1
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Singh MK, Rallabandi HR, Zhou XJ, Qi YY, Zhao ZZ, Gan T, Zhang H, Looger LL, Nath SK. KLF2 enhancer variant rs4808485 increases lupus risk by modulating inflammasome machinery and cellular homoeostasis. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:879-888. [PMID: 38373841 PMCID: PMC11168881 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A recent genome-wide association study linked KLF2 as a novel Asian-specific locus for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) susceptibility. However, the underlying causal functional variant(s), cognate target gene(s) and genetic mechanisms associated with SLE risk are unknown. METHODS We used bioinformatics to prioritise likely functional variants and validated the best candidate with diverse experimental techniques, including genome editing. Gene expression was compared between healthy controls (HCs) and patients with SLE with or without lupus nephritis (LN+, LN-). RESULTS Through bioinformatics and expression quantitative trait locus analyses, we prioritised rs4808485 in active chromatin, predicted to modulate KLF2 expression. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR demonstrated differential allele-specific enhancer activity and binding of active histone marks (H3K27ac, H3K4me3 and H3K4me1), Pol II, CTCF, P300 and the transcription factor PARP1. Chromosome conformation capture-qPCR revealed long-range chromatin interactions between rs4808485 and the KLF2 promoter. These were directly validated by CRISPR-based genetic and epigenetic editing in Jurkat and lymphoblastoid cells. Deleting the rs4808485 enhancer in Jurkat (KO) cells disrupted NLRP3 inflammasome machinery by reducing KLF2 and increasing CASPASE1, IL-1β and GSDMD levels. Knockout cells also exhibited higher proliferation and cell-cycle progression than wild type. RNA-seq validated interplay between KLF2 and inflammasome machinery in HC, LN+ and LN-. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate how rs4808485 modulates the inflammasome and cellular homoeostasis through regulating KLF2 expression. This establishes mechanistic connections between rs4808485 and SLE susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Singh
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Harikrishna Reddy Rallabandi
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Xu-Jie Zhou
- Renal Division, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhan-Zheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ting Gan
- Renal Division, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Renal Division, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing, China
| | - Loren L Looger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Swapan K Nath
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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2
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Tong Q, Yao L, Su M, Yang YG, Sun L. Thymocyte migration and emigration. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106861. [PMID: 38697225 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic precursors (HPCs) entering into the thymus undergo a sequential process leading to the generation of a variety of T cell subsets. This developmental odyssey unfolds in distinct stages within the thymic cortex and medulla, shaping the landscape of T cell receptor (TCR) expression and guiding thymocytes through positive and negative selection. Initially, early thymic progenitors (ETPs) take residence in the thymic cortex, where thymocytes begin to express their TCR and undergo positive selection. Subsequently, thymocytes transition to the thymic medulla, where they undergo negative selection. Both murine and human thymocyte development can be broadly classified into distinct stages based on the expression of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors, resulting in categorizations as double negative (DN), double positive (DP) or single positive (SP) cells. Thymocyte migration to the appropriate thymic microenvironment at the right differentiation stage is pivotal for the development and the proper functioning of T cells, which is critical for adaptive immune responses. The journey of lymphoid progenitor cells into the T cell developmental pathway hinges on an ongoing dialogue between the differentiating cell and the signals emanating from the thymus niche. Herein, we review the contribution of the key factors mentioned above for the localization, migration and emigration of thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Liyu Yao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengting Su
- National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.
| | - Liguang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.
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3
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Feng H, Zhao Z, Zhao X, Bai X, Fu W, Zheng L, Kang B, Wang X, Zhang Z, Dong C. A novel memory-like Tfh cell subset is precursor to effector Tfh cells in recall immune responses. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20221927. [PMID: 38047912 PMCID: PMC10695277 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, essential for germinal center reactions, are not identical, with different phenotypes reported. Whether, when, and how they generate memory cells is still poorly understood. Here, through single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of CXCR5+Bcl6+ Tfh cells generated under different conditions, we discovered, in addition to PD-1hi effector Tfh cells, a CD62L+PD1low subpopulation. CD62L-expressing Tfh cells developed independently from PD-1+ cells and not in direct contact with B cells. More importantly, CD62L+ Tfh cells expressed memory- and stemness-associated genes, and with better superior long-term survival, they readily generated PD-1hi cells in the recall response. Finally, KLF2 and IL7R, also highly expressed by CD62L+ Tfh cells, were required to regulate their development. Our work thus demonstrates a novel Tfh memory-like cell subpopulation, which may benefit our understanding of immune responses and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Feng
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liangtao Zheng
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Boxi Kang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zemin Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Wells AC, Hioki KA, Angelou CC, Lynch AC, Liang X, Ryan DJ, Thesmar I, Zhanybekova S, Zuklys S, Ullom J, Cheong A, Mager J, Hollander GA, Pobezinskaya EL, Pobezinsky LA. Let-7 enhances murine anti-tumor CD8 T cell responses by promoting memory and antagonizing terminal differentiation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5585. [PMID: 37696797 PMCID: PMC10495470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of the CD8 T cell-mediated immune response against infections and tumors depends on the formation of a long-lived memory pool, and the protection of effector cells from exhaustion. The advent of checkpoint blockade therapy has significantly improved anti-tumor therapeutic outcomes by reversing CD8 T cell exhaustion, but fails to generate effector cells with memory potential. Here, using in vivo mouse models, we show that let-7 miRNAs determine CD8 T cell fate, where maintenance of let-7 expression during early cell activation results in memory CD8 T cell formation and tumor clearance. Conversely, let-7-deficiency promotes the generation of a terminal effector population that becomes vulnerable to exhaustion and cell death in immunosuppressive environments and fails to reject tumors. Mechanistically, let-7 restrains metabolic changes that occur during T cell activation through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and production of reactive oxygen species, potent drivers of terminal differentiation and exhaustion. Thus, our results reveal a role for let-7 in the time-sensitive support of memory formation and the protection of effector cells from exhaustion. Overall, our data suggest a strategy in developing next-generation immunotherapies by preserving the multipotency of effector cells rather than enhancing the efficacy of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria C Wells
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Kaito A Hioki
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- UMass Biotech Training Program (BTP), Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Constance C Angelou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Adam C Lynch
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Xueting Liang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Ryan
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Iris Thesmar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Saule Zhanybekova
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saulius Zuklys
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacob Ullom
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Agnes Cheong
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Georg A Hollander
- Pediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena L Pobezinskaya
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Leonid A Pobezinsky
- Department of Veterinary and Animal science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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5
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Micevic G, Daniels A, Flem-Karlsen K, Park K, Talty R, McGeary M, Mirza H, Blackburn HN, Sefik E, Cheung JF, Hornick NI, Aizenbud L, Joshi NS, Kluger H, Iwasaki A, Bosenberg MW, Flavell RA. IL-7R licenses a population of epigenetically poised memory CD8 + T cells with superior antitumor efficacy that are critical for melanoma memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304319120. [PMID: 37459511 PMCID: PMC10372654 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304319120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of advanced melanoma after therapy is a major risk factor for reduced survival, and treatment options are limited. Antitumor immune memory plays a critical role in preventing melanoma recurrence and memory T cells could be a potent cell-based therapy, but the identity, and functional properties of the required immune cells are incompletely understood. Here, we show that an IL-7Rhi tumor-specific CD8+ population is critical for antitumor memory and can be epigenetically augmented to drive powerful antitumor immune responses. Using a model of functional antimelanoma memory, we found that high IL-7R expression selectively marks a CD8+ population in lymphoid organs that plays critical roles in maintaining tumor remission after immunotherapy or surgical resection. This population has intrinsic cytotoxic activity, lacks markers of exhaustion and has superior antitumor efficacy. IL-7Rhi cells have a functionally poised epigenetic landscape regulated by DNA methylation, which can be augmented by hypomethylating agents to confer improved survival and complete melanoma clearance in naive mice. Importantly, greater than 95% of tumor-specific T cells in draining lymph nodes after therapy express high levels of IL-7R. This overlap between IL-7Rhi and antigen-specific T cells allows for enrichment of a potent functional CD8+ population without determining antigen-specificity, which we demonstrate in a melanoma model without a known antigen. We identify that IL-7R expression in human melanoma is an independent prognostic factor of improved survival. These findings advance our basic understanding of antitumor memory and suggest a cell-based therapy using high IL-7R expression to enrich for a lymph node population with superior antitumor activity that can be augmented by hypomethylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Micevic
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Andrew Daniels
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | | | - Koonam Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Ronan Talty
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Meaghan McGeary
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Haris Mirza
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Holly N. Blackburn
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Julie F. Cheung
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Noah I. Hornick
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Lilach Aizenbud
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Nikhil S. Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Harriet Kluger
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Medicine (Medical Oncology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Marcus W. Bosenberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Center for Immuno-Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06520
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD20815
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6
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Li ZY, Zhu YX, Chen JR, Chang X, Xie ZZ. The role of KLF transcription factor in the regulation of cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114661. [PMID: 37068333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of zinc finger transcription factors that have been found to play an essential role in the development of various human tissues, including epithelial, teeth, and nerves. In addition to regulating normal physiological processes, KLFs have been implicated in promoting the onset of several cancers, such as gastric cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, and colon cancer. To inhibit cancer progression, various existing medicines have been used to modulate the expression of KLFs, and anti-microRNA treatments have also emerged as a potential strategy for many cancers. Investigating the possibility of targeting KLFs in cancer therapy is urgently needed, as the roles of KLFs in cancer have not received enough attention in recent years. This review summarizes the factors that regulate KLF expression and function at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, which could aid in understanding the mechanisms of KLFs in cancer progression. We hope that this review will contribute to the development of more effective anti-cancer medicines targeting KLFs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Li
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhu
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Jian-Rui Chen
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Xu Chang
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Xie
- College of Basic Medical, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Experimental teaching center of Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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7
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Taggenbrock RLRE, van Gisbergen KPJM. ILC1: Development, maturation, and transcriptional regulation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2149435. [PMID: 36408791 PMCID: PMC10099236 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 Innate Lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are tissue-resident cells that partake in the regulation of inflammation and homeostasis. A major feature of ILC1s is their ability to rapidly respond after infections. The effector repertoire of ILC1s includes the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α and cytotoxic mediators such as granzymes, which enable ILC1s to establish immune responses and to directly kill target cells. Recent advances in the characterization of ILC1s have considerably furthered our understanding of ILC1 development and maintenance in tissues. In particular, it has become clear how ILC1s operate independently from conventional natural killer cells, with which they share many characteristics. In this review, we discuss recent developments with regards to the differentiation, polarization, and effector maturation of ILC1s. These processes may underlie the observed heterogeneity in ILC1 populations within and between different tissues. Next, we highlight transcriptional programs that control each of the separate steps in the differentiation of ILC1s. These transcriptional programs are shared with other tissue-resident type-1 lymphocytes, such as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM ) and invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT), highlighting that ILC1s utilize networks of transcriptional regulation that are conserved between lymphocyte lineages to respond effectively to tissue-invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske L R E Taggenbrock
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Dean JW, Helm EY, Fu Z, Xiong L, Sun N, Oliff KN, Muehlbauer M, Avram D, Zhou L. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor cell intrinsically promotes resident memory CD8 + T cell differentiation and function. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111963. [PMID: 36640340 PMCID: PMC9940759 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) regulates the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cells; however, its cell-intrinsic role in CD8+ T cells remains elusive. Herein we show that Ahr acts as a promoter of resident memory CD8+ T cell (TRM) differentiation and function. Genetic ablation of Ahr in mouse CD8+ T cells leads to increased CD127-KLRG1+ short-lived effector cells and CD44+CD62L+ T central memory cells but reduced granzyme-B-producing CD69+CD103+ TRM cells. Genome-wide analyses reveal that Ahr suppresses the circulating while promoting the resident memory core gene program. A tumor resident polyfunctional CD8+ T cell population, revealed by single-cell RNA-seq, is diminished upon Ahr deletion, compromising anti-tumor immunity. Human intestinal intraepithelial CD8+ T cells also highly express AHR that regulates in vitro TRM differentiation and granzyme B production. Collectively, these data suggest that Ahr is an important cell-intrinsic factor for CD8+ T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Dean
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Eric Y Helm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Lifeng Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Kristen N Oliff
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Marcus Muehlbauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Dorina Avram
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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9
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Gao A, Zhao W, Wu R, Su R, Jin R, Luo J, Gao C, Li X, Wang C. Tissue-resident memory T cells: The key frontier in local synovitis memory of rheumatoid arthritis. J Autoimmun 2022; 133:102950. [PMID: 36356551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly disabling, systemic autoimmune disease. It presents a remarkable tendency to recur, which renders it almost impossible for patients to live without drugs. Under such circumstances, many patients have to suffer the pain of recurrent attacks as well as the side effects of long-term medication. Current therapies for RA are primarily systemic treatments without targeting the problem that RA is more likely to recur locally. Emerging studies suggest the existence of a mechanism mediating local memory during RA, which is closely related to the persistent residence of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). TRM, one of the memory T cell subsets, reside in tissues providing immediate immune protection but driving recurrent local inflammation on the other hand. The heterogeneity among synovial TRM is unclear, with the dominated CD8+ TRM observed in inflamed synovium of RA patients coming into focus. Besides local arthritis relapse, TRM may also contribute to extra-articular organ involvement in RA due to their migration potential. Future integration of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with spatial transcriptomics to explore the gene expression patterns of TRM in both temporal dimension and spatial dimension may help us identify specific therapeutic targets. Targeting synovial TRM to suppress local arthritis flares while using systemic therapies to prevent extra-articular organ involvement may provide a new perspective to address RA recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruihe Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruqing Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, Shanxi, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Pathology, Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, Shanxi, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory for Immunomicroecology, Shanxi, China.
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10
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Yenyuwadee S, Aliazis K, Wang Q, Christofides A, Shah R, Patsoukis N, Boussiotis VA. Immune cellular components and signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:187-201. [PMID: 35985559 PMCID: PMC10735089 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade there has been a revolution in cancer therapeutics by the emergence of antibody-based and cell-based immunotherapies that modulate immune responses against tumors. These new therapies have extended and improved the therapeutic efficacy of chemo-radiotherapy and have offered treatment options to patients who are no longer responding to these classic anti-cancer treatments. Unfortunately, tumor eradication and long-lasting responses are observed in a small fraction of patients, whereas the majority of patients respond only transiently. These outcomes indicate that the maximum potential of immunotherapy has not been reached due to incomplete knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that guide the development of successful anti-tumor immunity and its failure. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries about the immune cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the role of key signaling mechanisms that compromise the function of immune cells leading to cancer immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Yenyuwadee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Konstantinos Aliazis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Qi Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Anthos Christofides
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Rushil Shah
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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11
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Foote CA, Soares RN, Ramirez-Perez FI, Ghiarone T, Aroor A, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Endothelial Glycocalyx. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3781-3811. [PMID: 35997082 PMCID: PMC10214841 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a polysaccharide structure that protrudes from the body of a cell. It is primarily conformed of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which provide communication, electrostatic charge, ionic buffering, permeability, and mechanosensation-mechanotransduction capabilities to cells. In blood vessels, the endothelial glycocalyx that projects into the vascular lumen separates the vascular wall from the circulating blood. Such a physical location allows a number of its components, including sialic acid, glypican-1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, to participate in the mechanosensation-mechanotransduction of blood flow-dependent shear stress, which results in the synthesis of nitric oxide and flow-mediated vasodilation. The endothelial glycocalyx also participates in the regulation of vascular permeability and the modulation of inflammatory responses, including the processes of leukocyte rolling and extravasation. Its structural architecture and negative charge work to prevent macromolecules greater than approximately 70 kDa and cationic molecules from binding and flowing out of the vasculature. This also prevents the extravasation of pathogens such as bacteria and virus, as well as that of tumor cells. Due to its constant exposure to shear and circulating enzymes such as neuraminidase, heparanase, hyaluronidase, and matrix metalloproteinases, the endothelial glycocalyx is in a continuous process of degradation and renovation. A balance favoring degradation is associated with a variety of pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular aging, metastatic cancer, and diabetic vasculopathies. Consequently, ongoing research efforts are focused on deciphering the mechanisms that promote glycocalyx degradation or limit its syntheses, as well as on therapeutic approaches to improve glycocalyx integrity with the goal of reducing vascular disease. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-31, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rogerio N. Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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12
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Yenyuwadee S, Sanchez-Trincado Lopez JL, Shah R, Rosato PC, Boussiotis VA. The evolving role of tissue-resident memory T cells in infections and cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5871. [PMID: 35977028 PMCID: PMC9385156 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (TRM) form a distinct type of T memory cells that stably resides in tissues. TRM form an integral part of the immune sensing network and have the ability to control local immune homeostasis and participate in immune responses mediated by pathogens, cancer, and possibly autoantigens during autoimmunity. TRM express residence gene signatures, functional properties of both memory and effector cells, and remarkable plasticity. TRM have a well-established role in pathogen immunity, whereas their role in antitumor immune responses and immunotherapy is currently evolving. As TRM form the most abundant T memory cell population in nonlymphoid tissues, they are attractive targets for therapeutic exploitation. Here, we provide a concise review of the development and physiological role of CD8+ TRM, their involvement in diseases, and their potential therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasitorn Yenyuwadee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jose Luis Sanchez-Trincado Lopez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Laboratory of Immunomedicine, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Ave Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rushil Shah
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 , USA
| | - Pamela C. Rosato
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03755, USA
| | - Vassiliki A. Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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13
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Manjili MH. The adaptation model of immunity: is the goal of central tolerance to eliminate defective T cells or self‐reactive T cells? Scand J Immunol 2022; 96:e13209. [PMID: 36239215 PMCID: PMC9539632 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The self‐non‐self model and the danger model are designed to understand how an immune response is induced. These models are not meant to predict if an immune response may succeed or fail in destroying/controlling its target. However, these immunological models rely on either self‐antigens or self‐dendritic cells for understanding of central tolerance, which have been discussed by Fuchs and Matzinger in response to Al‐Yassin. In an attempt to address some questions that these models are facing when it comes to understanding central tolerance, I propose that the goal of negative selection in the thymus is to eliminate defective T cells but not self‐reactive T cells. Therefore, any escape from negative selection could increase lymphopenia because of the depletion of defective naïve T cells outside the thymus, as seen in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud H. Manjili
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology VCU School of Medicine, VCU Massey Cancer Center Richmond VA USA
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14
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Single-cell analysis reveals differences among iNKT cells colonizing peripheral organs and identifies Klf2 as a key gene for iNKT emigration. Cell Discov 2022; 8:75. [PMID: 35915069 PMCID: PMC9343440 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) subsets are differentially distributed in various immune organs. However, it remains unclear whether iNKT cells exhibit phenotypical and functional differences in different peripheral organs and how thymic iNKT cells emigrate to peripheral organs. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to map iNKT cells from peripheral organs. iNKT1 cells from liver, spleen, and lymph node appear to have distinct phenotypic profiles and functional capabilities. However, iNKT17 transcriptomes were comparable across peripheral organs. In addition, by integrating data with a thymic iNKT cell study, we uncovered a transient population of recent thymic emigrants, a cluster of peripheral iNKT cells with high expression of transcription factor Kruppel-like factor 2 (Klf2). Deletion of Klf2 led to a severe impairment of iNKT differentiation and migration. Our study revealed that iNKT subsets are uniquely distributed in peripheral organs with some inter-local tissue variation, especially for iNKT1 cell, and identified Klf2 as a rheostat for iNKT cell migration and differentiation.
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15
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Fujiki F, Morimoto S, Katsuhara A, Okuda A, Ogawa S, Ueda E, Miyazaki M, Isotani A, Ikawa M, Nishida S, Nakajima H, Tsuboi A, Oka Y, Nakata J, Hosen N, Kumanogoh A, Oji Y, Sugiyama H. T Cell-Intrinsic Vitamin A Metabolism and Its Signaling Are Targets for Memory T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935465. [PMID: 35844620 PMCID: PMC9280205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells play an essential role in infectious and tumor immunity. Vitamin A metabolites such as retinoic acid are immune modulators, but the role of vitamin A metabolism in memory T-cell differentiation is unclear. In this study, we identified retinol dehydrogenase 10 (Rdh10), which metabolizes vitamin A to retinal (RAL), as a key molecule for regulating T cell differentiation. T cell-specific Rdh10 deficiency enhanced memory T-cell formation through blocking RAL production in infection model. Epigenetic profiling revealed that retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling activated by vitamin A metabolites induced comprehensive epigenetic repression of memory T cell-associated genes, including TCF7, thereby promoting effector T-cell differentiation. Importantly, memory T cells generated by Rdh deficiency and blocking RAR signaling elicited potent anti-tumor responses in adoptive T-cell transfer setting. Thus, T cell differentiation is regulated by vitamin A metabolism and its signaling, which should be novel targets for memory T cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Fujiki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumihiro Fujiki, ; Haruo Sugiyama,
| | - Soyoko Morimoto
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akiko Katsuhara
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akane Okuda
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Saeka Ogawa
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eriko Ueda
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Maki Miyazaki
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayako Isotani
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sumiyuki Nishida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakajima
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tsuboi
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Oka
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Jun Nakata
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Oji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- *Correspondence: Fumihiro Fujiki, ; Haruo Sugiyama,
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16
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Lyu Y, Zhou Y, Shen J. An Overview of Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Intestine: From Physiological Functions to Pathological Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912393. [PMID: 35711464 PMCID: PMC9192946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestine contains a complex network of innate and adaptive immune cells that provide protective immunity. The dysfunction of this network may cause various chronic diseases. A large number of T cells in the human intestine have been identified as tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). TRM are present in the peripheral tissues, and they do not recirculate through the blood. It is known that TRM provide rapid immune responses at the frontline of pathogen invasion. Recent evidence also suggests that these cells play a role in tumor surveillance and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the general features of intestinal TRM together with their role in intestinal infection, colorectal cancer (CRC), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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17
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Mutabaruka MS, Pata M, Vacher J. A Foxo1-Klf2-S1pr1-Gnai1-Rac1 signaling axis is a critical mediator of Ostm1 regulatory network in T lymphopoiesis. iScience 2022; 25:104160. [PMID: 35434560 PMCID: PMC9010627 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ostm1 mutations cause the severe form of osteopetrosis with bone marrow deficiency in humans and mice, yet a role in T cell ontogeny remains to be determined. Herein, we show that thymi of the Ostm1-null mice (gl/gl) from P8-to-P15 become markedly hypocellular with disturbed architecture. Analysis of gl/gl early T cell program determined a major decrease of 3-fold in bone marrow common lymphoid precursors (CLP), 35-fold in early thymic precursors (ETPs) and 100-fold in T cell double positive subpopulations. Ostm1 ablation in T cell double negative (DN) also appears to induce fast-paced differentiation kinetics with a transitory intermediate CD44+CD25int subpopulation. Transgenic targeting Ostm1 expression from the gl/gl DN1 population partially rescued T cell subpopulations from ETP onwards and normalized the accelerated DN differentiation, indicating a cell-autonomous role for Ostm1. Transcriptome of early DN1 population identified an Ostm1 crosstalk with a Foxo1-Klf2-S1pr1-Gnai1-Rac1 signaling axis. Our findings establish that Ostm1 is an essential regulator of T cell ontogeny. Loss of Ostm1 causes severe thymus hypocellularity Ostm1 is a modulator of the T cell differentiation program from the CLPs onwards Targeted CD2-Ostm1 in Ostm1 null mice leads to partial rescue of DN differentiation Ostm1 null DN1 transcriptome identifies a Foxo1-Klf2-S1pr1-Gnai1-Rac1 signaling axis
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie S Mutabaruka
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 West Pins Avenue, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Monica Pata
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 West Pins Avenue, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean Vacher
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, 110 West Pins Avenue, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 3J7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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18
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Eder JM, Sacco RE. Ex vivo activated CD4+ T cells from young calves exhibit Th2-biased effector function with distinct metabolic reprogramming compared to adult cows. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 248:110418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Jiang S, Luo M, Bai X, Nie P, Zhu Y, Cai H, Li B, Luo P. Cellular crosstalk of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:313-331. [PMID: 35041192 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Persistent proteinuria is an important feature of DKD, which is caused by the destruction of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes are important components of the GFB, and their damage can be observed in the early stages of DKD. Recently, studies have found that crosstalk between cells directly affects DKD progression, which has prospective research significance. However, the pathways involved are complex and largely unexplored. Here, we review the literature on cellular crosstalk of GECs and podocytes in the context of DKD, and highlight specific gaps in the field to propose future research directions. Elucidating the intricates of such complex processes will help to further understand the pathogenesis of DKD and develop better prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ping Nie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yuexin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Hangxi Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
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20
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Morgana F, Opstelten R, Slot MC, Scott AM, van Lier RAW, Blom B, Mahfouz A, Amsen D. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Discrete Steps in Regulatory T Cell Development in the Human Thymus. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:384-395. [PMID: 34937744 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells control immunological tolerance. Treg cells are generated in the thymus (tTreg) or in the periphery. Their superior lineage fidelity makes tTregs the preferred cell type for adoptive cell therapy (ACT). How human tTreg cells develop is incompletely understood. By combining single-cell transcriptomics and flow cytometry, we in this study delineated three major Treg developmental stages in the human thymus. At the first stage, which we propose to name pre-Treg I, cells still express lineage-inappropriate genes and exhibit signs of TCR signaling, presumably reflecting recognition of self-antigen. The subsequent pre-Treg II stage is marked by the sharp appearance of transcription factor FOXO1 and features induction of KLF2 and CCR7, in apparent preparation for thymic exit. The pre-Treg II stage can further be refined based on the sequential acquisition of surface markers CD31 and GPA33. The expression of CD45RA, finally, completes the phenotype also found on mature recent thymic emigrant Treg cells. Remarkably, the thymus contains a substantial fraction of recirculating mature effector Treg cells, distinguishable by expression of inflammatory chemokine receptors and absence of CCR7. The developmental origin of these cells is unclear and warrants caution when using thymic tissue as a source of stable cells for ACT. We show that cells in the major developmental stages can be distinguished using the surface markers CD1a, CD27, CCR7, and CD39, allowing for their viable isolation. These insights help identify fully mature tTreg cells for ACT and can serve as a basis for further mechanistic studies into tTreg development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Morgana
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne Opstelten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon C Slot
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumor Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - René A W van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Blom
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; and
| | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; .,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Collins DR, Urbach JM, Racenet ZJ, Arshad U, Power KA, Newman RM, Mylvaganam GH, Ly NL, Lian X, Rull A, Rassadkina Y, Yanez AG, Peluso MJ, Deeks SG, Vidal F, Lichterfeld M, Yu XG, Gaiha GD, Allen TM, Walker BD. Functional impairment of HIV-specific CD8 + T cells precedes aborted spontaneous control of viremia. Immunity 2021; 54:2372-2384.e7. [PMID: 34496223 PMCID: PMC8516715 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous control of HIV infection has been repeatedly linked to antiviral CD8+ T cells but is not always permanent. To address mechanisms of durable and aborted control of viremia, we evaluated immunologic and virologic parameters longitudinally among 34 HIV-infected subjects with differential outcomes. Despite sustained recognition of autologous virus, HIV-specific proliferative and cytolytic T cell effector functions became selectively and intrinsically impaired prior to aborted control. Longitudinal transcriptomic profiling of functionally impaired HIV-specific CD8+ T cells revealed altered expression of genes related to activation, cytokine-mediated signaling, and cell cycle regulation, including increased expression of the antiproliferative transcription factor KLF2 but not of genes associated with canonical exhaustion. Lymphoid HIV-specific CD8+ T cells also exhibited poor functionality during aborted control relative to durable control. Our results identify selective functional impairment of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells as prognostic of impending aborted HIV control, with implications for clinical monitoring and immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Collins
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Umar Arshad
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karen A Power
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ruchi M Newman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Geetha H Mylvaganam
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ngoc L Ly
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Rull
- Joan XXIII University Hospital, Pere Virgili Institute (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yelizaveta Rassadkina
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adrienne G Yanez
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Joan XXIII University Hospital, Pere Virgili Institute (IISPV), Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xu G Yu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gaurav D Gaiha
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd M Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Flommersfeld S, Böttcher JP, Ersching J, Flossdorf M, Meiser P, Pachmayr LO, Leube J, Hensel I, Jarosch S, Zhang Q, Chaudhry MZ, Andrae I, Schiemann M, Busch DH, Cicin-Sain L, Sun JC, Gasteiger G, Victora GD, Höfer T, Buchholz VR, Grassmann S. Fate mapping of single NK cells identifies a type 1 innate lymphoid-like lineage that bridges innate and adaptive recognition of viral infection. Immunity 2021; 54:2288-2304.e7. [PMID: 34437840 PMCID: PMC8528403 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Upon viral infection, natural killer (NK) cells expressing certain germline-encoded receptors are selected, expanded, and maintained in an adaptive-like manner. Currently, these are thought to differentiate along a common pathway. However, by fate mapping of single NK cells upon murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection, we identified two distinct NK cell lineages that contributed to adaptive-like responses. One was equivalent to conventional NK (cNK) cells while the other was transcriptionally similar to type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s). ILC1-like NK cells showed splenic residency and strong cytokine production but also recognized and killed MCMV-infected cells, guided by activating receptor Ly49H. Moreover, they induced clustering of conventional type 1 dendritic cells and facilitated antigen-specific T cell priming early during MCMV infection, which depended on Ly49H and the NK cell-intrinsic expression of transcription factor Batf3. Thereby, ILC1-like NK cells bridge innate and adaptive viral recognition and unite critical features of cNK cells and ILC1s. Adaptive-like NK cell responses to MCMV encompass conventional and ILC1-like lineages ILC1-like NK cells show enhanced cytokine production and splenic residency ILC1-like NK cells show EOMES expression, target-specific cytotoxicity, and clonal expansion ILC1-like NK cells drive cDC1 clustering and CD8+ T cell priming dependent on Ly49H and Batf3
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Flommersfeld
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan P Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jonatan Ersching
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Flossdorf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Philippa Meiser
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig O Pachmayr
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Justin Leube
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Hensel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jarosch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Qin Zhang
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Immanuel Andrae
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Georg Gasteiger
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Würzburg, Germany; Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel D Victora
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Simon Grassmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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23
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Yang K, Kallies A. Tissue-specific differentiation of CD8 + resident memory T cells. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:876-890. [PMID: 34531111 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells play crucial roles in defense against infections and cancer and have been implicated in autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. In mice and humans, they exist in all nonlymphoid organs and share key characteristics across all tissues, including downregulation of tissue egress and lymph node homing pathways. However, recent studies demonstrate considerable heterogeneity across TRM cells lodged in different tissues - linked to the activity of tissue-specific molecules, including chemokines, cytokines, and transcription factors. Current work indicates that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a major role in generating TRM heterogeneity at phenotypic and functional levels. Here, we review common and unique features of TRM cells in different tissues and discuss putative strategies aimed at harnessing TRM cells for site-specific protection against infectious and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Axel Kallies
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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24
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Burkard T, Dreis C, Herrero San Juan M, Huhn M, Weigert A, Pfeilschifter JM, Radeke HH. Enhanced CXCR4 Expression of Human CD8 Low T Lymphocytes Is Driven by S1P 4. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668884. [PMID: 34504486 PMCID: PMC8421764 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the human immune response to cancer is naturally potent, it can be severely disrupted as a result of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Infiltrating regulatory T lymphocytes contribute to this immunosuppression by inhibiting proliferation of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, which are key to an effective anti-cancer immune response. Other important contributory factors are thought to include metabolic stress caused by the local nutrient deprivation common to many solid tumors. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an alarmin released in reaction to cell damage, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are known to control cell positioning and differentiation of T lymphocytes. In an in vitro model of nutrient deprivation, we investigated the influence of IL-33 and S1P receptor 4 (S1P4) on the differentiation and migration of human CD8+ T lymphocytes. Serum starvation of CD8+ T lymphocytes induced a subset of CD8Low and IL-33 receptor-positive (ST2L+) cells characterized by enhanced expression of the regulatory T cell markers CD38 and CD39. Both S1P1 and S1P4 were transcriptionally regulated after stimulation with IL-33. Moreover, expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 was increased in CD8+ T lymphocytes treated with the selective S1P4 receptor agonist CYM50308. We conclude that nutrient deprivation promotes CD8Low T lymphocytes, contributing to an immunosuppressive microenvironment and a poor anti-cancer immune response by limiting cytotoxic effector functions. Our results suggest that S1P4 signaling modulation may be a promising target for anti-CXCR4 cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Burkard
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Caroline Dreis
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Martina Herrero San Juan
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Meik Huhn
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Josef M Pfeilschifter
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Heinfried H Radeke
- pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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25
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Johansen KH, Golec DP, Thomsen JH, Schwartzberg PL, Okkenhaug K. PI3K in T Cell Adhesion and Trafficking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:708908. [PMID: 34421914 PMCID: PMC8377255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.708908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PI3K signalling is required for activation, differentiation, and trafficking of T cells. PI3Kδ, the dominant PI3K isoform in T cells, has been extensively characterised using PI3Kδ mutant mouse models and PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, characterisation of patients with Activated PI3K Delta Syndrome (APDS) and mouse models with hyperactive PI3Kδ have shed light on how increased PI3Kδ activity affects T cell functions. An important function of PI3Kδ is that it acts downstream of TCR stimulation to activate the major T cell integrin, LFA-1, which controls transendothelial migration of T cells as well as their interaction with antigen-presenting cells. PI3Kδ also suppresses the cell surface expression of CD62L and CCR7 which controls the migration of T cells across high endothelial venules in the lymph nodes and S1PR1 which controls lymph node egress. Therefore, PI3Kδ can control both entry and exit of T cells from lymph nodes as well as the recruitment to and retention of T cells within inflamed tissues. This review will focus on the regulation of adhesion receptors by PI3Kδ and how this contributes to T cell trafficking and localisation. These findings are relevant for our understanding of how PI3Kδ inhibitors may affect T cell redistribution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer H Johansen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominic P Golec
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julie H Thomsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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26
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Schunkert EM, Shah PN, Divito SJ. Skin Resident Memory T Cells May Play Critical Role in Delayed-Type Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654190. [PMID: 34497600 PMCID: PMC8419326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed-type drug hypersensitivity reactions (dtDHR) are immune-mediated reactions with skin and visceral manifestations ranging from mild to severe. Clinical care is negatively impacted by a limited understanding of disease pathogenesis. Though T cells are believed to orchestrate disease, the type of T cell and the location and mechanism of T cell activation remain unknown. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are a unique T cell population potentially well situated to act as key mediators in disease pathogenesis, but significant obstacles to defining, identifying, and testing TRM in dtDHR preclude definitive conclusions at this time. Deeper mechanistic interrogation to address these unanswered questions is necessary, as involvement of TRM in disease has significant implications for prediction, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.
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27
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Milner JJ, Toma C, Quon S, Omilusik K, Scharping NE, Dey A, Reina-Campos M, Nguyen H, Getzler AJ, Diao H, Yu B, Delpoux A, Yoshida TM, Li D, Qi J, Vincek A, Hedrick SM, Egawa T, Zhou MM, Crotty S, Ozato K, Pipkin ME, Goldrath AW. Bromodomain protein BRD4 directs and sustains CD8 T cell differentiation during infection. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202512. [PMID: 34037670 PMCID: PMC8160575 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to infection, pathogen-specific CD8 T cells differentiate into functionally diverse effector and memory T cell populations critical for resolving disease and providing durable immunity. Through small-molecule inhibition, RNAi studies, and induced genetic deletion, we reveal an essential role for the chromatin modifier and BET family member BRD4 in supporting the differentiation and maintenance of terminally fated effector CD8 T cells during infection. BRD4 bound diverse regulatory regions critical to effector T cell differentiation and controlled transcriptional activity of terminal effector-specific super-enhancers in vivo. Consequentially, induced deletion of Brd4 or small molecule-mediated BET inhibition impaired maintenance of a terminal effector T cell phenotype. BRD4 was also required for terminal differentiation of CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment in murine models, which we show has implications for immunotherapies. Taken together, these data reveal an unappreciated requirement for BRD4 in coordinating activity of cis regulatory elements to control CD8 T cell fate and lineage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Justin Milner
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Clara Toma
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sara Quon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Kyla Omilusik
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nicole E. Scharping
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Anup Dey
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Miguel Reina-Campos
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hongtuyet Nguyen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Adam J. Getzler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Huitian Diao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Bingfei Yu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Arnaud Delpoux
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tomomi M. Yoshida
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Deyao Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam Vincek
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Stephen M. Hedrick
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Takeshi Egawa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ming-Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Shane Crotty
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Keiko Ozato
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Matthew E. Pipkin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
| | - Ananda W. Goldrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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28
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Dijkgraaf FE, Kok L, Schumacher TNM. Formation of Tissue-Resident CD8 + T-Cell Memory. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a038117. [PMID: 33685935 PMCID: PMC8327830 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells permanently reside in nonlymphoid tissues where they act as a first line of defense against recurrent pathogens. How and when antigen-inexperienced CD8+ T cells differentiate into Trm has been a topic of major interest, as knowledge on how to steer this process may be exploited in the development of vaccines and anticancer therapies. Here, we first review the current understanding of the early signals that CD8+ T cells receive before they have entered the tissue and that govern their capacity to develop into tissue-resident memory T cells. Subsequently, we discuss the tissue-derived factors that promote Trm maturation in situ. Combined, these data sketch a model in which a subset of responding T cells develops a heightened capacity to respond to local cues present in the tissue microenvironment, which thereby imprints their ability to contribute to the tissue-resident memory CD8+ T-cell pool that provide local control against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feline E Dijkgraaf
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lianne Kok
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ton N M Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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29
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Single-cell epigenomic landscape of peripheral immune cells reveals establishment of trained immunity in individuals convalescing from COVID-19. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:620-630. [PMID: 34108657 PMCID: PMC9105401 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection often causes severe complications and even death. However, asymptomatic infection has also been reported, highlighting the difference in immune responses among individuals. Here we performed single-cell chromatin accessibility and T cell-receptor analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from individuals convalescing from COVID-19 and healthy donors. Chromatin remodelling was observed in both innate and adaptive immune cells in the individuals convalescing from COVID-19. Compared with healthy donors, recovered individuals contained abundant TBET-enriched CD16+ and IRF1-enriched CD14+ monocytes with sequential trained and activated epigenomic states. The B-cell lineage in recovered individuals exhibited an accelerated developmental programme from immature B cells to antibody-producing plasma cells. Finally, an integrated analysis of single-cell T cell-receptor clonality with the chromatin accessibility landscape revealed the expansion of putative SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells with epigenomic profiles that promote the differentiation of effector or memory cells. Overall, our data suggest that immune cells of individuals convalescing from COVID-19 exhibit global remodelling of the chromatin accessibility landscape, indicative of the establishment of immunological memory.
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30
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Qiu Z, Chu TH, Sheridan BS. TGF-β: Many Paths to CD103 + CD8 T Cell Residency. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050989. [PMID: 33922441 PMCID: PMC8145941 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells primarily reside in nonlymphoid tissues without recirculating and provide front-line protective immunity against infections and cancers. CD8 TRM cells can be generally divided into CD69+ CD103− TRM cells (referred to as CD103− TRM cells) and CD69+ CD103+ TRM cells (referred to as CD103+ TRM cells). TGF-β plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of CD103+ CD8 TRM cells. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of tissue-specific activation of TGF-β mediated by integrins and how it contributes to CD103+ CD8 TRM cell development and maintenance. Furthermore, we discuss the underlying mechanisms utilized by TGF-β to regulate the development and maintenance of CD103+ CD8 TRM cells. Overall, this review highlights the importance of TGF-β in regulating this unique subset of memory CD8 T cells that may shed light on improving vaccine design to target this population.
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31
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ElTanbouly MA, Noelle RJ. Rethinking peripheral T cell tolerance: checkpoints across a T cell's journey. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:257-267. [PMID: 33077935 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Following their exit from the thymus, T cells are endowed with potent effector functions but must spare host tissue from harm. The fate of these cells is dictated by a series of checkpoints that regulate the quality and magnitude of T cell-mediated immunity, known as tolerance checkpoints. In this Perspective, we discuss the mediators and networks that control the six main peripheral tolerance checkpoints throughout the life of a T cell: quiescence, ignorance, anergy, exhaustion, senescence and death. At the naive T cell stage, two intrinsic checkpoints that actively maintain tolerance are quiescence and ignorance. In the presence of co-stimulation-deficient T cell activation, anergy is a dominant hallmark that mandates T cell unresponsiveness. When T cells are successfully stimulated and reach the effector stage, exhaustion and senescence can limit excessive inflammation and prevent immunopathology. At every stage of the T cell's journey, cell death exists as a checkpoint to limit clonal expansion and to terminate unrestrained responses. Here, we compare and contrast the T cell tolerance checkpoints and discuss their specific roles, with the aim of providing an integrated view of T cell peripheral tolerance and fate regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A ElTanbouly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Randolph J Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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32
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Fluvastatin-Pretreated Donor Cells Attenuated Murine aGVHD by Balancing Effector T Cell Distribution and Function under the Regulation of KLF2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:7619849. [PMID: 33415155 PMCID: PMC7769635 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7619849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is still to be explored. Statins are potent immunomodulatory agents that hold promise as novel and safe agents for aGVHD prophylaxis, yet the controversial effect and regulatory mechanism are incompletely understood. Here, in an MHC mismatched murine model, we found that Fluvastatin-pretreated donor cells could attenuate aGVHD severity by remission tissue pathological injury. Fluvastatin served to restrain effector T cells entry into aGVHD target organs from secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). The potential mechanism of correcting the effector T cell biased distribution was that Fluvastatin elevated CD62L and CCR7 expression while decreased CXCR3 and CD44 levels, which were correlated with Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) sustention in donor-derived cells. In addition, Fluvastatin was contributed to reducing cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and granzyme-B production in allogeneic effector CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, evidence confirmed that Fluvastatin had a long-lasting effect to sustain KLF2 expression both in vitro and in vivo even under the stimulated circumstance. In conclusion, administration of Fluvastatin to donor mice showed protective effects against recipient aGVHD when compared to untreated mice due to the retention of effector T cells in lymphoid organs accompanying with reduction of nonlymphatic infiltration and related inflammatory cytokines.
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33
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Han J, Khatwani N, Searles TG, Turk MJ, Angeles CV. Memory CD8 + T cell responses to cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 49:101435. [PMID: 33272898 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived memory CD8+ T cells play important roles in tumor immunity. Studies over the past two decades have identified four subsets of memory CD8+ T cells - central, effector, stem-like, and tissue resident memory - that either circulate through blood, lymphoid and peripheral organs, or reside in tissues where cancers develop. In this article, we will review studies from both pre-clinical mouse models and human patients to summarize the phenotype, distribution and unique features of each memory subset, and highlight specific roles of each subset in anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, we will discuss how stem-cell like and resident memory CD8+ T cell subsets relate to exhausted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) populations. These studies reveal how memory CD8+ T cell subsets together orchestrate durable immunity to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Nikhil Khatwani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Tyler G Searles
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Christina V Angeles
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Miao R, Lim VY, Kothapalli N, Ma Y, Fossati J, Zehentmeier S, Sun R, Pereira JP. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niches and Signals Controlling Immune Cell Development and Maintenance of Immunological Memory. Front Immunol 2020; 11:600127. [PMID: 33324418 PMCID: PMC7726109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.600127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the last couple of decades have shown that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are critically dependent on cytokines such as Stem Cell Factor and other signals provided by bone marrow niches comprising of mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). Because of their critical roles in HSC maintenance the niches formed by MSPCs and ECs are commonly referred to as HSC niches. For the most part, the signals required for HSC maintenance act in a short-range manner, which imposes the necessity for directional and positional cues in order for HSCs to localize and be retained properly in stem cell niches. The chemokine CXCL12 and its Gαi protein coupled receptor CXCR4, besides promoting HSC quiescence directly, also play instrumental roles in enabling HSCs to access bone marrow stem cell niches. Recent studies have revealed, however, that HSC niches also provide a constellation of hematopoietic cytokines that are critical for the production of most, if not all, blood cell types. Some hematopoietic cytokines, namely IL-7 and IL-15 produced by HSC niches, are not only required for lymphopoiesis but are also essential for memory T cell maintenance. Consequently, hematopoietic progenitors and differentiated immune cells, such as memory T cell subsets, also depend on the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis for migration into bone marrow and interactions with MSPCs and ECs. Similarly, subsets of antibody-secreting plasma cells also reside in close association with CXCL12-producing MSPCs in the bone marrow and require the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis for survival and long-term maintenance. Collectively, these studies demonstrate a broad range of key physiological roles, spanning blood cell production and maintenance of immunological memory, that are orchestrated by stem cell niches through a common and simple mechanism: CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated cell recruitment followed by receipt of a maintenance and/or instructive signal. A fundamental flaw of this type of cellular organization is revealed by myeloid and lymphoid leukemias, which target stem cell niches and induce profound transcriptomic changes that result in reduced hematopoietic activity and altered mesenchymal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Miao
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Vivian Y Lim
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Neeharika Kothapalli
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yifan Ma
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Julia Fossati
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sandra Zehentmeier
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ruifeng Sun
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - João P Pereira
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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35
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Wei Z, Du Q, Li P, Liu H, Xia M, Chen Y, Bi G, Tang ZH, Cheng X, Lu Y, He R, Laurence A, Wang J, Huang L, Li H, Yang XP. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) controls CD8 + T cell activation, trafficking, and antitumor activity. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21138. [PMID: 33184932 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903067rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate migration of cytotoxic T effector cells into the tumors is crucial for their antitumor function. Despite the controversial role of PI3K-Akt in CD8+ T cell mTORC1 activation, a link between Akt-mTORC1 signaling and CD8+ trafficking has been demonstrated. We have recently discovered that TCR-induced calcineurin activates DAPK1, which interacts with TSC2 via its death domain and phosphorylates TSC2 via its kinase domain to mediate mTORC1 activation in CD8+ T cells. However, whether DAPK1 regulates CD8+ trafficking into tumors remains unclear. Here, using pharmacological inhibitor and genetic approaches, we found that like rapamycin, inhibition of DAPK1 activity led to enhanced expression of the homing receptors CD62L and CCR7. Deletion of either kinase domain or death domain in the T cell compartment reduced the T cell activation and maintained the expression of CD62L and CCR7. DAPK1-DD-deficient mice were more susceptible to tumor growth and deficiency of DAPK1 activity significantly reduced the migratory ability of CD8+ into the tumors. These data revealed a crucial role of DAPK1-mTORC1 in mediating CD8+ trafficking and antitumor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Wei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuyang Du
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingfei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Immunology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Huicheng Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghui Xia
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoyu Bi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Tang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Arian Laurence
- Department of Haematology, University College London, Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye-Ear-Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Ping Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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36
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Shen H, Gu C, Liang T, Liu H, Guo F, Liu X. Unveiling the heterogeneity of NKT cells in the liver through single cell RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19453. [PMID: 33173202 PMCID: PMC7655820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-dependent type I NKT cells, which are activated by lipid antigen, are known to play important roles in innate and adaptive immunity, as are a portion of type II NKT cells. However, the heterogeneity of NKT cells, especially NKT-like cells, remains largely unknown. Here, we report the profiling of NKT (NK1.1+CD3e+) cells in livers from wild type (WT), Jα18-deficient and CD1d-deficient mice by single-cell RNA sequencing. Unbiased transcriptional clustering revealed distinct cell subsets. The transcriptomic profiles identified the well-known CD1d-dependent NKT cells and defined two CD1d-independent NKT cell subsets. In addition, validation of marker genes revealed the differential organ distribution and landscape of NKT cell subsets during liver tumor progression. More importantly, we found that CD1d-independent Sca-1−CD62L+ NKT cells showed a strong ability to secrete IFN-γ after costimulation with IL-2, IL-12 and IL-18 in vitro. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive characterization of NKT cell heterogeneity and unveil a previously undefined functional NKT cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chan Gu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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37
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Parga-Vidal L, van Gisbergen KPJM. Area under Immunosurveillance: Dedicated Roles of Memory CD8 T-Cell Subsets. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037796. [PMID: 32839203 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory, defined as the ability to respond in an enhanced manner upon secondary encounter with the same pathogen, can provide substantial protection against infectious disease. The improved protection is mediated in part by different populations of memory CD8 T cells that are retained after primary infection. Memory cells persist in the absence of pathogen-derived antigens and enable secondary CD8 T-cell responses with accelerated kinetics and of larger magnitude after reencounter with the same pathogen. At least three subsets of memory T cells have been defined that are referred to as central memory CD8 T cells (Tcm), effector memory CD8 T cells (Tem), and tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (Trm). Tcm and Tem are circulating memory T cells that mediate bodywide immune surveillance in search of invading pathogens. In contrast, Trm permanently reside in peripheral barrier tissues, where they form a stationary defensive line of sentinels that alert the immune system upon pathogen reencounter. The characterization of these different subsets has been instrumental in our understanding of the strategies that memory T cells employ to counter invading pathogens. It is clear that memory T cells not only have a numerical advantage over naive T cells resulting in improved protection in secondary responses, but also acquire distinct sets of competencies that assist in pathogen clearance. Nevertheless, inherent challenges are associated with the allocation of memory T cells to a limited number of subsets. The classification of memory T cells into Tcm, Tem, and Trm may not take into account the full extent of the heterogeneity that is observed in the memory population. Therefore, in this review, we will revisit the current classification of memory subsets, elaborate on functional and migratory properties attributed to Tcm, Tem, and Trm, and discuss how potential heterogeneity within these populations arises and persists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Zhu LM, Zeng D, Lei XC, Huang J, Deng YF, Ji YB, Liu J, Dai FF, Li YZ, Shi DD, Zhu YQ, Dai AG, Wang Z. KLF2 regulates neutrophil migration by modulating CXCR1 and CXCR2 in asthma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165920. [PMID: 32800946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key inflammatory cells in the immunopathogenesis of asthma. Neutrophil migration can be initiated through activation of the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors by CXC chemokines, such as IL-8. Although transcription factor KLF2 has been found to maintain T cell migration patterns through repression of several chemokine receptors, whether KLF2 can regulate neutrophil migration via modulation of CXCR1 and CXCR2 is unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the functions of KLF2, CXCR1 and CXCR2 in neutrophil migration in asthma and to establish a regulatory role of KLF2 for CXCR1/2. We demonstrate that with asthma aggravation, the percentages and migration rates of peripheral blood neutrophils gradually increased in asthmatic patients and the guinea pig asthma model. Correspondingly, both the KLF2 mRNA and protein levels in neutrophils were gradually reduced. While CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression was negatively correlated with KLF2. In vitro knockdown of KLF2 dramatically increased the migration of HL-60-drived neutrophil-like cells, which was accompanied by an increase in the CXCR1 and CXCR2 mRNA and protein expression levels. Taken together, our results indicate that decreased KLF2 aggravates asthma progression by promoting neutrophil migration, which is associated with the transcriptional upregulation of CXCR1 and CXCR2. The KLF2 and/or CXCR1/2 expression levels may represent an indicator of asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China; Institute of Respiratory Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China.
| | - Dan Zeng
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China
| | - Xue-Chun Lei
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China
| | - Yan-Feng Deng
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China
| | - Yu-Bin Ji
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fang-Fang Dai
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Li
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shi
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410016, China
| | - Ying-Qun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410015, China
| | - Ai-Guo Dai
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Changsha medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology of Chinese Minisitry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South Universeity, Changsha 410008, China.
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39
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Huang H, Long L, Zhou P, Chapman NM, Chi H. mTOR signaling at the crossroads of environmental signals and T-cell fate decisions. Immunol Rev 2020; 295:15-38. [PMID: 32212344 PMCID: PMC8101438 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) forms the distinct protein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 and integrates signals from the environment to coordinate downstream signaling events and various cellular processes. T cells rely on mTOR activity for their development and to establish their homeostasis and functional fitness. Here, we review recent progress in our understanding of the upstream signaling and downstream targets of mTOR. We also provide an updated overview of the roles of mTOR in T-cell development, homeostasis, activation, and effector-cell fate decisions, as well as its important impacts on the suppressive activity of regulatory T cells. Moreover, we summarize the emerging roles of mTOR in T-cell exhaustion and transdifferentiation. A better understanding of the contribution of mTOR to T-cell fate decisions will ultimately aid in the therapeutic targeting of mTOR in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lingyun Long
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Peipei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Nicole M. Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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40
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Abstract
The signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays critical roles in an immune response. Drugs targeting S1P signaling have been remarkably successful in treatment of multiple sclerosis, and they have shown promise in clinical trials for colitis and psoriasis. One mechanism of these drugs is to block lymphocyte exit from lymph nodes, where lymphocytes are initially activated, into circulation, from which lymphocytes can reach sites of inflammation. Indeed, S1P can be considered a circulation marker, signaling to immune cells to help them find blood and lymphatic vessels, and to endothelial cells to stabilize the vasculature. That said, S1P plays pleiotropic roles in the immune response, and it will be important to build an integrated view of how S1P shapes inflammation. S1P can function so effectively because its distribution is exquisitely tightly controlled. Here we review how S1P gradients regulate immune cell exit from tissues, with particular attention to key outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey A.L. Baeyens
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;,
| | - Susan R. Schwab
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;,
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41
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Vokali E, Yu SS, Hirosue S, Rinçon-Restrepo M, V Duraes F, Scherer S, Corthésy-Henrioud P, Kilarski WW, Mondino A, Zehn D, Hugues S, Swartz MA. Lymphatic endothelial cells prime naïve CD8 + T cells into memory cells under steady-state conditions. Nat Commun 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 31988323 PMCID: PMC6985113 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) chemoattract naïve T cells and promote their survival in the lymph nodes, and can cross-present antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells to drive their proliferation despite lacking key costimulatory molecules. However, the functional consequence of LEC priming of CD8+ T cells is unknown. Here, we show that while many proliferating LEC-educated T cells enter early apoptosis, the remainders comprise a long-lived memory subset, with transcriptional, metabolic, and phenotypic features of central memory and stem cell-like memory T cells. In vivo, these memory cells preferentially home to lymph nodes and display rapid proliferation and effector differentiation following memory recall, and can protect mice against a subsequent bacterial infection. These findings introduce a new immunomodulatory role for LECs in directly generating a memory-like subset of quiescent yet antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells that are long-lived and can rapidly differentiate into effector cells upon inflammatory antigenic challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Vokali
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shann S Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachiko Hirosue
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Rinçon-Restrepo
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda V Duraes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Witold W Kilarski
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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42
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Eckert N, Permanyer M, Yu K, Werth K, Förster R. Chemokines and other mediators in the development and functional organization of lymph nodes. Immunol Rev 2020; 289:62-83. [PMID: 30977201 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes (LNs) are the main inductive sites for adaptive immune responses. Lymphocytes are constantly entering LNs, scanning the environment for their cognate antigen and get replenished by incoming cells after a certain period of time. As only a minor percentage of lymphocytes recognizes cognate antigen, this mechanism of permanent recirculation ensures fast and effective immune responses when necessary. Thus, homing, positioning, and activation as well as egress require precise regulation within LNs. In this review we discuss the mediators, including chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and others that are involved in the formation of the LN anlage and subsequent functional organization of LNs. We highlight very recent findings in the fields of LN development, steady-state migration in LNs, and the intranodal processes during an adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Eckert
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marc Permanyer
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Yu
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kathrin Werth
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhold Förster
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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43
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Welten SPM, Sandu I, Baumann NS, Oxenius A. Memory CD8 T cell inflation vs tissue-resident memory T cells: Same patrollers, same controllers? Immunol Rev 2019; 283:161-175. [PMID: 29664565 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The induction of long-lived populations of memory T cells residing in peripheral tissues is of considerable interest for T cell-based vaccines, as they can execute immediate effector functions and thus provide protection in case of pathogen encounter at mucosal and barrier sites. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccines support the induction and accumulation of a large population of effector memory CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues, in a process called memory inflation. Tissue-resident memory (TRM ) T cells, induced by various infections and vaccination regimens, constitute another subset of memory cells that take long-term residence in peripheral tissues. Both memory T cell subsets have evoked substantial interest in exploitation for vaccine purposes. However, a direct comparison between these two peripheral tissue-localizing memory T cell subsets with respect to their short- and long-term ability to provide protection against heterologous challenge is pending. Here, we discuss communalities and differences between TRM and inflationary CD8 T cells with respect to their development, maintenance, function, and protective capacity. In addition, we discuss differences and similarities between the transcriptional profiles of TRM and inflationary T cells, supporting the notion that they are distinct memory T cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne P M Welten
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Sandu
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas S Baumann
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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44
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Feucht J, Sun J, Eyquem J, Ho YJ, Zhao Z, Leibold J, Dobrin A, Cabriolu A, Hamieh M, Sadelain M. Calibration of CAR activation potential directs alternative T cell fates and therapeutic potency. Nat Med 2018; 25:82-88. [PMID: 30559421 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic receptors that target and reprogram T cells to acquire augmented antitumor properties1. CD19-specific CARs that comprise CD28 and CD3ζ signaling motifs2 have induced remarkable responses in patients with refractory leukemia3-5 and lymphoma6 and were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration7. These CARs program highly performing effector functions that mediate potent tumor elimination4,8 despite the limited persistence they confer on T cells3-6,8. Extending their functional persistence without compromising their potency should improve current CAR therapies. Strong T cell activation drives exhaustion9,10, which may be accentuated by the redundancy of CD28 and CD3ζ signaling11,12 as well as the spatiotemporal constraints imparted by the structure of second-generation CARs2. Thus, we hypothesized that calibrating the activation potential of CD28-based CARs would differentially reprogram T cell function and differentiation. Here, we show that CARs encoding a single immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif direct T cells to different fates by balancing effector and memory programs, thereby yielding CAR designs with enhanced therapeutic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Feucht
- Center for Cell Engineering and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Center for Cell Engineering and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University & Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Zhejing, China
| | - Justin Eyquem
- Center for Cell Engineering and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zeguo Zhao
- Center for Cell Engineering and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josef Leibold
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anton Dobrin
- Center for Cell Engineering and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annalisa Cabriolu
- Center for Cell Engineering and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohamad Hamieh
- Center for Cell Engineering and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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45
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Yu D, Ye L. A Portrait of CXCR5 + Follicular Cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:965-979. [PMID: 30377045 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells differentiate into multiple effector and memory subsets to carry out immune clearance of infected and cancerous cells and provide long-term protection. Recent research identified a CXCR5+Tcf1+Tim-3- subset that localizes in, or proximal to, B cell follicles in secondary lymphoid organs of mice, non-human primates, and humans, hereby termed follicular cytotoxic T (TFC) cells. With remarkable similarity to follicular helper T (TFH) cells, TFC differentiation is dependent on transcription factors E2A, Bcl6, and Tcf1, but inhibited by other regulators, including Blimp1, Id2, and Id3. This review summarizes the phenotype, function, and differentiation of this new subset. Owing to its follicular location and self-renewal capability, we propose immunotherapeutic strategies to target TFC cells to potentially treat certain cancers and chronic infections such as HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia; Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, China; China-Australia Centre for Personalised Immunology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lilin Ye
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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46
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Melsen JE, Lugthart G, Vervat C, Kielbasa SM, van der Zeeuw SAJ, Buermans HPJ, van Ostaijen-Ten Dam MM, Lankester AC, Schilham MW. Human Bone Marrow-Resident Natural Killer Cells Have a Unique Transcriptional Profile and Resemble Resident Memory CD8 + T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1829. [PMID: 30186282 PMCID: PMC6113396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lymphoid tissues harbor, in addition to CD56bright and CD56dim natural killer (NK) cells, a third NK cell population: CD69+CXCR6+ lymphoid tissue (lt)NK cells. The function and development of ltNK cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing on the three NK cell populations derived from bone marrow (BM) and blood. In ltNK cells, 1,353 genes were differentially expressed compared to circulating NK cells. Several molecules involved in migration were downregulated in ltNK cells: S1PR1, SELPLG and CD62L. By flow cytometry we confirmed that the expression profile of adhesion molecules (CD49e−, CD29low, CD81high, CD62L−, CD11c−) and transcription factors (Eomeshigh, Tbetlow) of ltNK cells differed from their circulating counterparts. LtNK cells were characterized by enhanced expression of inhibitory receptors TIGIT and CD96 and low expression of DNAM1 and cytolytic molecules (GZMB, GZMH, GNLY). Their proliferative capacity was reduced compared to the circulating NK cells. By performing gene set enrichment analysis, we identified DUSP6 and EGR2 as potential regulators of the ltNK cell transcriptome. Remarkably, comparison of the ltNK cell transcriptome to the published human spleen-resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cell transcriptome revealed an overlapping gene signature. Moreover, the phenotypic profile of ltNK cells resembled that of CD8+ Trm cells in BM. Together, we provide transcriptional and phenotypic data that clearly distinguish ltNK cells from both the CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells and substantiate the view that ltNK cells are tissue-resident cells, which are functionally restrained in killing and have low proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine E Melsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Lugthart
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Carly Vervat
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Szymon M Kielbasa
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Henk P J Buermans
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Arjan C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marco W Schilham
- Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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47
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Behr FM, Chuwonpad A, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Armed and Ready: Transcriptional Regulation of Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1770. [PMID: 30131803 PMCID: PMC6090154 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental benefit of immunological memory is the ability to respond in an enhanced manner upon secondary encounter with the same pathogen. Tissue-resident memory CD8 T (TRM) cells contribute to improved protection against reinfection through the generation of immediate effector responses at the site of pathogen entry. Key to the potential of TRM cells to develop rapid recall responses is their location within the epithelia of the skin, lungs, and intestines at prime entry sites of pathogens. TRM cells are among the first immune cells to respond to pathogens that have been previously encountered in an antigen-specific manner. Upon recognition of invading pathogens, TRM cells release IFN-γ and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These effector molecules activate the surrounding epithelial tissue and recruit other immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and circulating memory CD8 T cells to the site of infection. The repertoire of TRM effector functions also includes the direct lysis of infected cells through the release of cytotoxic molecules such as perforin and granzymes. The mechanisms enabling TRM cells to respond in such a rapid manner are gradually being uncovered. In this review, we will address the signals that instruct TRM generation and maintenance as well as the underlying transcriptional network that keeps TRM cells in a deployment-ready modus. Furthermore, we will discuss how TRM cells respond to reinfection of the tissue and how transcription factors may control immediate and proliferative TRM responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ammarina Chuwonpad
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC/UvA, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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48
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Aili A, Zhang J, Wu J, Wu H, Sun X, He Q, Jin R, Zhang Y. CCR2 Signal Facilitates Thymic Egress by Priming Thymocyte Responses to Sphingosine-1-Phosphate. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1263. [PMID: 29930553 PMCID: PMC6001116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal mediated by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) is essential but seemingly insufficient for thymic export of newly generated T cells. Here, we reported the identification of CCR2 as an additional regulator of this process. CCR2 showed a markedly increased expression in the most mature subset of single-positive (SP) thymocytes. Its deficiency led to a reduction of recent thymic emigrants in the periphery and a simultaneous accumulation of mature SP cells in the thymus. The CCR2 signaling promoted thymic emigration primarily through modulating the chemotactic responses to S1P1 engagement. On the one hand, the chemokinesis induced by CCR2 activation endowed thymocytes with enhanced capacity to respond to S1P-induced migration. On the other hand, CCR2 signaling through Stat3 augmented forkhead box O1 activity, leading to increased expression of S1P1. Taken together, the present study highlights a unique and novel function of CCR2 signaling in the regulation of thymic egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudureyimujiang Aili
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Haoming Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qihua He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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49
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Sanecka A, Yoshida N, Kolawole EM, Patel H, Evavold BD, Frickel EM. T Cell Receptor-Major Histocompatibility Complex Interaction Strength Defines Trafficking and CD103 + Memory Status of CD8 T Cells in the Brain. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1290. [PMID: 29922298 PMCID: PMC5996069 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor–major histocompatibility complex (TCR–MHC) affinities span a wide range in a polyclonal T cell response, yet it is undefined how affinity shapes long-term properties of CD8 T cells during chronic infection with persistent antigen. Here, we investigate how the affinity of the TCR–MHC interaction shapes the phenotype of memory CD8 T cells in the chronically Toxoplasma gondii-infected brain. We employed CD8 T cells from three lines of transnuclear (TN) mice that harbor in their endogenous loci different T cell receptors specific for the same Toxoplasma antigenic epitope ROP7. The three TN CD8 T cell clones span a wide range of affinities to MHCI–ROP7. These three CD8 T cell clones have a distinct and fixed hierarchy in terms of effector function in response to the antigen measured as proliferation capacity, trafficking, T cell maintenance, and memory formation. In particular, the T cell clone of lowest affinity does not home to the brain. The two higher affinity T cell clones show differences in establishing resident-like memory populations (CD103+) in the brain with the higher affinity clone persisting longer in the host during chronic infection. Transcriptional profiling of naïve and activated ROP7-specific CD8 T cells revealed that Klf2 encoding a transcription factor that is known to be a negative marker for T cell trafficking is upregulated in the activated lowest affinity ROP7 clone. Our data thus suggest that TCR–MHC affinity dictates memory CD8 T cell fate at the site of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sanecka
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nagisa Yoshida
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Motunrayo Kolawole
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Harshil Patel
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D Evavold
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva-Maria Frickel
- Host-Toxoplasma Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Luo CT, Li MO. Foxo transcription factors in T cell biology and tumor immunity. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 50:13-20. [PMID: 29684436 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionally conserved forkhead box O (Foxo) family of transcription factors is pivotal in the control of nutrient sensing and stress responses. Recent studies have revealed that the Foxo proteins have been rewired to regulate highly specialized T cell activities. Here, we review the latest advances in the understanding of how Foxo transcription factors control T cell biology, including T cell trafficking, naive T cell homeostasis, effector and memory responses, as well as the differentiation and function of regulatory T cells. We also discuss the emerging evidence on Foxo-mediated regulation in antitumor immunity. Future work will further explore how the Foxo-dependent programs in T cells can be exploited for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong T Luo
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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