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Sabbah M, Badrasawi K, Kharraz L, Badrasawi M. Knowledge and handling practices for raw hen's eggs during purchase, preparation, storage, and consumption: a cross sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7122. [PMID: 38531937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the hen's eggs knowledge, handling practices, and consumption among Palestinian consumers using the cross-sectional survey design. Online questionnaire was sent via social media platforms including well-known Facebook and WhatsApp groups in West bank, Gaza and Jerusalem, along with an invitation explaining the research objectives and the voluntary participation. The online questionnaire consisted of three main sections: socio demographic, knowledge and practices for hen's eggs during purchase, preparation, storage, and consumption. The items were developed based on previous literature and international guidelines for hen's eggs purchase and handling, and subjected to content validity process, followed by a pilot study to determine the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha test. The final data were analysed based on the dichotomous Rach model for knowledge and polytomous Rasch model for practices using Winsteps version 5.1.3. The Rasch SPSS output interval data files were used in the inferential analyses tests (one-way ANOVA test and independent samples t-test). The Rasch analysis showed that on average the participants had quite low level of knowledge of hen's eggs consumption safety, (person ability Mean 0.10 logit). The item difficulty measures ranged between + 1.65 (most difficult) and - 2.24 logit (easiest). It was not easy for the participants to endorse the items pertaining their practices in handling the hen's eggs during purchase, preparation, storage and consumption, (person ability Mean - 0.11 logit). The item difficulty measures ranged between + 2.68 logits (most difficult) to - 2.45 logit (easiest). In addition, female participants significantly outperformed males in knowledge scores; and the level of hen's eggs hygiene practices and storage during purchase depended on participants' knowledge level. The research recommended interventional programs to enhance Palestinians' awareness and knowledge about hen's eggs knowledge, handling practices, and consumption. Further quantitative and qualitative research studies were also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sabbah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Kamal Badrasawi
- College of Humanities and Educational Sciences, Palestine Polytechnic University, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Lubna Kharraz
- Medicine and Health Science College, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Manal Badrasawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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Thaivalappil A, Young I, Pearl DL, McWhirter JE, Papadopoulos A. "I Can Sense When My Hands Need Washing": A Qualitative Study and Thematic Analysis of Factors Affecting Young Adults' Hand Hygiene. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221129955. [PMID: 36262200 PMCID: PMC9575434 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221129955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Handwashing is one of the most effective and low-cost public health measures. However, it is often not practiced frequently enough or correctly by the public. Young adults in particular have poorer intentions to wash their hands, frequency of handwashing, and sanitizer use compared to other age groups. Therefore, there is a need to identify barriers and facilitators affecting hand hygiene within this group. The objective of this qualitative study was to apply the Theoretical Domains Framework to explore factors which influence hand hygiene among young adults aged 18 to 25 years old. An online questionnaire (n = 37) and thematic analysis were used to generate 3 overarching themes. The main findings indicated internal factors such as knowledge and intentions; interpersonal factors such as social norms; and environmental factors such as reminders, cues, accessibility, and cleanliness of handwashing facilities determined the level of hand hygiene practiced among young adults. The findings suggest that behavior change techniques such as social comparisons and tailored messaging to suit the needs of young adults may be more effective at increasing hand hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Young
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Toronto Metropolitan University, ON, Canada
| | - David L Pearl
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
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Jung YH, Park YS, Park EC, Jang SI. Association between years with incidence of communicable diseases focused on COVID-19 and hand hygiene among adults in South Korea: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1526. [PMID: 35948899 PMCID: PMC9364310 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Handwashing is important considering the impact of communicable diseases on the public. We aimed to identify the association between years with incidence of communicable diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and hand hygiene in South Korea. Methods This cross-sectional study evaluated 5 years (2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2020) of data from the Korea Community Health Survey and included 1,034,422 adults. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to assess handwashing frequency by year. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the cut-off point for handwashing frequency. Results The always/frequently handwashing rate was 44.7%. This tendency was stronger in adults with each ascending year, with reference to 2013 (2015, odds ratio [OR] = 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 1.13; 2017, OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.13; 2019, OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.14, 1.20; 2020, OR = 3.21, 95% CI = 3.14, 3.29). Among women, the OR of frequently/always handwashing was 3.55 times higher (95% CI = 3.45, 3.66) in 2020 than in 2013. This OR was 2.95 among men (95% CI = 2.86, 3.04). In influenza-vaccinated participants, the OR of frequent/always handwashing was 3.25 times higher in 2020 than in 2013 (95% CI = 3.15, 3.36), while in non-vaccinated participants it was 3.17 (95% CI = 3.08, 3.27). Among adults who practiced physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic, the OR was 1.36 times higher (95% CI = 1.29, 1.42) with frequent handwashing, 1.64 times higher (95% CI = 1.57, 1.70) than those who did not practice it. Conclusions There was a strong tendency toward frequent handwashing over the years; the trend was even greater in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that communicable diseases and handwashing are closely related, it is necessary to promote hand hygiene for prevention. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13951-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hwa Jung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shin Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Yoon K. Association among the exposure to giving knowledge, attitude and practice for handwashing in people residing in Seoul, South Korea: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053329. [PMID: 35168971 PMCID: PMC8852713 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Handwashing is known as the most preventive method for various infectious diseases. Health authorities have conducted various campaigns and public relations targeting the general population but few evaluations of these long-term interventions. This study aimed to investigate the association between experience of educational events or public relations (EXEP), attitude towards the effectiveness of handwashing (AEHW) and handwashing practice (HWP). SETTING Using a population-based cross-sectional study with a complex sample design, we explored the response outcomes of handwashing. Those outcomes were collected biennially using Community Health Survey among the years 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019. We applied multivariate logistic regression for the association among sociodemographic factors, health conditions, EXEP, AEHW and HWP. PARTICIPANTS Total participants residing in Seoul were 23 139 (men 44.2%), 23 004 (men 44.4%), 22 955 (men 44.8%) and 22 930 (men 43.9%), in 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019, respectively. RESULTS Overall, participants with EXEP are more likely to be women, aged between the 30s and 60s, and with a higher educational level. Particularly, participants with EXEP had an increased association with HWP (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.33) and AEHW (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.63). In addition, AEHW also had an increased association with HWP (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.53 to 1.81). The mediated effect of AEHW to HWP is not determined evidently. CONCLUSION The results showed that EXEP is positively associated with HWP and AEHW among community-dwelling people. Our results confirm that educational activity can lead to more pronounced behavioural changes only when it forms a positive attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeun Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
- Korea Institute of Child Care and Education, Jung-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhyun Yoon
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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Barrett C, Cheung KL. Knowledge, socio-cognitive perceptions and the practice of hand hygiene and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of UK university students. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:426. [PMID: 33648486 PMCID: PMC7919985 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing and hand hygiene have been the primary means of reducing transmission in the absence of effective treatments or vaccines, but understanding of their determinants is limited. This study aimed to investigate knowledge and socio-cognitive perceptions, and their associations with such protective behaviours, in UK university students. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey of 293 students was undertaken on 13 May 2020. Survey questions addressed demographics, knowledge of the disease and effectiveness of the protective measures, risk perception, socio-cognitive perceptions (e.g. attitude, social support, and self-efficacy), habit, time factors and trust, as well as the hand hygiene and social distancing behaviours. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the strongest associations of potential determinants with behaviour. RESULTS Participants reported high levels of social distancing with 88.9% answering "Mostly" or "Always" for every activity, but only 42.0% reporting the same for all hand hygiene activities. Knowledge of the effectiveness of each activity in preventing transmission was high, with 90.7% and 93.5% respectively identifying at least 7 of 8 hand hygiene or 9 of 10 social distancing activities correctly. Habit (β = 0.39, p = 0.001) and time factors (β = 0.28, p = 0.001) were the greatest contributors to unique variance in hand hygiene behaviour, followed by ethnicity (β = - 0.13, p = 0.014) and risk perception (β = 0.13, p = 0.016). For social distancing behaviour, the determinants were self-efficacy (β = 0.25, p < 0.001), perceived advantages (β = 0.15, p = 0.022), trust in policy (β = 0.14, p = 0.026) and gender (β = - 0.14, p = 0.016). Regression models explained 40% hand hygiene and 25% social distancing variance. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that communications about effectiveness of hand hygiene and social distancing behaviours had been effective in terms of knowledge acquisition. However, in the light of likely second waves of COVID-19, attention to maintaining social distancing behaviour and improving hand hygiene behaviour may need to address more difficult areas of changing habits, overcoming time factors and building trust, as well as interventions to increase self-efficacy and address risk perception concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Barrett
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Kei Long Cheung
- Department of Health Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
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An Investigation of the General Population's Self-Reported Hand Hygiene Behaviour and Compliance in a Cross-European Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052402. [PMID: 33804542 PMCID: PMC7967740 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Every year, thousands of people from the UK travel to other countries for work and leisure. Europe, and particularly Spain, is one of the most popular travel destinations for people from the UK. However, it is known that travel to other countries can enhance the risk of communicable disease transmission from person to person, especially when a new one emerges. Adequate hand hygiene behaviour and compliance is widely accepted as being a simple, effective method in preventing the spread of communicable diseases that may be contracted during travel abroad. There is a well-established body of work investigating hand hygiene practice and compliance in community settings, but no recent studies have examined the hand hygiene practice and compliance of the general population when travelling abroad or in a cross-European context. The findings of this study indicated that most UK members of the general population when travelling abroad have a good level of understanding of the importance of adequate hand hygiene practice and compliance and its role regarding communicable disease prevention and control. As such, self-reported levels of compliance were high. Similar findings were made for Spanish members of the general population. However, while self-reported perceptions of adequacy of hand hygiene performance were relatively high, particularly among UK respondents, this was not supported by responses specifically focused on hand hygiene behaviour. However, differences in self-reported adequacy regarding the importance of handwashing versus hand drying, the number of steps that should be followed and the length of time that should be spent washing and drying hands were found for each group. This suggests that self-reported compliance may reflect intention to practice hand hygiene rather than true compliance. It also suggests that there are gaps in knowledge regarding the adequate method of hand hygiene among the cohort as a whole, and indeed these differences may account be a factor in for the high transmission rates of communicable disease when travelling abroad.
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Assessment of knowledge and attitude of social handwashing in Turkey population during COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.745349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Analysis of Gender-Dependent Personal Protective Behaviors in a National Sample: Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165770. [PMID: 32785004 PMCID: PMC7459707 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During the coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the basic strategy that is recommended to reduce the spread of the disease is to practice proper hand hygiene and personal protective behaviors, but among adolescents, low adherence is common. The present study aimed to assess the gender-dependent hand hygiene and personal protective behaviors in a national sample of Polish adolescents. The Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study was conducted in a group of 2323 secondary school students (814 males, 1509 females). Schools were chosen based on the random quota sampling procedure. The participants were surveyed to assess their knowledge and beliefs associated with hand hygiene and personal protection, as well as their actual behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The majority of respondents gave proper answers when asked about their knowledge. However, females displayed a higher level of knowledge (p < 0.05). Most of the respondents declared not leaving home, handwashing, using alcohol-based hand rub, avoiding contact with those who may be sick, and avoiding public places as their personal protective behaviors. They declared using face masks and gloves after the legal regulation requiring people to cover their nose and mouth in public places was enacted in Poland. Regarding the use of face masks and not touching the face, no gender-dependent differences were observed, while for all the other behaviors, females declared more adherence than males (p < 0.05). Females also declared a higher daily frequency of handwashing (p < 0.0001) and washing their hands always when necessary more often than males (68.2% vs. 54.1%; p < 0.0001). Males more often indicated various reasons for not handwashing, including that there is no need to do it, they do not feel like doing it, they have no time to do it, or they forget about it (p < 0.0001), while females pointed out side effects (e.g., skin problems) as the reason (p = 0.0278). Females more often declared handwashing in circumstances associated with socializing, being exposed to contact with other people and health (p < 0.05), and declared always including the recommended steps in their handwashing procedure (p < 0.05). The results showed that female secondary school students exhibited a higher level of knowledge on hand hygiene and personal protection, as well as better behaviors, compared to males. However, irrespective of gender, some false beliefs and improper behaviors were observed, which suggests that education is necessary, especially in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Wolf J, Johnston R, Freeman MC, Ram PK, Slaymaker T, Laurenz E, Prüss-Ustün A. Handwashing with soap after potential faecal contact: global, regional and country estimates. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1204-1218. [PMID: 30535198 PMCID: PMC6693803 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limited data have been available on the global practice of handwashing with soap (HWWS). To better appreciate global HWWS frequency, which plays a role in disease transmission, our objectives were to: (i) quantify the presence of designated handwashing facilities; (ii) assess the association between handwashing facility presence and observed HWWS; and (iii) derive country, regional and global HWWS estimates after potential faecal contact. Methods First, using data from national surveys, we applied multilevel linear modelling to estimate national handwashing facility presence. Second, using multilevel Poisson modelling on datasets including both handwashing facility presence and observed HWWS after potential faecal contact, we estimated HWWS prevalence conditional on handwashing facility presence by region. For high-income countries, we used meta-analysis to pool handwashing prevalence of studies identified through a systematic review. Third, from the modelled handwashing facility presence and estimated HWWS prevalence conditional on the presence of a handwashing facility, we estimated handwashing practice at country, regional and global levels. Results First, approximately one in four persons did not have a designated handwashing facility in 2015, based on 115 data points for 77 countries. Second the prevalence ratio between HWWS when a designated facility was present compared with when it was absent was 1.99 (1.66, 2.39) P <0.001 for low- and middle-income countries, based on nine datasets. Third, we estimate that in 2015, 26.2% (23.1%, 29.6%) of potential faecal contacts were followed by HWWS. Conclusions Many people lack a designated handwashing facility, but even among those with access, HWWS is poorly practised. People with access to designated handwashing facilities are about twice as likely to wash their hands with soap after potential faecal contact as people who lack a facility. Estimates are based on limited data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennyfer Wolf
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard Johnston
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew C Freeman
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pavani K Ram
- School of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Tom Slaymaker
- Division of Data, Research and Policy, UNICEF, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Eric Laurenz
- Fraunhofer ISE, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Prüss-Ustün
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Park B, Cho HN, Choi E, Seo DH, Kim S, Park YR, Choi KS, Rhee Y. Self-perceptions of body weight status according to age-groups among Korean women: A nationwide population-based survey. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210486. [PMID: 30653596 PMCID: PMC6336301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While numerous studies have investigated body image, including body weight perception, most of which have focused on adolescents or young women, few studies have attempted to evaluate body weight perceptions in adult women according to age groups. This study was conducted to investigate the accuracy of self-perceived weight and actual body mass index (BMI) values among adult Korean women according to age. We used data from the 2016 Korean Study of Women's Health Related Issues, a population-based, nationwide, cross-sectional survey. BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height. Participants were asked to describe their body image by choosing one of the following descriptions: very underweight, underweight, about right, overweight, or obese. The proportions of women aged 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and 70-79 years who underestimated their body weight relative to their actual BMI category were 12.6%, 15.1%, 22.2%, 34.0%, 45.6%, and 50.7%, respectively; those who overestimated their body weight comprised 18.7%, 17.8%, 14.3%, 10.8%, and 7.4%. In all BMI categories, the proportion of those who overestimated their weight status increased as age decreased, while those who underestimated their weight status increased as age increased. After adjusting for possible covariates, age was strongly associated with both underestimation and overestimation. The odds ratio for underestimating one's weight status among women aged 70-79 yeas was 2.96 (95% CI: 2.10-4.18), and that for overestimation was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.35-0.79), compared to women aged 20-29 years. Age is the most important factor associated with weight perceptions among Korean women, affecting both underestimation and overestimation of weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Park
- Department of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Na Cho
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Choi
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hea Seo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Kim
- College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Ran Park
- Department of Silver Industry, Kangnam University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kui Son Choi
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (KSC); (YR)
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (KSC); (YR)
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Abstract
Hand hygiene is a basic but effective strategy against infectious disease. This study investigated an ecological association between hand hygiene and tuberculosis (TB) risk in Korea. Hand hygiene data were obtained from the 2015 Community Health Survey. Information on TB incidence and mortality in 2015 were obtained from the National Infectious Diseases Surveillance System and death monitoring database, respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, frequent hand washing rates after using the restroom (B = -0.78, P = .037), after returning from the outdoors (B = -0.28, P = .049), and with soap or hand sanitizer (B = -0.54, P = .018) were negatively associated with TB incidence. TB mortality were associated with frequent hand washing rates after returning from the outdoors (B = -0.05, P = .035), and with soap or hand sanitizer (B = -0.10, P = .010), respectively. Hand washing was associated with lower TB incidence and mortality at the community level. These results could contribute to develop community-based health promotion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ah Han
- 1 College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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ALBashtawy M. Assessment of hand-washing habits among school students aged 6–18 years in Jordan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.12968/bjsn.2017.12.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Whiley H, Clarke B, Ross K. Knowledge and Attitudes towards Handling Eggs in the Home: An Unexplored Food Safety Issue? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E48. [PMID: 28067811 PMCID: PMC5295299 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne illness is a global public health issue, with food handling in the home identified as an underestimated source. In Australia, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of salmonellosis with the majority of outbreaks linked to eggs. This study investigated Australian eggs consumer attitudes, behaviours and risk perceptions associated with the handling of raw eggs in the home. It was identified that 67% of participants chose free range eggs, 11% kept poultry, 7% did not have any preference, 7% cage eggs, 4% barn eggs, 2% organic eggs and 1% pasteurized eggs. The majority of participants (91%) reported they stored eggs in the fridge. It was identified that there is an underestimation of "risky behaviour" associated with the consumption of raw eggs in the home, as 84% of participants indicated that they did not consume raw eggs, but subsequently 86% indicated that they had eaten mixture/batter containing raw eggs. Participants' responses relating to food safety were also examined in relation to their profession and gender. Safer food handling practices were identified by Environmental Health Officers (EHO) and Food handlers compared to all other professions (p < 0.05). However, the gender of participants did not significantly affect (p > 0.05) their responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Whiley
- Environmental Health, School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
| | - Beverley Clarke
- Geography, School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
| | - Kirstin Ross
- Environmental Health, School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
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Ipek Coban G, Bilgin S. Development of the scale of hygıene behavıors for nursıng students. BMC Med Res Methodol 2015; 15:69. [PMID: 26294066 PMCID: PMC4546221 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-015-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to have an appropriate instrument to measure the hygiene behaviors for nursing students. This study was carried out to develop a Hygiene Behavior Scale (HBS). METHODS The population of the study is composed of the students of students of nursing department. A total of 416 participants were included in this study. The students in the sampling group were asked to write a composition containing their feelings and thoughts about hygiene. These compositions were analysed and 87 items about positive and negative behaviors were determined. These items were presented to expert opinion and after necessary editions, reliability and validity analyses were conducted. RESULTS The resulting HBS consists of 25 items across the following three domains: Personal hygiene, handwashing technique and food-related hygiene . The final model in confirmatory factor analysis showed that this 25-item HBS indicated a good fit of the model. The value of the Cronbach's a for the total scale was 0.90. CONCLUSIONS The HBS is determined to be quite highly valid and reliable, sufficient measuring instrument to determine hygiene behaviors of nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Ipek Coban
- Department of Fundamentals of Nursing, Ataturk University Faculty of Health Science, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Sonay Bilgin
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Ataturk University Faculty of Health Science, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
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15
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Tüzün H, Karakaya K, Deniz EB. Turkey Handwashing Survey: suggestion for taking the ecological model into better consideration. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 20:325-31. [PMID: 26002374 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-015-0470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to find out the handwashing habits and their relations to the socio-economic variables. METHODS The sampling is determined regarding the address-based population registration system of the country. The multi-staged stratified cluster sampling method was used. It is conducted by a face to face questionnaire with 6854 persons. 22 questions are asked whether they are washing their hands or not related to different situations, the results are graded and the "Handwashing Habits Score" (HHS) is obtained. The reasons for not handwashing were evaluated by categorizing as individual, environmental and combined reasons. RESULTS The HHS is increasing in the older age groups (β = 0.148, p < 0.001), females (β = 0.306, p < 0.001), citizens of urban settlement (β = 0.061, p < 0.001), higher education levels (β = 0.191, p < 0.001). The reasons for not handwashing were found as 53.3 % individual, 39.2 % environmental, 7.5 % combined. The frequency of mentioning not washing hands because of the environmental reasons is getting higher in the older age groups, in the urban side, and in the higher education level (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The handwashing habits are shaped by the determinant networks which form a complex structure by intertwining individual, socio-economic and environmental factors in different sub-groups with various weights. This result might contribute to the efforts of conceptualizing the health behaviors with ecological model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Tüzün
- Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health Promotion, Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu K Blok. Sıhhiye, 06410, Ankara, Turkey,
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16
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Abstract
The phenomenon of consistent male dominance in typhoid ileal perforation (TIP) is not well understood. It cannot be explained on the basis of microbial virulence, Peyer’s patch anatomy, ileal wall thickness, gastric acidity, host genetic factors, or sex-linked bias in hospital attendance. The cytokine response to an intestinal infection in males is predominantly proinflammatory as compared with that in females, presumably due to differences in the sex hormonal milieu. Sex hormone receptors have been detected on lymphocytes and macrophages, including on Peyer’s patches, inflammation of which (probably similar to the Shwartzman reaction/Koch phenomenon) is the forerunner of TIP, and is not excluded from the regulatory effects of sex hormones. Hormonal control of host-pathogen interaction may override genetic control. Environmental exposure to Salmonella typhi may be more frequent in males, presumably due to sex-linked differences in hygiene practices and dining-out behavior. A plausible explanation of male dominance in TIP could include sex-linked differences in the degree of natural exposure of Peyer’s patches to S. typhi. An alternative explanation may include sexual dimorphism in host inflammatory response patterns in Peyer’s patches that have been induced by S. typhi. Both hypotheses are testable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khan
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chichiri, Blantyre, Malawi
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17
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The Korean Nurses Association in New England. Am J Nurs 2012; 112:59-63. [PMID: 22832464 DOI: 10.1097/01.naj.0000418104.92305.5f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Forging new ground for minority nurses in the community.
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18
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Park B, Lee YK, Cho LY, Go UY, Yang JJ, Ma SH, Choi BY, Lee MS, Lee JS, Choi EH, Lee HJ, Park SK. Estimation of nationwide vaccination coverage and comparison of interview and telephone survey methodology for estimating vaccination status. J Korean Med Sci 2011; 26:711-9. [PMID: 21655054 PMCID: PMC3102862 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.6.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared interview and telephone surveys to select the better method for regularly estimating nationwide vaccination coverage rates in Korea. Interview surveys using multi-stage cluster sampling and telephone surveys using stratified random sampling were conducted. Nationwide coverage rates were estimated in subjects with vaccination cards in the interview survey. The interview survey relative to the telephone survey showed a higher response rate, lower missing rate, higher validity and a less difference in vaccination coverage rates between card owners and non-owners. Primary vaccination coverage rate was greater than 90% except for the fourth dose of DTaP (diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis), the third dose of polio, and the third dose of Japanese B encephalitis (JBE). The DTaP4: Polio3: MMR1 fully vaccination rate was 62.0% and BCG1:HepB3:DTaP4:Polio3:MMR1 was 59.5%. For age-appropriate vaccination, the coverage rate was 50%-80%. We concluded that the interview survey was better than the telephone survey. These results can be applied to countries with incomplete registry and decreasing rates of landline telephone coverage due to increased cell phone usage and countries. Among mandatory vaccines, efforts to increase vaccination rate for the fourth dose of DTaP, the third dose of polio, JBE and regular vaccinations at recommended periods should be conducted in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyoung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyeng Lee
- Division of VPD Control and NIP, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Lisa Y. Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Un Yeong Go
- Division of VPD Control and NIP, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Jae Jeong Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Youl Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo-Sik Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoan Jong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Stevenson RJ, Case TI, Hodgson D, Porzig-Drummond R, Barouei J, Oaten MJ. A scale for measuring hygiene behavior: development, reliability and validity. Am J Infect Control 2009; 37:557-64. [PMID: 19362392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no general self-report measure for assessing hygiene behavior. This article details the development and testing of such a measure. METHODS In studies 1 to 4, a total of 855 participants were used for scale and subscale development and for reliability and validity testing. The latter involved establishing the relationships between self-reported hygiene behavior and existing measures, hand hygiene behavior, illness rates, and a physiological marker of immune function. In study 5, a total of 507 participants were used to assess the psychometric properties of the final revised version of the scale. RESULTS The final 23-item scale comprised 5 subscales: general, household, food-related, handwashing technique, and personal hygiene. Studies 1 to 4 confirmed the scale's reliability and validity, and study 5 confirmed the scale's 5-factor structure. CONCLUSIONS The scale is potentially suitable for multiple uses, in various settings, and for experimental and correlational approaches.
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20
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Shin DW, Jung KT, Kim S, Bae JM, Kim YW, Ryu KW, Lee JH, Noh JH, Sohn TS, Yun YH. Impact of supplementary private health insurance on stomach cancer care in Korea: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2009; 9:133. [PMID: 19643032 PMCID: PMC2726135 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-9-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korea achieved universal health insurance coverage in only 12 years; however, insufficient government funding has resulted in high out-of-pocket payments and, in turn, a demand for supplementary private health insurance (PHI). Supplementary PHI provides a fixed amount of benefits in the event of critical illness (e.g., cancer or stroke), surgery, or hospitalization. In this study, we tried to identify factors that influence the decision to purchase supplementary PHI and investigate the impacts of PHI on various aspects of cancer care. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 391 patients with gastric cancer, we collected data on demographic and clinical variables, coverage by PHI at the time of diagnosis, and patients' cancer care experiences from surgery databases and patient questionnaires. Two separate multivariate logistic regression models were used 1) to determine whether various sociodemographic and clinical variables influence the purchase of supplementary PHI, and 2) to determine if there is a difference in various outcome measures between individuals with and without PHI. RESULTS We studied 187 subjects (49.6%) who were covered under PHI at the time of diagnosis. Subjects who purchased PHI tended to be younger (aOR = 5.01, 95% C.I. = 2.05 - 12.24), and more educated (aOR = 2.67, 95% C.I. = 1.04 - 6.86). Supplementary PHI coverage was significantly associated with financial independence (aOR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.19 - 3.61), but not with other aspects of cancer care, such as access to healthcare, quality of care, communication and patient autonomy. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that supplementary PHI neither serves as a safety net for vulnerable patients nor improves cancer care experience, except for maintaining the financial independence of beneficiaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Shin
- National Cancer Control Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Kee-Taig Jung
- Department of Health Services Management, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Moon Bae
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Woo Kim
- National Cancer Control Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Keun Won Ryu
- National Cancer Control Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- National Cancer Control Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Noh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Sohn
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Yun
- National Cancer Control Research Institute & Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Korea
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21
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Kwun JW, Lee CH. Trends of Recent Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks in Korea. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2007. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2007.50.7.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Wuk Kwun
- Communicable Disease Control Team, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ,
| | - Cheol Heon Lee
- Communicable Disease Control Team, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ,
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