1
|
Zou Y, Li J, Su H, Dechsupa N, Liu J, Wang L. Mincle as a potential intervention target for the prevention of inflammation and fibrosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:103. [PMID: 38639174 PMCID: PMC11058355 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage‑inducible C‑type lectin receptor (Mincle) is predominantly found on antigen‑presenting cells. It can recognize specific ligands when stimulated by certain pathogens such as fungi and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This recognition triggers the activation of the nuclear factor‑κB pathway, leading to the production of inflammatory factors and contributing to the innate immune response of the host. Moreover, Mincle identifies lipid damage‑related molecules discharged by injured cells, such as Sin3‑associated protein 130, which triggers aseptic inflammation and ultimately hastens the advancement of renal damage, autoimmune disorders and malignancies by fostering tissue inflammation. Presently, research on the functioning of the Mincle receptor in different inflammatory and fibrosis‑associated conditions has emerged as a popular topic. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of research on the impact of Mincle in promoting long‑lasting inflammatory reactions and fibrosis. Additional investigation is required into the function of Mincle receptors in chronological inflammatory reactions and fibrosis of organ systems, including the progression from inflammation to fibrosis. Hence, the present study showed an overview of the primary roles and potential mechanism of Mincle in inflammation, fibrosis, as well as the progression of inflammation to fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to clarify the potential mechanism of Mincle in inflammation and fibrosis and to offer perspectives for the development of drugs that target Mincle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxia Zou
- Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jianchun Li
- Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Hongwei Su
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Jian Liu
- Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Jiang J, Wang B, Wang Y, Qian Y, Suo J, Li Y, Peng Z. SAP130 released by ferroptosis tubular epithelial cells promotes macrophage polarization via Mincle signaling in sepsis acute kidney injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111564. [PMID: 38320352 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The pathological mechanism of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) is complex and involves tubular epithelial cell (TEC) death and immune cell activation. However, the interaction between tubular cell death and macrophage-mediated inflammation remains unclear. In this study, we uncovered that TEC ferroptosis was activated in SA-AKI. Increased levels of ferroptotic markers, including ferroptosis-related proteins, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial damage, were observed in the kidney tissue of cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced SA-AKI mouse models, which were subsequently suppressed by Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). In vitro experiments showed that Fer-1 inhibits LPS-induced mitochondrial damage, Fe2+ accumulation, and cytosolic ROS production. Moreover, it was found that TEC ferroptosis induced by promoted macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) and its downstream expression and M1 polarization, which was mediated by the release of spliceosome-associated protein 130 (SAP130), an endogenous ligand of Mincle, from TEC. It was confirmed in vitro that the supernatant from LPS-stimulated TECs promoted Mincle expression and M1 polarization in macrophages. Further experiments revealed that M1 macrophages aggravated TEC ferroptosis, which was offset by neutralizing SAP130 or inhibiting Mincle expression. In addition, neutralizing the circulatory SAP130 blunted kidney ferroptosis and Mincle expression, as well as macrophage infiltration in the kidney of SA-AKI mice. In conclusion, the release of SAP130 from ferroptotic TECs promoted M1 macrophage polarization by triggering Mincle/syk/NF-κB signaling, and M1 macrophages, in turn, aggravated TEC ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Bingqing Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yaoyao Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Jinmeng Suo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu H, Zhang H, Wu Z, Li L. Microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis and hepatic encephalopathy. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2024; 3:17. [PMID: 38841407 PMCID: PMC11149093 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a clinical manifestation of neurological and psychiatric abnormalities that are caused by complications of liver dysfunction including hyperammonemia, hyperuricemia, and portal hypertension. Accumulating evidence suggests that HE could be reversed through therapeutic modifications of gut microbiota. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that gut microbiome affects the physiological function of the liver, such as the regulation of metabolism, secretion, and immunity, through the gut-liver crosstalk. In addition, gut microbiota also influences the brain through the gut-brain crosstalk, altering its physiological functions including the regulation of the immune, neuroendocrine, and vagal pathways. Thus, key molecules that are involved in the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis might be able to serve as clinical biomarkers for early diagnosis of HE, and could be effective therapeutic targets for clinical interventions. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of HE and further propose approaches modulating the microbiota-gut-liver-brain axis in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevention and potential clinical treatment for HE with a microbiota-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shaker ME, Gomaa HAM, Abdelgawad MA, El-Mesery M, Shaaban AA, Hazem SH. Emerging roles of tyrosine kinases in hepatic inflammatory diseases and therapeutic opportunities. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110373. [PMID: 37257270 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has been convicted of causing and worsening many liver diseases like acute liver failure, fibrosis, cirrhosis, fatty liver and liver cancer. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like TLRs 4 and 9 localized on resident or recruited immune cells are well known cellular detectors of pathogen and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs). Stimulation of these receptors generates the sterile and non-sterile inflammatory responses in the liver. When these responses are repeated, there will be a sustained liver injury that may progress to fibrosis and its outcomes. Crosstalk between inflammatory/fibrogenic-dependent streams and certain tyrosine kinases (TKs) has recently evolved in the context of hepatic diseases. Because of TKs increasing importance, their role should be elucidated to highlight effective approaches to manage the diverse liver disorders. This review will give a brief overview of types and functions of some TKs like BTK, JAKs, Syk, PI3K, Src and c-Abl, as well as receptors for TAM, PDGF, EGF, VEGF and HGF. It will then move to discuss the roles of these TKs in the regulation of the proinflammatory, fibrogenic and tumorigenic responses in the liver. Lastly, the therapeutic opportunities for targeting TKs in hepatic inflammatory disorders will be addressed. Overall, this review sheds light on the diverse TKs that have substantial roles in hepatic disorders and potential therapeutics modulating their activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hesham A M Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sara H Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao J, Jeong H, Yang D, Tian W, Kim JW, Woong Lim C, Kim B. Toll-like receptor-7 signaling in Kupffer cells exacerbates concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110238. [PMID: 37126986 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Concanavalin A (ConA) is a plant lectin that can induce immune-mediated liver damage. ConA induced liver damage animal model is a widely accepted model that can mimic clinical acute hepatitis and immune-mediated liver injury in humans. Toll-like receptor-7 (TLR7), a member of the TLR family, plays a key role in pathogen recognition and innate immune activation. The aim of this study was to examine the role of TLR7 in the pathogenesis of ConA-induced liver injury. Acute liver injury was induced by intravenous injection with ConA in WT (wild-type) and TLR7 knockout (KO) mice. Results showed that attenuated liver injury in TLR7-deficient mice, as indicated by increased survival rate, decreased aminotransferase levels, and reduced pathological lesions, was associated with decreased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in livers. Consistently, significantly decreased proliferation of CD4+ T cell was detected in ConA-stimulated TLR7-deficient splenocytes, but not in CD3/CD28 stimulated TLR7-deficient CD4+ T cells. Moreover, TLR7 deficiency in KCs specifically suppressed the expression of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α). Depletion of KCs abolished the detrimental role of TLR7 in ConA-induced liver injury. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TLR7 can regulate the expression of TNF-α in KCs, which is necessary for the full progression of ConA-induced liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China; Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuneui Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daram Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weishun Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuo NR, Hou MC, Chu WC, Yang YY, Huang CC, Li TH, Lee TY, Liu CW, Liao TL, Hsieh SL, Lin HC. Low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, calcitriol level, and CD206 level predict the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients cirrhosis with acute decompensation. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:265-273. [PMID: 36727703 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cirrhosis-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Prognostic models of ACLF have been developed; however, few studies have focused on the occurrence of ACLF. This study aimed to identify the factors that predict the development of ACLF, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and infection in patients with cirrhosis. METHODS Patients with cirrhosis were enrolled, and the serum levels of calcitriol, Cluster of Differentiation 26 (CD206), and macrophage-inducible lectin receptor (Mincle) were measured, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were calculated; all the patients were tracked for 6 months. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to assess the factors associated with ACLF development, HE, and infection. The aforementioned model was derived based on immunological markers, and receiver operating characteristic analysis with area under the curve (AUC) was adopted to evaluate accuracy. RESULTS After screening 325 patients with cirrhosis, 65 patients were eligible. In the GEE model, low levels of calcitriol (odds ratio [OR] = 3.259; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.118-8.929) and CD206 (OR = 2.666; 95% CI = 1.082-6.567) were associated with the development of ACLF, and the LMR was a protective factor (OR = 0.356; 95% CI = 0.147-0.861). Low calcitriol levels were a risk factor for HE (OR = 3.827) and infection (OR = 2.489). LMR was found to be a protective factor against HE (OR = 0.388). An immunological model for the discrimination of ACLF development within 6 months was proposed, with an AUC of 0.734 (95% CI = 0.598-0.869). CONCLUSION Single and combined immunological markers, including low LMR and low levels of calcitriol and CD206, were promising for early prediction of the development of ACLF, HE, and infection in patients with cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Rong Kuo
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office, Clinical Innovation Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Chi Chu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office, Clinical Innovation Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chang Huang
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office, Clinical Innovation Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Hao Li
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzung-Yan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linkou Chang Guang Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Natsui K, Tsuchiya A, Imamiya R, Osada-Oka M, Ishii Y, Koseki Y, Takeda N, Tomiyoshi K, Yamazaki F, Yoshida Y, Ohashi R, Ling Y, Ueda K, Moritoki N, Sato K, Nakajima T, Hasegawa Y, Okuda S, Shibata S, Terai S. Escherichia coli-derived outer-membrane vesicles induce immune activation and progression of cirrhosis in mice and humans. Liver Int 2023; 43:1126-1140. [PMID: 36751961 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Decompensated cirrhosis with fibrosis progression causes portal hypertension followed by an oedematous intestinal tract. These conditions weaken the barrier function against bacteria in the intestinal tract, a condition called leaky gut, resulting in invasion by bacteria and bacterial components. Here, we investigated the role of outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Escherichia coli, which is the representative pathogenic gut-derived bacteria in patients with cirrhosis in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. METHODS We investigated the involvement of OMVs in humans using human serum and ascites samples and also investigated the involvement of OMVs from E. coli in mice using mouse liver-derived cells and a mouse cirrhosis model. RESULTS In vitro, OMVs induced inflammatory responses to macrophages and neutrophils, including the upregulation of C-type lectin domain family 4 member E (Clec4e), and induced the suppression of albumin production in hepatocytes but had a relatively little direct effect on hepatic stellate cells. In a mouse cirrhosis model, administration of OMVs led to increased liver inflammation, especially affecting the activation of macrophages, worsening fibrosis and decreasing albumin production. Albumin administration weakened these inflammatory changes. In addition, multiple antibodies against bacterial components were increased with a progressing Child-Pugh grade, and OMVs were detected in ascites of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, OMVs induce inflammation, fibrosis and suppression of albumin production, affecting the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. We believe that our study paves the way for the future prevention and treatment of cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Natsui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Future Medical Research Center for Exosome and Designer Cell (F-DEC), Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Risa Imamiya
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayuko Osada-Oka
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yui Ishii
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yohei Koseki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Takeda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kei Tomiyoshi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fusako Yamazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Riuko Ohashi
- Histopathology Core Facility, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yiwei Ling
- Medical AI Center, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Project for Realization of Personalized Cancer Medicine, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Moritoki
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, KAZUSA DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Omics Research, Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shujiro Okuda
- Medical AI Center, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Future Medical Research Center for Exosome and Designer Cell (F-DEC), Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Electron Microscope Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Future Medical Research Center for Exosome and Designer Cell (F-DEC), Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Research progress on Mincle as a multifunctional receptor. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109467. [PMID: 36436471 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-induced C-type lectin (Mincle), a lipopolysaccharide-induced protein, is widely expressed on antigen-presenting cells. Mincle acts as a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns of pathogens such as bacteria and fungi, mainly glycolipids, which induces an acquired immune response against microbial infection. Interestingly, Mincle can also identify patterns of lipid damage-associated molecule patterns released by injured cells, such as Sin3-associated protein 130 and β-glucosylceramides, which induces sterile inflammation and ultimately accelerates the progression of stroke, obesity, hepatitis, kidney injury, autoimmune diseases and tumors by promoting tissue inflammation. This article will review the various functions of Mincle, such as mediating sterile inflammation of tissues to accelerate disease progression, initiating immune responses to fight infection and promoting tumor progression.
Collapse
|
9
|
RNA splicing: a dual-edged sword for hepatocellular carcinoma. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:173. [PMID: 35972700 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA splicing is the fundamental process that brings diversity at the transcriptome and proteome levels. The spliceosome complex regulates minor and major processes of RNA splicing. Aberrant regulation is often associated with different diseases, including diabetes, stroke, hypertension, and cancer. In the majority of cancers, dysregulated alternative RNA splicing (ARS) events directly affect tumor progression, invasiveness, and often lead to poor survival of the patients. Alike the rest of the gastrointestinal malignancies, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which alone contributes to ~ 75% of the liver cancers, a large number of ARS events have been observed, including intron retention, exon skipping, presence of alternative 3'-splice site (3'SS), and alternative 5'-splice site (5'SS). These events are reported in spliceosome and non-spliceosome complexes genes. Molecules such as MCL1, Bcl-X, and BCL2 in different isoforms can behave as anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic, making the spliceosome complex a dual-edged sword. The anti-apoptotic isoforms of such molecules bring in resistance to chemotherapy or cornerstone drugs. However, in contrast, multiple malignant tumors, including HCC that target the pro-apoptotic favoring isoforms/variants favor apoptotic induction and make chemotherapy effective. Herein, we discuss different splicing events, aberrations, and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in modulating RNA splicing in HCC tumorigenesis with a possible therapeutic outcome.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hasgur S, Yamamoto Y, Fan R, Nicosia M, Gorbacheva V, Zwick D, Araki M, Fairchild RL, Valujskikh A. Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin activates B cells to promote T cell reconstitution in heart allograft recipients. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1779-1790. [PMID: 35294793 PMCID: PMC9296143 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diminishing homeostatic proliferation of memory T cells is essential for improving the efficacy of lymphoablation in transplant recipients. Our previous studies in a mouse heart transplantation model established that B lymphocytes secreting proinflammatory cytokines are critical for T cell recovery after lymphoablation. The goal of the current study was to identify mediators of B cell activation following lymphoablation in allograft recipients. Transcriptome analysis revealed that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle, Clec4e) expression is up-regulated in B cells from heart allograft recipients treated with murine anti-thymocyte globulin (mATG). Recipient Mincle deficiency diminishes B cell production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and impairs T lymphocyte reconstitution. Mixed bone marrow chimeras lacking Mincle only in B lymphocytes have similar defects in T cell recovery. Conversely, treatment with a synthetic Mincle ligand enhances T cell reconstitution after lymphoablation in non-transplanted mice. Treatment with agonistic CD40 mAb facilitates T cell reconstitution in CD4 T cell-depleted, but not in Mincle-deficient, recipients indicating that CD40 signaling induces T cell proliferation via a Mincle-dependent pathway. These findings are the first to identify an important function of B cell Mincle as a sensor of damage-associated molecular patterns released by the graft and demonstrate its role in clinically relevant settings of organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suheyla Hasgur
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ran Fan
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Victoria Gorbacheva
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Daniel Zwick
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA,Present address:
AutonomousTherapeutics, IncRockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Motoo Araki
- Department of UrologyOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and ImmunityLerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
van der Zande HJP, Nitsche D, Schlautmann L, Guigas B, Burgdorf S. The Mannose Receptor: From Endocytic Receptor and Biomarker to Regulator of (Meta)Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765034. [PMID: 34721436 PMCID: PMC8551360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mannose receptor is a member of the C-type lectin (CLEC) family, which can bind and internalize a variety of endogenous and pathogen-associated ligands. Because of these properties, its role in endocytosis as well as antigen processing and presentation has been studied intensively. Recently, it became clear that the mannose receptor can directly influence the activation of various immune cells. Cell-bound mannose receptor expressed by antigen-presenting cells was indeed shown to drive activated T cells towards a tolerogenic phenotype. On the other hand, serum concentrations of a soluble form of the mannose receptor have been reported to be increased in patients suffering from a variety of inflammatory diseases and to correlate with severity of disease. Interestingly, we recently demonstrated that the soluble mannose receptor directly promotes macrophage proinflammatory activation and trigger metaflammation. In this review, we highlight the role of the mannose receptor and other CLECs in regulating the activation of immune cells and in shaping inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Nitsche
- Cellular Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Laura Schlautmann
- Cellular Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sven Burgdorf
- Cellular Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stappers MH, Nikolakopoulou C, Wiesner DL, Yuecel R, Klein BS, Willment JA, Brown GD. Characterization of antifungal C-type lectin receptor expression on murine epithelial and endothelial cells in mucosal tissues. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2341-2344. [PMID: 34114658 PMCID: PMC8593890 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our data reveal that selection of enzymes for generating single cell suspensions from murine tissues influences detection of surface expression of antifungal CLRs. Using a method that most preserves receptor expression, we show that non-myeloid expression of antifungal CLRs is limited to MelLec on endothelial cells in murine mucosal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark H.T. Stappers
- Aberdeen Fungal GroupInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Department of BiosciencesMedical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Christina Nikolakopoulou
- Aberdeen Fungal GroupInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Department of BiosciencesMedical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Darin L. Wiesner
- Department of PediatricsSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Raif Yuecel
- Iain Fraser Cytometry CentreInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Exeter Centre for Cytomics (EXCC)Department of BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Bruce S. Klein
- Department of PediatricsSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Janet A. Willment
- Aberdeen Fungal GroupInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Department of BiosciencesMedical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal GroupInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Department of BiosciencesMedical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of ExeterExeterUK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tanaka M, Saka-Tanaka M, Ochi K, Fujieda K, Sugiura Y, Miyamoto T, Kohda H, Ito A, Miyazawa T, Matsumoto A, Aoe S, Miyamoto Y, Tsuboi N, Maruyama S, Suematsu M, Yamasaki S, Ogawa Y, Suganami T. C-type lectin Mincle mediates cell death-triggered inflammation in acute kidney injury. J Exp Med 2021; 217:152022. [PMID: 32797195 PMCID: PMC7596812 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that cell death triggers sterile inflammation and that impaired clearance of dead cells causes nonresolving inflammation; however, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we show that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) senses renal tubular cell death to induce sustained inflammation after acute kidney injury in mice. Mincle-deficient mice were protected against tissue damage and subsequent atrophy of the kidney after ischemia–reperfusion injury. Using lipophilic extract from the injured kidney, we identified β-glucosylceramide as an endogenous Mincle ligand. Notably, free cholesterol markedly enhanced the agonistic effect of β-glucosylceramide on Mincle. Moreover, β-glucosylceramide and free cholesterol accumulated in dead renal tubules in proximity to Mincle-expressing macrophages, where Mincle was supposed to inhibit clearance of dead cells and increase proinflammatory cytokine production. This study demonstrates that β-glucosylceramide in combination with free cholesterol acts on Mincle as an endogenous ligand to induce cell death–triggered, sustained inflammation after acute kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Marie Saka-Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kozue Ochi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kumiko Fujieda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiro Kohda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taiki Miyazawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsumoto
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Department of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Division of Genomic Diagnosis and Healthcare, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Naotake Tsuboi
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suganami
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Metabolism, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Immunometabolism, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Metselaar PI, Hos C, Welting O, Bosch JA, Kraneveld AD, de Jonge WJ, Te Velde AA. Ambiguity about Splicing Factor 3b Subunit 3 (SF3B3) and Sin3A Associated Protein 130 (SAP130). Cells 2021; 10:cells10030590. [PMID: 33800128 PMCID: PMC7999425 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, three articles were published on a protein that can activate the immune system by binding to macrophage-inducible C-type lectin receptor (Mincle). In the articles, the protein was referred to as ‘SAP130, a subunit of the histone deacetylase complex.’ However, the Mincle ligand the authors aimed to investigate is splicing factor 3b subunit 3 (SF3B3). This splicing factor is unrelated to SAP130 (Sin3A associated protein 130, a subunit of the histone deacetylase-dependent Sin3A corepressor complex). The conclusions in the three articles were formulated for SF3B3, while the researchers used qPCR primers and antibodies against SAP130. We retraced the origins of the ambiguity about the two proteins and found that Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) added a Nature publication on SF3B3 as a reference for Sin3A associated protein 130 in 2016. Subsequently, companies such as Abcam referred to OMIM and the Nature article in their products for both SF3B3 and SAP130. In turn, the mistake by OMIM followed in the persistent and confusing use of ‘SAP130′ (spliceosome-associated protein 130) as an alternative symbol for SF3B3. With this report, we aim to eliminate the persistent confusion and separate the literature regarding the two proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula I. Metselaar
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (O.W.); (W.J.d.J.); (A.A.T.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Celine Hos
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (O.W.); (W.J.d.J.); (A.A.T.V.)
| | - Olaf Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (O.W.); (W.J.d.J.); (A.A.T.V.)
| | - Jos A. Bosch
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1018WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1001NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (O.W.); (W.J.d.J.); (A.A.T.V.)
| | - Anje A. Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, AGEM, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105BK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.H.); (O.W.); (W.J.d.J.); (A.A.T.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gong W, Zheng T, Guo K, Fang M, Xie H, Li W, Tang Q, Hong Z, Ren H, Gu G, Wang G, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ren J. Mincle/Syk Signalling Promotes Intestinal Mucosal Inflammation Through Induction of Macrophage Pyroptosis in Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:1734-1747. [PMID: 32333776 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin [Mincle] signalling plays a proinflammatory role in different organs such as the brain and liver, but its role in intestinal inflammation, including Crohn's disease [CD], remains unknown. METHODS The characteristics of Mincle signalling expression in CD patients and experimental colitis were examined. The functional role of Mincle signalling in the intestine was addressed in experimental colitis models in vivo by using Mincle knock-out [Mincle-/-] mice. In addition, neutralising anti-Mincle antibody, downstream spleen tyrosine kinase [Syk] inhibitor, and Mincle pharmacological agonist were used to study the Mincle signalling in intestine. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were collected from mice and used to further verify the effect of Mincle signalling in macrophages. RESULTS This study has shown that Mincle signalling was significantly elevated in active human CD and experimental colitis, and macrophages were the principal leukocyte subset that upregulate Mincle signalling. Mincle deficiency and Syk pharmacological inhibition ameliorated the colitis by reducing induced macrophage pyroptosis, and activation of Mincle with the agonist aggravated the intestinal inflammation. The ex vivo studies demonstrated that activation of Mincle signalling promoted the release of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas its absence restricted release of proinflammatory cytokines from pyroptosis of macrophages. In addition, Mincle/Syk signalling in macrophages could promote the production of chemokines to recruit neutrophils by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] during intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Mincle signalling promotes intestinal mucosal inflammation by inducing macrophage pyroptosis. Modulation of the Mincle/Syk axis emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy to target inflammation and treat CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Gong
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Kun Guo
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Miao Fang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Haohao Xie
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qinqing Tang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Hong
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huajian Ren
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Gu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, BenQ Medical Center, Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jianan Ren
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao J, Kim JW, Zhou Z, Qi J, Tian W, Lim CW, Han KM, Kim B. Macrophage-Inducible C-Type Lectin Signaling Exacerbates Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury by Promoting Kupffer Cell Activation in Mice. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 99:92-103. [PMID: 33262251 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) has become one of the most frequent causes of acute liver failure. Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) acts as a key moderator in immune responses by recognizing spliceosome-associated protein 130 (SAP130), which is an endogenous ligand released by necrotic cells. This study aims to explore the function of Mincle in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Wild-type (WT) and Mincle knockout (KO) mice were used to induce acute liver injury by injection of APAP. The hepatic expressions of Mincle, SAP130, and Mincle signaling intermediate (Syk) were markedly upregulated after the APAP challenge. Mincle KO mice showed attenuated injury in the liver, as shown by reduced pathologic lesions, decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, downregulated levels of inflammatory cytokines, and decreased neutrophil infiltration. Consistently, inhibition of Syk signaling by GS9973 alleviated APAP hepatotoxicity. Most importantly, Kupffer cells (KCs) were found as the major cellular source of Mincle. The depletion of KCs abolished the detrimental role of Mincle, and the adoptive transfer of WT KC to Mincle KO mice partially reversed the hyporesponsiveness to hepatotoxicity induced by APAP. Furthermore, the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and neutrophil-attractant CXC chemokines were substantially lower in KCs isolated from APAP-treated Mincle KO mice compared with those from WT mice. Similar results were found in primary Mincle KO KCs treated with a ligand of Mincle (trehalose-6,6-dibehenate) or in conditioned media obtained from APAP-treated hepatocytes. Collectively, Mincle can regulate the inflammatory response of KCs, which is necessary for the complete progression of hepatotoxicity induced by APAP. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is becoming a main cause of drug-induced acute liver damage in the developed world. This study showed that macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) deletion or inhibition of Mincle downstream signaling attenuates APAP hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, Mincle as a modulator of Kupffer cell activation contributes to the full process of hepatotoxicity induced by APAP. This mechanism will offer valuable insights to overcome the limitation of APAP hepatotoxicity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Zixiong Zhou
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Qi
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Weishun Tian
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Kang Min Han
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea (J.Z., J.-W.K., Z.Z., J.Q., W.T., C.W.L., B.K.); Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea (K.M.H.); and College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China (J.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fiers WD, Leonardi I, Iliev ID. From Birth and Throughout Life: Fungal Microbiota in Nutrition and Metabolic Health. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:323-343. [PMID: 32680437 PMCID: PMC7529963 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-013120-043659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a vibrant, diverse ecosystem of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. The gut fungi (mycobiota) have recently risen to prominence due to their ability to modulate host immunity. Colonization of the gut occurs through a combination of vertical transmission from the maternal mycobiota and environmental and dietary exposure. Data from human and animal studies demonstrate that nutrition strongly affects the mycobiota composition and that changes in the fungal communities can aggravate metabolic diseases. The mechanisms pertaining to the mycobiota's influence on host health, pathology, and resident gastrointestinal communities through intrakingdom, transkingdom, and immune cross talk are beginning to come into focus, setting the stage for a new chapter in microbiota-host interactions. Herein, we examine the inception, maturation, and dietary modulation of gastrointestinal and nutritional fungal communities and inspect their impact on metabolic diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D Fiers
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Irina Leonardi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Iliyan D Iliev
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine; The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
N'diaye M, Brauner S, Flytzani S, Kular L, Warnecke A, Adzemovic MZ, Piket E, Min JH, Edwards W, Mela F, Choi HY, Magg V, James T, Linden M, Reichardt HM, Daws MR, van Horssen J, Kockum I, Harris RA, Olsson T, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Jagodic M. C-type lectin receptors Mcl and Mincle control development of multiple sclerosis-like neuroinflammation. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:838-852. [PMID: 31725411 PMCID: PMC6994148 DOI: 10.1172/jci125857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are crucial for responses to infections and tissue damage; however, their role in autoimmunity is less clear. Herein we demonstrate that 2 C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) Mcl and Mincle play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Congenic rats expressing lower levels of Mcl and Mincle on myeloid cells exhibited a drastic reduction in EAE incidence. In vivo silencing of Mcl and Mincle or blockade of their endogenous ligand SAP130 revealed that these receptors’ expression in the central nervous system is crucial for T cell recruitment and reactivation into a pathogenic Th17/GM-CSF phenotype. Consistent with this, we uncovered MCL- and MINCLE-expressing cells in brain lesions of MS patients and we further found an upregulation of the MCL/MINCLE signaling pathway and an increased response following MCL/MINCLE stimulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients. Together, these data support a role for CLRs in autoimmunity and implicate the MCL/MINCLE pathway as a potential therapeutic target in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie N'diaye
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brauner
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sevasti Flytzani
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara Kular
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Warnecke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Z Adzemovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eliane Piket
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jin-Hong Min
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Will Edwards
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filia Mela
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hoi Ying Choi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera Magg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tojo James
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Linden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holger M Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Jack van Horssen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andre O Guerreiro-Cacais
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tukhvatulin AI, Dzharullaeva AS, Erokhova AS, Scheblyakov DV, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL, Logunov DY. NOD1/2 and the C-Type Lectin Receptors Dectin-1 and Mincle Synergistically Enhance Proinflammatory Reactions Both In Vitro and In Vivo. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:357-368. [PMID: 32801829 PMCID: PMC7383029 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s245638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pathogens consist of a wide variety of evolutionarily conserved molecular structures that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of innate immunity. Reasonably assuming that no single PRR is ever likely to be the sole trigger of the immune response during infection, a great deal remains unknown about collaborative mechanisms and consequential crosstalk effects between multiple PRRs belonging to different families. Here, we aimed to investigate inflammatory response to combined stimulation of cytosolic nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) receptors: NOD1, NOD2 and membrane-bound C-type lectin receptors (CLRs): Mincle and Dectin-1 in comparison to individual stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods For in vitro studies, we used human monocytic THP-1 cells endogenously expressing NOD1,2, as well as Mincle and Dectin-1 receptors. Using reporter gene and immunoassay approaches, we measured activity of key proinflammatory transcription factors (NF-κB and AP-1) and cytokine production after addition of specific PRR agonists or their pairwise combinations. In vivo NF-κB activity (bioluminescent detection in NF-κB-Luc transgenic mice), as well as cytokine levels in mouse blood serum, was measured 3 hours after intramuscular injection of PRR agonists. Results We detected that combined stimulation of NOD1/2 and C-type lectin receptors (Dectin-1, Mincle) strongly potentiates NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factor activity in human monocytic THP-1 cells, as well as resulting in enhanced levels of IL-8 cytokine production. We demonstrated that RIP2- and Syk-dependent signaling pathways downstream of NOD1/2 and Dectin-1/Mincle, respectively, are essential for the potentiated proinflammatory cell response. Lastly, we confirmed that synergy between NOD and C-type lectin receptors resulting in potentiated levels of NF-κB activation and cytokine (IL-6, KC) production also occurs in vivo. Conclusion These findings originally indicate cooperation between NODs and CLRs, leading to potentiated levels of proinflammatory immune response both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir I Tukhvatulin
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S Dzharullaeva
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S Erokhova
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Scheblyakov
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditsky
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun C. The SF3b complex: splicing and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3583-3595. [PMID: 32140746 PMCID: PMC7452928 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The SF3b complex is an intrinsic component of the functional U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). As U2 snRNP enters nuclear pre-mRNA splicing, SF3b plays key roles in recognizing the branch point sequence (BPS) and facilitating spliceosome assembly and activation. Since the discovery of SF3b, substantial progress has been made in elucidating its molecular mechanism during splicing. In addition, numerous recent studies indicate that SF3b and its components are engaged in various molecular and cellular events that are beyond the canonical role in splicing. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the SF3b complex and highlights its multiple roles in splicing and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfu Sun
- Non-coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Drouin M, Saenz J, Chiffoleau E. C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors: Head or Tail in Cell Death Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:251. [PMID: 32133013 PMCID: PMC7040094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs) represent a family of transmembrane pattern recognition receptors, expressed primarily by myeloid cells. They recognize not only pathogen moieties for host defense, but also modified self-antigens such as damage-associated molecular patterns released from dead cells. Upon ligation, CLR signaling leads to the production of inflammatory mediators to shape amplitude, duration and outcome of the immune response. Thus, following excessive injury, dysregulation of these receptors leads to the development of inflammatory diseases. Herein, we will focus on four CLRs of the "Dectin family," shown to decode the immunogenicity of cell death. CLEC9A on dendritic cells links F-actin exposed by dying cells to favor cross-presentation of dead-cell associated antigens to CD8+ T cells. Nevertheless, CLEC9A exerts also feedback mechanisms to temper neutrophil recruitment and prevent additional tissue damage. MINCLE expressed by macrophages binds nuclear SAP130 released by necrotic cells to potentiate pro-inflammatory responses. However, the consequent inflammation can exacerbate pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Moreover, in a tumor microenvironment, MINCLE induces macrophage-induced immune suppression and cancer progression. Similarly, triggering of LOX-1 by oxidized LDL, amplifies pro-inflammatory response but promotes tumor immune escape and metastasis. Finally, CLEC12A that recognizes monosodium urate crystals formed during cell death, inhibits activating signals to prevent detrimental inflammation. Interestingly, CLEC12A also sustains type-I IFN response to finely tune immune responses in case of viral-induced collateral damage. Therefore, CLRs acting in concert as sensors of injury, could be used in a targeted way to treat numerous diseases such as allergies, obesity, tumors, and autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Drouin
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France.,OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
| | - Javier Saenz
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Elise Chiffoleau
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miyake Y, Yamasaki S. Immune Recognition of Pathogen-Derived Glycolipids Through Mincle. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1204:31-56. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1580-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Gong W, Guo K, Zheng T, Fang M, Xie H, Li W, Hong Z, Ren H, Gu G, Wang G, Wang Z, Wu X, Ren J. Preliminary exploration of the potential of spliceosome‐associated protein 130 for predicting disease severity in Crohn's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1462:128-138. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Gong
- School of Medicine, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalSoutheast University Nanjing China
| | - Kun Guo
- School of Medicine Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Tao Zheng
- School of Medicine Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Miao Fang
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Haohao Xie
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Weijie Li
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhiwu Hong
- School of Medicine Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Huajian Ren
- School of Medicine Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Guosheng Gu
- School of Medicine Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Gefei Wang
- School of Medicine Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- School of Medicine Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Xiuwen Wu
- School of Medicine Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing University Nanjing China
| | - Jianan Ren
- School of Medicine, Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalSoutheast University Nanjing China
- School of Medicine Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing University Nanjing China
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The C-type lectins are a superfamily of proteins that recognize a broad repertoire of ligands and that regulate a diverse range of physiological functions. Most research attention has focused on the ability of C-type lectins to function in innate and adaptive antimicrobial immune responses, but these proteins are increasingly being recognized to have a major role in autoimmune diseases and to contribute to many other aspects of multicellular existence. Defects in these molecules lead to developmental and physiological abnormalities, as well as altered susceptibility to infectious and non-infectious diseases. In this Review, we present an overview of the roles of C-type lectins in immunity and homeostasis, with an emphasis on the most exciting recent discoveries.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wilson DS, Damo M, Hirosue S, Raczy MM, Brünggel K, Diaceri G, Quaglia-Thermes X, Hubbell JA. Synthetically glycosylated antigens induce antigen-specific tolerance and prevent the onset of diabetes. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:817-829. [DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
26
|
Lu X, Nagata M, Yamasaki S. Mincle: 20 years of a versatile sensor of insults. Int Immunol 2019; 30:233-239. [PMID: 29726997 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-inducible C-type lectin, better known as Mincle, is a member of the C-type lectin receptor family and is encoded by Clec4e. Mincle was an orphan receptor for a long time after having been discovered as a lipopolysaccharide-induced protein, yet later an adjuvant glycolipid in mycobacteria-trehalose dimycolate-was identified as a ligand. Ligands for Mincle were also found existing in bacteria, fungi and even mammals. When confronted with foreign elements, Mincle can recognize characteristic pathogen-associated molecular patterns, mostly glycolipids, from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogens, and thus induce immune responses against infection. To maintain self-homeostasis, Mincle can recognize lipid-based damage-associated molecular patterns, thereby monitoring the internal environment. The mechanism by which Mincle functions in the immune system is also becoming more clear along with the identification of its ligands. Being expressed widely on antigen-presenting cells, Mincle activation leads to the production of cytokines and chemokines, neutrophil infiltration and other inflammatory responses. Besides, Mincle can induce acquired immunity such as antigen-specific T-cell responses and antibody production as an adjuvant receptor. In this review, we will retrospectively sketch the discovery and study of Mincle, and outline some current work on this receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Lu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lim R, Lappas M. Expression and function of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) in inflammation driven parturition in fetal membranes and myometrium. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197:95-110. [PMID: 30793298 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of inflammatory processes in human parturition is well known, but not completely understood. We have performed a study to examine the role of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) in inflammation-associated parturition. Using human samples, we show that spontaneous labour is associated with up-regulated Mincle expression in the myometrium and fetal membranes. Mincle expression was also increased in fetal membranes and myometrium in the presence of pro-labour mediators, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1B and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands fsl-1, poly(I:C), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin. These clinical studies are supported by mouse studies, where an inflammatory challenge in a mouse model of preterm birth increased Mincle expression in the uterus. Importantly, elimination of Mincle decreased the effectiveness of proinflammatory cytokines and TLR ligands to induce the expression of pro-labour mediators; namely, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, contraction-associated proteins and prostaglandins, and extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes, matrix metalloproteinases. The data presented in this study suggest that Mincle is required when inflammatory activation precipitates parturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Lim
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rapoport BL, Anderson R. Realizing the Clinical Potential of Immunogenic Cell Death in Cancer Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040959. [PMID: 30813267 PMCID: PMC6412296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is triggered by exposure of tumor cells to a limited range of anticancer drugs, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy, represents a recent innovation in the revitalized and burgeoning field of oncoimmunnotherapy. ICD results in the cellular redistribution and extracellular release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which have the potential to activate and restore tumor-targeted immune responses. Although a convincing body of evidence exists with respect to the antitumor efficacy of ICD in various experimental systems, especially murine models of experimental anticancer immunotherapy, evidence for the existence of ICD in the clinical setting is less compelling. Following overviews of hallmark developments, which have sparked the revival of interest in the field of oncoimmunotherapy, types of tumor cell death and the various DAMPs most prominently involved in the activation of antitumor immune responses, the remainder of this review is focused on strategies which may potentiate ICD in the clinical setting. These include identification of tumor- and host-related factors predictive of the efficacy of ICD, the clinical utility of combinatorial immunotherapeutic strategies, novel small molecule inducers of ICD, novel and repurposed small molecule immunostimulants, as well as the critical requirement for validated biomarkers in predicting the efficacy of ICD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Rapoport
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- The Medical Oncology Centre of Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa.
| | - Ronald Anderson
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu GR, Lin J, Zhang J, Che CY, Peng XD, Li C, Hu LT, Zhu GQ, He K, Zhao GQ. Mincle in the innate immune response of mice fungal keratitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:539-547. [PMID: 29675368 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate how macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) influences inflammation in mice fungal keratitis induced by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). METHODS C57BL/6 mice were infected with A. fumigatus after pretreated with Mincle agonist TDB or Mincle neutralizing antibody (MincleAb), taking DMSO or IgG as control group respectively. The cornea lesions were monitored with slit-lamp microscope and evaluated by clinical score. Mincle expression was assessed using reverse transcription-ploymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining. The expression of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) chemokines (CXCL-1 and MIP-2) was determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. Neutrophil infiltration was observed by immunostaining. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) generated by corneas were tested by Griess reaction. RESULTS Mincle mRNA and protein levels were higher in infected corneas than normal corneas of C57BL/6 mice, saving clinical scores revealed differences. When pretreated with Mincle agonist TDB, the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in infected corneas were significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.01). Results of the counterpart in corneas pretreated with Mincle neutralizing antibody was decreased consistently (P<0.01). Expression of CXCL1 and MIP-2 mRNA levels were up-regulated in TDB group and down-regulated in MincleAb group (P<0.01), coincide with neutrophil aggregation degree in corneas showed by immunostaining. As for the concentration of NO, it was promoted in TDB group compared with DMSO control group, and decreased in MincleAb group compared with IgG control group. CONCLUSION Mincle plays a dual role in mice fungal keratitis. It participates in the innate immune system by enhancing inflammation. What's more, Mincle can mediate cytotoxic effects by regulating the formation of NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xu-Dong Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Ting Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kun He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gui-Qiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Williams SJ. Sensing Lipids with Mincle: Structure and Function. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1662. [PMID: 29230225 PMCID: PMC5711825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mincle is a C-type lectin receptor that has emerged as an important player in innate immunity through its capacity to recognize a wide range of lipidic species derived from damaged/altered self and foreign microorganisms. Self-ligands include sterols (e.g., cholesterol), and β-glucosylceramides, and the protein SAP130, which is released upon cell death. Foreign lipids comprise those from both microbial pathogens and commensals and include glycerol, glucose and trehalose mycolates, and glycosyl diglycerides. A large effort has focused on structural variation of these ligands to illuminate the structure–activity relationships required for the agonism of signaling though Mincle and has helped identify key differences in ligand recognition between human and rodent Mincle. These studies in turn have helped identify new Mincle ligands, further broadening our understanding of the diversity of organisms and lipidic species recognized by Mincle. Finally, progress toward the development of Mincle agonists as vaccine adjuvants providing humoral and cell-mediated immunity with reduced toxicity is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Te Velde AA. The C-Type Lectin Mincle: Clues for a Role in Crohn's Disease Adjuvant Reaction. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1304. [PMID: 29109721 PMCID: PMC5660320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anje A Te Velde
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ostrop J, Lang R. Contact, Collaboration, and Conflict: Signal Integration of Syk-Coupled C-Type Lectin Receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1403-1414. [PMID: 28167651 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several spleen tyrosine kinase-coupled C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) have emerged as important pattern recognition receptors for infectious danger. Because encounter with microbial pathogens leads to the simultaneous ligation of several CLRs and TLRs, the signals emanating from different pattern recognition receptors have to be integrated to achieve appropriate biological responses. In this review, we briefly summarize current knowledge about ligand recognition and core signaling by Syk-coupled CLRs. We then address mechanisms of synergistic and antagonistic crosstalk between different CLRs and with TLRs. Emerging evidence suggests that signal integration occurs through 1) direct interaction between receptors, 2) regulation of expression levels and localization, and 3) collaborative or conflicting signaling interference. Accordingly, we aim to provide a conceptual framework for the complex and sometimes unexpected outcome of CLR ligation in bacterial and fungal infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ostrop
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; .,Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway; and
| | - Roland Lang
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Patin EC, Orr SJ, Schaible UE. Macrophage Inducible C-Type Lectin As a Multifunctional Player in Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:861. [PMID: 28791019 PMCID: PMC5525440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage-inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is an innate immune receptor on myeloid cells sensing diverse entities including pathogens and damaged cells. Mincle was first described as a receptor for the mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid, trehalose-6,6′-dimycolate, or cord factor, and the mammalian necrotic cell-derived alarmin histone deacetylase complex unit Sin3-associated protein 130. Upon engagement by its ligands, Mincle induces secretion of innate cytokines and other immune mediators modulating inflammation and immunity. Since its discovery more than 25 years ago, the understanding of Mincle’s immune function has made significant advances in recent years. In addition to mediating immune responses to infectious agents, Mincle has been linked to promote tumor progression, autoimmunity, and sterile inflammation; however, further studies are required to completely unravel the complex role of Mincle in these distinct host responses. In this review, we discuss recent findings on Mincle’s biology with an emphasis on its diverse functions in immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Patin
- Priority Area Infections, Department Cellular Microbiology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, and German Center for Infection Research, TTU-TB, Borstel, Germany.,Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Selinda Jane Orr
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich E Schaible
- Priority Area Infections, Department Cellular Microbiology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, and German Center for Infection Research, TTU-TB, Borstel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ishiguro T, Fukawa T, Akaki K, Nagaoka K, Takeda T, Iwakura Y, Inaba K, Takahara K. Absence of DCIR1 reduces the mortality rate of endotoxemic hepatitis in mice. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:704-712. [PMID: 28127756 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin with an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Mice lacking DCIR1 (Dcir1-/- mice) show higher susceptibility to chronic arthritis with increasing age, suggesting that DCIR1 is involved in immune modulation via its ITIM. However, the role of DCIR1 in acute immune responses is not clear. In this study, we explored its role in acute experimental hepatitis. Upon injection of d-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide, Dcir1-/- mice showed decreased mortality rates and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase. In early onset hepatitis, serum levels of TNF-α, which primarily cause inflammation and hepatocyte apoptosis, were significantly lower in Dcir1-/- mice than in WT mice. In the liver of Dcir1-/- mice, influx of neutrophils and other leukocytes decreased. Consistently, the levels of neutrophil-chemoattractant chemokine CXCL1/KC, but not CXCL2/MIP-2, were lower in Dcir1-/- mice than in WT mice. However, chemotaxis of Dcir1-/- neutrophils to CXCL1/KC appeared normal. Pervanadate treatment induced binding of DCIR1 and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP)-2, possibly leading to CXCL1/KC expression. These results suggest that DCIR1 is involved in exacerbation of endotoxemic hepatitis, providing a new therapeutic target for lethal hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Ishiguro
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fukawa
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Akaki
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Takeda
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kayo Inaba
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takahara
- Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|