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Wang W, Lopez McDonald MC, Kim C, Ma M, Pan Z(T, Kaufmann C, Frank DA. The complementary roles of STAT3 and STAT1 in cancer biology: insights into tumor pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1265818. [PMID: 38022653 PMCID: PMC10663227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1265818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STATs are a family of transcription factors that regulate many critical cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Dysregulation of STATs is frequently observed in tumors and can directly drive cancer pathogenesis. STAT1 and STAT3 are generally viewed as mediating opposite roles in cancer development, with STAT1 suppressing tumorigenesis and STAT3 promoting oncogenesis. In this review, we investigate the specific roles of STAT1 and STAT3 in normal physiology and cancer biology, explore their interactions with each other, and offer insights into therapeutic strategies through modulating their transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David A. Frank
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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2
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Xue W, Yuan X, Ji Z, Li H, Yao Y. Nutritional ingredients and prevention of chronic diseases by fermented koumiss: a comprehensive review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1270920. [PMID: 37927510 PMCID: PMC10620529 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1270920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Koumiss, a traditional fermented dairy product made from fresh mare milk, is a sour beverage that contains an abundance of microbial communities, including lactic acid bacteria, yeast and others. Firstly, probiotics such as Lacticaseibacillus in koumiss can induce the secretion of immunoglobulin G in serum and interleukin-2 in the spleen while beneficial Saccharomyces can secrete antibacterial compounds such as citric acid and ascorbic acid for specific immunopotentiation. Additionally, more isoflavone in koumiss can regulate estrogen levels by binding to its receptors to prevent breast cancer directly. Bile salts can be converted into bile acids such as taurine or glycine by lactic acid bacteria to lower cholesterol levels in vivo. Butyric acid secretion would be increased to improve chronic gastrotis by regulating intestinal flora with lactic acid bacteria. Finally, SCFA and lCFA produced by Lacticaseibacillus inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms for diarrhea prevention. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms underlying multiple physiological functions through utilizing microbial resources in koumiss represents promising avenues for ameliorating chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaojun Ji
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China
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3
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Nowak B, Wądołek A, Mazuryk O, Poznańska A, Majzner K, Majka G, Oszajca M, Barańska M, Stochel G, Marcinkiewicz J. Investigation of the Immunogenic Properties of Ovalbumin Modified by Urban Airborne Particulate Matter. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:13. [PMID: 37245200 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air particulate matter (PM) is linked to the blood oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether oxidative PM modification of ovalbumin (OVA), the major antioxidant serum protein, may alter its antigenicity and/or immunogenicity. Ovalbumin was exposed via dialysis to the standard urban PM (SRM 1648a) or to PM with removed organic content (encoded as LAP). Both structural changes and biological properties of PM-modified OVA were measured. T lymphocytes and dendritic cells (the major antigen-presenting cells) isolated from C57BL/6 and OT-II (323-339 epitope) OVA-specific T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mice were used to test the effect of PM on OVA immunogenicity. The immunogenicity of both SRM 1648a and LAP-modified OVA was significantly higher than that of control OVA, as measured by the epitope-specific T cell proliferation and interferon γ production by the stimulated cells. This effect was associated with mild oxidative changes in the carrier molecule outside the structure of the OVA epitope and with increased resistance to proteolysis of PM-modified OVA. Interestingly, dendritic cells showed enhanced capacity for the uptake of proteins when the cells were cultured with PM-modified OVA. Our results suggest that the enhanced immunogenicity of PM-modified OVA is not associated with altered antigenicity or antigen presentation. However, it may result from slower degradation and longer persistence of modified antigens in dendritic cells. Whether this phenomenon is associated with enhanced risk prevalence of autoimmune diseases observed in the areas with high urban PM pollution needs to be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Wądołek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Mazuryk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Poznańska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Majka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Oszajca
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Barańska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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4
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Diupotex M, Zamora-Chimal J, Cervantes-Sarabia RB, Salaiza-Suazo N, Becker I. Alpha-galactosylceramide as adjuvant induces protective cell-mediated immunity against Leishmania mexicana infection in vaccinated BALB/c mice. Cell Immunol 2023; 386:104692. [PMID: 36870122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants represent a promising strategy to improve vaccine effectiveness against infectious diseases such as leishmaniasis. Vaccination with the invariant natural killer T cell ligand α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) has been used successfully as adjuvant, generating a Th1-biased immunomodulation. This glycolipid enhances experimental vaccination platforms against intracellular parasites including Plasmodium yoelii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present study, we assessed the protective immunity induced by a single-dose intraperitoneal injection of αGalCer (2 μg) co-administrated with a lysate antigen of amastigotes (100 μg) against Leishmania mexicana infection in BALB/c mice. The prophylactic vaccination led to 5.0-fold reduction of parasite load at the infection site, compared to non-vaccinated mice. A predominant pro-inflammatory response was observed in challenged vaccinated mice, represented by a 1.9 and 2.8-fold-increase of IL-1β and IFN-γ producing cells, respectively, in the lesions, and by 23.7-fold-increase of IFN-γ production in supernatants of restimulated splenocytes, all compared to control groups. The co-administration of αGalCer also stimulated the maturation of splenic dendritic cells and modulated a Th1-skewed immune response, with high amounts of IFN-γ production in serum. Furthermore, peritoneal cells of αGalCer-immunized mice exhibited an elevated expression of Ly6G and MHCII. These findings indicate that αGalCer improves protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis, supporting evidence for its potential use as adjuvant in Leishmania-vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Diupotex
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rocely Buenaventura Cervantes-Sarabia
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Norma Salaiza-Suazo
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México.
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5
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Addison MM, Ellis GI, Leslie GJ, Zawadzky NB, Riley JL, Hoxie JA, Eisenlohr LC. HIV-1-Infected CD4 + T Cells Present MHC Class II-Restricted Epitope via Endogenous Processing. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:864-873. [PMID: 36130133 PMCID: PMC9512365 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cells (TCD4+s) play a critical role in controlling HIV-1 infection. Canonically, TCD4+s are activated by peptides derived from extracellular ("exogenous") Ags displayed in complex with MHC class II (MHC II) molecules on the surfaces of "professional" APCs such as dendritic cells (DCs). In contrast, activated human TCD4+s, which express MHC II, are not typically considered for their APC potential because of their low endocytic capacity and the exogenous Ag systems historically used for assessment. Using primary TCD4+s and monocyte-derived DCs from healthy donors, we show that activated human TCD4+s are highly effective at MHC II-restricted presentation of an immunodominant HIV-1-derived epitope postinfection and subsequent noncanonical processing and presentation of endogenously produced Ag. Our results indicate that, in addition to marshalling HIV-1-specific immune responses during infection, TCD4+s also act as APCs, leading to the activation of HIV-1-specific TCD4+s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Addison
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Gavin I. Ellis
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - George J. Leslie
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Noah B. Zawadzky
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - James L. Riley
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - James A. Hoxie
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Laurence C. Eisenlohr
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
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6
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Rzepecka A, Jagielski D, Cywińska A, Sapierzyński R, Żmigrodzka M, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Winnicka A. MHCII Expression on Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Canine Lymphoma: An Impact of Glucocorticoids. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162135. [PMID: 36009726 PMCID: PMC9404857 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Loss or decreased expression of human leukocyte antigen—D-related (HLA-DR) on the surface of monocytes is related to the dysfunction of the immune system and was reported in human neoplasia, including lymphoma. Canine lymphoma is frequently presented as a valuable comparative model for studies on human non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. However, there are no studies on the expression of analogue proteins—MHCII antigens—on monocytes in canine lymphoma. In this study, we have evaluated the changes in the expression of MHCII on monocytes in the blood of dogs with lymphoma before any treatment and in dogs that had previously received glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids are often used by clinicians as first drugs after diagnosis for immediate health improvement and are known to impact monocyte number. We have shown an increase in the percentage of MHCII− monocytes, regardless of treatment. However, only in dogs that had received glucocorticoids were changes in the proportion of MHCII+ and MHCII− monocytes reflected also by the changes in the number of MHCII− monocytes in the blood, which was significantly higher. Evaluating the changes in canine monocytes might be helpful in the diagnosis of various tumor types, monitoring of the treatment or assessing the immune status of dogs. Abstract An increase in the percentage of monocytes with reduced HLA-DR expression and immunosuppressive properties has been reported in numerous human neoplastic diseases, including lymphoma. However, there are no analogous studies on phenotypical variations in the peripheral blood monocytes in dogs with lymphoma. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the expression of the MHCII molecule on peripheral blood monocytes in dogs with lymphoma before any treatment (NRG) and in dogs that had previously received glucocorticoids (RG) in comparison to healthy dogs. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping of peripheral blood leukocytes was performed using canine-specific or cross-reactive antibodies against CD11b, CD14 and MHCII. In the blood of dogs with lymphoma (NRG and RG), compared to that of healthy ones, the MHCII+ and MHCII− monocytes ratio was changed due to an increase in the percentage of MHCII− monocytes. The number of MHCII− monocytes was significantly higher only in RG dogs compared to healthy ones, which might result from the release of these cells from the blood marginal pool due to the action of glucocorticoids. Our results encourage further studies to assess if changes in MHCII expression affect immune status in dogs with lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Rzepecka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Anna Cywińska
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żmigrodzka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Winnicka
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Nieuwenhuis S, Widomska J, Blom P, ‘t Hoen PBAC, van Engelen BGM, Glennon JC. Blood Transcriptome Profiling Links Immunity to Disease Severity in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3081. [PMID: 35328504 PMCID: PMC8954763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood transcriptome was examined in relation to disease severity in type I myotonic dystrophy (DM1) patients who participated in the Observational Prolonged Trial In DM1 to Improve QoL- Standards (OPTIMISTIC) study. This sought to (a) ascertain if transcriptome changes were associated with increasing disease severity, as measured by the muscle impairment rating scale (MIRS), and (b) establish if these changes in mRNA expression and associated biological pathways were also observed in the Dystrophia Myotonica Biomarker Discovery Initiative (DMBDI) microarray dataset in blood (with equivalent MIRS/DMPK repeat length). The changes in gene expression were compared using a number of complementary pathways, gene ontology and upstream regulator analyses, which suggested that symptom severity in DM1 was linked to transcriptomic alterations in innate and adaptive immunity associated with muscle-wasting. Future studies should explore the role of immunity in DM1 in more detail to assess its relevance to DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Nieuwenhuis
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.N.); (P.-B.A.C.‘t.H.)
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Joanna Widomska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Paul Blom
- VDL Enabling Technologies Group B.V., 5651 GH Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Peter-Bram A. C. ‘t Hoen
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.N.); (P.-B.A.C.‘t.H.)
| | - Baziel G. M. van Engelen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jeffrey C. Glennon
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Chauhan P, Sheng WS, Hu S, Prasad S, Lokensgard JR. Differential Cytokine-Induced Responses of Polarized Microglia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111482. [PMID: 34827481 PMCID: PMC8615503 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of select pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in driving microglial cell polarization into classically (M1), or alternatively, (M2) activated states, as well as the subsequent differential responses of these induced phenotypes, was examined. Expression of PD-L1, MHC-II, MHC-I, arginase 1 (Arg-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was assessed using multi-color flow cytometry. We observed that both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators induced PD-L1 expression on non-polarized microglia. Moreover, IFN-γ stimulated significant MHC class I and II expression on these cells. Interestingly, we observed that only IL-4 treatment induced Arg-1 expression, indicating M2 polarization. These M2 cells were refractory to subsequent depolarization and maintained their alternatively activated state. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression was significantly induced on these M2-polarized microglia after treatment with pro-inflammatory mediators, but not anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, we observed that only LPS induced iNOS expression in microglial cells, indicating M1 polarization. Furthermore, IFN-γ significantly increased the percentage of M1-polarized microglia expressing iNOS. Surprisingly, when these M1-polarized microglia were treated with either IL-6 or other anti-inflammatory cytokines, they returned to their non-polarized state, as demonstrated by significantly reduced expression of iNOS. Taken together, these results demonstrate differential responses of microglial cells to mediators present in dissimilar microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Chauhan
- Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.C.); (W.S.S.); (S.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Wen S. Sheng
- Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.C.); (W.S.S.); (S.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuxian Hu
- Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.C.); (W.S.S.); (S.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Sujata Prasad
- Neurovirology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (P.C.); (W.S.S.); (S.H.); (S.P.)
| | - James R. Lokensgard
- 3-107 Microbiology Research Facility, University of Minnesota, 689 23rd Avenue S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(612)-626-9914
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9
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Meziani L, Gerbé de Thoré M, Hamon P, Bockel S, Louzada RA, Clemenson C, Corre R, Liu W, Dupuy C, Mondini M, Deutsch E. Dual oxidase 1 limits the IFNγ-associated antitumor effect of macrophages. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000622. [PMID: 32571996 PMCID: PMC7307581 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages play pivotal roles in tumor progression and the response to anticancer therapies, including radiotherapy (RT). Dual oxidase (DUOX) 1 is a transmembrane enzyme that plays a critical role in oxidant generation. Methods Since we found DUOX1 expression in macrophages from human lung samples exposed to ionizing radiation, we aimed to assess the involvement of DUOX1 in macrophage activation and the role of these macrophages in tumor development. Results Using Duox1−/− mice, we demonstrated that the lack of DUOX1 in proinflammatory macrophages improved the antitumor effect of these cells. Furthermore, intratumoral injection of Duox1−/− proinflammatory macrophages significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of RT. Mechanistically, DUOX1 deficiency increased the production of proinflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, CXCL9, CCL3 and TNFα) by activated macrophages in vitro and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II in the membranes of macrophages. We also demonstrated that DUOX1 was involved in the phagocytotic function of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. The antitumor effect of Duox1−/− macrophages was associated with a significant increase in IFNγ production by both lymphoid and myeloid immune cells. Conclusions Our data indicate that DUOX1 is a new target for macrophage reprogramming and suggest that DUOX1 inhibition in macrophages combined with RT is a new therapeutic strategy for the management of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Meziani
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France .,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Marine Gerbé de Thoré
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Pauline Hamon
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Bockel
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Ruy A Louzada
- CNRS UMR 8200, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Céline Clemenson
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Raphaël Corre
- CNRS UMR 8200, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Winchygn Liu
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- CNRS UMR 8200, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Michele Mondini
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Deutsch
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Labex LERMIT, DHU TORINO, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
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10
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Chen P, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhu J, Yu J, Zhao S, Li W, Sun C, Wu C, He Y, Zhou C. Human leukocyte antigen class II-based immune risk model for recurrence evaluation in stage I-III small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002554. [PMID: 34362829 PMCID: PMC8351500 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has revolutionized therapeutic patterns of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA class II) is related to antitumor immunity. However, the implications of HLA class II in SCLC remain incompletely understood. Materials and methods We investigated the expression patterns of HLA class II on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by immunohistochemistry staining and its association with clinical parameters, immune markers, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in 102 patients with stage I–III SCLC with radical surgery. Additionally, an HLA class II-based immune risk model was established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. With bioinformatics methods, we investigated HLA class II-related enrichment pathways and immune infiltration landscape in SCLC. Results HLA class II on tumor cells and TILs was positively expressed in 9 (8.8%) and 45 (44.1%) patients with SCLC, respectively. HLA class II on TILs was negatively associated with lymph node metastasis and positively correlated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on TILs (p<0.001) and multiple immune markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3; p<0.001). Lymph node metastasis (OR 0.314, 95% CI 0.118 to 0.838, p=0.021) and PD-L1 on TILs (OR 3.233, 95% CI 1.051 to 9.95, p=0.041) were independent predictive factors of HLA class II on TILs. HLA class II positivity on TILs prompted a longer RFS (40.2 months, 95% CI 31.7 to 48.7 vs 28.8 months, 95% CI 21.4 to 36.3, p=0.014). HLA class II on TILs, PD-L1 on TILs, CD4, and FOXP3 were enrolled in the immune risk model, which categorized patients into high-risk and low-risk groups and had better power for predicting the recurrence than tumor stage. Pathway enrichment analyses showed that patients with high HLA class II expression demonstrated signatures of transmembrane transportation, channel activity, and neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction. High-risk SCLC patients had a higher proportion of T follicular helper cells (p=0.034) and a lower proportion of activated memory CD4-positive T cells (p=0.040) and resting dendritic cells (p=0.045) versus low-risk patients. Conclusions HLA class II plays a crucial role in tumor immune microenvironment and recurrence prediction. This work demonstrates the prognostic and clinical values of HLA class II in patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lishu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Oncology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China .,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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11
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Christensson E, Mkrtchian S, Ebberyd A, Österlund Modalen Å, Franklin KA, Eriksson LI, Jonsson Fagerlund M. Whole blood gene expression signature in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 294:103746. [PMID: 34302993 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in particular the gene expression patterns in whole blood of patients with OSA, can shed more light on the underlying pathophysiology of OSA and suggest potential biomarkers. In the current study, we have enrolled thirty patients with untreated moderate-severe OSA together with 20 BMI, age, and sex-matched controls and 15 normal-weight controls. RNA-sequencing of whole blood and home sleep apnea testing were performed in the untreated state and after three and twelve months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Analysis of the whole blood transcriptome of the patients with OSA revealed a unique pattern of differential expression with a significant number of downregulated immune-related genes including many heavy and light chain immunoglobulins and interferon-inducible genes. This was confirmed by the gene ontology analysis demonstrating enrichment with the biological processes associated with various immune functions. Expression of these genes was recovered after three months of CPAP treatment. After 12 months of CPAP treatment, the overall gene expression profile returns to the initial, untreated level. In addition, we have confirmed the importance of choosing BMI-matched controls as a reference group as opposed to normal-weight healthy individuals based on the significantly different gene expression signatures between these two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Christensson
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Souren Mkrtchian
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anette Ebberyd
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karl A Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars I Eriksson
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Jonsson Fagerlund
- Function Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Lv L, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Wei Q, Zhao Y, Yi Q. Effects of 1p/19q Codeletion on Immune Phenotype in Low Grade Glioma. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:704344. [PMID: 34335194 PMCID: PMC8322528 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.704344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chromosome 1p/19q codeletion is one of the most important genetic alterations for low grade gliomas (LGGs), and patients with 1p/19q codeletion have significantly prolonged survival compared to those without the codeletion. And the tumor immune microenvironment also plays a vital role in the tumor progression and prognosis. However, the effect of 1p/19q codeletion on the tumor immune microenvironment in LGGs is unclear. Methods: Immune cell infiltration of 281 LGGs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 543 LGGs from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were analyzed for immune cell infiltration through three bioinformatics tools: ESTIMATE algorithm, TIMER, and xCell. The infiltrating level of immune cells and expression of immune checkpoint genes were compared between different groups classified by 1p/19q codeletion and IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutation status. The differential biological processes and signaling pathways were evaluated through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Correlations were analyzed using Spearman correlation. Results: 1p/19q codeletion was associated with immune-related biological processes in LGGs. The infiltrating level of multiple kinds of immune cells and expression of immune checkpoint genes were significantly lower in 1p/19q codeletion LGGs compared to 1p/19q non-codeletion cohorts. There are 127 immune-related genes on chromosome 1p or 19q, such as TGFB1, JAK1, and CSF1. The mRNA expression of these genes was positively correlated with their DNA copy number. These genes are distributed in multiple immune categories, such as chemokines/cytokines, TGF-β family members, and TNF family members, regulating immune cell infiltration and expression of the immune checkpoint genes in tumors. Conclusion: Our results indicated that 1p/19q codeletion status is closely associated with the immunosuppressive microenvironment in LGGs. LGGs with 1p/19q codeletion display less immune cell infiltration and lower expression of immune checkpoint genes than 1p/19q non-codeletion cases. Mechanistically, this may be, at least in part, due to the deletion of copy number of immune-related genes in LGGs with 1p/19q codeletion. Our findings may be relevant to investigate immune evasion in LGGs and contribute to the design of immunotherapeutic strategies for patients with LGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lv
- Anhui Cancer Hospital, West Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuliu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Dingyuan County General Hospital of Chuzhou City in Anhui, Anhui, China
| | - Yujia Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qinqin Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiyi Yi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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13
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Zhao Y, Cao Y, Chen Y, Wu L, Hang H, Jiang C, Zhou X. B2M gene expression shapes the immune landscape of lung adenocarcinoma and determines the response to immunotherapy. Immunology 2021; 164:507-523. [PMID: 34115389 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of the B2M gene is associated with tumour immune escape and resistance to immunotherapy. However, genetic alterations of the B2M gene are rare. We performed an integrative analysis of the mutational and transcriptional profiles of large cohorts of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and found that epigenetic downregulation of B2M is common. B2M-low tumours exhibit a suppressive immune microenvironment characterized by reduced infiltration of immune cells of various lineages; in B2M-high tumours, more T and natural killer cells are present, but their activities are constrained by immune checkpoint molecules, indicating the diverse mechanisms of immune evasion. High levels of B2M mRNA, but not PD-L1, are correlated with an enhanced response to PD-1-based immunotherapy, suggesting its value for immunotherapy response prediction in solid tumours. Notably, a high tumour mutation burden (TMB) is associated with low B2M expression, which may explain the poor predictive value of the TMB in some situations. In syngeneic mouse models, genetic ablation of B2M in tumour cells causes resistance to PD-1-based immunotherapy, and B2M knockdown also diminishes the therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, forced expression of B2M in tumour models improves the response to immunotherapy, suggesting that B2M levels have significant impacts on treatment outcomes. Finally, we provide insight into the roles of transcription factors and KRAS mutations in B2M expression and the anticancer immune response. In conclusion, genetic and epigenetic regulation of B2M fundamentally shapes the NSCLC immune microenvironment and may determine the response to checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuejiao Cao
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yiqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hua Hang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chenxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Nantong Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases, and Research Institution of Translational Medicine in Cardiothoracic Diseases in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Bacillus Toyonensis BCT-7112 T Spores as Parenteral Adjuvant of BoHV-5 Vaccine in a Murine Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:655-663. [PMID: 33608827 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial spores of the genus Bacillus are being evaluated as adjuvant molecules capable of improving the immune response to vaccines. In this study, we investigate whether subcutaneously administered spores of B. toyonensis BCT-7112T could enhance a vaccine immune response in mice. Three groups of mice were subcutaneously vaccinated on day 0 and received a booster on day 21 of the experiment, with the following vaccine formulations: 40 µg of recombinant glycoprotein D (rgD) from bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) adsorbed in 10% aluminum hydroxide (alum) without B. toyonensis spores (group 1) and B. toyonensis (1 × 106 viable spores) + 40 µg of rgD adsorbed in 10% alum (group 2); and B. toyonensis (1 × 106 viable spores) without rgD (group 3). Group 2 showed significantly higher titers (P < 0.05) of total specific serum IgG, IgG2a, and neutralizing antibodies, when compared with the groups 1 and 3. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) transcription level of cytokines IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-γ was observed in splenocytes from mice that received the B. toyonensis spores in the vaccine formulation. In addition, stimulation of the macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 with spores of B. toyonensis markedly enhanced the cell proliferation and mRNA transcription levels of IL-4, and IL-12 cytokines in these cells. Our findings indicated that the subcutaneous administration of B. toyonensis BCT-7112T spores enhanced the humoral and cellular immune response against BoHV-5 in mice.
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15
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Luo Q, Lei X, Xu J, Jahangir A, He J, Huang C, Liu W, Cheng A, Tang L, Geng Y, Chen Z. An altered gut microbiota in duck-origin parvovirus infection on cherry valley ducklings is associated with mucosal barrier dysfunction. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101021. [PMID: 33677399 PMCID: PMC7940990 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck-origin parvovirus disease is an epidemic disease mainly caused by duck-origin goose parvovirus (D-GPV), which is characterized by beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome. Its main symptoms are persistent diarrhea, skeletal dysplasia, and growth retardation. However, the pathogenesis of Cherry Valley ducks infected by D-GPV has not been studied thoroughly. To perceive the distribution of D-GPV in the intestinal tract, intestinal morphological development, intestinal permeability, inflammatory cytokines in Cherry Valley ducks, and expression of tight junction protein, the D-GPV infection was given intramuscularly. Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology was used to analyze the diversity and structure of ileum flora and content of short-chain fatty acids of its metabolites. To investigate the relationship between intestinal flora changes and intestinal barrier function after D-GPV infection on Cherry Valley ducks is of great theoretical and practical significance for further understanding the pathogenesis of D-GPV and the structure of intestinal flora in ducks. The results showed that D-GPV infection was accompanied by intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction. At this time, the decrease of a large number of beneficial bacteria and the content of short-chain fatty acids in intestinal flora led to the weakening of colonization resistance of the intestinal flora and the accumulation of potentially pathogenic bacteria, which would aggravate the negative effect of D-GPV damage to the intestinal tract. Furthermore, a significant increase in Unclassified_S24-7 and decrease in Streptococcus was observed in D-GPV persistent, indicating the disruption in the structure of gut microbiota. Notably, the shift of microbiota was associated with the transcription of tight-junction protein and immune-associated cytokines. These results indicate that altered ileum microbiota, intestinal barrier, and immune dysfunction are associated with D-GPV infection. Therefore, there is a relationship between the intestinal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis caused by D-GPV, but the specific mechanism needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Lei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Asad Jahangir
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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16
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Dylewski JF, Tonsawan P, Garcia G, Lewis L, Blaine J. Podocyte-specific knockout of the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) results in differential protection depending on the model of glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230401. [PMID: 33370294 PMCID: PMC7769425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes have been proposed to be antigen presenting cells (APCs). In traditional APCs, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is required for antigen presentation and global knockout of FcRn protects against glomerulonephritis. Since podocytes express FcRn, we sought to determine whether the absence of podocyte FcRn ameliorates immune-mediated disease. We examined MHCII and costimulatory markers expression in cultured wild type (WT) and FcRn knockout (KO) podocytes. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) induced MHCII expression in both WT and KO podocytes but did not change CD80 expression. Neither WT nor KO expressed CD86 or inducible costimulatory ligand (ICOSL) at baseline or with IFNγ. Using an antigen presentation assay, WT podocytes but not KO treated with immune complexes induced a modest increase in IL-2. Induction of the anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) model resulted in a significant decrease in glomerular crescents in podocyte-specific FcRn knockout mouse (podFcRn KO) versus controls but the overall percentage of crescents was low. To examine the effects of the podocyte-specific FcRn knockout in a model with a longer autologous phase, we used the nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTS) model. We found that the podFcRn KO mice had significantly reduced crescent formation and glomerulosclerosis compared to control mice. This study demonstrates that lack of podocyte FcRn is protective in immune mediated kidney disease that is dependent on an autologous phase. This study also highlights the difference between the anti-GBM model and NTS model of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F. Dylewski
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Pantipa Tonsawan
- Division of Nephrology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Gabriela Garcia
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Linda Lewis
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
| | - Judith Blaine
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States of America
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McCaw TR, Goel N, Brooke DJ, Katre AA, Londoño AI, Smith HJ, Randall TD, Arend RC. Class I histone deacetylase inhibition promotes CD8 T cell activation in ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2020; 10:709-717. [PMID: 33369199 PMCID: PMC7877343 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) typically present with late‐stage disease, posing a significant challenge to treatment. Although taxane and platinum‐based chemotherapy plus surgical debulking are initially effective, EOC is marked by frequent recurrence with resistant disease. Immunotherapy represents an appealing treatment paradigm given the ability of immune cells to engage metastatic sites and impede recurrence; however, response rates to checkpoint blockade in ovarian cancer have been disappointing. Here, we tested whether class I HDAC inhibition can promote anti‐tumor T cell responses in a spontaneous and nonspontaneous murine model of EOC. Methods We used the spontaneous Tg‐MISIIR‐Tag and nonspontaneous ID8 models of murine ovarian cancer to test this hypothesis. Whole tumor transcriptional changes were assessed using the nCounter PanCancer Mouse Immune Profiling Panel. Changes in select protein expression of regulatory and effector T cells were measured by flow cytometry. Results We found that treatment with the class I HDAC inhibitor entinostat upregulated pathways and genes associated with CD8 T cell cytotoxic function, while downregulating myeloid derived suppressor cell chemoattractants. Suppressive capacity of regulatory T cells within tumors and associated ascites was significantly reduced, reversing the CD8‐Treg ratio. Conclusions Our findings suggest class I HDAC inhibition can promote activation of intratumoral CD8 T cells, potentially by compromising suppressive networks within the EOC tumor microenvironment. In this manner, class I HDAC inhibition might render advanced‐stage EOC susceptible to immunotherapeutic treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R McCaw
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nidhi Goel
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dewey J Brooke
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ashwini A Katre
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Angelina I Londoño
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Haller J Smith
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rebecca C Arend
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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18
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Ueta H, Xu XD, Yu B, Kitazawa Y, Yu E, Hara Y, Morita-Nakagawa M, Zhou S, Sawanobori Y, Ueha S, Rokutan K, Tanaka T, Tokuda N, Matsushima K, Matsuno K. Suppression of liver transplant rejection by anti-donor MHC antibodies via depletion of donor immunogenic dendritic cells. Int Immunol 2020; 33:261-272. [PMID: 33258927 PMCID: PMC8060989 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found two distinct passenger dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the rat liver that played a central role in the liver transplant rejection. In addition, a tolerance-inducing protocol, donor-specific transfusion (DST), triggered systemic polytopical production of depleting alloantibodies to donor class I MHC (MHCI) antigen (DST-antibodies). METHODS We examined the role of DST-antibodies in the trafficking of graft DC subsets and the alloresponses in a rat model. We also examined an anti-donor class II MHC (MHCII) antibody that recognizes donor DCs more selectively. RESULTS Preoperative transfer of DST-antibodies or DST pretreatment eliminated all passenger leukocytes, including both DC subsets and depleted the sessile DCs in the graft to ~20% of control. The CD172a+CD11b/c+ immunogenic subset was almost abolished. The intrahost direct or semi-direct allorecognition pathway was successfully blocked, leading to a significant suppression of the CD8+ T-cell response in the recipient lymphoid organs and the graft with delayed graft rejection. Anti-donor MHCII antibody had similar effects without temporary graft damage. Although DST pretreatment had a priming effect on the proliferative response of recipient regulatory T cells, DST-primed sera and the anti-donor MHCII antibody did not. CONCLUSION DST-antibodies and anti-donor MHCII antibodies could suppress the CD8+ T-cell-mediated liver transplant rejection by depleting donor immunogenic DCs, blocking the direct or semi-direct pathways of allorecognition. Donor MHCII-specific antibodies may be applicable as a selective suppressant of anti-donor immunity for clinical liver transplantation without the cellular damage of donor MHCII- graft cells and recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Ueta
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Xue-Dong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Dalian Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yusuke Kitazawa
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Enqiao Yu
- Department General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalian Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Yasushi Sawanobori
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Rokutan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tokuda
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Matsuno
- Department of Anatomy (Macro), Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Jorgovanovic D, Song M, Wang L, Zhang Y. Roles of IFN-γ in tumor progression and regression: a review. Biomark Res 2020; 8:49. [PMID: 33005420 PMCID: PMC7526126 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plays a key role in activation of cellular immunity and subsequently, stimulation of antitumor immune-response. Based on its cytostatic, pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative functions, IFN-γ is considered potentially useful for adjuvant immunotherapy for different types of cancer. Moreover, it IFN-γ may inhibit angiogenesis in tumor tissue, induce regulatory T-cell apoptosis, and/or stimulate the activity of M1 proinflammatory macrophages to overcome tumor progression. However, the current understanding of the roles of IFN-γ in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may be misleading in terms of its clinical application. MAIN BODY Some researchers believe it has anti-tumorigenic properties, while others suggest that it contributes to tumor growth and progression. In our recent work, we have shown that concentration of IFN-γ in the TME determines its function. Further, it was reported that tumors treated with low-dose IFN-γ acquired metastatic properties while those infused with high dose led to tumor regression. Pro-tumorigenic role may be described through IFN-γ signaling insensitivity, downregulation of major histocompatibility complexes, upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed cell death ligand 1. CONCLUSION Significant research efforts are required to decipher IFN-γ-dependent pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. This review discusses the current knowledge concerning the roles of IFN-γ in the TME as a part of the complex immune response to cancer and highlights the importance of identifying IFN-γ responsive patients to improve their sensitivity to immuno-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Jorgovanovic
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Mengjia Song
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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20
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Owen KL, Brockwell NK, Parker BS. JAK-STAT Signaling: A Double-Edged Sword of Immune Regulation and Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E2002. [PMID: 31842362 PMCID: PMC6966445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling mediates almost all immune regulatory processes, including those that are involved in tumor cell recognition and tumor-driven immune escape. Antitumor immune responses are largely driven by STAT1 and STAT2 induction of type I and II interferons (IFNs) and the downstream programs IFNs potentiate. Conversely, STAT3 has been widely linked to cancer cell survival, immunosuppression, and sustained inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. The discovery of JAK-STAT cross-regulatory mechanisms, post-translational control, and non-canonical signal transduction has added a new level of complexity to JAK-STAT governance over tumor initiation and progression. Endeavors to better understand the vast effects of JAK-STAT signaling on antitumor immunity have unearthed a wide range of targets, including oncogenes, miRNAs, and other co-regulatory factors, which direct specific phenotypical outcomes subsequent to JAK-STAT stimulation. Yet, the rapidly expanding field of therapeutic developments aimed to resolve JAK-STAT aberrations commonly reported in a multitude of cancers has been marred by off-target effects. Here, we discuss JAK-STAT biology in the context of immunity and cancer, the consequences of pathway perturbations and current therapeutic interventions, to provide insight and consideration for future targeting innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Owen
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Natasha K. Brockwell
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Belinda S. Parker
- Cancer Immunology and Therapeutics Programs, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Parkville 3052, Australia
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21
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Mesangial Cells Exhibit Features of Antigen-Presenting Cells and Activate CD4+ T Cell Responses. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:2121849. [PMID: 31317046 PMCID: PMC6604415 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesangial cells play a prominent role in the development of inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorders of the kidney. Mesangial cells perform the essential functions of helping to ensure that the glomerular structure is stable and regulating capillary flow, and activated mesangial cells acquire proinflammatory activities. We investigated whether activated mesangial cells display immune properties and control the development of T cell immunity. Methods Flow cytometry analysis was used to study the expression of antigen-presenting cell surface markers and costimulatory molecules in mesangial cells. CD4+ T cell activation induced by mesangial cells was detected in terms of T cell proliferation and cytokine production. Results IFN-γ-treated mesangial cells express membrane proteins involved in antigen presentation and T cell activation, including MHC-II, ICAM-1, CD40, and CD80. This finding suggests that activated mesangial cells can take up and present antigenic peptides to initiate CD4+ T cell responses and thus act as nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells. Polarization of naïve CD4+ T cells (Th0 cells) towards the Th1 phenotype was induced by coculture with activated mesangial cells, and the resulting Th1 cells showed increased mRNA and protein expression of inflammation-associated genes. Conclusion Mesangial cells can present antigen and modulate CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Interactions between mesangial cells and T cells are essential for sustaining the inflammatory response in a variety of glomerulonephritides. Therefore, mesangial cells might participate in immune function in the kidney.
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22
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Russell MA, Redick SD, Blodgett DM, Richardson SJ, Leete P, Krogvold L, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Bottino R, Brissova M, Spaeth JM, Babon JAB, Haliyur R, Powers AC, Yang C, Kent SC, Derr AG, Kucukural A, Garber MG, Morgan NG, Harlan DM. HLA Class II Antigen Processing and Presentation Pathway Components Demonstrated by Transcriptome and Protein Analyses of Islet β-Cells From Donors With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2019; 68:988-1001. [PMID: 30833470 PMCID: PMC6477908 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes studies consistently generate data showing islet β-cell dysfunction and T cell-mediated anti-β-cell-specific autoimmunity. To explore the pathogenesis, we interrogated the β-cell transcriptomes from donors with and without type 1 diabetes using both bulk-sorted and single β-cells. Consistent with immunohistological studies, β-cells from donors with type 1 diabetes displayed increased Class I transcripts and associated mRNA species. These β-cells also expressed mRNA for Class II and Class II antigen presentation pathway components, but lacked the macrophage marker CD68. Immunohistological study of three independent cohorts of donors with recent-onset type 1 diabetes showed Class II protein and its transcriptional regulator Class II MHC trans-activator protein expressed by a subset of insulin+CD68- β-cells, specifically found in islets with lymphocytic infiltrates. β-Cell surface expression of HLA Class II was detected on a portion of CD45-insulin+ β-cells from donors with type 1 diabetes by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Our data demonstrate that pancreatic β-cells from donors with type 1 diabetes express Class II molecules on selected cells with other key genes in those pathways and inflammation-associated genes. β-Cell expression of Class II molecules suggests that β-cells may interact directly with islet-infiltrating CD4+ T cells and may play an immunopathogenic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Russell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K
| | - Sambra D Redick
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - David M Blodgett
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
- Math and Science Division, Babson College, Wellesley, MA
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K
| | - Pia Leete
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K
| | - Lars Krogvold
- Pediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Pediatric Department, Oslo University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny-Singer Research Institute Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jason M Spaeth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jenny Aurielle B Babon
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN
| | - Chaoxing Yang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Sally C Kent
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Alan G Derr
- Program in Bioinformatics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Program in Bioinformatics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Manuel G Garber
- Program in Bioinformatics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, Devon, U.K
| | - David M Harlan
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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23
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Kritikou E, van der Heijden T, Swart M, van Duijn J, Slütter B, Wezel A, Smeets HJ, Maffia P, Kuiper J, Bot I. Hypercholesterolemia Induces a Mast Cell-CD4 + T Cell Interaction in Atherosclerosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1531-1539. [PMID: 30683705 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are potent innate immune cells that aggravate atherosclerosis through the release of proinflammatory mediators inside atherosclerotic plaques. Similarly, CD4+ T cells are constituents of the adaptive immune response and accumulate within the plaques following lipid-specific activation by APCs. Recently it has been proposed that these two cell types can interact in a direct manner. However, no indication of such an interaction has been investigated in the context of atherosclerosis. In our study, we aimed to examine whether MCs can act as APCs in atherosclerosis, thereby modulating CD4+ T cell responses. We observed that MCs increased their MHC class II expression under hyperlipidemic conditions both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we showed that MCs can present Ags in vivo via MHC class II molecules. Serum from high-fat diet-fed mice also enhanced the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 on cultured MCs, whereas OVA peptide-loaded MCs increased OT-II CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro. The aortic CD4+ and TH1 cell content of atherosclerotic mice that lack MCs was reduced as compared with their wild-type counterparts. Importantly, we identified MCs that express HLA-DR in advanced human atheromata, indicating that these cells are capable of Ag presentation within human atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, in this artice, we show that MCs may directly modulate adaptive immunity by acting as APCs in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kritikou
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands;
| | - Thomas van der Heijden
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Swart
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janine van Duijn
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Wezel
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center Westeinde, 2501 CK The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Harm J Smeets
- Department of Surgery, Haaglanden Medical Center Westeinde, 2501 CK The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom.,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom; and.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilze Bot
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
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24
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Storchi L, Remoli AL, Marsili G, Acchioni C, Acchioni M, Battistini A, Sgarbanti M, Marrone A. A model of the three-dimensional structure of human interferon responsive factor 1 and its modifications upon phosphorylation or phosphorylation-mimicking mutations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:4632-4643. [PMID: 30569833 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1557558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Interferon responsive factor 1 (IRF-1) is a pleiotropic transcription factor, possessing non-redundant biological activities that depend on its interaction with different protein partners and multiple post-translational modifications including phosphorylation. In particular, a 5'-SXXXSXS-3' motif of the protein represents the target of the IκB-related kinases, TANK-binding kinase (TBK)-1 and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK)-ε. Here, a 3D model of human IRF-1 was determined by using multi-template comparative modeling and molecular dynamics approaches. Models obtained through either phosphorylation or aspartate mutation of residues 215, 219 and 221 were also calculated and compared to the wild type. Calculations indicated that each of these modifications mainly induces a rigidification of the protein structure and only slightly changes in electrostatics and hydrophobicity of IRF-1 surface, resulting in the impairment of the capacity of IRF-1 containing as partate mutations (S221D and S215D/S219D/S221D) to synergize with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation in inducing interferon (IFN) promoter-mediated reporter gene activation. Therefore, these changes are qualitatively correlated to the amount of negative charge located on the 215-221 segments of IRF-1 by phosphorylation or aspartate mutation. Hypotheses on the structural mechanism that governs the phosphorylation-related damping of IRF-1 activity were also drawn. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loriano Storchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy.,Molecular Discovery Limited , Pinner, Middlesex, London , United Kingdom
| | - Anna Lisa Remoli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Giulia Marsili
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Chiara Acchioni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Marta Acchioni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Angela Battistini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Marco Sgarbanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G d'Annunzio" di Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
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25
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Kessal K, Liang H, Rabut G, Daull P, Garrigue JS, Docquier M, Melik Parsadaniantz S, Baudouin C, Brignole-Baudouin F. Conjunctival Inflammatory Gene Expression Profiling in Dry Eye Disease: Correlations With HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2271. [PMID: 30374345 PMCID: PMC6196257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In several multicenter clinical trials, HLA-DR was found to be a potential biomarker of dry eye disease (DED)'s severity and prognosis. Given the fact that HLA-DR receptor is a heterodimer consisting in an alpha and a beta chain, we intended to investigate the correlation of inflammatory targets with the corresponding transcripts, HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1, to characterize specific targets closely related to HLA-DR expressed in conjunctival cells from patients suffering from DED of various etiologies. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 88 patients with different forms of DED. Ocular symptom scores, ocular-staining grades, tear breakup time (TBUT) and Schirmer test were evaluated. Superficial conjunctival cells were collected by impression cytology and total RNAs were extracted for analyses using the new NanoString® nCounter technology based on an inflammatory human code set containing 249 inflammatory genes. Results: Two hundred transcripts were reliably detected in conjunctival specimens at various levels ranging from 1 to 222,546 RNA copies. Overall, from the 88 samples, 21 target genes showed a highly significant correlation (R > 0.8) with HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRA and B1 presenting the highest correlation (R = 0.9). These selected targets belonged to eight family groups, namely interferon and interferon-stimulated genes, tumor necrosis factor superfamily and related factors, Toll-like receptors and related factors, complement system factors, chemokines/cytokines, the RIPK enzyme family, and transduction signals such as the STAT and MAPK families. Conclusions: We have identified a profile of 21 transcripts correlated with HLA-DR expression, suggesting closely regulated signaling pathways and possible direct or indirect interactions between them. The NanoString® nCounter technology in conjunctival imprints could constitute a reliable tool in the future for wider screening of inflammatory biomarkers in DED, usable in very small samples. Broader combinations of biomarkers associated with HLA-DR could be analyzed to develop new diagnostic approaches, identify tighter pathophysiological gene signatures and personalize DED therapies more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Kessal
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | - Hong Liang
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Rabut
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Mylene Docquier
- iGE3 Genomics Platform University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, APHP, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Françoise Brignole-Baudouin
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France.,Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, DHU Sight Restore, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris, France
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26
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Kak G, Raza M, Tiwari BK. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ): Exploring its implications in infectious diseases. Biomol Concepts 2018; 9:64-79. [PMID: 29856726 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2018-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A key player in driving cellular immunity, IFN-γ is capable of orchestrating numerous protective functions to heighten immune responses in infections and cancers. It can exhibit its immunomodulatory effects by enhancing antigen processing and presentation, increasing leukocyte trafficking, inducing an anti-viral state, boosting the anti-microbial functions and affecting cellular proliferation and apoptosis. A complex interplay between immune cell activity and IFN-γ through coordinated integration of signals from other pathways involving cytokines and Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) such as Interleukin (IL)-4, TNF-α, Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Type-I Interferons (IFNS) etc. leads to initiation of a cascade of pro-inflammatory responses. Microarray data has unraveled numerous genes whose transcriptional regulation is influenced by IFN-γ. Consequently, IFN-γ stimulated cells display altered expression of many such target genes which mediate its downstream effector functions. The importance of IFN-γ is further reinforced by the fact that mice possessing disruptions in the IFN-γ gene or its receptor develop extreme susceptibility to infectious diseases and rapidly succumb to them. In this review, we attempt to elucidate the biological functions and physiological importance of this versatile cytokine. The functional implications of its biological activity in several infectious diseases and autoimmune pathologies are also discussed. As a counter strategy, many virulent pathogenic species have devised ways to thwart IFN-γ endowed immune-protection. Thus, IFN-γ mediated host-pathogen interactions are critical for our understanding of disease mechanisms and these aspects also manifest enormous therapeutic importance for the annulment of various infections and autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Kak
- From the Infectious Disease Immunology Lab, Dr. B R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Mohsin Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Brijendra K Tiwari
- From the Infectious Disease Immunology Lab, Dr. B R Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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27
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DeTemple DE, Oldhafer F, Falk CS, Chen‐Wacker C, Figueiredo C, Kleine M, Ramackers W, Timrott K, Lehner F, Klempnauer J, Bock M, Vondran FWR. Hepatocyte-induced CD4 + T cell alloresponse is associated with major histocompatibility complex class II up-regulation on hepatocytes and suppressible by regulatory T cells. Liver Transpl 2018; 24:407-419. [PMID: 29365365 PMCID: PMC5887891 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for various liver diseases. Despite the liver's tolerogenic potential, early immune-mediated loss of transplanted cells is observed, and longterm acceptance has not been achieved yet. Patients deemed tolerant after liver transplantation presented an increased frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which therefore also might enable reduction of posttransplant cell loss and enhance longterm allograft acceptance. We hence characterized hepatocyte-induced immune reactions and evaluated the immunomodulatory potential of Tregs applying mixed lymphocyte cultures and mixed lymphocyte hepatocyte cultures. These were set up using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and primary human hepatocytes, respectively. Polyclonally expanded CD4+ CD25high CD127low Tregs were added to cocultures in single-/trans-well setups with/without supplementation of anti-interferon γ (IFNγ) antibodies. Hepatocyte-induced alloresponses were then analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry. Measurements indicated that T cell response upon stimulation was associated with IFNγ-induced major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II up-regulation on hepatocytes and mediated by CD4+ T cells. An indirect route of antigen presentation could be ruled out by use of fragmented hepatocytes and culture supernatants of hepatocytes. Allospecific proliferation was accompanied by inflammatory cytokine secretion. CD8+ T cells showed early up-regulation of CD69 despite lack of cell proliferation in the course of coculture. Supplementation of Tregs effectively abrogated hepatocyte-induced alloresponses and was primarily cell contact dependent. In conclusion, human hepatocytes induce a CD4+ T cell alloresponse in vitro, which is associated with MHC class II up-regulation on hepatocytes and is susceptible to suppression by Tregs. Liver Transplantation 24 407-419 2018 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne E. DeTemple
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Felix Oldhafer
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Integrated Research and Treatment Centre TransplantationHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,German Centre for Infection Researchpartner site Hannover‐BraunschweigHannoverGermany
| | - Chen Chen‐Wacker
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | | | - Moritz Kleine
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Wolf Ramackers
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Kai Timrott
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Frank Lehner
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Juergen Klempnauer
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Michael Bock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and EndocrinologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,German Centre for Infection Researchpartner site Hannover‐BraunschweigHannoverGermany
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplant SurgeryHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany,German Centre for Infection Researchpartner site Hannover‐BraunschweigHannoverGermany
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28
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Ye Z, Qian Q, Jin H, Qian Q. Cancer vaccine: learning lessons from immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Cancer 2018; 9:263-268. [PMID: 29344272 PMCID: PMC5771333 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccines have been exclusively studied all through the past decades, and have made exceptional achievements in cancer treatment. Few cancer vaccines have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for instance, Provenge, which was approved for the treatment of prostate carcinoma in 2012. Moreover, more recently, T-VEC got approval for the treatment of melanoma. While, the overall therapeutic effects of cancer vaccines have been taken into consideration as below expectations, low antigenicity of targeting antigen and tumor heterogeneity are the two key limiting barriers encountered by the cancer vaccines. Nonetheless, recent developments in cancer immune-therapies together with associated technologies, for instance the unparalleled achievements bagged by immune checkpoint inhibitor based therapies and neo-antigen identification tools, envisage potential improvements in cancer vaccines in respect to the treatments of malignancies. This review brings forth measures for the purpose of refining therapeutic cancer vaccines by learning lessons from the success of PD-1 inhibitor based immune-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhenLong Ye
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Cell Therapy, 75 Qianyang Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Qiming Qian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Cell Therapy, 75 Qianyang Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - HuaJun Jin
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Cell Therapy, 75 Qianyang Road, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - QiJun Qian
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Cell Therapy, 75 Qianyang Road, Shanghai 201805, China
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29
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Yang SH, Li L, Xie YQ, Yao Y, Gao CY, Liao LH, Ma HD, Gershwin ME, Lian ZX. IFN-γ-STAT1-iNOS Induces Myeloid Progenitors to Acquire Immunosuppressive Activity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1192. [PMID: 29018448 PMCID: PMC5614959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases often induce dysregulated hematopoiesis with altered number and function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, there are limited studies on the direct regulation of HSPCs on T cells, which are often detrimental to autoimmunity. Here, we found that in a murine model of Concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis, LSK (Lineage-Sca-1+c-Kit+)-like cells accumulated in liver, spleen, and bone marrow (BM), which were myeloid progenitors (Lineage-Sca-1-c-Kit+) that upregulated Sca-1 expression upon T cell-derived IFN-γ stimulation. Strikingly, BM LSK-like cells from mice induced by Con A to develop autoimmune hepatitis or alternatively myeloid progenitors from wild-type mice possessed strong in vitro suppressive ability. Their suppressive function depended on T cell-derived IFN-γ in a paracrine fashion, which induced STAT1 phosphorylation, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and nitric oxide production. Blocking IFN-γ/IFN-γ receptor interaction, knockout of STAT1, or iNOS inhibition abrogated their suppressive function. In addition, the suppressive function was independent of differentiation; mitomycin C-treated myeloid progenitors maintained T cell suppressive ability in vitro. Our data demonstrate a mechanism of inflammation induced suppressive function of myeloid progenitors, which may participate directly in suppressing T cell-mediated immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Han Yang
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qing Xie
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Yue Gao
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Huan Liao
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Di Ma
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Chronic Disease Laboratory, School of Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, China
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30
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Meng Z, Klinngam W, Edman MC, Hamm-Alvarez SF. Interferon-γ treatment in vitro elicits some of the changes in cathepsin S and antigen presentation characteristic of lacrimal glands and corneas from the NOD mouse model of Sjögren's Syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184781. [PMID: 28902875 PMCID: PMC5597228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and impaired secretion by lacrimal and salivary glands are hallmarks of the autoimmune disease, Sjögren’s Syndrome. These changes in the lacrimal gland promote dryness and inflammation of the ocular surface, causing pain, irritation and corneal damage. The changes that initiate and sustain autoimmune inflammation in the lacrimal gland are not well-established. Here we demonstrate that interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is significantly elevated in lacrimal gland and tears of the male NOD mouse, a model of autoimmune dacryoadenitis which exhibits many ocular characteristics of Sjögren’s Syndrome, by 12 weeks of age early in lacrimal gland inflammation. Working either with primary cultured lacrimal gland acinar cells from BALB/c mice and/or rabbits, in vitro IFN-γ treatment for 48 hr decreased expression of Rab3D concurrent with increased expression of cathepsin S. Although total cellular cathepsin S activity was not commensurately increased, IFN-γ treated lacrimal gland acinar cells showed a significant increase in carbachol-stimulated secretion of cathepsin S similar to the lacrimal gland in disease. In vitro IFN-γ treatment did not increase the expression of most components of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-mediated antigen presentation although antigen presentation was slightly but significantly stimulated in primary cultured lacrimal gland acinar cells. However, exposure of cultured human corneal epithelial cells to IFN-γ more robustly increased expression and activity of cathepsin S in parallel with increased expression and function of MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation. We propose that early elevations in IFN-γ contribute to specific features of ocular disease pathology in Sjögren’s Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wannita Klinngam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Maria C. Edman
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Brain interference: Revisiting the role of IFNγ in the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:149-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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32
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Sprenkeler EGG, Gresnigt MS, van de Veerdonk FL. LC3-associated phagocytosis: a crucial mechanism for antifungal host defence against Aspergillus fumigatus. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:1208-16. [PMID: 27185357 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a non-canonical autophagy pathway involved in the maturation of single-membrane phagosomes and subsequent killing of ingested pathogens by phagocytes. This pathway is initiated following recognition of pathogens by pattern recognition receptors and leads to the recruitment of LC3 into the phagosomal membrane. This form of phagocytosis is utilized for the antifungal host defence and is required for an efficient fungal killing. Here, we provide an overview of the LAP pathway and review the role of LAP in anti-Aspergillus host defence, as well as mechanisms induced by Aspergillus that modulate LAP to promote its survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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33
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Holla S, Balaji KN. Epigenetics and miRNA during bacteria-induced host immune responses. Epigenomics 2015; 7:1197-212. [PMID: 26585338 DOI: 10.2217/epi.15.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various cellular processes including the pathogen-specific immune responses, host-pathogen interactions and the related evasion mechanisms rely on the ability of the immune cells to be reprogrammed accurately and in many cases instantaneously. In this context, the exact functions of epigenetic and miRNA-mediated regulation of genes, coupled with recent advent in techniques that aid such studies, make it an attractive field for research. Here, we review examples that involve the epigenetic and miRNA control of the host immune system during infection with bacteria. Interestingly, many pathogens utilize the epigenetic and miRNA machinery to modify and evade the host immune responses. Thus, we believe that global epigenetic and miRNA mapping of such host-pathogen interactions would provide key insights into their cellular functions and help to identify various determinants for therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Holla
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
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34
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Vazquez MI, Catalan-Dibene J, Zlotnik A. B cells responses and cytokine production are regulated by their immune microenvironment. Cytokine 2015; 74:318-26. [PMID: 25742773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system consists of two types of lymphocytes: T and B cells. These two lymphocytes originate from a common precursor, yet are fundamentally different with B cells mediating humoral immunity while T cells mediate cell mediated immunity. In cytokine production, naïve T cells produce multiple cytokines upon activation while naïve activated B cells do not. B cells are capable of producing cytokines, but their cytokine production depends on their differentiation state and activation conditions. Hence, unlike T cells that can produce a large amount of cytokines upon activation, B cells require specific differentiation and activation conditions to produce cytokines. Many cytokines act on B cells as well. Here, we discuss several cytokines and their effects on B cells including: Interleukins, IL-7, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and Interferons, IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ. These cytokines play important roles in the development, survival, differentiation and/or proliferation of B cells. Certain chemokines also play important roles in B cell function, namely antibody production. As an example, we discuss CCL28, a chemokine that directs the migration of plasma cells to mucosal sites. We conclude with a brief overview of B cells as cytokine producers and their likely functional consequences on the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica I Vazquez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jovani Catalan-Dibene
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Albert Zlotnik
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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35
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Das S, Bhattacharjee O, Goswami A, Pal NK, Majumdar S. Arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan (Ara-LAM) mediated intracellular mechanisms against tuberculosis infection: Involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) mediated signaling. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 95:208-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Precechtelova J, Borsanyiova M, Sarmirova S, Bopegamage S. Type I diabetes mellitus: genetic factors and presumptive enteroviral etiology or protection. J Pathog 2014; 2014:738512. [PMID: 25574400 PMCID: PMC4276674 DOI: 10.1155/2014/738512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We review type 1 diabetes and host genetic components, as well as epigenetics and viruses associated with type 1 diabetes, with added emphasis on the enteroviruses, which are often associated with triggering the disease. Genus Enterovirus is classified into twelve species of which seven (Enterovirus A, Enterovirus B, Enterovirus C, and Enterovirus D and Rhinovirus A, Rhinovirus B, and Rhinovirus C) are human pathogens. These viruses are transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral route; they may also spread via the nasopharyngeal route. Enterovirus infections are highly prevalent, but these infections are usually subclinical or cause a mild flu-like illness. However, infections caused by enteroviruses can sometimes be serious, with manifestations of meningoencephalitis, paralysis, myocarditis, and in neonates a fulminant sepsis-like syndrome. These viruses are often implicated in chronic (inflammatory) diseases as chronic myocarditis, chronic pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes. In this review we discuss the currently suggested mechanisms involved in the viral induction of type 1 diabetes. We recapitulate current basic knowledge and definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Precechtelova
- Enterovirus Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Borsanyiova
- Enterovirus Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Sarmirova
- Enterovirus Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Shubhada Bopegamage
- Enterovirus Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
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37
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Specific forms of BAFF favor BAFF receptor-mediated epithelial cell survival. J Autoimmun 2014; 51:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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38
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Kitazawa H, Villena J. Modulation of Respiratory TLR3-Anti-Viral Response by Probiotic Microorganisms: Lessons Learned from Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505. Front Immunol 2014; 5:201. [PMID: 24860569 PMCID: PMC4026741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. Host immune response is implicated in both protective and immunopathological mechanisms during RSV infection. Activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 in innate immune cells by RSV can induce airway inflammation, protective immune response, and pulmonary immunopathology. A clear understanding of RSV–host interaction is important for the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies. Several studies have centered on whether probiotic microorganisms with the capacity to stimulate the immune system (immunobiotics) might sufficiently stimulate the common mucosal immune system to improve defenses in the respiratory tract. In this regard, it was demonstrated that some orally administered immunobiotics do have the ability to stimulate respiratory immunity and increase resistance to viral infections. Moreover, during the last decade scientists have significantly advanced in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effect of immunobiotics in the respiratory tract. This review examines the most recent advances dealing with the use of immunobiotic bacteria to improve resistance against viral respiratory infections. More specifically, the article discuss the mechanisms involved in the capacity of the immunobiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 to modulate the TLR3-mediated immune response in the respiratory tract and to increase the resistance to RSV infection. In addition, we review the role of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 in the immunoregulatory effect of the CRL1505 strain that has been successfully used for reducing incidence and morbidity of viral airways infections in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Immunobiotics Research Group , Tucuman , Argentina ; Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET) , Tucuman , Argentina
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39
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Activation of ERα signaling differentially modulates IFN-γ induced HLA-class II expression in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87377. [PMID: 24475282 PMCID: PMC3903652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinate regulation of HLA class II (HLA-II) is controlled by the class II transactivator, CIITA, and is crucial for the development of anti-tumor immunity. HLA-II in breast carcinoma is associated with increased IFN-γ levels, reduced expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and reduced age at diagnosis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that estradiol (E2) and ERα signaling contribute to the regulation of IFN-γ inducible HLA-II in breast cancer cells. Using a panel of established ER− and ER+ breast cancer cell lines, we showed that E2 attenuated HLA-DR in two ER+ lines (MCF-7 and BT-474), but not in T47D, while it augmented expression in ER− lines, SK-BR-3 and MDA-MB-231. To further study the mechanism(s), we used paired transfectants: ERα+ MC2 (MDA-MB-231 c10A transfected with the wild type ERα gene) and ERα− VC5 (MDA-MB-231 c10A transfected with the empty vector), treated or not with E2 and IFN-γ. HLA-II and CIITA were severely reduced in MC2 compared to VC5 and were further exacerbated by E2 treatment. Reduced expression occurred at the level of the IFN-γ inducible CIITA promoter IV. The anti-estrogen ICI 182,780 and gene silencing with ESR1 siRNA reversed the E2 inhibitory effects, signifying an antagonistic role for activated ERα on CIITA pIV activity. Moreover, STAT1 signaling, necessary for CIITA pIV activation, and selected STAT1 regulated genes were variably downregulated by E2 in transfected and endogenous ERα positive breast cancer cells, whereas STAT1 signaling was noticeably augmented in ERα− breast cancer cells. Collectively, these results imply immune escape mechanisms in ERα+ breast cancer may be facilitated through an ERα suppressive mechanism on IFN-γ signaling.
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40
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IκB kinase ε targets interferon regulatory factor 1 in activated T lymphocytes. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:1054-65. [PMID: 24396068 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01161-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IκB kinase ε (IKK-ε) has an essential role as a regulator of innate immunity, functioning downstream of pattern recognition receptors to modulate NF-κB and interferon (IFN) signaling. In the present study, we investigated IKK-ε activation following T cell receptor (TCR)/CD28 stimulation of primary CD4(+) T cells and its role in the stimulation of a type I IFN response. IKK-ε was activated following TCR/CD28 stimulation of primary CD4(+) T cells; however, in T cells treated with poly(I·C), TCR/CD28 costimulation blocked induction of IFN-β transcription. We demonstrated that IKK-ε phosphorylated the transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) at amino acid (aa) 215/219/221 in primary CD4(+) T cells and blocked its transcriptional activity. At the mechanistic level, IRF-1 phosphorylation impaired the physical interaction between IRF-1 and the NF-κB RelA subunit and interfered with PCAF-mediated acetylation of NF-κB RelA. These results demonstrate that TCR/CD28 stimulation of primary T cells stimulates IKK-ε activation, which in turn contributes to suppression of IFN-β production.
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41
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Chiba E, Tomosada Y, Vizoso-Pinto MG, Salva S, Takahashi T, Tsukida K, Kitazawa H, Alvarez S, Villena J. Immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus improves resistance of infant mice against respiratory syncytial virus infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:373-82. [PMID: 23838113 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously we showed that orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 beneficially regulated the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the lungs of poly(I:C)-challenged mice, allowing an effective inflammatory response against the TLR3/RIG-I agonist but at the same time reducing tissue damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral administration of the CRL1505 strain was able to improve resistance against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infant mice and to evaluate the immunological mechanisms involved in the immunobiotic effect. We demonstrated that treatment of 3-week old BALB/c mice with L. rhamnosus CRL1505 significantly reduce lung viral loads and tissue injuries after the challenge with RSV. Moreover, we showed that the protective effect achieved by the CRL1505 strain is related to its capacity to differentially modulate respiratory antiviral immune response. Our results shows that IFN-γ and IL-10 secreted in response to L. rhamnosus CRL1505 oral stimulation would modulate the pulmonary innate immune microenvironment conducting to the activation of CD103(+) and CD11b(high) dendritic cells and the generation of CD3(+)CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) Th1 cells with the consequent attenuation of the strong and damaging Th2 reactions associated with RSV challenge. Our results indicate that modulation of the common mucosal immune system by immunobiotics could favor protective immunity against respiratory viral pathogens with a high attack rate in early infancy, such as RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Chiba
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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42
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Ghorpade DS, Holla S, Sinha AY, Alagesan SK, Balaji KN. Nitric oxide and KLF4 protein epigenetically modify class II transactivator to repress major histocompatibility complex II expression during Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:20592-606. [PMID: 23733190 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.472183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria employ several immune evasion strategies such as inhibition of class II transactivator (CIITA) and MHC-II expression, to survive and persist in host macrophages. However, precise roles for specific signaling components executing down-regulation of CIITA/MHC-II have not been adequately addressed. Here, we demonstrate that Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-mediated TLR2 signaling-induced iNOS/NO expression is obligatory for the suppression of IFN-γ-induced CIITA/MHC-II functions. Significantly, NOTCH/PKC/MAPK-triggered signaling cross-talk was found critical for iNOS/NO production. NO responsive recruitment of a bifunctional transcription factor, KLF4, to the promoter of CIITA during M. bovis BCG infection of macrophages was essential to orchestrate the epigenetic modifications mediated by histone methyltransferase EZH2 or miR-150 and thus calibrate CIITA/MHC-II expression. NO-dependent KLF4 regulated the processing and presentation of ovalbumin by infected macrophages to reactive T cells. Altogether, our study delineates a novel role for iNOS/NO/KLF4 in dictating the mycobacterial capacity to inhibit CIITA/MHC-II-mediated antigen presentation by infected macrophages and thereby elude immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devram Sampat Ghorpade
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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43
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Gao B, Xu W, Wang Y, Zhong L, Xiong S. Induction of TRIM22 by IFN-γ Involves JAK and PC-PLC/PKC, but Not MAPKs and pI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathways. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:578-87. [PMID: 23659673 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) 22 plays an important role in interferons (IFNs)-mediated antiviral activity. We previously demonstrated that interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) played a central role in IFN-γ-induced TRIM22 expression via binding to a special cis-element named 5' extended IFN-stimulating response element (5'eISRE). In this study, we sought to identify the signaling pathways involved in TRIM22 induction by IFN-γ. By using various pharmacological inhibitors, it was found that the activity of tyrosine kinase and phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C (PC-PLC), but not phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and phospholipase D (PLD), was required for IFN-γ-induced TRIM22 expression in HepG2 cells. Tyrosine kinase Janus kinase (JAK), not SRC and PYK2, played an indispensable role in TRIM22 induction. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activity also significantly attenuated IFN-γ induction of TRIM22. Although treatment with IFN-γ resulted in the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (p38, ERK, and JNK) and pI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in HepG2 cells, the inhibition of their activity did not affect IFN-γ-stimulated TRIM22 expression. Further studies showed that overexpression of JAK1 and PKCα activated TRIM22 promoter activity in a 5'eISRE-dependent manner, and inhibition of not only JAK but also PC-PLC/PKC pathways significantly attenuated IFN-γ-induced IRF-1 expression in HepG2 cells. Taken together, these data indicated that IFN-γ induced TRIM22 expression via activation of JAK and PC-PLC/PKC signaling pathways, which involved the cis-element 5'eISRE and the transactivator IRF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- 1 Department of Immunology, Institute for Immunobiology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University , Shanghai, P.R. China
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44
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Noble P, Vyas M, Al-Attar A, Durrant S, Scholefield J, Durrant L. High levels of cleaved caspase-3 in colorectal tumour stroma predict good survival. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2097-105. [PMID: 23591201 PMCID: PMC3670501 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The primary aim was to determine the prognostic significance of apoptosis in colorectal tumour cells and tumour-associated stroma. A secondary aim was to determine whether apoptosis was related to immune surveillance. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal antibodies recognising cleaved caspase-3 (CC3), cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), p53, Bcl2, MHC-II, B cells (CD16), macrophages (CD68) and T cells (CD3), on a tissue microarray of 462 colorectal tumours. Results: Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with high expression of CC3 in the tumour or CC3 or cleaved PARP in tumour-associated stroma have a good prognosis. This suggests that tumour stroma is promoting tumourigenesis and that high levels of death within the stroma breaks this link. CC3 levels in the tumour correlated with cleaved PARP and MHC-II expression but not with CD16, CD68, CD3, p53 or Bcl2 expression. CC3 levels on tumour-associated stroma also correlated with cleaved PARP and MHC-II expression but not with CD16, CD68, CD3, p53 or Bcl2 expression. Tumour cells express MHC-II in response to IFN-γ, suggesting that this may be one of the initiators of apoptosis within the good prognosis tumours. Although 73% of the MHC-II-positive tumour had high levels of apoptosis, many tumours had high levels of apoptosis in the absence of MHC-II, implying that this is only one of many causes of apoptosis within tumours. On multivariate analysis, using Cox's proportional hazards model, tumour stage, vascular invasion and expression of CC3 in tumour-associated stroma were shown to be independent markers of prognosis. Conclusion: This study shows that a high level of apoptosis within colorectal tumour-associated stroma is an independent marker of good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Noble
- Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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45
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A method for inducing antigen-specific IgG production by in vitro immunization. J Immunol Methods 2012; 386:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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Differential pathological and immune responses in newly weaned ferrets are associated with a mild clinical outcome of pandemic 2009 H1N1 infection. J Virol 2012; 86:13187-201. [PMID: 23055557 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01456-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Young children are typically considered a high-risk group for disease associated with influenza virus infection. Interestingly, recent clinical reports suggested that young children were the smallest group of cases with severe pandemic 2009 H1N1 (H1N1pdm) influenza virus infection. Here we established a newly weaned ferret model for the investigation of H1N1pdm infection in young age groups compared to adults. We found that young ferrets had a significantly milder fever and less weight loss than adult ferrets, which paralleled the mild clinical symptoms in the younger humans. Although there was no significant difference in viral clearance, disease severity was associated with pulmonary pathology, where newly weaned ferrets had an earlier pathology improvement. We examined the immune responses associated with protection of the young age group during H1N1pdm infection. We found that interferon and regulatory interleukin-10 responses were more robust in the lungs of young ferrets. In contrast, myeloperoxidase and major histocompatibility complex responses were persistently higher in the adult lungs; as well, the numbers of inflammation-prone granulocytes were highly elevated in the adult peripheral blood. Importantly, we observed that H1N1pdm infection triggered formation of lung structures that resembled inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues (iBALTs) in young ferrets which were associated with high levels of homeostatic chemokines CCL19 and CXCL13, but these were not seen in the adult ferrets with severe disease. These results may be extrapolated to a model of the mild disease seen in human children. Furthermore, these mechanistic analyses provide significant new insight into the developing immune system and effective strategies for intervention and vaccination against respiratory viruses.
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Pisapia L, Pozzo GD, Barba P, Citro A, Harris PE, Maffei A. Contrasting effects of IFNα on MHC class II expression in professional vs. nonprofessional APCs: Role of CIITA type IV promoter. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 2:174-83. [PMID: 24371581 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that, in ex vivo cultures, IFNα downregulates the expression of MHC class II (MHCII) genes in human non-professional APCs associated with pancreatic islets. IFNα has an opposing effect on MHCII expression in professional APCs. In this study, we found that the mechanism responsible for the IFNα-mediated MHCII's downregulation in human MHCII-positive non-professional antigen presenting human non-hematopoietic cell lines is the result of the negative feedback system that regulates cytokine signal transduction, which eventually inhibits promoters III and IV of CIITA gene. Because the CIITA-PIV isoform is mostly responsible for the constitutive expression of MHCII genes in non-professional APCs, we pursued and achieved the specific knockdown of CIITA-PIV mRNA in our in vitro system, obtaining a partial silencing of MHCII molecules similar to that obtained by IFNα. We believe that our results offer a new understanding of the potential significance of CIITA-PIV as a therapeutic target for interventional strategies that can manage autoimmune disease and allograft rejection with little interference on the function of professional APCs of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pisapia
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Del Pozzo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Barba
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Citro
- Department of Medicine of Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul E Harris
- Department of Medicine of Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonella Maffei
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati-Traverso, CNR, Naples, Italy ; Department of Medicine of Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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48
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Strioga M, Schijns V, Powell DJ, Pasukoniene V, Dobrovolskiene N, Michalek J. Dendritic cells and their role in tumor immunosurveillance. Innate Immun 2012; 19:98-111. [PMID: 22732734 DOI: 10.1177/1753425912449549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells that play a key role in initiating, directing and regulating adaptive immune responses, including those critically involved in tumor immunosurveillance. As a riposte to the central role of DCs in the generation of antitumor immune responses, tumors have developed various mechanisms which impair the immunostimulatory functions of DCs or even instruct them to actively contribute to tumor growth and progression. In the first part of this review we discuss general aspects of DC biology, including their origin, subtypes, immature and mature states, and functional plasticity which ensures a delicate balance between active immune response and immune tolerance. In the second part of the review we discuss the complex interactions between DCs and the tumor microenvironment, and point out the challenges faced by DCs during the recognition of tumor Ags. We also discuss the role of DCs in tumor angiogenesis and vasculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Strioga
- Department of Immunology, Center of Oncosurgery, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Cautivo KM, Bueno SM, Cortes CM, Wozniak A, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM. Efficient lung recruitment of respiratory syncytial virus-specific Th1 cells induced by recombinant bacillus Calmette-Guérin promotes virus clearance and protects from infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:7633-45. [PMID: 21084664 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause extensive inflammation and lung damage in susceptible hosts due to a Th2-biased immune response. Such a deleterious inflammatory response can be enhanced by immunization with formalin- or UV-inactivated RSV, as well as with vaccinia virus expressing the RSV-G protein. Recently, we have shown that vaccination with rBCG-expressing RSV Ags can prevent the disease in the mouse. To further understand the immunological mechanisms responsible for protection against RSV, we have characterized the T cell populations contributing to virus clearance in mice immunized with this BCG-based vaccine. We found that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were recruited significantly earlier to the lungs of infected mice that were previously vaccinated. Furthermore, we observed that simultaneous adoptive transfer of CD8(+) and CD4(+) RSV-specific T cells from vaccinated mice was required to confer protection against virus infection in naive recipients. In addition, CD4(+) T cells induced by vaccination released IFN-γ after RSV challenge, indicating that protection is mediated by a Th1 immune response. These data suggest that vaccination with rBCG-expressing RSV Ags can induce a specific effector/memory Th1 immune response consisting on CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, both necessary for a fully protective response against RSV. These results support the notion that an effective induction of Th1 T cell immunity against RSV during childhood could counteract the unbalanced Th2-like immune response triggered by the natural RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Cautivo
- Millennium Nucleus on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
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50
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Hayashi Y, Arakaki R, Ishimaru N. Salivary gland and autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2010; 56 Suppl:185-91. [PMID: 20224179 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.56.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidences suggest that the apoptotic pathway plays a central role in tolerazing T cells to tissue-specific self antigen, and may drive the autoimmune phenomenon in the salivary glands. We found that retinoblastoma-associated protein RbAp48 overexpression induces p53-mediated apoptosis in the salivary glands caused by estrogen deficiency. We demonstrated that transgenic (Tg) expression of RbAp48 resulted in the development of autoimmune exocrinopathy resembling Sjögren's syndrome (SS). CD4(+)T cell-mediated autoimmune lesions in the salivary glands were aggravated with age, in association with autoantibody productions. We obtained evidences that salivary epithelial cells can produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) besides interleukin (IL)-18, which activates interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), and class II transactivator (CIITA). Indeed, the autoimmune lesions into Rag2(-/-) mice were induced by the adoptive transfer of lymph node cells from RbAp48-Tg mice. These results indicate a novel immunocompetent role of epithelial cells that can produce IFN-gamma, resulting in loss of local tolerance prior to developing gender-based autoimmunity. The studies reviewed the molecular mechanisms on the development of salivary gland autoimmunity, and gender-related differences in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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