6 Metabolites in Humans and Animals. Molecules 2019; 24:E4024. [PMID: 31703276 PMCID: PMC6891644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the bioavailability of anthocyanins has focused, historically, on the non-flavonoid (C6-Cn) products that arise from anthocyanins in vivo. However, this review focuses on the products of anthocyanins that still possess the flavonoid structure (C6-C3-C6). Described herein are aspects of the in vivo pool of C6-C3-C6 anthocyanin-derived intermediates. Properties related to molecular size, shape, and polarity conveyed by six major anthocyanidin structures are discussed. The presence of a glycoside or not, and a variety of possible phase 2 conjugates, gives rise to a chemically diverse pool of C6-C3-C6 intermediates. Chemical properties influence the in vivo stability of anthocyanin-derived products, as well as their suitability as a substrate for xenobiotic conjugation and transport, and their association with the biomatrix. The flavonoid structure is associated with bioactivity and the particular properties of these C6-C3-C6 products of anthocyanins determines their deposition in the body, which may influence in vivo processes and ultimately health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina Kalt
- Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada (Retired). 212 Foley Road, RR#3 Centreville, NS B0P 1J0, Canada
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10
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Ghaedi E, Moradi S, Aslani Z, Kord-Varkaneh H, Miraghajani M, Mohammadi H. Effects of grape products on blood lipids: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2019; 10:6399-6416. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01248f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Grape products through several plausible mechanisms-of-action are reported to improve lipid profile. The present systematic review revealed that grape product supplementation might have a positive effect on achieving a lipid profile target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC)
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)
- Tehran
- Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Centre of IRI
- FDA
- Tehran
- Iran
- Nutritional Sciences Department
| | - Zahra Aslani
- Department of Community Nutrition
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Student Research Committee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
| | - Maryam Miraghajani
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
- The Early Life Research Unit
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition
- School of Nutrition and Food Science
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
- Isfahan
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11
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Amor S, Châlons P, Aires V, Delmas D. Polyphenol Extracts from Red Wine and Grapevine: Potential Effects on Cancers. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6040106. [PMID: 30453669 PMCID: PMC6313659 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine has been popular worldwide for many centuries and currently remains an important component of our diet. Scientific interest in wine and its health effects has grown considerably since the 1990s with the emergence of the “French Paradox” concept, correlating moderate wine consumption, a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, and low incidence of coronary heart diseases. Since then, the positive effects on health, health promotion, disease prevention, and disease prognosis of moderate wine consumption, in particular red wine, have been attributed to its polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, quercetin, and other flavonoids acting as antioxidants. Several epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro, studies have reported that moderate red wine or red wine polyphenolic extract consumption may be active in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, degenerative pathologies, and cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current findings about the effects of red wine polyphenols on cancer and to discuss how the polyphenolic composition of red wine may influence its chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheila Amor
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Pauline Châlons
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Virginie Aires
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Dominique Delmas
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
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12
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Amor S, Châlons P, Aires V, Delmas D. Polyphenol Extracts from Red Wine and Grapevine: Potential Effects on Cancers. DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018. [PMID: 30453669 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6040106]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Wine has been popular worldwide for many centuries and currently remains an important component of our diet. Scientific interest in wine and its health effects has grown considerably since the 1990s with the emergence of the "French Paradox" concept, correlating moderate wine consumption, a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet, and low incidence of coronary heart diseases. Since then, the positive effects on health, health promotion, disease prevention, and disease prognosis of moderate wine consumption, in particular red wine, have been attributed to its polyphenolic compounds such as resveratrol, quercetin, and other flavonoids acting as antioxidants. Several epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro, studies have reported that moderate red wine or red wine polyphenolic extract consumption may be active in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, degenerative pathologies, and cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current findings about the effects of red wine polyphenols on cancer and to discuss how the polyphenolic composition of red wine may influence its chemopreventive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheila Amor
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Pauline Châlons
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Virginie Aires
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
| | - Dominique Delmas
- Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon F-21000, France.
- Centre de Recherche INSERM U1231-Cancer and Adaptative Immune Response Team⁻Bioactive Molecules and Health research group, Dijon F-21000, France.
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13
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Nash V, Ranadheera CS, Georgousopoulou EN, Mellor DD, Panagiotakos DB, McKune AJ, Kellett J, Naumovski N. The effects of grape and red wine polyphenols on gut microbiota - A systematic review. Food Res Int 2018; 113:277-287. [PMID: 30195522 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence implicating the gut 'microbiome' role in overall human health. Bacterial species belonging to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are generally considered to be beneficial and are commonly used in probiotic applications, whereas increases in some genera including Clostridum, Eubacterium and Bacteroides are implicated in negative health outcomes. Dietary polyphenols are bioactive compounds that have been found to increase the numbers of beneficial bacteria and antimicrobial actions against pathogenic bacteria, however most studies have been conducted in animal models or in-vitro colonic models. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of recent trials on the effect of dietary grape and red wine polyphenols on the gut microbiota in humans. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted of electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Wed of Science and Scopus) to identify human intervention trials examining the effect of grape or wine polyphenols on gut microbiota. Seven trials met the inclusion criteria. One study looked at changes in gut microbiota following the ingestion of de-alcoholised red wine or red wine, and six studies referred to gut microbiota as intermediates in formation of phenolic metabolites. All studies confirmed that ingested polyphenols from grape and red wine, were modulated by gut microbiota, increasing numbers of polyphenolic metabolites which were found in blood, urine, ileal fluid and faeces. Intake of polyphenols derived from grape and red wine can modulate gut microbiota and contribute to beneficial microbial ecology that can enhance human health benefits. Additionally, grape and red wine polyphenols were modulated by the gut microbiota and there is a potential for a two-way relationship between the gut microbiota and polyphenolic compounds. Nevertheless, additional research is required to fully understand the complex relationship between gut microbiota and dietary polyphenols before any health claims can be made in relation to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Nash
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - C Senaka Ranadheera
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Duane D Mellor
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, UC-RISE, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jane Kellett
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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Kalt W, McDonald JE, Vinqvist-Tymchuk MR, Liu Y, Fillmore SAE. Human anthocyanin bioavailability: effect of intake duration and dosing. Food Funct 2018; 8:4563-4569. [PMID: 29115354 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01074e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While in vitro and animal evidence supports a role for anthocyanins in human health, future opportunities in berry health benefits will rest upon evidence from clinical intervention trials. Because little is known about the behaviour of anthocyanins during long term intake in humans, several clinical design factors were examined. Urine from volunteers (n = 17) who consumed blueberry juice daily was analysed using LC-MS/MS for predicted flavonoid-based products of anthocyanins in relation to a 5-day anthocyanin-free run-in, 28 days of blueberry juice intake, a 7-day washout and two dosing regimens. Total and parent anthocyanin content in urine varied 10-fold among the 17 participants. A high 24-0 h total anthocyanin excretion was associated with high anthocyanin retention (i.e. 0 h, before blueberry juice intake). Total anthocyanin excretion was not different before and after up to 7 days of washout indicative of a slow release of anthocyanins. Urinary excretion of anthocyanins declined during the 36-day study. The 24-0 h excretion was greater for total anthocyanins but not for parent anthocyanins when daily blueberry juice was taken all at once rather than as ⅓ doses taken thrice daily. However parent anthocyanins were retained better (higher 0 h) with 1× dosing. These findings could aid in the design of clinical research on anthocyanins and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina Kalt
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, 32 Main St, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada.
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15
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Zhong S, Sandhu A, Edirisinghe I, Burton‐Freeman B. Characterization of Wild Blueberry Polyphenols Bioavailability and Kinetic Profile in Plasma over 24‐h Period in Human Subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siqiong Zhong
- Food Science and Nutrition Department and Center for Nutrition ResearchInstitute for Food Safety and HealthIllinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA
| | - Amandeep Sandhu
- Food Science and Nutrition Department and Center for Nutrition ResearchInstitute for Food Safety and HealthIllinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA
| | - Indika Edirisinghe
- Food Science and Nutrition Department and Center for Nutrition ResearchInstitute for Food Safety and HealthIllinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA
| | - Britt Burton‐Freeman
- Food Science and Nutrition Department and Center for Nutrition ResearchInstitute for Food Safety and HealthIllinois Institute of Technology Chicago USA
- Nutrition DepartmentUC Davis Davis USA
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16
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Muhrez K, Largeau B, Emond P, Montigny F, Halimi JM, Trouillas P, Barin-Le Guellec C. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of ABCC2 modulate renal secretion of endogenous organic anions. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 140:124-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Kalt W, McDonald JE, Liu Y, Fillmore SAE. Flavonoid Metabolites in Human Urine during Blueberry Anthocyanin Intake. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1582-1591. [PMID: 28150498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The human health benefits of anthocyanins (Anc) and other flavonoids are widely recognized. However, the flavonoid-based urinary metabolites arising in vivo after Anc intake are not well described. Human (n = 17) urine was collected while blueberry juice (BJ) was consumed daily for 28 days and once after a 7 day washout. MS/MS scanning of 664 urine samples for 18 parent Anc (PAnc) and 42 predicted Anc metabolites (AncM) yielded 371 products (i.e., MS/MS × retention time (RT)). Flavonoid-based AncM, which were likely underestimated, were almost 20 times more abundant than PAnc. Together, PAnc and AncM accounted for about 1% of the daily Anc dose. Aglycone forms were >94% of the total. Cluster analysis of the 371 Anc identified about 55 major Anc that contributed about 80% to the total Anc. The abundance of flavonoid-based Anc-derived products in the gastrointestinal tract could contribute to the health benefits of Anc-rich berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina Kalt
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Jane E McDonald
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5, Canada
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Sherry A E Fillmore
- Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5, Canada
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18
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Quifer-Rada P, Martínez-Huélamo M, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Is enzymatic hydrolysis a reliable analytical strategy to quantify glucuronidated and sulfated polyphenol metabolites in human fluids? Food Funct 2017; 8:2419-2424. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00558j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compound recovery decreases with the amount of β-glucuronidase enzyme used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quifer-Rada
- Department of Nutrition
- Food Science and Gastronomy-XARTA-INSA
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science
- University of Barcelona
- Barcelona
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN)
- Institute of Health Carlos III
- Spain
- Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences Research Group
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM)
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventos
- Department of Nutrition
- Food Science and Gastronomy-XARTA-INSA
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science
- University of Barcelona
- Barcelona
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19
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Caruana M, Cauchi R, Vassallo N. Putative Role of Red Wine Polyphenols against Brain Pathology in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Front Nutr 2016; 3:31. [PMID: 27570766 PMCID: PMC4981604 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders and hence pose remarkable socio-economical burdens to both families and state. Although AD and PD have different clinical and neuropathological features, they share common molecular mechanisms that appear to be triggered by multi-factorial events, such as protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress (OS), and neuroinflammation, ultimately leading to neuronal cell death. Currently, there are no established and validated disease-modifying strategies for either AD or PD. Among the various lifestyle factors that may prevent or slow age-related neurodegenerative diseases, epidemiological studies on moderate consumption of red wine, especially as part of a holistic Mediterranean diet, have attracted increasing interest. Red wine is particularly rich in specific polyphenolic compounds that appear to affect the biological processes of AD and PD, such as quercetin, myricetin, catechins, tannins, anthocyanidins, resveratrol, and ferulic acid. Indeed, there is now a consistent body of in vitro and in vivo data on the neuroprotective effects of red wine polyphenols (RWP) showing that they do not merely possess antioxidant properties, but may additionally act upon, in a multi-target manner, the underlying key mechanisms featuring in both AD and PD. Furthermore, it is important that bioavailability issues are addressed in order for neuroprotection to be relevant in a clinical study scenario. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the major classes of RWP and places into perspective their potential to be considered as nutraceuticals to target neuropathology in AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Caruana
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta , Msida , Malta
| | - Ruben Cauchi
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Neville Vassallo
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
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20
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Giordano ME, Ingrosso I, Schettino T, Caricato R, Giovinazzo G, Lionetto MG. Intracellular Antioxidant Activity of Grape Skin Polyphenolic Extracts in Rat Superficial Colonocytes: In situ Detection by Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy. Front Physiol 2016; 7:177. [PMID: 27303304 PMCID: PMC4882411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon is exposed to a number of prooxidant conditions and several colon diseases are associated with increased levels of reactive species. Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet, but to date no information is available about their absorption and potential intracellular antioxidant activity on colon epithelial cells. The work was addressed to study the intracellular antioxidant activity of red grape polyphenolic extracts on rat colon epithelium experimentally exposed to prooxidant conditions. The experimental model chosen was represented by freshly isolated colon explants, which closely resemble the functional, and morphological characteristics of the epithelium in vivo. The study was carried out by in situ confocal microscopy observation on CM-H2DCFDA charged explants exposed to H2O2 (5, 10, and 15 min). The qualitative and quantitative polyphenolic composition of the extracts as well as their in vitro oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) was determined. The incubation of the explants with the polyphenolic extracts for 1 h produced a significant decrease of the H2O2 induced fluorescence. This effect was more pronounced following 15 min H2O2 exposure with respect to 5 min and it was also more evident for extracts obtained from mature grapes, which showed an increased ORAC value and qualitative peculiarities in the polyphenolic composition. The results demonstrated the ability of red grape polyphenols to cross the plasma membrane and exert a direct intracellular antioxidant activity in surface colonocytes, inducing a protection against pro-oxidant conditions. The changes in the polyphenol composition due to ripening process was reflected in a more effective antioxidant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Giordano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento Lecce, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ingrosso
- Institute of Science of Food Production, Unit of Lecce, National Research Council of Italy Lecce, Italy
| | - Trifone Schettino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberto Caricato
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento Lecce, Italy
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Institute of Science of Food Production, Unit of Lecce, National Research Council of Italy Lecce, Italy
| | - M Giulia Lionetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento Lecce, Italy
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21
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Mechanisms by which cocoa flavanols improve metabolic syndrome and related disorders. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 35:1-21. [PMID: 27560446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective complementary strategy for alleviation or prevention of metabolic syndrome, particularly glucose intolerance. The complex flavanol composition of cocoa provides the ability to interact with a variety of molecules, thus allowing numerous opportunities to ameliorate metabolic diseases. These interactions likely occur primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where native cocoa flavanol concentration is high. Flavanols may antagonize digestive enzymes and glucose transporters, causing a reduction in glucose excursion, which helps patients with metabolic disorders maintain glucose homeostasis. Unabsorbed flavanols, and ones that undergo enterohepatic recycling, will proceed to the colon where they can exert prebiotic effects on the gut microbiota. Interactions with the gut microbiota may improve gut barrier function, resulting in attenuated endotoxin absorption. Cocoa may also positively influence insulin signaling, possibly by relieving insulin-signaling pathways from oxidative stress and inflammation and/or via a heightened incretin response. The purpose of this review is to explore the mechanisms that underlie these outcomes, critically review the current body of literature related to those mechanisms, explore the implications of these mechanisms for therapeutic utility, and identify emerging or needed areas of research that could advance our understanding of the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of cocoa flavanols.
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22
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Boban M, Stockley C, Teissedre PL, Restani P, Fradera U, Stein-Hammer C, Ruf JC. Drinking pattern of wine and effects on human health: why should we drink moderately and with meals? Food Funct 2016; 7:2937-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00218h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies examining the effects of alcoholic beverages on human health may be unclear if they do not take into account drinking pattern parameters such as beverage type, regular moderateversusbinge drinking and drinking with meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Boban
- Department of Pharmacology
- University of Split School of Medicine
- 21 000 Split
- Croatia
| | - Creina Stockley
- The Australian Wine Research Institute
- Glen Osmond 5061
- Australia
| | | | - Patrizia Restani
- Dept. Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | | | | | - Jean-Claude Ruf
- International Organisation of Vine and Wine (OIV)
- Paris
- France
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23
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Ernst M, Munkert J, Campa M, Malnoy M, Martens S, Müller-Uri F. Steroid 5β-Reductase from Leaves of Vitis vinifera: Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Modeling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10112-10120. [PMID: 26537436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A steroid 5β-reductase gene corresponding to the hypothetical protein LOC100247199 from leaves of Vitis vinifera (var. 'Chardonnay') was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein showed 5β-reductase activity when progesterone was used as a substrate. The reaction was stereoselective, producing only 5β-products such as 5β-pregnane-3,20-dione. Other small substrates (terpenoids and enones) were also accepted as substrates, indicating the highly promiscuous character of the enzyme class. Our results show that the steroid 5β-reductase gene, encoding an orthologous enzyme described as a key enzyme in cardenolide biosynthesis, is also expressed in leaves of the cardenolide-free plant V. vinifera. We emphasize the fact that, on some occasions, different reductases (e.g., progesterone 5β-reductase and monoterpenoid reductase) can also use molecules that are similar to the final products as a substrate. Therefore, in planta, the different reductases may contribute to the immense number of diverse small natural products finally leading to the flavor of wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ernst
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Munkert
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuela Campa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM) , Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (Trentino), Italy
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM) , Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (Trentino), Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM) , Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige (Trentino), Italy
| | - Frieder Müller-Uri
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Staudtstrasse 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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24
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Pandareesh MD, Mythri RB, Srinivas Bharath MM. Bioavailability of dietary polyphenols: Factors contributing to their clinical application in CNS diseases. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:198-208. [PMID: 26163045 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The anatomical location of the central nervous system (CNS) renders it immunologically and pharmacologically privileged due to the blood brain barrier (BBB). Although this limits the transport of unfavorable molecules to the CNS, the ensuing privilege could be disadvantageous for therapeutic compounds. Hence, the greatest challenge in the pharmacotherapy of CNS diseases is to ensure efficient brain targeting and drug delivery. Research evidences indicate that dietary polyphenols have neuroprotective potential against CNS diseases. However, their selective permeability across BBB, poor absorption, rapid metabolism and systemic elimination limit their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, the beneficial effects of these orally administered agents in the CNS still remain a subject of debate. This has also limited its clinical application either as independent or adjunctive therapy. Improving the in vivo bioavailability by novel methods could improve the therapeutic feasibility of polyphenols and assist in evolving novel drugs and their derivatives with improved efficacy in vivo. Here we review the mechanistic and pharmacological issues related to the bioavailability of polyphenols with therapeutic implications for CNS diseases. We surmise that improving the bioavailability of polyphenols entails efficient in vivo transport across BBB, biochemical stability, improved half-life and persistent neuroprotection in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pandareesh
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, # 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India; Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, # 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - R B Mythri
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, # 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India; Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, # 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - M M Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, # 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India; Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Center, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, # 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, Karnataka, India.
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25
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Mattarei A, Biasutto L, Romio M, Zoratti M, Paradisi C. Synthesis of resveratrol sulfates: turning a nightmare into a dream. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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26
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Guney T, Kohles SA, Thompson VL, Phillips GJ, Kraus GA. Heterocycles from wine: synthesis and biological evaluation of salidrosides. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Cueva C, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV, Bustos I, Requena T, González-Manzano S, Santos-Buelga C, Turrientes MC, del Campo R. Susceptibility and Tolerance of Human Gut Culturable Aerobic Microbiota to Wine Polyphenols. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:17-24. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cueva
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Irene Bustos
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Requena
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana González-Manzano
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Celestino Santos-Buelga
- Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María-Carmen Turrientes
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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28
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Cho HS, Lee JH, Cho MH, Lee J. Red wines and flavonoids diminish Staphylococcus aureus virulence with anti-biofilm and anti-hemolytic activities. BIOFOULING 2015; 31:1-11. [PMID: 25535776 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.991319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant Staphylococcus aureus presents a worldwide problem that requires non-antibiotic strategies. This study investigated the anti-biofilm and anti-hemolytic activities of four red wines and two white wines against three S. aureus strains. All red wines at 0.5-2% significantly inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation and hemolysis by S. aureus, whereas the two white wines had no effect. Furthermore, at these concentrations, red wines did not affect bacterial growth. Analyses of hemolysis and active component identification in red wines revealed that the anti-biofilm compounds and anti-hemolytic compounds largely responsible were tannic acid, trans-resveratrol, and several flavonoids. In addition, red wines attenuated S. aureus virulence in vivo in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is killed by S. aureus. These findings show that red wines and their compounds warrant further attention in antivirulence strategies against persistent S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seob Cho
- a School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
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29
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Conlon MA, Bird AR. The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health. Nutrients 2014; 7:17-44. [PMID: 25545101 PMCID: PMC4303825 DOI: 10.3390/nu7010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition of the role of diet and other environmental factors in modulating the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota, which in turn can impact health. This narrative review explores the relevant contemporary scientific literature to provide a general perspective of this broad area. Molecular technologies have greatly advanced our understanding of the complexity and diversity of the gut microbial communities within and between individuals. Diet, particularly macronutrients, has a major role in shaping the composition and activity of these complex populations. Despite the body of knowledge that exists on the effects of carbohydrates there are still many unanswered questions. The impacts of dietary fats and protein on the gut microbiota are less well defined. Both short- and long-term dietary change can influence the microbial profiles, and infant nutrition may have life-long consequences through microbial modulation of the immune system. The impact of environmental factors, including aspects of lifestyle, on the microbiota is particularly poorly understood but some of these factors are described. We also discuss the use and potential benefits of prebiotics and probiotics to modify microbial populations. A description of some areas that should be addressed in future research is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Conlon
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Kintore Ave, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Anthony R Bird
- CSIRO Food and Nutrition Flagship, Kintore Ave, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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30
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Furlan AL, Castets A, Nallet F, Pianet I, Grélard A, Dufourc EJ, Géan J. Red wine tannins fluidify and precipitate lipid liposomes and bicelles. A role for lipids in wine tasting? LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:5518-26. [PMID: 24787144 DOI: 10.1021/la5005006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sensory properties of red wine tannins are bound to complex interactions between saliva proteins, membranes taste receptors of the oral cavity, and lipids or proteins from the human diet. Whereas astringency has been widely studied in terms of tannin-saliva protein colloidal complexes, little is known about interactions between tannins and lipids and their implications in the taste of wine. This study deals with tannin-lipid interactions, by mimicking both oral cavity membranes by micrometric size liposomes and lipid droplets in food by nanometric isotropic bicelles. Deuterium and phosphorus solid-state NMR demonstrated the membrane hydrophobic core disordering promoted by catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the latter appearing more efficient. C and EGCG destabilize isotropic bicelles and convert them into an inverted hexagonal phase. Tannins are shown to be located at the membrane interface and stabilize the lamellar phases. These newly found properties point out the importance of lipids in the complex interactions that happen in the mouth during organoleptic feeling when ingesting tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien L Furlan
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, CNRS, University of Bordeaux , IPB, F-33600 Pessac, France
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Kalt W, Liu Y, McDonald JE, Vinqvist-Tymchuk MR, Fillmore SAE. Anthocyanin metabolites are abundant and persistent in human urine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:3926-3934. [PMID: 24432743 DOI: 10.1021/jf500107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
LC-MS/MS revealed that metabolites of anthocyanins (Acn) were abundant in human urine (n = 17) even after 5 days with no dietary Acn. After intake of 250 mL of blueberry juice, parent Acn were 4% and Acn metabolites were 96% of the total urinary Acn for the following 24 h. Multiple reaction monitoring revealed 226 combinations of mass transition × retention times for known Acn and predicted Acn metabolites. These were dominated by aglycones, especially aglycone glucuronides. The diversity of Acn metabolites could include positional isomers of Acn conjugates and chalcones. The persistence of Acn metabolites suggested enterohepatic recycling leading to prolonged residence time. The prevalence of Acn metabolites based on pelargonidin, which is not present in blueberry juice, may reflect ongoing dehydroxylation and demethylation of other Acn via xenobiotic and colonic bacterial action. The results suggest that exposure to Acn-based flavonoid moieties is substantially greater than suggested by earlier research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina Kalt
- Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 32 Main Street, Kentville, NS B4N 1J5, Canada
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Roe MR, Cohen JD, Hegeman AD. Targeted deuteration of polyphenolics for their qualitative and quantitative metabolomic analysis in plant-derived extracts. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1083:17-29. [PMID: 24218207 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-661-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenolics are a chemically diverse class of plant specialized metabolites with strong antioxidant properties, and their consumption has been associated with improved human health. Metabolomic analysis of these compounds in both plant and mammalian samples has relied predominantly on liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Due to variable matrix effects across samples during ionization, the accuracy of this approach for quantifying compounds is greatly improved by incorporating stable isotope-labeled standards into the sample prior to analysis. However, commercially available, stable isotope-labeled, polyphenolic standards are both limited and costly. Here we present a protocol for generating stable isotope-labeled polyphenolics based on their deuteration by mild acid-catalyzed, electrophilic aromatic substitution. Importantly, this protocol is effective for generating stable isotope-labeled standards of many biologically relevant polyphenolics, both aglycones and the various conjugated forms alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel R Roe
- University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Wine, Food and Health. WINE SCIENCE 2014. [PMCID: PMC7173591 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381468-5.00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wine has historically been associated with religious rights, used as a salubrious beverage, employed as a medication as well as a medicinal solvent, and consumed as a food accompaniment. It is the latter that is most intimately associated in the minds of most modern consumers. Despite this, there is little flavor commonality on which pairing could be based. The first section of the chapter examines this feature, and wine’s primary role as a palate cleanser and food condiment. The synergistic role of food and wine in suppressing each other’s least pleasant attributes is also explained. The final section deals with the latest evidence relating to the many beneficial health effects of moderate wine consumption, shortfalls in the data, headache induction, dental erosion, and conditions under which wine intake is contraindicated.
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Kanellos PT, Kaliora AC, Gioxari A, Christopoulou GO, Kalogeropoulos N, Karathanos VT. Absorption and bioavailability of antioxidant phytochemicals and increase of serum oxidation resistance in healthy subjects following supplementation with raisins. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 68:411-415. [PMID: 24114059 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-013-0389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the postprandial impact of raisin supplementation in serum resistance to oxidation of healthy subjects, to quantify the bioavailable phenolic compounds and oleanolic acid. The content of phytochemicals in raisins was determined by GC-MS. Fifteen healthy volunteers who consumed 144 g of raisins were subjected to blood collection at time 0 and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after consumption. Blood samples were used for the quantification of (a) serum oxidizability (b) plasma total polyphenol content and (c) phenolic compounds and oleanolic acid by applying GC-MS analysis. A total of 25 phytochemicals were identified and quantified in raisins, while the triterpenoid oleanolic acid was present at the highest concentration. The peak of plasma total phenolics and serum oxidation resistance appeared 1 h after raisin supplementation (p < 0.05) and correlated strongly with each other. Seventeen phytochemicals (16 phenolics and oleanolic acid) were clearly identified and quantified in volunteers' plasma. Each compound followed different kinetics, however 13 out of 17 peaked in plasma also 1 h after supplementation. The results indicate that raisins influence antioxidant potential in vivo, while the contained phytochemicals are bioavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T Kanellos
- Department of Science of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou str., 17 671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
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Boto-Ordóñez M, Rothwell JA, Andres-Lacueva C, Manach C, Scalbert A, Urpi-Sarda M. Prediction of the wine polyphenol metabolic space: an application of the Phenol-Explorer database. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:466-77. [PMID: 24123832 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Knowledge of in vivo polyphenol metabolites derived from the consumption of red wine could be key to understanding its health benefits. This work aimed to predict the wine polyphenol metabolic space in biofluids by using all available data compiled in the Phenol-Explorer database. METHODS AND RESULTS A search strategy was developed for Phenol-Explorer to obtain the widest range of metabolites related to wine consumption. A total of 97 metabolites have been described in intervention studies with wine and related products (n = 37), and after consumption of pure compounds known to be wine constituents (n = 90). These 97 metabolites, derived from host and microbial metabolism of several classes of polyphenols, were found in plasma and urine samples and some of them have demonstrated higher or lower biological activities than the parent compound in in vitro studies. The metabolites have been linked to generate, for the first time, a global pathway map of wine in vivo polyphenol metabolism. CONCLUSION The retrieval of the widest range of metabolites so far described and their assembly as a metabolic pathway map could aid the identification of possible biomarkers of wine consumption and improve current understanding of the health effects of wine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Boto-Ordóñez
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
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Hernández-Jiménez A, Gil-Muñoz R, Ruiz-García Y, López-Roca JM, Martinez-Cutillas A, Gómez-Plaza E. Evaluating the Polyphenol Profile in Three Segregating Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Populations. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:572896. [PMID: 23986879 PMCID: PMC3748753 DOI: 10.1155/2013/572896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the characteristics of the anthocyanin and flavonol composition and content in grapes from plants resulting from intraspecific crosses of Vitis vinifera varieties Monastrell × Cabernet Sauvignon, Monastrell × Syrah, and Monastrell × Barbera, in order to acquire information for future breeding programs. The anthocyanin and flavonol compositions of twenty-seven hybrids bearing red grapes and 15 hybrids bearing white grapes from Monastrell × Syrah, 32 red and 6 white from Monastrell × Cabernet Sauvignon, and 13 red from Monastrell × Barbera have been studied. Among the intraspecific crosses, plants with grapes presenting very high concentrations of anthocyanins and flavonols were found, indicating a transgressive segregation for this character, and this could lead to highly colored wines with an increased benefits for human health. As regards the qualitative composition of anthocyanins and flavonols, the hydroxylation pattern of the hybrids that also may influence wine color hue and stability presented intermediate values to those of the parentals, indicating that values higher than that showed by the best parental in this respect will be difficult to obtain. The results presented here can be helpful to acquire information for future breeding efforts, aimed at improving fruit quality through the effects of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernández-Jiménez
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío Gil-Muñoz
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Carretera La Alberca s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ruiz-García
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose María López-Roca
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Martinez-Cutillas
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Carretera La Alberca s/n, 30150 Murcia, Spain
| | - Encarna Gómez-Plaza
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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Mattarei A, Azzolini M, Carraro M, Sassi N, Zoratti M, Paradisi C, Biasutto L. Acetal derivatives as prodrugs of resveratrol. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2781-92. [PMID: 23772980 DOI: 10.1021/mp400226p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological exploitation of resveratrol is hindered by rapid phase-II conjugative metabolism in enterocytes and hepatocytes. One approach to the solution of this problem relies on prodrugs. We report the synthesis and characterization as well as the assessment of in vivo absorption and metabolism of a set of prodrugs of resveratrol in which the OH groups are engaged in the formal (-OCH2OR) or the more labile acetal (-OCH(CH3)OR) linkages. As carrier group (R) of the prodrug, we have used short ethyleneglycol oligomers (OEG) capped by a terminal methoxy group: -O-(CH2CH2O)n-CH3 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6). These moieties are expected to exhibit, to a degree, the favorable properties of longer polyethyleneglycol (PEG) chains, while their relatively small size makes for a more favorable drug loading capacity. After administration of formal-based prodrugs to rats by oral gavage, significant concentrations of derivatives were measured in blood samples over several hours, in all cases except for n = 0. Absorption was maximal for n = 4. Complete deprotection to give resveratrol and its metabolites was however too slow to be of practical use. Administration of the acetal prodrug carrying tetrameric OEG chains resulted instead in the protracted presence of resveratrol metabolites in blood, consistent with a progressive regeneration of the parent molecule from the prodrug after its absorption. The results suggest that prodrugs of polyphenols based on the acetal bond and short ethyleneglycol oligomers of homogeneous size may be a convenient tool for the systemic delivery of the unconjugated parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mattarei
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience , viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Lutz M, Castro E, García L, Henríquez C. Bioavailability of phenolic compounds in grape juice cv. Autumn Royal. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2013.793213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shadwell N, Villalobos F, Kern M, Hong MY. Blooming reduces the antioxidant capacity of dark chocolate in rats without lowering its capacity to improve lipid profiles. Nutr Res 2013; 33:414-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Choy YY, Jaggers GK, Oteiza PI, Waterhouse AL. Bioavailability of intact proanthocyanidins in the rat colon after ingestion of grape seed extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:121-127. [PMID: 23244439 DOI: 10.1021/jf301939e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence shows that monomeric flavonoids are known to be only slightly absorbed in the small intestine, but the metabolism of oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins (PAC) in the colon is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to optimize the analysis of grape seed extract (GSE) in feces and use that method to assess the presence of PAC in the colon after ingestion of GSE. Rats were fed a diet ad libitum containing 0.25% (w/w) GSE for 10 days. Feces were collected daily and colonic contents at sacrifice on day 10, respectively. The recovery of fecal PAC using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) method was >70%. PAC were separated by normal-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection, and subsequent peak confirmation was done by MS-ion trap. The concentration of colonic contents at day 10 was 13.9 mg/kg for monomer, and those for oligomers (dimers-hexamers) were 33.4, 84.6, 87.2, 57.3, and 35.7 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of monomeric and oligomeric PAC in daily feces was similar among days. In the mass balance analysis, approximately 11% of ingested PAC was recovered in the feces. These findings indicate that ingested PAC were present in the colon as the intact parent compounds and thus may contribute to the health of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yng Choy
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Chitchumroonchokchai C, Thomas-Ahner JM, Li J, Riedl KM, Nontakham J, Suksumrarn S, Clinton SK, Kinghorn AD, Failla ML. Anti-tumorigenicity of dietary α-mangostin in an HT-29 colon cell xenograft model and the tissue distribution of xanthones and their phase II metabolites. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:203-11. [PMID: 23239542 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigated the in vivo and in vitro activity of α-mangostin (α-MG), the most abundant xanthone in mangosteen pericarp, on HT-29 cell tumorigenicity, proliferation, and several markers of tumor cell activity, as well as the profile and amounts of xanthones in serum, tumor, liver, and feces. METHODS AND RESULTS Balb/c nu/nu mice were fed either control diet or diet containing 900 mg α-MG/kg. After 1 week of acclimation to diet, mice were injected subcutaneously with HT-29 cells and fed the same diets ad libitum for an additional 2 or 4 weeks. After 2 and 4 weeks, tumor mass and the concentrations of BcL-2 and β-catenin in tumors of mice fed diet with α-MG were significantly less than in mice fed control diet. Xanthones and their metabolites were identified in serum, tumor, liver, and feces. In vitro treatment of HT-29 cells with α-MG also inhibited cell proliferation and decreased expression of BcL-2 and β-catenin. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that the anti-neoplastic effect of dietary α-MG is associated with the presence of xanthones in the tumor tissue. Further investigation of the impact of beverages and food products containing xanthones on the prevention of colon cancer or as complementary therapy is merited.
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van Dorsten FA, Peters S, Gross G, Gomez-Roldan V, Klinkenberg M, de Vos RC, Vaughan EE, van Duynhoven JP, Possemiers S, van de Wiele T, Jacobs DM. Gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols from black tea and red wine/grape juice is source-specific and colon-region dependent. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11331-11342. [PMID: 23072624 DOI: 10.1021/jf303165w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The colonic microbial degradation of a polyphenol-rich black tea extract (BTE) and red wine/grape juice extract (RWGE) was compared in a five-stage in vitro gastrointestinal model (TWINSHIME). Microbial metabolism of BTE and RWGE polyphenols in the TWINSHIME was studied subsequently in single- and continuous-dose experiments. A combination of liquid or gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS or GC-MS) and NMR-based metabolic profiling was used to measure selected parent polyphenols, their microbial degradation into phenolic acids, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in different colon compartments. Acetate production was increased by continuous feeding of BTE but not RWGE. During RWGE feeding, gallic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid remained elevated throughout the colon, while during BTE feeding, they were consumed in the distal colon, while 3-phenylpropionic acid was strongly produced. Gut microbial production of phenolics and SCFAs is dependent on colon location and polyphenol source, which may influence potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A van Dorsten
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Post Office Box 114, 3130 AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
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Soto-Vaca A, Gutierrez A, Losso JN, Xu Z, Finley JW. Evolution of phenolic compounds from color and flavor problems to health benefits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6658-77. [PMID: 22568556 DOI: 10.1021/jf300861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Early studies focused on the negative effects on color and flavor of foods, followed by exploration of the antioxidant properties and the associated health benefits. The growing body of evidence suggests that plant-based polyphenols may help prevent or delay the onset of a multiplicity of diseases. Newer work suggests that a variety of polyphenols can alter the expression of genes in the inflammatory pathway. Data also show that the absorption of the polyphenols is very limited. Insulin resistance and endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome and aging and occur at the early stages of the disease. There is limited clinical evidence that certain polyphenolic metabolites by virtue of their anti-inflammatory activities can improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial and mitochondrial function, suggesting that polyphenols are good for disease prevention. The goal of this review is to summarize the evolution and emphasize the potential benefits of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Soto-Vaca
- Department of Food Science, Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Dietary phenolic acids act as effective antioxidants in membrane models and in cultured cells, exhibiting proapoptotic effects in leukaemia cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:839298. [PMID: 22792417 PMCID: PMC3390142 DOI: 10.1155/2012/839298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic, syringic, and protocatechuic acids are phenolic acids derived directly from food intake or come from the gut metabolism of polyphenols. In this study, the antioxidant activity of these compounds was at first evaluated in membrane models, where caffeic acid behaved as a very effective chain-breaking antioxidant, whereas syringic and protocatechuic acids were only retardants of lipid peroxidation. However, all three compounds acted as good scavengers of reactive species in cultured cells subjected to exogenous oxidative stress produced by low level of H(2)O(2). Many tumour cells are characterised by increased ROS levels compared with their noncancerous counterparts. Therefore, we investigated whether phenolic acids, at low concentrations, comparable to those present in human plasma, were able to decrease basal reactive species. Results show that phenolic acids reduced ROS in a leukaemia cell line (HEL), whereas no effect was observed in normal cells, such as HUVEC. The compounds exhibited no toxicity to normal cells while they decreased proliferation in leukaemia cells, inducing apoptosis. In the debate on optimal ROS-manipulating strategies in cancer therapy, our work in leukaemia cells supports the antioxidant ROS-depleting approach.
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Stockley C, Teissedre PL, Boban M, Di Lorenzo C, Restani P. Bioavailability of wine-derived phenolic compounds in humans: a review. Food Funct 2012; 3:995-1007. [PMID: 22728778 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10208k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are produced in the seeds and skins of grapes, and are transferred into wine during the fermentation process. Phenolic compounds can also be imparted into wine from maturation and storage in oak wood barrels after fermentation. The consumption of wine, an alcoholic beverage, has been observed in epidemiological studies to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, as well as diabetes and dementia, in a J-shaped relationship between amount consumed and level of risk. The bioactivity of wine primarily observed in vitro and ex vivo, may result from wine's relatively high content of phenolic compounds, which is similar to that observed in fruits and vegetables; a Mediterranean fruit and vegetable rich-diet is also associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and cancers. If the wine-derived phenolic compounds or their active metabolites are not absorbed in sufficient amounts and in a readily available form for cells, however, then they are less likely to have any significant in vivo activity. This review considers and discusses the available data to date on the bioavailability of the different wine-derived phenolic compounds in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Creina Stockley
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Urpi-Sarda M, Chiva-Blanch G, Andres-Lacueva C, Estruch R. Reply to X Yang and Y Zhao. Am J Clin Nutr 2012. [DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.037002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bueno JM, Ramos-Escudero F, Sáez-Plaza P, Muñoz AM, José Navas M, Asuero AG. Analysis and Antioxidant Capacity of Anthocyanin Pigments. Part I: General Considerations Concerning Polyphenols and Flavonoids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.632312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jacobs DM, Fuhrmann JC, van Dorsten FA, Rein D, Peters S, van Velzen EJJ, Hollebrands B, Draijer R, van Duynhoven J, Garczarek U. Impact of short-term intake of red wine and grape polyphenol extract on the human metabolome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3078-3085. [PMID: 22372405 DOI: 10.1021/jf2044247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Red wine and grape polyphenols are considered to promote cardiovascular health and are involved in multiple biological functions. Their overall impact on the human metabolome is not known. Therefore, exogenous and endogenous metabolic effects were determined in fasting plasma and 24 h urine from healthy male adults consuming a mix of red wine and grape juice extracts (WGM) for 4 days in a placebo-controlled, crossover study. Syringic acid, 3-hydroxyhippuric acid, pyrogallol, 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were confirmed as the strongest urinary markers of WGM intake. Overall, WGM had a mild impact on the endogenous metabolism. Most noticeable were changes in several amino acids deriving from tyrosine and tryptophan. Reductions in the microbial metabolites p-cresol sulfate and 3-indoxylsulfuric acid and increases in indole-3-lactic acid and nicotinic acid were observed in urine. In plasma, tyrosine was reduced. The results suggest that short-term intake of WGM altered microbial protein fermentation and/or amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris M Jacobs
- Unilever R&D, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3130AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.
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