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Richter FC, Friedrich M, Kampschulte N, Piletic K, Alsaleh G, Zummach R, Hecker J, Pohin M, Ilott N, Guschina I, Wideman SK, Johnson E, Borsa M, Hahn P, Morriseau C, Hammock BD, Schipper HS, Edwards CM, Zechner R, Siegmund B, Weidinger C, Schebb NH, Powrie F, Simon AK. Adipocyte autophagy limits gut inflammation by controlling oxylipin and IL-10. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112202. [PMID: 36795015 PMCID: PMC10015370 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a major role in inflammatory diseases by altering inflammatory cell functions, either through their function as energy substrates or as lipid mediators such as oxylipins. Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway that limits inflammation, is known to impact on lipid availability, however, whether this controls inflammation remains unexplored. We found that upon intestinal inflammation visceral adipocytes upregulate autophagy and that adipocyte-specific loss of the autophagy gene Atg7 exacerbates inflammation. While autophagy decreased lipolytic release of free fatty acids, loss of the major lipolytic enzyme Pnpla2/Atgl in adipocytes did not alter intestinal inflammation, ruling out free fatty acids as anti-inflammatory energy substrates. Instead, Atg7-deficient adipose tissues exhibited an oxylipin imbalance, driven through an NRF2-mediated upregulation of Ephx1. This shift reduced secretion of IL-10 from adipose tissues, which was dependent on the cytochrome P450-EPHX pathway, and lowered circulating levels of IL-10 to exacerbate intestinal inflammation. These results suggest an underappreciated fat-gut crosstalk through an autophagy-dependent regulation of anti-inflammatory oxylipins via the cytochrome P450-EPHX pathway, indicating a protective effect of adipose tissues for distant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Friedrich
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nadja Kampschulte
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of WuppertalWuppertalGermany
| | - Klara Piletic
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Ghada Alsaleh
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Julia Hecker
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and RheumatologyCampus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermany
| | - Mathilde Pohin
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nicholas Ilott
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Sarah Karin Wideman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Errin Johnson
- The Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mariana Borsa
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Paula Hahn
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Christophe Morriseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | - Henk Simon Schipper
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Center for Translational ImmunologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Claire M Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Botnar Research CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and RheumatologyCampus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermany
| | - Carl Weidinger
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and RheumatologyCampus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermany
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of WuppertalWuppertalGermany
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Max Delbrück CenterBerlinGermany
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2
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Duan H, Jing L, Xiang J, Ju C, Wu Z, Liu J, Ma X, Chen X, Liu Z, Feng J, Yan X. CD146 Associates with Gp130 to Control a Macrophage Pro-inflammatory Program That Regulates the Metabolic Response to Obesity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103719. [PMID: 35258174 PMCID: PMC9069186 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of obesity-related metabolic dysfunction involves the development of systemic inflammation, largely mediated by macrophages. Switching of M1-like adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) to M2-like ATMs, a population of macrophages associated with weight loss and insulin sensitivity, is considered a viable therapeutic strategy for obesity-related metabolic syndrome. However, mechanisms for reestablishing the polarization of ATMs remain elusive. This study demonstrates that CD146+ ATMs accumulate in adipose tissue during diet-induced obesity and are associated with increased body weight, systemic inflammation, and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Inactivating the macrophage CD146 gene or antibody targeting of CD146 alleviates obesity-related chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Macrophage CD146 interacts with Glycoprotein 130 (Gp130), the common subunit of the receptor signaling complex for the interleukin-6 family of cytokines. CD146/Gp130 interaction promotes pro-inflammatory polarization of ATMs by activating JNK signaling and inhibiting the activation of STAT3, a transcription factor for M2-like polarization. Disruption of their interaction by anti-CD146 antibody or interleukin-6 steers ATMs toward anti-inflammatory polarization, thus attenuating obesity-induced chronic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in mice. The results suggest that macrophage CD146 is an important determinant of pro-inflammatory polarization and plays a pivotal role in obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction. CD146 could constitute a novel therapeutic target for obesity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Duan
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Lin Jing
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Jianquan Xiang
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Chenhui Ju
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Xinran Ma
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Jing Feng
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide PharmaceuticalInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences19A Yuquan RoadBeijing100049China
- Joint Laboratory of Nanozymes in Zhengzhou UniversitySchool of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
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Muenzebrock KA, Kersten V, Alblas J, Garcia JP, Creemers LB. The Added Value of the “Co” in Co-Culture Systems in Research on Osteoarthritis Pathology and Treatment Development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:843056. [PMID: 35309991 PMCID: PMC8927651 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.843056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease and a major health burden. Its development and progression are influenced by factors such as age, obesity or joint overuse. As a whole organ disease OA affects not only cartilage, bone and synovium but also ligaments, fatty or nervous tissue surrounding the joint. These joint tissues interact with each other and understanding this interaction is important in developing novel treatments. To incorporate and study these interactions in OA research, several co-culture models have evolved. They combine two or more cell types or tissues and investigate the influence of amongst others inflammatory or degenerative stimuli seen in OA. This review focuses on co-cultures and the differential processes occurring in a given tissue or cell as a consequence of being combined with another joint cell type or tissue, and/or the extent to which a co-culture mimics the in vivo processes. Most co-culture models depart from synovial lining and cartilage culture, but also fat pad and bone have been included. Not all of the models appear to reflect the postulated in vivo OA pathophysiology, although some of the discrepancies may indicate current assumptions on this process are not entirely valid. Systematic analysis of the mutual influence the separate compartments in a given model exert on each other and validation against in vivo or ex vivo observation is still largely lacking and would increase their added value as in vitro OA models.
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Jangra A, Sharma G, Sihag S, Chhokar V. The dark side of miracle plant-Aloe vera: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5029-5040. [PMID: 35092563 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), commonly known as Ghritkumari/Gwarpatha, is a member of the Liliaceae family, used in the traditional medicine system for ages. Aloe vera has made its importance as a therapeutic agent, acting as a cure for various diseases such as skin problems, lungs, and heart disorders, diabetes, ulcers, various microbial infections, and asthma. Despite its tremendous health benefits, the dark side of the plant is a reason of concern as there are several active compounds present in the plant, raising questions on its safe oral consumption and application. METHODS AND RESULTS The literature review was compiled from information resourced from various national and international journals available at Google Scholar and curated with Mendeley. The data mining was carried out during the period of January to May 2021. This study explored and summarized the dark side of Aloe vera, subjected to various secondary metabolites present in it. Aloin, the most active compound of Aloe vera, is a type of anthraquinone metabolized by human gut microflora, resulting in the formation of aloe-emodin anthraquinone, later being associated with several harmful effects such as carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and purgative. Besides this, several alkaloids and polysaccharides present in the plant are reported to cause hepatotoxicity and male infertility, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The harmful effects of the plants are not adequately discovered yet; hence there is a need to come up with some mechanism to understand and suppress the formation of such toxic compounds completely. This review examined the botany, active compounds, and adverse clinical effects in the range of metabolites associated with this herb - "Aloe vera".
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Jangra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sonia Sihag
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Chhokar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India.
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Sabatino V, Orefice I, Marotta P, Ambrosino L, Chiusano ML, d'Ippolito G, Romano G, Fontana A, Ferrante MI. Silencing of a Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis lipoxygenase transcript leads to reduced oxylipin production and impaired growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:809-822. [PMID: 34533849 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Because of their importance as chemical mediators, the presence of a rich and varied family of lipoxygenase (LOX) products, collectively named oxylipins, has been investigated thoroughly in diatoms, and the involvement of these products in important processes such as bloom regulation has been postulated. Nevertheless, little information is available on the enzymes and pathways operating in these protists. Exploiting transcriptome data, we identified and characterized a LOX gene, PaLOX, in Pseudo-nitzschia arenysensis, a marine diatom known to produce different species of oxylipins by stereo- and regio-selective oxidation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at C12 and C15. PaLOX RNA interference correlated with a decrease of the lipid-peroxidizing activity and oxylipin synthesis, as well as with a reduction of growth of P. arenysensis. In addition, sequence analysis and structure models of the C-terminal part of the predicted protein closely fitted with the data for established LOXs from other organisms. The presence in the genome of a single LOX gene, whose downregulation impairs both 12- and 15-oxylipins synthesis, together with the in silico 3D protein modelling suggest that PaLOX encodes for a 12/15S-LOX with a dual specificity, and provides additional support to the correlation between cell growth and oxylipin biosynthesis in diatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sabatino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Ida Orefice
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Pina Marotta
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Chiusano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Giuliana d'Ippolito
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli - Naples, I-80078, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 1, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli - Naples, I-80078, Italy
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, Napoli, 80126, Italy
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Moon JS, da Cunha FF, Huh JY, Andreyev AY, Lee J, Mahata SK, Reis FC, Nasamran CA, Lee YS. ANT2 drives proinflammatory macrophage activation in obesity. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147033. [PMID: 34676827 PMCID: PMC8564915 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage proinflammatory activation is an important etiologic component of the development of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a mitochondrial inner membrane protein, adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2), mediates proinflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in obesity. Ant2 expression was increased in ATMs of obese mice compared with lean mice. Myeloid-specific ANT2-knockout (ANT2-MKO) mice showed decreased adipose tissue inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in HFD/obesity. At the molecular level, we found that ANT2 mediates free fatty acid–induced mitochondrial permeability transition, leading to increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and damage. In turn, this increased HIF-1α expression and NF-κB activation, leading to proinflammatory macrophage activation. Our results provide a previously unknown mechanism for how obesity induces proinflammatory activation of macrophages with propagation of low-grade chronic inflammation (metaflammation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Su Moon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Flavia Franco da Cunha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jin Young Huh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alexander Yu Andreyev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jihyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Felipe Cg Reis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Li Z, Huang Z, Bai L. Cell Interplay in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720477. [PMID: 34414194 PMCID: PMC8369508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease and a significant health concern that needs to be urgently solved. OA affects the cartilage and entire joint tissues, including the subchondral bone, synovium, and infrapatellar fat pads. The physiological and pathological changes in these tissues affect the occurrence and development of OA. Understanding complex crosstalk among different joint tissues and their roles in OA initiation and progression is critical in elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of OA. In this review, we begin with an overview of the role of chondrocytes, synovial cells (synovial fibroblasts and macrophages), mast cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, various stem cells, and engineered cells (induced pluripotent stem cells) in OA pathogenesis. Then, we discuss the various mechanisms by which these cells communicate, including paracrine signaling, local microenvironment, co-culture, extracellular vesicles (exosomes), and cell tissue engineering. We particularly focus on the therapeutic potential and clinical applications of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, which serve as modulators of cell-to-cell communication, in the field of regenerative medicine, such as cartilage repair. Finally, the challenges and limitations related to exosome-based treatment for OA are discussed. This article provides a comprehensive summary of key cells that might be targets of future therapies for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Foreign Languages College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lunhao Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Bourgeois C, Gorwood J, Olivo A, Le Pelletier L, Capeau J, Lambotte O, Béréziat V, Lagathu C. Contribution of Adipose Tissue to the Chronic Immune Activation and Inflammation Associated With HIV Infection and Its Treatment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670566. [PMID: 34220817 PMCID: PMC8250865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (AT) contributes significantly to inflammation – especially in the context of obesity. Several of AT’s intrinsic features favor its key role in local and systemic inflammation: (i) large distribution throughout the body, (ii) major endocrine activity, and (iii) presence of metabolic and immune cells in close proximity. In obesity, the concomitant pro-inflammatory signals produced by immune cells, adipocytes and adipose stem cells help to drive local inflammation in a vicious circle. Although the secretion of adipokines by AT is a prime contributor to systemic inflammation, the lipotoxicity associated with AT dysfunction might also be involved and could affect distant organs. In HIV-infected patients, the AT is targeted by both HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). During the primary phase of infection, the virus targets AT directly (by infecting AT CD4 T cells) and indirectly (via viral protein release, inflammatory signals, and gut disruption). The initiation of ART drastically changes the picture: ART reduces viral load, restores (at least partially) the CD4 T cell count, and dampens inflammatory processes on the whole-body level but also within the AT. However, ART induces AT dysfunction and metabolic side effects, which are highly dependent on the individual molecules and the combination used. First generation thymidine reverse transcriptase inhibitors predominantly target mitochondrial DNA and induce oxidative stress and adipocyte death. Protease inhibitors predominantly affect metabolic pathways (affecting adipogenesis and adipocyte homeostasis) resulting in insulin resistance. Recently marketed integrase strand transfer inhibitors induce both adipocyte adipogenesis, hypertrophy and fibrosis. It is challenging to distinguish between the respective effects of viral persistence, persistent immune defects and ART toxicity on the inflammatory profile present in ART-controlled HIV-infected patients. The host metabolic status, the size of the pre-established viral reservoir, the quality of the immune restoration, and the natural ageing with associated comorbidities may mitigate and/or reinforce the contribution of antiretrovirals (ARVs) toxicity to the development of low-grade inflammation in HIV-infected patients. Protecting AT functions appears highly relevant in ART-controlled HIV-infected patients. It requires lifestyle habits improvement in the absence of effective anti-inflammatory treatment. Besides, reducing ART toxicities remains a crucial therapeutic goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bourgeois
- CEA - Université Paris Saclay - INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Jennifer Gorwood
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), FRM EQU201903007868, Paris, France
| | - Anaelle Olivo
- CEA - Université Paris Saclay - INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laura Le Pelletier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), FRM EQU201903007868, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), FRM EQU201903007868, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- CEA - Université Paris Saclay - INSERM U1184, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Béréziat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), FRM EQU201903007868, Paris, France
| | - Claire Lagathu
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardio-métabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), FRM EQU201903007868, Paris, France
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Almeida L, Everts B. Fa(c)t checking: How fatty acids shape metabolism and function of macrophages and dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1628-1640. [PMID: 33788250 PMCID: PMC8359938 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there have been major advances in our understanding of the role of free fatty acids (FAs) and their metabolism in shaping the functional properties of macrophages and DCs. This review presents the most recent insights into how cell intrinsic FA metabolism controls DC and macrophage function, as well as the current evidence of the importance of various exogenous FAs (such as polyunsaturated FAs and their oxidation products—prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and proresolving lipid mediators) in affecting DC and macrophage biology, by modulating their metabolic properties. Finally, we explore whether targeted modulation of FA metabolism of myeloid cells to steer their function could hold promise in therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Almeida
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Zeng N, Yan ZP, Chen XY, Ni GX. Infrapatellar Fat Pad and Knee Osteoarthritis. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1317-1328. [PMID: 33014539 PMCID: PMC7505265 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent arthritis typically characterized by degradation of cartilage. However, its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Currently, osteoarthritis is best considered a disease of the whole "joint organ". Infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), an adipose tissue near synovium, is now attaching importance to researchers for its inflammatory phenotype. In this narrative review, a large body of evidence has been gathered for the involvement of IFP in the development of knee osteoarthritis. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of how IFP can be involved in this process have been proposed. However, further investigations are needed to better understand its precise role in this process and its underlying mechanism, and beyond that, to develop new strategies to slow down the degenerative process and explore an effective and timely diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Guo-Xin Ni, School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
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Greif DN, Kouroupis D, Murdock CJ, Griswold AJ, Kaplan LD, Best TM, Correa D. Infrapatellar Fat Pad/Synovium Complex in Early-Stage Knee Osteoarthritis: Potential New Target and Source of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:860. [PMID: 32850724 PMCID: PMC7399076 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) has until recently been viewed as a densely vascular and innervated intracapsular/extrasynovial tissue with biomechanical roles in the anterior compartment of the knee. Over the last decade, secondary to the proposition that the IFP and synovium function as a single unit, its recognized tight molecular crosstalk with emerging roles in the pathophysiology of joint disease, and the characterization of immune-related resident cells with varying phenotypes (e.g., pro and anti-inflammatory macrophages), this structural complex has gained increasing attention as a potential therapeutic target in patients with various knee pathologies including osteoarthritis (KOA). Furthermore, the description of the presence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) as perivascular cells within the IFP (IFP-MSC), exhibiting immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic and neutralizing activities over key local mediators, has promoted the IFP as an alternative source of MSC for cell-based therapy protocols. These complementary concepts have supported the growing notion of immune and inflammatory events participating in the pathogenesis of KOA, with the IFP/synovium complex engaging not only in amplifying local pathological responses, but also as a reservoir of potential therapeutic cell-based products. Consequently, the aim of this review is to outline the latest discoveries related with the IFP/synovium complex as both an active participant during KOA initiation and progression thus emerging as a potential target, and a source of therapeutic IFP-MSCs. Finally, we discuss how these notions may help the design of novel treatments for KOA through modulation of local cellular and molecular cascades that ultimately lead to joint destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan N Greif
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Christopher J Murdock
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anthony J Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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12
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa), while accounting for only 3% of all women’s cancer, is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women. One of the most significant obstacles to successful OvCa treatment is chemoresistance. The current lack of understanding of the driving mechanisms underlying chemoresistance hinders the development of effective therapeutics against this obstacle. Adipocytes are key components of the OvCa microenvironment and have been shown to be involved in OvCa cell proliferation, however, little is known about their impact on OvCa chemoresistance. In the current study, we found that adipocytes, of both subcutaneous and visceral origin, secrete factors that enhance the resistance of OvCa cells against chemotherapeutic drugs by activating the Akt pathway. Importantly, we have demonstrated that secreted lipids mediate adipocyte-induced chemoresistance. Through a comprehensive lipidomic analysis, we have identified this chemo-protective lipid mediator as arachidonic acid (AA). AA acts on OvCa cells directly, not through its downstream derivatives such as prostaglandins, to activate Akt and inhibit cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our study has identified adipocytes and their secreted AA as important mediators of OvCa chemoresistance. Strategies that block the production of AA from adipocytes or block its anti-apoptotic function may potentially inhibit chemoresistance in OvCa patients.
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13
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Del Cornò M, Conti L, Gessani S. Innate Lymphocytes in Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Their Alterations in Obesity and Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2556. [PMID: 30455701 PMCID: PMC6230679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of death, with burden expected to increase in the coming years. Enhanced adiposity, particularly visceral fat, is associated with increased cancer incidence representing an important indicator of survival, prognosis, recurrence rates, and response to therapy for several tumors including CRC. Compelling evidence has been achieved that the low-grade chronic inflammation characterizing obesity represents a main factor that can favor carcinogenesis. Adipocytes and adipose tissue (AT) infiltrating immune cells contribute to obesity-related inflammation by releasing soluble factors affecting, both locally and systemically, the function of several cell types, including immune and cancer cells. The unbalanced production of immune mediators as well as the profound changes in the repertoire and activation state of immune cells in AT of obese subjects represent key events in the processes that set the basis for a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. AT harbors a unique profile of immune cells of different origin that play an important role in tissue homeostasis. Among these, tissue-resident innate lymphocytes are emerging as important AT components whose depletion/aberrant activation occurring in obesity could have an impact on inflammation and immune-surveillance against tumors. However, a direct link between obesity-induced dysfunction and cancer development has not been demonstrated yet. In this review, we provide an overview of human obesity- and CRC-induced alterations of blood and adipose tissue-associated innate lymphocytes, and discuss how the adipose tissue microenvironment in obesity might influence the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Del Cornò
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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14
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Wang CY, Li SJ, Wu TW, Lin HJ, Chen JW, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST, Chen CY. The role of pericardial adipose tissue in the heart of obese minipigs. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12942. [PMID: 29682734 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) volume is highly associated with the presence and severity of cardiometabolic diseases, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We previously demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD) induced metabolic dysregulation, cardiac fibrosis and accumulation of more PAT in minipigs. This study used our obese minipig model to investigate the characteristics of PAT and omental visceral fat (VAT) induced by a HFD, and the potential link between PAT and HFD-related myocardial fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five-month-old Lee-Sung minipigs were made obese by feeding a HFD for 6 months. RESULTS The HFD induced dyslipidemia, cardiac fibrosis and more fat accumulation in the visceral and pericardial depots. The HFD changes the fatty acid composition in the adipose tissue by decreasing the portion of linoleic acid in the VAT and PAT. No arachidonic acid was detected in the VAT and PAT of control pigs, whereas it existed in the same tissues of obese pigs fed the HFD. Compared with the control pigs, elevated levels of malondialdehyde and TNFα were exhibited in the plasma and PAT of obese pigs. HFD induced greater size of adipocytes in VAT and PAT. Higher levels of GH, leptin, OPG, PDGF, resistin, SAA and TGFβ were observed in obese pig PAT compared to VAT. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the similarities and dissimilarities between PAT and VAT under HFD stimulus. In addition, this study suggested that alteration in PAT contributed to the myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Twin-Way Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Jen Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Wei Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Harry J Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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15
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de Visser HM, Mastbergen SC, Ravipati S, Welsing PMJ, Pinto FC, Lafeber FPJG, Chapman V, Barrett DA, Weinans H. Local and systemic inflammatory lipid profiling in a rat model of osteoarthritis with metabolic dysregulation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196308. [PMID: 29684084 PMCID: PMC5912715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bioactive oxidised lipids (oxylipins) are important signalling mediators, capable of modulating the inflammatory state of the joint and anticipated to be of importance in joint homeostasis and status of osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to quantify oxylipin levels in plasma and synovial fluid from rats with experimentally induced osteoarthritis to investigate the potential role of oxylipins as a marker in the disease process of early osteoarthritis. Design Forty rats were randomly allocated to a standard or high-fat diet group. After 12 weeks, local cartilage damage was induced in one knee joint in 14 rats of each diet group. The remaining 6 rats per group served as controls. At week 24, samples were collected. Oxylipin levels were quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results Overall, 31 lipid-derived inflammatory mediators were detected in fasted plasma and synovial fluid. Principal component analysis identified four distinct clusters associated with histopathological changes. Diet induced differences were evident for 13 individual plasma oxylipins, as well as 5,6-EET in synovial fluid. Surgical-model induced differences were evident for three oxylipins in synovial fluid (15-HETE, 8,9-DHET and 17R-ResolvinD1) with a different response in lipid concentrations for synovial fluid and plasma. Conclusions We demonstrate the quantification of oxidised lipids in rat plasma and synovial fluid in a model of early experimental osteoarthritis. Oxylipins in the synovial fluid that were altered as consequence of the surgically induced osteoarthritis were not represented in the plasma. Our findings suggest differential roles of the oxylipins in the local versus peripheral compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. de Visser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. C. Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - S. Ravipati
- School of Pharmacy (DAB, FCP) and School of Life Sciences (VC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - P. M. J. Welsing
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F. C. Pinto
- School of Pharmacy (DAB, FCP) and School of Life Sciences (VC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - F. P. J. G. Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - V. Chapman
- School of Pharmacy (DAB, FCP) and School of Life Sciences (VC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kindom
| | - D. A. Barrett
- School of Pharmacy (DAB, FCP) and School of Life Sciences (VC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - H. Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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16
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Del Cornò M, D'Archivio M, Conti L, Scazzocchio B, Varì R, Donninelli G, Varano B, Giammarioli S, De Meo S, Silecchia G, Pennestrì F, Persiani R, Masella R, Gessani S. Visceral fat adipocytes from obese and colorectal cancer subjects exhibit distinct secretory and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles and deliver immunosuppressive signals to innate immunity cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63093-63105. [PMID: 27494857 PMCID: PMC5325349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflammatory state representing an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Adipocytes strongly contribute to inflammation by producing inflammatory mediators. In this study we investigated the role of human visceral fat adipocytes in regulating the functions of innate immunity cells. Adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from obese (n = 14) and CRC (lean, n = 14; obese, n = 13) subjects released higher levels of pro-inflammatory/immunoregulatory factors as compared to ACM from healthy lean subjects (n = 13). Dendritic cells (DC), differentiated in the presence of ACM from obese and CRC subjects, expressed elevated levels of the inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and PD-L2, and showed a reduced IL-12/IL-10 ratio in response to both TLR ligand- and γδ T lymphocyte-induced maturation. Furthermore, CRC patient-derived ACM inhibited DC-mediated γδ T cell activation. The immunosuppressive signals delivered by ACM from obese and CRC individuals were associated with a pro-inflammatory secretory and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of adipocytes. Interestingly, STAT3 activation in adipocytes correlated with dihomo-γlinolenic acid content and was further induced by arachidonic acid, which conversely down-modulated PPARγ. These results provide novel evidence for a cross-talk between human adipocytes and innate immunity cells whose alteration in obesity and CRC may lead to immune dysfunctions, thus setting the basis for cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Del Cornò
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Archivio
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scazzocchio
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Varì
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Donninelli
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Varano
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Giammarioli
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone De Meo
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotecnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Masella
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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17
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d'Ippolito G, Nuzzo G, Sardo A, Manzo E, Gallo C, Fontana A. Lipoxygenases and Lipoxygenase Products in Marine Diatoms. Methods Enzymol 2018; 605:69-100. [PMID: 29909839 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine diatoms negatively affect reproduction and later larval development of dominant zooplankton grazers such as copepods, thereby lowering the recruitment of the next generations of these small crustaceans that are a major food source for larval fish species. The phenomenon has been explained in terms of chemical defense due to grazer-induced synthesis of oxylipins, lipoxygenase-derived oxygenated fatty acid derivatives. Since this first report, studies about diatom oxylipins have multiplied and broadened toward other aspects concerning bloom dynamics, cell growth, and cell differentiation. Diatom oxylipins embrace a number of diverse structures that are recognized as chemical signals in ecological and physiological processes in many other organisms. In diatoms, the most studied examples include polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) and nonvolatile oxylipins (NVOs). The purpose of this chapter is to provide the analytical tools to deal with identification, analysis and biosynthesis of these compounds. Emphasis is given to identification of the enzymatic steps and characterization of the species-specific lipoxygenases even in absence of the availability of molecular information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana d'Ippolito
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Genoveffa Nuzzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Sardo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliano Manzo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Gallo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Fontana
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
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18
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Verboven K, Wouters K, Gaens K, Hansen D, Bijnen M, Wetzels S, Stehouwer CD, Goossens GH, Schalkwijk CG, Blaak EE, Jocken JW. Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte size, lipolysis and inflammation relate to insulin resistance in male obese humans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4677. [PMID: 29549282 PMCID: PMC5856747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22962-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a disturbed adipose tissue (AT) function characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, an impaired lipolysis and pro-inflammatory phenotype, which contributes to insulin resistance (IR). We investigated whether AT phenotype in different AT depots of obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with whole-body IR. Subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (V) AT biopsies from 18 lean, 17 obese and 8 obese T2DM men were collected. AT phenotype was characterized by ex vivo measurement of basal and stimulated lipolysis (mature adipocytes), adipocyte size distribution (AT tissue sections) and AT immune cells (flow cytometry). In VAT, mean adipocyte size, CD45+ leukocytes and M1 macrophages were significantly increased in both obese groups compared to lean individuals. In SCAT, despite adipocyte hypertrophy, no significant differences in immune cell populations between groups were found. In SCAT, multiple linear regression analysis showed that none of the AT phenotype markers independently contributed to HOMA-IR while in VAT, mean adipocyte size was significantly related to HOMA-IR. In conclusion, beside adipocyte hypertrophy in VAT, M1 macrophage- or B-cell-mediated inflammation, may contribute to IR, while inflammation in hypertrophic SCAT does not seem to play a major role in IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Verboven
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - K Wouters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Gaens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D Hansen
- Rehabilitation Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - M Bijnen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S Wetzels
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C D Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J W Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that metabolic processes and individual metabolites can shape the function of immune cells and thereby play important roles in the outcome of immune responses. In this respect, the use of MS- and NMR spectroscopy-based platforms to characterize and quantify metabolites in biological samples has recently yielded important novel insights into how our immune system functions and has contributed to the identification of biomarkers for immune-mediated diseases. Here, these recent immunological studies in which metabolomics has been used and made significant contributions to these fields will be discussed. In particular the role of metabolomics to the rapidly advancing field of cellular immunometabolism will be highlighted as well as the future prospects of such metabolomic tools in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
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20
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Duwaerts CC, Amin AM, Siao K, Her C, Fitch M, Beysen C, Turner SM, Goodsell A, Baron JL, Grenert JP, Cho SJ, Maher JJ. Specific Macronutrients Exert Unique Influences on the Adipose-Liver Axis to Promote Hepatic Steatosis in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 4. [PMID: 28649594 PMCID: PMC5472193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The factors that distinguish metabolically healthy obesity from metabolically unhealthy obesity are not well understood. Diet has been implicated as a determinant of the unhealthy obesity phenotype, but which aspects of the diet induce dysmetabolism are unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate whether specific macronutrients or macronutrient combinations provoke dysmetabolism in the context of isocaloric, high-energy diets. METHODS Mice were fed 4 high-energy diets identical in calorie and nutrient content but different in nutrient composition for 3 weeks to 6 months. The test diets contained 42% carbohydrate (sucrose or starch) and 42% fat (oleate or palmitate). Weight and glucose tolerance were monitored; blood and tissues were collected for histology, gene expression, and immunophenotyping. RESULTS Mice gained weight on all 4 test diets but differed significantly in other metabolic outcomes. Animals fed the starch-oleate diet developed more severe hepatic steatosis than those on other formulas. Stable isotope incorporation showed that the excess hepatic steatosis in starch-oleate-fed mice derived from exaggerated adipose tissue lipolysis. In these mice, adipose tissue lipolysis coincided with adipocyte necrosis and inflammation. Notably, the liver and adipose tissue abnormalities provoked by starch-oleate feeding were reproduced when mice were fed a mixed-nutrient Western diet with 42% carbohydrate and 42% fat. CONCLUSIONS The macronutrient composition of the diet exerts a significant influence on metabolic outcome, independent of calories and nutrient proportions. Starch-oleate appears to cause hepatic steatosis by inducing progressive adipose tissue injury. Starch-oleate phenocopies the effect of a Western diet; consequently, it may provide clues to the mechanism whereby specific nutrients cause metabolically unhealthy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Duwaerts
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Amin M. Amin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Kevin Siao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Chris Her
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | | | | | - Amanda Goodsell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jody L. Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - James P. Grenert
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California,Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Soo-Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jacquelyn J. Maher
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California,The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Jacquelyn J. Maher, MD, Liver Center Laboratory, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 40, Room 4102, San Francisco, California 94110. fax: (415) 641-0517.Liver Center Laboratory1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 40, Room 4102San FranciscoCalifornia 94110
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21
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Murakami K. Potential of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators against rheumatic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:155-63. [PMID: 27320930 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.39.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
While arachidonic acid (AA), which is classified into n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), has been mainly recognized as a substrate of pro-inflammatory mediators, eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid, which are classified into n-3 PUFA, is currently identified as substrates of mediators inducing resolution of inflammation, namely pro-resolving mediators (SPM). As with any other pathological conditions, it is gradually elucidated that SPMs contributes a certain effect on joint inflammation. In osteoarthritis (OA), Lipid fractions extracted from adipocytes, especially in infrapatellar fat pad rather than subcutaneous tissue induce T cell skewing for producing IFN-γ or decrease the production of IL-12p40 from macrophages. In synovial tissues form OA, there are some of known receptors for SPM. In the synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it could be identified and quantified a certain kind of SPMs such as maresin 1, lipoxin A4 and resolvin D5. In murine models of arthritis, some of SPMs are found to have some functions to reduce tissue damage. Correctively, SPMs might have some potential to a novel therapeutic target for arthritis or any other rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Murakami
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Hospital
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22
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Wu J, Jiao ZY, Li RZ, Lu HL, Zhang HH, Cianflone K. Cholinergic activation suppresses palmitate-induced macrophage activation and improves acylation stimulating protein resistance in co-cultured adipocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:961-973. [PMID: 28440734 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217700522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), produced through activation of the alternative complement immune system, modulates lipid metabolism. Using a trans-well co-culture cell model, the mitigating role of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR)-mediated cholinergic pathway on ASP resistance was evaluated. ASP signaling in adipocytes via its receptor C5L2 and signaling intermediates Gαq, Gβ, phosphorylated protein kinase C-α, and protein kinase C-ζ were markedly suppressed in the presence of TNFα or medium from palmitate-treated RAW264.7 macrophages, indicating ASP resistance. There was no direct effect of α7nAChR activation in 3T3-L1 cell culture. However, α7nAChR activation almost completely reversed the ASP resistance in adipocytes co-cultured with palmitate-treated RAW264.7 macrophages. Further, α7nAChR activation could suppress the production of pro-inflammatory molecules TNFα and interleukin-6 produced from palmitate-treated co-cultured macrophages. These results suggest that macrophages play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ASP resistance and α7nAChR activation secondarily improves adipose ASP resistance through suppression of inflammation in macrophages. Impact statement 1. Adipocyte-macrophage interaction in acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) resistance 2. Lipotoxicity induced inflammatory response in ASP resistance 3. A vicious circle between lipotoxicity and inflammatory response in ASP resistance 4. Cholinergic modulation of inflammatory response in adipocyte and macrophage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhou-Yang Jiao
- 2 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Rui-Zhen Li
- 3 Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Wuhan Medical and Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Hui-Ling Lu
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao-Hao Zhang
- 5 Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- 6 Centre de Recherche Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie and Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Ville de Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Alperi-López M, López P, Ballina-García FJ, Suárez A. Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Profiling in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Associations with Clinical Features and Th1 Response. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159573. [PMID: 27487156 PMCID: PMC4972416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Since lipid compounds are known to modulate the function of CD4+ T-cells and macrophages, we hypothesize that altered levels of serum non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) may underlie rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Methods Serum levels of NEFA (palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, γ-linoleic, arachidonic –AA–, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic –EPA– and docosahexaenoic –DHA–) were quantified by LC-MS/MS after methyl-tert-butylether (MTBE)-extraction in 124 RA patients and 56 healthy controls (HC). CD4+ phenotype was studied by flow cytometry. TNFα, IL-8, VEGF, GM-CSF, IFNγ, IL-17, CCL2, CXCL10, leptin and resistin serum levels were quantified by immunoassays. The effect of FA on IFNγ production by PBMC was evaluated in vitro. Results Lower levels of palmitic (p<0.0001), palmitoleic (p = 0.002), oleic (p = 0.010), arachidonic (p = 0.027), EPA (p<0.0001) and DHA (p<0.0001) were found in RA patients, some NEFA being altered at onset. Cluster analysis identified a NEFA profile (hallmarked by increased stearic and decreased EPA and DHA) overrepresented in RA patients compared to HC (p = 0.002), being associated with clinical features (RF, shared epitope and erosions), increased IFNγ expression in CD4+ T-cells (p = 0.002) and a Th1-enriched serum milieu (IFNγ, CCL2 and CXCL10, all p<0.005). In vitro assays demonstrated that imbalanced FA could underlie IFNγ production by CD4+ T-cells. Finally, changes on NEFA levels were associated with clinical response upon TNFα-blockade. Conclusion An altered NEFA profile can be found in RA patients associated with clinical characteristics of aggressive disease and enhanced Th1 response. These results support the relevance of lipidomic studies in RA and provide a rationale for new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alperi-López
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Patricia López
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Ana Suárez
- Area of Immunology, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Differentiation of preadipocytes and mature adipocytes requires PSMB8. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26791. [PMID: 27225296 PMCID: PMC4880908 DOI: 10.1038/srep26791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of adipocytes is tightly regulated by a variety of intrinsic molecules and also by extrinsic molecules produced by adjacent cells. Dysfunction of adipocyte differentiation causes lipodystrophy, which impairs glucose and lipid homeostasis. Although dysfunction of immunoproteasomes causes partial lipodystrophy, the detailed molecular mechanisms remain to be determined. Here, we demonstrate that Psmb8, a catalytic subunit for immunoproteasomes, directly regulates the differentiation of preadipocytes and additionally the differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. Psmb8(-/-) mice exhibited slower weight gain than wild-type mice, and this was accompanied by reduced adipose tissue volume and smaller size of mature adipocytes compared with controls. Blockade of Psmb8 activity in 3T3-L1 cells disturbed the differentiation to mature adipocytes. Psmb8(-/-) mice had fewer preadipocyte precursors, fewer preadipocytes and a reduced ability to differentiate preadipocytes toward mature adipocytes. Our data demonstrate that Psmb8-mediated immunoproteasome activity is a direct regulator of the differentiation of preadipocytes and their ultimate maturation.
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Santangelo KS, Radakovich LB, Fouts J, Foster MT. Pathophysiology of obesity on knee joint homeostasis: contributions of the infrapatellar fat pad. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2016; 26:97-108. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating condition characterized by inflammation, breakdown, and consequent loss of cartilage of the joints. Epidemiological studies indicate obesity is an important risk factor involved in OA initiation and progression. Traditional views propose OA to be a biomechanical consequence of excess weight on weight-bearing joints; however, emerging data demonstrates that systemic and local factors released from white adipose depots play a role. Hence, current views characterize OA as a condition exacerbated by a metabolic link related to adipose tissue, and not solely related to redistributed/altered weight load. Factors demonstrated to influence cartilage and bone homeostasis include adipocyte-derived hormones (“adipokines”) and adipose depot released cytokines. Epidemiological studies demonstrate a positive relation between systemic circulating cytokines, leptin, and resistin with OA types, while the association with adiponectin is controversial. Local factors in joints have also been shown to play a role in OA. In particular, this includes the knee, a weight-bearing joint that encloses a relatively large adipose depot, the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), which serves as a source of local inflammatory factors. This review summarizes the relation of obesity and OA as it specifically relates to the IFP and other integral supporting structures. Overall, studies support the concept that metabolic effects associated with systemic obesity also extend to the IFP, which promotes inflammation, pain, and cartilage destruction within the local knee joint environment, thus contributing to development and progression of OA.
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Falank C, Fairfield H, Reagan MR. Signaling Interplay between Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Multiple Myeloma cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:67. [PMID: 27379019 PMCID: PMC4911365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the year 2000, Hanahan and Weinberg (1) defined the six Hallmarks of Cancer as: self-sufficiency in growth signals, evasion of apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth mechanisms, tissue invasion and metastasis, limitless replicative potential, and sustained angiogenesis. Eleven years later, two new Hallmarks were added to the list (avoiding immune destruction and reprograming energy metabolism) and two new tumor characteristics (tumor-promoting inflammation and genome instability and mutation) (2). In multiple myeloma (MM), a destructive cancer of the plasma cell that grows predominantly in the bone marrow (BM), it is clear that all these hallmarks and characteristics are in play, contributing to tumor initiation, drug resistance, disease progression, and relapse. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a newly recognized contributor to MM oncogenesis and disease progression, potentially affecting MM cell metabolism, immune action, inflammation, and influences on angiogenesis. In this review, we discuss the confirmed and hypothetical contributions of BMAT to MM development and disease progression. BMAT has been understudied due to technical challenges and a previous lack of appreciation for the endocrine function of this tissue. In this review, we define the dynamic, responsive, metabolically active BM adipocyte. We then describe how BMAT influences MM in terms of: lipids/metabolism, hypoxia/angiogenesis, paracrine or endocrine signaling, and bone disease. We then discuss the connection between BMAT and systemic inflammation and potential treatments to inhibit the feedback loops between BM adipocytes and MM cells that support MM progression. We aim for researchers to use this review to guide and help prioritize their experiments to develop better treatments or a cure for cancers, such as MM, that associate with and may depend on BMAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Falank
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Michaela R. Reagan
- Reagan Laboratory, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Michaela R. Reagan,
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Lipid mediators of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2015; 29:741-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Caspar-Bauguil S, Kolditz CI, Lefort C, Vila I, Mouisel E, Beuzelin D, Tavernier G, Marques MA, Zakaroff-Girard A, Pecher C, Houssier M, Mir L, Nicolas S, Moro C, Langin D. Fatty acids from fat cell lipolysis do not activate an inflammatory response but are stored as triacylglycerols in adipose tissue macrophages. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2627-36. [PMID: 26245186 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Activation of macrophages by fatty acids (FAs) is a potential mechanism linking obesity to adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and insulin resistance. Here, we investigated the effects of FAs released during adipocyte lipolysis on AT macrophages (ATMs). METHODS Human THP-1 macrophages were treated with media from human multipotent adipose-derived stem (hMADS) adipocytes stimulated with lipolytic drugs. Macrophages were also treated with mixtures of FAs and an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4, since this receptor is activated by saturated FAs. Levels of mRNA and the secretion of inflammation-related molecules were measured in macrophages. FA composition was determined in adipocytes, conditioned media and macrophages. The effect of chronic inhibition or acute activation of fat cell lipolysis on ATM response was investigated in vivo in mice. RESULTS Whereas palmitic acid alone activates THP-1, conditioned media from hMADS adipocyte lipolysis had no effect on IL, chemokine and cytokine gene expression, and secretion by macrophages. Mixtures of FAs representing de novo lipogenesis or habitual dietary conditions also had no effect. FAs derived from adipocyte lipolysis were taken up by macrophages and stored as triacylglycerol droplets. In vivo, chronic treatment with an antilipolytic drug did not modify gene expression and number of ATMs in mice with intact or defective Tlr4. Stimulation of adipocyte lipolysis increased storage of neutral lipids by macrophages without change in number and phenotype. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that adipocyte lipolysis does not activate inflammatory pathways in ATMs, which instead may act as scavengers of FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Caspar-Bauguil
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine-Ines Kolditz
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Lefort
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Vila
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Diane Beuzelin
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Tavernier
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Adeline Marques
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexia Zakaroff-Girard
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Inserm, UMR1048, Cytometry Facility, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
- Inserm, UMR1048, Team 1, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Christiane Pecher
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
- Inserm, UMR1048, Cytometry Facility, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
| | - Marianne Houssier
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucile Mir
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Nicolas
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Moro
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Obesity Research Laboratory, Team 4, CHU Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
- University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
- Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
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Fu Y, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Griffin TM. Effect of Aging on Adipose Tissue Inflammation in the Knee Joints of F344BN Rats. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2015; 71:1131-40. [PMID: 26450946 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glv151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) secretes inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritic knees, but the effect of aging on IFP inflammation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that aging increases basal and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-stimulated IFP inflammation in 10-, 20-, and 30-month-old male F344BN F1-hybrid rats. IFPs were cultured ex vivo for 24 hours and treated ±1ng/mL IL-1β to simulate injury-induced inflammation. IFP inflammation was evaluated by measuring secreted cytokine concentrations and by quantitative expression of immunoregulatory and pro- and anti-adipogenic genes. With age, osteoarthritis pathology increased and IFP mass decreased. Although adipocyte size did not change with age, variation in adipocyte size was positively associated with synovial thickness independent of age whereas associations with cartilage damage were age dependent. In the absence of IL-1β, aging was associated with a significant increase in IFP secretion of tumor necrosis factor α by 67% and IL-13 by 35% and a reduction in the expression of immunoregulatory M2 macrophage genes. However, following an IL-1β challenge, adipogenesis markers decreased and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines increased independent of age. The lone exception was leptin, which decreased >70% with age. Thus, although aging promotes osteoarthritis risk by increasing basal inflammation, our findings also revealed a potentially protective effect of aging by decreasing IL-1β-stimulated leptin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | | | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.
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Ioan-Facsinay A, Kloppenburg M. An emerging player in knee osteoarthritis: the infrapatellar fat pad. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:225. [PMID: 24367915 PMCID: PMC3979009 DOI: 10.1186/ar4422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation in the development, progression, and clinical features of osteoarthritis has become an area of intense research in recent years. This led to the recognition of synovitis as an important source of inflammation in the joint and indicated that synovitis is intimately associated with pain and osteoarthritis progression. In this review, we discuss another emerging source of inflammation that could play a role in disease development/progression: the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). The aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive view of the pathology of IFP as obtained from magnetic resonance studies, along with its characterization at both the cellular and the molecular level. Furthermore, we discuss the possible function of this organ in the pathological processes in the knee by summarizing the knowledge regarding the interactions between IFP and other joint tissues and discussing the pro- versus anti-inflammatory functions this tissue could have. We hope that this review will offer an overview of all published data regarding the IFP and will indicate novel directions for future research.
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31
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Analysis of biologically-active, endogenous carboxylic acids based on chromatography-mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kloos DP, Gay E, Lingeman H, Bracher F, Müller C, Mayboroda OA, Deelder AM, Niessen WMA, Giera M. Comprehensive gas chromatography-electron ionisation mass spectrometric analysis of fatty acids and sterols using sequential one-pot silylation: quantification and isotopologue analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1507-1514. [PMID: 24861601 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fatty acids and sterol lipids play crucial roles in several biological processes and several biological facts underline the interconnection between these lipid classes. Therefore, it is of interest to develop a comprehensive method analysing both classes in the form of their most favourable derivatives suitable for quantification and isotopologue analysis. METHODS Lipids were derivatised by a sequential one-pot procedure using N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MtBSTFA) and N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). No clean-up or concentration steps were necessary. The prepared samples were directly available for gas chromatography-electron ionisation mass spectrometric (GC-EI-MS) analysis on a standard column. For quantification, the SIM mode was used and for isotopologue analysis scheduled scan mode was applied. RESULTS Development of a sequential one-pot derivatisation for GC-EI-MS allowing comprehensive analysis of fatty acids and sterols as their most favourable derivatives. Validation carried out using human plasma, comparison with certified NIST plasma. LLOQ of usually 3.3 ng/mL achieved. Isotopologue analysis of 2-[(13)C]-acetate incorporation in HL-60 cells proving feasibility of method. CONCLUSIONS The presented method successfully combines two consecutive silylation reactions in one pot, enabling the analysis of both fatty acids and sterols in a comprehensive analytical method. The method has great potential for the quantification of lipids as well as the comprehensive study of both biochemical pathways, using [(13)C]-flux analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick-Paul Kloos
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands; AIMMS Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Fornetti J, Martinson HA, Betts CB, Lyons TR, Jindal S, Guo Q, Coussens LM, Borges VF, Schedin P. Mammary gland involution as an immunotherapeutic target for postpartum breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:213-28. [PMID: 24952477 PMCID: PMC4363120 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-014-9322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postpartum mammary gland involution has been identified as tumor-promotional and is proposed to contribute to the increased rates of metastasis and poor survival observed in postpartum breast cancer patients. In rodent models, the involuting mammary gland microenvironment is sufficient to induce enhanced tumor cell growth, local invasion, and metastasis. Postpartum involution shares many attributes with wound healing, including upregulation of genes involved in immune responsiveness and infiltration of tissue by immune cells. In rodent models, treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ameliorates the tumor-promotional effects of involution, consistent with the immune milieu of the involuting gland contributing to tumor promotion. Currently, immunotherapy is being investigated as a means of breast cancer treatment with the purpose of identifying ways to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Here we review evidence for postpartum mammary gland involution being a uniquely defined 'hot-spot' of pro-tumorigenic immune cell infiltration, and propose that immunotherapy should be explored for prevention and treatment of breast cancers that arise in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fornetti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Young Women’s Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Program in Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Holly A. Martinson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Young Women’s Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Young Women’s Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cell Biology, Stem cells, and Development, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Traci R. Lyons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Young Women’s Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sonali Jindal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Young Women’s Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Qiuchen Guo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Young Women’s Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Virginia F. Borges
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Young Women’s Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pepper Schedin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Young Women’s Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1665 Aurora Court, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Program in Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Cell Biology, Stem cells, and Development, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Woo SL, Xu H, Li H, Zhao Y, Hu X, Zhao J, Guo X, Guo T, Botchlett R, Qi T, Pei Y, Zheng J, Xu Y, An X, Chen L, Chen L, Li Q, Xiao X, Huo Y, Wu C. Metformin ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation without altering adipose phenotype in diet-induced obesity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91111. [PMID: 24638078 PMCID: PMC3956460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance. To better understand the pathophysiology of obesity-associated NAFLD, the present study examined the involvement of liver and adipose tissues in metformin actions on reducing hepatic steatosis and inflammation during obesity. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity-associated NAFLD and treated with metformin (150 mg/kg/d) orally for the last four weeks of HFD feeding. Compared with HFD-fed control mice, metformin-treated mice showed improvement in both glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Also, metformin treatment caused a significant decrease in liver weight, but not adiposity. As indicated by histological changes, metformin treatment decreased hepatic steatosis, but not the size of adipocytes. In addition, metformin treatment caused an increase in the phosphorylation of liver AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which was accompanied by an increase in the phosphorylation of liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase and decreases in the phosphorylation of liver c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and in the mRNA levels of lipogenic enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines. However, metformin treatment did not significantly alter adipose tissue AMPK phosphorylation and inflammatory responses. In cultured hepatocytes, metformin treatment increased AMPK phosphorylation and decreased fat deposition and inflammatory responses. Additionally, in bone marrow-derived macrophages, metformin treatment partially blunted the effects of lipopolysaccharide on inducing the phosphorylation of JNK1 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and on increasing the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results suggest that metformin protects against obesity-associated NAFLD largely through direct effects on decreasing hepatocyte fat deposition and on inhibiting inflammatory responses in both hepatocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Lung Woo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Honggui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America; Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America; Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rachel Botchlett
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ting Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ya Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America; Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiming Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiaofei An
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Laboratory of Lipid & Glucose Metabolism, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America; Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Yoshizumi T, Ikegami T, Bekki Y, Ninomiya M, Uchiyama H, Iguchi T, Yamashita YI, Kawanaka H, Shirabe K, Maehara Y. Re-evaluation of the predictive score for 6-month graft survival in living donor liver transplantation in the modern era. Liver Transpl 2014; 20:323-32. [PMID: 24288128 DOI: 10.1002/lt.23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The limitations of donor age, graft size, and the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score have not been apparent in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). Our team developed a formula for predicting graft survival after LDLT; the formula includes the graft weight, donor age, MELD score, and portosystemic shunt status. The aims of this study were to re-evaluate the reliability of our formula and to assess whether our modified treatment strategy has improved 6-month graft survival. Two hundred seventeen patients were allocated into 2 groups: patients with predictive scores ≥ 1.30 (n = 162) and patients with predictive scores < 1.30 (n = 55). The latter group was also divided into subgroups of patients with scores of 1.15 to 1.30 (n = 37) and patients with scores < 1.15 (n = 18). Survival rates for patients with scores < 1.30 were significantly worse than rates for patients with scores ≥ 1.30 (P = 0.006). Survival rates for patients with scores < 1.15 were significantly worse than rates for patients with scores of 1.15 to <1.30 (P < 0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that a predictive score < 1.15 (odds ratio = 7.87, P = 0.006) and a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m(2) (odds ratio = 13.3, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for 6-month graft mortality. In conclusion, predictive scores reliably predict 6-month graft survival and could allow a widening of the safe ranges for donor ages and graft sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hurtado-Alvarado G, Pavón L, Castillo-García SA, Hernández ME, Domínguez-Salazar E, Velázquez-Moctezuma J, Gómez-González B. Sleep loss as a factor to induce cellular and molecular inflammatory variations. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:801341. [PMID: 24367384 PMCID: PMC3866883 DOI: 10.1155/2013/801341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A reduction in the amount of time spent sleeping occurs chronically in modern society. Clinical and experimental studies in humans and animal models have shown that immune function is impaired when sleep loss is experienced. Sleep loss exerts a strong regulatory influence on peripheral levels of inflammatory mediators of the immune response. An increasing number of research projects support the existence of reciprocal regulation between sleep and low-intensity inflammatory response. Recent studies show that sleep deficient humans and rodents exhibit a proinflammatory component; therefore, sleep loss is considered as a risk factor for developing cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis). Circulating levels of proinflammatory mediators depend on the intensity and duration of the method employed to induce sleep loss. Recognizing the fact that the concentration of proinflammatory mediators is different between acute and chronic sleep-loss may expand the understanding of the relationship between sleep and the immune response. The aim of this review is to integrate data from recent published reports (2002-2013) on the effects of sleep loss on the immune response. This review may allow readers to have an integrated view of the mechanisms involved in central and peripheral deficits induced by sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hurtado-Alvarado
- Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Colonia Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Department of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Ariadne Castillo-García
- Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Colonia Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia Hernández
- Department of Psychoimmunology, National Institute of Psychiatry, “Ramón de la Fuente”, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370 Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Emilio Domínguez-Salazar
- Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Colonia Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Velázquez-Moctezuma
- Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Colonia Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Gómez-González
- Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Colonia Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
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