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Choi D, Im HB, Choi SJ, Han D. Safety classification of herbal medicine use among hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1321523. [PMID: 38881876 PMCID: PMC11176523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1321523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The use of herbal medicines (HMs) for the treatment of hypertension (HTN) is increasing globally, but research on the potential adverse effects and safety of HMs in HTN patients is limited. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the global prevalence of HM usage among HTN patients and assess the safety of identified herbs based on current scientific evidence. Methods The PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched for cross-sectional studies on the use of HM among HTN patients. Our review includes studies published in English up to the year 2023. After extracting and appraising the data from the studies, a meta-analysis was conducted using the Stata version 16.0 to estimate the pooled prevalence of HM use in patients with HTN (PROSPERO: CRD42023405537). The safety classification of the identified HM was done based on the existing scientific literature. Results This study analyzed 37 cross-sectional studies from 21 countries and found that 37.8% of HTN patients used HM to manage their health. The prevalence of HM use varied significantly based on publication year and geographical region. Among the 71 identified herbs, Allium sativum L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., and Olea europaea L. were the most commonly used. However, four herbs were identified as contraindicated, 50 herbs required caution, and only 11 herbs were considered safe for use. Conclusion The study highlights the potential risks of toxicities and adverse effects associated with HM use in the treatment of HTN. Ensuring patient safety involves using safe HMs in appropriate doses and avoiding contraindicated HMs. Future research should focus on identifying commonly used herbs, especially in resource-limited countries with poor HTN management, and additional clinical research is required to assess the toxicity and safety of commonly used HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain Choi
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyea Bin Im
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeung Choi
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoon Han
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lu M, Pan J, Hu Y, Ding L, Li Y, Cui X, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Li C. Advances in the study of vascular related protective effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and compounds. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109531. [PMID: 37984733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a functional food containing multiple bioactive compounds that find widespread applications in culinary and medicinal practices. It consists of multiple chemical components, including allicin and alliin. This article offers a comprehensive review of the protective effects of garlic extracts and their active constituents on the vascular system. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that garlic extracts and their active ingredients possess various bioactive properties. These substances demonstrate beneficial effects on blood vessels by demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, inhibiting lipid accumulation and migration, preventing lipid peroxidation, promoting angiogenesis, reducing platelet aggregation, enhancing endothelial function, and inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis. In clinical studies, garlic and its extracts have demonstrated their efficacy in managing vascular system diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and high cholesterol levels. In summary, these studies highlight the potential therapeutic roles and underlying mechanisms of garlic and its constituents in managing conditions like diabetes, atherosclerosis, ischemic diseases, and other vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Lu
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyuan Pan
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuanlong Hu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhai Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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3
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Chaurasia PK, Bharati SL, Singh S. Garlic against Heart-related Ailments: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Future Perspective. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:521-530. [PMID: 37605421 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230821102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allium sativum L. (Garlic) is a well-recognized plant of great nutraceutical value with pharmacological evidences. It is full of dietary as well as pharmaceutical properties and has been used in traditional medications for a long time. It is known for good antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral effects, along with other therapeutic roles in cardiovascular diseases, anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, anti-thrombotic, blood pressure, bone and skin related problems etc. Objective: Considering the potential of garlic in the treatment of cardiovascular/heart-related diseases, the main objective of this study was to prepare a subject-centric mini-review focusing on its chemistry and pharmacology in heart-related issues. METHODS In order to prepare this mini-review article, an extensive online literature search was performed to find out the most recent studies related to this topic. These studies were briefly reviewed, assessed, and discussed to explore the possible capability of garlic for the cure of cardiovascular problems. RESULT Several experiments on mice models, rat models as well as on humans show the effective role of various forms of garlic in cardiovascular or heart-related ailments. After reviewing the available publications on garlic in heart-related issues, authors found that garlic and its sulfur (S)-based organic constituents may have advantageous applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Chaurasia
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, Chemical, Biological and Environmental Laboratory, L.S. College, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 842001, India
| | - Shashi Lata Bharati
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, 791109, India
| | - Sunita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Navyug Kanya Mahavidyalaya, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226004, India
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Mackonochie M, Rodriguez-Mateos A, Mills S, Rolfe V. A Scoping Review of the Clinical Evidence for the Health Benefits of Culinary Doses of Herbs and Spices for the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:4867. [PMID: 38068725 PMCID: PMC10708057 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing global health problem. Evidence suggests that diets rich in phytochemical-containing herbs and spices can contribute to reducing the risk of chronic diseases. This review assesses the scope of evidence supporting the use of herbs and spices in the diet for the prevention or treatment of MetS and its associated health conditions. A search of the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases was carried out to assess the available clinical evidence for culinary doses of commonly used herbs and spices. Trials that were measuring health factors related to metabolic disorders in healthy individuals, or the health of individuals with MetS or associated diseases, were included. Out of a total of 1738 papers identified, there were 142 relevant studies on black pepper, chilli, cardamom, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, fennel, fenugreek, garlic, ginger, nigella seed, rosemary, sage and turmeric. No relevant research was found for cloves, mint, oregano, parsley or thyme. Cinnamon, fenugreek and ginger were the herbs/spices with the most published trials on them and that showed promise for glycaemic control. Cardamom appears to have potential to reduce inflammatory markers, and cinnamon, ginger and turmeric to reduce blood lipids. Patients with type 2 diabetes were the population most likely to be included in studies, but the preventative benefits of herbs/spices in healthy populations were also investigated, particularly for chilli, ginger and cinnamon. There is evidence for the beneficial effect of culinary doses of many common herbs/spices in the prevention and treatment of MetS and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Simon Mills
- Pukka Herbs Ltd., 10 York Road, London SE1 7ND, UK
| | - Vivien Rolfe
- Pukka Herbs Ltd., 10 York Road, London SE1 7ND, UK
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5
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Mouliou DS. C-Reactive Protein: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, False Test Results and a Novel Diagnostic Algorithm for Clinicians. Diseases 2023; 11:132. [PMID: 37873776 PMCID: PMC10594506 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11040132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The current literature provides a body of evidence on C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and its potential role in inflammation. However, most pieces of evidence are sparse and controversial. This critical state-of-the-art monography provides all the crucial data on the potential biochemical properties of the protein, along with further evidence on its potential pathobiology, both for its pentameric and monomeric forms, including information for its ligands as well as the possible function of autoantibodies against the protein. Furthermore, the current evidence on its potential utility as a biomarker of various diseases is presented, of all cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatobiliary, gastrointestinal, pancreatic, renal, gynecological, andrological, dental, oral, otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological, dermatological, musculoskeletal, neurological, mental, splenic, thyroid conditions, as well as infections, autoimmune-supposed conditions and neoplasms, including other possible factors that have been linked with elevated concentrations of that protein. Moreover, data on molecular diagnostics on CRP are discussed, and possible etiologies of false test results are highlighted. Additionally, this review evaluates all current pieces of evidence on CRP and systemic inflammation, and highlights future goals. Finally, a novel diagnostic algorithm to carefully assess the CRP level for a precise diagnosis of a medical condition is illustrated.
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Olabiyi AA, de Castro Brás LE. Cardiovascular Remodeling Post-Ischemia: Herbs, Diet, and Drug Interventions. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1697. [PMID: 37371792 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health burden with increasing prevalence, and CVD continues to be the principal global source of illness and mortality. For several disorders, including CVD, the use of dietary and medicinal herbs instead of pharmaceutical drugs continues to be an alternate therapy strategy. Despite the prevalent use of synthetic pharmaceutical medications, there is currently an unprecedented push for the use of diet and herbal preparations in contemporary medical systems. This urge is fueled by a number of factors, the two most important being the common perception that they are safe and more cost-effective than modern pharmaceutical medicines. However, there is a lack of research focused on novel treatment targets that combine all these strategies-pharmaceuticals, diet, and herbs. In this review, we looked at the reported effects of pharmaceutical drugs and diet, as well as medicinal herbs, and propose a combination of these approaches to target independent pathways that could synergistically be efficacious in treating cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji A Olabiyi
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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7
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Baik JS, Min JH, Ju SM, Ahn JH, Ko SH, Chon HS, Kim MS, Shin YI. Effects of Fermented Garlic Extract Containing Nitric Oxide Metabolites on Blood Flow in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:5238. [PMID: 36558397 PMCID: PMC9781726 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aged or fermented garlic extract (FGE) is a natural remedy that improves vascular function through increasing vascular nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. This is because nitrite (NO2-), a NO metabolite, can be produced through bioconversion with macrobacteria during the fermentation of foods like garlic. We aimed to evaluate the effects of NO2- in FGE on blood flow (BF), blood pressure (BP), velocity of the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), regional cerebral BF (rCBF), and peripheral BF (PBF). The study was divided into two parts: (1) Thirty healthy adults were divided into FGE and placebo groups to compare BP and velocity of the CCA and ICA; and (2) Twenty-eight healthy adults were divided into FGE and placebo groups to compare rCBF and PBF and determine changes before/after ingestion. Significant changes were noted in BP and the velocity of both CCA 30-60 min after FGE ingestion. FGE ingestion resulted in significant increases in rCBF and increases in body surface temperature through alterations in PBF. No detectable clinical side effects were noted. Overall, oral administration of NO2- containing FGE demonstrated acute positive effects in upregulating BF, including the CCA, BP, rCBF, and PBF. Follow-up studies with larger sample sizes and long-term ingestion may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Soo Baik
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hong Min
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Ju
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Ahn
- Department of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sung Hwa Ko
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Graduate School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min Sun Kim
- Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Graduate School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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8
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El-Ashmawy NE, Khedr NF, Shaban MN, Al-Ashmawy GM. Diallyl trisulfide modulated autophagy in isoproterenol induced acute myocardial infarction. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-022-00351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most serious manifestation of coronary artery disease. The initial ischemia in AMI causes biochemical and metabolic alterations in cardiomyocytes.
Objectives
The present study aimed to investigate the biomolecular mechanisms underlying cardioprotective effects of diallyl trisulfide (DATS) as well as captopril (CAP) in isoproterenol (ISO) induced AMI focusing on autophagy & PI3K/Akt signaling.
Methods
Seventy male Albino rats were divided into seven groups as follows: Normal control, ISO, ISO + LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), DATS+ISO, CAP+ISO, DATS+LY294002 + ISO, and CAP+LY294002 + ISO. All treatments (40 mg/kg DATS, 50 mg/kg CAP & 0.3 mg/kg LY294002) were given daily for two weeks before ISO injection (85 mg/kg for 2 days). At the end of the experiment, serum and cardiac tissues were collected. Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) were measured. Cardiac glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), malondialdehyde (MDA), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), autophagy proteins (P62 & LC3IIB) and gene expression of PI3K, Akt, FOXO-1, and eNOS were assessed. Histopathological examination of heart tissue was performed.
Results
DATS and CAP significantly (p < 0.01) decreased serum CK-MB and cTnI, cardiac levels of MDA, HIF-1α, p62 and LC3IIB along with an increase in GSH-px activity compared with ISO group. Moreover, DATS and CAP significantly up-regulated PI3K, Akt, and eNOS gene expression but down-regulated FOXO-1 expression compared to ISO group. However, LY294002 reversed DATS and CAP cardioprotective effects.
Conclusion
DATS and CAP prior treatment proved cardioprotective effects via modulation of autophagy, PI3K/Akt signaling, eNOS and FOXO-1 downregulation in ISO induced AMI rat model.
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Czech A, Szmigielski M, Sembratowicz I. Nutritional value and antioxidant capacity of organic and conventional vegetables of the genus Allium. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18713. [PMID: 36333512 PMCID: PMC9636188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There are indications that organically grown plants are safer for health and have higher antioxidant content than conventional ones. Vegetables of the genus Allium L. are a valuable source of health-promoting substances, including compounds with antioxidant properties. The aim of the study was to compare the antioxidant potential and nutritional value of four species of Allium L. vegetables obtained from organic and conventional production: garlic, leek and red and yellow onion. Their proximate and mineral composition were determined, as well as the content of bioactive substances and antioxidant potential. The study showed that the cultivation method significantly influenced the parameters tested. Comparison of organic vegetables with conventional ones in terms of content of dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre revealed no general trend indicating the superiority of one method over the other. However, all organic vegetables analysed were more abundant in minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) and bioactive compounds. They also exhibited higher antioxidant capacity as measured by the FRAP and DPPH. tests. Their consumption (especially organic garlic and leek) may therefore strengthen the body's natural antioxidant defences and is beneficial for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czech
- grid.411201.70000 0000 8816 7059Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Szmigielski
- grid.411201.70000 0000 8816 7059Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Sembratowicz
- grid.411201.70000 0000 8816 7059Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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Lippert A, Renner B. Herb-Drug Interaction in Inflammatory Diseases: Review of Phytomedicine and Herbal Supplements. J Clin Med 2022; 11:1567. [PMID: 35329893 PMCID: PMC8951360 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many people worldwide use plant preparations for medicinal purposes. Even in industrialized regions, such as Europe, where conventional therapies are accessible for the majority of patients, there is a growing interest in and usage of phytomedicine. Plant preparations are not only used as alternative treatment, but also combined with conventional drugs. These combinations deserve careful contemplation, as the complex mixtures of bioactive substances in plants show a potential for interactions. Induction of CYP enzymes and pGP by St John's wort may be the most famous example, but there is much more to consider. In this review, we shed light on what is known about the interactions between botanicals and drugs, in order to make practitioners aware of potential drug-related problems. The main focus of the article is the treatment of inflammatory diseases, accompanied by plant preparations used in Europe. Several of the drugs we discuss here, as basal medication in chronic inflammatory diseases (e.g., methotrexate, janus kinase inhibitors), are also used as oral tumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Lippert
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
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Imaizumi VM, Laurindo LF, Manzan B, Guiguer EL, Oshiiwa M, Otoboni AMMB, Araujo AC, Tofano RJ, Barbalho SM. Garlic: A systematic review of the effects on cardiovascular diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6797-6819. [PMID: 35193446 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2043821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allium sativum (garlic) certainly is one of the oldest horticultural crops in the world and presents bioactive compounds that are related to the garlic's effects on human health. Several authors have shown beneficial effects on diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which are among the most relevant causes of mortality in the world. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of garlic in the risk factors of CVD and evaluate its economic importance. MEDLINE-PubMed, COCHRANE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched. The included studies showed that the use of garlic can reduce blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, LDL-c, non-HDL-c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers. It also can increase the levels of HDL-c and can improve cardiovascular parameters such as coronary artery calcium, microcirculation, epicardial and periaortic adipose tissue, post occlusive reactive hyperemia, low attenuation plaque, carotid intima-media thickness; and carotid intima-media thickness. Due to these reasons, garlic can be considered in the prevention and treatment of CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Massami Imaizumi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Manzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elen Landgraf Guiguer
- Department of Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marie Oshiiwa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Cressoni Araujo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Jose Tofano
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation - UNIMAR, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oxidative Stress in Plasma from Patients with Marfan Syndrome Is Modulated by Deodorized Garlic Preliminary Findings. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5492127. [PMID: 35082968 PMCID: PMC8786463 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5492127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder of connective tissue that affects the fibrillin-1 protein (FBN-1). It is associated with the formation of aneurysms, damage to the endothelium and oxidative stress (OS). Allium sativum (garlic) has antioxidant properties; therefore, the goal of this study was to show the antioxidant effect of deodorized garlic (DG) on antioxidant enzymes and OS markers in the plasma of patients with MFS. The activity of antioxidant enzymes such as extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD), peroxidases, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), gluthatione-S-tranferase (GST), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) was quantified, and nonenzymatic antioxidant system markers including lipid peroxidation (LPO), carbonylation, nitrates/nitrites, GSH, and vitamin C in plasma were determined in patients with MFS before and after treatment with DG. The results show that DG increased the activity of the EcSOD, peroxidases, GPx, GST, TrxR (p ≤ 0.05) and decrease LPO, carbonylation, and nitrates/nitrites (p ≤ 0.01). However, glutathione was increased (p = 0.01) in plasma from patients with MFS. This suggests that treatment with garlic could lower the OS threshold by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and could help in the prevention and mitigation of adverse OS in patients with MFS.
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Duan H, Li R, Peng W, Wu C. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling: An important molecular mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress. J Adv Res 2022; 34:43-63. [PMID: 35024180 PMCID: PMC8655139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, Nrf2/HO-1 has received extensive attention as the main regulatory pathway of intracellular defense against oxidative stress and is considered an ideal target for alleviating endothelial cell (EC) injury. Objectives This paper aimed to summarized the natural monomers/extracts that potentially exert protective effects against oxidative stress in ECs. Methods A literature search was carried out regarding our topic with the keywords of “atherosclerosis” or “Nrf2/HO-1” or “vascular endothelial cells” or “oxidative stress” or “Herbal medicine” or “natural products” or “natural extracts” or “natural compounds” or “traditional Chinese medicines” based on classic books of herbal medicine and scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, GoogleScholar, BaiduScholar, and others. Then, we analyzed the possible molecular mechanisms for different types of natural compounds in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress. In addition, perspectives for possible future studies are discussed. Results These agents with protective effects against oxidative stress in ECs mainly include phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Most of these agents alleviate cell apoptosis in ECs due to oxidative stress, and the mechanisms are related to Nrf2/HO-1 signaling activation. However, despite continued progress in research on various aspects of natural agents exerting protective effects against EC injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, the development of new drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) and other CVDs based on these agents will require more detailed preclinical and clinical studies. Conclusion Our present paper provides updated information of natural agents with protective activities on ECs against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1. We hope this review will provide some directions for the further development of novel candidate drugs from natural agents for the treatment of AS and other CVDs.
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Key Words
- 7-HMR, (−)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol
- ADH, andrographolide
- AGE, advanced glycation end product
- AMP, Athyrium Multidentatum
- APV, aqueous extracts of Prunella Vulgaris
- ARE, antioxidant reaction elements
- AS, atherosclerosis
- ASD-IV, Astragaloside IV
- ASP, Angelica sinensis polysaccharide
- ASTP, Astragalus polysacharin
- Akt, protein kinase B
- Ang, Angiotensin
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- Atherosclerosis
- BAECs, bovine artery endothelial cells
- BBR, Berberine
- BITC, benzyl isothiocyanate
- C3G, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside
- CINM, Cinnamaldehyde
- CNC, Cap'n'collar
- CREB, cAMP-response element binding protein
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- CVRF, cardiovascular risk factors
- DMY, Dihydromyricetin
- ECC, (−)-Epicatechin
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
- ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases
- ET, endothelin
- EXS, Xanthoceras sorbifolia
- FFA, Fatty Acids
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GSD Rg1, Ginsenoside Rg1
- GTE, Ganoderma tsugae extracts
- Gau A, Glaucocalyxin A
- HAMS, human anthocyanin medicated serum
- HG, high glucose
- HIF-1, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
- HO-1, heme oxygenase
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- HXC, Huoxue capsule
- Hcy, Homocysteine
- Herbal medicine
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
- IL, interleukin
- KGRE, extracts of KGR
- KRG, Korean red ginseng
- Keap1, kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related proteins
- LWDH, Liuwei-Dihuang pill
- MA, maslinic acid
- MAPKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCGA3, 3-O-caffeoyl-1-methylquinic acid
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- Molecular mechanism
- NAF, Nepeta Angustifolia
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- NG, naringenin
- NQO1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2
- Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
- OA, Oleanolic acid
- OMT, Oxymatrine
- OX-LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein
- Oxidative stress
- PA, Palmitate
- PAA, Pachymic acid
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1
- PEITC, phenethyl isocyanate
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PT, Pterostilbene
- RBPC, phenolic extracts derived from rice bran
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAL, Salidroside
- SFN, sulforaphane
- SMT, Samul-Tang Tang
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Sal B, salvianolic acid B
- SchB, Schisandrin B
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TXA2, Thromboxane A2
- TrxR1, thioredoxin reductase-1
- US, uraemic serum
- VA, Vanillic acid
- VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule
- VEC, vascular endothelial cells
- VEI, vascular endothelial injury
- Vascular endothelial cells
- XAG, xanthoangelol
- XXT, Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablet
- Z-Lig, Z-ligustilide
- eNOS, endothelial NO synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Huxinyue Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Kim Y, Jung LY, Kim IJ, Rhee KS. Ventricular Tachycardia Associated with Allium Species Intoxication. Chonnam Med J 2022; 58:88-89. [PMID: 35677946 PMCID: PMC9163597 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2022.58.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yisik Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Lae-Young Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In-Jae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Suk Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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15
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Patiño-Morales CC, Jaime-Cruz R, Sánchez-Gómez C, Corona JC, Hernández-Cruz EY, Kalinova-Jelezova I, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Maldonado PD, Silva-Islas CA, Salazar-García M. Antitumor Effects of Natural Compounds Derived from Allium sativum on Neuroblastoma: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010048. [PMID: 35052552 PMCID: PMC8773006 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) has been used in alternative medicine to treat several diseases, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and hepatic diseases. Several publications have highlighted other features of garlic, including its antibacterial, antioxidative, antihypertensive, and antithrombotic properties. The properties of garlic result from the combination of natural compounds that act synergistically and cause different effects. Some garlic-derived compounds have been studied for the treatment of several types of cancer; however, reports on the effects of garlic on neuroblastoma are scarce. Neuroblastoma is a prevalent childhood tumor for which the search for therapeutic alternatives to improve treatment without affecting the patients’ quality of life continues. Garlic-derived compounds hold potential for the treatment of this type of cancer. A review of articles published to date on some garlic compounds and their effect on neuroblastoma was undertaken to comprehend the possible therapeutic role of these compounds. This review aimed to analyze the impact of some garlic compounds on cells derived from neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos César Patiño-Morales
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana—Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05348, Mexico;
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.J.-C.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Ricardo Jaime-Cruz
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.J.-C.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Concepción Sánchez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.J.-C.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Juan Carlos Corona
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Estefani Yaquelin Hernández-Cruz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.Y.H.-C.); (I.K.-J.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Ivia Kalinova-Jelezova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.Y.H.-C.); (I.K.-J.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (E.Y.H.-C.); (I.K.-J.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Perla D. Maldonado
- Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (P.D.M.); (C.A.S.-I.)
| | - Carlos Alfredo Silva-Islas
- Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (P.D.M.); (C.A.S.-I.)
| | - Marcela Salazar-García
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Experimental Teratogenesis, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (R.J.-C.); (C.S.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Deng X, Yang P, Gao T, Liu M, Li X. Allicin attenuates myocardial apoptosis, inflammation and mitochondrial injury during hypoxia-reoxygenation: an in vitro study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:200. [PMID: 33882833 PMCID: PMC8059159 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is a damage due to an initial reduction in blood flow to the heart, preventing it from receiving enough oxygen, and subsequent restoration of blood flow through the opening of an occluded coronary artery producing paradoxical harmful effects. The finding of new therapies to prevent IR is of utmost importance. Allicin is a compound isolated from garlic having the ability to prevent and cure different diseases, and a protective effect on the myocardium was also demonstrated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro protective effect of Allicin against myocardial IR injury on cardiomyocytes. Methods We established an in vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) model of primary porcine cardiomyocytes to simulate myocardial IR injury. Primary porcine cardiomyocytes were extracted from Mini-musk swines (1 day old). After a period of adaptation of at least 2–3 days, cardiomyocytes in good condition were selected and randomly divided into control group (normal oxygen for 5 h), HR group (2 h of hypoxia/3 h of reoxygenation), and HR + Allicin group (hypoxia/reoxygenation + Allicin treatment). Results After the induction of hypoxia/reoxygenation, Allicin treatment enhanced the cell viability. Moreover, Allicin treatment resulted in a reduction of apoptosis from 13.5 ± 1.2% to 6.11 ± 0.15% compared with the HR group (p < 0.05), and the apoptosis related proteins were regulated as well, with a decreased expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cytosolic cytochrome C and an increase in Bcl-2 expression in the HR + Allicin group (all p < 0.01). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were down-regulated by the treatment with Allicin (both p < 0.01). In addition, it significantly decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species generation (p < 0.01) and reduced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the expression of PPARγ coactivator-1α and endothelial nitric oxide synthase was up-regulated (both p < 0.01), while the expression of Endothelin-1, hypoxia inducing factor-1α and transforming growth factor beta was down-regulated (all p < 0.01) by Allicin treatment. Conclusions These results suggested that Allicin protected the cardiomyocytes against HR damage by reducing apoptosis, inflammation and mitochondrial injury, thus providing a basis for its potential use in the treatment of myocardial IR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-01918-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Deng
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, 2 East Yinghuayuan Street, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Gao
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianlun Li
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, 2 East Yinghuayuan Street, Hepingli, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Department of Integrative Medicine Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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17
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Kaur R, Masisi K, Molaei M, Le K, Fischer G, Kobue-Lekalake R, Moghadasian MH. Anti-atherogenic properties of Kgengwe ( Citrullus lanatus) seed powder in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice are mediated through beneficial alterations in inflammatory pathways. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:169-177. [PMID: 32846097 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kgengwe fruits are commonly consumed in sub-Saharan countries. Recent reports indicated low coronary artery disease rates in those regions. To investigate anti-atherogenic properties and potential mechanisms of action of Kgengwe seed powder (KSP), male low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDL-r-KO) mice were fed with an atherogenic diet supplemented with (treated, n = 10) or without (controls, n = 10) 10% (w/w) KSP for 20 weeks. Proximate analysis revealed that KSP contained 38% fibre and 15% lipids. KSP supplementation was not associated with significant changes in body weight gain rate, food intake, and plasma lipid levels. However, the average atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic roots in the KSP-treated group was 58% smaller than that in the control group (0.26 vs 0.11 mm2, p < 0.05). This strong anti-atherogenic effect was associated with significant increases in the average plasma levels of certain cytokines such as IL-10 (6 vs 13 pg/mL, p < 0.05), GM-CSF (0.1 vs 0.2 pg/mL, p < 0.05), and EPO (7 vs 16 pg/mL, p < 0.05) along with reductions in the average levels of plasma MCP-1 (19 vs 14 pg/mL, p < 0.05) and MIP-2 (28 vs 13 pg/mL, p < 0.05). Except for relatively high levels of saturated fatty acids, KSP possesses balanced nutrient compositions with strong anti-atherogenic properties, which may be mediated through alterations in inflammatory pathways. Additional studies warrant confirmation and mechanism(s) of action of such effects. Novelty: Kgengwe seeds prevent atherogenesis in LDL-r-KO mice. Kgengwe seeds increase circulating levels of IL-10 and EPO. No reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kaur
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - K Masisi
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - M Molaei
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - K Le
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - G Fischer
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada
| | - R Kobue-Lekalake
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Botswana
| | - M H Moghadasian
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Alsufyani H, Zawawi BH. Protective effect of garlic juice on renal function and lipid profile in rats fed with high-fat diet. SAUDI JOURNAL FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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19
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Yaribeygi H, Sathyapalan T, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Natural Insulin Sensitizers for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Possible Molecular Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1328:401-410. [PMID: 34981492 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a growing health challenge globally which is increasing in epidemic proportion. Naturally occurring pharmacological agents are more likely to provide beneficial therapeutic effects without undesirable side effects compared to the synthetic agents. There is a growing evidence that some naturally occurring pharmacological agents derived from plants have potential antihyperglycemic effects. In this study, we have reviewed the molecular mechanism behind potential hypoglycemic properties of four well-known herbal-based agents, namely, ginger, curcumin, garlic, and cinnamon. Also, we present the related clinical data confirming experimental results aiming to develop novel therapeutic strategies based on these herbal agents potentially for the management of patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Medicine The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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20
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Brancaccio M, Mennitti C, Cesaro A, Fimiani F, Moscarella E, Caiazza M, Gragnano F, Ranieri A, D’Alicandro G, Tinto N, Mazzaccara C, Lombardo B, Pero R, Limongelli G, Frisso G, Calabrò P, Scudiero O. Dietary Thiols: A Potential Supporting Strategy against Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure and Muscular Damage during Sports Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E9424. [PMID: 33339141 PMCID: PMC7765667 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Moderate exercise combined with proper nutrition are considered protective factors against cardiovascular disease and musculoskeletal disorders. However, physical activity is known not only to have positive effects. In fact, the achievement of a good performance requires a very high oxygen consumption, which leads to the formation of oxygen free radicals, responsible for premature cell aging and diseases such as heart failure and muscle injury. In this scenario, a primary role is played by antioxidants, in particular by natural antioxidants that can be taken through the diet. Natural antioxidants are molecules capable of counteracting oxygen free radicals without causing cellular cytotoxicity. In recent years, therefore, research has conducted numerous studies on the identification of natural micronutrients, in order to prevent or mitigate oxidative stress induced by physical activity by helping to support conventional drug therapies against heart failure and muscle damage. The aim of this review is to have an overview of how controlled physical activity and a diet rich in antioxidants can represent a "natural cure" to prevent imbalances caused by free oxygen radicals in diseases such as heart failure and muscle damage. In particular, we will focus on sulfur-containing compounds that have the ability to protect the body from oxidative stress. We will mainly focus on six natural antioxidants: glutathione, taurine, lipoic acid, sulforaphane, garlic and methylsulfonylmethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mennitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni D’Alicandro
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Center of Sports Medicine and Disability, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nadia Tinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Monaldi Hospital, 81100 Naples, Italy; (F.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.); (F.G.); (G.L.)
- Division of Clinical Cardiology, A.O.R.N. “Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (N.T.); (C.M.); (B.L.); (R.P.)
- Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate S. C. a R. L., 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy
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Opinions on the current pandemic of COVID-19: Use functional food to boost our immune functions. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:1811-1817. [PMID: 32948484 PMCID: PMC7831995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of novel coronavirus caused COVID-19 had resulted in a high number of hospitalizations and deaths and caused a devastating toll on human and society health. The symptoms of the infected patients vary significantly, from life-threatening to mild or even asymptomatic. This clinical observation led to hypothesize on the critical role of host innate immunity in the disease development and progression. As the first defense barrier against microorganisms, the innate immune reaction determines not only the viral infection rate but also immune-mediated response. Therefore, promote healthy behaviors to enhance innate immunity with functional food and nutritional agents may be a rational strategy for minimizing damages caused by viruses to global health.
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Antihypertensive effects of allicin on spontaneously hypertensive rats via vasorelaxation and hydrogen sulfide mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110240. [PMID: 32480217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allicin, the principle active constituent in garlic, has been reported to have antihypertensive effects on drug-induced hypertension or renal hypertension in rats, but reports on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) are rare. Allicin is comprised of a variety of sulfur-containing compounds, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to have specific vasomotor effects. We therefore hypothesize that allicin may exert a vasorelaxant activity by inducing H2S production, and this eventually result in a reduction in blood pressure in SHRs. METHODS The in vivo antihypertensive effect of allicin was assessed using a tail-cuff method on SHRs. The in vitro vasorelaxant effect and in-depth mechanisms of allicin were explored on rat mesenteric arterial rings (RMARs) isolated from SD rats. RESULTS In the in vivo study, administration of allicin (7 mg/kg and 14 mg/kg, 4 weeks, i.g) dramatically decreased the blood pressure in SHRs, which was also shown to be attenuated by H2S synthase inhibitor (PAG, 32 mg/kg, i.g). In in vitro studies, allicin (2.50-15.77 mM) produced a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation on RMARs, which was obviously reduced by preincubation with PAG. The removal of endothelium led to a decline in allicin's vasorelaxation, which was almost completely mitigated when treatment was followed with PAG. Inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGI2) pathways separately suppressed the vasorelaxation induced by allicin to a certain degree. When the RMARs incubated with PAG were treated with or without the above inhibitors in separate groups, the relaxations caused by allicin were almost identical under both these conditions. Moreover, allicin treatment increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels (downstream products of NO and PGI2 pathways), which was decreased by PAG. Additionally, allicin increased the acetylcholine-induced endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) -mediated relaxation, which was unaffected by PAG. CONCLUSION Allicin exhibits a potent antihypertensive effect through vasodilatory properties and H2S mechanisms. Moreover, the vasodilation of allicin is partially dependent on endothelium. The endothelium-dependent vasodilation of allicin is mediated by the NO-sGC-cGMP, PGI2-AC-cAMP and EDHF pathways, of which H2S participates in the first two but not the third one. The endothelium independent vasodilation can be predominantly attributed to H2S production.
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Amin AR, Kassab RB, Abdel Moneim AE, Amin HK. Comparison Among Garlic, Berberine, Resveratrol,Hibiscus sabdariffa, GenusZizyphus, Hesperidin, Red Beetroot,Catha edulis,Portulaca oleracea, and Mulberry Leaves in the Treatment of Hypertension and Type 2 DM: A Comprehensive Review. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20921623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are 2 of the most prevalent diseases with poor impact on health status worldwide. In most cases, they coexist with other metabolic disorders as well as cardiac, micro- and macrovascular complications. Many plants are known for their hypotensive, cardioprotective, and/or antidiabetic activities. Their active ingredients either identified and isolated or still utilized as herbal preparations of certain plant parts. The use of medicinal plants comprises the main basis for most of the traditional medicine (TM) systems and procedures. As conventional medicines seem insufficient to control such progressive diseases, herbal agents from TM could be used as adjuvant with good impact on disease control and progression as well as other concomitant health conditions. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of 10 different herbal medicines of botanical origin or herbal preparations in the management of hypertension and its cardiovascular complications and type 2 DM along with various coexisting health disorders. These herbal medicines are garlic, berberine, resveratrol, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Zizyphus ( oxyphylla, mucronate, jujube, rugosa), hesperidin, red beetroot, Catha edulis, mulberry leaves, and Portulaca oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira R. Amin
- Cardiology and Oncology Section, Nasser Institute for Research and Treatment, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rami B. Kassab
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem K. Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Egypt
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El-Saber Batiha G, Magdy Beshbishy A, G. Wasef L, Elewa YHA, A. Al-Sagan A, Abd El-Hack ME, Taha AE, M. Abd-Elhakim Y, Prasad Devkota H. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.): A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E872. [PMID: 32213941 PMCID: PMC7146530 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used from ancient times for human healthcare as in the form of traditional medicines, spices, and other food components. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an aromatic herbaceous plant that is consumed worldwide as food and traditional remedy for various diseases. It has been reported to possess several biological properties including anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, renoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antihypertensive activities in traditional medicines. A. sativum is rich in several sulfur-containing phytoconstituents such as alliin, allicin, ajoenes, vinyldithiins, and flavonoids such as quercetin. Extracts and isolated compounds of A. sativum have been evaluated for various biological activities including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities among others. This review examines the phytochemical composition, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological activities of A. sativum extracts as well as its main active constituent, allicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;
| | - Lamiaa G. Wasef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
| | - Yaser H. A. Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ahmed A. Al-Sagan
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Ayman E. Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22578, Egypt;
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan;
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Antiatherosclerosis Properties of Total Saponins of Garlic in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3683659. [PMID: 32190081 PMCID: PMC7064851 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3683659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Garlic has been proven effective in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis (AS), which is widely used as a food and medicine by people in daily life. Garlic saponins are the main active nonsulfur compounds of garlic, which have a variety of pharmacological activities against cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the antiatherosclerosis properties and mechanism of total saponins of garlic (TSG) in rats were explored. The AS animal model was established by a combination of high-fat feeding, intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3, and ovalbumin-induced inflammation in SD rats. Then, the atherosclerotic rats were gavaged daily by TSG for 4 weeks. Administration of TSG markedly decreased atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of atherosclerotic rats. TSG restored the serum lipid profile by significantly decreasing the lipid levels and had effective antioxidation by inhibiting the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and restoring the reduced activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Additionally, the ratio of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) could be maintained in a relatively stable dynamic balance after administration of TSG to maintain the vascular homeostasis. In summary, TSG had therapeutic effects on AS, which are promising as functional foods or nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Matsutomo T. Potential benefits of garlic and other dietary supplements for the management of hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1479-1484. [PMID: 32010326 PMCID: PMC6966105 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although some effective drug treatments are available, a relatively large proportion of patients have uncontrolled blood pressure. Dietary supplements are used for the prevention and treatment of hypertension as complementary and alternative medicines. Of the various dietary supplements, antioxidants, fish oil and diverse herbal products are commonly used. Within this context, it is important to determine the actual effectiveness and possible side-effects of these supplements; however, some of the products have been poorly investigated for their effects and safety. In the current review, we focus on garlic and several other dietary supplements, such as coenzyme Q10, fish oil and probiotics, that have exhibited significant beneficial effects on blood pressure in clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the possible mechanisms of action responsible for their anti-hypertensive effects, as well as the safety, active ingredients and their potential use as adjunct therapies for uncontrolled hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Matsutomo
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
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27
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Quesada I, de Paola M, Torres-Palazzolo C, Camargo A, Ferder L, Manucha W, Castro C. Effect of Garlic’s Active Constituents in Inflammation, Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-019-1009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Pharmacological and Nutritional Modulation of Vascular Calcification. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010100. [PMID: 31905884 PMCID: PMC7019601 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, and therefore, inhibition or regression of this processes is of clinical importance. The standard care regarding prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease at this moment mainly depends on drug therapy. In animal and preclinical studies, various forms of cardiovascular drug therapy seem to have a positive effect on vascular calcification. In particular, calcium channel blockers and inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system slowed down arterial calcification in experimental animals. In humans, the results of trials with these drugs are far less pronounced and often contradictory. There is limited evidence that the development of new atherosclerotic lesions may be retarded in patients with coronary artery disease, but existing lesions can hardly be influenced. Although statin therapy has a proven role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, it is associated with both regression and acceleration of the vascular calcification process. Recently, nutritional supplements have been recognized as a potential tool to reduce calcification. This is particularly true for vitamin K, which acts as an inhibitor of vascular calcification. In addition to vitamin K, other dietary supplements may also modulate vascular function. In this narrative review, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacological and nutritional possibilities to prevent the development and progression of vascular calcification.
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Song H, Cui J, Mossine VV, Greenlief CM, Fritsche K, Sun GY, Gu Z. Bioactive components from garlic on brain resiliency against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1554-1559. [PMID: 32010338 PMCID: PMC6966118 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) has been widely used for culinary and medicinal purposes. Aged garlic extract (AGE) and sulfur-containing compounds, including S-allylcysteine (SAC) are well documented botanical active components of garlic. AGE is prepared by the prolonged extraction of fresh garlic with aqueous ethanol and is considered a nutritional supplement with potential to promote human health. SAC is a water-soluble organosulfur compound and the most abundant component of AGE. Studies have demonstrated that both AGE and SAC can exert neuroprotective effects against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Another bioactive component in AGE is N-α-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-L-arginine (FruArg) although less is known about the metabolic activity of this compound. The main aim of this review was to provide an undated overview of the neuroprotective perspectives of these active garlic components (AGE, SAC and FruArg). Of interest, our studies and those of others indicate that both AGE and FruArg are involved in the regulation of gene transcription and protein expression. AGE has been shown to reverse 67% of the transcriptome alteration induced by endotoxins-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and FruArg has been shown to account for the protective effects by reversing 55% of genes altered in a cell-based neuroinflammation paradigm stimulated by LPS in murine BV-2 microglial cells. AGE and FruArg can alleviate neuroinflammatory responses through a variety of signaling pathways, such as Toll-like receptor and interleukin (IL)-6 signaling, as well as by upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated oxidative stress pathways known to promote microglial resiliency against neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The capability of FruArg to pass through the blood-brain barrier further supports its potential as a therapeutic compound. In summary, these experimental results provide new insight into the understanding of the neuroprotective effects of garlic components in promoting brain resiliency for health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Song
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jiankun Cui
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Truman VA Hospital Research Service, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Valeri V Mossine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | | | - Kevin Fritsche
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zezong Gu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.,Truman VA Hospital Research Service, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Hutchins E, Shaikh K, Kinninger A, Cherukuri L, Birudaraju D, Mao SS, Nakanishi R, Almeida S, Jayawardena E, Shekar C, Flores F, Hamal S, Sheikh S, Johanis A, Cu B, Trad G, Budoff MJ. Aged garlic extract reduces left ventricular myocardial mass in patients with diabetes: A prospective randomized controlled double-blind study. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1468-1471. [PMID: 32010324 PMCID: PMC6966199 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased left ventricular myocardial mass (LVM) is a well known prognostic marker of poor cardiac outcomes. Decreases in LVM have been shown to decrease the cardiovascular risk. Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been shown to have an overall favorable effect on cardiac health; however, to the best of our knowledge, no study to date has specifically examined its effects on left ventricular mass. This study investigated whether AGE can affect LVM measured by cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). This is a double-blind, placebo controlled randomized trial. In total, 65 participants with DM with a mean age of 58 years were prospectively assigned to consume 2,400 mg AGE/day or the placebo orally. Both groups underwent CCTA at baseline and follow-up at 1 year apart. LVM was measured using automated software. The baseline characteristics did not differ between the AGE and placebo groups. There was a trend towards a significant reduction in LVM at follow-up as compared to baseline in the AGE group (119.30±34.77 vs. 121.0±34.70, P=0.059). No change was observed in LVM in the placebo group at 1-year follow-up as compared to baseline (124.6±37.33 vs. 124.6±35.13, P=0.9). On the whole, this study indicated that AGE may decrease or stabilize LVM. Further studies however, with a larger sample size and longer follow-up times are required to evaluate the effects of AGE on hypertension and LVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Hutchins
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Kashif Shaikh
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - April Kinninger
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Lavanya Cherukuri
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Divya Birudaraju
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Song Shou Mao
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Rine Nakanishi
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Shone Almeida
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Eranthi Jayawardena
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Chandana Shekar
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Fredinand Flores
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Sajad Hamal
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Salman Sheikh
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Amit Johanis
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Benedict Cu
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - George Trad
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Institute, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
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Martínez-Pizarro S. [Influence of garlic on hypertension]. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2019; 37:47-49. [PMID: 31813794 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lapuente M, Estruch R, Shahbaz M, Casas R. Relation of Fruits and Vegetables with Major Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Markers of Oxidation, and Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2381. [PMID: 31590420 PMCID: PMC6835769 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are considered to be the leading cause of death worldwide. Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake have been recognized as a risk factor for almost all NCDs (type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases). The main aim of this review is to examine the possible protective effect that fruit and vegetable consumption or their bioactive compounds may have on the development of NCDs such as atherosclerosis. The accumulated evidence on the protective effects of adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables in some cases, or the lack of evidence in others, are summarized in the present review. The main conclusion of this review is that well-designed, large-scale, long-term studies are needed to truly understand the role fruit and vegetable consumption or their bioactive compounds have in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lapuente
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Mana Shahbaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Li X, Luo J, Zhang C, Liu L, Ou S, Zhang G, Peng X. Alliin protects against inflammatory bowel disease by preserving the gene expression in colonic epithelial cells rather than altering gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Nagaraja S, Ankri S. Target identification and intervention strategies against amebiasis. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 44:1-14. [PMID: 31112766 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of amebiasis, which is an endemic parasitic disease in developing countries and is the cause of approximately 70,000 deaths annually. E. histolytica trophozoites usually reside in the colon as a non-pathogenic commensal in most infected individuals (90% of infected individuals are asymptomatic). For unknown reasons, these trophozoites can become virulent and invasive, cause amebic dysentery, and migrate to the liver where they cause hepatocellular damage. Amebiasis is usually treated either by amebicides which are classified as (a) luminal and are active against the luminal forms of the parasite, (b) tissue and are effective against those parasites that have invaded tissues, and (c) mixed and are effective against the luminal forms of the parasite and those forms which invaded the host's tissues. Of the amebicides, the luminal amebicide, metronidazole (MTZ), is the most widely used drug to treat amebiasis. Although well tolerated, concerns about its adverse effects and the possible emergence of MTZ-resistant strains of E. histolytica have led to the development of new therapeutic strategies against amebiasis. These strategies include improving the potency of existing amebicides, discovering new uses for approved drugs (repurposing of existing drugs), drug rediscovery, vaccination, drug targeting of essential E. histolytica components, and the use of probiotics and bioactive natural products. This review examines each of these strategies in the light of the current knowledge on the gut microbiota of patients with amebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Nagaraja
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Serge Ankri
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Kim JY, Shim SH. Medicinal Herbs Effective Against Atherosclerosis: Classification According to Mechanism of Action. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:254-264. [PMID: 30917628 PMCID: PMC6513182 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a widespread and chronic progressive arterial disease that has been regarded as one of the major causes of death worldwide. It is caused by the deposition of cholesterol, fats, and other substances in the tunica intima which leads to narrowing of the blood vessels, loss of elasticity, and arterial wall thickening, thus causing difficulty in blood flow. Natural products have been used as one of the most important strategies for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases for a long time. In recent decades, as interests in natural products including medicinal herbs have increased, many studies regarding natural compounds that are effective against atherosclerosis have been conducted. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief over-view of the natural compounds that have been used for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, and their mechanisms of action based on recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Kim
- Colleage of Pharmacy, Duksung Woman's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Shim
- Colleage of Pharmacy, Duksung Woman's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
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S-1-Propenylcysteine augments BACH1 degradation and heme oxygenase 1 expression in a nitric oxide-dependent manner in endothelial cells. Nitric Oxide 2019; 84:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Fritts JR, Fort C, Quinn Corr A, Liang Q, Alla L, Cravener T, Hayes JE, Rolls BJ, D'Adamo C, Keller KL. Herbs and spices increase liking and preference for vegetables among rural high school students. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhao Y, Chen ZY. Roles of Spicy Foods and Their Bioactive Compounds in Management of Hypercholesterolemia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8662-8671. [PMID: 30056715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia, as one of the major risk factors in development of cardiovascular diseases, is of mounting prevalence worldwide in recent years. Many nutraceuticals and phytochemical supplements serve as a promising complementary therapy in the management of hypercholesterolemia. Among them, spicy foods have attracted special attention. Plasma lipid-lowering activity of garlic, ginger, and turmeric have been well-studied in both humans and animals. Consumption of either 3 g/day of ginger or 2 g/day of curcumin for over 4 weeks effectively reduced blood cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia subjects. However, effects of chili and black peppers on blood cholesterol are studied little clinically. The present review is to summarize the findings of recent studies on the efficacy and mechanism of spicy foods and their primary bioactive components in management of hypercholesterolemia from preclinical studies to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhao
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is reflective of atherosclerotic disease and incrementally predictive of future cardiovascular events (CVE), independent of traditional risk factors. Extra coronary calcium such as aortic valve calcification, which can be identified and quantified by computed tomography (CT) imaging, has shown to predict future CVE in both asymptomatic and symptomatic (i.e. stable angina and acute coronary syndrome [ACS]) settings. It has hence been a vital tool in studies involving new therapies for cardiovascular disease. Areas covered: In this review, promising therapies on the horizon are reviewed, along with the role of cardiac CT and coronary calcification in these studies. A Medline search for peer-reviewed publications using keywords related to coronary calcium score, aortic valve calcium, and therapies targeting the same was carried out. Expert commentary: CT scanning provides a distinct means of detecting and quantifying coronary plaque as well as valvular calcification with excellent reproducibility. Based on voluminous data available, the absence of coronary calcium serves as a factor to de-risk patients for cardiovascular risk stratification and management algorithms. Newer therapies have shown to lower progression of coronary calcification, thus being beneficial in slowing progression of atherosclerotic disease. As British Epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose states, the best predictor of a life-threatening disease is the early manifestation of that disease. As CAC represents the early manifestation of atherosclerosis, it is the best-known stratifier of risk today, and its clinical use will continue to rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Shekar
- a Department of Cardiology , Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Matthew Budoff
- a Department of Cardiology , Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA , Los Angeles , CA , USA
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Asgary S, Rastqar A, Keshvari M. Functional Food and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment: A Review. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [PMID: 29528772 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1410867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the leading cause of death globally and is a growing health concern. Lifestyle factors, including nutrition, play an important role in the etiology and treatment of CVD. Functional foods based on their basic nutritional functions can decrease the risk of many chronic diseases and have some physiological benefits. They contain physiologically active components either from plant or animal sources, marketed with the claim of their ability to reduce heart disease risk, focusing primarily on established risk factors, which are hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity/overweight, elevated lipoprotein A level, small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and elevated inflammatory marker levels. Functional foods are suspected to exert their cardioprotective effects mainly through blood lipid profile level and improve hypertension control, endothelial function, platelet aggregation, and antioxidant actions. Clinical and epidemiological observations indicate that vegetable and fruit fiber, nuts and seeds, sea foods, coffee, tea, and dark chocolate have cardioprotective potential in humans, as well whole-grain products containing intact grain kernels rich in fiber and trace nutrients. They are nutritionally more important because they contain phytoprotective substances that might work synergistically to reduce cardiovascular risk. This review will focus on the reciprocal interaction between functional foods and the potential link to cardiovascular health and the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Asgary
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Ali Rastqar
- b Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , Université Laval, Québec , Québec , Canada.,c Research Center of University Affiliated Québec Mental Health Institute, Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Mahtab Keshvari
- a Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
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Ciocci M, Iorio E, Carotenuto F, Khashoggi HA, Nanni F, Melino S. H2S-releasing nanoemulsions: a new formulation to inhibit tumor cells proliferation and improve tissue repair. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84338-84358. [PMID: 27741519 PMCID: PMC5356665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The improvement of solubility and/or dissolution rate of poorly soluble natural compounds is an ideal strategy to make them optimal candidates as new potential drugs. Accordingly, the allyl sulfur compounds and omega-3 fatty acids are natural hydrophobic compounds that exhibit two important combined properties: cardiovascular protection and antitumor activity. Here, we have synthesized and characterized a novel formulation of diallyl disulfide (DADS) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) as protein-nanoemulsions (BAD-NEs), using ultrasounds. BAD-NEs are stable over time at room temperature and show antioxidant and radical scavenging property. These NEs are also optimal H2S slow-release donors and show a significant anti-proliferative effect on different human cancer cell lines: MCF-7 breast cancer and HuT 78 T-cell lymphoma cells. BAD-NEs are able to regulate the ERK1/2 pathway, inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. We have also investigated their effect on cell proliferation of human adult stem/progenitor cells. Interestingly, BAD-NEs are able to improve the Lin- Sca1+ human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPC) proliferation. This stem cell growth stimulation is combined with the expression and activation of proteins involved in tissue-repair, such as P-AKT, α-sma and connexin 43. Altogether, our results suggest that these antioxidant nanoemulsions might have potential application in selective cancer therapy and for promoting the muscle tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ciocci
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Felicia Carotenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Haneen A Khashoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Nanni
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Duffy GF, Shupe ES, Kuczmarski MF, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Motivations for Botanical Use by Socioeconomically Diverse, Urban Adults: Does Evidence Support Motivation? J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23:812-818. [PMID: 28437143 PMCID: PMC5655417 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objectives were to characterize botanical dietary supplement (BDS) use and to compare the motivations for botanical supplement (BS) use to the efficacy of the botanical in a socioeconomically and racially diverse urban adult population. METHODS Subjects were from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study, a 20-year prospective health disparities study with African American and white adults from Baltimore, Maryland. All study participants completed two dietary recalls and a dietary supplement (DS) questionnaire in Wave 3 (n = 2140). Diet quality was evaluated by the Healthy Eating Index-2010 and the Mean Adequacy Ratio for 17 micronutrients. A comparison of reported motivations to efficacy reported in the literature of single BS was conducted. RESULTS Approximately 50% (1062/2140) of participants took DS. Of these, 8% (n = 178) reported taking either BS or BDS. It was found that BDS users had better diet quality than DS users as well as nonusers of DS. The top three motivations for BDS users were to improve overall health, to maintain health, and to supplement the diet. There is limited evidence for the efficacy of most BS. Review of the efficacy of the 15 BS reported by ≥5% of the study population revealed beneficial health roles for only fiber, gingko biloba extract EGb 761, and hawthorn berry. CONCLUSION To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to report a better quality diet with BDS use for a racially diverse urban population. Yet, improvement in diet is needed because overall quality did not achieve current recommendations. To improve overall health, it may be beneficial for this population to focus on dietary modifications to reduce the risks associated with chronic diseases. In general, the reported motivations for BS use were not supported by clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace F. Duffy
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Emily Stave Shupe
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | | | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
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Garlicin Post-Conditioning Suppresses Adhesion Molecules in a Porcine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 25:31-36. [PMID: 28497390 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether garlicin post-conditioning can attenuate myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury in a catheter-based porcine model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by affecting adhesion molecules integrin β1/CD29 and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31). METHODS Twenty-two swine were devided into 3 groups: 6 in a sham-operation group, and 8 each in the model and garlicin groups. AMI porcine model was established in the model and garlicin groups. The distal parts of the left anterior descending coronary artery in the animals of the model and garlicin groups were occluded by dilated balloon for 2 h, followed by reperfusion for 3 h. Garlicin (1.88 mg/kg) was injected over a period of 1 h, beginning just before reperfusion, in the garlicin group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were carried out to detect mRNA and protein expressions of CD29 and CD31 3 h after reperfusion. RESULTS Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed a better myocardial structure in the garlicin group after reperfusion. Compared to the model group, garlicin inhibited both the mRNA and protein expression of CD29 and CD31 in reperfusion area and no-reflflow area (P<0.05 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Garlicin post-conditioning induced cardio-protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in this catheter-based porcine model of AMI. The cardio-protective effect of garlicin is possibly owing to suppression of production of CD29 and CD31, by inhibition of the mRNA expression of CD29 and CD31.
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Zeng Y, Li Y, Yang J, Pu X, Du J, Yang X, Yang T, Yang S. Therapeutic Role of Functional Components in Alliums for Preventive Chronic Disease in Human Being. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:9402849. [PMID: 28261311 PMCID: PMC5316450 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9402849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Functional components in alliums have long been maintained to play a key role in modifying the major risk factors for chronic disease. To obtain a better understanding of alliums for chronic disease prevention, we conducted a systematic review for risk factors and prevention strategies for chronic disease of functional components in alliums, based on a comprehensive English literature search that was conducted using various electronic search databases, especially the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI for the period 2007-2016. Allium genus especially garlic, onion, and Chinese chive is rich in organosulfur compounds, quercetin, flavonoids, saponins, and others, which have anticancer, preventive cardiovascular and heart diseases, anti-inflammation, antiobesity, antidiabetes, antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, neuroprotective and immunological effects, and so on. These results support Allium genus; garlic and onion especially may be the promising dietotherapeutic vegetables and organopolysulfides as well as quercetin mechanism in the treatment of chronic diseases. This review may be used as scientific basis for the development of functional food, nutraceuticals, and alternative drugs to improve the chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Yuxi Agriculture Vocation-Technical College, Yunnan, Yuxi 653106, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
- Kunming Tiankang Science & Technology Limited Company, Yunnan, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Juan Du
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
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Effect of the Aged Garlic Extract on Cardiovascular Function in Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111425. [PMID: 27792195 PMCID: PMC6273338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant properties of aged garlic extract (AGE) on cardiovascular functioning (CF) in metabolic syndrome (MS) remains poorly studied. Here we study the AGE effects on CF in a rat model of MS. Control rats plus saline solution (C + SS), MS rats (30% sucrose in drinking water from weaning) plus saline solution (MS + SS), control rats receiving AGE (C + AGE 125 mg/Kg/12 h) and MS rats with AGE (MS + AGE) were studied. MS + SS had increased triglycerides, systolic blood pressure, insulin, leptin, HOMA index, and advanced glycation end products. AGE returned their levels to control values (p < 0.01). Cholesterol was decreased by AGE (p = 0.05). Glutathion and GPx activity were reduced in MS + SS rats and increased with AGE (p = 0.05). Lipid peroxidation was increased in MS + SS and AGE reduced it (p = 0.001). Vascular functioning was deteriorated by MS (increased vasocontraction and reduced vasodilation) and AGE improved it (p = 0.001). Coronary vascular resistance was increased in MS rats and AGE decreased it (p = 0.001). Cardiac performance was not modified by MS but AGE increased it. NO measured in the perfusate liquid from the heart and serum citrulline, nitrites/nitrates were decreased in MS and AGE increased them (p < 0.01). In conclusion, AGE reduces MS-induced cardiovascular risk, through its anti-oxidant properties.
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Ho XL, Tsen SY, Ng MY, Lee WN, Low A, Loke WM. Aged Garlic Supplement Protects Against Lipid Peroxidation in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals. J Med Food 2016; 19:931-937. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Lin Ho
- Centre for Functional Food & Human Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shin Yih Tsen
- Food Science & Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Yen Ng
- Food Science & Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ni Lee
- Food Science & Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aileen Low
- Defu Foodstuff Pte Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Mun Loke
- Centre for Functional Food & Human Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
- Food Science & Nutrition, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
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