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Bai NA, Richardson CS. Posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A systematic review and comparison of pathogenesis. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:183-190. [PMID: 37711861 PMCID: PMC10497844 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne illness in the United States and has been causing significant morbidity since its discovery in 1977. It is well-documented that about 10% of patients properly treated with antibiotics never fully recover, but instead go on to develop a chronic illness dubbed, posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS) characterized by severe fatigue, cognitive slowing, chronic pain, and sleep difficulties. This review includes 18 studies that detail the symptoms of patients with PTLDS and uses qualitative analysis to compare them to myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), a strikingly similar syndrome. In the majority of the PTLDS studies, at least four of the six major symptoms of ME/CFS were also noted, including substantial impairment in activity level and fatigue for more than 6 months, post-exertional malaise, and unrefreshing sleep. In one of the included PTLDS articles, 26 of the 29 ME/CFS symptoms were noted. This study adds to the expanding literature on the post-active phase of infection syndromes, which suggests that chronic illnesses such as PTLDS and ME/CFS have similar pathogenesis despite different infectious origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A. Bai
- Department of PsychiatryRowan‐Virtua School of Osteopathic MedicineMount LaurelNew JerseyUSA
| | - Christie S. Richardson
- Department of PsychiatryRowan‐Virtua School of Osteopathic MedicineMount LaurelNew JerseyUSA
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2
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Wang J, Yang J, Xia W, Zhang M, Tang H, Wang K, Zhou C, Qian L, Fan Y. Escherichia coli enhances Th17/Treg imbalance via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in oral lichen planus. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110175. [PMID: 37058754 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated immunoinflammatory disease. Several studies have proposed that Escherichia coli (E. coli) may participate in the progress of OLP. In this study, we examined the functional role of E. coli and its supernatant via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappab (NF-κB) signaling pathway in regulating T helper (Th) 17/ regulatory T (Treg) balance and related cytokines and chemokines profile in OLP immune microenvironment. We discovered that E. coli and supernatant could activate the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and OLP-derived T cells and increase the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 17 and CCL20, thereby increasing the expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (RoRγt) and the proportion of Th17 cells. Furthermore, the co-culture experiment revealed that HOKs treated with E. coli and supernatant increased T cell proliferation and migration, which promoted HOKs apoptosis. TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242) successfully reversed the effect of E. coli and its supernatant. Consequently, E. coli and supernatant activated the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in HOKs and OLP-derived T cells, leading to increased cytokines and chemokines expression and Th17/Treg imbalance in OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhui Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haonan Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Qian
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Tveita A, Murphy SL, Holter JC, Kildal AB, Michelsen AE, Lerum TV, Kaarbø M, Heggelund L, Holten AR, Finbråten AK, Müller KE, Mathiessen A, Bøe S, Fevang B, Granerud BK, Tonby K, Lind A, Dudman SG, Henriksen KN, Müller F, Skjønsberg OH, Trøseid M, Barratt-Due A, Dyrhol-Riise AM, Aukrust P, Halvorsen B, Dahl TB, Ueland T. High Circulating Levels of the Homeostatic Chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 Predict Mortality and Disease Severity in COVID-19. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:2150-2160. [PMID: 35876699 PMCID: PMC9384496 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune dysregulation is a major factor in the development of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 have been implicated as mediators of tissue inflammation, but data on their regulation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is limited. We thus investigated the levels of these chemokines in COVID-19 patients. METHODS Serial blood samples were obtained from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (n = 414). Circulating CCL19 and CCL21 levels during hospitalization and 3-month follow-up were analyzed. In vitro assays and analysis of RNAseq data from public repositories were performed to further explore possible regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS A consistent increase in circulating levels of CCL19 and CCL21 was observed, with high levels correlating with disease severity measures, including respiratory failure, need for intensive care, and 60-day all-cause mortality. High levels of CCL21 at admission were associated with persisting impairment of pulmonary function at the 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight CCL19 and CCL21 as markers of immune dysregulation in COVID-19. This may reflect aberrant regulation triggered by tissue inflammation, as observed in other chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Determination of the source and regulation of these chemokines and their effects on lung tissue is warranted to further clarify their role in COVID-19. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT04321616 and NCT04381819.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Tveita
- Correspondence: Anders Tveita, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bærum Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, 1346 Gjettum, Norway ()
| | | | | | - Anders Benjamin Kildal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tøri Vigeland Lerum
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Kaarbø
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Department of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway,Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aleksander Rygh Holten
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Karl Erik Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | | | - Simen Bøe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hammerfest County Hospital, Hammerfest, Norway
| | - Børre Fevang
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Kiland Granerud
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tonby
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Lind
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Gjeruldsen Dudman
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katerina Nezvalova Henriksen
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Hospital Pharmacies, South-Eastern Norway Enterprise, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Müller
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Henning Skjønsberg
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marius Trøseid
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Barratt-Due
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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4
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Jin K, Bardes EE, Mitelpunkt A, Wang JY, Bhatnagar S, Sengupta S, Krummel DP, Rothenberg ME, Aronow BJ. An interactive single cell web portal identifies gene and cell networks in COVID-19 host responses. iScience 2021; 24:103115. [PMID: 34522848 PMCID: PMC8428985 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have provided single-cell transcriptome profiles of host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Critically lacking however is a data mine that allows users to compare and explore cell profiles to gain insights and develop new hypotheses. To accomplish this, we harmonized datasets from COVID-19 and other control condition blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and tissue samples, and derived a compendium of gene signature modules per cell type, subtype, clinical condition, and compartment. We demonstrate approaches to interacting with, exploring, and functional evaluating these modules via a new interactive web portal ToppCell (http://toppcell.cchmc.org/). As examples, we develop three hypotheses: (1) alternatively-differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages form a multicelllar signaling cascade that drives T cell recruitment and activation; (2) COVID-19-generated platelet subtypes exhibit dramatically altered potential to adhere, coagulate, and thrombose; and (3) extrafollicular B maturation is driven by a multilineage cell activation network that expresses an ensemble of genes strongly associated with risk for developing post-viral autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jin
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Eric E Bardes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alexis Mitelpunkt
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Pediatric Rehabilitation, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Jake Y Wang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Surbhi Bhatnagar
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45256, USA
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5
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Kuwabara T, Ishikawa F, Ikeda M, Ide T, Kohwi-Shigematsu T, Tanaka Y, Kondo M. SATB1-dependent mitochondrial ROS production controls TCR signaling in CD4 T cells. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/11/e202101093. [PMID: 34583974 PMCID: PMC8500228 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SATB1 regulates mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A. SATB1-mediated ROS production is necessary for TCR stimulation and T-cell function. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 (SATB1) is localized to the nucleus and remodels chromatin structure in T cells. SATB1-deficient CD4 T cells cannot respond to TCR stimulation; however, the cause of this unresponsiveness is to be clarified. Here, we demonstrate that SATB1 is indispensable to proper mitochondrial functioning and necessary for the activation of signal cascades via the TCR in CD4 T cells. Naïve SATB1-deficient CD4 T cells contain fewer mitochondria than WT T cells, as the former do not express mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Impaired mitochondrial function in SATB1-deficient T cells subverts mitochondrial ROS production and SHP-1 inactivation by constitutive oxidization. Ectopic TFAM expression increases mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial ROS production and rescues defects in the antigen-specific response in the SATB1-deficient T cells. Thus, SATB1 is vital for maintaining mitochondrial mass and function by regulating TFAM expression, which is necessary for TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kuwabara
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ide
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terumi Kohwi-Shigematsu
- Department of Orofacial Science, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuriko Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonari Kondo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Bobe JR, Jutras BL, Horn EJ, Embers ME, Bailey A, Moritz RL, Zhang Y, Soloski MJ, Ostfeld RS, Marconi RT, Aucott J, Ma'ayan A, Keesing F, Lewis K, Ben Mamoun C, Rebman AW, McClune ME, Breitschwerdt EB, Reddy PJ, Maggi R, Yang F, Nemser B, Ozcan A, Garner O, Di Carlo D, Ballard Z, Joung HA, Garcia-Romeu A, Griffiths RR, Baumgarth N, Fallon BA. Recent Progress in Lyme Disease and Remaining Challenges. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:666554. [PMID: 34485323 PMCID: PMC8416313 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.666554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (also known as Lyme borreliosis) is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States with an estimated 476,000 cases per year. While historically, the long-term impact of Lyme disease on patients has been controversial, mounting evidence supports the idea that a substantial number of patients experience persistent symptoms following treatment. The research community has largely lacked the necessary funding to properly advance the scientific and clinical understanding of the disease, or to develop and evaluate innovative approaches for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Given the many outstanding questions raised into the diagnosis, clinical presentation and treatment of Lyme disease, and the underlying molecular mechanisms that trigger persistent disease, there is an urgent need for more support. This review article summarizes progress over the past 5 years in our understanding of Lyme and tick-borne diseases in the United States and highlights remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Bobe
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brandon L. Jutras
- Department of Biochemistry, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Monica E. Embers
- Tulane University Health Sciences, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Allison Bailey
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mark J. Soloski
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lyme Disease Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Richard T. Marconi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - John Aucott
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lyme Disease Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Kim Lewis
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Alison W. Rebman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lyme Disease Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mecaila E. McClune
- Department of Biochemistry, Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Edward B. Breitschwerdt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | | | - Ricardo Maggi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Frank Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bennett Nemser
- Steven & Alexandra Cohen Foundation, Stamford, CT, United States
| | - Aydogan Ozcan
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omai Garner
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zachary Ballard
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hyou-Arm Joung
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Albert Garcia-Romeu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roland R. Griffiths
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases and the Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Brian A. Fallon
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Brandum EP, Jørgensen AS, Rosenkilde MM, Hjortø GM. Dendritic Cells and CCR7 Expression: An Important Factor for Autoimmune Diseases, Chronic Inflammation, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158340. [PMID: 34361107 PMCID: PMC8348795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotactic cytokines-chemokines-control immune cell migration in the process of initiation and resolution of inflammatory conditions as part of the body's defense system. Many chemokines also participate in pathological processes leading up to and exacerbating the inflammatory state characterizing chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of dendritic cells (DCs) and the central chemokine receptor CCR7 in the initiation and sustainment of selected chronic inflammatory diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriasis. We revisit the binary role that CCR7 plays in combatting and progressing cancer, and we discuss how CCR7 and DCs can be harnessed for the treatment of cancer. To provide the necessary background, we review the differential roles of the natural ligands of CCR7, CCL19, and CCL21 and how they direct the mobilization of activated DCs to lymphoid organs and control the formation of associated lymphoid tissues (ALTs). We provide an overview of DC subsets and, briefly, elaborate on the different T-cell effector types generated upon DC-T cell priming. In the conclusion, we promote CCR7 as a possible target of future drugs with an antagonistic effect to reduce inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases and an agonistic effect for boosting the reactivation of the immune system against cancer in cell-based and/or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based anti-cancer therapy.
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8
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Jin K, Bardes EE, Mitelpunkt A, Wang JY, Bhatnagar S, Sengupta S, Krummel DP, Rothenberg ME, Aronow BJ. Implicating Gene and Cell Networks Responsible for Differential COVID-19 Host Responses via an Interactive Single Cell Web Portal. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.06.07.447287. [PMID: 34127975 PMCID: PMC8202427 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.07.447287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have provided single-cell transcriptome profiles of host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Critically lacking however is a datamine that allows users to compare and explore cell profiles to gain insights and develop new hypotheses. To accomplish this, we harmonized datasets from COVID-19 and other control condition blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and tissue samples, and derived a compendium of gene signature modules per cell type, subtype, clinical condition, and compartment. We demonstrate approaches to probe these via a new interactive web portal (http://toppcell.cchmc.org/COVID-19). As examples, we develop three hypotheses: (1) a multicellular signaling cascade among alternatively differentiated monocyte-derived macrophages whose tasks include T cell recruitment and activation; (2) novel platelet subtypes with drastically modulated expression of genes responsible for adhesion, coagulation and thrombosis; and (3) a multilineage cell activator network able to drive extrafollicular B maturation via an ensemble of genes strongly associated with risk for developing post-viral autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jin
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Eric E. Bardes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Alexis Mitelpunkt
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Pediatric Rehabilitation, Dana-Dwek Children’s Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Jake Y. Wang
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Surbhi Bhatnagar
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Marc E. Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Bruce J. Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45256, USA
- Lead contact
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9
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Ghareghani M, Ghanbari A, Eid A, Shaito A, Mohamed W, Mondello S, Zibara K. Hormones in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:164-189. [PMID: 34046214 PMCID: PMC8134801 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which activated immune cells attack the CNS and cause inflammation and demyelination. While the etiology of MS is still largely unknown, the interaction between hormones and the immune system plays a role in disease progression, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are incompletely understood. Several in vitro and in vivo experimental, but also clinical studies, have addressed the possible role of the endocrine system in susceptibility and severity of autoimmune diseases. Although there are several demyelinating models, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the oldest and most commonly used model for MS in laboratory animals which enables researchers to translate their findings from EAE into human. Evidences imply that there is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction, and the response to various immunological or pharmacological interventions, which led to conflicting results on the role of specific hormones in the EAE model. In this review, we address the role of endocrine system in EAE model to provide a comprehensive view and a better understanding of the interactions between the endocrine and the immune systems in various models of EAE, to open up a ground for further detailed studies in this field by considering and comparing the results and models used in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Amir Ghanbari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Eid
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit and Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdullah Shaito
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wael Mohamed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Kazem Zibara
- PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences – I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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10
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Luo R, Cheng Y, Chang D, Liu T, Liu L, Pei G, Zhang N, Wang Z, Guo K, Chen W, Li M, Fan L, Zhang C, Li Y, Dai W, Zuo M, Xu Y, Yao Y, Ge S, Xu G. Tertiary lymphoid organs are associated with the progression of kidney damage and regulated by interleukin-17A. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:117-131. [PMID: 33391465 PMCID: PMC7681089 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) occur after multiple chronic kidney injuries. interleukin-17A (IL-17A) has been reported to associate with the development of TLOs in inflammatory diseases. However, regulation of the renal TLOs and its clinical significance to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney injury are unknown. Methods: To evaluate the clinical significance and regulation of renal TLOs, we analyzed the progression of patients with kidney damage based on the existence and absence of TLOs in a larger multicenter cohort. We also blocked the recruitment of lymphocyte cells into the kidney by FTY720 (fingolimod) in vivo. Besides, we used aged IL-17A genetic knocked out mice and IL-17A-neutralizing antibody to explore the role of IL-17A in renal TLOs formation. Results: We demonstrated that renal TLOs of IgA nephropathy patients were associated with disease severity and were independent risk factors for renal progression after adjustment for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, proteinuria and, baseline eGFR and MEST-C score, especially in the early stage. Plasma levels of TLO-related chemokines CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21 were higher in patients with renal TLOs. Inhibiting the formation of renal TLOs by FTY720 could reduce the intrarenal inflammation and fibrosis, and early intervention was found to be more effective. IL-17A was increased in renal TLOs models, and genetic depletion of IL-17A or treatment with anti-IL-17A antibody resulted in a marked reduction of the TLOs formation as well as alleviation of renal inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusion: These results indicate that TLOs are associated with the progression of kidney damage and regulated by IL-17A and may be effective targets for the treatment of kidney damage.
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11
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Karpus WJ. Cytokines and Chemokines in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:316-326. [PMID: 31907274 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is a CD4+ T cell-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS that serves as a model for multiple sclerosis. Cytokines and chemokines shape Th1 and Th17 effector responses as well as regulate migration of leukocytes to the CNS during disease. The CNS cellular infiltrate consists of Ag-specific and nonspecific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. The mechanism of immune-mediated inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis has been extensively studied in an effort to develop therapeutic modalities for multiple sclerosis and, indeed, has provided insight in modern drug discovery. The present Brief Review highlights critical pathogenic aspects of cytokines and chemokines involved in generation of effector T cell responses and migration of inflammatory cells to the CNS. Select cytokines and chemokines are certainly important in the regulatory response, which involves T regulatory, B regulatory, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. However, that discussion is beyond the scope of this brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Karpus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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12
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Van Raemdonck K, Umar S, Palasiewicz K, Volkov S, Volin MV, Arami S, Chang HJ, Zanotti B, Sweiss N, Shahrara S. CCL21/CCR7 signaling in macrophages promotes joint inflammation and Th17-mediated osteoclast formation in rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1387-1399. [PMID: 31342120 PMCID: PMC10040247 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03235-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovial tissue abundantly expresses CCL21, a chemokine strongly associated with RA susceptibility. In this study, we aimed to characterize the functional significance of CCL21/CCR7 signaling in different phases of RA pathogenesis. We determined that CCR7 is a hallmark of RA M1 synovial fluid (SF) macrophages, and its expression in RA monocytes and in vitro differentiated macrophages is closely associated with disease activity score (DAS28). In early stages of RA, monocytes infiltrate the synovial tissue. However, blockade of SF CCL21 or CCR7 prevents RA SF-mediated monocyte migration. CCR7 expression in the newly migrated macrophages can be accentuated by LPS and IFNγ and suppressed by IL-4 treatment. We also uncovered that CCL21 stimulation increases the number of M1-polarized macrophages (CD14+CD86+), resulting in elevated transcription of IL-6 and IL-23. These CCL21-induced M1 cytokines differentiate naïve T cells to Th17 cells, without affecting Th1 cell polarization. In the erosive stages of disease, CCL21 potentiates RA osteoclastogenesis through M1-driven Th17 polarization. Disruption of this intricate crosstalk, by blocking IL-6, IL-23, or IL-17 function, impairs the osteoclastogenic capacity of CCL21. Consistent with our in vitro findings, we establish that arthritis mediated by CCL21 expands the joint inflammation to bone erosion by connecting the differentiation of M1 macrophages with Th17 cells. Disease progression is further exacerbated by CCL21-induced neovascularization. We conclude that CCL21 is an attractive novel target for RA therapy, as blockade of its function may abrogate erosive arthritis modulated by M1 macrophages and Th17 cell crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Raemdonck
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, CSB Suite 1114, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sadiq Umar
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, CSB Suite 1114, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Karol Palasiewicz
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, CSB Suite 1114, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Suncica Volkov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, CSB Suite 1114, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael V Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Shiva Arami
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, CSB Suite 1114, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Huan J Chang
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, CSB Suite 1114, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Brian Zanotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, CSB Suite 1114, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, CSB Suite 1114, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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13
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Parikova A, Hruba P, Krediet RT, Krejcik Z, Stranecky V, Striz I, Viklicky O. Long-term peritoneal dialysis treatment provokes activation of genes related to adaptive immunity. Physiol Res 2019; 68:775-783. [PMID: 31424258 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Permanent irritation of the peritoneum during peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment leads to local chronic inflammation and subsequently activation of processes driving fibrogenesis in the long-term. The aim of the study was to compare the peritoneal effluent transcriptome of 20 patients treated less and 13 patients treated more than 2 years using microarray analysis. An increased expression of genes associated with an immune response was observed in long-term treated patients with well preserved peritoneal function, when compared to patients treated less than 2 years. From 100 genes highly expressed in long-term patients, a significant up-regulation of six was found by RT-qPCR: LY9 (lymphocyte antigen 9), TNSFR4 (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4), CD 79A (CD79a molecule), CCR7 (chemokine C-C receptor 7), CEACAM1 (carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1) and IL2RA (interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain). Furthermore, the effluent cell population was analysed. A positive relationship between the number of granulocytes and NK cells on one hand, and duration of PD treatment on the other, was shown. We conclude, that the mechanisms of adaptive immunity promoting T helper 2 cells response are activated in the long-term before functional alterations develop. It consequently might trigger the fibrosis promoting processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parikova
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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14
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Monasterio G, Castillo F, Ibarra JP, Guevara J, Rojas L, Alvarez C, Fernández B, Agüero A, Betancur D, Vernal R. Alveolar bone resorption and Th1/Th17-associated immune response triggered duringAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced experimental periodontitis are serotype-dependent. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1249-1261. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Ibarra
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - José Guevara
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Leticia Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Baltasar Fernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Amaru Agüero
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Daniel Betancur
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Universidad de Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Dentistry Unit; Faculty of Health Sciences; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Santiago Chile
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15
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Lee JC. Microarray analysis after adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells injection in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rats. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:25-37. [PMID: 29892899 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by abrasion, and ultimately, destruction of the articular cartilage and trabecular bone loss. OA is still considered a devastating disease, which requires an aggressive therapeutic approach. Despite the therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs), the molecular parameters needed to define the "stemness" remain largely unknown. Using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays, the differential gene expression profiles between a fraction of human adipose-derived (AD) mononuclear cells and its MSC subpopulation were obtained. Of particular interest was a subset of 58 genes preferentially expressed at sevenfold or higher in the group treated with human AD-MSCs. This subset contained numerous genes involved in the inflammatory response, immune response, lipid metabolism, cell death, cell proliferation, and DNA repair. Additionally, four protein networks were constructed. The interaction network consisted of 46 proteins encoded by up-regulated genes. However, the interaction network also consisted of 38 proteins encoded by down-regulated genes. My results provide a basis for a more reproducible and reliable quality control using genotypic analysis for the definition of human AD-MSCs. Therefore, these results will provide a basis for studies on molecular mechanisms controlling the core properties of human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-Gil, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463707, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Laufer JM, Legler DF. Beyond migration-Chemokines in lymphocyte priming, differentiation, and modulating effector functions. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:301-312. [PMID: 29668063 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr1217-494r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors coordinate the positioning of leukocytes, and lymphocytes in particular, in space and time. Discrete lymphocyte subsets, depending on their activation and differentiation status, express various sets of chemokine receptors to be recruited to distinct tissues. Thus, the network of chemokines and their receptors ensures the correct localization of specialized lymphocyte subsets within the appropriate microenvironment enabling them to search for cognate antigens, to become activated, and to fulfill their effector functions. The chemokine system therefore is vital for the initiation as well as the regulation of immune responses to protect the body from pathogens while maintaining tolerance towards self. Besides the well investigated function of orchestrating directed cell migration, chemokines additionally act on lymphocytes in multiple ways to shape immune responses. In this review, we highlight and discuss the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in controlling cell-to-cell contacts required for lymphocyte arrest on endothelial cells and immunological synapse formation, in lymphocyte priming and differentiation, survival, as well as in modulating effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Laufer
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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17
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Akiba Y, Kuwabara T, Mukozu T, Mikami T, Kondo M. Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 is required for maintenance of T cell receptor responsiveness and development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:255-268. [PMID: 29388727 PMCID: PMC5947310 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The genome organizer special AT‐rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) regulates specific functions through chromatin remodeling in T helper cells. It was recently reported by our team that T cells from SATB1 conditional knockout (SATB1cKO) mice, in which the Satb1 gene is deleted from hematopoietic cells, impair phosphorylation of signaling molecules in response to T cell receptor (TCR) crosslinking. However, in vivo T cell responses upon antigen presentation in the absence of SATB1 remain unclear. In the current study, it was shown that SATB1 modulates T cell antigen responses during the induction and effector phases. Expression of SATB1 was upregulated in response to TCR stimulation, suggesting that SATB1 is important for this antigen response. The role of SATB1 in TCR responses and induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was therefore examined using the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35‐55 (MOG35‐55) and pertussis toxin. SATB1cKO mice were found to be resistant to EAE and had defects in IL‐17‐ and IFN‐γ‐producing pathogenic T cells. Thus, SATB1 expression appears necessary for T cell function in the induction phase. To examine SATB1 function during the effector phase, a tamoxifen‐inducible SATB1 deletion system, SATB1cKO‐ER‐Cre mice, was used. Encephalitogenic T cells from MOG35‐55‐immunized SATB1cKO‐ER‐Cre mice were transferred into healthy mice. Mice that received tamoxifen before the onset of paralysis were resistant to EAE. Furthermore, no disease progression occurred in recipient mice treated with tamoxifen after the onset of EAE. Thus, SATB1 is essential for maintaining TCR responsiveness during the induction and effector phases and may provide a novel therapeutic target for T cell‐mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Akiba
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.,Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Taku Kuwabara
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Takanori Mukozu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Toho University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
| | - Motonari Kondo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
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18
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Belikan P, Bühler U, Wolf C, Pramanik GK, Gollan R, Zipp F, Siffrin V. CCR7 on CD4 + T Cells Plays a Crucial Role in the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2554-2562. [PMID: 29549177 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS. Myelin-specific CD4+ Th lymphocytes are known to play a major role in both MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). CCR7 is a critical element for immune cell trafficking and recirculation, that is, lymph node homing, under homeostatic conditions; blocking CCR7+ central memory cells from egress of lymph nodes is a therapeutic approach in MS. To define the effect of CD4+ T cell-specific constitutive deletion of CCR7 in the priming and effector phase in EAE, we used an active EAE approach in T cell reconstituted Rag1-/- mice, as well as adoptive transfer EAE, in which mice received in vitro-primed CCR7-/- or CCR7+/+ myelin Ag TCR-transgenic 2d2 Th17 cells. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy was applied in living anesthetized mice to monitor the trafficking of CCR7-deficient and wild-type CD4+ T cells in inflammatory lesions within the CNS. We demonstrate that CD4+ T cell-specific constitutive deletion of CCR7 led to impaired induction of active EAE. In adoptive transfer EAE, mice receiving in vitro-primed CCR7-/- 2d2 Th17 cells showed similar disease onset as mice adoptively transferred with CCR7+/+ 2d2 Th17 cells. Using two-photon laser scanning microscopy CCR7-/- and CCR7+/+ CD4+ T cells did not reveal differences in motility in either animal model of MS. These findings indicate a crucial role of CCR7 in neuroinflammation during the priming of autoimmune CD4+ T cells but not in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Belikan
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrike Bühler
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gautam K Pramanik
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - René Gollan
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frauke Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Volker Siffrin
- Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience and Immunotherapy, Rhine Main Neuroscience Network, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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19
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Acetylation regulates the MKK4-JNK pathway in T cell receptor signaling. Immunol Lett 2018; 194:21-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Gu SM, Park MH, Yun HM, Han SB, Oh KW, Son DJ, Yun JS, Hong JT. CCR5 knockout suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15382-93. [PMID: 26985768 PMCID: PMC4941248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which myelin in the spinal cord is damaged. C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is implicated in immune cell migration and cytokine release in central nervous system (CNS). We investigated whether CCR5 plays a role in MS progression using a murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in CCR5 deficient (CCR5-/-) mice. CCR5-/- and CCR5+/+ (wild-type) mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG35-55) followed by pertussis toxin, after which EAE paralysis was scored for 28 days. We found that clinical scoring and EAE neuropathology were lower in CCR5-/- mice than CCR5+/+ mice. Immune cells (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, B cell, NK cell and macrophages) infiltration and astrocytes/microglial activation were attenuated in CCR5-/- mice. Moreover, levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and MCP-1 cytokine levels were decreased in CCR5-/- mice spinal cord. Myelin basic protein (MBP) and CNPase were increased while NG2 and O4 were decreased in CCR5-/- mice, indicating that demyelination was suppressed by CCR5 gene deletion. These findings suggest that CCR5 is likely participating in demyelination in the spinal cord the MS development, and that it could serve as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Gu
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Mun Yun
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Suk Yun
- Pharmacological Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS), Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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21
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The Role of IL-17 and Related Cytokines in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3908061. [PMID: 28316374 PMCID: PMC5337858 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3908061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) induces the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and chemokines such as CXCL1 and CXCL2 and is a cytokine that acts as an inflammation mediator. During infection, IL-17 is needed to eliminate extracellular bacteria and fungi, by inducing antimicrobial peptides such as defensin. This cytokine also plays an important role in chronic inflammation that occurs during the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and allergies such as human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for which a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is available. In autoimmune diseases such as RA and multiple sclerosis (MS), IL-17 is produced by helper T (Th) cells that are stimulated by IL-1β and IL-6 derived from phagocytes such as macrophages and from tissue cells. IL-17 contributes to various lesions that are produced by Th17 cells, one subset of helper T cells, and by γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells. It strongly contributes to autoimmune diseases that are accompanied by chronic inflammation. Thus, a functional understanding of Th17 cells is extremely important. In this review, we highlight the roles of cytokines that promote the development and maintenance of pathogenic Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases.
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22
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Annunziata P, Cioni C, Mugnaini C, Corelli F. Potent immunomodulatory activity of a highly selective cannabinoid CB2 agonist on immune cells from healthy subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 303:66-74. [PMID: 28041663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COR167, a novel CB2-selective high affinity agonist, was found to significantly inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, the proliferation of both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and myelin basic protein-reactive T cell lines from normal healthy subjects and patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, a significantly higher inhibition was observed in patients on treatment with disease modifying drugs compared to those naive to treatment. The inhibitory activity of COR167 was exerted through a mixed mechanism involving atypical and incomplete shift of Th1 phenotype towards Th2 phenotype associated with slight reduction of IL-4 and IL-5 as well as strongly reduced levels of Th17-related cytokines. COR167 was also able to reduce in vitro migration of stimulated immunocompetent cells through human brain endothelium associated with a significant reduction of levels of several chemokines. These findings demonstrate that COR167 exerts potent immunomodulatory effects and confirm the cannabinoid CB2 receptor as a novel pharmacological target to counteract neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Annunziata
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cioni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Mugnaini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federico Corelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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23
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Kuwabara T, Kasai H, Kondo M. Acetylation Modulates IL-2 Receptor Signaling in T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:4334-4343. [PMID: 27799311 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ligand binding to the cognate cytokine receptors activates intracellular signaling by recruiting protein tyrosine kinases and other protein modification enzymes. However, the roles of protein modifications other than phosphorylation remain unclear. In this study, we examine a novel regulatory mechanism of Stat5, based on its acetylation. As for phosphorylation, IL-2 induces the acetylation of signaling molecules, including Stat5, in the murine T cell line CTLL-2. Stat5 is acetylated in the cytoplasm by CREB-binding protein (CBP). Acetylated Lys696 and Lys700 on Stat5 are critical indicators for limited proteolysis, which leads to the generation of a truncated form of Stat5. In turn, the truncated form of Stat5 prevents transcription of the full-length form of Stat5. We also demonstrate that CBP physically associates with the IL-2 receptor β-chain. CBP, found in the nucleus in resting CTLL-2 cells, relocates to the cytoplasm after IL-2 stimulation in an MEK/ERK pathway-dependent manner. Thus, IL-2-mediated acetylation plays an important role in the modulation of cytokine signaling and T cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kuwabara
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan; and
| | - Hirotake Kasai
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Motonari Kondo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan; and
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24
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CCL19 as a Chemokine Risk Factor for Posttreatment Lyme Disease Syndrome: a Prospective Clinical Cohort Study. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:757-66. [PMID: 27358211 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00071-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 10% to 20% of patients optimally treated for early Lyme disease develop persistent symptoms of unknown pathophysiology termed posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). The objective of this study was to investigate associations between PTLDS and immune mediator levels during acute illness and at several time points following treatment. Seventy-six participants with physician-documented erythema migrans and 26 healthy controls with no history of Lyme disease were enrolled. Sixty-four cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory markers were measured at each visit for a total of 6 visits over 1 year. An operationalized definition of PTLDS incorporating symptoms and functional impact was applied at 6 months and 1 year following treatment completion, and clinical outcome groups were defined as the return-to-health, symptoms-only, and PTLDS groups. Significance analysis of microarrays identified 7 of the 64 immune mediators to be differentially regulated by group. Generalized logit regressions controlling for potential confounders identified posttreatment levels of the T-cell chemokine CCL19 to be independently associated with clinical outcome group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified a CCL19 cutoff of >111.67 pg/ml at 1 month following treatment completion to be 82% sensitive and 83% specific for later PTLDS. We speculate that persistently elevated CCL19 levels among participants with PTLDS may reflect ongoing, immune-driven reactions at sites distal to secondary lymphoid tissue. Our findings suggest the relevance of CCL19 both during acute infection and as an immunologic risk factor for PTLDS during the posttreatment phase. Identification of a potential biomarker predictor for PTLDS provides the opportunity to better understand its pathophysiology and to develop early interventions in the context of appropriate and specific clinical information.
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25
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Noack M, Ndongo-Thiam N, Miossec P. Role of podoplanin in the high interleukin-17A secretion resulting from interactions between activated lymphocytes and psoriatic skin-derived mesenchymal cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 186:64-74. [PMID: 27328392 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of psoriasis, T helper type 17 (Th17) cells infiltrate the inflammatory site and interact with local mesenchymal cells, including skin fibroblasts. The aim of this work was to study the interactions of skin-derived fibroblasts with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with a focus on the Th17 pathway and to identify a mechanism which leads to a high interleukin (IL)-17 secretion. A co-culture system between PBMC and skin fibroblasts was developed. Healthy and patient PBMC were added to non-lesional or lesional skin fibroblasts at a 5:1 ratio for 48 h in the presence or not of activation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). Monocytes were removed or not by adherence before the co-culture. An anti-podoplanin antibody was also used during the co-culture. Cytokine production (IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-17) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cell staining (CD3, CD4, IL-17 and podoplanin) by flow cytometry. Without T cell receptor (TCR) activation, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β production increased in PBMC-fibroblast co-culture compared to PBMC alone. No additional effect was observed with TCR activation, with no difference in the Th17 cell percentage in activated-PBMC alone or co-cultured. Conversely, IL-17 production was increased highly only in co-cultures between control and patient activated-PBMC and skin fibroblasts. Removal of monocytes decreased cytokine production, notably that of IL-17. Addition of an anti-podoplanin antibody decreased IL-17 secretion by 60%. Interactions between resting PBMC and fibroblasts induce the IL-8, IL-6 and IL-1β production. PBMC activation and cell interactions are critical for a high IL-17 secretion. Podoplanin contributes largely to this massive IL-17 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Noack
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - N'd Ndongo-Thiam
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - P Miossec
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Immunogenomics and Inflammation Research Unit, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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26
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Korniotis S, Gras C, Letscher H, Montandon R, Mégret J, Siegert S, Ezine S, Fallon PG, Luther SA, Fillatreau S, Zavala F. Treatment of ongoing autoimmune encephalomyelitis with activated B-cell progenitors maturing into regulatory B cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12134. [PMID: 27396388 PMCID: PMC4942579 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of signals perceived by immature B cells during their development in bone marrow on their subsequent functions as mature cells are poorly defined. Here, we show that bone marrow cells transiently stimulated in vivo or in vitro through the Toll-like receptor 9 generate proB cells (CpG-proBs) that interrupt experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) when transferred at the onset of clinical symptoms. Protection requires differentiation of CpG-proBs into mature B cells that home to reactive lymph nodes, where they trap T cells by releasing the CCR7 ligand, CCL19, and to inflamed central nervous system, where they locally limit immunopathogenesis through interleukin-10 production, thereby cooperatively inhibiting ongoing EAE. These data demonstrate that a transient inflammation at the environment, where proB cells develop, is sufficient to confer regulatory functions onto their mature B-cell progeny. In addition, these properties of CpG-proBs open interesting perspectives for cell therapy of autoimmune diseases. Evidence of how functional Bregs develop in vivo has been lacking. Here the authors show that proB cells exposed in vivo to CpG differentiate into distinct Breg subsets that inhibit autoimmunity by arresting T cells in the lymph nodes via CCL19 and by producing IL-10 at the site of immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarantis Korniotis
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology Department, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Site Necker, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France
| | - Christophe Gras
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology Department, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Site Necker, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France
| | - Hélène Letscher
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology Department, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Site Necker, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France
| | - Ruddy Montandon
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology Department, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Site Necker, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France
| | - Jérôme Mégret
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Site Necker, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US 24, CNRS UMS 3633, Paris 75014, France
| | - Stefanie Siegert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Ezine
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology Department, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Site Necker, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- Department of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sanjiv A Luther
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges 1066, Switzerland
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology Department, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Site Necker, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France.,Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris 75015, France.,Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Chariteplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Flora Zavala
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology Department, Inserm U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine Site Necker, 14 rue Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, CS 61431, Paris 75014, France
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27
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Barthelmes J, Tafferner N, Kurz J, de Bruin N, Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G, Schiffmann S. Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27214391 DOI: 10.3791/53933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is presumed to be an inflammatory autoimmune disease, which is characterized by lesion formation in the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in cognitive and motor impairment. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a useful animal model of MS, because it is also characterized by lesion formation in the CNS, motor impairment and is also driven by autoimmune and inflammatory reactions. One of the EAE models is induced with a peptide derived from the myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG)35-55 in mice. The EAE mice develop a progressive disease course. This course is divided into three phases: the preclinical phase (day 0 - 9), the disease onset (day 10 - 11) and the acute phase (day 12 - 14). MS and EAE are induced by autoreactive T cells that infiltrate the CNS. These T cells secrete chemokines and cytokines which lead to the recruitment of further immune cells. Therefore, the immune cell distribution in the spinal cord during the three disease phases was investigated. To highlight the time point of the disease at which the activation/proliferation/accumulation of T cells, B cells and monocytes starts, the immune cell distribution in lymph nodes, spleen and blood was also assessed. Furthermore, the levels of several cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, TNFα, IFNγ) in the three disease phases were determined, to gain insight into the inflammatory processes of the disease. In conclusion, the data provide an overview of the functional profile of immune cells during EAE pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barthelmes
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt
| | - Nadja Tafferner
- Project Group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology, Fraunhofer IME
| | - Jennifer Kurz
- Project Group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology, Fraunhofer IME
| | - Natasja de Bruin
- Project Group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology, Fraunhofer IME
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Project Group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology, Fraunhofer IME
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Project Group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology, Fraunhofer IME;
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28
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Luo H, Broux B, Wang X, Hu Y, Ghannam S, Jin W, Larochelle C, Prat A, Wu J. EphrinB1 and EphrinB2 regulate T cell chemotaxis and migration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:292-306. [PMID: 27039370 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are believed to be key effector cells in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we examined the roles of T cell ephrinB1 (EFNB1) and ephrinB2 (EFNB2) in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS. We provide evidence that animals with T cell specific double deletion of EFNB1 and EFNB2 (dKO) have reduced proliferation in response to MOG35-55, defective Th1 and Th17 differentiations and significantly lower scores of MOG-induced EAE. We further demonstrate that dKO T cells are compromised in their ability to migrate into the CNS of EAE animals in vivo and towards multiple chemokines in vitro. Using deletion mutations, we identified a critical 11-aa EFNB1 intracellular domain segment that controls T cell chemotaxis towards CCL21. In humans, EFNB1 and EFNB2 are highly expressed in Th1 and Th17 cells and EFNB1- and EFNB2-expressing T cells are found among immune cell infiltrates in MS lesions. Reverse signaling through EFNB1 and EFNB2 in human Th17 cells enhances their migration through a monolayer of blood brain barrier endothelial cells. Our study demonstrates that expression of EFNB1 and EFNB2 is implicated in Th cell differentiation and migration to inflammatory sites in both EAE and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Luo
- The Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center e (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Bieke Broux
- The Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center e (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute and transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Agoralaan building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Xuehai Wang
- The Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center e (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Yan Hu
- The Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center e (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Soufiane Ghannam
- The Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center e (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Wei Jin
- The Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center e (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- The Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center e (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- The Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center e (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jiangping Wu
- The Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital Center e (CRCHUM), 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 900 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal H2X 0A9, Québec, Canada.
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29
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Gao Q, Zhang Y, Han C, Hu X, Zhang H, Xu X, Tian J, Liu Y, Ding Y, Liu J, Wang C, Guo Z, Yang Y, Cao X. Blockade of CD47 ameliorates autoimmune inflammation in CNS by suppressing IL-1-triggered infiltration of pathogenic Th17 cells. J Autoimmun 2016; 69:74-85. [PMID: 26994903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The migration of Th17 cells into central nervous system (CNS) tissue is the key pathogenic step in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. However, the mechanism underlying the pathogenic Th17 cell migration remains elusive. Here we report that blockade of CD47 with CD47-Fc fusion protein is effective in preventing and curing EAE by impairing infiltration of Th17 cells into CNS. However, CD47 deficiency does not directly impair the migration of Th17 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that CD47 deficiency inhibited degradation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in proteasome of macrophages by Src activation and led to the increased nitric oxide (NO) production. Then NO suppressed inflammasome activation-induced IL-1β production. This lower IL-1β reduces the expression of IL-1R1 and migration-related chemokine receptors on CD47(-/-) Th17 cells, inhibiting the ability of Th17 cells to infiltrate into the CNS of CD47(-/-) mice and therefore suppressing EAE development. In vivo administration of exogenous IL-1β indeed promoted the infiltration CD47(-/-) Th17 cells into CNS and antagonized the protective role of CD47 deficiency in EAE pathogenesis. Our results demonstrate a potential preventive and therapeutic application of CD47 blockade in controlling EAE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangguo Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chaofeng Han
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiongfei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiqi Liu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ding
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhenhong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongguang Yang
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology & Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China; National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology & Department of Immunology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China; Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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30
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Alvarez C, Benítez A, Rojas L, Pujol M, Carvajal P, Díaz-Zúñiga J, Vernal R. Differential expression of CC chemokines (CCLs) and receptors (CCRs) by human T lymphocytes in response to different Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 23:580-90. [PMID: 26814460 PMCID: PMC4716696 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, different serotypes have been described based on LPS antigenicity. Recently, our research group has reported a differential immunogenicity when T lymphocytes were stimulated with these different serotypes. In particular, it was demonstrated that the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans has a stronger capacity to trigger Th1- and Th17-type cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Benítez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leticia Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myriam Pujol
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Departamento de Odontología Conservadora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Departamento de Odontología Conservadora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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31
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Aldahlawi AM, Elshal MF, Damiaiti LA, Damanhori LH, Bahlas SM. Analysis of CD95 and CCR7 expression on circulating CD4(+) lymphocytes revealed disparate immunoregulatory potentials in systemic lupus erythematosus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 23:101-7. [PMID: 26858545 PMCID: PMC4705260 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data have implicated a critical role for CD4 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was designed to delineate the contribution of CD4(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of SLE disease. Forty-four patients (3 male: 41 female) and 20 healthy volunteers (4 male: 16 female) were included in the study. CD4(+) lymphocytes analysis was done using three-color flow cytometry with antibodies against human-CD95, a prototype cell death receptor, and the chemokine receptor-7 (CCR7) after gating for lymphocytes based on the forward and side scatter. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines were assayed using ELISA. Disease activity was assessed using the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). Based on the expression of CCR7 and CD95, CD4(+) lymphocytes were subdivided into three particular subsets; CD4(+)CD95(+)CCR7(+) cells, CD4(+)CD95(-)CCR7(+) cells and CD4(+)CD95(+)CCR7(-) cells. Percentage of CD4(+)CD95(+)CCR7(+) cell subset was significantly higher in patients with SLE with active disease (SLEDAI > 6) and inactive (SLEDAI < 6) as compared with controls (P = 0.005), and it showed a significant positive correlation with ANA titer (P = 0.01), and a negative correlation with WBCs count (P = 0.001). CD4(+)CD95(+)CCR7(-) cell subset was significantly higher in active SLE patients in comparison to patients with inactive disease and controls (P = 0.05, P = 0.005 respectively), and it correlates positively with SLEDAI, IL-6 and IL-17 levels (P = 0.001, 0.05, 0.01 respectively), and negatively with blood WBCs counts (P = 0.001). The third CD4(+)CD95(-)CCR7(+)cell subset was found significantly lower in SLE patients compared with controls, and it was found negatively correlated with IL-10, IL-6, and IL-17. The results show that CD4(+)CD95(+)subset lacking expression of CCR7 is associated with cell mediated inflammatory response as manifested by its correlation with signs of inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and disease activity index. Whereas, CD4(+)CD95(+)CCR7(+) correlate more with antibody immune responses as manifested by association with serum ANA. These data suggest disparate roles of these cell subsets in the pathophysiology of SLE. A better understanding of the characteristics of CD4 cell subsets may shed light on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M. Aldahlawi
- Biological Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Elshal
- Biochemistry Department – Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Egypt
| | - Laila A. Damiaiti
- Biological Sciences Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila H. Damanhori
- Laboratory Technology Department – Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami M. Bahlas
- Rheumatology Unit, Internal Medicines Department – Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Witte S, Bradley A, Enright AJ, Muljo SA. High-density P300 enhancers control cell state transitions. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:903. [PMID: 26546038 PMCID: PMC4636788 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcriptional enhancers are frequently bound by a set of transcription factors that collaborate to activate lineage-specific gene expression. Recently, it was appreciated that a subset of enhancers comprise extended clusters dubbed stretch- or super-enhancers (SEs). These SEs are located near key cell identity genes, and enriched for non-coding genetic variations associated with disease. Previously, SEs have been defined as having the highest density of Med1, Brd4 or H3K27ac by ChIP-seq. The histone acetyltransferase P300 has been used as a marker of enhancers, but little is known about its binding to SEs. Results We establish that P300 marks a similar SE repertoire in embryonic stem cells as previously reported using Med1 and H3K27ac. We also exemplify a role for SEs in mouse T helper cell fate decision. Similarly, upon activation of macrophages by bacterial endotoxin, we found that many SE-associated genes encode inflammatory proteins that are strongly up-regulated. These SEs arise from small, low-density enhancers in unstimulated macrophages. We also identified expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in human monocytes that lie within such SEs. In macrophages and Th17 cells, inflammatory SEs can be perturbed either genetically or pharmacologically thus revealing new avenues to target inflammation. Conclusions Our findings support the notion that P300-marked SEs can help identify key nodes of transcriptional control during cell fate decisions. The SE landscape changes drastically during cell differentiation and cell activation. As these processes are crucial in immune responses, SEs may be useful in revealing novel targets for treating inflammatory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1905-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Witte
- Integrative Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Allan Bradley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Anton J Enright
- EMBL - European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Stefan A Muljo
- Integrative Immunobiology Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Qi Y, Li X, Zhang Q, Huang F, Lin D, Zhou Y, Hong J, Cui B, Wang W, Ning G, Wang S. Increased chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 expression and its correlation with osteopontin in Graves' disease. Endocrine 2015; 50:123-9. [PMID: 25771884 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is a chronic autoimmune process characterized by the production of auto-antibodies that presumably consequent to the lymphocytic infiltrates in the thyroid. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) is important for the circulation of CC-chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7)-expressing cells. Meanwhile, osteopontin (OPN) enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines through NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in GD. Although CCL21 has been reported to play a vital role in several autoimmune diseases, little is known about the relationship between CCL21 and GD development. This study aimed to detect the CCL21 level in GD and to examine the role of OPN in regulating CCL21 production. 40 initial GD patients, 15 euthyroid GD patients, 12 TRAb-negative GD patients, and 25 healthy control donors were recruited. CCL21 levels in plasma and culture supernatants were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CD4+ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using antibody-coated magnetic beads. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine CCL21 expression levels in CD4+ T cells. We demonstrated for the first time that plasma CCL21 levels were overexpressed in GD patients and recovered in TRAb-negative GD patients. Moreover, CCL21 levels correlated with TRAb levels and plasma OPN concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that recombinant OPN increased the expression of CCL21 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These data indicated a clinical correlation between plasma CCL21 levels and GD. CCL21 could serve as a novel biomarker for GD as well as a potential target for TRAb-positive GD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Qi
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Bielecki B, Jatczak-Pawlik I, Wolinski P, Bednarek A, Glabinski A. Central Nervous System and Peripheral Expression of CCL19, CCL21 and Their Receptor CCR7 in Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 63:367-76. [PMID: 25957582 PMCID: PMC4572056 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that inflammatory chemokines play a significant role in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Recently, the involvement of homeostatic (or lymphoid) chemokines in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has become an object of intensive study. In this work, quantitative analysis of CCL19, CCL21 and CCR7 expression in the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in inflammatory mononuclear cells isolated from several organs during the first attack, remission and the second attack of chronic-relapsing EAE (ChREAE), was performed. Using real-time PCR, RNAse Protection Assay and immunohistochemistry, the expression of both chemokines, as well as of their common receptor CCR7, was analyzed in the brain, spleen, lymph nodes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Increased expression of CCL19 and CCL21 was observed mostly in mononuclear inflammatory cells isolated from the CNS during active ChREAE. At the same time the expression of CCR7 in blood mononuclear leukocytes was reduced. This observation extends our current knowledge about the possible role of chemokines CCL19, CCL21 and their receptor CCR7 in the pathogenesis of ChREAE and, by extension, MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bielecki
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
- U1195 Inserm and University Paris-Sud, 80 General Leclerc st., 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
| | | | - Pawel Wolinski
- Department of Propedeutics of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Cancerogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Glabinski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Propedeutics of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Barthelmes J, de Bazo AM, Pewzner-Jung Y, Schmitz K, Mayer CA, Foerch C, Eberle M, Tafferner N, Ferreirós N, Henke M, Geisslinger G, Futerman AH, Grösch S, Schiffmann S. Lack of ceramide synthase 2 suppresses the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by impairing the migratory capacity of neutrophils. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 46:280-92. [PMID: 25697397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide synthases (CerS) synthesise ceramides of defined acyl chain lengths, which are thought to mediate cellular processes in a chain length-dependent manner. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), we observed a significant elevation of CerS2 and its products, C24-ceramides, in CD11b(+) cells (monocytes and neutrophils) isolated from blood. This result correlates with the clinical finding that CerS2 mRNA expression and C24-ceramide levels were significantly increased by 2.2- and 1.5-fold, respectively, in white blood cells of MS patients. The increased CerS2 mRNA/C24-ceramide expression in neutrophils/monocytes seems to mediate pro-inflammatory effects, since a specific genetic deletion of CerS2 in blood cells or a total genetic deletion of CerS2 significantly delayed the onset of clinical symptoms, due to a reduced infiltration of immune cells, in particular neutrophils, into the central nervous system. CXCR2 chemokine receptors, expressed on neutrophils, promote the migration of neutrophils into the central nervous system, which is a prerequisite for the recruitment of further immune cells and the inflammatory process that leads to the development of MS. Interestingly, neutrophils isolated from CerS2 null EAE mice, as opposed to WT EAE mice, were characterised by significantly lower CXCR2 receptor mRNA expression resulting in their reduced migratory capacity towards CXCL2. Most importantly, G-CSF-induced CXCR2 expression was significantly reduced in CerS2 null neutrophils and their migratory capacity was significantly impaired. In conclusion, our data strongly indicate that G-CSF-induced CXCR2 expression is regulated in a CerS2-dependent manner and that CerS2 thereby promotes the migration of neutrophils, thus, contributing to inflammation and the development of EAE and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Barthelmes
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anika Männer de Bazo
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Yael Pewzner-Jung
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christoph A Mayer
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christian Foerch
- Department of Neurology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Max Eberle
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nadja Tafferner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Nerea Ferreirós
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Marina Henke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (TMP), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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Mangalam AK, Luo N, Luckey D, Papke L, Hubbard A, Wussow A, Smart M, Giri S, Rodriguez M, David C. Absence of IFN-γ increases brain pathology in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-susceptible DRB1*0301.DQ8 HLA transgenic mice through secretion of proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 and induction of pathogenic monocytes/microglia into the central nervous system. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4859-70. [PMID: 25339670 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the CNS of presumed autoimmune origin. Of all the genetic factors linked with multiple sclerosis, MHC class II molecules have the strongest association. Generation of HLA class II transgenic (Tg) mice has helped to elucidate the role of HLA class II genes in chronic inflammatory and demyelinating diseases. We have shown that the human HLA-DRB1*0301 gene predisposes to proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), whereas HLA-DQβ1*0601 (DQ6) was resistant. We also showed that the DQ6 molecule protects from EAE in DRB1*0301.DQ6 double-Tg mice by producing anti-inflammatory IFN-γ. HLA-DQβ1*0302 (DQ8) Tg mice were also resistant to PLP(91-110)-induced EAE, but production of proinflammatory IL-17 exacerbated disease in DRB1*0301.DQ8 mice. To further confirm the role of IFN-γ in protection, we generated DRB1*0301.DQ8 mice lacking IFN-γ (DRB1*0301.DQ8.IFN-γ(-/-)). Immunization with PLP(91-110) peptide caused atypical EAE in DRB1*0301.DQ8.IFN-γ(-/-) mice characterized by ataxia, spasticity, and dystonia, hallmarks of brain-specific disease. Severe brain-specific inflammation and demyelination in DRB1*0301.DQ8.IFN-γ(-/-) mice with minimal spinal cord pathology further confirmed brain-specific pathology. Atypical EAE in DRB1*0301.DQ8.IFN-γ(-/-) mice was associated with increased encephalitogenicity of CD4 T cells and their ability to produce greater levels of IL-17 and GM-CSF compared with DRB1*0301.DQ8 mice. Further, areas with demyelination showed increased presence of CD68(+) inflammatory cells, suggesting an important role for monocytes/microglia in causing brain pathology. Thus, our study supports a protective role for IFN-γ in the demyelination of brain through downregulation of IL-17/GM-CSF and induction of neuroprotective factors in the brain by monocytes/microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Ningling Luo
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - David Luckey
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Louisa Papke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Alyssa Hubbard
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Arika Wussow
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Michele Smart
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Chella David
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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Raeven RHM, Brummelman J, Pennings JLA, Nijst OEM, Kuipers B, Blok LER, Helm K, van Riet E, Jiskoot W, van Els CACM, Han WGH, Kersten GFA, Metz B. Molecular signatures of the evolving immune response in mice following a Bordetella pertussis infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104548. [PMID: 25137043 PMCID: PMC4138111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide resurgence of pertussis necessitates the need for improvement of pertussis vaccines and vaccination strategies. Since natural infections induce a longer-lasting immunity than vaccinations, detailed knowledge of the immune responses following natural infection can provide important clues for such improvement. The purpose was to elucidate the kinetics of the protective immune response evolving after experimental Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) infection in mice. Data were collected from (i) individual analyses, i.e. microarray, flow cytometry, multiplex immunoassays, and bacterial clearance; (ii) twelve time points during the infection; and (iii) different tissues involved in the immune responses, i.e. lungs, spleen and blood. Combined data revealed detailed insight in molecular and cellular sequence of events connecting different phases (innate, bridging and adaptive) of the immune response following the infection. We detected a prolonged acute phase response, broad pathogen recognition, and early gene signatures of subsequent T-cell recruitment in the lungs. Activation of particular transcription factors and specific cell markers provided insight into the time course of the transition from innate towards adaptive immune responses, which resulted in a broad spectrum of systemic antibody subclasses and splenic Th1/Th17 memory cells against B. pertussis. In addition, signatures preceding the local generation of Th1 and Th17 cells as well as IgA in the lungs, considered key elements in protection against B. pertussis, were established. In conclusion, molecular and cellular immunological processes in response to live B. pertussis infection were unraveled, which may provide guidance in selecting new vaccine candidates that should evoke local and prolonged protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- René H. M. Raeven
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Brummelman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L. A. Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection (GZB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Betsy Kuipers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kina Helm
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wim Jiskoot
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cecile A. C. M. van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wanda G. H. Han
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F. A. Kersten
- Intravacc, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bartels J, Darrow BG, Schatzberg SJ, Bu L, Carlson R, Tipold A. MIP-3β/CCL19 is associated with the intrathecal invasion of mononuclear cells in neuroinflammatory and non-neuroinflammatory CNS diseases in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:157. [PMID: 25016392 PMCID: PMC4105050 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemokines such as MIP-3β/CCL19 are important factors in the mechanism of cell migration and pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory reactions. The hypothesis of this study is that CCL19, also known as MIP-3β, is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and non-inflammatory CNS diseases of dogs. Experiments were performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of dogs affected with steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) during the acute phase as well as during treatment. Dogs with SRMA were compared to dogs with presumed meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO), and both groups sub-categorized into dogs receiving no therapy and with patients receiving prednisolone therapy. Idiopathic epilepsy (IE), a group with normal CSF cell count, was used as a control. Additionally, dogs with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) of varying severity were analyzed. Chemokine concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Migration assays were performed on seven selected CSF samples using a disposable 96-well chemotaxis chamber. Results CCL19 was detectable in CSF samples of all dogs. Dogs with untreated SRMA and MUO displayed pronounced CCL19 elevations compared to the control group and patients receiving glucocorticosteroid treatment. CSF cell counts of untreated SRMA and MUO patients were significantly positively correlated with the CCL19 CSF concentration. IVDD patients also had elevated CCL19 concentration compared to controls, but values were considerably lower than in inflammatory CNS diseases. Selected CSF samples displayed chemotactic activity for mononuclear cells in the migration assay. Conclusions CCL19 CSF concentrations were markedly elevated in patients affected with the neuroinflammatory diseases SRMA and MUO and showed a strong correlation with the CSF cell count. This chemokine may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SRMA and MUO. The elevation of CSF CCL19 in IVDD suggests that it may also be involved in the secondary wave of spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Tipold
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 9, Hannover 30559, Germany.
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Krupnick AS, Lin X, Li W, Higashikubo R, Zinselmeyer BH, Hartzler H, Toth K, Ritter JH, Berezin MY, Wang ST, Miller MJ, Gelman AE, Kreisel D. Central memory CD8+ T lymphocytes mediate lung allograft acceptance. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:1130-43. [PMID: 24569377 PMCID: PMC3938255 DOI: 10.1172/jci71359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T lymphocytes are commonly viewed as a major barrier for long-term survival of organ allografts and are thought to accelerate rejection responses due to their rapid infiltration into allografts, low threshold for activation, and ability to produce inflammatory mediators. Because memory T cells are usually associated with rejection, preclinical protocols have been developed to target this population in transplant recipients. Here, using a murine model, we found that costimulatory blockade-mediated lung allograft acceptance depended on the rapid infiltration of the graft by central memory CD8+ T cells (CD44(hi)CD62L(hi)CCR7+). Chemokine receptor signaling and alloantigen recognition were required for trafficking of these memory T cells to lung allografts. Intravital 2-photon imaging revealed that CCR7 expression on CD8+ T cells was critical for formation of stable synapses with antigen-presenting cells, resulting in IFN-γ production, which induced NO and downregulated alloimmune responses. Thus, we describe a critical role for CD8+ central memory T cells in lung allograft acceptance and highlight the need for tailored approaches for tolerance induction in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sasha Krupnick
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xue Lin
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryuiji Higashikubo
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bernd H. Zinselmeyer
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hollyce Hartzler
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kelsey Toth
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jon H. Ritter
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mikhail Y. Berezin
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven T. Wang
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark J. Miller
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew E. Gelman
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Department of Surgery and
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Department of Radiology and
Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Tanaka K, Yoshioka K, Tatsumi K, Kimura S, Kasuya Y. Endothelin regulates function of IL-17-producing T cell subset. Life Sci 2014; 118:244-7. [PMID: 24530289 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although endothelin (ET) is known to play pleiotropic roles in various pathological conditions, its relation to autoimmune disease has not been elucidated. Here, we focused on interleukin (IL)-17, which is closely related to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and investigated the effect of ET receptor blockers on the production of IL-17 by T lymphocytes. MAIN METHODS Lymph node cells from mice at 8 days post-immunization with MOG35-55 were stimulated in vitro with MOG35-55 in the presence or absence of an ET receptor blocker (BQ123 for ETA or BQ788 for ETB). Naïve T cells from mice were subjected to an in vitro model of Th17 differentiation, and ET-mediated IL-17 production was investigated under the states of Th17 differentiation and activation. KEY FINDINGS ELISA revealed that MOG35-55-induced IL-17 production was significantly inhibited by BQ123 but not BQ788. Consistent with the ELISA results for IL-17, the frequency of CD4(+) T cells producing IL-17 but not IFN-γ was reduced by BQ123. Under the differentiating state from naïve T cells to Th17 cells, the spontaneous release of IL-17 from CD4(+) T cells was increased, which was insensitive to BQ123, indicating that ET/ETA signaling did not affect Th17 differentiation. After the time period of Th17 differentiation, however, the increase in IL-17 production by restimulation of the cells with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies was significantly inhibited by BQ123. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrated that ET/ETA signaling plays a crucial role in IL-17 production by Th17. BQ123 might be expected to be a future therapeutic drug for multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Tanaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 2608670, Japan; Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kento Yoshioka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 2608670, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Sadao Kimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 2608670, Japan
| | - Yoshitoshi Kasuya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 2608670, Japan.
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Boullerne AI, Polak PE, Braun D, Sharp A, Pelligrino D, Feinstein DL. Effects of peptide fraction and counter ion on the development of clinical signs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurochem 2014; 129:696-703. [PMID: 24471474 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most commonly used immunogen to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is MOG35-55 , a 21-residue peptide derived from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). In most studies, mice exhibit a chronic disease; however, in some studies mice show a transient disease. One variable that is not often controlled for is the peptide fraction of the purified MOG material, which can vary from less than 50% to over 90%, with the remainder of mass primarily comprised of the counter ion used for peptide purification. We compared the development of clinical signs in female C57Bl6 mice immunized with two commercially available MOG35-55 peptides of similar purity but different peptide fraction (MOG-A being 45%; MOG-B being 72%). A single immunization with MOG-A induced a chronic disease course with some recovery at later stages, whereas immunization with MOG-B induced a similar course of disease but with significantly lower average clinical scores despite a higher peptide content. The addition of a booster immunization significantly increased clinical severity with both preparations, and significantly reduced the average day of onset using MOG-A. To determine if the counter ion could influence disease, we compared MOG-B-containing trifluoroacetate with MOG-B-containing acetate. Although disease incidence and severity were similar, the average day of disease onset occurred approximately 5 days earlier with the use of MOG-B-containing trifluoroacetate. These results demonstrate that differences in peptide fraction influence the course of encephalomyelitis disease, which may be due in part to the levels of counter ions present in the purified material. These findings underscore the fact that a knowledge of peptide fraction is as critical as knowledge of peptide purity when using peptides from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne I Boullerne
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Effects of chemokine receptor signalling on cognition-like, emotion-like and sociability behaviours of CCR6 and CCR7 knockout mice. Behav Brain Res 2013; 261:31-9. [PMID: 24333375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is regarded as an important mechanism of neuropsychiatric disorders. Chemokines, which are a part of the immune system, have effects on various aspects of brain function, but little is known about their effects on behaviour. We have compared the cognition-like behaviour (learning and spatial memory) of CCR6(-/-) and CCR7(-/-) mice with wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, in the Barnes maze, as well as a range of other behaviours, including exploratory, anxiety and depression-like behaviour, using a battery of tests. Levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were also measured. In the Barnes maze, CCR7(-/-) mice were shown to take longer to learn the location of the escape box on the 1st of 4 days of training. In the behavioural battery, CCR6(-/-) mice showed higher locomotor activity and lower anxiety in the open field test, and a lack of preference for social novelty in a sociability test. CCR7(-/-) mice behaved much like WT mice, although showed higher anxiety in Elevated Zero Maze. While baseline saccharin preference in a 2-bottle choice test, a test for anhedonia depression-like behaviour, was equal in all strains at baseline, weekly tests showed that both CCR6(-/-) and CCR7(-/-) mice developed a decreased preference for saccharin compared to WT over time. There were no differences between strains in any of the cytokines measured. These results suggest that chemokine receptors may play a role in cognition and learning behaviour, as well as anxiety and other behaviours, although the biological mechanisms are still unclear.
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Takashima A, Ishikawa F, Kuwabara T, Tanaka Y, Kinoshita T, Ito M, Kakiuchi T. Uterine natural killer cells severely decrease in number at gestation day 6 in mice. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:101. [PMID: 24025738 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.109009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells remarkably increase in number after implantation. NK cells or their precursors migrate from the blood stream and contribute to the increase. However, the contribution of uNK cells present in the virgin uterus has been unclear. To elucidate this issue, we examined uterine leukocyte subsets during pregnancy in BALB/c mice. The most dramatic change was the massive decrease in CD11b⁻ or Gr-1⁻ cells at gestation day (gd) 6. Uterine NK cells at gd 0 were CD11b⁻, and severely decreased at gd 6. The decrease was selective, and the proportion of other cells examined did not decrease. Uterine NK cells almost recovered at gd 12. These cells at gd 12 were more mature and/or activated in terms of expression of CD11b, CD27, CD127, or B220 than at gd 0. CXCL12 expression was observed on uterine cells at gd 0 or 6, but not at gd 12, whereas CXCR4 was detected on uNK cells at gds 0 and 12. A much higher expression of IL-15 in uterine cells or interferon-gamma expression in uNK cells was observed at gd 12 than at gd 0. IL-15 receptor alpha chain was detected on uNK cells at gd 12, but not at gd 0. Taken together, these findings were consistent with our interpretation that uNK cells present at gd 0 do not contribute to the increase of uNK cell number after implantation, and NK cells or their precursors migrate into the uterus, mature, and produce interferon-gamma to support pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Takashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Toho University Medical Center, Sakura Hospital, Sakura-shi, Chiba, Japan
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Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, McGee NR, Ransohoff RM. CCR7 signaling in pediatric opsoclonus–myoclonus: Upregulated serum CCL21 expression is steroid-responsive. Cytokine 2013; 64:331-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paltser G, Liu XJ, Yantha J, Winer S, Tsui H, Wu P, Maezawa Y, Cahill LS, Laliberté CL, Ramagopalan SV, DeLuca GC, Sadovnick AD, Astsaturov I, Ebers GC, Henkelman RM, Salter MW, Dosch HM. TRPV1 gates tissue access and sustains pathogenicity in autoimmune encephalitis. Mol Med 2013; 19:149-59. [PMID: 23689362 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive, demyelinating condition whose therapeutic needs are unmet, and whose pathoetiology is elusive. We report that transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) expressed in a major sensory neuron subset, controls severity and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice and likely in primary progressive MS. TRPV1-/- B6 congenics are protected from EAE. Increased survival reflects reduced central nervous systems (CNS) infiltration, despite indistinguishable T cell autoreactivity and pathogenicity in the periphery of TRPV1-sufficient and -deficient mice. The TRPV1+ neurovascular complex defining the blood-CNS barriers promoted invasion of pathogenic lymphocytes without the contribution of TRPV1-dependent neuropeptides such as substance P. In MS patients, we found a selective risk-association of the missense rs877610 TRPV1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in primary progressive disease. Our findings indicate that TRPV1 is a critical disease modifier in EAE, and we identify a predictor of severe disease course and a novel target for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Paltser
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Comerford I, Harata-Lee Y, Bunting MD, Gregor C, Kara EE, McColl SR. A myriad of functions and complex regulation of the CCR7/CCL19/CCL21 chemokine axis in the adaptive immune system. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:269-83. [PMID: 23587803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 control a diverse array of migratory events in adaptive immune function. Most prominently, CCR7 promotes homing of T cells and DCs to T cell areas of lymphoid tissues where T cell priming occurs. However, CCR7 and its ligands also contribute to a multitude of adaptive immune functions including thymocyte development, secondary lymphoid organogenesis, high affinity antibody responses, regulatory and memory T cell function, and lymphocyte egress from tissues. In this survey, we summarise the role of CCR7 in adaptive immunity and describe recent progress in understanding how this axis is regulated. In particular we highlight CCX-CKR, which scavenges both CCR7 ligands, and discuss its emerging significance in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Comerford
- The Chemokine Biology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
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Cardona SM, Garcia JA, Cardona AE. The fine balance of chemokines during disease: trafficking, inflammation, and homeostasis. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1013:1-16. [PMID: 23625489 PMCID: PMC3980472 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-426-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The action of chemokines (or "chemotactic cytokines") is recognized as an integral part of inflammatory and regulatory processes. Leukocyte mobilization during physiological conditions, trafficking of various cell types during pathological conditions, cell activation, and angiogenesis are among the target functions exerted by chemokines upon signaling via their specific receptors. Current research is focused in analyzing changes in chemokine/chemokine receptor patterns during various diseases with the aim to modulate pathological trafficking of cells, or to attract particular cell types to specific tissues. This review focuses on defining the role(s) of certain chemokine ligands and receptors in inflammatory neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis. In addition, the role(s) of chemokines in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is also described, as well as the contribution of chemokines to the pathogenesis of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Cardona
- Department of Biology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Sublingual Immunotherapy Induces Regulatory Function of IL-10-Expressing CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T Cells of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Murine Allergic Rhinitis Model. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:490905. [PMID: 23118775 PMCID: PMC3483773 DOI: 10.1155/2012/490905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been considered to be a painless and efficacious therapeutic treatment of allergic rhinitis which is known as type I allergy of nasal mucosa. Nevertheless, its mechanisms need to be further investigated.
In this study, we constructed an effective murine model of sublingual immunotherapy in allergic rhinitis, in which mice were sublingually administered with ovalbumin (OVA) followed by intraperitoneal sensitization and nasal challenge of OVA. Sublingually treated mice showed significantly decreased specific IgE responses as well as suppressed Th2 immune responses. Sublingual administration of OVA did not alter the frequency of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), but led to upregulation of Foxp3- and IL-10-specific mRNAs in the Tregs of cervical lymph nodes (CLN), which strongly suppressed Th2 cytokine production from CD4+CD25− effector T cells in vitro. Furthermore, sublingual administration of plasmids encoding the lymphoid chemokines CCL19 and CCL21-Ser DNA together with OVA suppressed allergic responses. These results suggest that IL-10-expressing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in CLN are involved in the suppression of allergic responses and that CCL19/CCL21 may contribute to it in mice that received SLIT.
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Murugesan N, Paul D, Lemire Y, Shrestha B, Ge S, Pachter JS. Active induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by MOG35-55 peptide immunization is associated with differential responses in separate compartments of the choroid plexus. Fluids Barriers CNS 2012; 9:15. [PMID: 22870943 PMCID: PMC3493354 DOI: 10.1186/2045-8118-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND There is increasing awareness that, aside from producing cerebrospinal fluid, the choroid plexus (CP) might be a key regulator of immune activity in the central nervous system (CNS) during neuroinflammation. Specifically, the CP has recently been posited to control entry of sentinel T cells into the uninflamed CNS during the early stages of neuroinflammatory diseases, like multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). As the CP is compartmentalized into a stromal core containing fenestrated capillaries devoid of typical blood-brain barrier properties, surrounded by a tight junction-expressing choroidal epithelium, each of these compartments might mount unique responses that instigate the neuroinflammatory process. METHODS To discern responses of the respective CP stromal capillary and choroidal epithelial tissues during evolving neuroinflammation, we investigated morphology and in situ expression of 93 immune-related genes during early stages of EAE induced by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55). Specifically, 3-D immunofluorescent imaging was employed to gauge morphological changes, and laser capture microdissection was coupled to an Immune Panel TaqMan Low Density Array to detail alterations in gene expression patterns at these separate CP sites on days 9 and 15 post-immunization (p.i.). To resolve CP effects due to autoimmunity against MOG peptide, from those due to complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin (PTX) included in the immunization, analysis was performed on MOG-CFA/PTX-treated, CFA/PTX-treated, and naïve cohorts. RESULTS The CP became swollen and displayed significant molecular changes in response to MOG-CFA/PTX immunization. Both stromal capillary and choroidal epithelial tissues mounted vigorous, yet different, changes in expression of numerous genes over the time course analyzed - including those encoding adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines, statins, interleukins, T cell activation markers, costimulatory molecules, cyclooxygenase, pro-inflammatory transcription factors and pro-apoptotic markers. Moreover, CFA/PTX-treatment, alone, resulted in extensive, though less robust, alterations in both CP compartments. CONCLUSIONS MOG-CFA/PTX immunization significantly affects CP morphology and stimulates distinct expression patterns of immune-related genes in CP stromal capillary and epithelial tissues during evolving EAE. CFA/PTX treatment, alone, causes widespread gene alterations that could prime the CP to unlock the CNS to T cell infiltration during neuroinflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha Murugesan
- Blood-brain Barrier Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Du C, Xie X. G protein-coupled receptors as therapeutic targets for multiple sclerosis. Cell Res 2012; 22:1108-28. [PMID: 22664908 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2012.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate most of our physiological responses to hormones, neurotransmitters and environmental stimulants. They are considered as the most successful therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by immune-mediated demyelination and degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). It is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. Great progress has been made over the past few decades in understanding the pathogenesis of MS. Numerous data from animal and clinical studies indicate that many GPCRs are critically involved in various aspects of MS pathogenesis, including antigen presentation, cytokine production, T-cell differentiation, T-cell proliferation, T-cell invasion, etc. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the expression or functional changes of GPCRs in MS patients or animal models, and the influences of GPCRs on disease severity upon genetic or pharmacological manipulations. Hopefully some of these findings will lead to the development of novel therapies for MS in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Du
- Laboratory of Receptor-Based BioMedicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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