1
|
Nguyen NTT, Müller R, Briukhovetska D, Weber J, Feucht J, Künkele A, Hudecek M, Kobold S. The Spectrum of CAR Cellular Effectors: Modes of Action in Anti-Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2608. [PMID: 39061247 PMCID: PMC11274444 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T cells have spearheaded the field of adoptive cell therapy and have shown remarkable results in treating hematological neoplasia. Because of the different biology of solid tumors compared to hematological tumors, response rates of CAR-T cells could not be transferred to solid entities yet. CAR engineering has added co-stimulatory domains, transgenic cytokines and switch receptors to improve performance and persistence in a hostile tumor microenvironment, but because of the inherent cell type limitations of CAR-T cells, including HLA incompatibility, toxicities (cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity) and high costs due to the logistically challenging preparation process for autologous cells, the use of alternative immune cells is gaining traction. NK cells and γδ T cells that do not need HLA compatibility or macrophages and dendritic cells with additional properties such as phagocytosis or antigen presentation are increasingly seen as cellular vehicles with potential for application. As these cells possess distinct properties, clinicians and researchers need a thorough understanding of their peculiarities and commonalities. This review will compare these different cell types and their specific modes of action seen upon CAR activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thien Thu Nguyen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a Partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rasmus Müller
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Daria Briukhovetska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Justus Weber
- Department of Medicine II, Chair in Cellular Immunotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Judith Feucht
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Department of Medicine II, Chair in Cellular Immunotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (J.W.); (M.H.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Cellular Immunotherapy Branch Site Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (N.T.T.N.); (R.M.); (D.B.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a Partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moles MW, Erdlei H, Menzel L, Massaro M, Fiori A, Bunse M, Schrimpf M, Gerlach K, Gudipati V, Reiser J, Mathavan K, Goodrich JP, Huppa JB, Krönke J, Valamehr B, Höpken UE, Rehm A. CXCR4 has a dual role in improving the efficacy of BCMA-redirected CAR-NK cells in multiple myeloma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383136. [PMID: 38979422 PMCID: PMC11228140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disease with a preferential bone marrow (BM) tropism. Enforced expression of tissue-specific chemokine receptors has been shown to successfully guide adoptively-transferred CAR NK cells towards the malignant milieu in solid cancers, but also to BM-resident AML and MM. For redirection towards BM-associated chemokine CXCL12, we armored BCMA CAR-NK-92 as well as primary NK cells with ectopic expression of either wildtype CXCR4 or a gain-of-function mutant CXCR4R334X. Our data showed that BCMA CAR-NK-92 and -primary NK cells equipped with CXCR4 gained an improved ability to migrate towards CXCL12 in vitro. Beyond its classical role coordinating chemotaxis, CXCR4 has been shown to participate in T cell co-stimulation, which prompted us to examine the functionality of CXCR4-cotransduced BCMA-CAR NK cells. Ectopic CXCR4 expression enhanced the cytotoxic capacity of BCMA CAR-NK cells, as evidenced by the ability to eliminate BCMA-expressing target cell lines and primary MM cells in vitro and through accelerated cytolytic granule release. We show that CXCR4 co-modification prolonged BCMA CAR surface deposition, augmented ZAP-70 recruitment following CAR-engagement, and accelerated distal signal transduction kinetics. BCMA CAR sensitivity towards antigen was enhanced by virtue of an enhanced ZAP-70 recruitment to the immunological synapse, revealing an increased propensity of CARs to become triggered upon CXCR4 overexpression. Unexpectedly, co-stimulation via CXCR4 occurred in the absence of CXCL12 ligand-stimulation. Collectively, our findings imply that co-modification of CAR-NK cells with tissue-relevant chemokine receptors affect adoptive NK cell therapy beyond improved trafficking and retention within tumor sites.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Multiple Myeloma/therapy
- Humans
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/immunology
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/metabolism
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Moles
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Erdlei
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Menzel
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marialucia Massaro
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnese Fiori
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Bunse
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Schrimpf
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gerlach
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Venugopal Gudipati
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John Reiser
- Fate Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Johannes B Huppa
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Krönke
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Uta E Höpken
- Microenvironmental Regulation in Autoimmunity and Cancer, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Rehm
- Translational Tumorimmunology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kiran S, Xue Y, Sarker DB, Li Y, Sang QXA. Feeder-free differentiation of human iPSCs into natural killer cells with cytotoxic potential against malignant brain rhabdoid tumor cells. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:301-316. [PMID: 38496035 PMCID: PMC10940949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic immune cells that can eliminate target cells without prior stimulation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a robust source of NK cells for safe and effective cell-based immunotherapy against aggressive cancers. In this in vitro study, a feeder-free iPSC differentiation was performed to obtain iPSC-NK cells, and distinct maturational stages of iPSC-NK were characterized. Mature cells of CD56bright CD16bright phenotype showed upregulation of CD56, CD16, and NK cell activation markers NKG2D and NKp46 upon IL-15 exposure, while exposure to aggressive atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) cell lines enhanced NKG2D and NKp46 expression. Malignant cell exposure also increased CD107a degranulation markers and stimulated IFN-γ secretion in activated NK cells. CD56bright CD16bright iPSC-NK cells showed a ratio-dependent killing of ATRT cells, and the percentage lysis of CHLA-05-ATRT was higher than that of CHLA-02-ATRT. The iPSC-NK cells were also cytotoxic against other brain, kidney, and lung cancer cell lines. Further NK maturation yielded CD56-ve CD16bright cells, which lacked activation markers even after exposure to interleukins or ATRT cells - indicating diminished cytotoxicity. Generation and characterization of different NK phenotypes from iPSCs, coupled with their promising anti-tumor activity against ATRT in vitro, offer valuable insights into potential immunotherapeutic strategies for brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kiran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Drishty B. Sarker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310-6046, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4380, USA
| | - Qing-Xiang Amy Sang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4380, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim SE, Yun S, Doh J, Kim HN. Imaging-Based Efficacy Evaluation of Cancer Immunotherapy in Engineered Tumor Platforms and Tumor Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400475. [PMID: 38815251 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is used to treat tumors by modulating the immune system. Although the anticancer efficacy of cancer immunotherapy has been evaluated prior to clinical trials, conventional in vivo animal and endpoint models inadequately replicate the intricate process of tumor elimination and reflect human-specific immune systems. Therefore, more sophisticated models that mimic the complex tumor-immune microenvironment must be employed to assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Additionally, using real-time imaging technology, a step-by-step evaluation can be applied, allowing for a more precise assessment of treatment efficacy. Here, an overview of the various imaging-based evaluation platforms recently developed for cancer immunotherapeutic applications is presented. Specifically, a fundamental technique is discussed for stably observing immune cell-based tumor cell killing using direct imaging, a microwell that reproduces a confined space for spatial observation, a droplet assay that facilitates cell-cell interactions, and a 3D microphysiological system that reconstructs the vascular environment. Furthermore, it is suggested that future evaluation platforms pursue more human-like immune systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Eun Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Suji Yun
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Junsang Doh
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Institute of Engineering Research, Bio-MAX institute, Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nusraty S, Boddeti U, Zaghloul KA, Brown DA. Microglia in Glioblastomas: Molecular Insight and Immunotherapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38893093 PMCID: PMC11171200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive and devastating primary brain tumors, with a median survival of 15 months following diagnosis. Despite the intense treatment regimen which routinely includes maximal safe neurosurgical resection followed by adjuvant radio- and chemotherapy, the disease remains uniformly fatal. The poor prognosis associated with GBM is multifactorial owing to factors such as increased proliferation, angiogenesis, and metabolic switching to glycolytic pathways. Critically, GBM-mediated local and systemic immunosuppression result in inadequate immune surveillance and ultimately, tumor-immune escape. Microglia-the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS)-play crucial roles in mediating the local immune response in the brain. Depending on the specific pathological cues, microglia are activated into either a pro-inflammatory, neurotoxic phenotype, known as M1, or an anti-inflammatory, regenerative phenotype, known as M2. In either case, microglia secrete corresponding pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that either promote or hinder tumor growth. Herein, we review the interplay between GBM cells and resident microglia with a focus on contemporary studies highlighting the effect of GBM on the subtypes of microglia expressed, the associated cytokines/chemokines secreted, and ultimately, their impact on tumor pathogenesis. Finally, we explore how understanding the intricacies of the tumor-immune landscape can inform novel immunotherapeutic strategies against this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Desmond A. Brown
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (S.N.); (U.B.); (K.A.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Q, Lin J, Yang M, Li Z, Zhang M, Bu B. Therapeutic potential of natural killer cells in neuroimmunological diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116371. [PMID: 38430631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, a major component of the innate immune system, have prominent immunoregulatory, antitumor proliferation, and antiviral activities. NK cells act as a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential in neurological autoimmunity. Emerging evidence has identified NK cells are involved in the development and progression of neuroimmunological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, autoimmune encephalitis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. However, the regulatory mechanisms and functional roles of NK cells are highly variable in different clinical states of neuroimmunological diseases and need to be further determined. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the heterogenic involvement of NK cells in the above conditions. Further, we describe cutting-edge NK-cell-based immunotherapy for neuroimmunological diseases in preclinical and clinical development and highlight challenges that must be overcome to fully realize the therapeutic potential of NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mengge Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Bitao Bu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yazdi M, Hasanzadeh Kafshgari M, Khademi Moghadam F, Zarezade V, Oellinger R, Khosravi M, Haas S, Hoch CC, Pockley AG, Wagner E, Wollenberg B, Multhoff G, Bashiri Dezfouli A. Crosstalk Between NK Cell Receptors and Tumor Membrane Hsp70-Derived Peptide: A Combined Computational and Experimental Study. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305998. [PMID: 38298098 PMCID: PMC11005703 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are central components of the innate immunity system against cancers. Since tumor cells have evolved a series of mechanisms to escape from NK cells, developing methods for increasing the NK cell antitumor activity is of utmost importance. It is previously shown that an ex vivo stimulation of patient-derived NK cells with interleukin (IL)-2 and Hsp70-derived peptide TKD (TKDNNLLGRFELSG, aa450-461) results in a significant upregulation of activating receptors including CD94 and CD69 which triggers exhausted NK cells to target and kill malignant solid tumors expressing membrane Hsp70 (mHsp70). Considering that TKD binding to an activating receptor is the initial step in the cytolytic signaling cascade of NK cells, herein this interaction is studied by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation computational modeling. The in silico results showed a crucial role of the heterodimeric receptor CD94/NKG2A and CD94/NKG2C in the TKD interaction with NK cells. Antibody blocking and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout studies verified the key function of CD94 in the TKD stimulation and activation of NK cells which is characterized by an increased cytotoxic capacity against mHsp70 positive tumor cells via enhanced production and release of lytic granules and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Yazdi
- Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of PharmacyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU)81377MunichGermany
| | - Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical ElectronicsCampus Klinikum München rechts der IsarTranslaTUMTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | | | - Vahid Zarezade
- Behbahan Faculty of Medical SciencesBehbahan6361796819Iran
| | - Rupert Oellinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional GenomicsSchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)School of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | - Mohammad Khosravi
- Department of PathobiologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvaz6135783151Iran
| | - Stefan Haas
- Department of Radiation OncologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | - Cosima C. Hoch
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | - Alan Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research CentreSchool of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG11 8NSUK
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyDepartment of PharmacyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität (LMU)81377MunichGermany
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)School of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
- Department of Radiation OncologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| | - Ali Bashiri Dezfouli
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM)School of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
- Department of Radiation OncologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologySchool of MedicineTechnische Universität München81675MunichGermany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reed AE, Peraza J, van den Haak F, Hernandez ER, Gibbs RA, Chinn IK, Lupski JR, Marchi E, Reshef R, Alobeid B, Mace EM, Orange JS. β-Actin G342D as a Cause of NK Cell Deficiency Impairing Lytic Synapse Termination. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:962-973. [PMID: 38315012 PMCID: PMC11337350 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
NK cell deficiency (NKD) occurs when an individual's major clinical immunodeficiency derives from abnormal NK cells and is associated with several genetic etiologies. Three categories of β-actin-related diseases with over 60 ACTB (β-actin) variants have previously been identified, none with a distinct NK cell phenotype. An individual with mild developmental delay, macrothrombocytopenia, and susceptibility to infections, molluscum contagiosum virus, and EBV-associated lymphoma had functional NKD for over a decade. A de novo ACTB variant encoding G342D β-actin was identified and was consistent with the individual's developmental and platelet phenotype. This novel variant also was found to have direct impact in NK cells because its expression in the human NK cell line YTS (YTS-NKD) caused increased cell spreading in lytic immune synapses created on activating surfaces. YTS-NKD cells were able to degranulate and perform cytotoxicity, but they demonstrated defective serial killing because of prolonged conjugation to the killed target cell and thus were effectively unable to terminate lytic synapses. G342D β-actin results in a novel, to our knowledge, mechanism of functional NKD via increased synaptic spreading and defective lytic synapse termination with resulting impaired serial killing, leading to overall reductions in NK cell cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Reed
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jackeline Peraza
- Department of Biology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Frederique van den Haak
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Evelyn R Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ivan K Chinn
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Retrovirology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Enrica Marchi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, NCI Designated Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Ran Reshef
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bachir Alobeid
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Emily M Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Petrov S, Taskov H, Murdjeva M. Guardians of immunity: NK cell-mediated defense in COVID-19 and post-COVID scenarios. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2024; 66:12-18. [PMID: 38426460 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.66.e113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has left a lasting impact on global health, challenging communities, healthcare systems, and researchers worldwide. As we navigate this unprecedented crisis, this paper embarks on a multifaceted exploration of the pivotal role played by natural killer (NK) cells in the context of COVID-19. A significant portion of this paper is devoted to dissecting the nuanced role that NK cells assume in the context of COVID-19. From the initial acute infection to post-recovery immunity, NK cells emerge as critical players. We scrutinize the activation and dysregulation of NK cells during SARS-CoV-2 infection, shedding light on their potential contribution to disease severity. Moreover, we explore the fascinating landscape of post-COVID immunity, where NK cells are known to interact with adaptive immune responses, providing a foundation for long-term protection. In light of their central role, we investigate therapeutic strategies targeting NK cells in COVID-19 management, presenting an overview of current research efforts and their promise in mitigating disease progression. Lastly, we draw attention to research gaps, emphasizing the need for further investigation into NK cell dynamics during COVID-19. These gaps represent opportunities for advancing our understanding of NK cell biology and, by extension, enhancing our strategies for combating this global health crisis. This comprehensive exploration not only highlights the intricate interplay between NK cells and the COVID-19 pandemic but also underscores the importance of these innate immune warriors in shaping both the acute response and long-term immunity, ultimately contributing to the broader discourse surrounding the pandemic's pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
10
|
Karmakar S, Mishra A, Pal P, Lal G. Effector and cytolytic function of natural killer cells in anticancer immunity. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:235-252. [PMID: 37818891 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immune cells play an important role in mounting antigen-specific antitumor immunity. The contribution of innate immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and gamma-delta T cells is well studied in cancer immunology. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells that show effector and regulatory function in a contact-dependent and contact-independent manner. The cytotoxic function of NK cells plays an important role in killing the infected and transformed host cells and controlling infection and tumor growth. However, several studies have also ascribed the role of NK cells in inducing pathophysiology in autoimmune diseases, promoting immune tolerance in the uterus, and antitumor function in the tumor microenvironment. We discuss the fundamentals of NK cell biology, its distribution in different organs, cellular and molecular interactions, and its cytotoxic and noncytotoxic functions in cancer biology. We also highlight the use of NK cell-based adoptive cellular therapy in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Karmakar
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Pradipta Pal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| | - Girdhari Lal
- Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Tolerance, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, MH-411007, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wei SL, Yang CL, Si WY, Dong J, Zhao XL, Zhang P, Li H, Wang CC, Zhang M, Li XL, Duan RS. Altered serum levels of cytokines in patients with myasthenia gravis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23745. [PMID: 38192761 PMCID: PMC10772159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by generalized skeletal muscle contraction weakness due to autoantibodies targeting neural-muscular junctions. Here, we investigated the relationship between key cytokines and MG type, disease course, antibodies, and comorbidities. Method Cytokine levels in serum samples collected from MG (n = 45) and healthy control (HC, n = 38) patients from January 2020 to June 2022 were quantified via flow cytometry. Results Levels of IL-6 were higher in the MG group versus healthy individuals (p = 0.026) and in patients with generalized versus ocular MG (p = 0.019). IL-6 levels were positively correlated with QMG score. In patients with MG with both AChR and Titin antibodies, serum levels of sFas and granulysin were higher than in those with AChR alone (p = 0.036, and p = 0.028, respectively). LOMG had a reduction in serum levels of IL-2 compared to EOMG (p = 0.036). LOMG patients with diabetes had lower serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ (p = 0.044, p = 0.038, and p = 0.047, respectively) versus those without diabetes. sFas in the MG with Abnormal thymus were reduced compared to those in MG with Normal thymus (p = 0.008). Conclusions This study revealed a positive correlation between IL-6 level and MG status. Serum cytokine levels of the AChR + Titin MG group differed from those of the AChR group. LOMG had a lower IL-2 level. Comorbidities affect some cytokines in peripheral blood in MG serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Li Wei
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Wei-Yue Si
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xue-Lu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Cong-Cong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Rui-Sheng Duan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Institute of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
- Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Jinan 250014, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ijaz A, Broere F, Rutten VPMG, Jansen CA, Veldhuizen EJA. Perforin and granzyme A release as novel tool to measure NK cell activation in chickens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:105047. [PMID: 37625470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that are present in the circulation but also in many organs including spleen and gut, where they play an important role in the defense against infections. Interaction of NK cells with target cells leads to degranulation, which results in the release of perforin and granzymes in the direct vicinity of the target cell. Chicken NK cells have many characteristics similar to their mammalian counterparts and based on similarities with studies on human NK cells, surface expression of CD107 was always presumed to correlate with granule release. However, proof of this degranulation or in fact the actual presence of perforin (PFN) and granzyme A (GrA) in chicken NK cells and their release upon activation is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the presence of perforin and granzyme A in primary chicken NK cells and to measure their release upon degranulation, as an additional tool to study the function of chicken NK cells. Using human specific antibodies against PFN and GrA in fluorescent and confocal microscopy resulted in staining in chicken NK cells. The presence of PFN and GrA was also confirmed by Western blot analyses and its gene expression by PCR. Stimulation of NK cells with the pectin SPE6 followed by flow cytometry resulted in reduced levels of intracellular PFN and GrA, suggesting release of PFN and GrA. Expression of PFN and GrA reversely correlated with increased surface expression of the lysosomal marker CD107. Finally it was shown that the supernatant of activated NK cells, containing the NK cell granule content including PFN and GrA, was able to kill Escherichia coli. This study correlates PFN and GrA release to activation of chicken NK cells and establishes an additional tool to study activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adil Ijaz
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Femke Broere
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor P M G Rutten
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin J A Veldhuizen
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Correa-Lara MVM, Lara-Vega I, Nájera-Martínez M, Domínguez-López ML, Reyes-Maldonado E, Vega-López A. Tumor-Infiltrating iNKT Cells Activated through c-Kit/Sca-1 Are Induced by Pentoxifylline, Norcantharidin, and Their Mixtures for Killing Murine Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1472. [PMID: 37895943 PMCID: PMC10610189 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of NK and other cytotoxic cells is considered the first defense line against cancer. However, a significant lack of information prevails on the possible roles played by factors considered characteristic of primitive cells, such as c-kit and Sca-1, in activating these cells, particularly in melanoma models subjected to treatments with substances under investigation, such as the case of norcantharidin. In this study, B16F1 murine melanoma cells were used to induce tumors in DBA/2 mice, estimating the proportions of NK and iNKT cells; the presence of activation (CD107a+) and primitive/activation (c-kit+/Lya6A+) markers and some tumor parameters, such as the presence of mitotic bodies, nuclear factor area, NK and iNKT cell infiltration in the tumor, infiltrated tumor area, and infiltrating lymphocyte count at 10x and 40x in specimens treated with pentoxifylline, norcantharidin, and the combination of both drugs. Possible correlations were estimated with Pearson's correlation analysis. It should be noted that, despite having demonstrated multiple correlations, immaturity/activation markers were related to these cells' activation. At the tumor site, iNKT cells are the ones that exert the cytotoxic potential on tumor cells, but they are confined to specific sites in the tumor. Due to the higher number of interactions of natural killer cells with tumor cells, it is concluded that the most effective treatment was PTX at 60 mg/kg + NCTD at 0.75 mg/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano V. M. Correa-Lara
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
| | - Israel Lara-Vega
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
| | - Minerva Nájera-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
| | - María Lilia Domínguez-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Hemopatología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City CP 11340, Mexico
| | - Armando Vega-López
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu s/n, Unidad Profesional Zacatenco, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico (M.N.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chockley PJ, Ibanez-Vega J, Krenciute G, Talbot LJ, Gottschalk S. Synapse-tuned CARs enhance immune cell anti-tumor activity. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:1434-1445. [PMID: 36732477 PMCID: PMC10394118 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technologies have been clinically implemented for the treatment of hematological malignancies; however, solid tumors remain resilient to CAR therapeutics. Natural killer (NK) cells may provide an optimal class of immune cells for CAR-based approaches due to their inherent anti-tumor functionality. In this study, we sought to tune CAR immune synapses by adding an intracellular scaffolding protein binding site to the CAR. We employ a PDZ binding motif (PDZbm) that enables additional scaffolding crosslinks that enhance synapse formation and NK CAR cell polarization. Combined effects of this CAR design result in increased effector cell functionality in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we used T cells and observed similar global enhancements in effector function. Synapse-tuned CAR immune cells exhibit amplified synaptic strength, number and abundance of secreted cytokines, enhanced killing of tumor cells and prolonged survival in numerous different tumor models, including solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Chockley
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Jorge Ibanez-Vega
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lindsay J Talbot
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qin Y, Mace EM, Barton JP. An inference model gives insights into innate immune adaptation and repertoire diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305859120. [PMID: 37695895 PMCID: PMC10515141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305859120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against infection. Natural killer (NK) cells, a vital part of the innate immune system, help to control infection and eliminate cancer. Studies have identified a vast array of receptors that NK cells use to discriminate between healthy and unhealthy cells. However, at present, it is difficult to explain how NK cells will respond to novel stimuli in different environments. In addition, the expression of different receptors on individual NK cells is highly stochastic, but the reason for these variegated expression patterns is unclear. Here, we studied the recognition of unhealthy target cells as an inference problem, where NK cells must distinguish between healthy targets with normal variability in ligand expression and ones that are clear "outliers." Our mathematical model fits well with experimental data, including NK cells' adaptation to changing environments and responses to different target cells. Furthermore, we find that stochastic, "sparse" receptor expression profiles are best able to detect a variety of possible threats, in agreement with experimental studies of the NK cell repertoire. While our study was specifically motivated by NK cells, our model is general and could also apply more broadly to explain principles of target recognition for other immune cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Qin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY10032
| | - John P. Barton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA15260
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jiang D, Zhang J, Mao Z, Shi J, Ma P. Driving natural killer cell-based cancer immunotherapy for cancer treatment: An arduous journey to promising ground. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115004. [PMID: 37352703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy represents one of the most effective strategies for cancer treatment. Recently, progress has been made in using natural killer (NK) cells for cancer therapy. NK cells can directly kill tumor cells without pre-sensitization and thus show promise in clinical applications, distinct from the use of T cells. Whereas, research and development on NK cell-based immunotherapy is still in its infancy, and enhancing the therapeutic effects of NK cells remains a key problem to be solved. An incompletely understanding of the mechanisms of action of NK cells, immune resistance in the tumor microenvironment, and obstacles associated with the delivery of therapeutic agents in vivo, represent three mountains that need to be scaled. Here, we firstly describe the mechanisms underlying the development, activity, and maturation of NK cells, and the formation of NK‑cell immunological synapses. Secondly, we discuss strategies for NK cell-based immunotherapy strategies, including adoptive transfer of NK cell therapy and treatment with cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting NK cells. Finally, we review the use of nanotechnology to overcome immune resistance, including enhancing the anti-tumor efficiency of chimeric antigen receptor-NK, cytokines and immunosuppressive-pathways inhibitors, promoting NK cell homing and developing NK cell-based nano-engagers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Jingya Zhang
- Patent Examination Cooperation (Henan) Center of the Patent office, China National Intellectual Property Administration, Henan 450046, China
| | - Zhenkun Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Peizhi Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Olivas-Aguirre M, Cruz-Aguilar LH, Pottosin I, Dobrovinskaya O. Reduction of Ca 2+ Entry by a Specific Block of KCa3.1 Channels Optimizes Cytotoxic Activity of NK Cells against T-ALL Jurkat Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2065. [PMID: 37626875 PMCID: PMC10453324 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Degranulation mediated killing mechanism by NK cells is dependent on store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and has optimum at moderate intracellular Ca2+ elevations so that partial block of SOCE optimizes the killing process. In this study, we tested the effect of the selective blocker of KCa3.1 channel NS6180 on SOCE and the killing efficiency of NK cells from healthy donors and NK-92 cells against T-ALL cell line Jurkat. Patch-clamp analysis showed that only one-quarter of resting NK cells functionally express KCa3.1 current, which increases 3-fold after activation by interleukins 15 and 2. Nevertheless, blockage of KCa3.1 significantly reduced SOCE and intracellular Ca2+ rise induced by IL-15 or target cell recognition. NS6180 (1 μM) decreased NK degranulation at zero time of coculture with Jurkat cells but already after 1 h, the degranulation reached the same level as in the control. Monitoring of target cell death by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy demonstrated that NS6180 significantly improved the killing ability of NK cells after 1 h in coculture with Jurkat cells and increased the Jurkat cell fraction with apoptotic and necrotic markers. Our data evidence a strong dependence of SOCE on KCa3.1 activity in NK cells and that KCa3.1 specific block can improve NK cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Olivas-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
- Division of Exact, Natural and Technological Sciences, South University Center (CUsur), University of Guadalajara, Guzmán City 49000, Mexico
| | - Laura Hadit Cruz-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Igor Pottosin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| | - Oxana Dobrovinskaya
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Ionic Transport Regulation, University Center for Biomedical Research, University of Colima, Colima 28045, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Y, Zhou W, Yang J, Yang J, Wang W. Chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer cells for cancer therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:70. [PMID: 37563648 PMCID: PMC10413722 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, a unique component of the innate immune system, are inherent killers of stressed and transformed cells. Based on their potent capacity to kill cancer cells and good tolerance of healthy cells, NK cells have been successfully employed in adoptive cell therapy to treat cancer patients. In recent years, the clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells has proven the vast potential of gene-manipulated immune cells as the main force to fight cancer. Following the lessons learned from mature gene-transfer technologies and advanced strategies in CAR-T therapy, NK cells have been rapidly explored as a promising candidate for CAR-based therapy. An exponentially growing number of studies have employed multiple sources of CAR-NK cells to target a wide range of cancer-related antigens, showing remarkable outcomes and encouraging safety profiles. Clinical trials of CAR-NK cells have also shown their impressive therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hematological tumors, but CAR-NK cell therapy for solid tumors is still in the initial stages. In this review, we present the favorable profile of NK cells as a potential platform for CAR-based engineering and then summarize the outcomes and strategies of CAR-NK therapies in up-to-date preclinical and clinical investigations. Finally, we evaluate the challenges remaining in CAR-NK therapy and describe existing strategies that can assist us in devising future prospective solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangping Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cruz Amaya J, Walcheck B, Smith-Gagen J, Lombardi VC, Hudig D. Detection of Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity-Supporting Antibodies by NK-92-CD16A Cell Externalization of CD107a: Recognition of Antibody Afucosylation and Assay Optimization. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:44. [PMID: 37489366 PMCID: PMC10366760 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) by natural killer (NK) lymphocytes eliminates cells infected with viruses. Anti-viral ADCC requires three components: (1) antibody; (2) effector lymphocytes with the Fc-IgG receptor CD16A; and (3) viral proteins in infected cell membranes. Fc-afucosylated antibodies bind with greater affinity to CD16A than fucosylated antibodies; individuals' variation in afucosylation contributes to differences in ADCC. Current assays for afucosylated antibodies involve expensive methods. We report an improved bioassay for antibodies that supports ADCC, which encompasses afucosylation. This assay utilizes the externalization of CD107a by NK-92-CD16A cells after antibody recognition. We used anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, GA101 WT or glycoengineered (GE), 10% or ~50% afucosylated, and CD20-positive Raji target cells. CD107a increased detection 7-fold compared to flow cytometry to detect Raji-bound antibodies. WT and GE antibody effective concentrations (EC50s) for CD107a externalization differed by 20-fold, with afucosylated GA101-GE more detectable. The EC50s for CD107a externalization vs. 51Cr cell death were similar for NK-92-CD16A and blood NK cells. Notably, the % CD107a-positive cells were negatively correlated with dead Raji cells and were nearly undetectable at high NK:Raji ratios required for cytotoxicity. This bioassay is very sensitive and adaptable to assess anti-viral antibodies but unsuitable as a surrogate assay to monitor cell death after ADCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Cruz Amaya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biological Sciences, Center for Immunology and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 295J AS/VM Building, 1988 Fitch Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Julie Smith-Gagen
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Vincent C. Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Dorothy Hudig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yadav GP, Wang H, Ouwendijk J, Cross S, Wang Q, Qin F, Verkade P, Zhu MX, Jiang QX. Chromogranin B (CHGB) is dimorphic and responsible for dominant anion channels delivered to cell surface via regulated secretion. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1205516. [PMID: 37435575 PMCID: PMC10330821 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1205516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated secretion is conserved in all eukaryotes. In vertebrates granin family proteins function in all key steps of regulated secretion. Phase separation and amyloid-based storage of proteins and small molecules in secretory granules require ion homeostasis to maintain their steady states, and thus need ion conductances in granule membranes. But granular ion channels are still elusive. Here we show that granule exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells delivers to cell surface dominant anion channels, to which chromogranin B (CHGB) is critical. Biochemical fractionation shows that native CHGB distributes nearly equally in soluble and membrane-bound forms, and both reconstitute highly selective anion channels in membrane. Confocal imaging resolves granular membrane components including proton pumps and CHGB in puncta on the cell surface after stimulated exocytosis. High pressure freezing immuno-EM reveals a major fraction of CHGB at granule membranes in rat pancreatic β-cells. A cryo-EM structure of bCHGB dimer of a nominal 3.5 Å resolution delineates a central pore with end openings, physically sufficient for membrane-spanning and large single channel conductance. Together our data support that CHGB-containing (CHGB+) channels are characteristic of regulated secretion, and function in granule ion homeostasis near the plasma membrane or possibly in other intracellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaya P. Yadav
- Departments of Microbiology and Cell Science and of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Haiyuan Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joke Ouwendijk
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Cross
- Wolfson Bioimaging facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Feng Qin
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael X. Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qiu-Xing Jiang
- Departments of Microbiology and Cell Science and of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Cryo-EM Center, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Asahi T, Abe S, Cui G, Shimba A, Nabekura T, Miyachi H, Kitano S, Ohira K, Dijkstra JM, Miyazaki M, Shibuya A, Ohno H, Ikuta K. Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells lacking IL-7 receptor are a native killer cell subset fostered by parenchymal niches. eLife 2023; 12:e84209. [PMID: 37352115 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (G1-ILCs), including circulating natural killer (NK) cells and tissue-resident type 1 ILCs (ILC1s), are innate immune sentinels critical for responses against infection and cancer. In contrast to relatively uniform NK cells through the body, diverse ILC1 subsets have been characterized across and within tissues in mice, but their developmental and functional heterogeneity remain unsolved. Here, using multimodal in vivo approaches including fate-mapping and targeting of the interleukin 15 (IL-15)-producing microenvironment, we demonstrate that liver parenchymal niches support the development of a cytotoxic ILC1 subset lacking IL-7 receptor (7 R- ILC1s). During ontogeny, fetal liver (FL) G1-ILCs arise perivascularly and then differentiate into 7 R- ILC1s within sinusoids. Hepatocyte-derived IL-15 supports parenchymal development of FL G1-ILCs to maintain adult pool of 7 R- ILC1s. IL-7R+ (7R+) ILC1s in the liver, candidate precursors for 7 R- ILC1s, are not essential for 7 R- ILC1 development in physiological conditions. Functionally, 7 R- ILC1s exhibit killing activity at steady state through granzyme B expression, which is underpinned by constitutive mTOR activity, unlike NK cells with exogenous stimulation-dependent cytotoxicity. Our study reveals the unique ontogeny and functions of liver-specific ILC1s, providing a detailed interpretation of ILC1 heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Asahi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Abe
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Guangwei Cui
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shimba
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nabekura
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Reproductive Engineering Team, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kitano
- Reproductive Engineering Team, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keizo Ohira
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- R&D Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Virus Research, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ren J, Feng X, Guo Y, Kong D, Wang Y, Xiao J, Jiang W, Feng X, Liu X, Li A, Sun C, He M, Li B, Wang J, Jiang Y, Zheng C. GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway plays crucial roles in the regulation of NK cell cytotoxicity against myeloma cells. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22821. [PMID: 36794671 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201658rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The plasma cell malignancy, multiple myeloma (MM), has significantly improved by the application of new drugs and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, MM remains incurable. A number of studies have revealed an anti-MM effect of natural killer (NK) cells; however, their clinical efficacy is limited. Furthermore, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β inhibitors show an antitumor function. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential roles of a GSK-3β inhibitor (TWS119) in the regulation of NK cell cytotoxicity against MM. Our results showed that, in the presence of TWS119, the NK cell line, NK-92, and in vitro-expanded primary NK cells exhibited a significantly higher degranulation activity, expression of activating receptors, cellular cytotoxicity, and cytokine secretion when they were exposed to MM cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that TWS119 treatment markedly upregulated RAB27A expression, a key molecule for NK cell degranulation, and induced the colocalization of β-catenin with NF-κB in the nucleus of NK cells. More importantly, GSK-3β inhibition combined with the adoptive transfer of TWS119-treated NK-92 cells significantly reduced tumor volume and prolonged the survival time of myeloma-bearing mice. In summary, our novel findings suggest that targeting GSK-3β through the activation of β-catenin/NF-κB pathway may be an important approach to improve therapeutic efficacy of NK cell transfusion for MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumei Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dexiao Kong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ai Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Congcong Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingming He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingen Li
- R&D Department, Weihai Zhengsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Weihai, China
| | - Juandong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Biotherapy for Hematological Malignancy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wong JKM, Dolcetti R, Rhee H, Simpson F, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F. Weaponizing natural killer cells for solid cancer immunotherapy. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:111-121. [PMID: 36379852 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing natural killer (NK) cell-based innate immunity has become a promising strategy for immunotherapy against hard-to-cure solid cancers. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy has been used to activate NK-cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) towards solid cancers. Cancer cells, however, can subvert immunosurveillance using multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms, which may hamper NK cell ADCC. Mechanisms to safely enhance ADCC by NK cells, such as utilizing temporary inhibition of receptor endocytosis to increase antibody presentation from target to effector cells can now be used to enhance NK-cell-mediated ADCC against solid tumors. This review summarizes and discusses the recent advances in the field and highlights current and potential future use of immunotherapies to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of innate anticancer immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua K M Wong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Handoo Rhee
- Princess Alexandra Hospital and Queen Elizabeth Jubilee II Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; The School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zheng C, Peng Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhao Q. Identification and Validation of Ferroptosis-Related Subtypes and a Predictive Signature in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:39-58. [PMID: 36726530 PMCID: PMC9885776 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s397892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world with an immunosuppressive Tumor microenvironment (TME). Ferroptosis plays an essential role in tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and TME of HCC has remained elusive. Methods Differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE FRGs) between normal liver tissues and HCC tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). On this basis, we identified the molecular subtypes mediated by DE FRGs and TME cell infiltration. Next, a predictive signature was established to quantity the ferroptosis-related characteristics by performing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analyses. Univariate and multivariate COX analyses determined the independent prognostic factors. Finally, the expression stability of 3 ferroptosis-related signature genes was verified in cancer and paracancerous normal tissues of HCC. Results We identified three different molecular subtypes and found that the subtype with the better prognosis was associated with high enrichment of immune- and metabolic-related hallmark signaling pathways and high infiltration of immune cells in TME. The signature was considered to be an independent prognostic factor. We also found that the signature can reflect the infiltration characteristics of different immune cells in TME. Immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells, and type 17 T helper cells were significantly enriched in the high-risk group. The analysis data of immune checkpoints and tumor mutation load indicated that the signature had great potential in predicting Immunotherapy response and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. In addition, the overexpression of 3 ferroptosis-related signature genes was confirmed in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Ferroptosis inducer RSL3 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells and was a potential cancer immunotherapy agent. Conclusion These findings enhanced our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis in HCC and provided new insights into evaluating prognosis and developing more effective Immunotherapy and chemotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Lan Liu; Qiu Zhao, Tel +86-027-67812888, Fax +86 027-67812892, Email ;
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China,Hubei Clinical Center and Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, 430071, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Morimoto T, Nakazawa T, Maeoka R, Nakagawa I, Tsujimura T, Matsuda R. Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy against Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032111. [PMID: 36768432 PMCID: PMC9916747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Despite multimodality treatment involving surgical resection, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and tumor-treating fields, the median overall survival (OS) after diagnosis is approximately 2 years and the 5-year OS is poor. Considering the poor prognosis, novel treatment strategies are needed, such as immunotherapies, which include chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccine therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. However, these therapies have not achieved satisfactory outcomes. One reason for this is that these therapies are mainly based on activating T cells and controlling GBM progression. Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy involves the new feature of recognizing GBM via differing mechanisms from that of T cell-based immunotherapy. In this review, we focused on NK cell-based immunotherapy as a novel GBM treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Morimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara City Hospital, Nara 630-8305, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (T.N.); Tel.: +81-744-22-3051 (T.M.); +81-745-84-9335 (T.N.)
| | - Tsutomu Nakazawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
- Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Uda 633-2221, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Uda 633-2221, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (T.N.); Tel.: +81-744-22-3051 (T.M.); +81-745-84-9335 (T.N.)
| | - Ryosuke Maeoka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsujimura
- Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Uda 633-2221, Japan
- Clinic Grandsoul Nara, Uda 633-2221, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Matsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oh BLZ, Chan LWY, Chai LYA. Manipulating NK cellular therapy from cancer to invasive fungal infection: promises and challenges. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1044946. [PMID: 36969979 PMCID: PMC10034767 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1044946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ideal strategy to fight an infection involves both (i) weakening the invading pathogen through conventional antimicrobial therapy, and (ii) strengthening defense through the augmentation of host immunity. This is even more pertinent in the context of invasive fungal infections whereby the majority of patients have altered immunity and are unable to mount an appropriate host response against the pathogen. Natural killer (NK) cells fit the requirement of an efficient, innate executioner of both tumour cells and pathogens – their unique, targeted cell killing mechanism, combined with other arms of the immune system, make them potent effectors. These characteristics, together with their ready availability (given the various sources of extrinsic NK cells available for harvesting), make NK cells an attractive choice as adoptive cellular therapy against fungi in invasive infections. Improved techniques in ex vivo NK cell activation with expansion, and more importantly, recent advances in genetic engineering including state-of-the-art chimeric antigen receptor platform development, have presented an opportune moment to harness this novel therapeutic as a key component of a multipronged strategy against invasive fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Ling Zhi Oh
- VIVA-University Children’s Cancer Centre, Khoo-Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Wei Yong Chan
- Clinician Scientist Academy, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Yi Ann Chai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Louis Yi Ann Chai,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kang G, Zhao X, Sun J, Cheng C, Wang C, Tao L, Zong L, Yin W, Cong J, Li J, Wang X. A2AR limits IL-15-induced generation of CD39 + NK cells with high cytotoxicity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109567. [PMID: 36529024 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CD39-mediated inhibition of natural killer (NK) cell activity has been demonstrated, but the characteristics of CD39+ NK cells in humans are not known. We investigated the characteristics of human circulating CD39+ NK cells. In healthy donors, the proportion of circulating CD39+ NK cells in total NK cells was relatively low compared with that of CD39- NK cells. Nonetheless, a higher proportion of CD39+ NK cells expressed CD107a. Similarly, a higher proportion of CD39+ NK cells expressed CD107a in patients with hepatitis B virus or patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Stimulation with NK-sensitive K562 cells or interleukin (IL)-12/IL-18 activated CD39+ NK cells to express higher levels of CD107a, IFN-γ and TNF-α, relative to CD39- NK cells. Importantly, IL-15 induced the generation of CD39+ NK cells. In contrast, A2A adenosine receptor (A2AR) ligation suppressed the generation of CD39+ NK cells by inhibiting IL-15 signaling. These data for the first time demonstrated that A2AR counteracts IL-15-induced generation of human CD39+ NK cells, which have a stronger cytotoxicity than CD39- NK cells. IL-15-induced human CD39+ NK cells might be better choice for immunotherapy based on adoptive transfer of NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xueqin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiafeng Sun
- Dental Department, Health Service Center, Jianghai Community, Guangyi Street, Liangxi District, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Longxiang Tao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wenwei Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Cong
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Xuefu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ambrose AR, Hazime KS, Davis DM. Analyzing Single Cell Secretions by "Shadow Imaging". Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2654:409-420. [PMID: 37106197 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3135-5_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a method, which we term "shadow imaging," to analyze the secretions of individual cells at immune synapses or other cell contacts. Following immune synapse formation and cellular activation on ligand-rich slides, the position of each cell is recorded using a pulsed immunofluorescence stain against the proteins on the ligand-rich slide surface. The pulsed stain does not penetrate the synaptic cleft, resulting in an unlabeled region or "shadow" beneath cells that is retained following cellular detachment. The secreted components, such as perforin, exosomes, or other types of extracellular vesicles, are retained on the slide and can be analyzed on a single-cell basis using immunofluorescence. The ability to identify single cells secreting different combinations of particles, proteins, and vesicles enables us to better understand the heterogeneity in immune cell secretions and can be used as a novel approach for phenotyping cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Ambrose
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Khodor S Hazime
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel M Davis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Deng X, Terunuma H. Harnessing NK Cells to Control Metastasis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122018. [PMID: 36560427 PMCID: PMC9781233 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has produced remarkable results in tumor treatment. Nevertheless, its effects are severely limited in patients with low or absent pre-existing T cell immunity. Accordingly, metastasis remains the major cause of tumor-associated death. On the other hand, natural killer (NK) cells have the unique ability to recognize and rapidly act against tumor cells and surveil tumor cell dissemination. The role of NK cells in metastasis prevention is undisputable as an increase in the number of these cells mostly leads to a favorable prognosis. Hence, it is reasonable to consider that successful metastasis involves evasion of NK-cell-mediated immunosurveillance. Therefore, harnessing NK cells to control metastasis is promising. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the seeds for distant metastasis, and the number of CTCs detected in the blood of patients with tumor is associated with a worse prognosis, whereas NK cells can eliminate highly motile CTCs especially in the blood. Here, we review the role of NK cells during metastasis, particularly the specific interactions of NK cells with CTCs, which may provide essential clues on how to harness the power of NK cells against tumor metastasis. As a result, a new way to prevent or treat metastatic tumor may be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Deng
- Biotherapy Institute of Japan Inc., 2-4-8 Edagawa, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0051, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5632-6080; Fax: +81-3-5632-6083
| | - Hiroshi Terunuma
- Biotherapy Institute of Japan Inc., 2-4-8 Edagawa, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0051, Japan
- N2 Clinic Yotsuya, 5F 2-6 Samon-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0017, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Podojil JR, Cogswell AC, Chiang MY, Eaton V, Ifergan I, Neef T, Xu D, Meghani KA, Yu Y, Orbach SM, Murthy T, Boyne MT, Elhofy A, Shea LD, Meeks JJ, Miller SD. Biodegradable nanoparticles induce cGAS/STING-dependent reprogramming of myeloid cells to promote tumor immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887649. [PMID: 36059473 PMCID: PMC9433741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment utilizing infusion therapies to enhance the patient's own immune response against the tumor have shown significant functionality in a small subpopulation of patients. Additionally, advances have been made in the utilization of nanotechnology for the treatment of disease. We have previously reported the potent effects of 3-4 daily intravenous infusions of immune modifying poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (IMPs; named ONP-302) for the amelioration of acute inflammatory diseases by targeting myeloid cells. The present studies describe a novel use for ONP-302, employing an altered dosing scheme to reprogram myeloid cells resulting in significant enhancement of tumor immunity. ONP-302 infusion decreased tumor growth via the activation of the cGAS/STING pathway within myeloid cells, and subsequently increased NK cell activation via an IL-15-dependent mechanism. Additionally, ONP-302 treatment increased PD-1/PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment, thereby allowing for functionality of anti-PD-1 for treatment in the B16.F10 melanoma tumor model which is normally unresponsive to monotherapy with anti-PD-1. These findings indicate that ONP-302 allows for tumor control via reprogramming myeloid cells via activation of the STING/IL-15/NK cell mechanism, as well as increasing anti-PD-1 response rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Podojil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States,Cour Pharmaceutical Development Company, Northbrook, IL, United States
| | - Andrew C. Cogswell
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ming-Yi Chiang
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Valerie Eaton
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Igal Ifergan
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tobias Neef
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Khyati A. Meghani
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yanni Yu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States,Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sophia M. Orbach
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tushar Murthy
- Cour Pharmaceutical Development Company, Northbrook, IL, United States
| | - Michael T. Boyne
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States,Cour Pharmaceutical Development Company, Northbrook, IL, United States
| | - Adam Elhofy
- Cour Pharmaceutical Development Company, Northbrook, IL, United States
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Joshua J. Meeks
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States,Immunobiology Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Stephen D. Miller,
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rossi F, Fredericks N, Snowden A, Allegrezza MJ, Moreno-Nieves UY. Next Generation Natural Killer Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886429. [PMID: 35720306 PMCID: PMC9202478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy for cancer has become mainstream with several products now authorized for therapeutic use in the clinic and are becoming the standard of care for some malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies have demonstrated substantial efficacy for the treatment of hematological malignancies; however, they are complex and currently expensive to manufacture, and they can generate life-threatening adverse events such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). The limitations of current CAR-T cells therapies have spurred an interest in alternative immunotherapy approaches with safer risk profiles and with less restrictive manufacturing constraints. Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of immune effector cells with potent anti-viral and anti-tumor activity; they have the capacity to swiftly recognize and kill cancer cells without the need of prior stimulation. Although NK cells are naturally equipped with cytotoxic potential, a growing body of evidence shows the added benefit of engineering them to better target tumor cells, persist longer in the host, and be fitter to resist the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME). NK-cell-based immunotherapies allow for the development of allogeneic off-the-shelf products, which have the potential to be less expensive and readily available for patients in need. In this review, we will focus on the advances in the development of engineering of NK cells for cancer immunotherapy. We will discuss the sourcing of NK cells, the technologies available to engineer NK cells, current clinical trials utilizing engineered NK cells, advances on the engineering of receptors adapted for NK cells, and stealth approaches to avoid recipient immune responses. We will conclude with comments regarding the next generation of NK cell products, i.e., armored NK cells with enhanced functionality, fitness, tumor-infiltration potential, and with the ability to overcome tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Rossi
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel Fredericks
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Andrew Snowden
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Michael J Allegrezza
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
| | - Uriel Y Moreno-Nieves
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ramírez-Labrada A, Pesini C, Santiago L, Hidalgo S, Calvo-Pérez A, Oñate C, Andrés-Tovar A, Garzón-Tituaña M, Uranga-Murillo I, Arias MA, Galvez EM, Pardo J. All About (NK Cell-Mediated) Death in Two Acts and an Unexpected Encore: Initiation, Execution and Activation of Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896228. [PMID: 35651603 PMCID: PMC9149431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are key mediators of immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward infected and transformed cells, being one of the main executors of cell death in the immune system. NK cells recognize target cells through an array of inhibitory and activating receptors for endogenous or exogenous pathogen-derived ligands, which together with adhesion molecules form a structure known as immunological synapse that regulates NK cell effector functions. The main and best characterized mechanisms involved in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity are the granule exocytosis pathway (perforin/granzymes) and the expression of death ligands. These pathways are recognized as activators of different cell death programmes on the target cells leading to their destruction. However, most studies analyzing these pathways have used pure recombinant or native proteins instead of intact NK cells and, thus, extrapolation of the results to NK cell-mediated cell death might be difficult. Specially, since the activation of granule exocytosis and/or death ligands during NK cell-mediated elimination of target cells might be influenced by the stimulus received from target cells and other microenvironment components, which might affect the cell death pathways activated on target cells. Here we will review and discuss the available experimental evidence on how NK cells kill target cells, with a special focus on the different cell death modalities that have been found to be activated during NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity; including apoptosis and more inflammatory pathways like necroptosis and pyroptosis. In light of this new evidence, we will develop the new concept of cell death induced by NK cells as a new regulatory mechanism linking innate immune response with the activation of tumour adaptive T cell responses, which might be the initiating stimulus that trigger the cancer-immunity cycle. The use of the different cell death pathways and the modulation of the tumour cell molecular machinery regulating them might affect not only tumour cell elimination by NK cells but, in addition, the generation of T cell responses against the tumour that would contribute to efficient tumour elimination and generate cancer immune memory preventing potential recurrences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Ramírez-Labrada
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Unidad de Nanotoxicología e Inmunotoxicología (UNATI), Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cecilia Pesini
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Carboquimica (ICB), CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sandra Hidalgo
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adanays Calvo-Pérez
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Oñate
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alejandro Andrés-Tovar
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marcela Garzón-Tituaña
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Iratxe Uranga-Murillo
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Maykel A Arias
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva M Galvez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Carboquimica (ICB), CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Immunotherapy, Inflammation and Cancer, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo ARAID Foundation, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Demel I, Koristek Z, Motais B, Hajek R, Jelinek T. Natural killer cells: Innate immune system as a part of adaptive immunotherapy in hematological malignancies. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:802-817. [PMID: 35285978 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of a phylogenetically old defense system, which is characterized by its strong cytolytic function against physiologically stressed cells such as tumor cells and virus-infected cells. Their use in the treatment of hematological malignancies may be more advantageous in several ways when compared with the already established T lymphocyte-based immunotherapy. Given the different mechanisms of action, allogeneic NK cell products can be produced in a non-personal based manner without the risk of the formidable graft-versus-host disease. Advanced manufacturing processes are capable of producing NK cells relatively easily in large and clinically sufficient numbers, useable without subsequent manipulations or after genetic modifications, which can solve the lack of specificity and improve clinical efficacy of NK cell products. This review summarizes the basic characteristics of NK cells and provides a quick overview of their sources. Results of clinical trials in hematological malignancies are presented, and strategies on how to improve the clinical outcome of NK cell therapy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Demel
- Department of Hematooncology University Hospital Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Koristek
- Department of Hematooncology University Hospital Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin Motais
- Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hematooncology University Hospital Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Jelinek
- Department of Hematooncology University Hospital Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hojjatipour T, Aslani S, Salimifard S, Mikaeili H, Hemmatzadeh M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Ahangar Parvin E, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mohammadi H. NK cells - Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108682. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
35
|
Ham H, Medlyn M, Billadeau DD. Locked and Loaded: Mechanisms Regulating Natural Killer Cell Lytic Granule Biogenesis and Release. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871106. [PMID: 35558071 PMCID: PMC9088006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a critical element of our immune system required for protection from microbial infections and cancer. NK cells bind to and eliminate infected or cancerous cells via direct secretion of cytotoxic molecules toward the bound target cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular regulations of NK cell cytotoxicity, focusing on lytic granule development and degranulation processes. NK cells synthesize apoptosis-inducing proteins and package them into specialized organelles known as lytic granules (LGs). Upon activation of NK cells, LGs converge with the microtubule organizing center through dynein-dependent movement along microtubules, ultimately polarizing to the cytotoxic synapse where they subsequently fuse with the NK plasma membrane. From LGs biogenesis to degranulation, NK cells utilize several strategies to protect themselves from their own cytotoxic molecules. Additionally, molecular pathways that enable NK cells to perform serial killing are beginning to be elucidated. These advances in the understanding of the molecular pathways behind NK cell cytotoxicity will be important to not only improve current NK cell-based anti-cancer therapies but also to support the discovery of additional therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoungjun Ham
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Michael Medlyn
- Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Daniel D Billadeau
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Immunology College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chung YM, Tsai WB, Khan PP, Ma J, Berek JS, Larrick JW, Hu MCT. FOXO3-dependent suppression of PD-L1 promotes anticancer immune responses via activation of natural killer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1241-1263. [PMID: 35411241 PMCID: PMC8984903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Boosting anticancer immunity by blocking immune checkpoints such as the programmed death-1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1) is a breakthrough anticancer therapy. However, many cancer patients do not respond well to immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) alone. Here we show that low-dose pharmacological immunoactivators (e.g., SN38, topotecan, sorafenib, etc.) notably downregulate PD-L1 and upregulate FOXO3 expression in various human and murine cancer cell lines. In a mouse tumor model, low-dose SN38 treatment markedly suppresses tumor growth, reduces PD-L1 expression, and enhances FOXO3 expression in primary tumor specimens. SN38 therapy engages the tumor-infiltrating mouse NK1.1/CD49b/NKG2D-positive natural killer (NK) cells to attack tumor cells by inducing mouse IFN-γ and granzyme-B secretion in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo. SN38 treatment also promotes tumor cell apoptosis in the TME. SN38 treatment significantly decreases STAT3-pY705 and IL-6 protein levels; FOXO3 is essential for SN38-mediated PD-L1 downregulation. Collectively, these findings may contribute to future translational or clinical investigations tackling difficult-to-treat cancers with immune-activating medicines or combined with ICB immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Chung
- Panorama Institute of Molecular Medicine & Panorama Research InstituteSunnyvale, CA 94089, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wen Bin Tsai
- Panorama Institute of Molecular Medicine & Panorama Research InstituteSunnyvale, CA 94089, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pragya P Khan
- Panorama Institute of Molecular Medicine & Panorama Research InstituteSunnyvale, CA 94089, USA
| | - Jessica Ma
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan S Berek
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James W Larrick
- Panorama Institute of Molecular Medicine & Panorama Research InstituteSunnyvale, CA 94089, USA
| | - Mickey C-T Hu
- Panorama Institute of Molecular Medicine & Panorama Research InstituteSunnyvale, CA 94089, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hashemi E, Mei A, Wang D, Khalil M, Malarkannan S. Methods for Isolating and Defining Single-Cell Transcriptomes of Tissue-Resident Human NK Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2463:103-116. [PMID: 35344170 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2160-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that control tumors and microbial infections. Human NK cells are transcriptomically and phenotypically heterogeneous. The site where NK cells develop and reside determines their phenotype and effector functions. Our current knowledge about human NK cells is primarily from blood- and bone marrow-derived NK cells. The major limitation in formulating organ-specific clinical therapy is the knowledge gap on how tissue-resident NK cells develop, home, and function. Thus, it is crucial to define the transcriptomic profiles and the transcriptional regulation of tissue-resident NK cells. The major challenges in studying tissue-resident NK cells include their total number and the complexity of the tissue. Additionally, during isolation, keeping them viable and naïve without activation are challenging tasks. Here, we provide methods for isolating and performing transcriptomic analyses of NK cells at the individual cell level. Single-cell RNA sequencing provides a higher resolution of cellular heterogeneity and a better understanding of cell-cell interactions within the microenvironment. Using these methods, we can efficiently identify distinct populations of NK cells in tissues and define their unique transcriptomic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Hashemi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ao Mei
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mohamed Khalil
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Johanson TM, Keenan CR, Allan RS. Shedding Structured Light on Molecular Immunity: The Past, Present and Future of Immune Cell Super Resolution Microscopy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:754200. [PMID: 34975842 PMCID: PMC8715013 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the two decades since the invention of laser-based super resolution microscopy this family of technologies has revolutionised the way life is viewed and understood. Its unparalleled resolution, speed, and accessibility makes super resolution imaging particularly useful in examining the highly complex and dynamic immune system. Here we introduce the super resolution technologies and studies that have already fundamentally changed our understanding of a number of central immunological processes and highlight other immunological puzzles only addressable in super resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Johanson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine R. Keenan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys S. Allan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhu QY, Zhao GX, Li Y, Talakatta G, Mai HQ, Le QT, Young LS, Zeng MS. Advances in pathogenesis and precision medicine for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:175-206. [PMID: 34766141 PMCID: PMC8491203 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous carcinoma with apparent geographical and racial distribution, mostly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia, particularly concentrated in southern China. The epidemiological trend over the past decades has suggested a substantial reduction in the incidence rate and mortality rate due to NPC. These results may reflect changes in lifestyle and environment, and more importantly, a deeper comprehension of the pathogenic mechanism of NPC, leading to much progress in the preventing, screening, and treating for this cancer. Herein, we present the recent advances on the key signal pathways involved in pathogenesis of NPC, the mechanism of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) entry into the cell, and the progress of EBV vaccine and screening biomarkers. We will also discuss in depth the development of various therapeutic approaches including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. These research advancements have led to a new era of precision medicine in NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Ge-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Girish Talakatta
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology Stanford California
| | - Lawrence S Young
- Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pallazola AM, Rao JX, Mengistu DT, Morcos MS, Toma MS, Stolberg VR, Tretyakova A, McCloskey L, Curtis JL, Freeman CM. Human lung cDC1 drive increased perforin-mediated NK cytotoxicity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L1183-L1193. [PMID: 34704847 PMCID: PMC8715029 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00322.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung natural killer cells (NKs) lyse autologous lung epithelial cells in vitro, but underlying mechanisms and their relationship to epithelial cell apoptosis in vivo are undefined. Although this cytolytic capacity of lung NKs depends on priming by dendritic cells (DC), whether priming correlates with DC maturation or is limited to a specific DC subset are also unknown. We recruited ever-smokers (≥10 pack-years) (n=96) undergoing clinically-indicated lung resections. We analyzed lung NKs for cytotoxic molecule transcripts and for cytotoxicity, which we correlated with in situ detection of activated Caspase-3/7+ airway epithelial cells. To investigate DC priming, we measured lung DC expression of CCR2, CCR7, and CX3CR1, and co-cultured peripheral blood NKs with autologous lung DC, either matured using LPS (non-obstructed smokers) or separated into conventional DC type-1 (cDC1) versus cDC type-2 (cDC2) (COPD). Lung NKs in COPD expressed more perforin (p<0.02) and granzyme B (p<0.03) transcripts; inhibiting perforin blocked in vitro killing by lung NKs. Cytotoxicity in vitro correlated significantly (Sr=0.68, p=0.0043) with numbers of apoptotic epithelial cells per airway. In non-obstructed smokers, LPS-induced maturation enhanced DC-mediated priming of blood NKs, reflected by greater epithelial cell death. Although CCR7 expression was greater in COPD in both cDC1 (p<0.03) and cDC2 (p=0.009), only lung cDC1 primed NK killing. Thus, rather than being intrinsic to those with COPD, NK priming is a capacity of human lung DC that is inducible by recognition of bacterial (and possibly other) danger signals and restricted to the cDC1 subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Pallazola
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jessica X Rao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Dawit T Mengistu
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maria S Morcos
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Mariam S Toma
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Valerie R Stolberg
- Research Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Alexandra Tretyakova
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lisa McCloskey
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Curtis
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Christine M Freeman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School and Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Research Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jung D, Baek YS, Lee IJ, Kim KY, Jang H, Hwang S, Jung J, Moon YW, Park KS, Choi YS, An HJ. Ex vivo expanded allogeneic natural killer cells have potent cytolytic activity against cancer cells through different receptor-ligand interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:333. [PMID: 34686187 PMCID: PMC8539797 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells have gained considerable attention as promising immunotherapeutic tools due to their unique biological functions and characteristics. Although many NK expansion strategies have been reported previously, a deeper understanding of cryopreserved allogeneic NK cells is needed for specific therapeutic approaches. Methods We isolated CD3−CD56+ primary natural killer (pNK) cells from healthy donors and expanded them ex vivo using a GMP-compliant method without any feeder to generate large volumes of therapeutic pNK cells and cryopreserved stocks. After validation for high purity and activating phenotypes, we performed RNA sequencing of the expanded and cryopreserved pNK cells. The pNK cells were used against various cancer cell lines in 7-AAD/CFSE cytotoxicity assay. For in vivo efficacy study, NSG mice bearing subcutaneous cisplatin-resistant A2780cis xenografts were treated with our pNK cells or cisplatin. Antitumor efficacy was assessed by measuring tumor volume and weight. Results Compared to the pNK cells before expansion, pNK cells after expansion showed 2855 upregulated genes, including genes related to NK cell activation, cytotoxicity, chemokines, anti-apoptosis, and proliferation. Additionally, the pNK cells showed potent cytolytic activity against various cancer cell lines. Interestingly, our activated pNK cells showed a marked increase in NKp44 (1064-fold), CD40L (12,018-fold), and CCR5 (49-fold), and did not express the programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1). We also demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of pNK cells against cisplatin-resistant A2780cis ovarian cancer cells having a high programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1) and low HLA-C expression. Conclusions Taken together, our study provides the first comprehensive genome wide analysis of ex vivo-expanded cryopreserved pNK cells. It also indicates the potential use of expanded and cryopreserved pNK cells as a highly promising immunotherapy for anti-cancer drug resistant patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02089-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daun Jung
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatapro Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Baek
- Immunotherapy Team, New Biological Entity (NBE) Research, R&D Division, CHA Biotech, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jee Lee
- Immunotherapy Team, New Biological Entity (NBE) Research, R&D Division, CHA Biotech, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatapro Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoo Jang
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatapro Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatapro Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Center for Research & Development, CHA Advanced Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wha Moon
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung An
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatapro Sungnam, Gyeonggi-do, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
An automated real-time microfluidic platform to probe single NK cell heterogeneity and cytotoxicity on-chip. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17084. [PMID: 34429486 PMCID: PMC8385055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxicity is a vital effector mechanism used by immune cells to combat pathogens and cancer cells. While conventional cytotoxicity assays rely on averaged end-point measures, crucial insights on the dynamics and heterogeneity of effector and target cell interactions cannot be extracted, emphasizing the need for dynamic single-cell analysis. Here, we present a fully automated droplet-based microfluidic platform that allowed the real-time monitoring of effector-target cell interactions and killing, allowing the screening of over 60,000 droplets identifying 2000 individual cellular interactions monitored over 10 h. During the course of incubation, we observed that the dynamics of cytotoxicity within the Natural Killer (NK) cell population varies significantly over the time. Around 20% of the total NK cells in droplets showed positive cytotoxicity against paired K562 cells, most of which was exhibited within first 4 h of cellular interaction. Using our single cell analysis platform, we demonstrated that the population of NK cells is composed of individual cells with different strength in their effector functions, a behavior masked in conventional studies. Moreover, the versatility of our platform will allow the dynamic and resolved study of interactions between immune cell types and the finding and characterization of functional sub-populations, opening novel ways towards both fundamental and translational research.
Collapse
|
43
|
Maiborodin I, Shevela A, Matveeva V, Morozov V, Toder M, Krasil’nikov S, Koryakina A, Shevela A, Yanushevich O. First Experimental Study of the Influence of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Multipotent Stromal Cells on Osseointegration of Dental Implants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168774. [PMID: 34445482 PMCID: PMC8395855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the aim was to study the state of the bone tissue adjacent to dental implants after the use of extracellular vesicles derived from multipotent stromal cells (MSC EVs) of bone marrow origin in the experiment. In compliance with the rules of asepsis and antiseptics under general intravenous anesthesia with propofol, the screw dental implants were installed in the proximal condyles of the tibia of outbred rabbits without and with preliminary introduction of 19.2 μg MSC EVs into each bone tissue defect. In 3, 7, and 10 days after the operation, the density of bone tissue adjacent to different parts of the implant using an X-ray unit with densitometer was measured. In addition, the histological examinations of the bone site with the hole from the removed device and the soft tissues from the surface of the proximal tibial condyle in the area of intra-bone implants were made. It was found out that 3 days after implantation with the use of MSC EVs, the bone density was statistically significantly higher by 47.2% than after the same implantation, but without the injection of MSC EVs. It is possible that as a result of the immunomodulatory action of MSC EVs, the activity of inflammation decreases, and, respectively, the degree of vasodilation in bones and leukocyte infiltration of the soft tissues are lower, in comparison with the surgery performed in the control group. The bone fragments formed during implantation are mainly consolidated with each other and with the regenerating bone. Day 10 demonstrated that all animals with the use of MSC EVs had almost complete fusion of the screw device with the bone tissue, whereas after the operation without the application of MSC EVs, the heterogeneous histologic pattern was observed: From almost complete osseointegration of the implant to the absolute absence of contact between the foreign body and the new formed bone. Therefore, the use of MSC EVs during the introduction of dental implants into the proximal condyle of the tibia of rabbits contributes to an increase of the bone tissue density near the device after 3 days and to the achievement of consistently successful osseointegration of implants 10 days after the surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Maiborodin
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine” of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Akademika Timakova Str., 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandr Shevela
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
- International Center of Dental Implantology iDent, Sibrevkoma Str., 9b, 630007 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Vera Matveeva
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Vitaly Morozov
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Michael Toder
- International Center of Dental Implantology iDent, Sibrevkoma Str., 9b, 630007 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Sergey Krasil’nikov
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Alina Koryakina
- International Center of Dental Implantology iDent, Sibrevkoma Str., 9b, 630007 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrew Shevela
- Laboratory of Health Management Technologies, The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva Str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (V.M.); (V.M.); (S.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Oleg Yanushevich
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, The Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Delegatskaya Str., 20, p. 1, 127473 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ahluwalia P, Ahluwalia M, Mondal AK, Sahajpal NS, Kota V, Rojiani MV, Kolhe R. Natural Killer Cells and Dendritic Cells: Expanding Clinical Relevance in the Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164037. [PMID: 34439191 PMCID: PMC8394984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer that accounts for almost 85% of lung cancer cases worldwide. Although recent advances in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy have helped in the clinical management of these patients, the survival rate in advanced stages remains dismal. Furthermore, there is a critical lack of accurate prognostic and stratification markers for emerging immunotherapies. To harness immune response modalities for therapeutic benefits, a detailed understanding of the immune cells in the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is required. Among the diverse immune cells, natural killer (NK cells) and dendritic cells (DCs) have generated tremendous interest in the scientific community. NK cells play a critical role in tumor immunosurveillance by directly killing malignant cells. DCs link innate and adaptive immune systems by cross-presenting the antigens to T cells. The presence of an immunosuppressive milieu in tumors can lead to inactivation and poor functioning of NK cells and DCs, which results in an adverse outcome for many cancer patients, including those with NSCLC. Recently, clinical intervention using modified NK cells and DCs have shown encouraging response in advanced NSCLC patients. Herein, we will discuss prognostic and predictive aspects of NK cells and DC cells with an emphasis on NSCLC. Additionally, the discussion will extend to potential strategies that seek to enhance the anti-tumor functionality of NK cells and DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Ahluwalia
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Meenakshi Ahluwalia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Ashis K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Nikhil S. Sahajpal
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
| | - Vamsi Kota
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Mumtaz V. Rojiani
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (P.A.); (A.K.M.); (N.S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-2771; Fax: +1-706-434-6053
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Degranulation enhances presynaptic membrane packing, which protects NK cells from perforin-mediated autolysis. PLoS Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001328
expr 949426982 + 863878017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells kill a target cell by secreting perforin into the lytic immunological synapse, a specialized interface formed between the NK cell and its target. Perforin creates pores in target cell membranes allowing delivery of proapoptotic enzymes. Despite the fact that secreted perforin is in close range to both the NK and target cell membranes, the NK cell typically survives while the target cell does not. How NK cells preferentially avoid death during the secretion of perforin via the degranulation of their perforin-containing organelles (lytic granules) is perplexing. Here, we demonstrate that NK cells are protected from perforin-mediated autolysis by densely packed and highly ordered presynaptic lipid membranes, which increase packing upon synapse formation. When treated with 7-ketocholesterol, lipid packing is reduced in NK cells making them susceptible to perforin-mediated lysis after degranulation. Using high-resolution imaging and lipidomics, we identified lytic granules themselves as having endogenously densely packed lipid membranes. During degranulation, lytic granule–cell membrane fusion thereby further augments presynaptic membrane packing, enhancing membrane protection at the specific sites where NK cells would face maximum concentrations of secreted perforin. Additionally, we found that an aggressive breast cancer cell line is perforin resistant and evades NK cell–mediated killing owing to a densely packed postsynaptic membrane. By disrupting membrane packing, these cells were switched to an NK-susceptible state, which could suggest strategies for improving cytotoxic cell-based cancer therapies. Thus, lipid membranes serve an unexpected role in NK cell functionality protecting them from autolysis, while degranulation allows for the inherent lytic granule membrane properties to create local ordered lipid “shields” against self-destruction.
Collapse
|
46
|
Li Y, Orange JS. Degranulation enhances presynaptic membrane packing, which protects NK cells from perforin-mediated autolysis. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001328. [PMID: 34343168 PMCID: PMC8330931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001328&set/a 870330320+893642561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells kill a target cell by secreting perforin into the lytic immunological synapse, a specialized interface formed between the NK cell and its target. Perforin creates pores in target cell membranes allowing delivery of proapoptotic enzymes. Despite the fact that secreted perforin is in close range to both the NK and target cell membranes, the NK cell typically survives while the target cell does not. How NK cells preferentially avoid death during the secretion of perforin via the degranulation of their perforin-containing organelles (lytic granules) is perplexing. Here, we demonstrate that NK cells are protected from perforin-mediated autolysis by densely packed and highly ordered presynaptic lipid membranes, which increase packing upon synapse formation. When treated with 7-ketocholesterol, lipid packing is reduced in NK cells making them susceptible to perforin-mediated lysis after degranulation. Using high-resolution imaging and lipidomics, we identified lytic granules themselves as having endogenously densely packed lipid membranes. During degranulation, lytic granule-cell membrane fusion thereby further augments presynaptic membrane packing, enhancing membrane protection at the specific sites where NK cells would face maximum concentrations of secreted perforin. Additionally, we found that an aggressive breast cancer cell line is perforin resistant and evades NK cell-mediated killing owing to a densely packed postsynaptic membrane. By disrupting membrane packing, these cells were switched to an NK-susceptible state, which could suggest strategies for improving cytotoxic cell-based cancer therapies. Thus, lipid membranes serve an unexpected role in NK cell functionality protecting them from autolysis, while degranulation allows for the inherent lytic granule membrane properties to create local ordered lipid "shields" against self-destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jordan S Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li Y, Orange JS. Degranulation enhances presynaptic membrane packing, which protects NK cells from perforin-mediated autolysis. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001328. [PMID: 34343168 PMCID: PMC8330931 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells kill a target cell by secreting perforin into the lytic immunological synapse, a specialized interface formed between the NK cell and its target. Perforin creates pores in target cell membranes allowing delivery of proapoptotic enzymes. Despite the fact that secreted perforin is in close range to both the NK and target cell membranes, the NK cell typically survives while the target cell does not. How NK cells preferentially avoid death during the secretion of perforin via the degranulation of their perforin-containing organelles (lytic granules) is perplexing. Here, we demonstrate that NK cells are protected from perforin-mediated autolysis by densely packed and highly ordered presynaptic lipid membranes, which increase packing upon synapse formation. When treated with 7-ketocholesterol, lipid packing is reduced in NK cells making them susceptible to perforin-mediated lysis after degranulation. Using high-resolution imaging and lipidomics, we identified lytic granules themselves as having endogenously densely packed lipid membranes. During degranulation, lytic granule-cell membrane fusion thereby further augments presynaptic membrane packing, enhancing membrane protection at the specific sites where NK cells would face maximum concentrations of secreted perforin. Additionally, we found that an aggressive breast cancer cell line is perforin resistant and evades NK cell-mediated killing owing to a densely packed postsynaptic membrane. By disrupting membrane packing, these cells were switched to an NK-susceptible state, which could suggest strategies for improving cytotoxic cell-based cancer therapies. Thus, lipid membranes serve an unexpected role in NK cell functionality protecting them from autolysis, while degranulation allows for the inherent lytic granule membrane properties to create local ordered lipid "shields" against self-destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Perera Molligoda Arachchige AS. Human NK cells: From development to effector functions. Innate Immun 2021; 27:212-229. [PMID: 33761782 PMCID: PMC8054151 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211001512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NK cells are the major lymphocyte subset of the innate immune system that mediates antiviral and anti-tumor responses. It is well established that they develop mechanisms to distinguish self from non-self during the process of NK cell education. Unlike T and B cells, natural killer cells lack clonotypic receptors and are activated after recognizing their target via germline-encoded receptors through natural cytotoxicity, cytokine stimulation, and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Subsequently, they utilize cytotoxic granules, death receptor ligands, and cytokines to perform their effector functions. In this review, we provide a general overview of human NK cells, as opposed to murine NK cells, discussing their ontogeny, maturation, receptor diversity, types of responses, and effector functions. Furthermore, we also describe recent advances in human NK cell biology, including tissue-resident NK cell populations, NK cell memory, and novel approaches used to target NK cells in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
49
|
Kritikou JS, Oliveira MM, Record J, Saeed MB, Nigam SM, He M, Keszei M, Wagner AK, Brauner H, Sendel A, Sedimbi SK, Rentouli S, Lane DP, Snapper SB, Kärre K, Vandenberghe P, Orange JS, Westerberg LS. Constitutive activation of WASp leads to abnormal cytotoxic cells with increased granzyme B and degranulation response to target cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140273. [PMID: 33621210 PMCID: PMC8026198 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked neutropenia (XLN) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the actin regulator Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp). XLN patients have reduced numbers of cytotoxic cells in peripheral blood; however, their capacity to kill tumor cells remains to be determined. Here, we examined NK and T cells from 2 patients with XLN harboring the activating WASpL270P mutation. XLN patient NK and T cells had increased granzyme B content and elevated degranulation and IFN-γ production when compared with healthy control cells. Murine WASpL272P NK and T cells formed stable synapses with YAC-1 tumor cells and anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads, respectively. WASpL272P mouse T cells had normal degranulation and cytokine response whereas WASpL272P NK cells showed an enhanced response. Imaging experiments revealed that while WASpL272P CD8+ T cells had increased accumulation of actin upon TCR activation, WASpL272P NK cells had normal actin accumulation at lytic synapses triggered through NKp46 signaling but had impaired response to lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 engagement. When compared with WT mice, WASpL272P mice showed reduced growth of B16 melanoma and increased capacity to reject MHC class I-deficient cells. Together, our data suggest that cytotoxic cells with constitutively active WASp have an increased capacity to respond to and kill tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Mezida B. Saeed
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Saket M. Nigam
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Minghui He
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Marton Keszei
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Arnika K. Wagner
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Division of Rheumatology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Sendel
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | | | | | - David P. Lane
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | - Scott B. Snapper
- Gastroenterology Division, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Klas Kärre
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum C7, and
| | | | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kuldanek S, Pasko B, DomBourian M, Annen K. Cellular Therapy in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies. Clin Lab Med 2021; 41:121-132. [PMID: 33494880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2020.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in cellular therapies for pediatric patients have created many opportunities for improved survival with reduced morbidity. This article reviews current cellular therapies in pediatric hematological malignancy, including the most updated practices in hematopoietic stem cell transplant and the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in T cells. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant has evolved with improvements in chemotherapy regimens, immunosuppression, and donor-matching options. Novel therapies in development which will likely further improve the options for patients are reviewed including Natural Killer, Regulatory T-cells and αβ depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kuldanek
- Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, 13123 East 16th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bryce Pasko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melkon DomBourian
- Main Core Laboratory and Point of Care Testing, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue, B120, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kyle Annen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|