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Nakano R, Chogahara I, Ohira M, Imaoka K, Sato S, Bekki T, Sato K, Imaoka Y, Marlen D, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H. Atherosclerosis Deteriorates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Via Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 Overexpression in a Murine Model. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:678-685. [PMID: 38433025 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is associated with cardiovascular-related mortality, along with an elevated risk of coronary, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular events. Notably, AAC is strongly associated with poor overall and recurrence free survival posthepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the acknowledged significance of atherosclerosis in systemic inflammation, its response to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) remains poorly elucidated. In this study, we aimed to clarify the impact of atherosclerosis on the liver immune system using a warm IRI mouse model. METHODS Injury was induced in an atherosclerotic mouse model (ApoE-/-) or C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice through 70% clamping for 1 hour and analyzed after 6 hours of reperfusion. RESULTS Elevated serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, along with histological assessment, indicated considerable damage in the livers of ApoE-/- mice than that in WT mice. This indicates a substantial contribution of atherosclerosis to IRI. Furthermore, T and natural killer (NK) cells in ApoE-/- mouse livers displayed a more inflammatory phenotype than those in WT mouse livers. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a significant upregulation of interleukin (IL)-15 and its transcriptional regulator, interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in ApoE-/- mouse livers compared with that in WT mouse livers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in an atherosclerotic mouse model, atherosclerosis can mirror intrahepatic immunity, particularly activating liver NK and T cells through IL-15 production, thereby exacerbating hepatic damage. The upregulation of IL-15 expression is associated with IRF-1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ichiya Chogahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Kouki Imaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Saki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Bekki
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Imaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Doskali Marlen
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Liu X, Chen L, Peng W, Deng H, Ni H, Tong H, Hu H, Wang S, Qian J, Liang A, Chen K. Th17/Treg balance: the bloom and wane in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356869. [PMID: 38558800 PMCID: PMC10978743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a multi-organ dysfunction characterized by an unregulated host response to infection. It is associated with high morbidity, rapid disease progression, and high mortality. Current therapies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment, such as blood volume supplementation and antibiotic use, but their effectiveness is limited. Th17/Treg balance, based on its inflammatory property, plays a crucial role in determining the direction of the inflammatory response and the regression of organ damage in sepsis patients. This review provides a summary of the changes in T-helper (Th) 17 cell and regulatory T (Treg) cell differentiation and function during sepsis, the heterogeneity of Th17/Treg balance in the inflammatory response, and the relationship between Th17/Treg balance and organ damage. Th17/Treg balance exerts significant control over the bloom and wanes in host inflammatory response throughout sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Longwang Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongsheng Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongying Ni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hongjie Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Hangbo Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shengchao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jin Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Andong Liang
- Nursing Faculty, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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3
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Zhou Y, Farooq MA, Ajmal I, He C, Gao Y, Guo D, Duan Y, Jiang W. Co-expression of IL-4/IL-15-based inverted cytokine receptor in CAR-T cells overcomes IL-4 signaling in immunosuppressive pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115740. [PMID: 37865999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy has been hindered by several factors that are intrinsic to the tumor microenvironment. Many strategies are being employed to overcome these barriers and improve immunotherapies efficacy. Interleukin (IL)- 4 is a cytokine released by tumor cells inside the tumor microenvironment and it can oppose T cell effector functions via engagement with the IL-4 receptor on the surface of T cells. To overcome IL-4-mediated immunosuppressive signals, we designed a novel inverted cytokine receptor (ICR). Our novel CAR construct (4/15NKG2D-CAR), consisted of an NKG2D-based chimeric antigen receptor, co-expressing IL-4R as an extracellular domain and IL-15R as a transmembrane and intracellular domain. In this way, IL-4R inhibitory signals were converted into IL-15R activation signals downstream. This strategy increased the efficacy of NKG2D-CAR-T cells in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment in vitro and in vivo. 4/15NKG2D-CAR-T cells exhibited increased activation, degranulation, cytokine release, and cytotoxic ability of NKG2D-CAR-T cells against IL-4+ pancreatic cell lines. Furthermore, 4/15NKG2D-CAR-T cells exhibited more expansion, less exhaustion, and an increased percentage of less differentiated T cell phenotypes in vitro when compared with NKG2D-CAR-T cells. That is why IL-4R/IL-15R-modified CAR-T cells eradicated more tumors in vivo and outperformed NKG2D-CAR-T cells. Thus, we report here a novel NKG2D-CAR-T cells that could overcome IL-4-mediated immunosuppression in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhammad Asad Farooq
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Iqra Ajmal
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoxin Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzheng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Lee H, Jeon JH, Kim ES. Mitochondrial dysfunctions in T cells: focus on inflammatory bowel disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1219422. [PMID: 37809060 PMCID: PMC10556505 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1219422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria has emerged as a critical ruler of metabolic reprogramming in immune responses and inflammation. In the context of colitogenic T cells and IBD, there has been increasing research interest in the metabolic pathways of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and glutaminolysis. These pathways have been shown to play a crucial role in the metabolic reprogramming of colitogenic T cells, leading to increased inflammatory cytokine production and tissue damage. In addition to metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. Studies have shown that colitogenic T cells exhibit impaired mitochondrial respiration, elevated levels of mROS, alterations in calcium homeostasis, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and aberrant mitochondria-associated membrane formation. Here, we discuss our current knowledge of the metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunctions in colitogenic T cells, as well as the potential therapeutic applications for treating IBD with evidence from animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyul Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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5
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Kalyakulina A, Yusipov I, Kondakova E, Bacalini MG, Franceschi C, Vedunova M, Ivanchenko M. Small immunological clocks identified by deep learning and gradient boosting. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1177611. [PMID: 37691946 PMCID: PMC10485620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1177611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aging process affects all systems of the human body, and the observed increase in inflammatory components affecting the immune system in old age can lead to the development of age-associated diseases and systemic inflammation. Results We propose a small clock model SImAge based on a limited number of immunological biomarkers. To regress the chronological age from cytokine data, we first use a baseline Elastic Net model, gradient-boosted decision trees models, and several deep neural network architectures. For the full dataset of 46 immunological parameters, DANet, SAINT, FT-Transformer and TabNet models showed the best results for the test dataset. Dimensionality reduction of these models with SHAP values revealed the 10 most age-associated immunological parameters, taken to construct the SImAge small immunological clock. The best result of the SImAge model shown by the FT-Transformer deep neural network model has mean absolute error of 6.94 years and Pearson ρ = 0.939 on the independent test dataset. Explainable artificial intelligence methods allow for explaining the model solution for each individual participant. Conclusions We developed an approach to construct a model of immunological age based on just 10 immunological parameters, coined SImAge, for which the FT-Transformer deep neural network model had proved to be the best choice. The model shows competitive results compared to the published studies on immunological profiles, and takes a smaller number of features as an input. Neural network architectures outperformed gradient-boosted decision trees, and can be recommended in the further analysis of immunological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kalyakulina
- Research Center for Trusted Artificial Intelligence, Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Biogerontology, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Igor Yusipov
- Research Center for Trusted Artificial Intelligence, Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Biogerontology, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elena Kondakova
- Institute of Biogerontology, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | | | - Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Biogerontology, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Vedunova
- Institute of Biogerontology, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanchenko
- Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Institute of Biogerontology, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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6
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Nosik M, Belikova MG, Ryzhov K, Avdoshina D, Sobkin A, Zverev V, Svitich O. Unique Profile of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Plasma of Drug-Naïve Individuals with Advanced HIV/TB Co-Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:1330. [PMID: 37376629 DOI: 10.3390/v15061330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by aberrant immune activation, and infection with M. tuberculosis by an unbalanced production of proinflammatory cytokines. The expression of these cytokines in HIV-1/TB coinfection is still understudied. Here, we aimed to compare the production of proinflammatory cytokines in drug-naive patients coinfected with HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis (HIV/TB) compared to patients with respective monoinfections. Plasma samples of patients with HIV/TB coinfection (n = 36), HIV-1 monoinfection (n = 36), and TB monoinfection (n = 35) and healthy donors (n = 36) were examined for the levels of eight proinflammatory cytokines. Their levels were significantly increased in all patient groups compared to healthy donors. At the same time, a drastic decrease in the plasma levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, Il-1β, IL-15, and IL-17 was detected in patients with HIV/TB coinfection compared to patients with HIV-1 or TB monoinfections. The plasma levels of IL-17 characterized the TB severity: in HIV/TB-coinfected patients with disseminated TB, plasma levels of IL-17 were eight times lower than in patients with less severe TB forms (infiltrative TB or TB of intrathoracic lymph nodes; p < 0.0001). At the same time, HIV/TB-coinfected patients had increased plasma levels of IL-8, IL-12, and IL-18, with the levels of IL-8 correlating with mortality (p < 0.0001). Thus, on the contrary to the patients with HIV-1 or TB monoinfections, HIV/TB-coinfected patients had suppressed production of most of the proinflammatory cytokines associated with antimicrobial immune response, specifically of T-cells involved in the containment of both infections. At the same time, they demonstrated an expansion of proinflammatory cytokines known to originate from both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, and manifest tissue inflammation. In HIV-1/TB coinfection, this leads to the disruption of granuloma formation, contributing to bacterial dissemination and enhancing morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nosik
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria G Belikova
- N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
- Translational Medicine Cluster, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Darya Avdoshina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Sobkin
- Department for Treatment of TB Patients with HIV Infection, G.A. Zaharyan Moscow Tuberculosis Clinic, 125466 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly Zverev
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana Svitich
- I.I. Mechnikov Institute of Vaccine and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Cao L, Ma X, Zhang J, Yang M, He Z, Yang C, Li S, Rong P, Wang W. CD27-Expressing Xenoantigen-Expanded Human Regulatory T Cells Are Efficient in Suppressing Xenogeneic Immune Response. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897221149444. [PMID: 36644879 PMCID: PMC9846302 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221149444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, xenotransplantation often leads to T-cell-mediated graft rejection. Immunosuppressive agents including polyclonal regulatory T cells (poly-Tregs) promote global immunosuppression, resulting in serious infections and malignancies in patients. Xenoantigen-expanded Tregs (xeno-Tregs) have become a promising immune therapy strategy to protect xenografts with fewer side effects. In this study, we aimed to identify an efficient and stable subset of xeno-Tregs. We enriched CD27+ xeno-Tregs using cell sorting and evaluated their suppressive functions and stability in vitro via mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), real-time polymerase chain reaction, inflammatory induction assay, and Western blotting. A STAT5 inhibitor was used to investigate the relationship between the function and stability of CD27+ xeno-Tregs and the JAK3-STAT5 signaling pathway. A humanized xenotransplanted mouse model was used to evaluate the function of CD27+ xeno-Tregs in vivo. Our results show that CD27+ xeno-Tregs express higher levels of Foxp3, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), and Helios and lower levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) than their CD27- counterparts. In addition, CD27+ xeno-Tregs showed enhanced suppressive function in xeno-MLR at ratios of 1:4 and 1:16 of Tregs:responder cells. Under inflammatory conditions, a lower percentage of CD27+ xeno-Tregs secretes IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). CD27+ xeno-Tregs demonstrated an upregulated JAK3-STAT5 pathway compared with that of CD27- xeno-Tregs and showed decreased Foxp3, Helios, and CTLA4 expression after addition of STAT5 inhibitor. Mice that received porcine skin grafts showed a normal tissue phenotype and less leukocyte infiltration after reconstitution with CD27+ xeno-Tregs. Taken together, these data indicate that CD27+ xeno-Tregs may suppress immune responses in a xenoantigen-specific manner, which might be related to the activation of the JAK3-STAT5 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Yang
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhu He
- Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cejun Yang
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sang Li
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Wei Wang, The Institute for Cell
Transplantation and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South
University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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8
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Peripheral T reg Levels and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ) in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Systematic Review Meta-Analysis. Adv Ther 2023; 40:102-116. [PMID: 36287319 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on the level of regulatory T (Treg) cells in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been controversial, leading to disagreement regarding the role Treg cells play in the pathogenesis of the disease. To clarify the status of Treg cells in patients with PsA, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the levels of Treg cells and serum Treg-associated cytokines in PsA patients. METHODS According to published data from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Clinical Trials.gov, MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane Library, and FDA.gov, we determined the Treg and Treg cytokine levels in patients with PsA. The effect estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 12 studies. Compared to healthy controls (HCs), the proportions of Treg cells had no significant difference in patients with PsA (based on standardized means[SMD] = - 1.038, 95% confidence intervals[CI] = - 2.165 to 0.089, p = 0.071). On the basis of subgroup analysis, patients with PsA had a lower percentage of CD4+ Treg cells (SMD = - 1.501, 95% CI - 2.799 to - 0.202, p = 0.023) than OKT8+ Treg (SMD = 0.568, 95% CI - 2.127 to 3.263, p = 0.679). Besides, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells and CD4+CD25highCD127low Treg cells were both significantly decreased on the levels of PBMCs in patients with PsA (SMD = - 0.764, 95% CI - 1.404 to - 0.125, p = 0.019; SMD = - 5.184, 95% CI - 6.955 to - 3.412, p < 0.001). CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells were particularly more abundant in the synovial fluid thanin peripheral blood (SMD = 3.288, 95% CI 2.127 to 4.449, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in peripheral blood and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells in CD4+ T cells (SMD = - 2.498, 95% CI - 7.720 to 2.725, p = 0.349; SMD = - 0.719, 95% CI - 2.525 to 1.086, p = 0.435). PsA patients had decreased cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) (SMD = - 2.199, 95% CI - 3.650 to - 0.749, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Treg definition markers influence the scale of Treg cells in patients with PsA. Pathogenesis of PsA may be attributed to an insufficient or malfunctioning Treg population.
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9
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Li Y, Wu L, Liu Y, Ma S, Huang B, Feng X, Wang H. A novel multifunctional anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15 induces potent cancer cell killing in PD-L1-positive tumour cells. Transl Oncol 2022; 21:101424. [PMID: 35477065 PMCID: PMC9136603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-L1 single-domain antibodies were identified from hPD-L1-immunized camels. Three novel multifunctional antibodies, anti-PD-L1-CD16a, anti-PD-L1-IL15, and anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15, target PD-L1-positive cancer cells. Anti-PD-L1-IL15 and anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15, but not anti-PD-L1-CD16a, stimulate immune cell proliferation in vitro. The anti-PD-L1 antibodies can bind PD-L1-positive cells. Anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15 has the strongest antitumour activity, both in vitro and in vivo.
Cancer is the most acute disease and the leading cause of patient death worldwide. Both chemotherapy and molecular-based therapies play an important role in curing cancer. However, the median and overall survival of patients is poor. To date, immune therapies have changed the treatment methods for cancer patients. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, also known as B-H1, CD274) is a well-studied tumor antigen. PD-L1 is overexpressed in colon cancer, lung cancer, and so on and plays a vital role in cancer development. In this study, anti-PD-L1 single-domain antibodies were identified from recombinant human PD-L1 (rhPD-L1)-immunized llamas. Then, we generated a novel multifunctional anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15 antibody targeting PD-L1-positive tumor cells. Anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15 was constructed by linking the Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signal peptide, anti-PD-L1 single domain antibody (anti-PD-L1-VHH) and anti-cluster of differentiation 16a single domain antibody (anti-CD16a-VHH), and Interleukin-15/Interleukin-15 receptor alpha (IL15/IL-15Rα). This anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15 fusion protein can be expressed and purified from HEK-293F cells. In vitro, our data showed that the anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15 fusion protein can recruit T cells and drive natural killer cells (NK) with specific killing of PD-L1-overexpressing tumor cells. Furthermore, in the xenograft model, the anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15 fusion protein inhibited tumor growth with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These data suggested that the anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15 fusion protein has a latent function in antitumour activity, with better guidance for future cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lingjun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Hypertension, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Siwen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Biyi Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xianjing Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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10
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Reyes-Cruz EY, Limón-Flores AY, González-Mireles AF, Rodríguez-Serrato MA, López-Monteon A, Ramos-Ligonio A. Effect of immunosuppression by UV-B radiation on components of the innate immune response in skin lesions with Leishmania mexicana: Effect of UVB on the innate immune response in cutaneous infection by L. mexicana. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106272. [PMID: 34896324 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of leishmaniasis in humans, factors such as poverty, poor housing, inadequate domestic hygiene, malnutrition, mobility, and occupational exposure are risk factors associated with the condition, however, there are few studies focused on determining the immune mechanism involved in the resolution of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by the species Leishmania mexicana, as well as possible environmental factors such as solar radiation, which could contribute to its establishment. through mechanisms immunosuppressants, of which to date is unknown. In this study, the effect of UV-B light was evaluated as a risk factor affecting components of the innate immune response 3 days after infection with L. mexicana. A delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTH) was used to evaluate immunosuppression induced by UV-B light. Through a histological analysis, the skin lesions of the mice (Hematoxylin & Eosin) were evaluated, the presence of mast cells and their level of degranulation (toluidine blue staining), the presence of IL-10+ and MOMA2+ cells were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and finally, the cytokine profile was evaluated by qPCR in the skin lesions tissue. An alteration in the architecture of the tissue was observed, as well as a greater number of mast cells, both complete and degranulated, as well as an increase in IL-10+ and MOMA2+ cells in the skin lesions of the mice that were irradiated and subsequently infected, when compared with the lesions of infected mice (P> 0.0001), immunomodulation was also observed in the profile of cytokines expressed between both groups analyzed. This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of UV-B radiation on components of the innate immune response at short times of infection by L. mexicana.
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11
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Bortoluzzi S, Dashtsoodol N, Engleitner T, Drees C, Helmrath S, Mir J, Toska A, Flossdorf M, Öllinger R, Solovey M, Colomé-Tatché M, Kalfaoglu B, Ono M, Buch T, Ammon T, Rad R, Schmidt-Supprian M. Brief homogeneous TCR signals instruct common iNKT progenitors whose effector diversification is characterized by subsequent cytokine signaling. Immunity 2021; 54:2497-2513.e9. [PMID: 34562377 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Innate-like T cell populations expressing conserved TCRs play critical roles in immunity through diverse developmentally acquired effector functions. Focusing on the prototypical lineage of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, we sought to dissect the mechanisms and timing of fate decisions and functional effector differentiation. Utilizing induced expression of the semi-invariant NKT cell TCR on double positive thymocytes, an initially highly synchronous wave of iNKT cell development was triggered by brief homogeneous TCR signaling. After reaching a uniform progenitor state characterized by IL-4 production potential and proliferation, effector subsets emerged simultaneously, but then diverged toward different fates. While NKT17 specification was quickly completed, NKT1 cells slowly differentiated and expanded. NKT2 cells resembled maturing progenitors, which gradually diminished in numbers. Thus, iNKT subset diversification occurs in dividing progenitor cells without acute TCR input but utilizes multiple active cytokine signaling pathways. These data imply a two-step model of iNKT effector differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bortoluzzi
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Nyambayar Dashtsoodol
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Department of Immunology, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Christoph Drees
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Sabine Helmrath
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Jonas Mir
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Albulena Toska
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Michael Flossdorf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Maria Solovey
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Maria Colomé-Tatché
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Bahire Kalfaoglu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thorsten Buch
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Tim Ammon
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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12
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Pandiyan P, McCormick TS. Regulation of IL-17A-Producing Cells in Skin Inflammatory Disorders. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:867-875. [PMID: 34561088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the IL-17A family of cytokines produced by T lymphocytes and other immune cells and how they are involved in cutaneous pathogenic responses. It will also discuss cutaneous dysbiosis and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in the context of inflammatory conditions linked to IL-17 responses in the skin. Specifically, it will review key literature on chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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13
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Matsuda Y, Watanabe T, Li XK. Approaches for Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection Through Targeting B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682334. [PMID: 34276669 PMCID: PMC8282180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR), which are directly mediated by B cells, remain difficult to treat. Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) in bone marrow (BM) play a crucial role in the production of the antibodies that induce AMR. However, LLPCs survive through a T cell-independent mechanism and resist conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Desensitization therapy is therefore performed, although it is accompanied by severe side effects and the pathological condition may be at an irreversible stage when these antibodies, which induce AMR development, are detected in the serum. In other words, AMR control requires the development of a diagnostic method that predicts its onset before LLPC differentiation and enables therapeutic intervention and the establishment of humoral immune monitoring methods providing more detailed information, including individual differences in the susceptibility to immunosuppressive agents and the pathological conditions. In this study, we reviewed recent studies related to the direct or indirect involvement of immunocompetent cells in the differentiation of naïve-B cells into LLPCs, the limitations of conventional methods, and the possible development of novel control methods in the context of AMR. This information will significantly contribute to the development of clinical applications for AMR and improve the prognosis of patients who undergo organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Matsuda
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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van der Lelie D, Oka A, Taghavi S, Umeno J, Fan TJ, Merrell KE, Watson SD, Ouellette L, Liu B, Awoniyi M, Lai Y, Chi L, Lu K, Henry CS, Sartor RB. Rationally designed bacterial consortia to treat chronic immune-mediated colitis and restore intestinal homeostasis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3105. [PMID: 34050144 PMCID: PMC8163890 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, mucosal permeability and defective immunoregulation drive overactive immunity to a subset of resident intestinal bacteria that mediate multiple inflammatory conditions. GUT-103 and GUT-108, live biotherapeutic products rationally designed to complement missing or underrepresented functions in the dysbiotic microbiome of IBD patients, address upstream targets, rather than targeting a single cytokine to block downstream inflammation responses. GUT-103, composed of 17 strains that synergistically provide protective and sustained engraftment in the IBD inflammatory environment, prevented and treated chronic immune-mediated colitis. Therapeutic application of GUT-108 reversed established colitis in a humanized chronic T cell-mediated mouse model. It decreased pathobionts while expanding resident protective bacteria; produced metabolites promoting mucosal healing and immunoregulatory responses; decreased inflammatory cytokines and Th-1 and Th-17 cells; and induced interleukin-10-producing colonic regulatory cells, and IL-10-independent homeostatic pathways. We propose GUT-108 for treating and preventing relapse for IBD and other inflammatory conditions characterized by unbalanced microbiota and mucosal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akihiko Oka
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | | | - Junji Umeno
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Muyiwa Awoniyi
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - R Balfour Sartor
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Laurent C, Deblois G, Clénet ML, Carmena Moratalla A, Farzam-Kia N, Girard M, Duquette P, Prat A, Larochelle C, Arbour N. Interleukin-15 enhances proinflammatory T-cell responses in patients with MS and EAE. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 8:8/1/e931. [PMID: 33323466 PMCID: PMC7745728 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective We posit that interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a relevant contributor to MS pathobiology as this cytokine is elevated in the CNS and periphery of patients with MS. We aim to investigate (1) the impact of IL-15 on T lymphocytes from patients with MS and (2) the in vivo role of IL-15 using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. Methods We compared the impact of IL-15 on T lymphocytes obtained from untreated patients with MS (relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive) to cells from age/sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) using multiparametric flow cytometry and in vitro assays. We tested the effects of peripheral IL-15 administration after EAE disease onset in C57BL/6 mice. Results IL-15 triggered STAT5 signaling in an elevated proportion of T cells from patients with MS compared with HCs. This cytokine also enhanced the production of key proinflammatory cytokines (interferon γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor) by T cells from both MS and controls, but these effects were more robust for the production of IL-17 and GM-CSF in T-cell subsets from patients with MS. At the peak of EAE disease, the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing CD122+, the key signaling IL-15 receptor chain, was enriched in the CNS compared with the spleen. Finally, peripheral administration of IL-15 into EAE mice after disease onset significantly aggravated clinical scores and increased the number of inflammatory CNS-infiltrating T cells long term after stopping IL-15 administration. Conclusions Our results underscore that IL-15 contributes to the amplification of T-cell inflammatory properties after disease onset in both MS and EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Laurent
- From the Department of Neurosciences (C. Laurent, G.D., M.-L.C., A.C.M., N.F.-k., M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle, N.A.), Université de Montréal and CRCHUM; and MS-CHUM Clinic (M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle), Québec, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Deblois
- From the Department of Neurosciences (C. Laurent, G.D., M.-L.C., A.C.M., N.F.-k., M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle, N.A.), Université de Montréal and CRCHUM; and MS-CHUM Clinic (M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle), Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Laure Clénet
- From the Department of Neurosciences (C. Laurent, G.D., M.-L.C., A.C.M., N.F.-k., M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle, N.A.), Université de Montréal and CRCHUM; and MS-CHUM Clinic (M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle), Québec, Canada
| | - Ana Carmena Moratalla
- From the Department of Neurosciences (C. Laurent, G.D., M.-L.C., A.C.M., N.F.-k., M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle, N.A.), Université de Montréal and CRCHUM; and MS-CHUM Clinic (M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle), Québec, Canada
| | - Negar Farzam-Kia
- From the Department of Neurosciences (C. Laurent, G.D., M.-L.C., A.C.M., N.F.-k., M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle, N.A.), Université de Montréal and CRCHUM; and MS-CHUM Clinic (M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle), Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Girard
- From the Department of Neurosciences (C. Laurent, G.D., M.-L.C., A.C.M., N.F.-k., M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle, N.A.), Université de Montréal and CRCHUM; and MS-CHUM Clinic (M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle), Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- From the Department of Neurosciences (C. Laurent, G.D., M.-L.C., A.C.M., N.F.-k., M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle, N.A.), Université de Montréal and CRCHUM; and MS-CHUM Clinic (M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle), Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- From the Department of Neurosciences (C. Laurent, G.D., M.-L.C., A.C.M., N.F.-k., M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle, N.A.), Université de Montréal and CRCHUM; and MS-CHUM Clinic (M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle), Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- From the Department of Neurosciences (C. Laurent, G.D., M.-L.C., A.C.M., N.F.-k., M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle, N.A.), Université de Montréal and CRCHUM; and MS-CHUM Clinic (M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle), Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Arbour
- From the Department of Neurosciences (C. Laurent, G.D., M.-L.C., A.C.M., N.F.-k., M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle, N.A.), Université de Montréal and CRCHUM; and MS-CHUM Clinic (M.G., P.D., A.P., C. Larochelle), Québec, Canada.
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16
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Poston TB, Lee DE, Darville T, Zhong W, Dong L, O'Connell CM, Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Sempowski GD, Zheng X. Cervical Cytokines Associated With Chlamydia trachomatis Susceptibility and Protection. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:330-339. [PMID: 30820577 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis can cause reproductive morbidities after ascending to the upper genital tract of women, and repeated infection can lead to worse disease. Data related to protective immune responses at the cervical mucosa that could limit chlamydial infection to the cervix and/or prevent reinfection inform vaccine approaches and biomarkers of risk. METHODS We measured 48 cytokines in cervical secretions from women having chlamydial cervical infection alone (n = 92) or both cervical and endometrial infection (n = 68). Univariable regression identified cytokines associated with differential odds of endometrial infection and reinfection risk, and multivariable stepwise regression identified cytokine ratios associated with differential risk. RESULTS Elevated interleukin (IL) 15/CXCL10 (odds ratio [OR], 0.55 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .37-.78]), IL-16/tumor necrosis factor-α (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, .45-.93]), and CXCL14/IL-17A (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, .54-.97]) cytokine ratios were significantly (P ≤ .05) associated with decreased odds of endometrial infection. A higher Flt-3L/IL-14 ratio was significantly (P = .001) associated with a decreased risk of reinfection (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, .58-.88]). CONCLUSIONS Cytokines involved in humoral, type I interferon, and T-helper (Th) 17 responses were associated with susceptibility to C. trachomatis, whereas cytokines involved in Th1 polarization, recruitment, and activation were associated with protection against ascension and reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Poston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - De'Ashia E Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Wujuan Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Harold C Wiesenfeld
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Magee-Womens Research Institute Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon L Hillier
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the Magee-Womens Research Institute Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory D Sempowski
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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17
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IL-15 negatively regulates curdlan-induced IL-23 production by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and subsequent Th17 response. North Clin Istanb 2020; 6:379-387. [PMID: 31909384 PMCID: PMC6936942 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2019.38802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of long- and short-term IL-15 cytokine exposure of human monocyte-derived curdlan-matured dendritic cells (DCs) on the production of Th17 cell-polarizing cytokine IL-23 and subsequent Th17 cell activation. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were purified using Ficoll-Paque from healthy donors. Monocytes were magnetically selected using CD14 Miltenyi beads and differentiated into DCs with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 for five days in the presence or absence of IL-15 (100ng/ml) for long-term exposure experiments. Then, DCs were matured with peptidoglycan (PGN), or curdlan for 24 hours. For short-term exposure experiments, IL-15 was added only during maturation of DCs. Then, DCs were characterized concerning the expression of MHC II and costimulatory molecules, production of cytokine subunits IL-23p19, IL-12p40, IL-12p35 and cytokine IL-23 via flow cytometry or real-time qPCR or ELISA. Finally, the phosphorylation of signaling molecules after curdlan stimulation was assessed using phospho-flow assays. RESULTS: IL-15 exposure suppressed IL-23 production by DCs. As a result, IL-15-exposed DCs suppressed IL-17 production by allogeneic T cells. Importantly, we observed a reduction in the surface Dectin-1 receptor levels by IL-15-exposed DCs. In line with these observations, curdlan stimulation resulted in reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, NF-kB p65 and AKT by human DCs exposed to IL-15 compared with controls. These results may explain why IL-15-exposed DCs produce less IL-23 after maturation with curdlan, which is a ligand of Dectin-1. CONCLUSION: Short- or long-term exposure to IL-15 of human DCs during their differentiation or maturation programs DCs against Th17 cell polarization, which suggests that IL-15 availability may affect CD4+ T cell-mediated protective immunity to fungal infections.
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18
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Critical role of interleukin (IL)-17 in inflammatory and immune disorders: An updated review of the evidence focusing in controversies. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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IL-17 constrains natural killer cell activity by restraining IL-15-driven cell maturation via SOCS3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17409-17418. [PMID: 31405974 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904125116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that IL-17A promotes tumorigenesis, metastasis, and viral infection. Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for defending against tumors and infections. However, the roles and mechanisms of IL-17A in regulating NK cell activity remain elusive. Herein, our study demonstrated that IL-17A constrained NK cell antitumor and antiviral activity by restraining NK cell maturation. It was observed that the development and metastasis of tumors were suppressed in IL-17A-deficient mice in the NK cell-dependent manner. In addition, the antiviral activity of NK cells was also improved in IL-17A-deficient mice. Mechanistically, ablation of IL-17A signaling promoted generation of terminally mature CD27-CD11b+ NK cells, whereas constitutive IL-17A signaling reduced terminally mature NK cells. Parabiosis or mixed bone marrow chimeras from Il17a -/- and wild-type (WT) mice could inhibit excessive generation of terminally mature NK cells induced by IL-17A deficiency. Furthermore, IL-17A desensitized NK cell responses to IL-15 and suppressed IL-15-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) via up-regulation of SOCS3, leading to down-regulation of Blimp-1. Therefore, IL-17A acts as the checkpoint during NK cell terminal maturation, which highlights potential interventions to defend against tumors and viral infections.
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20
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Li R, Bar-Or A. The Multiple Roles of B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Their Implications in Multiple Sclerosis Therapies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a029108. [PMID: 29661809 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested that both antibody-dependent and antibody-independent functions of B cells are involved in multiple sclerosis (MS). The contrasting results of distinct B-cell targeting therapies in MS patients underscores the importance of elucidating these multiple B-cell functions. In this review, we discuss the generation of autoreactive B cells, migration of B cells into the central nervous system (CNS), and how different functions of B cells may contribute to MS disease activity and potentially mitigation in both the periphery and CNS compartments. In addition, we propose several future therapeutic strategies that may better target/shape B-cell responses for long-term treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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21
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Pandiyan P, Bhaskaran N, Zou M, Schneider E, Jayaraman S, Huehn J. Microbiome Dependent Regulation of T regs and Th17 Cells in Mucosa. Front Immunol 2019; 10:426. [PMID: 30906299 PMCID: PMC6419713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals co-exist with resident microbial ecosystem that is composed of an incredible number and diversity of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Owing to direct contact between resident microbes and mucosal surfaces, both parties are in continuous and complex interactions resulting in important functional consequences. These interactions govern immune homeostasis, host response to infection, vaccination and cancer, as well as predisposition to metabolic, inflammatory and neurological disorders. Here, we discuss recent studies on direct and indirect effects of resident microbiota on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells at the cellular and molecular level. We review mechanisms by which commensal microbes influence mucosa in the context of bioactive molecules derived from resident bacteria, immune senescence, chronic inflammation and cancer. Lastly, we discuss potential therapeutic applications of microbiota alterations and microbial derivatives, for improving resilience of mucosal immunity and combating immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mangge Zou
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Schneider
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sangeetha Jayaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hamburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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22
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Lin JX, Leonard WJ. The Common Cytokine Receptor γ Chain Family of Cytokines. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028449. [PMID: 29038115 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 form a family of cytokines based on their sharing the common cytokine receptor γ chain (γc), which was originally discovered as the third receptor component of the IL-2 receptor, IL-2Rγ. The IL2RG gene is located on the X chromosome and is mutated in humans with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). The breadth of the defects in XSCID could not be explained solely by defects in IL-2 signaling, and it is now clear that γc is a shared receptor component of the six cytokines noted above, making XSCID a disease of defective cytokine signaling. Janus kinase (JAK)3 associates with γc, and JAK3-deficient SCID phenocopies XSCID, findings that served to stimulate the development of JAK3 inhibitors as immunosuppressants. γc family cytokines collectively control broad aspects of lymphocyte development, growth, differentiation, and survival, and these cytokines are clinically important, related to allergic and autoimmune diseases and cancer as well as immunodeficiency. In this review, we discuss the actions of these cytokines, their critical biological roles and signaling pathways, focusing mainly on JAK/STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) signaling, and how this information is now being used in clinical therapeutic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1674
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1674
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23
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Sun L, Wang Q, Chen B, Zhao Y, Shen B, Wang X, Zhu M, Li Z, Zhao X, Xu C, Chen Z, Wang M, Xu W, Zhu W. Human Gastric Cancer Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived IL15 Contributes to Tumor Cell Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition via Upregulation Tregs Ratio and PD-1 Expression in CD4 +T Cell. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1203-1214. [PMID: 29901436 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies show that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) homing to tumors not only provide the microenvironment for tumor cells but also promote tumor growth and metastasis. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role of gastric cancer MSCs (GCMSCs)-derived IL15 during GC progression. The effects of IL15 secreted by GCMSCs on GC development were evaluated by detecting the stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and migration abilities of GC cell lines. The expression of IL15 in serum and tissues of GC patients was also assessed. We found that IL15 derived from GCMSCs enhanced stemness, induced EMT and promoted migration of GC cell lines. The level of IL15 was higher in GC patients both in serum and tissues compared with that in healthy donors, which was associated with lymph node metastasis. In addition, the results have shown that IL15 in GC microenvironment was mainly produced by GCMSCs. Moreover, IL15 upregulated Tregs ratio through activation of STAT5 in CD4+T cells was accompanied by elevated expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). Our data proved that the high concentration of IL15 in tumor microenvironment, which was mainly secreted by GCMSCs, may contribute to tumor cell metastasis and offer a new opportunity to develop effective therapeutics for intercepting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bin Chen
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bo Shen
- 2 Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Miaolin Zhu
- 2 Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuqian Li
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Changgen Xu
- 3 Zhenjiang Provincial Blood Center , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- 4 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mei Wang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
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24
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Mathew NR, Baumgartner F, Braun L, O’Sullivan D, Thomas S, Waterhouse M, Müller TA, Hanke K, Taromi S, Apostolova P, Illert AL, Melchinger W, Duquesne S, Schmitt-Graeff A, Osswald L, Yan KL, Weber A, Tugues S, Spath S, Pfeifer D, Follo M, Claus R, Lübbert M, Rummelt C, Bertz H, Wäsch R, Haag J, Schmidts A, Schultheiss M, Bettinger D, Thimme R, Ullrich E, Tanriver Y, Vuong GL, Arnold R, Hemmati P, Wolf D, Ditschkowski M, Jilg C, Wilhelm K, Leiber C, Gerull S, Halter J, Lengerke C, Pabst T, Schroeder T, Kobbe G, Rösler W, Doostkam S, Meckel S, Stabla K, Metzelder SK, Halbach S, Brummer T, Hu Z, Dengjel J, Hackanson B, Schmid C, Holtick U, Scheid C, Spyridonidis A, Stölzel F, Ordemann R, Müller LP, Sicre-de-Fontbrune F, Ihorst G, Kuball J, Ehlert JE, Feger D, Wagner EM, Cahn JY, Schnell J, Kuchenbauer F, Bunjes D, Chakraverty R, Richardson S, Gill S, Kröger N, Ayuk F, Vago L, Ciceri F, Müller AM, Kondo T, Teshima T, Klaeger S, Kuster B, Kim D(DH, Weisdorf D, van der Velden W, Dörfel D, Bethge W, Hilgendorf I, Hochhaus A, Andrieux G, Börries M, Busch H, Magenau J, Reddy P, Labopin M, Antin JH, Henden AS, Hill GR, Kennedy GA, Bar M, Sarma A, McLornan D, Mufti G, Oran B, Rezvani K, Sha O, Negrin RS, Nagler A, Prinz M, Burchert A, Neubauer A, Beelen D, Mackensen A, von Bubnoff N, Herr W, Becher B, Socié G, Caligiuri MA, Ruggiero E, Bonini C, Häcker G, Duyster J, Finke J, Pearce E, Blazar BR, Zeiser R. Sorafenib promotes graft-versus-leukemia activity in mice and humans through IL-15 production in FLT3-ITD-mutant leukemia cells. Nat Med 2018; 24:282-291. [PMID: 29431743 PMCID: PMC6029618 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring an internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the gene encoding Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) who relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) have a 1-year survival rate below 20%. We observed that sorafenib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, increased IL-15 production by FLT3-ITD+ leukemia cells. This synergized with the allogeneic CD8+ T cell response, leading to long-term survival in six mouse models of FLT3-ITD+ AML. Sorafenib-related IL-15 production caused an increase in CD8+CD107a+IFN-γ+ T cells with features of longevity (high levels of Bcl-2 and reduced PD-1 levels), which eradicated leukemia in secondary recipients. Mechanistically, sorafenib reduced expression of the transcription factor ATF4, thereby blocking negative regulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) activation, which enhanced IL-15 transcription. Both IRF7 knockdown and ATF4 overexpression in leukemia cells antagonized sorafenib-induced IL-15 production in vitro. Human FLT3-ITD+ AML cells obtained from sorafenib responders following sorafenib therapy showed increased levels of IL-15, phosphorylated IRF7, and a transcriptionally active IRF7 chromatin state. The mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity and glycolytic capacity of CD8+ T cells increased upon sorafenib treatment in sorafenib responders but not in nonresponders. Our findings indicate that the synergism of T cells and sorafenib is mediated via reduced ATF4 expression, causing activation of the IRF7-IL-15 axis in leukemia cells and thereby leading to metabolic reprogramming of leukemia-reactive T cells in humans. Therefore, sorafenib treatment has the potential to contribute to an immune-mediated cure of FLT3-ITD-mutant AML relapse, an otherwise fatal complication after allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimitha R. Mathew
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Francis Baumgartner
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Braun
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David O’Sullivan
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Miguel Waterhouse
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tony A. Müller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hanke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sanaz Taromi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petya Apostolova
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna L. Illert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Melchinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Duquesne
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Lena Osswald
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Li Yan
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arnim Weber
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Spath
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Claus
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummelt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Bertz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Wäsch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Haag
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmidts
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schultheiss
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettinger
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Department for Children and Adolescents Medicine, Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yakup Tanriver
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giang Lam Vuong
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Renate Arnold
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Hemmati
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Medical Clinic III, Oncology, Hematology, Immunooncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Ditschkowski
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Cordula Jilg
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Wilhelm
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Leiber
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gerull
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Halter
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Inselspital/Universitätsspital Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schroeder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Kobbe
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolf Rösler
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Meckel
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Stabla
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, and University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan K. Metzelder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, and University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Halbach
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological signaling studies (BIOSS) - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zehan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; and Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Joern Dengjel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; and Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Björn Hackanson
- Interdisziplinäres Cancer Center Augsburg (ICCA), II. Medizinische Klinik, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schmid
- Interdisziplinäres Cancer Center Augsburg (ICCA), II. Medizinische Klinik, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Udo Holtick
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | - Christof Scheid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich Stölzel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Ordemann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz P. Müller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Flore Sicre-de-Fontbrune
- APHP, Saint Louis Hospital, Hematology Stem cell transplantation, & Inserm UMR 1160, Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Ihorst
- Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kuball
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eva-Maria Wagner
- Dept. of Hematology and Oncology, Universitaetsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jean-Yves Cahn
- Clinique Universitaire Hématologie, Université Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - Jacqueline Schnell
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Kuchenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Donald Bunjes
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ronjon Chakraverty
- Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon Richardson
- Cancer Institute and Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Saar Gill
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Translational Research Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Francis Ayuk
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Luca Vago
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milano, Italy
| | - Antonia M. Müller
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Susan Klaeger
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg; and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Partner Site of the German Cancer Consortium, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Partner Site of the German Cancer Consortium, Freising, Germany
| | - Dennis (Dong Hwan) Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Weisdorf
- Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Daniela Dörfel
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bethge
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inken Hilgendorf
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, IMMZ, ALU, Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Börries
- Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, IMMZ, ALU, Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hauke Busch
- Systems Biology of the Cellular Microenvironment Group, IMMZ, ALU, Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - John Magenau
- Department of Hematology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pavan Reddy
- Department of Hematology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Myriam Labopin
- EBMT Statistical Unit, Hôpital Saint Antoine Paris, France
| | - Joseph H. Antin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea S. Henden
- Bone Marrow Transplant Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia & Department of Haematology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Bone Marrow Transplant Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia & Department of Haematology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Haematology, Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glen A. Kennedy
- Department of Haematology, Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Merav Bar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of WA Seattle, USA
| | - Anita Sarma
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Donal McLornan
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ghulam Mufti
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Betul Oran
- Division of BMT, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Omid Sha
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robert S. Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Division of Hematology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Marco Prinz
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological signaling studies (BIOSS) - University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research (IMMZ), Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Beelen
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerard Socié
- APHP, Saint Louis Hospital, Hematology Stem cell transplantation, & Inserm UMR 1160, Paris, France
| | | | - Eliana Ruggiero
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Unit of Immunogenetics, Leukemia Genomics and Immunobiology, Unit of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele Milano, Italy
| | - Georg Häcker
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Finke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erika Pearce
- Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological signaling studies (BIOSS) - University of Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Park JY, Ligons DL, Park JH. Out-sourcing for Trans-presentation: Assessing T Cell Intrinsic and Extrinsic IL-15 Expression with Il15 Gene Reporter Mice. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e13. [PMID: 29503743 PMCID: PMC5833120 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-15 is a cytokine of the common γ-chain family that is critical for natural killer (NK), invariant natural killer T (iNKT), and CD8 memory T cell development and homeostasis. The role of IL-15 in regulating effector T cell subsets, however, remains incompletely understood. IL-15 is mostly expressed by stromal cells, myeloid cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Whether T cells themselves can express IL-15, and if so, whether such T cell-derived IL-15 could play an autocrine role in T cells are interesting questions that were previously addressed but answered with mixed results. Recently, three independent studies described the generation of IL-15 reporter mice which facilitated the identification of IL-15-producing cells and helped to clarify the role of IL-15 both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the findings of these studies and place them in context of recent reports that examined T cell-intrinsic IL-15 expression during CD4 effector T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Davinna L Ligons
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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26
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Bhaskaran N, Liu Z, Saravanamuthu SS, Yan C, Hu Y, Dong L, Zelenka P, Zheng L, Bletsos V, Harris R, Harrington B, Weinberg A, Thiele CJ, Ye F, Pandiyan P. Identification of Casz1 as a Regulatory Protein Controlling T Helper Cell Differentiation, Inflammation, and Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:184. [PMID: 29467767 PMCID: PMC5808336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While T helper (Th) cells play a crucial role in host defense, an imbalance in Th effector subsets due to dysregulation in their differentiation and expansion contribute to inflammatory disorders. Here, we show that Casz1, whose function is previously unknown in CD4+ T cells, coordinates Th differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Casz1 deficiency in CD4+ T cells lowers susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, consistent with the reduced frequency of Th17 cells, despite an increase in Th1 cells in mice. Loss of Casz1 in the context of mucosal Candida infection severely impairs Th17 and Treg responses, and lowers the ability of the mice to clear the secondary infection. Importantly, in both the models, absence of Casz1 causes a significant diminution in IFN-γ+IL-17A+ double-positive inflammatory Th17 cells (Th1* cells) in tissues in vivo. Transcriptome analyses of CD4+ T cells lacking Casz1 show a signature consistent with defective Th17 differentiation. With regards to Th17 differentiation, Casz1 limits repressive histone marks and enables acquisition of permissive histone marks at Rorc, Il17a, Ahr, and Runx1 loci. Taken together, these data identify Casz1 as a new Th plasticity regulator having important clinical implications for autoimmune inflammation and mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Senthil S. Saravanamuthu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ying Hu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lijin Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peggy Zelenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vassili Bletsos
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rachel Harris
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brenna Harrington
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Carol J. Thiele
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fengchun Ye
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Waickman AT, Ligons DL, Hwang S, Park JY, Lazarevic V, Sato N, Hong C, Park JH. CD4 effector T cell differentiation is controlled by IL-15 that is expressed and presented in trans. Cytokine 2017; 99:266-274. [PMID: 28807496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T cells are both producers and consumers of cytokines, and autocrine cytokine signaling plays a critical role in T cell immunity. IL-15 is a homeostatic cytokine for T cells that also controls inflammatory immune responses. An autocrine role of T cell-derived IL-15, however, remains unclear. Here we examined IL-15 expression and signaling upon effector T cell differentiation in mice, and, surprisingly, found that CD4 T cells did not express IL-15. CD4 T cells lacked Il15 gene reporter activity, did not contain IL-15 transcripts, and did not produce IL-15Rα, the proprietary IL-15 receptor required for IL-15 trans-presentation. Moreover, IL-15 failed to inhibit Th17 cell differentiation and failed to generate Foxp3+ Treg cells in vitro. IL-2, which utilizes the same IL-2Rβ/γc receptor complex, however, successfully did so. Exogenous IL-15 only exerted bioactivity and controlled T cell differentiation when it was trans-presented by IL-15Rα. Consequently, IL-15Rα-bound IL-15, but not free IL-15, suppressed Th17 cell differentiation and induced Treg cell generation. Collectively, these results reveal the absence of an IL-15 autocrine loop in CD4 T cells and strongly suggest that IL-15 trans-presentation by non-CD4 T cells is the primary mechanism via which IL-15 controls CD4 effector T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Waickman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Davinna L Ligons
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - SuJin Hwang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Joo-Young Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Vanja Lazarevic
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Changwan Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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Soundara Rajan T, Giacoppo S, Diomede F, Bramanti P, Trubiani O, Mazzon E. Human periodontal ligament stem cells secretome from multiple sclerosis patients suppresses NALP3 inflammasome activation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:238-252. [PMID: 28764573 PMCID: PMC5815262 DOI: 10.1177/0394632017722332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in recent years has largely explored the immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretory products, called “secretome,” in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. Here, we examined whether such immunosuppressive effects might be elicited due to inflammasome inactivation. To this end, we treated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice model of multiple sclerosis (MS) with the conditioned medium or purified exosomes/microvesicles (EMVs) obtained from relapsing-remitting-MS patients human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and investigated the regulation of NALP3 inflammasome. We noticed enhanced expression of NALP3, Cleaved Caspase 1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 in EAE mouse spinal cord. Conversely, hPDLSCs-conditioned medium and EMVs significantly blocked NALP3 inflammasome activation and provided protection from EAE. Reduction in NALP3, Cleaved Caspase 1, IL-1β, and IL-18 level was noticed in conditioned medium and EMVs-treated EAE mice. Pro-inflammatory Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB were elevated in EAE, while hPDLSCs-conditioned medium and EMVs treatment reduced their expression and increased IκB-α expression. Characterization of hPDLSCs-conditioned medium showed substantial level of anti-inflammatory IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and stromal cell–derived factor 1α (SDF-1α). We propose that the immunosuppressive role of hPDLSCs-derived conditioned medium and EMVs in EAE mice may partly attribute to the presence of soluble immunomodulatory factors, NALP3 inflammasome inactivation, and NF-κB reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesca Diomede
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Oriana Trubiani
- 2 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Li J, Jing J, Bai Y, Li Z, Xing R, Tan B, Ma X, Qiu WW, Du C, Du B, Yang F, Tang J, Siwko S, Liu M, Chen H, Luo J. SH479, a Betulinic Acid Derivative, Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Regulating the T Helper 17/Regulatory T Cell Balance. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:464-474. [PMID: 28213589 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper cells, especially T helper 17 (TH17) cells, combined with immune regulatory network dysfunction, play key roles in autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Betulinic acid (BA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported to be involved in anti-inflammation, in particular having an inhibitory effect on proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. In this study, we screened BA derivatives and found a BA derivative, SH479, that had a greater inhibitory effect on TH17 differentiation. Our further analysis showed that SH479 had a greater inhibitory effect on TH17 and TH1, and a more stimulatory effect on regulatory T (Treg) cells. To evaluate the effects of SH479 on autoimmune diseases in vivo, we employed the extensively used MS mouse model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our results showed that SH479 ameliorated clinical and histologic signs of EAE in both prevention and therapeutic protocols by regulating the TH17/Treg balance. SH479 dose-dependently reduced splenic lymphocyte proinflammatory factors and increased anti-inflammatory factors. Moreover, SH479 specifically inhibited splenic lymphocyte viability from EAE mice but not normal splenic lymphocyte viability. At the molecular level, SH479 inhibited TH17 differentiation by regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) phosphorylation, DNA binding activity, and recruitment to the Il-17a promoter in CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, SH479 promoted the STAT5 signaling pathway and inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Together, our data demonstrated that SH479 ameliorated EAE by regulating the TH17/Treg balance through inhibiting the STAT3 and NF-κB pathways while activating the STAT5 pathway, suggesting that SH479 is a potential novel drug candidate for autoimmune diseases including MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Ji Jing
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Yang Bai
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Roumei Xing
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Binhe Tan
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Xueyun Ma
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Wen-Wei Qiu
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Changsheng Du
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Bing Du
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Stefan Siwko
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Huaqing Chen
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.Li); Shanghai Fengxian District Central Hospital and East China Normal University Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (J.J., Y.B., Z.L., R.X., B.T., X.M., B.D., M.L., H.C., J.Luo); Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (W.-W.Q., F.Y., J.T.); Laboratory of Receptor-Based Bio-medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China (C.D.); Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (S.S., M.L.)
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30
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Goswami R, Kaplan M. STAT Transcription Factors in T Cell Control of Health and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 331:123-180. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Chen Y, Chauhan SK, Tan X, Dana R. Interleukin-7 and -15 maintain pathogenic memory Th17 cells in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2016; 77:96-103. [PMID: 27899224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells are principal mediators of many autoimmune conditions. Recently, memory Th17 cells have been revealed as crucial in mediating the chronicity of various refractory autoimmune disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms maintaining memory Th17 cells have remained elusive. Here, using a preclinical model of ocular autoimmune disease we show that both IL-7 and IL-15 are critical for maintaining pathogenic memory Th17 cells. Neutralization of these cytokines leads to substantial reduction of memory Th17 cells; both IL-7 and IL-15 provide survival signals via activating STAT5, and IL-15 provides additional proliferation signals via activating both STAT5 and Akt. Topical neutralization of ocular IL-7 or IL-15 effectively reduces memory Th17 cells at the inflammatory site and draining lymphoid tissues, while topical neutralization of IL-17 alone, the major pathogenic cytokine secreted by Th17 cells, does not diminish memory Th17 cells at the draining lymphoid tissues. Our results suggest that the effective removal of pathogenic memory Th17 cells via abolishing environmental IL-7 or IL-15 is likely to be a novel strategy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xuhua Tan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Willi M, Yoo KH, Wang C, Trajanoski Z, Hennighausen L. Differential cytokine sensitivities of STAT5-dependent enhancers rely on Stat5 autoregulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10277-10291. [PMID: 27694626 PMCID: PMC5137441 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines utilize the transcription factor STAT5 to control cell-specific genes at a larger scale than universal genes, with a mechanistic explanation yet to be supplied. Genome-wide studies have identified putative STAT5-based mammary-specific and universal enhancers, an opportunity to investigate mechanisms underlying their differential response to cytokines. We have now interrogated the integrity and function of both categories of regulatory elements using biological and genetic approaches. During lactation, STAT5 occupies mammary-specific and universal cytokine-responsive elements. Following lactation, prolactin levels decline and mammary-specific STAT5-dependent enhancers are decommissioned within 24 h, while universal regulatory complexes remain intact. These differential sensitivities are linked to STAT5 concentrations and the mammary-specific Stat5 autoregulatory enhancer. In its absence, mammary-specific enhancers, but not universal elements, fail to be fully established. Upon termination of lactation STAT5 binding to a subset of mammary enhancers is substituted by STAT3. No STAT3 binding was observed at the most sensitive STAT5 enhancers suggesting that upon hormone withdrawal their chromatin becomes inaccessible. Lastly, we demonstrate that the mammary-enriched transcription factors GR, ELF5 and NFIB associate with STAT5 at sites lacking bona fide binding motifs. This study provides, for the first time, molecular insight into the differential sensitivities of mammary-specific and universal cytokine-sensing enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Willi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kyung Hyun Yoo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Life Systems, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaochen Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Read KA, Powell MD, McDonald PW, Oestreich KJ. IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15: Multistage regulators of CD4(+) T helper cell differentiation. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:799-808. [PMID: 27423815 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines represent a class of environmental factors that are critical drivers of immune cell development. Cytokines of the common gamma-chain family, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15, have been the subject of intense experimental scrutiny and have well-defined roles as regulators of diverse immune cell types including CD4(+) T helper cells. Because of their pleiotropic effects on T-cell development and function, researchers and clinicians have attempted to harness the capabilities of these cytokines for therapeutic benefit. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these cytokines on CD4(+) T cell development and briefly discuss how these immunomodulatory cytokines are being used in efforts to treat human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael D Powell
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA; Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - Kenneth J Oestreich
- Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, VA; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA.
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Patel S, Akalkotkar A, Bivona JJ, Lee JY, Park YK, Yu M, Colpitts SL, Vajdy M. Vitamin A or E and a catechin synergize as vaccine adjuvant to enhance immune responses in mice by induction of early interleukin-15 but not interleukin-1β responses. Immunology 2016; 148:352-62. [PMID: 27135790 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins A and E and select flavonoids in the family of catechins are well-defined small molecules that, if proven to possess immunomodulatory properties, hold promise as vaccine adjuvants and various therapies. In an effort to determine the in vivo immunomodulatory properties of these molecules, we found that although mucosal and systemic vaccinations with a recombinant HIV-1BaL gp120 with either a catechin, epigallo catechin gallate (EGCG) or pro-vitamin A (retinyl palmitate) alone in a vegetable-oil-in-water emulsion (OWE) suppressed antigen-specific responses, the combination of EGCG and vitamin A or E in OWE (Nutritive Immune-enhancing Delivery System, NIDS) synergistically enhanced adaptive B-cell, and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses, following induction of relatively low local and systemic innate tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-17, but relatively high levels of early systemic IL-15 responses. For induction of adaptive interferon-γ and TNF-α responses by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, the adjuvant effect of NIDS was dependent on both IL-15 and its receptor. In addition, the anti-oxidant activity of NIDS correlated positively with higher expression of the superoxide dismutase 1, an enzyme involved in reactive oxygen species elimination but negatively with secretion of IL-1β. This suggests that the mechanism of action of NIDS is dependent on anti-oxidant activity and IL-15, but independent of IL-1β and inflammasome formation. These data show that this approach in nutritive vaccine adjuvant design holds promise for the development of potentially safer effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Sara L Colpitts
- Department of Immunology, Health Center for Integrated Immunology and Vaccine Research, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
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Patterns of Transcriptional Response to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide in Primary Human Monocytes. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2016; 6:1345-55. [PMID: 26976439 PMCID: PMC4856085 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.028712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), plays an important immunomodulatory role, regulating transcription of genes in the innate and adaptive immune system. The present study examines patterns of transcriptome-wide response to 1,25D, and the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in primary human monocytes, to elucidate pathways underlying the effects of 1,25D on the immune system. Monocytes obtained from healthy individuals of African-American and European-American ancestry were treated with 1,25D, LPS, or both, simultaneously. The addition of 1,25D during stimulation with LPS induced significant upregulation of genes in the antimicrobial and autophagy pathways, and downregulation of proinflammatory response genes compared to LPS treatment alone. A joint Bayesian analysis enabled clustering of genes into patterns of shared transcriptional response across treatments. The biological pathways enriched within these expression patterns highlighted several mechanisms through which 1,25D could exert its immunomodulatory role. Pathways such as mTOR signaling, EIF2 signaling, IL-8 signaling, and Tec Kinase signaling were enriched among genes with opposite transcriptional responses to 1,25D and LPS, respectively, highlighting the important roles of these pathways in mediating the immunomodulatory activity of 1,25D. Furthermore, a subset of genes with evidence of interethnic differences in transcriptional response was also identified, suggesting that in addition to the well-established interethnic variation in circulating levels of vitamin D, the intensity of transcriptional response to 1,25D and LPS also varies between ethnic groups. We propose that dysregulation of the pathways identified in this study could contribute to immune-mediated disease risk.
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Cala CM, Moseley CE, Steele C, Dowdy SM, Cutter GR, Ness JM, DeSilva TM. T cell cytokine signatures: Biomarkers in pediatric multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 297:1-8. [PMID: 27397070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple sclerosis is predominantly regarded as a disease of young adulthood, up to 5% of MS patients are diagnosed prior to age eighteen. The predominant form of MS is relapsing-remitting characterized by exacerbations of symptoms followed by periods of remission. The majority of disease modifying drugs target T cell proliferation or block migration into the central nervous system. Although these treatments reduce relapses, disease progression still occurs, warranting therapeutic strategies that protect the CNS. Biomarkers to indicate relapses would facilitate a personalized approach for add-on therapies that protect the CNS. A multiplex cytokine bead array was performed to detect T cell associated cytokines in sera from patients 6-20years of age with pediatric onset MS clinically diagnosed in relapse or remission compared to healthy control patients. Of the 25 cytokines evaluated, 17 were increased in patients clinically diagnosed in relapse compared to sera from control patients in contrast to only 9 cytokines in the clinically diagnosed remission group. Furthermore, a linear regression analysis of cytokine levels in the remission population showed 12 cytokines to be statistically elevated as a function of disease duration, with no effect observed in the relapse population. To further explore this concept, we used a multivariable stepwise discriminate analysis and found that the following four cytokines (IL-10, IL-21, IL-23, and IL-27) are not only a significant predictor for MS, but have important predictive value in determining a relapse. Since IL-10 and IL-27 are considered anti-inflammatory and IL-21 and IL-23 are pro-inflammatory, ratios of these cytokines were evaluated using a Duncan's multiple range test. Of the six possible combinations, increased ratios of IL-10:IL-21, IL-10:IL-23, and IL-10:IL-27 were significant suggesting levels of IL-10 to be a driving force in predicting a relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cather M Cala
- Department of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Carson E Moseley
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Sarah M Dowdy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Gary R Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jayne M Ness
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Tara M DeSilva
- Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Physical Medicine Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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Tosiek MJ, Fiette L, El Daker S, Eberl G, Freitas AA. IL-15-dependent balance between Foxp3 and RORγt expression impacts inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10888. [PMID: 26964669 PMCID: PMC4792960 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of CD4+ T cells to change their phenotype and to specialize into different functional subsets may enhance the risk of autoimmune diseases. Here we investigate how a pleiotropic cytokine interleukin (IL)-15 may modify the functional commitment of CD4+ T cells expressing the lineage-associated transcription factors: forkhead box P3 (Foxp3; Treg) and RORγt (Th17) in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We demonstrate in mice that impaired delivery of IL-15 to CD4+ T cells in the colon downmodulates Foxp3 expression (diminishing STAT5 phosphorylation) and enhances RORγt expression (by upregulating the expression of Runx1). In consequence, CD4+ T cells deprived of IL-15 rapidly trigger IBD characterized by enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ, IL-6) and accumulation of Th1/Th17 cells. Overall, our findings indicate a potentially beneficial role of IL-15 in IBD by fine-tuning the balance between Treg and Th17 cells and controlling intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena J. Tosiek
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS, URA1961, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Fiette
- Unité d'Histopathologie Humaine et Modèles Animaux, Department of Infection and Epidemiology, Institut Pasteur, Hôpital Ste Anne, 75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Hôpital Ste Anne, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sary El Daker
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS, URA1961, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- CNRS, URA1961, 75015 Paris, France
- Unité de Développement des Tissus Lymphoïdes, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Antonio A. Freitas
- Unité de Biologie des Populations Lymphocytaires, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- CNRS, URA1961, 75015 Paris, France
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Li R, Rezk A, Healy LM, Muirhead G, Prat A, Gommerman JL, Bar-Or A. Cytokine-Defined B Cell Responses as Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2016; 6:626. [PMID: 26779181 PMCID: PMC4705194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Important antibody-independent pathogenic roles of B cells are emerging in autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The contrasting results of different treatments targeting B cells in patients (in spite of predictions of therapeutic benefits from animal models) call for a better understanding of the multiple roles that distinct human B cell responses likely play in MS. In recent years, both murine and human B cells have been identified with distinct functional properties related to their expression of particular cytokines. These have included regulatory (Breg) B cells (secreting interleukin (IL)-10 or IL-35) and pro-inflammatory B cells (secreting tumor necrosis factor α, LTα, IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor). Better understanding of human cytokine-defined B cell responses is necessary in both health and diseases, such as MS. Investigation of their surface phenotype, distinct functions, and the mechanisms of regulation (both cell intrinsic and cell extrinsic) may help develop effective treatments that are more selective and safe. In this review, we focus on mechanisms by which cytokine-defined B cells contribute to the peripheral immune cascades that are thought to underlie MS relapses, and the impact of B cell-directed therapies on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Ayman Rezk
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Luke M Healy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Gillian Muirhead
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Université de Montreal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | | | - Amit Bar-Or
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Experimental Therapeutics Program, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Schwingshackl A, Kimura D, Rovnaghi CR, Saravia JS, Cormier SA, Teng B, West AN, Meduri UG, Anand KJS. Regulation of inflammatory biomarkers by intravenous methylprednisolone in pediatric ARDS patients: Results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized pilot trial. Cytokine 2016; 77:63-71. [PMID: 26545141 PMCID: PMC4666843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A double-blind, randomized controlled trial showed that low-dose glucocorticoid therapy in pediatric ARDS patients is feasible and may improve both ventilation and oxygenation indices in these patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying potential changes in outcomes remain unclear. Based on these clinical findings, this study was designed to examine the effects of intravenous methylprednisolone on circulating inflammatory biomarkers in pediatric ARDS patients. DESIGN Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial with blood collection on study entry and day 7. SETTING Tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS Children (0-18years) with ARDS undergoing mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS 35 children were randomized within 72h of mechanical ventilation. The glucocorticoid group received methylprednisolone 2mg/kg loading dose followed by 1mg/kg/day continuous infusion from days 1 to 7. Both groups were ventilated following the ARDSnet recommendations. WBC and differential cell counts, plasma cytokines and CRP levels, and coagulation parameters were analyzed on days 0 and 7. RESULTS At study entry, the placebo group had higher IL-15 and basophil levels. On day 7, in comparison to study entry, the placebo group had lower IL-1α, IFN-γ and IL-10 levels. The glucocorticoid group had lower INF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, G-CSF and GM-CSF levels, and higher IL-17α levels on day 7 in comparison to study entry. Total and differential cell counts remained unchanged within the placebo group between days 0 and 7, whereas in the glucocorticoid group total WBC and platelets counts were increased on day 7. Pearson's correlation studies within the placebo and glucocorticoid groups revealed positive and negative correlations between cytokine levels, cell counts, coagulation parameters and relevant clinical parameters of disease severity identified in our previous study. Multiple regression models identified several cytokines as predictors for alterations in clinical parameters of disease severity. CONCLUSION This pilot study shows the feasibility of simultaneously measuring multiple inflammatory cytokines, cell counts and coagulation parameters in pediatric ARDS patients. We report statistical models that may be useful for future, larger trials to predict ARDS severity and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schwingshackl
- Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Dai Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Cynthia R Rovnaghi
- Pain Neurobiology Laboratory, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jordy S Saravia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Bin Teng
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alina N West
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Umberto G Meduri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Jabri B, Abadie V. IL-15 functions as a danger signal to regulate tissue-resident T cells and tissue destruction. Nat Rev Immunol 2015; 15:771-83. [PMID: 26567920 PMCID: PMC5079184 DOI: 10.1038/nri3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this Opinion article, we discuss the function of tissues as a crucial checkpoint for the regulation of effector T cell responses, and the notion that interleukin-15 (IL-15) functions as a danger molecule that communicates to the immune system that the tissue is under attack and poises it to mediate tissue destruction. More specifically, we propose that expression of IL-15 in tissues promotes T helper 1 cell-mediated immunity and provides co-stimulatory signals to effector cytotoxic T cells to exert their effector functions and drive tissue destruction. Therefore, we think that IL-15 contributes to tissue protection by promoting the elimination of infected cells but that when its expression is chronically dysregulated, it can promote the development of complex T cell-mediated disorders associated with tissue destruction, such as coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bana Jabri
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery (KCBD), Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Valérie Abadie
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, University of Montreal, and the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
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Yu H, Sui Y, Wang Y, Sato N, Frey B, Xia Z, Waldmann TA, Berzofsky J. Interleukin-15 Constrains Mucosal T Helper 17 Cell Generation: Influence of Mononuclear Phagocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143001. [PMID: 26600079 PMCID: PMC4658142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-15 has multiple roles in innate and adaptive immunity, especially regarding CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells. However, the role of IL-15 in regulating differentiation of T helper cell subsets and mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) in different tissues in vivo is unknown. Here we report that IL-15 indirectly regulates Th17 but not other Th subsets in the intestinal lamina propria (LP), apparently through effects on MPs. Th17 cells in the LP were more prevalent in IL-15 KO mice than their wild-type counterparts, and less prevalent in IL-15 transgenic mice than their wild-type littermates, even co-caged. MPs from the LP of these mice were sufficient to mimic the in vivo finding in vitro by skewing of cocultured wild type OVA-specific CD4+ T cells. However, production of IL-15 or lack thereof by these MPs was not sufficient to explain the skewing, as addition or blockade of IL-15 in the cultures had no effect. Rather, a skewing of the relative proportion of CD11b+, CD103+ and double positive LP MP subsets in transgenic and KO could explain the differences in Th17 cells. Thus, IL-15 may influence MP subsets in the gut in a novel way that alters the frequency of LP Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Yu
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YS); (JB)
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Noriko Sato
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Blake Frey
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zheng Xia
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jay Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YS); (JB)
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Roberts CA, Dickinson AK, Taams LS. The Interplay Between Monocytes/Macrophages and CD4(+) T Cell Subsets in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2015; 6:571. [PMID: 26635790 PMCID: PMC4652039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by inflammation of the synovial lining (synovitis). The inflammation in the RA joint is associated with and driven by immune cell infiltration, synovial hyperproliferation, and excessive production of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon γ (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-17, eventually resulting in damage to the cartilage and underlying bone. The RA joint harbors a wide range of immune cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, and CD4(+) T cells (both proinflammatory and regulatory). The interplay between CD14(+) myeloid cells and CD4(+) T cells can significantly influence CD4(+) T cell function, and conversely, effector vs. regulatory CD4(+) T cell subsets can exert profound effects on monocyte/macrophage function. In this review, we will discuss how the interplay between CD4(+) T cells and monocytes/macrophages may contribute to the immunopathology of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceri A Roberts
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Abigail K Dickinson
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London , London , UK
| | - Leonie S Taams
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation (CMCBI), Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London , London , UK
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TIR Domain-Containing Adapter-Inducing Beta Interferon (TRIF) Mediates Immunological Memory against Bacterial Pathogens. Infect Immun 2015; 83:4404-15. [PMID: 26351279 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00674-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of adaptive immunity leads to the establishment of immunological memory; however, how innate immunity regulates memory T cell function remains obscure. Here we show a previously undefined mechanism in which innate and adaptive immunity are linked by TIR domain-containing adapter-inducing beta interferon (TRIF) during establishment and reactivation of memory T cells against Gram-negative enteropathogens. Absence of TRIF in macrophages (Mϕs) but not dendritic cells led to a predominant generation of CD4(+) central memory T cells that express IL-17 during enteric bacterial infection in mice. TRIF-dependent type I interferon (IFN) signaling in T cells was essential to Th1 lineage differentiation and reactivation of memory T cells. TRIF activated memory T cells to facilitate local neutrophil influx and enhance bacterial elimination. These results highlight the importance of TRIF as a mediator of the innate and adaptive immune interactions in achieving the protective properties of memory immunity against Gram-negative bacteria and suggest TRIF as a potential therapeutic target.
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Lombard C, André F, Paul J, Wanty C, Vosters O, Bernard P, Pilette C, Dupont P, Sokal EM, Smets F. Clinical Parameters vs Cytokine Profiles as Predictive Markers of IgE-Mediated Allergy in Young Children. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26214693 PMCID: PMC4516234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergy afflicts one third of children, negatively impacting their quality of life and generating a significant socio-economic burden. To this day, this disorder remains difficult to diagnose early in young patients, with no predictive test available. Objective This study was designed to correlate cytokine profiles with clinical phenotypes of allergy development. Methods Three hundred patients were recruited and followed from birth to 18 months of age. They were given a clinical exam at birth and at 2, 6, 12, and 18 months of age, with skin prick tests at 6, and 18 months, in order to have a record of their medical history and determine their allergic status. In addition, mononuclear cells from 131 patients were isolated from cord blood and from peripheral blood samples at 2, 6 and 18 months of age, to analyse their cytokine and chemokine production. Results Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) from future Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated allergic children produced significantly less Interleukin (IL)-12p70 and IL-15 than cells from the rest of the cohort. Multivariate analyses revealed that the best predictive model of allergy was built on cytokine data, whereas the best predictive model of IgE-mediated allergy was built on clinical parameters. Conclusions and clinical relevance Although univariate analyses can yield interesting information regarding the immune responses of allergic children, finding predictive markers of the disorder will likely rely on monitoring multiple parameters. Nonetheless these analyses suggest a potential key role for IL-15 in the development of atopic disease. In addition, the study highlights the importance of clinical parameters in predicting the development of IgE-mediated allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lombard
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Floriane André
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Paul
- Machine Learning Group, ICTEAM institute, INGI Department, Louvain School of Engineering, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Catherine Wanty
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Pierre Bernard
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Obstetric unit, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, IREC, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Pneumology Department and Center for Allergy, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dupont
- Machine Learning Group, ICTEAM institute, INGI Department, Louvain School of Engineering, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Smets
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
The development and homeostasis of γδ T cells is highly dependent on distinct cytokine networks. Here we examine the role of IL-15 and its unique receptor, IL-15Rα, in the development of IL-17-producing γδ (γδ-17) T cells. Phenotypic analysis has shown that CD44(high) γδ-17 cells express IL-15Rα and the common gamma chain (CD132), yet lack the IL-2/15Rβ chain (CD122). Surprisingly, we found an enlarged population of γδ-17 cells in the peripheral and mesenteric lymph nodes of adult IL-15Rα KO mice, but not of IL-15 KO mice. The generation of mixed chimeras from neonatal thymocytes indicated that cell-intrinsic IL-15Rα expression was required to limit IL-17 production by γδ T cells. γδ-17 cells also were increased in the peripheral lymph nodes of transgenic knock-in mice, where the IL-15Rα intracellular signaling domain was replaced with the intracellular portion of the IL-2Rα chain (that lacks signaling capacity). Finally, an analysis of neonatal thymi revealed that the CD44(lo/int) precursors of γδ-17 cells, which also expressed IL-15Rα, were increased in newborn mice deficient in IL-15Rα signaling, but not in IL-15 itself. Thus, these findings demonstrate that signaling through IL-15Rα regulates the development of γδ-17 cells early in ontogeny, with long-term effects on their peripheral homeostasis in the adult.
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Pandiyan P, Zhu J. Origin and functions of pro-inflammatory cytokine producing Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Cytokine 2015; 76:13-24. [PMID: 26165923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory cells (Tregs) are a special lineage of cells central in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, and are targeted for human immunotherapy. They are conventionally associated with the production of classical anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, TGF-β and IL-35, consistent to their anti-inflammatory functions. However, emerging evidence show that they also express effector cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17A under inflammatory conditions. While some studies reveal that these pro-inflammatory cytokine producing Foxp3(+) regulatory cells retain their suppressive ability, others believe that these cells are dys-regulated and are associated with perpetuation of immunopathology. Therefore the development of these cells may challenge the efficacy of human Treg therapy. Mechanistically, toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and the pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu have been shown to play important roles in the induction of effector cytokines in Tregs. Here we review the mechanisms of development and the possible functions of pro-inflammatory cytokine producing Foxp3+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Fiocco U, Martini V, Accordi B, Caso F, Costa L, Oliviero F, Scanu A, Facco M, Boso D, Gatto M, Felicetti M, Frallonardo P, Ramonda R, Piva L, Zambello R, Agostini C, Scarpa R, Basso G, Semenzato G, Dayer JM, Punzi L, Doria A. Transcriptional network profile on synovial fluid T cells in psoriatic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34:1571-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-3002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bhaskaran N, Weinberg A, Pandiyan P. Th17 inflammation model of oropharyngeal candidiasis in immunodeficient mice. J Vis Exp 2015:52538. [PMID: 25742163 PMCID: PMC4354660 DOI: 10.3791/52538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (OPC) disease is caused not only due to the lack of host immune resistance, but also the absence of appropriate regulation of infection-induced immunopathology. Although Th17 cells are implicated in antifungal defense, their role in immunopathology is unclear. This study presents a method for establishing oral Th17 immunopathology associated with oral candidal infection in immunodeficient mice. The method is based on reconstituting lymphopenic mice with in vitro cultured Th17 cells, followed by oral infection with Candida albicans (C. albicans). Results show that unrestrained Th17 cells result in inflammation and pathology, and is associated with several measurable read-outs including weight loss, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, tongue histopathology and mortality, showing that this model may be valuable in studying OPC immunopathology. Adoptive transfer of regulatory cells (Tregs) controls and reduces the inflammatory response, showing that this model can be used to test new strategies to counteract oral inflammation. This model may also be applicable in studying oral Th17 immunopathology in general in the context of other oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Bhaskaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Aaron Weinberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Pushpa Pandiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University;
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Hou MS, Huang ST, Tsai MH, Yen CC, Lai YG, Liou YH, Lin CK, Liao NS. The interleukin-15 system suppresses T cell-mediated autoimmunity by regulating negative selection and nT(H)17 cell homeostasis in the thymus. J Autoimmun 2014; 56:118-29. [PMID: 25500198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-15 (IL-15) system is important for regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, however, its role in autoimmune disease remained unclear. Here we found that Il15(-/-) and Il15ra(-/-) mice spontaneously developed late-onset autoimmune phenotypes. CD4(+) T cells of the knockout mice showed elevated autoreactivity as demonstrated by the induction of lymphocyte infiltration in the lacrimal and salivary glands when transferred into nude mice. The antigen-presenting cells in the thymic medullary regions expressed IL-15 and IL-15Rα, whose deficiency resulted in insufficient negative selection and elevated number of natural IL-17A-producing CD4(+) thymocytes. These findings reveal previously unknown functions of the IL-15 system in thymocyte development, and thus a new layer of regulation in T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mau-Sheng Hou
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Huang
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Cheng Yen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yein-Gei Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yae-Huei Liou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kung Lin
- Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Shih Liao
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Wang J, Li F, Wei H, Lian ZX, Sun R, Tian Z. Respiratory influenza virus infection induces intestinal immune injury via microbiota-mediated Th17 cell-dependent inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2397-410. [PMID: 25366965 PMCID: PMC4235643 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Wang et al. examine how influenza A virus causes GI symptoms. Intranasal infection in mice causes intestinal pathology via virally activated CD4 T cells in the lung up-regulating CCR9 and migrating to the intestine where they secrete IFN-γ that alters homeostasis of the microbiota. Subsequent induction of IL-15 aids differentiation into pathogenic Th17 cells in the gut. Influenza in humans is often accompanied by gastroenteritis-like symptoms such as diarrhea, but the underlying mechanism is not yet understood. We explored the occurrence of gastroenteritis-like symptoms using a mouse model of respiratory influenza infection. We found that respiratory influenza infection caused intestinal injury when lung injury occurred, which was not due to direct intestinal viral infection. Influenza infection altered the intestinal microbiota composition, which was mediated by IFN-γ produced by lung-derived CCR9+CD4+ T cells recruited into the small intestine. Th17 cells markedly increased in the small intestine after PR8 infection, and neutralizing IL-17A reduced intestinal injury. Moreover, antibiotic depletion of intestinal microbiota reduced IL-17A production and attenuated influenza-caused intestinal injury. Further study showed that the alteration of intestinal microbiota significantly stimulated IL-15 production from intestinal epithelial cells, which subsequently promoted Th17 cell polarization in the small intestine in situ. Thus, our findings provide new insights into an undescribed mechanism by which respiratory influenza infection causes intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Fengqi Li
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunology and CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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