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Peyre-Costa D, Stjernbrandt A, Wahlström J, Ikäheimo TM, Höper AC. Self-reported exposure to dust and diesel exhaust, respiratory symptoms, and use of respiratory protective equipment among Arctic miners. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2343125. [PMID: 38626426 PMCID: PMC11022915 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2343125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Arctic miners face significant risks from diesel exhaust and dust exposure, potentially leading to adverse respiratory health. Employers must limit harmful exposures, using personal protective equipment (PPE) as a last line of defense. This study explored the association between reported respiratory exposure and symptoms, and PPE training and usage. Data from the MineHealth study (2012-2014) included a total of 453 Arctic open pit miners in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. Participants answered questions on exposure to dust and diesel exhaust, respiratory symptoms, and PPE use, in addition to age, gender, BMI, smoking, and self-rated health. Estimated exposure to dust was common, reported by 91%, 80%, and 82% and that of diesel exhaust by 84%, 43%, and 47% of workers in Sweden, Finland, and Norway, respectively. Reported dust exposure was significantly related to respiratory symptoms (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.7), diesel exposure increased the occurrence of wheezing (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.4). PPE use varied between the studied mines. Non-use was common and related to reduced visibility, wetness, skin irritation and fogging of the respiratory PPE. Future research should employ more precise exposure assessment, respiratory function as well as explore the reasons behind the non-compliance of PPE use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peyre-Costa
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Albin Stjernbrandt
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jens Wahlström
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tiina Maria Ikäheimo
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anje Christina Höper
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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2
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Park JB, Kang P, Ji SH, Jang YE, Lee JH, Kim JT, Kim HS, Kim EH. Atmospheric particulate matter and hypoxaemia in Korean children receiving general anaesthesia: A retrospective analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2024; 41:641-648. [PMID: 38884417 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000002027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between the concentration of atmospheric particulate matter on the day of surgery and the occurrence of intra-operative hypoxaemia in children receiving general anaesthesia is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the exposure to particulate matter on the day of surgery and the occurrence of intra-operative hypoxaemia, defined as a pulse oximetry oxygen saturation of less than 90% for more than 1 min, in children. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Single-centre. PARTICIPANTS Children aged 18 years or younger who received general anaesthesia between January 2019 and October 2020. INTERVENTION Information on daily levels of particulate matter with a diameter 10 μm or less and 2.5 μm or less measured within a neighbourhood corresponding to the area defined by the hospital's zip code was obtained from publicly available air-quality data. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was intra-operative hypoxaemia, defined as a pulse oximetry oxygen saturation of less than 90% lasting for more than 1 min, manually verified by anaesthesiologists using vital sign registry data extracted at 2 s intervals. RESULTS Of the patients finally analysed, 3.85% (489/13 175) experienced intra-operative hypoxaemia. Higher levels of particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (≥81 μg m -3 , 17/275, 6.2%) were associated with an increased occurrence of intra-operative hypoxaemia compared with lower particulate matter concentrations [<81 μg m -3 , 472/12 900, 3.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 2.83; P = 0.035]. CONCLUSION The level of particulate matter on the day of surgery pose a risk of intra-operative hypoxaemia in children receiving general anaesthesia. If the concentrations of particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter on the day of surgery are high, children receiving general anaesthesia should be managed with increased caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Bin Park
- From the Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (J-BP, PK, S-HJ, Y-EJ, J-HL, J-TK, H-SK, E-HK)
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3
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Bralewska K, Bralewski A, Wolny P, Chiliński B. Size-resolved particulate matter inside selected fire stations and preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of washing machines in reducing its concentrations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18137. [PMID: 39103537 PMCID: PMC11300438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine and compare the mass concentration and size distribution of particulate matter (PM) at two Polish fire stations, one equipped with a washing machine intended for the decontamination of uniforms (FSN) and the other not equipped with this type of device (FSC), to assess the effectiveness of washing machines in reducing PM concentrations inside fire stations and estimate PM doses inhaled by firefighters while performing activities in truck bays and changing rooms during one work shift. The average PM concentrations at the FSN were 18.2-28.9 µg/m3 and 27.5-37.3 µg/m3, while at FSC they were 27.4-37.9 µg/m3 and 24.6-32.8 µg/m3 in the truck bays and changing rooms, respectively. At each measurement point, most of the PM mass (65-75%) was accumulated as fine particles. The dominance of fine particles in the total mass of PM results in high values of PM deposition coefficients (0.59-0.61) in three sections of the respiratory tract at each monitoring site. This study initially indicates the effectiveness of washing machines in reducing the concentration of fine particles and demonstrates the necessity, as well as directions for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Piotr Wolny
- Fire University, 52/54 Słowackiego St., 01-629, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Meldrum K, Evans SJ, Burgum MJ, Doak SH, Clift MJD. Determining the toxicological effects of indoor air pollution on both a healthy and an inflammatory-comprised model of the alveolar epithelial barrier in vitro. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:25. [PMID: 38760786 PMCID: PMC11100169 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to indoor air pollutants (IAP) has increased recently, with people spending more time indoors (i.e. homes, offices, schools and transportation). Increased exposures of IAP on a healthy population are poorly understood, and those with allergic respiratory conditions even less so. The objective of this study, therefore, was to implement a well-characterised in vitro model of the human alveolar epithelial barrier (A549 + PMA differentiated THP-1 incubated with and without IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4) to determine the effects of a standardised indoor particulate (NIST 2583) on both a healthy lung model and one modelling a type-II (stimulated with IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4) inflammatory response (such as asthma).Using concentrations from the literature, and an environmentally appropriate exposure we investigated 232, 464 and 608ng/cm2 of NIST 2583 respectively. Membrane integrity (blue dextran), viability (trypan blue), genotoxicity (micronucleus (Mn) assay) and (pro-)/(anti-)inflammatory effects (IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, IL-10) were then assessed 24 h post exposure to both models. Models were exposed using a physiologically relevant aerosolisation method (VitroCell Cloud 12 exposure system).No changes in Mn frequency or membrane integrity in either model were noted when exposed to any of the tested concentrations of NIST 2583. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in cell viability at the highest concentration was observed in the healthy model. Whilst cell viability in the "inflamed" model was decreased at the lower concentrations (significantly (p < 0.05) after 464ng/cm2). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-10 and a significant increase in IL-33 was seen after 24 h exposure to NIST 2583 (464, 608ng/cm2) in the "inflamed" model.Collectively, the results indicate the potential for IAP to cause the onset of a type II response as well as exacerbating pre-existing allergic conditions. Furthermore, the data imposes the importance of considering unhealthy individuals when investigating the potential health effects of IAP. It also highlights that even in a healthy population these particles have the potential to induce this type II response and initiate an immune response following exposure to IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Meldrum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Stephen J Evans
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Michael J Burgum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
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5
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Javdani-Mallak A, Salahshoori I. Environmental pollutants and exosomes: A new paradigm in environmental health and disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171774. [PMID: 38508246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the intricate interplay between environmental pollutants and exosomes, shedding light on a novel paradigm in environmental health and disease. Cellular stress, induced by environmental toxicants or disease, significantly impacts the production and composition of exosomes, crucial mediators of intercellular communication. The heat shock response (HSR) and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, activated during cellular stress, profoundly influence exosome generation, cargo sorting, and function, shaping intercellular communication and stress responses. Environmental pollutants, particularly lipophilic ones, directly interact with exosome lipid bilayers, potentially affecting membrane stability, release, and cellular uptake. The study reveals that exposure to environmental contaminants induces significant changes in exosomal proteins, miRNAs, and lipids, impacting cellular function and health. Understanding the impact of environmental pollutants on exosomal cargo holds promise for biomarkers of exposure, enabling non-invasive sample collection and real-time insights into ongoing cellular responses. This research explores the potential of exosomal biomarkers for early detection of health effects, assessing treatment efficacy, and population-wide screening. Overcoming challenges requires advanced isolation techniques, standardized protocols, and machine learning for data analysis. Integration with omics technologies enhances comprehensive molecular analysis, offering a holistic understanding of the complex regulatory network influenced by environmental pollutants. The study underscores the capability of exosomes in circulation as promising biomarkers for assessing environmental exposure and systemic health effects, contributing to advancements in environmental health research and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Javdani-Mallak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Salahshoori
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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England E, Morris JW, Bussy C, Hancox JC, Shiels HA. The key characteristics of cardiotoxicity for the pervasive pollutant phenanthrene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133853. [PMID: 38503207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The key characteristic (KCs) framework has been used previously to assess the carcinogenicity and cardiotoxicity of various chemical and pharmacological agents. Here, the 12 KCs of cardiotoxicity are used to evaluate the previously reported cardiotoxicity of phenanthrene (Phe), a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and major component of fossil fuel-derived air pollution. Phe is a semi-volatile pollutant existing in both the gas phase and particle phase through adsorption onto or into particulate matter (PM). Phe can translocate across the airways and gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation, enabling body-wide effects. Our evaluation based on a comprehensive literature review, indicates Phe exhibits 11 of the 12 KCs for cardiotoxicity. These include adverse effects on cardiac electromechanical performance, the vasculature and endothelium, immunomodulation and oxidative stress, and neuronal and endocrine control. Environmental agents that have similarly damaging effects on the cardiovascular system are heavily regulated and monitored, yet globally there is no air quality regulation specific for PAHs like Phe. Environmental monitoring of Phe is not the international standard with benzo[a]pyrene being frequently used as a proxy despite the two PAH species exhibiting significant differences in sources, concentration variations and toxic effects. The evidence summarised in this evaluation highlights the need to move away from proxied PAH measurements and develop a monitoring network capable of measuring Phe concentration. It also stresses the need to raise awareness amongst the medical community of the potential cardiovascular impact of PAH exposure. This will allow the production of mitigation strategies and possibly the development of new policies for the protection of the societal groups most vulnerable to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E England
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - J W Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - C Bussy
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection, and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - J C Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - H A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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7
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Stem AD, Gibb M, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Johnson RJ, Brown JM. Health burden of sugarcane burning on agricultural workers and nearby communities. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:327-342. [PMID: 38349733 PMCID: PMC11260540 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2316875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane is the most widely cultivated crop in the world, with equatorial developing nations performing most of this agriculture. Burning sugarcane is a common practice to facilitate harvest, producing extremely high volumes of respirable particulate matter in the process. These emissions are known to have deleterious effects on agricultural workers and nearby communities, but the extent of this exposure and potential toxicity remain poorly characterized. As the epidemicof chronic kidney disease of an unknown etiology (CKDu) and its associated mortality continue to increase along with respiratory distress, there is an urgent need to investigate the causes, determine viable interventions to mitigate disease andimprove outcomes for groups experiencing disproportionate impact. The goal of this review is to establish the state of available literature, summarize what is known in terms of human health risk, and provide recommendations for what areas should be prioritized in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D. Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Matthew Gibb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Carlos A. Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension,University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Richard J. Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension,University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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8
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Galli TT, de Campos EC, do Nascimento Camargo L, Fukuzaki S, Dos Santos TM, Hamaguchi SSS, Bezerra SKM, Silva FJA, Rezende BG, Dos Santos Lopes FTQ, Olivo CR, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Prado CM, Leick EA, Bourotte CLM, Benseñor IJM, Lotufo PA, Righetti RF, Tibério IFLC. Effects of environmental exposure to iron powder on healthy and elastase-exposed mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9134. [PMID: 38644380 PMCID: PMC11033283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to iron powder and other mineral dusts can threaten the health of individuals, especially those with COPD. The goal of this study was to determine how environmental exposure to metal dust from two different mining centers in Brazil affects lung mechanics, inflammation, remodeling and oxidative stress responses in healthy and elastase-exposed mice. This study divided 72 male C57Bl/6 mice into two groups, the summer group and the winter group. These groups were further divided into six groups: control, nonexposed (SAL); nonexposed, given elastase (ELA); exposed to metal powder at a mining company (SAL-L1 and ELA-L1); and exposed to a location three miles away from the mining company (SAL-L2 and ELA-L2) for four weeks. On the 29th day of the protocol, the researchers assessed lung mechanics, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inflammation, remodeling, oxidative stress, macrophage iron and alveolar wall alterations (mean linear intercept-Lm). The Lm was increased in the ELA, ELA-L1 and ELA-L2 groups compared to the SAL group (p < 0.05). There was an increase in the total number of cells and macrophages in the ELA-L1 and ELA-L2 groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the ELA and SAL groups, the exposed groups (ELA-L1, ELA-L2, SAL-L1, and SAL-L2) exhibited increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, neutrophil elastase, TIMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-12, TGF-β, collagen fibers, MUC5AC, iNOS, Gp91phox, NFkB and iron positive macrophages (p < 0.05). Although we did not find differences in lung mechanics across all groups, there were low to moderate correlations between inflammation remodeling, oxidative stress and NFkB with elastance, resistance of lung tissue and iron positive macrophages (p < 0.05). Environmental exposure to iron, confirmed by evaluation of iron in alveolar macrophages and in air, exacerbated inflammation, initiated remodeling, and induced oxidative stress responses in exposed mice with and without emphysema. Activation of the iNOS, Gp91phox and NFkB pathways play a role in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903 - Laboratory LIM20, Brazil.
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Shah D, Dave B, Chorawala MR, Prajapati BG, Singh S, M. Elossaily G, Ansari MN, Ali N. An Insight on Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models for PM 2.5-Induced Pulmonary Complications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13534-13555. [PMID: 38559954 PMCID: PMC10976395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer pose a significant burden to global human health. Many of these complications arise as a result of exposure to particulate matter (PM), which has been examined in several preclinical and clinical trials for its effect on several respiratory diseases. Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) has been known to inflict unforeseen repercussions, although data from epidemiological studies to back this are pending. Conventionally utilized two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and preclinical animal models have provided insufficient benefits in emulating the in vivo physiological and pathological pulmonary conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) structural models, including organ-on-a-chip models, have experienced a developmental upsurge in recent times. Lung-on-a-chip models have the potential to simulate the specific features of the lungs. With the advancement of technology, an emerging and advanced technique termed microfluidic organ-on-a-chip has been developed with the aim of identifying the complexity of the respiratory cellular microenvironment of the body. In the present Review, the role of lung-on-a-chip modeling in reproducing pulmonary complications has been explored, with a specific emphasis on PM2.5-induced pulmonary complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Shah
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Bhavarth Dave
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Mehul R. Chorawala
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L.
M. College of Pharmacy Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380009, India
| | - Bhupendra G. Prajapati
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research,
Ganpat University, Mehsana, Gujarat 384012, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Office
of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Gehan M. Elossaily
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Nazam Ansari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kim DY, Kim IA, Jang BS. The Impact of PM 2.5 on Radiation-induced Pneumonitis in Patients With Breast Cancer. In Vivo 2024; 38:928-934. [PMID: 38418158 PMCID: PMC10905480 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution is known to adversely affect respiratory disease, but no study has examined its effect on radiation-induced pneumonitis (RIP) in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of 2,736 patients with breast cancer who received postoperative radiation therapy (RT) between 2017 and 2020 in a single institution. The distance between the PM measurement station and our institution was only 3.43 km. PM data, including PM2.5 and PM10, were retrieved from the open dataset in the official government database. RESULTS Overall incidence rate of RIP was 1.74%. After adjusting for age, RT technique, regional irradiation, fractionation and boost, the average value of PM2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of RIP (p=0.047) when patients received ≥20 fractions of RT. Specifically, PM2.5 ≥35 (μg/m3) showed a significantly higher risk of RIP (p=0.019) in patients with ≥20 fractions of RT. CONCLUSION This is the first study to reveal the association between PM2.5 and RIP in patients with breast cancer who received 20 fractions or more of postoperative RT. We demonstrated that high PM2.5 levels around the RT institution were associated with RIP, suggesting that reducing PM air pollution may be a modifiable risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ah Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum-Sup Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Chen XF, Deng JM. The influence of novel coronavirus pneumonia on chronic disease management of asthma-a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:1590-1600. [PMID: 38505017 PMCID: PMC10944750 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a huge global toll on all fronts, creating new challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. For chronic management of asthma, on the one hand, the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may affect the asthma disease itself; on the other hand, in order to control the spread of the pandemic, forced isolation, mask-wearing and various disinfection measures also have an impact on the condition and medication of asthma patients. This article reviews the changes in chronic asthma management under the COVID-19 pandemic to provide reference for chronic disease management of asthma after the pandemic and for various public health emergencies in the future. Methods Online searching of literature was performed. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE were searched. Key Content and Findings COVID-19 has had a huge impact on the world, and has also brought new challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of asthma and chronic disease management. On the one hand, the existence of the 2019 novel coronavirus directly affects the asthma disease itself, on the other hand, due to the particularity of the asthma disease itself, different levels of isolation and controls can cause patients with different degrees of medical difficulties; in addition, the application of various disinfectants in the environment also increases the risk of acute attacks of asthma patients, as well as mask-wearing, vaccination, anxiety about the disease, panic, etc., all of which have posed various degrees of impact on the condition and psychology of asthma patients. Conclusions The pandemic of COVID-19 has brought many difficulties to the chronic disease management of asthma, and has had a certain impact on the disease control of asthma patients. In the era with overflowing information, internet hospital is the current trend, and there is a long way to go for effectively penetrating medical resources virtually via the internet into chronic disease management of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Fen Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Geriatrics Respiratory Medicine Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing-Min Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Gavito-Covarrubias D, Ramírez-Díaz I, Guzmán-Linares J, Limón ID, Manuel-Sánchez DM, Molina-Herrera A, Coral-García MÁ, Anastasio E, Anaya-Hernández A, López-Salazar P, Juárez-Díaz G, Martínez-Juárez J, Torres-Jácome J, Albarado-Ibáñez A, Martínez-Laguna Y, Morán C, Rubio K. Epigenetic mechanisms of particulate matter exposure: air pollution and hazards on human health. Front Genet 2024; 14:1306600. [PMID: 38299096 PMCID: PMC10829887 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1306600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution nowadays has not only a direct correlation with human health changes but a direct social impact. Epidemiological studies have evidenced the increased damage to human health on a daily basis because of damage to the ecological niche. Rapid urban growth and industrialized societies importantly compromise air quality, which can be assessed by a notable accumulation of air pollutants in both the gas and the particle phases. Of them, particulate matter (PM) represents a highly complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds of the most variable size, composition, and origin. PM being one of the most complex environmental pollutants, its accumulation also varies in a temporal and spatial manner, which challenges current analytical techniques used to investigate PM interactions. Nevertheless, the characterization of the chemical composition of PM is a reliable indicator of the composition of the atmosphere, the quality of breathed air in urbanized societies, industrial zones and consequently gives support for pertinent measures to avoid serious health damage. Epigenomic damage is one of the most promising biological mechanisms of air pollution-derived carcinogenesis. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the implication of PM exposure in diverse molecular mechanisms driving human diseases by altered epigenetic regulation. The presented findings in the context of pan-organic cancer, fibrosis, neurodegeneration and metabolic diseases may provide valuable insights into the toxicity effects of PM components at the epigenomic level and may serve as biomarkers of early detection for novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulcemaría Gavito-Covarrubias
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ivonne Ramírez-Díaz
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Josué Guzmán-Linares
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Dulce María Manuel-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Molina-Herrera
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Coral-García
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Estela Anastasio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Arely Anaya-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Genética y Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Primavera López-Salazar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Juárez-Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Javier Martínez-Juárez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Dispositivos Semiconductores (CIDS), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julián Torres-Jácome
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alondra Albarado-Ibáñez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Carolina Morán
- Centro de Investigación en Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Karla Rubio
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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13
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Valerian Corda J, Shenoy BS, Ahmad KA, Lewis L, K P, Rao A, Zuber M. Comparison of microparticle transport and deposition in nasal cavity of three different age groups. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:44-56. [PMID: 38343121 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2312801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Objective: The nasal cavity effectively captures the particles present in inhaled air, thereby preventing harmful and toxic pollutants from reaching the lungs. This filtering ability of the nasal cavity can be effectively utilized for targeted nasal drug delivery applications. This study aims to understand the particle deposition patterns in three age groups: neonate, infant, and adult.Materials and methods: The CT scans are built using MIMICS 21.0, followed by CATIA V6 to generate a patient-specific airway model. Fluid flow is simulated using ANSYS FLUENT 2021 R2. Spherical monodisperse microparticles ranging from 2 to 60 µm and a density of 1100 kg/m3 are simulated at steady-state and sedentary inspiration conditions.Results: The highest nasal valve depositions for the neonate are 25% for 20 µm, for infants, 10% for 50 µm, 15% for adults, and 15% for 15 µm. At mid nasal region, deposition of 15% for 20 µm is observed for infant and 8% for neonate and adult nasal cavities at a particle size of 10 and 20 µm, respectively. The highest particle deposition at the olfactory region is about 2.7% for the adult nasal cavity for 20 µm, and it is <1% for neonate and infant nasal cavities.Discussion and conclusions: The study of preferred nasal depositions during natural sedentary breathing conditions is utilized to determine the size that allows medication particles to be targeted to specific nose regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Valerian Corda
- Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - B Satish Shenoy
- Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamarul Arifin Ahmad
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Leslie Lewis
- Department of Paediatrics, Kasturba Medical College & Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakashini K
- Department of Radio Diagnosis, Kasturba Medical College & Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Anoop Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Zuber
- Department of Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal-576104, Karnataka, India
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14
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Krakauer KN, Cevallos PC, Amakiri UO, Saldana GM, Lipman KJ, Howell LK, Wan DC, Khosla RK, Nazerali R, Sheckter CC. US air pollution is associated with increased incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip/palate. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2024; 88:344-351. [PMID: 38064913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Maternal cigarette use is associated with the fetal development of orofacial clefts. Air pollution should be investigated for similar causation. We hypothesize that the incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCLP) and non-syndromic cleft palate (NSCP) would be positively correlated with air pollution concentration. METHODS The incidence of NSCLP and NSCP per 1000 live births from 2016 to 2020 was extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Vital Statistics Database and merged with national reports on air pollution using the Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality Systems annual data. The most commonly reported pollutants were analyzed including benzene, sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM) 2.5, PM 10, ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). Multivariable negative binomial and Poisson log-linear regression models evaluated the incidence of NSCLP and NSCP as a function of the pollutants, adjusting for race. All p-values are reported with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS The median NSCLP incidence was 0.22/1000 births, and isolated NSCP incidence was 0.18/1000 births. For NSCLP, SO2 had a coefficient estimate (CE) of 0.60 (95% CI [0.23, 0.98], p < 0.007) and PM 2.5 had a CE of 0.20 (95% CI [0.10, 0.31], p < 0.005). Among isolated NSCP, no pollutants were found to be significantly associated. CONCLUSION SO2 and PM 2.5 were significantly correlated with increased incidence of NSCLP. The American people and perinatal practitioners should be aware of the connection to allow for risk reduction and in utero screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi N Krakauer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Priscila C Cevallos
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Uche O Amakiri
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Golddy M Saldana
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4610 X Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kelsey J Lipman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lori K Howell
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Sciences University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rohit K Khosla
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rahim Nazerali
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Clifford C Sheckter
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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Na S, Park JT, Kim S, Han J, Jung S, Kwak K. Association between ambient particulate matter levels and hypertension: results from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e51. [PMID: 38274360 PMCID: PMC10808086 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, there has been increasing worldwide concern about outdoor air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM), which has been extensively researched for its harmful effects on the respiratory system. However, sufficient research on its effects on cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, remains lacking. In this study, we examine the associations between PM levels and hypertension and hypothesize that higher PM concentrations are associated with elevated blood pressure. Methods A total of 133,935 adults aged ≥ 40 years who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were analyzed. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate the short- (1-14 days), medium- (1 and 3 months), and long-term (1 and 2 years) impacts of PM on blood pressure. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the medium- and long-term effects of PM on blood pressure elevation after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, health-related lifestyle behaviors, and geographic areas. Results Using multiple linear regression analyses, both crude and adjusted models generated positive estimates, indicating an association with increased blood pressure, with all results being statistically significant, with the exception of PM levels over the long-term period (1 and 2 years) in non-hypertensive participants. In the logistic regression analyses on non-hypertensive participants, moderate PM10 (particulate matter with diameters < 10 μm) and PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameters < 2.5 μm) levels over the long-term period and all high PM10 and PM2.5 levels were statistically significant after adjusting for various covariates. Notably, high PM2.5 levels of the 1 year exhibited the highest odds ratio of 1.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.19-1.28) after adjustment. Conclusions These findings suggest that both short- and long-term exposure to PM is associated with blood pressure elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewhan Na
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Korea University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungbeom Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jinwoo Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Saemi Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kwak
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Korea University Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Silva TD, Alves C, Oliveira H, Duarte IF. Biological Impact of Organic Extracts from Urban-Air Particulate Matter: An In Vitro Study of Cytotoxic and Metabolic Effects in Lung Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16896. [PMID: 38069233 PMCID: PMC10706705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) with diameters below 10 µm (PM10) may enter the lungs through inhalation and are linked to various negative health consequences. Emergent evidence emphasizes the significance of cell metabolism as a sensitive target of PM exposure. However, the current understanding of the relationship between PM composition, conventional toxicity measures, and the rewiring of intracellular metabolic processes remains limited. In this work, PM10 sampled at a residential area (urban background, UB) and a traffic-impacted location (roadside, RS) of a Portuguese city was comprehensively characterized in terms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and plasticizers. Epithelial lung cells (A549) were then exposed for 72 h to PM10 organic extracts and different biological outcomes were assessed. UB and RS PM10 extracts dose-dependently decreased cell viability, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, and modulated the intracellular metabolic profile. Interestingly, the RS sample, richer in particularly toxic PAHs and plasticizers, had a greater metabolic impact than the UB extract. Changes comprised significant increases in glutathione, reflecting activation of antioxidant defences to counterbalance ROS production, together with increases in lactate, NAD+, and ATP, which suggest stimulation of glycolytic energy production, possibly to compensate for reduced mitochondrial activity. Furthermore, a number of other metabolic variations hinted at changes in membrane turnover and TCA cycle dynamics, which represent novel clues on potential PM10 biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana D. Silva
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Biology, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Célia Alves
- Department of Environment and Planning, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology, CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Iola F. Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Gandhi S, Tonelli R, Murray M, Samarelli AV, Spagnolo P. Environmental Causes of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16481. [PMID: 38003670 PMCID: PMC10671449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common and severe of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, is a chronic and relentlessly progressive disease, which occurs mostly in middle-aged and elderly males. Although IPF is by definition "idiopathic", multiple factors have been reported to increase disease risk, aging being the most prominent one. Several occupational and environmental exposures, including metal dust, wood dust and air pollution, as well as various lifestyle variables, including smoking and diet, have also been associated with an increased risk of IPF, probably through interaction with genetic factors. Many of the predisposing factors appear to act also as trigger for acute exacerbations of the disease, which herald a poor prognosis. The more recent literature on inhalation injuries has focused on the first responders in the World Trade Center attacks and military exposure. In this review, we present an overview of the environmental and occupational causes of IPF and its pathogenesis. While our list is not comprehensive, we have selected specific exposures to highlight based on their overall disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheiphali Gandhi
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0924, USA; (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42125 Modena, Italy; (R.T.); (A.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Margaret Murray
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0924, USA; (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Valeria Samarelli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42125 Modena, Italy; (R.T.); (A.V.S.)
- Laboratory of Cell Therapies and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Lee J, Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage PDE, Kim B, Kang S, Kim JS, Moon C. Particulate matter exposure and neurodegenerative diseases: A comprehensive update on toxicity and mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115565. [PMID: 37832485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with a range of health impacts, including neurological abnormalities that affect neurodevelopment, neuroplasticity, and behavior. Recently, there has been growing interest in investigating the possible relationship between PM exposure and the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. However, the precise mechanism by which PM affects neurodegeneration is still unclear, even though several epidemiological and animal model studies have provided mechanistic insights. This article presents a review of the current research on the neurotoxicity of PM and its impact on neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes findings from epidemiological and animal model studies collected through searches in Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. This review paper also discusses the reported effects of PM exposure on the central nervous system and highlights research gaps and future directions. The information presented in this review may inform public health policies aimed at reducing PM exposure and may contribute to the development of new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Further mechanistic and therapeutic research will be needed to fully understand the relationship between PM exposure and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Poornima D E Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Bohye Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea.
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Crambert A, Ballivet de Régloix S, Villeneuve A, Morvan JB. Impact of wearing a medical mask on pure tone audiometry results during military medical fitness assessments. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002581. [PMID: 37879646 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Crambert
- Maxillo-facial, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - S Ballivet de Régloix
- Department of ENT head and neck surgery, Laveran Military Teaching Hospital, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France
| | - A Villeneuve
- Department of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Percy Military Training Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - J-B Morvan
- Department of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Saint-Anne Military Training Hospital, Toulon, France
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20
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Panda SS, Sahu C, Basti S, Sahu SK. Particle and heavy metal accumulation by two plant species in a coal mining area of Odisha, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:838-849. [PMID: 37849279 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2270613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities lead to severe particulate matter (PM) pollution that consequently has a detrimental effect on ecosystem. A study was therefore conducted in a coal mining area of Odisha, India with an objective to assess the particulate matter pollution on the basis of differential aerodynamic size (PM10 and PM2.5) of the particles, the metallic (Zn and Fe) composition, and also to evaluate their nature of deposition on two identified plant species. The results suggest a significant variation in particle and heavy metal fractions in the ambient air of different sites (p < 0.05). Fe dominated the finer particle (PM2.5) fraction while Zn dominated the coarser counterpart (PM10) in the ambient air. When evaluated for the particle and heavy metal deposition on leaf surface, Shorea robusta performed better in trapping the coarser particles (PM10) while Holarrhena floribunda was found to be an efficient scrubber of the finer particles (PM2.5). Fe deposition on surface of leaves was comparatively higher than Zn irrespective of plant species or size fractions. Therefore, it is concluded that both S. robusta and H. floribunda should be planted in a schematic manner to tackle the particulate pollution in coal mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandan Sahu
- P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India
- School of Biotechnology, Gangadhar Meher University, Sambalpur, India
| | - Sradhanjali Basti
- P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India
| | - Sanjat Kumar Sahu
- P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, India
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21
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Chen X, Sani I, Xia X, Li Y, Li C, Yue F, Wang X, Bao S, Fan J. The impact of wearing facemask on COPD patients: A protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292388. [PMID: 37768979 PMCID: PMC10538665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, irreversible but preventable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms. The mortality rate of COPD is predicted to reach 5.4 million by the year 2060. Despite its heavy burden on healthcare expenditure worldwide, only 15% of cases are medically identified. The potential benefits of facemask-wearing for COPD patients remain a topic of debate. METHODS We will conduct a systematic review of all randomized trials and non-randomized controlled trials to evaluate the impact of facemasks on COPD patients. Our review will be based on literature obtained through a comprehensive search strategy across multiple electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, the Chinese Biomedical Database (SinoMed), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), with no restrictions on language or date of publication. Two independent researchers will extract and assess all relevant data using pre-designed data extraction forms. The included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool and the suggested risk of bias criteria proposed by the Effective Practice and Organization of Care reviews group of the Cochrane collaboration. The quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We will use Review Manager 5.4 software for statistical analysis. DISCUSSION In the context of COVID-19, it is important for COPD patients to wear facemasks. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the impact of facemasks on the physiology and activity of COPD patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42022326265.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Chen
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ibrahim Sani
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoli Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Respiratory Cadres, Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Caiyun Li
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Feiyan Yue
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shisan Bao
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingchun Fan
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Sung YY, Kim M, Yuk HJ, Kim SH, Yang WK, Park GD, Kim KS, Ham WJ, Kim DS. Siraitia grosvenorii Extract Attenuates Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Respiratory Disease Induced by Particulate Matter 10 Plus Diesel Exhaust Particles. Nutrients 2023; 15:4140. [PMID: 37836429 PMCID: PMC10574535 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) causes considerable breathing-related health risks. Siraitia grosvenorii fruit is a traditional remedial plant used in Korea and China to treat respiratory diseases. Our recently published study showed that S. grosvenorii extract (SGE) ameliorated airway inflammation in lipopolysaccharide- and cigarette-smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in mice. Thus, we aimed to assess the inhibitory effects of SGE on airway inflammation in mice exposed to a fine dust mixture of PM10 (PM diameter < 10 mm) and diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) known as PM10D. The mice (BALB/c) were treated with PM10D via intranasal injection three times over a period of 12 days, and SGE 70% ethanolic extract (50 or 100 mg/kg) was orally administered daily for 12 days. SGE attenuated neutrophil accumulation and the number of immune B and T cells from the lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the PM10D-exposed mice. SGE reduced the secretion of cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-1α, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-17, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)1, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 in the BALF. Airway inflammation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and collagen fibrosis in the lung after PM10D exposure were investigated via histopathological analysis, and SGE treatment ameliorated these symptoms. SGE decreased the mRNA expression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), CXCL1, TNF-α, MIP-2, and transient receptor potential ion channels in the lung tissues. Furthermore, SGE ameliorated the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling by PM10D in the lungs. We conclude that SGE attenuated PM10D-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation by inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB activation. These results show that SGE may be a candidate for the treatment of inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Young Sung
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (Y.-Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Misun Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (Y.-Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Heung Joo Yuk
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (Y.-Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (W.-K.Y.)
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, 62 Daehak-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.); (W.-K.Y.)
| | - Geum Duck Park
- Suheung Research Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (G.D.P.); (K.S.K.); (W.J.H.)
| | - Kyung Seok Kim
- Suheung Research Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (G.D.P.); (K.S.K.); (W.J.H.)
| | - Woo Jung Ham
- Suheung Research Center, Seongnam 13488, Republic of Korea; (G.D.P.); (K.S.K.); (W.J.H.)
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (Y.-Y.S.); (M.K.); (H.J.Y.)
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23
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Casna M, Schats R, Hoogland MLP, Schrader SA. A distant city: Assessing the impact of Dutch socioeconomic developments on urban and rural health using respiratory disease as a proxy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2023; 42:34-45. [PMID: 37542760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of respiratory disease in several populations from the Netherlands across different time periods and socioeconomic conditions. MATERIALS We analyzed 695 adult individuals from six different Dutch contexts of urban and rural settlements dating to different time periods (i.e., early-medieval, late-medieval, post-medieval). METHODS For each individual, the presence/absence of chronic maxillary sinusitis, otitis media, and inflammatory periosteal reaction on ribs was recorded macroscopically according to accepted methods. RESULTS Statistically significant associations were found in the presence of sinusitis diachronically (early-medieval to late-medieval period, and early-medieval to post-medieval period) both in rural and urban environments. Differences in prevalence rates of otitis media were found statistically significant when comparing rural to urban environments in the early-medieval and late-medieval periods. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that factors such as increased contact between towns and countryside, higher population densities, and intensification of agricultural production impacted the respiratory health of past populations both in rural and urban settings. SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides new insights into the impact of environmental changes and urbanization on respiratory disease prevalence, shedding light on the relationship between health and changing social and environmental contexts. LIMITATIONS Research limitations included the complex etiology of respiratory diseases, and the impact of uncontrollable factors such as hidden heterogeneity, selective mortality, and rural-to-urban migration. FUTURE RESEARCH Further research in different contexts is advised in order to continue exploring urbanization and its impact on human health across both time and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Casna
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Rachel Schats
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno L P Hoogland
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah A Schrader
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
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24
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Oh I, Park C, Min K, Min J, Chung C, Yoon S, Kim C, Yang S. Healthcare utilization of lung cancer patients associated with exposure to fine particulate matter: A Korean cohort study. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2777-2784. [PMID: 37567781 PMCID: PMC10518228 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM) have been shown to cause deterioration of the symptoms of respiratory and cardiovascular disease in several regional studies. Here, we aimed to investigate the healthcare utilization of lung cancer patients associated with short-term exposure to PM at the national level in Korea. METHODS We extracted the data of 210 558 subjects over a period of 3 years (2015-2017), who were diagnosed with lung cancer before 2015 and benefited from the National Health Insurance Sharing Service. We performed the interpolation method using the geographic information system to calculate the estimated mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations by regions and classified three groups as high (upper 10%), intermediate (10%-90%), and low (bottom 10%) based on the mean PM mass concentrations of the month. RESULTS The monthly average number of outpatient visits was significantly increased in high PM2.5 urban areas (46.296 vs. 50.646, p = 0.015). In high PM2.5 nationwide regions, the monthly average number of emergency admission was significantly increased (0.528 vs. 0.785, p = 0.001). The outpatient visits tended to change with PM2.5 concentration and correlated with PM10 /PM2.5 concentrations in urban and nationwide areas. In high PM2.5 urban regions, there was a significant increase in bronchodilator prescriptions (3.102 vs. 3.758, p = 0.008). Concerning high PM2.5 nationwide regions, there were significantly increased prescriptions of antibiotics, steroids, bronchodilators, antihistamines, and mucolytics. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that exposure to PM2.5 is significantly associated with hospital utilization and drug prescription in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- In‐Jae Oh
- Department of Internal MedicineChonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun HospitalHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Cheol‐Kyu Park
- Department of Internal MedicineChonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun HospitalHwasunSouth Korea
| | - Kyoung‐Bok Min
- Department of Preventive MedicineColleague of Medicine, Seoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Jin‐Young Min
- Institute of Health and EnvironmentSeoul National UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineChungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Seong‐Hoon Yoon
- Department of Internal MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsanSouth Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sei‐Hoon Yang
- Department of Internal MedicineWonkwang University School of MedicineIksanSouth Korea
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25
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Lee S, Hyun C, Lee M. Machine Learning Big Data Analysis of the Impact of Air Pollutants on Rhinitis-Related Hospital Visits. TOXICS 2023; 11:719. [PMID: 37624224 PMCID: PMC10459777 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
This study seeks to elucidate the intricate relationship between various air pollutants and the incidence of rhinitis in Seoul, South Korea, wherein it leveraged a vast repository of data and machine learning techniques. The dataset comprised more than 93 million hospital visits (n = 93,530,064) by rhinitis patients between 2013 and 2017. Daily atmospheric measurements were captured for six major pollutants: PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, CO, and SO2. We employed traditional correlation analyses alongside machine learning models, including the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting machine (GBM), to dissect the effects of these pollutants and the potential time lag in their symptom manifestation. Our analyses revealed that CO showed the strongest positive correlation with hospital visits across all three categories, with a notable significance in the 4-day lag analysis. NO2 also exhibited a substantial positive association, particularly with outpatient visits and hospital admissions and especially in the 4-day lag analysis. Interestingly, O3 demonstrated mixed results. Both PM10 and PM2.5 showed significant correlations with the different types of hospital visits, thus underlining their potential to exacerbate rhinitis symptoms. This study thus underscores the deleterious impacts of air pollution on respiratory health, thereby highlighting the importance of reducing pollutant levels and developing strategies to minimize rhinitis-related hospital visits. Further research considering other environmental factors and individual patient characteristics will enhance our understanding of these intricate dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
| | - Changwan Hyun
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Minhyeok Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
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26
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Ahn EJ, Min HJ. Environmental factors differentially affect epistaxis among preschool and school-aged children. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1178531. [PMID: 37621609 PMCID: PMC10446964 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1178531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Environmental factors are closely associated with pediatric epistaxis. Whether this association differs according to age has not been previously reported. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the differences in associations between environmental factors and epistaxis in children of different ages. Methods A total of 20,234 patients with epistaxis who visited the hospital between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2015, were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their ages: preschool-aged (<6 years) and school-aged children (6-18 years). Daily, monthly, and yearly data on environmental factors were collected. We performed a stepwise logistic regression to identify the potential environmental risk factors for epistaxis in each age group. Results The mean number of epistaxis cases per month in both groups was highest in September. The cases were lowest in February in preschool-aged children and in November in school-aged children. Temperature, humidity, maximum wind speed, and sunshine duration were associated with epistaxis in preschool-aged children. Average wind speed, particulate matter (>10 μm diameter), temperature, humidity, sunshine duration, and sulfur dioxide concentration were associated with epistaxis in school-aged children. Conclusion This study indicates that the differences in environmental risk factors for epistaxis are associated with the patient's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Min
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University, Medical Center, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Shi Q, Qian Y, Wang B, Liu L, Chen Y, Chen C, Feng L, Chen J, Dong N. Glycyrrhizin protects against particulate matter-induced lung injury via regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis through Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110371. [PMID: 37245303 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a major environmental pollutant that contributes considerably to deaths worldwide. The pathogenesis of PM-induced lung injury (PILI) is far from elucidated and warrants effective intervention. An effective component of licorice, glycyrrhizin (GL), has been the subject of much research due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative capabilities. Although preventive properties of GL are well-known, the precise mechanism of GL in PILI has not yet been investigated. A mouse model of PILI was used to examine the protective effects of GL in vivo, and a human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) model was used in vitro. In order to determine whether GL mitigates PILI, its effects on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and the oxidative response were examined. According to the findings, GL reduced PILI and activate anti-oxidative Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 signaling in mice. Notably, the effect of GL on PM-induced ER stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis was significantly attenuated by the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. The data suggest that via the anti-oxidative Nrf2 signaling, GL may reduce oxidative stress-mediated ER stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Therefore, GL may serve as a promising treatment for PILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang 322100, China.
| | - Yao Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Beibei Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China.
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Lanfang Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang 322100, China.
| | - Junjie Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Nian Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Shi S, Si Y, Li Z, Meng S, Zhang S, Wu H, Zhi C, Io WF, Ming Y, Wang D, Fei B, Huang H, Hao J, Hu J. An Intelligent Wearable Filtration System for Health Management. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7035-7046. [PMID: 36994837 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To develop intelligent wearable protection systems is of great significance to human health engineering. An ideal intelligent air filtration system should possess reliable filtration efficiency, low pressure drop, healthcare monitoring function, and man-machine interactive capability. However, no existing intelligent protection system covers all these essential aspects. Herein, we developed an intelligent wearable filtration system (IWFS) via advanced nanotechnology and machine learning. Based on the triboelectric mechanism, the fabricated IWFS exhibits a long-lasting high particle filtration efficiency and bacteria protection efficiency of 99% and 100%, respectively, with a low-pressure drop of 5.8 mmH2O. Correspondingly, the charge accumulation of the optimized IWFS (87 nC) increased to 3.5 times that of the pristine nanomesh, providing a significant enhancement of the particle filtration efficiency. Theoretical principles, including the enhancement of the β-phase and the lower surface potential of the modified nanomesh, were quantitatively investigated by molecular dynamics simulation, band theory, and Kelvin probe force microscopy. Furthermore, we endowed the IWFS with a healthcare monitoring function and man-machine interactive capability through machine learning and wireless transmission technology. Crucial physiological signals of people, including breath, cough, and speaking signals, were detected and classified, with a high recognition rate of 92%; the fabricated IWFS can collect healthcare data and transmit voice commands in real time without hindrance by portable electronic devices. The achieved IWFS not only has practical significance for human health management but also has great theoretical value for advanced wearable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yifan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Zihua Li
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Shuo Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Hanbai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Chuanwei Zhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Weng-Fu Io
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yang Ming
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-Textile, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Jianhua Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Jinlian Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Choi YJ, Han H, Lee JH, Lee J, Kim CY, Byun MK, Cho JH, Park HJ. Particulate matter 10-induced airway inflammation and fibrosis can be regulated by chitinase-1 suppression. Respir Res 2023; 24:85. [PMID: 36934237 PMCID: PMC10024831 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate matter10 (PM10) can induce airway inflammation and fibrosis. Recently, chitinase-1 has been shown to play key roles in inflammation and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the effects of chitinase-1 inhibitor in PM10-treated murine mice models. METHODS In female BALB/c mice, PM10 was intranasally administered six times over 3 weeks, and ovalbumin (OVA) was intraperitoneally injected and then intranasally administered. Chitinase-1 inhibitor (CPX) 6 times over 3 weeks or dexamethasone 3 times in the last week were intraperitoneally administered. Two days after the last challenges, mice were euthanized. Messenger RNA sequencing using lung homogenates was conducted to evaluate signaling pathways. RESULTS PM10 and/or OVA-induced airway inflammation and fibrosis murine models were established. CPX and dexamethasone ameliorated PM10 or PM10/OVA-induced airway hyper-responsiveness, airway inflammation, and fibrosis. CPX and dexamethasone also reduced levels of various inflammatory markers in lung homogenates. PM10 and OVA also induced changes in mRNA expression across an extreme range of genes. CPX and dexamethasone decreased levels of mRNA expression especially associated with inflammation and immune regulation. They also significantly regulated asthma and asthma-related pathways, including the JACK-STAT signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Chitinase-1 suppression by CPX can regulate PM10- and OVA-induced and aggravated airway inflammation and fibrosis via an asthma-related signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- grid.459553.b0000 0004 0647 8021Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211, Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea
| | - Heejae Han
- grid.459553.b0000 0004 0647 8021Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211, Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- grid.459553.b0000 0004 0647 8021Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211, Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea
| | - Jaeuk Lee
- grid.459553.b0000 0004 0647 8021Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211, Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea
| | - Chi Young Kim
- grid.459553.b0000 0004 0647 8021Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211, Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea
| | - Min Kwang Byun
- grid.459553.b0000 0004 0647 8021Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211, Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea
| | - Jae Hwa Cho
- grid.459553.b0000 0004 0647 8021Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211, Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- grid.459553.b0000 0004 0647 8021Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211, Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06273 Korea
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Jeong S, Shin EC, Lee JH, Ha JH. Particulate Matter Elevates Ocular Inflammation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4766. [PMID: 36981676 PMCID: PMC10049273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Because of their exposure to air, eyes can come into contact with air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), which may cause severe ocular pathologies. Prolonged ocular PM exposure may increase inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the retina. Herein, we investigated whether PM exposure induces ocular inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related cellular responses in human retinal epithelium-19 (ARPE-19) cells. To understand how PM promotes ocular inflammation, we monitored the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) axis and the expression of key inflammatory mRNAs. We also measured the upregulation of signature components for the ER-related unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, as well as intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels, as readouts for ER stress induction following PM exposure. Ocular PM exposure significantly elevated the expression of multiple cytokine mRNAs and increased phosphorylation levels of NFκB-MAPK axis in a PM dose-dependent manner. Moreover, incubation with PM significantly increased [Ca2+]i levels and the expression of UPR-related proteins, which indicated ER stress resulting from cell hypoxia, and upregulation of hypoxic adaptation mechanisms such as the ER-associated UPR pathways. Our study demonstrated that ocular PM exposure increased inflammation in ARPE-19 cells, by activating the MAPK/NFκB axis and cytokine mRNA expression, while also inducing ER stress and stress adaptation responses. These findings may provide helpful insight into clinical and non-clinical research examining the role of PM exposure in ocular pathophysiology and delineating its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Jeong
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of GreenBio Science/Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Lee
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea
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Li Z, Lu F, Liu M, Guo M, Tao L, Wang T, Liu M, Guo X, Liu X. Short-Term Effects of Carbon Monoxide on Morbidity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease With Comorbidities in Beijing. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000734. [PMID: 36992869 PMCID: PMC10042128 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The association between CO and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been widely reported; however, the association among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or hypertension has remained largely unknown in China. Over-dispersed generalized additive model was adopted to quantity the associations between CO and COPD with T2DM or hypertension. Based on principal diagnosis, COPD cases were identified according to the International Classification of Diseases (J44), and a history of T2DM and hypertension was coded as E12 and I10-15, O10-15, P29, respectively. A total of 459,258 COPD cases were recorded from 2014 to 2019. Each interquartile range uptick in CO at lag 03 corresponded to 0.21% (95%CI: 0.08%-0.34%), 0.39% (95%CI: 0.13%-0.65%), 0.29% (95%CI: 0.13%-0.45%) and 0.27% (95%CI: 0.12%-0.43%) increment in admissions for COPD, COPD with T2DM, COPD with hypertension and COPD with both T2DM and hypertension, respectively. The effects of CO on COPD with T2DM (Z = 0.77, P = 0.444), COPD with hypertension (Z = 0.19, P = 0.234) and COPD with T2DM and hypertension (Z = 0.61, P = 0.543) were insignificantly higher than that on COPD. Stratification analysis showed that females were more vulnerable than males except for T2DM group (COPD: Z = 3.49, P < 0.001; COPD with T2DM: Z = 0.176, P = 0.079; COPD with hypertension: Z = 2.48, P = 0.013; COPD with both T2DM and hypertension: Z = 2.44, P = 0.014); No statistically significant difference could be found between age groups (COPD: Z = 1.63, P = 0.104; COPD with T2DM: Z = 0.23, P = 0.821; COPD with hypertension: Z = 0.53, P = 0.595; COPD with both T2DM and hypertension: Z = 0.71, P = 0.476); Higher effects appeared in cold seasons than warm seasons on COPD (Z = 0.320, P < 0.001). This study demonstrated an increased risk of COPD with comorbidities related to CO exposure in Beijing. We further provided important information on lag patterns, susceptible subgroups, and sensitive seasons, as well as the characteristics of the exposure-response curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- School of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijingChina
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information CentreBeijingChina
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- School of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijingChina
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Moning Guo
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information CentreBeijingChina
| | - Lixin Tao
- School of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijingChina
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information CentreBeijingChina
| | - Mengyang Liu
- School of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijingChina
- School of Public HealthHebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- School of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijingChina
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Centre for Precision HealthSchool of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityWAJoondalupAustralia
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- School of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical EpidemiologyBeijingChina
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Kumar R, Mrigpuri P, Sarin R, Saini JK, Yadav R, Nagori A, Kabra SK, Mukherjee A, Yadav G. Air pollution and its effects on emergency room visits in tertiary respiratory care centers in Delhi, India. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2023; 94. [PMID: 36843510 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2023.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution has harmful effects on human health, particularly the respiratory system. We aimed to study the impact of daily ambient air pollution on daily emergency room visits for acute respiratory symptoms. This study was conducted in two tertiary respiratory care centres in Delhi, India. Daily counts of emergency room visits were collected. All patients attending the emergency room were screened for acute onset (less than 2 weeks) of respiratory symptoms and were recruited if they were staying in Delhi continuously for at least 4 weeks and having onset (≤2 weeks) of respiratory symptoms. Daily average air pollution data for the study period was obtained from four continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations. A total of 61,285 patients were screened and 11,424 were enrolled from June 2017 to February 2019. Cough and difficulty in breathing were most common respiratory symptoms. Poor air quality was observed during the months of October to December. Emergency room visits with acute respiratory symptoms significantly increased per standard deviation increase in PM10 from lag days 2-7. Increase in wheezing was primarily seen with increase in NO2. Pollutant levels have effect on acute respiratory symptoms and thus influence emergency room visits. *************************************************************** *Appendix Authors list Kamal Singhal,1 Kana Ram Jat,2 Karan Madan,3 Mohan P. George,4 Kalaivani Mani,5 Randeep Guleria,3 Ravindra Mohan Pandey,5 Rupinder Singh Dhaliwal,6 Rakesh Lodha,2 Varinder Singh1 1Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India 2Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 3Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 4Department of Environment, Delhi Pollution Control Committee, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India 5Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 6Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi.
| | - Parul Mrigpuri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi.
| | - Rohit Sarin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi.
| | - Jitendra Kumar Saini
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi.
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
| | | | - Sushil Kumar Kabra
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
| | - Arpana Mukherjee
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
| | - Geetika Yadav
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.
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Naqvi HR, Mutreja G, Shakeel A, Singh K, Abbas K, Naqvi DF, Chaudhary AA, Siddiqui MA, Gautam AS, Gautam S, Naqvi AR. Wildfire-induced pollution and its short-term impact on COVID-19 cases and mortality in California. GONDWANA RESEARCH : INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE JOURNAL 2023; 114:30-39. [PMID: 35529075 PMCID: PMC9066963 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Globally, wildfires have seen remarkable increase in duration and size and have become a health hazard. In addition to vegetation and habitat destruction, rapid release of smoke, dust and gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere contributes to its short and long-term detrimental effects. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a public health concern worldwide that primarily target lungs and respiratory tract, akin to air pollutants. Studies from our lab and others have demonstrated association between air pollution and COVID-19 infection and mortality rates. However, current knowledge on the impact of wildfire-mediated sudden outburst of air pollutants on COVID-19 is limited. In this study, we examined the association of air pollutants and COVID-19 during wildfires burned during August-October 2020 in California, United States. We observed an increase in the tropospheric pollutants including aerosols (particulate matter [PM]), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) by approximately 150%, 100% and 20%, respectively, in 2020 compared to the 2019. Except ozone (O3), similar proportion of increment was noticed during the peak wildfire period (August 16 - September 15, 2020) in the ground PM2.5, CO, and NO2 levels at Fresno, Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Diego and San Francisco, cities with largest active wildfire area. We identified three different spikes in the concentrations of PM2.5, and CO for the cities examined clearly suggesting wildfire-induced surge in air pollution. Fresno and Sacramento showed increment in the ground PM2.5, CO and NO2 levels, while San Diego recorded highest change rate in NO2 levels. Interestingly, we observed a similar pattern of higher COVID-19 cases and mortalities in the cities with adverse air pollution caused by wildfires. These findings provide a logical rationale to strategize public health policies for future impact of COVID-19 on humans residing in geographic locations susceptible to sudden increase in local air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Raja Naqvi
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Guneet Mutreja
- Environmental Systems Research Institute, R & D Center, New Delhi, India
| | - Adnan Shakeel
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Karan Singh
- Department of Physics, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kumail Abbas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut 250005, India
| | | | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13317-7544, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood Ahsan Siddiqui
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Alok Sagar Gautam
- Department of Physics, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641114, India
| | - Afsar Raza Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Die Feinstaubbelastung Radfahrender im innerstädtischen Straßenverkehr. ZENTRALBLATT FÜR ARBEITSMEDIZIN, ARBEITSSCHUTZ UND ERGONOMIE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40664-023-00494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungFahrradfahren als Form der aktiven Fortbewegung bietet viele gesundheitliche Vorteile durch eine gesteigerte körperliche Aktivität. In städtischer Umgebung können diese Vorteile aufgrund der intensivierten Respiration beim Radfahren und der Nähe zum Fahrzeugverkehr mit einer assoziierten Exposition von verkehrsbedingter partikulärer Luftverschmutzung durch Feinstaub beeinträchtigt werden. Das Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit ist, eine Darstellung der aktuellen Literatur mit mobil erhobenen Daten zur Feinstaubbelastung Radfahrender im urbanen Raum zu geben sowie die darin beschriebenen Einflussfaktoren der Feinstaubkonzentrationen aus Meteorologie, Verkehr, Architektur und zeitlichen Bedingungen zu beschreiben. Fahrradfahren repräsentiert diesbezüglich eine effiziente Vorgehensweise zur Charakterisierung individueller Feinstaubbelastungen mit der Möglichkeit einer hohen räumlich-zeitlichen Auflösung. Unter Beachtung der Hintergrundkonzentration können Aussagen zur relativen Schadstoffexposition und des einhergehenden Gesundheitsrisikos mit Erkenntnissen zugunsten einer umweltverträglichen innerstädtischen Verkehrsplanung getroffen werden.
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Thangavel P, Kim KY, Park D, Lee YC. Evaluation of Health Economic Loss Due to Particulate Matter Pollution in the Seoul Subway, South Korea. TOXICS 2023; 11:113. [PMID: 36850988 PMCID: PMC9960099 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating an illness's economic impact is critical for developing and executing appropriate policies. South Korea has mandatory national health insurance in the form of NHIS that provides propitious conditions for assessing the national financial burden of illnesses. The purpose of our study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the economic impact of PM2.5 exposure in the subway and a comparative analysis of cause-specific mortality outcomes based on the prevalent health-risk assessment of the health effect endpoints (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and ischemic heart disease (IHD)). We used the National Health Insurance database to calculate the healthcare services provided to health-effect endpoints, with at least one primary diagnosis in 2019. Direct costs associated with health aid or medicine, treatment, and indirect costs (calculated based on the productivity loss in health effect endpoint patients, transportation, and caregivers, including morbidity and mortality costs) were both considered. The total cost for the exposed population for these endpoints was estimated to be USD 437 million per year. Medical costs were the largest component (22.08%), followed by loss of productivity and premature death (15.93%) and other costs such as transport and caregiver costs (11.46%). The total incurred costs (per 1000 persons) were accounted to be USD 0.1771 million, USD 0.42 million, and USD 0.8678 million for COPD, Asthma, and IHD, respectively. Given that the economic burden will rise as the prevalence of these diseases rises, it is vital to adopt effective preventative and management methods strategies aimed at the appropriate population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Thangavel
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Youb Kim
- Department of Mobile IoT, Osan University, 45 Cheonghak-ro, Osan-si 18119, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Cheng CG, Yen SY, Hsiao CC, Lin YY, Chang YH, Chen YH, Cheng CA. Short-Term Exposure Effect of Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Ozone and Cold Temperature on Emergency Room Visits for Asthma Patients. TOXICS 2023; 11:94. [PMID: 36850970 PMCID: PMC9964231 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The acute effects of ozone, cold temperature and particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in size related to asthma attacks are well known worldwide. The adverse effects of ozone and cold temperature on asthma morbidity in Taiwan are still inconclusive. (2) Methods: This retrospective study included patients who had asthma emergency room visits (ERVs) from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019 in a regional hospital in Taiwan. The short-term negative effects were estimated using Distributed Lag Non-Linear Models (DLNMs) for the relative risks (RRs) of asthma ERVs associated with PM2.5, ozone and cold temperature exposures within 5 days. (3) Results: There was a significant association between a 10 ppm increase in PM2.5 exposure and asthma ERVs at a 2-day lag (RR 1.166, 95% confidence interval (C.I.): 1.051-1.294). There was a significant association between ozone and asthma ERVs at a 1-day lag (RR 1.179, 95% C.I.: 1.034-1.345). The ambient temperature in cold weather compared with the temperature of minimum asthma ERV showed an RR of 1.214, 95% C.I.: 1.009-1.252 at a 1-day lag. (4) Conclusions: This study provides evidence that short-term exposure to fine suspended particulates, ozone and inverse temperature is associated with asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Gu Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32549, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yih Yen
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Hsiao
- Department of Nursing, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32549, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan 32549, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Han Chang
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10621, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Park SB, Kim EA, Kim KY, Koh B. Induction of toxicity in human colon cells and organoids by size- and composition-dependent road dust. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2833-2840. [PMID: 36756445 PMCID: PMC9845984 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07500h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution, including the annual resurgence of particulate matter derived from road dust, is a serious issue worldwide. Typically, the size of road dust is less than 10 μm; thus, road dust can penetrate into human organs, including the brain, through inhalation and intake by mouth. Therefore, the toxicity of road dust has been intensively studied in vitro and in vivo. However, in vitro systems, including 2D cell cultures, cannot mimic complex human organs, and there are several discrepancies between in vivo and human systems. Here, we used human colon cells and organoids to evaluate the cytotoxicity of particulate matter derived from road dust. The toxicity of road dust collected in industrialized and high traffic areas and NIST urban particulate matter reference samples were evaluated in 2D and 3D human colon cells as well as colon organoids and their characteristics were carefully examined. Data suggest that the size and elemental compositions of road dust can correlate with colon organoid toxicity, and thus, a more careful assessment of the size and elemental compositions of road dust should be conducted to predict its effect on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bum Park
- Biotechnology and Therapeutics Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- National Assembly Futures InstituteMembers Office Bldg, 1 Uisadang-daero, Yeongdeungpo-guSeoul07233Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Kim
- Biotechnology and Therapeutics Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Byumseok Koh
- Biotechnology and Therapeutics Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
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Sekhavati E, Yengejeh RJ. Particulate matter exposure in construction sites is associated with health effects in workers. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1130620. [PMID: 36960377 PMCID: PMC10028260 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1130620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to suspended particulate matters (PMs) at high concentrations, mainly observed in the construction workplace, is found to be a risk factor for major health outcomes. The present study was conducted to investigate the degree of exposure to suspended PMs in different stages of construction of the buildings and the health risk associated with the exposure in Lar, Fars, Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, two construction sites were selected in Lar. Cancer and non-cancer health risks of exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 were assessed using the US Environmental Protection Agency method in three-dimensions: inhalation, digestion, and dermal absorption. The hazard quotient (HQ) and total cancer risk (TCR) were considered as parameters for risk analysis. Results The highest level of non-cancer risk for workers in the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 particles in the drilling process were determined to be 2.97 × 10-1 and 8.52 × 10-2, respectively. In the cancer risk analysis, PM10 concentrations were estimated to be at the highest level (1.7 × 10-7) in the drilling process and the lowest level (4.29 × 10-8) in the facilities process. For suspended PM2.5, it was an unacceptable risk level in all processes, except for the implementation of facilities. Conclusion These results show that the construction industry, especially in developing countries such as Iran, needs better management to maintain the health of construction workers.
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Sheraz M, Mir KA, Anus A, Le VCT, Kim S, Nguyen VQ, Lee WR. SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission: a review of risk factors and possible preventative measures using air purifiers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2191-2216. [PMID: 36278886 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00333c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting worldwide death toll have prompted worries regarding its transmission mechanisms. Direct, indirect, and droplet modes are the basic mechanisms of transmission. SARS-CoV-2 spreads by respiratory droplets (size range >10 μm size ranges), aerosols (5 μm), airborne, and particulate matter. The rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is due to the involvement of tiny indoor air particulate matter (PM2.5), which functions as a vector. SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious in the indoor environment where particulate matter floats for a longer period and greater distances. Extended residence time in the environment raises the risk of SARS-CoV-2 entering the lower respiratory tract, which may cause serious infection and possibly death. To decrease viral transmission in the indoor environment, it is essential to catch and kill the SARS-CoV-2 virus and maintain virus-free air, which will significantly reduce viral exposure concerns. Therefore, effective air filters with anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-air-pollutant characteristics are gaining popularity recently. It is essential to develop cost-effective materials based on nanoparticles and metal-organic frameworks in order to lower the risk of airborne transmission in developing countries. A diverse range of materials play an important role in the manufacturing of effective air filters. We have summarized in this review article the basic concepts of the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 virus and precautionary measures using air purifiers with efficient materials-based air filters for the indoor environment. The performance of air-filter materials, challenges and alternative approaches, and future perspectives are also presented. We believe that air purifiers fabricated with highly efficient materials can control various air pollutants and prevent upcoming pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshab Sheraz
- Research Centre for Climate Change and Energy, Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, 24252, Republic of Korea
- Nano-Innotek Corporation, 123, Digital-ro 26 Gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kaleem Anwar Mir
- Research Centre for Climate Change and Energy, Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, 24252, Republic of Korea
- Global Change Impact Studies Centre, Ministry of Climate Change, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Anus
- Research Centre for Climate Change and Energy, Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, 24252, Republic of Korea
- Nano-Innotek Corporation, 123, Digital-ro 26 Gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Van Cam Thi Le
- Research Centre for Climate Change and Energy, Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, 24252, Republic of Korea
- Nano-Innotek Corporation, 123, Digital-ro 26 Gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Seungdo Kim
- Research Centre for Climate Change and Energy, Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si, 24252, Republic of Korea
- Nano-Innotek Corporation, 123, Digital-ro 26 Gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Environment Strategy Development Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, South Korea
| | - Van Quyet Nguyen
- Nano-Innotek Corporation, 123, Digital-ro 26 Gil, Guro-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Ram Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Future Convergence, Hallym University, Engineering Building# 1348, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, South Korea.
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Floss M, Zandavalli RB, Leão JRB, Lima CV, Vianna N, Barros EF, Saldiva PHN. Poluição do ar. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2022. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc17(44)3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: As mortes atribuíveis à poluição do ar em longo prazo chegam a 9 milhões ao ano, concentrando-se principalmente em países de baixa e média renda como o Brasil. Classifica-se a poluição do ar em: domiciliar (indoor) ou ambiente (outdoor). A inalação de poluentes está relacionada com o aumento da incidência e desenvolvimento de condições clínicas, como doenças cardiovasculares, respiratórias e outras, que fazem parte da prática da medicina de família e comunidade. Objetivo: Verificar as evidências clínicas para a abordagem da poluição do ar relacionada à saúde humana no contexto da prática na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Revisão de escopo do papel clínico da medicina de família e comunidade em relação à poluição do ar e saúde, voltada para questões clínicas associadas com a poluição do ar. Incluíram-se 35 artigos nesta revisão. Recomendações clínicas: Em nível individual, destacam-se a redução do uso de fogões a lenha, o uso de estratégias de proteção de fontes poluidoras (como queimadas, vias de trânsito e indústria), a filtragem do ar, o estímulo ao transporte ativo, a cessação do tabagismo. Essas recomendações devem ser complementares às políticas governamentais relacionadas à poluição do ar. Propõem-se perguntas para a entrevista clínica. Exploram-se recomendações específicas sobre uso de máscaras, atividade física e COVID-19. Sugerem-se temas de pesquisa que podem ser realizadas na Atenção Primária à Saúde e o papel da medicina de família e comunidade nesse contexto. Considerações: A inclusão na classificação internacional de atenção primária e no Código internacional de Doenças poderia melhorar a notificação e os estudos epidemiológicos sobre o assunto.
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Madu FU, Agoro EYS, Madu MC. Exhaled breath condensate markers of oxidative stress in male storekeepers of chemical stores in the Ariaria international market Aba Abia state Nigeria. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:801-809. [PMID: 36261326 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221133885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In most developing countries, stores, where chemical substances are sold, are poorly ventilated, and best practices are not followed. This can result in the contamination of the ambient air inside the stores with toxicological implications for the lungs. This work aimed at determining the risk of pulmonary disease in chemical storekeepers in the Ariaria international market Aba by the evaluation of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) biomarkers of oxidative stress. A gas monitor was used for gas sampling while an Aerocet analyzer was used for particulate matter determinations. Exposed filter paper was used for the sampling of heavy metals in the air, and the determination was done using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The exhaled breath condensate was collected with a refrigerated condenser, and the markers of oxidative stress were determined spectrophotometrically. Concentrations of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM7, PM10) were elevated in all the chemical stores studied. Our findings also showed that the indoor air of the chemical stores studied was polluted with SO2, NO2, NH3 and H2S, as their concentrations were respectively higher than the WHO standard values. Concentrations of all the heavy metals present in the ambient air of the chemical stores were also higher than the Nigerian Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) standard values. Chemical storekeepers at the Ariaria international market exhaled increased concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), H2O2, and lower concentrations of glutathione (GSH). The pH values of the exhaled breath condensates were decreased and slightly acidic. It therefore means that the storekeepers were exposed to polluted ambient air inside the stores. This resulted to airway oxidative stress in the storekeepers as reported herein. Therefore, storekeepers of chemical stores in the Ariaria international market, Aba Nigeria were at risk of pulmonary disease(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Ugochukwu Madu
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, 487357Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Protective effects of Dioscorea polystachya ethanol extracts against lead acetate-induced oxidative DNA damage in MRC-5 cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gupta A, Sasse SK, Berman R, Gruca MA, Dowell RD, Chu HW, Downey GP, Gerber AN. Integrated genomics approaches identify transcriptional mediators and epigenetic responses to Afghan desert particulate matter in small airway epithelial cells. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:389-401. [PMID: 36062885 PMCID: PMC9550581 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00063.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Military Deployment to Southwest Asia and Afghanistan and exposure to toxic airborne particulates have been associated with an increased risk of developing respiratory disease, collectively termed deployment-related respiratory diseases (DRRDs). Our knowledge about how particulates mediate respiratory disease is limited, precluding the appropriate recognition or management. Central to this limitation is the lack of understanding of how exposures translate into dysregulated cell identity with dysregulated transcriptional programs. The small airway epithelium is involved in both the pathobiology of DRRD and fine particulate matter deposition. To characterize small airway epithelial cell epigenetic and transcriptional responses to Afghan desert particulate matter (APM) and investigate the functional interactions of transcription factors that mediate these responses, we applied two genomics assays, the assay for transposase accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) and Precision Run-on sequencing (PRO-seq). We identified activity changes in a series of transcriptional pathways as candidate regulators of susceptibility to subsequent insults, including signal-dependent pathways, such as loss of cytochrome P450 or P53/P63, and lineage-determining transcription factors, such as GRHL2 loss or TEAD3 activation. We further demonstrated that TEAD3 activation was unique to APM exposure despite similar inflammatory responses when compared with wood smoke particle exposure and that P53/P63 program loss was uniquely positioned at the intersection of signal-dependent and lineage-determining transcriptional programs. Our results establish the utility of an integrated genomics approach in characterizing responses to exposures and identifying genomic targets for the advanced investigation of the pathogenesis of DRRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Gupta
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Sarah K Sasse
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Reena Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Margaret A Gruca
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Robin D Dowell
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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Pryor JT, Cowley LO, Simonds SE. The Physiological Effects of Air Pollution: Particulate Matter, Physiology and Disease. Front Public Health 2022; 10:882569. [PMID: 35910891 PMCID: PMC9329703 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.882569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine out of 10 people breathe air that does not meet World Health Organization pollution limits. Air pollutants include gasses and particulate matter and collectively are responsible for ~8 million annual deaths. Particulate matter is the most dangerous form of air pollution, causing inflammatory and oxidative tissue damage. A deeper understanding of the physiological effects of particulate matter is needed for effective disease prevention and treatment. This review will summarize the impact of particulate matter on physiological systems, and where possible will refer to apposite epidemiological and toxicological studies. By discussing a broad cross-section of available data, we hope this review appeals to a wide readership and provides some insight on the impacts of particulate matter on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Pryor
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Woodrudge LTD, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lachlan O. Cowley
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie E. Simonds
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Stephanie E. Simonds
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Lee HS, Park HW. IL-23 plays a significant role in the augmentation of particulate matter-mediated allergic airway inflammation. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4506-4519. [PMID: 35801505 PMCID: PMC9357615 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recently that particulate matter (PM) exposure increases the risk and exacerbation of allergic asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms and factors associated with increased allergic responses remain elusive. We evaluated IL-23 and IL-23R (receptor) expression, as well as changes in the asthmatic phenotype in mice administered PM and a low dose of house dust mite (HDM). Next, changes in the phenotype and immune responses were evaluated after intranasal administration of anti-IL-23 antibody during co-exposure to PM and low-dose HDM. We also performed in vitro experiments to investigate the effect of IL-23. IL-23 expression was significantly increased in Epcam+CD45- and CD11c+ cells, while that of IL-23R was increased in Epcam+CD45- cells only in mice administered PM and low-dose HDM. Administration of anti-IL-23 antibody led to decreased airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophils, and activation of dendritic cells, reduced populations of Th2 Th17, ILC2, the level of IL-33 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Inhibition of IL-23 in PM and low-dose HDM stimulated airway epithelial cell line resulted in decreased IL-33, GM-CSF and affected ILC2 and the activation of BMDCs. PM augmented the phenotypes and immunologic responses of asthma even at low doses of HDM. Interestingly, IL-23 affected immunological changes in airway epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seung Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heung-Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wold LE, Tarran R, Crotty Alexander LE, Hamburg NM, Kheradmand F, St Helen G, Wu JC. Cardiopulmonary Consequences of Vaping in Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circ Res 2022; 131:e70-e82. [PMID: 35726609 DOI: 10.1161/res.0000000000000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the US Food and Drug Administration has not approved e-cigarettes as a cessation aid, industry has at times positioned their products in that way for adults trying to quit traditional cigarettes; however, their novelty and customizability have driven them into the hands of unintended users, particularly adolescents. Most new users of e-cigarette products have never smoked traditional cigarettes; therefore, understanding the respiratory and cardiovascular consequences of e-cigarette use has become of increasing interest to the research community. Most studies have been performed on adult e-cigarette users, but the majority of these study participants are either former traditional smokers or smokers who have used e-cigarettes to switch from traditional smoking. Therefore, the respiratory and cardiovascular consequences in this population are not attributable to e-cigarette use alone. Preclinical studies have been used to study the effects of naive e-cigarette use on various organ systems; however, almost all of these studies have used adult animals, which makes translation of health effects to adolescents problematic. Given that inhalation of any foreign substance can have effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, a more holistic understanding of the pathways involved in toxicity could help to guide researchers to novel therapeutic treatment strategies. The goals of this scientific statement are to provide salient background information on the cardiopulmonary consequences of e-cigarette use (vaping) in adolescents, to guide therapeutic and preventive strategies and future research directions, and to inform public policymakers on the risks, both short and long term, of vaping.
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Qin G, Wang X, Wang T, Nie D, Li Y, Liu Y, Wen H, Huang L, Yu C. Impact of Particulate Matter on Hospitalizations for Respiratory Diseases and Related Economic Losses in Wuhan, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:797296. [PMID: 35692312 PMCID: PMC9174547 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.797296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior studies have reported the effects of particulate matter (PM) on respiratory disease (RD) hospitalizations, but few have quantified PM-related economic loss in the central region of China. This investigation aimed to assess the impacts of PM pollution on the risk burden and economic loss of patients admitted with RD. Methods Daily cases of RD admitted to the hospital from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 were collected from two class-A tertiary hospitals in Wuhan, China. Time series analysis incorporated with a generalized additive model (GAM) was adopted to assess the impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) exposures on patients hospitalized with RD. Stratified analyses were performed to investigate underlying effect modification of RD risk by sex, age, and season. The cost of illness (COI) approach was applied to evaluate the related economic losses caused by PM. Results A total of 51,676 inpatients with a primary diagnosis of RD were included for the analysis. PM2.5 and PM10 exposures were associated with increased risks of hospitalizations for RD. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that men and children in the 0–14 years age group were more vulnerable to PM, and the adverse effects were promoted by low temperature in the cold season. A 152.4 million China Yuan (CNY) economic loss could be avoided if concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 declined to 10 and 20 μg/m3, respectively. Conclusions PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were positively associated with RD hospitalization. Men and children were more vulnerable to PM. Effective air pollution control measures can reduce hospitalizations significantly and save economic loss substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuyan Wang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dewei Nie
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyu Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanhua Yu
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Upadhyay S, Chakraborty A, Thimraj TA, Baldi M, Steneholm A, Ganguly K, Gerde P, Ernstgård L, Palmberg L. Establishment of Repeated In Vitro Exposure System for Evaluating Pulmonary Toxicity of Representative Criteria Air Pollutants Using Advanced Bronchial Mucosa Models. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060277. [PMID: 35736886 PMCID: PMC9228979 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that shows the association between chronic exposure to air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous) and onset of various respiratory impairments. However, the corresponding toxicological mechanisms of mixed exposure are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to establish a repeated exposure setting for evaluating the pulmonary toxicological effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as representative criterial air pollutants. Single, combined (DEP with NO2 and SO2), and repeated exposures were performed using physiologically relevant human bronchial mucosa models developed at the air−liquid interface (bro-ALI). The bro-ALI models were generated using human primary bronchial epithelial cells (3−4 donors; 2 replicates per donor). The exposure regime included the following: 1. DEP (12.5 µg/cm2; 3 min/day, 3 days); 2. low gaseous (NO2: 0.1 ppm + SO2: 0.2 ppm); (30 min/day, 3 days); 3. high gaseous (NO2: 0.2 ppm + SO2: 0.4 ppm) (30 min/day, 3 days); and 4. single combined (DEP + low gaseous for 1 day). The markers for pro-inflammatory (IL8, IL6, NFKB, TNF), oxidative stress (HMOX1, GSTA1, SOD3,) and tissue injury/repair (MMP9, TIMP1) responses were assessed at transcriptional and/ or secreted protein levels following exposure. The corresponding sham-exposed samples under identical conditions served as the control. A non-parametric statistical analysis was performed and p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Repeated exposure to DEP and single combined (DEP + low gaseous) exposure showed significant alteration in the pro-inflammatory, oxidative stress and tissue injury responses compared to repeated exposures to gaseous air pollutants. The study demonstrates that it is feasible to predict the long-term effects of air pollutants using the above explained exposure system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Upadhyay
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (L.P.); Tel.:+46-85-2487930 (S.U.); +46-8-524-822-10 (L.P.)
| | - Ashesh Chakraborty
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Tania A. Thimraj
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Marialuisa Baldi
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | | | - Koustav Ganguly
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Per Gerde
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Lena Ernstgård
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
| | - Lena Palmberg
- Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.C.); (T.A.T.); (M.B.); (K.G.); (P.G.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence: (S.U.); (L.P.); Tel.:+46-85-2487930 (S.U.); +46-8-524-822-10 (L.P.)
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Kim MJ, Kang JY, Kim JM, Moon JH, Lee HL, Jeong HR, Go MJ, Lee U, Heo HJ. Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Eucommia ulmoides Leaves on PM 2.5-Induced Inflammation and Cognitive Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7157444. [PMID: 35607702 PMCID: PMC9124148 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7157444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of the ethyl acetate from Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EFEL) on PM2.5-induced cognitive impairment in BALB/c mice. EFEL improved PM2.5-induced cognitive decline by improving spontaneous alternative behavioral and long-term memory ability. EFEL increased ferric reducing activity power (FRAP) in serum. In addition, EFEL increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents and inhibited the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung and brain tissues. EFEL also restored the mitochondrial function by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) level, and ATP level in lung and brain tissues. EFEL ameliorated the cholinergic system by regulating the acetylcholine (ACh) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain tissue and the expression of AChE and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the whole brain and hippocampal tissues. EFEL reduced PM2.5-induced excessive expression of inflammatory protein related to the lung, whole brain, olfactory bulb, and hippocampus. Physiological compounds of EFEL were identified as 5-O-caffeolyquinic acid, rutin, quercetin, and quercetin glycosides. As a result, EFEL has anti-inflammation and anti-amnesic effect on PM2.5-induced cognitive impairment by regulating the inflammation and inhibiting the lung and brain tissue dysfunction, and its effect is considered to be due to the physiological compounds of EFEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- World Institute of Kimchi an Annex of Korea Food Research Institute, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Lim Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rin Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Go
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Uk Lee
- Division of Special Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon 16631, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Chen X, Kim DI, Moon HG, Chu M, Lee K. Coconut Oil Alleviates the Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammatory Response via Regulating the MAPK Pathway in Particulate Matter-Stimulated Alveolar Macrophages. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092898. [PMID: 35566249 PMCID: PMC9105152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is related to various respiratory diseases, and this affects the respiratory immune system. Alveolar macrophages (AMs), which are defenders against pathogens, play a key role in respiratory inflammation through cytokine production and cellular interactions. Coconut oil demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is consumed worldwide for improved health. However, reports on the protective effects of coconut oil on the PM-induced respiratory immune system, especially in AMs, are limited. In this study, we generated artificial PM (APM) with a diameter approximately of 30 nm by controlling the temperature, and compared its cytotoxicity with diesel exhaust particles (DEP). We also investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of coconut oil in APM− and DEP−stimulated AMs, and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that APM and DEP had high cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in AMs. In particular, APM or DEP at 100 μg/mL significantly decreased cell viability (p < 0.05) and significantly increased oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (p < 0.01); the GSSH/GSH ratio (p < 0.01); and cytokine production, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (p < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.001), and IL-6 (p < 0.001). The expression of the genes for chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-1 (p < 0.05) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (p < 0.001); and the proteins toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (p < 0.01), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p < 0.001), p38 (p < 0.001); and extracellular receptor-activated kinase (p < 0.001), were also upregulated by PM. These parameters were reversed upon treatment with coconut oil in APM− or DEP−stimulated AMs. In conclusion, coconut oil can reduce APM− or DEP−induced inflammation by regulating the TLR4/MAPK pathway in AMs, and it may protect against adverse respiratory effects caused by PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Chen
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Dong Im Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
| | - Hi-Gyu Moon
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
| | - Minchul Chu
- Greensol Co., Ltd., 89-26, Jimok-ro, Paju-si 10880, Korea;
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center for Airborne Risk Factor, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30 Baehak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea; (X.C.); (D.I.K.); (H.-G.M.)
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +82-63-570-8740
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