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Mendonça F, Soares P, Moreno T, Freitas P, Rodrigues I, Festas D, Pedro J, Varela A, Fernandes A, Fernandes R, Soares R, Costa EL, Luís C. Distinguishing health-related parameters between metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obesity in women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1027-1035. [PMID: 38605208 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity represents a global health crisis, yet a dichotomy is emerging with classification according to the metabolic state into metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). This study aimed to identify distinctive systemic clinical/endocrinological parameters between MHO individuals, employing a comprehensive comparative analysis of 50 biomarkers. Our emphasis was on routine analytes, ensuring cost-effectiveness for widespread use in diagnosing metabolic health. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study included 182 women diagnosed with obesity referred for bariatric surgery at the Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Service of São João Hospital and University Centre in Portugal. MUO was defined by the presence of at least one of the following metabolic disorders: diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. Patients were stratified based on the diagnosis of these pathologies. RESULTS Significantly divergent health-related parameters were observed between MHO and MUO patients. Notable differences included: albumin (40.1 ± 2.2 vs 40,98 ± 2.6 g/L, p value = 0.017), triglycerides (110.7 ± 51.1 vs 137.57 ± 82.6 mg/dL, p value = 0.008), glucose (99.49 ± 13.0 vs 119.17 ± 38.9 mg/dL, p value < 0.001), glycated hemoglobin (5.58 ± 0.4 vs 6.15 ± 1.0%, p value < 0.001), urea (31.40 ± 10.0 vs 34.61 ± 10.2 mg/dL, p value = 0.014), total calcium (4.64 ± 0.15 vs 4.74 ± 0.17 mEq/L, 1 mEq/L = 1 mg/L, p value < 0.001), ferritin (100.04 ± 129.1 vs 128.55 ± 102.1 ng/mL, p value = 0.005), chloride (104.68 ± 1.5 vs 103.04 ± 2.6 mEq/L, p value < 0.001), prolactin (13.57 ± 6.3 vs 12.47 ± 7.1 ng/mL, p value = 0.041), insulin (20.36 ± 24.4 vs 23.87 ± 19.6 μU/mL, p value = 0.021), c peptide (3.78 ± 1.8 vs 4.28 ± 1.7 ng/mL, p value = 0.003), albumin/creatinine ratio (15.41 ± 31.0 vs 48.12 ± 158.7 mg/g creatinine, p value = 0.015), and whole-body mineral density (1.27 ± 0.1 vs 1.23 ± 0.1 g/cm2, p value = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight potential additional parameters that should be taken into consideration alongside the commonly used biomarkers for classifying metabolic health in women. These include albumin, urea, total calcium, ferritin, chloride, prolactin, c-peptide, albumin-creatinine ratio, and whole-body mineral density. Moreover, our results also suggest that MHO may represent a transitional phase preceding the development of the MUO phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mendonça
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CRIO group-Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Obesidade, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pietra Soares
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Telma Moreno
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Freitas
- CRIO group-Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Obesidade, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Rodrigues
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Festas
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CRIO group-Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Obesidade, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Pedro
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CRIO group-Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Obesidade, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Varela
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Service, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- CRIO group-Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Obesidade, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Fernando Pessoa Hospital-School (FCS/HEFP/UFP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Lima Costa
- CRIO group-Centro de Responsabilidade Integrado de Obesidade, São João Hospital and University Centre, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Luís
- Biochemistry Unit, Biomedicine Department, FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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Arto C, Rusu EC, Clavero-Mestres H, Barrientos-Riosalido A, Bertran L, Mahmoudian R, Aguilar C, Riesco D, Chicote JU, Parada D, Martínez S, Sabench F, Richart C, Auguet T. Metabolic profiling of tryptophan pathways: Implications for obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14279. [PMID: 38940215 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The rise in obesity highlights the need for improved therapeutic strategies, particularly in addressing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). We aim to assess the role of tryptophan metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of obesity and in the different histological stages of MASLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography to quantify circulating levels of 15 tryptophan-related metabolites from the kynurenine, indole and serotonin pathways. A cohort of 76 subjects was analysed, comprising 18 subjects with normal weight and 58 with morbid obesity, these last being subclassified into normal liver (NL), simple steatosis (SS) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Then, we conducted gene expression analysis of hepatic IDO-1 and kynyrenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO). RESULTS Key findings in obesity revealed a distinct metabolic signature characterized by a higher concentration of different kynurenine-related metabolites, a decrease in indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-propionic acid, and an alteration in the serotonin pathway. Elevated tryptophan levels were associated with MASLD presence (37.659 (32.577-39.823) μM of tryptophan in NL subjects; 41.522 (38.803-45.276) μM in patients with MASLD). Overall, pathway fluxes demonstrated an induction of tryptophan catabolism via the serotonin pathway in SS subjects and into the kynurenine pathway in MASH. We found decreased IDO-1 and KMO hepatic expression in NL compared to SS. CONCLUSIONS We identified a distinctive metabolic signature in obesity marked by changes in tryptophan catabolic pathways, discernible through altered metabolite profiles. We observed stage-specific alterations in tryptophan catabolism fluxes in MASLD, highlighting the potential utility of targeting these pathways in therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Arto
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Sant Pau i Santa Tecla de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elena Cristina Rusu
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Helena Clavero-Mestres
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andrea Barrientos-Riosalido
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Bertran
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Razieh Mahmoudian
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Riesco
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier Ugarte Chicote
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Parada
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Salomé Martínez
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Servei de Cirurgia, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, URV, IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)-Medicina Aplicada (URV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
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Bertran L, Capellades J, Abelló S, Aguilar C, Auguet T, Richart C. Untargeted lipidomics analysis in women with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303569. [PMID: 38743756 PMCID: PMC11093320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a phenotype of obese individuals termed metabolically healthy obese that present a reduced cardiometabolic risk. This phenotype offers a valuable model for investigating the mechanisms connecting obesity and metabolic alterations such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Previously, in an untargeted metabolomics analysis in a cohort of morbidly obese women, we observed a different lipid metabolite pattern between metabolically healthy morbid obese individuals and those with associated T2DM. To validate these findings, we have performed a complementary study of lipidomics. In this study, we assessed a liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer untargeted lipidomic analysis on serum samples from 209 women, 73 normal-weight women (control group) and 136 morbid obese women. From those, 65 metabolically healthy morbid obese and 71 with associated T2DM. In this work, we find elevated levels of ceramides, sphingomyelins, diacyl and triacylglycerols, fatty acids, and phosphoethanolamines in morbid obese vs normal weight. Conversely, decreased levels of acylcarnitines, bile acids, lyso-phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylinositols, and phosphoethanolamine PE (O-38:4) were noted. Furthermore, comparing morbid obese women with T2DM vs metabolically healthy MO, a distinct lipid profile emerged, featuring increased levels of metabolites: deoxycholic acid, diacylglycerol DG (36:2), triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphoethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, and lyso-phosphatidylinositol LPI (16:0). To conclude, analysing both comparatives, we observed decreased levels of deoxycholic acid, PC (34:3), and PE (O-38:4) in morbid obese women vs normal-weight. Conversely, we found elevated levels of these lipids in morbid obese women with T2DM vs metabolically healthy MO. These profiles of metabolites could be explored for the research as potential markers of metabolic risk of T2DM in morbid obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bertran
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Capellades
- Department of Electronic, Electric and Automatic Engineering, Higher Technical School of Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Abelló
- Scientific and Technical Service, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Study Group on Metabolic Diseases Associated with Insulin-Resistance (GEMMAIR), Rovira i Virgili University, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, IISPV, Tarragona, Spain
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Rinaldi R, De Nucci S, Donghia R, Donvito R, Cerabino N, Di Chito M, Penza A, Mongelli FP, Shahini E, Zappimbulso M, Pesole PL, Coletta S, Triggiani V, Cozzolongo R, Giannelli G, De Pergola G. Gender Differences in Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis in Overweight and Obese Patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease before and after 8 Weeks of Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:1408. [PMID: 38794646 PMCID: PMC11123918 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are linked to steatotic liver disease (SLD), the most common form of chronic liver disease. Lifestyle modifications and dieting are strategies that can prevent metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) is a helpful treatment for MASLD and has been recommended for people affected by obesity; we evaluated the effect of gender on steatosis and fibrosis in a cohort of 112 overweight or obese patients undergoing an eight-week treatment with a VLCKD. Differences between the genders in terms of anthropometric measures, body composition, and metabolic indicators were examined before, during, and after the nutritional intervention. At baseline, there were significant differences between men and women in terms of anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting insulin, hepatic markers, and lipid profile. Men had considerably higher levels of liver steatosis (measured by CAP) and liver stiffness (measured by E) under basal conditions than women. After the VLCKD, there were reductions in both genders of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, fat mass (FM), free fat mass (FFM), and fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γGT), and uric acid levels. Only in men, liver stiffness, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels significantly decreased. Moreover, men had significantly greater levels of liver steatosis: the male gender featured an increase of 23.96 points of the Fibroscan CAP. Men exhibited higher levels of steatosis and fibrosis than women, and these differences persist despite VLCKD. These gender-specific variations in steatosis and fibrosis levels could be caused by hormonal and metabolic factors, suggesting that different therapeutic strategies might be required depending on the gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rinaldi
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (R.D.); (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.); (F.P.M.)
| | - Sara De Nucci
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (R.D.); (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.); (F.P.M.)
| | - Rossella Donghia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Statistics, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Donvito
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (R.D.); (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.); (F.P.M.)
| | - Nicole Cerabino
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (R.D.); (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.); (F.P.M.)
| | - Martina Di Chito
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (R.D.); (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.); (F.P.M.)
| | - Alice Penza
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (R.D.); (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.); (F.P.M.)
| | - Francesco Pio Mongelli
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (R.D.); (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.); (F.P.M.)
| | - Endrit Shahini
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (E.S.); (M.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Marianna Zappimbulso
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (E.S.); (M.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Pasqua Letizia Pesole
- Core Facility Biobank, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Sergio Coletta
- Core Facility Biobank, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (P.L.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Triggiani
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Cozzolongo
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (E.S.); (M.Z.); (R.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology “Saverio de Bellis”, IRCCS Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- Center of Nutrition for the Research and the Care of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, National Institute of Gastroenterology IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (R.R.); (S.D.N.); (R.D.); (N.C.); (M.D.C.); (A.P.); (F.P.M.)
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Lobato S, Castillo-Granada AL, Bucio-Pacheco M, Salomón-Soto VM, Álvarez-Valenzuela R, Meza-Inostroza PM, Villegas-Vizcaíno R. PM 2.5, component cause of severe metabolically abnormal obesity: An in silico, observational and analytical study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28936. [PMID: 38601536 PMCID: PMC11004224 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently one of the most alarming pathological conditions due to the progressive increase in its prevalence. In the last decade, it has been associated with fine particulate matter suspended in the air (PM2.5). The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanistic interaction of PM2.5 with a high-fat diet (HFD) through the differential regulation of transcriptional signatures, aiming to identify the association of these particles with metabolically abnormal obesity. The research design was observational, using bioinformatic methods and an explanatory approach based on Rothman's causal model. We propose three new transcriptional signatures in murine adipose tissue. The sum of transcriptional differences between the group exposed to an HFD and PM2.5, compared to the control group, were 0.851, 0.265, and -0.047 (p > 0.05). The HFD group increased body mass by 20% with two positive biomarkers of metabolic impact. The group exposed to PM2.5 maintained a similar weight to the control group but exhibited three positive biomarkers. Enriched biological pathways (p < 0.05) included PPAR signaling, small molecule transport, adipogenesis genes, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and HIF-1 signaling. Transcriptional regulation predictions revealed CpG islands and common transcription factors. We propose three new transcriptional signatures: FAT-PM2.5-CEJUS, FAT-PM2.5-UP, and FAT-PM2.5-DN, whose transcriptional regulation profile in adipocytes was statistically similar by dietary intake and HFD and exposure to PM2.5 in mice; suggesting a mechanistic interaction between both factors. However, HFD-exposed murines developed moderate metabolically abnormal obesity, and PM2.5-exposed murines developed severe abnormal metabolism without obesity. Therefore, in Rothman's terms, it is concluded that HFD is a sufficient cause of the development of obesity, and PM2.5 is a component cause of severe abnormal metabolism of obesity. These signatures would be integrated into a systemic biological process that would induce transcriptional regulation in trans, activating obesogenic biological pathways, restricting lipid mobilization pathways, decreasing adaptive thermogenesis and angiogenesis, and altering vascular tone thus inducing a severe metabolically abnormal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagrario Lobato
- Departamento de Investigación en Salud, Servicios de Salud del Estado de Puebla, 15 South Street 302, Puebla, Mexico
- Promoción y Educación para la Salud, Universidad Abierta y a Distancia de México. Universidad Avenue 1200, 1st Floor, quadrant 1-2, Xoco, Benito Juarez, 03330, Mexico City, Mexico
- Educación Superior, Centro de Estudios, “Justo Sierra”, Surutato, Badiraguato, Mexico
| | - A. Lourdes Castillo-Granada
- Educación Superior, Centro de Estudios, “Justo Sierra”, Surutato, Badiraguato, Mexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Guelatao Avenue 66, Ejército de Oriente Indeco II ISSSTE, Iztapalapa, 09230, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos Bucio-Pacheco
- Educación Superior, Centro de Estudios, “Justo Sierra”, Surutato, Badiraguato, Mexico
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Americas Avenue, Universitarios Blvd., University City, 80040, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico
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Li T, Liang M, Luo J, Peng X. Metabolites of Clostridium leptum fermenting flaxseed polysaccharide alleviate obesity in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:129907. [PMID: 38325691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease. Our previous research found flaxseed polysaccharide (FP) has an anti-obesity effect, and its anti-obesity effect possibly depends on Clostridium leptum (C. leptum). However, whether the strain takes the role and how it works is still being determined. Here, FP was fermented in vitro by C. leptum and its metabolites were analyzed. Subsequently, the FP fermentation broth of C. leptum (FPF) was given to the obese pseudo sterile rats. The results showed FPF was rich in various metabolites, among which the top ten in relative expression abundance were 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholestenoate, 7,8-dihydro-3b,6a-dihydroxy-alpha-ionol 9-glucoside, Valyl-Serine, 2-amino-4-[(2-hydroxy-1-oxopropyl)amino]butanoic acid, Agavoside B, glycylproline, lycopersiconolide, armillaritin, Isoleucyl-Hydroxyproline and norethindrone acetate. After intervention with FPF, the weight, abdominal fat ratio, and total fat ratio of rats were significantly reduced and the lipid metabolism of them has been improved. This effect may be achieved by up regulating glucagon-like peptide-1 and adiponectin and further activating the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. This is the first experimental proof that FP exerts its anti-obesity effects through metabolites from C. leptum fermenting FP, not FP itself and the bacterial cells (debris) of C. leptum. It is also the first demonstration that FPF has a significant anti-obesity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Minjian Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Jianming Luo
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
| | - Xichun Peng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
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Almalki S, Tamur S, Alzahrani A, Aljaid MS, Shams A, Alayli M, Alrabie A, Khayat AM. Mothers' Awareness of Obesity and Its Complications Among Children in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e57505. [PMID: 38577168 PMCID: PMC10993094 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Awareness about obesity, its complications, and an age-appropriate, healthy, active lifestyle are essential to maintaining a healthy life. This study aimed to determine the level of awareness Saudi Arabian caregivers have regarding obesity and regular physical activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a survey was conducted among parents in Saudi Arabia using a structured questionnaire. A convenience and snowball sampling method was employed to recruit participants from various regions of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire assessed parents' knowledge about obesity, its complications, and healthy, active lifestyle practices. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and associations between variables were examined using chi-squared tests. RESULTS In this study, responses from 256 moms in various Saudi Arabian locations were included in the analysis. Merely 35.5% of the participants demonstrated good knowledge about obesity and its complications. Regarding the promotion of a healthy, active lifestyle, only 11.3% of the participants were aware that kids should eat five types of vegetables and fruits daily, whereas 85% were aware that kids should have <2 hours a day of screen time, and 75.4% were aware that kids should be engaged in physical activity for at least one hour daily. CONCLUSION This study highlights a concerning gap in knowledge among caregivers in Saudi Arabia concerning obesity and its consequences, with merely 35.5% of participants demonstrating a good understanding of obesity and its complications. Alarmingly, only a fraction (11.3%) showed awareness of the importance of promoting a healthy, active lifestyle. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced awareness initiatives focused on obesity and its prevention to ensure optimal child health development, avert health issues, and strengthen positive dynamics between parents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Almalki
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | - Shadi Tamur
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | - Ahmad Alzahrani
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | - Maryam S Aljaid
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | - Anwar Shams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | | | | | - Abdullah M Khayat
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, SAU
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Jiang W, Tan J, Zhang J, Deng X, He X, Zhang J, Liu T, Sun R, Sun M, Chen K, Xu T, Yan Y, Moazzami A, Wu EJ, Zhan J, Hu B. Polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale improve obesity-induced insulin resistance through the gut microbiota and the SOCS3-mediated insulin receptor substrate-1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:3437-3447. [PMID: 38111200 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity induces insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, impacting human health. The relationship between obesity, gut microbiota, and regulatory mechanisms has been studied extensively. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide (DOP), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, potentially reduces insulin resistance. However, the mechanism through which DOP affects gut microbiota and alleviates obesity-induced insulin resistance in rats requires further investigation. RESULTS The current study aimed to assess the impact of DOP on gut microbiota and insulin resistance in rats on a high-fat diet. The results revealed that DOP effectively reduced blood lipids, glucose disorders, oxidative stress, and inflammatory infiltration in the liver of obese Sprague Dawley rats. This was achieved by downregulating SOCS3 expression and upregulating insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) by regulating the JAK/STAT/SOCS3 signaling pathway. Notably, DOP intervention enhanced the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and reduced harmful microbiota. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations among intestinal microbiota, SOCS3-mediated IRS-1 expression, and inflammatory factors. CONCLUSION Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide regulated the gut microbiota, enhanced IRS-1 expression, and mitigated liver injury and insulin resistance due to a high-fat diet. These findings depict the potential anti-insulin resistance properties of DOP and offer further evidence for addressing obesity and its complications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Tan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue He
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rong Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengxun Sun
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kuo Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingjia Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuling Yan
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ali Moazzami
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E-Jiao Wu
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Binhong Hu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Provincial key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Şeref B, Yıldıran H. A new perspective on obesity: perception of fat taste and its relationship with obesity. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae028. [PMID: 38497969 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, which results from a long-term positive energy balance, is affected by many factors, especially nutrition. The sensory properties of foods are associated with increased food intake through hedonic appetite. Taste perception, a component of flavor, is also responsible for increased consumption, through reward and hedonic mechanisms. Foods with high fat and energy content are among the foods that create the reward perception. The perception of fat taste, the primary taste that has recently entered the literature, may also be associated with increased food consumption and body weight. Therefore, in this review, the relationship between fat taste and obesity is examined, using the latest literature. RESULTS Different hypotheses have been proposed regarding the mechanism of the relationship between fat-taste perception and obesity, such as hedonic appetite, microbiota, decreased taste perception, and increased taste threshold level. In addition, some studies examining this relationship reported significant associations between the level of fat-taste perception and obesity, whereas others did not find a significant difference. CONCLUSION Considering the prevalence and contribution to obesity of Western-style nutrition, characterized by high amounts of fat and sugar consumption, elucidating this relationship may be an essential solution for preventing and treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Şeref
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Türkiye
| | - Hilal Yıldıran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
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da Cunha Nones DC, Novais CO, Rojas VCT, de Paula Franco P, da Silva Estevam E, Silva MS, Giusti-Paiva A, Dos Anjos-Garcia T, Vilela FC. Litter reduction-induced obesity promotes early depressive-like behavior and elevated prefrontal cortex GFAP expression in male offspring. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114839. [PMID: 38154508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study was developed to investigate how litter reduction-induced obesity promotes early depressive-related behaviors in rodent offspring. MAIN METHODS We employed a standardized litter size reduction protocol, dividing litters into groups: normal litters (NL), consisting of six males and six females pups and small litters (SL), comprising two males and two females pups. Maternal behavior was monitored during the initial week of lactation. Subsequently, we assessed the pups for weight gain, locomotor activity, social play behavior, and performance in forced swimming test. We further evaluated the weights of retroperitoneal and perigonadal fat tissues, along with the expression of glial fibrillary acidic pprotein (GFAP) in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the offspring. KEY FINDINGS Our results indicated that litter size reduction led to an increased the maternal behavior. In contrast, offspring from the SL group displayed greater weight gain and increased, retroperitoneal and perigonadal fat. Both male and female rodents in the SL group exhibited decreased social play behavior, and male offspring spent more time immobile during the forced swimming test, suggesting a depressive-like phenotype. Notably, we observed an increase in the GFAP expression in the prefrontal cortex of male rodents, with a trend toward increased expression in the hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE Obesity may facilitate the development of early depressive-like behaviors, potentially associated with elevated GFAP expression in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Cristina da Cunha Nones
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde (PPGB), Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Onofra Novais
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF), Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Viviana Carolina Trujillo Rojas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF), Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Paula Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF), Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elisa da Silva Estevam
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Giusti-Paiva
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tayllon Dos Anjos-Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF), Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Vilela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências Aplicadas à Saúde (PPGB), Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-Clínicos (CIEnP), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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11
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Leońska-Duniec A, Lepionka W, Brodkiewicz A, Buryta M. Association of the IL1A and IL6 polymorphisms with posttraining changes in body mass, composition, and biochemical parameters in Caucasian women. Biol Sport 2024; 41:47-56. [PMID: 38524816 PMCID: PMC10955753 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.131415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms located in IL1A and IL6 are promising markers of obesity-related traits; however, studies concerning their potential impact on the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions are lacking. Therefore, the aim was to examine the association between the polymorphic sites located in IL1A (rs1800587) and IL6 (rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797) and the body's response to a 12-week training program. We studied the genotype distribution in a group of 168 Caucasian females in whom body mass and composition parameters, the lipid profile, and glucose levels were measured before and after the exercise period. Our results showed that carriers of the IL1A rs1800597 CC genotype exhibited a significant decrease in total body water (TBW) in response to training (p = 0.045). Additionally, carriers of the IL6 rs1800797 GG and GA genotypes demonstrated a posttraining decrease in body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.039). Haplotype analysis revealed that only rare haplotypes, namely, GGA, CGG and CCG (rs1800795, rs1800796, and rs1800797, respectively), were linked to changes in phenotype, yet assessing individual haplotype effects was not possible. Studies of the interactions between these genes showed that carrying the TC-GG genotype (rs1800587-rs1800795 and rs1800587-rs1800796) may be associated with greater posttraining decreases in fat mass percentage (%FM) and fat-free mass (FM). Carriers of the CC-CG genotype (rs1800587-rs1800795) had significantly greater changes in triglycerides (TGL) over the training period. Our study showed that the IL1A and IL6 genotypes, either individually, in haplotype, or in gene-gene combination, may modify training-induced changes in body mass, composition, glucose levels, and the lipid profile in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Weronika Lepionka
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Brodkiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Nephrology, Dialisotherapy and Management of Acute Poisoning, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Buryta
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 70-453 Szczecin, Poland
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12
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Zhang X, Bao J, Zhang Y, Wang X. Alpha-Linolenic Acid Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment and Liver Damage Caused by Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:981-995. [PMID: 38435630 PMCID: PMC10909331 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s434671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a growing global problem that causes various complications such as diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, cardiovascular diseases, and hepatobiliary disease. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) has been reported to exhibit multiple pharmaceutical effects. This study aimed to explore the effects of ALA on obesity-induced adipose tissue accumulation, cognitive impairment, inflammation, and colonic mucosal barrier integrity. Methods Mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) and were treated with ALA (60 or 100 mg/kg). Body weight, adipose tissue, serum glucose and lipid levels, glucose resistance, and insulin resistance were measured. Cognitive ability was analyzed using the behavior tests. PTP1B and IRS/p-AKT/p-GSK3β/p-Tau signaling were examined to evaluate inflammation and synaptogenesis. Colon mucosal barrier integrity was examined by Alcian blue staining and expression of the tight junction proteins. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and liver damages were evaluated. 3T3-L1 cells were used for in vitro experiments. Cell viability, migration and invasion were detected. The levels of ROS, iron, and ferrous ions were measured to assess ferroptosis. Metabolomic analysis of adipose tissues was performed. Results ALA treatment prevented HFD-induced adipose tissue accumulation, improved glucose and lipid homeostasis and metabolism. Administration of ALA repressed the HFD-induced increase in insulin levels and insulin resistance index. Serum and colon levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were decreased after ALA treatment. ALA elevated mitochondrial content in brown adipose tissues. ALA ameliorated obesity-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal inflammation, enhanced colon mucosa integrity. ALA treatment ameliorated HFD-induced liver damage and lipid accumulation and inhibited differentiation of preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells into mature adipocytes and induces ferroptosis. Metabolomic analysis suggested that ALA may target the glycerolipid metabolism pathway to ameliorate obesity. Knockdown of AGPAT2 abolished the protective effects of ALA. Conclusion ALA treatment suppressed adipose accumulation in adipocytes, improved cognitive ability and colon integrity, and alleviated liver damage by modulating the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jialu Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Fiorotti AM, Gomes ACA, Bortoli AM, de Brito BB, Nunes KZ, Haraguchi FK, Bolsoni-Lopes A. Dynamic Changes in Adiponectin and Resistin Drive Remission of Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers in Individuals with Obesity Following Bariatric Surgery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:215. [PMID: 38399430 PMCID: PMC10893494 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The remission of obesity-related diseases following bariatric surgery appears to result from the reorganization of metabolic and hormonal pathways involving adipokines. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in body adiposity and serum adipokine levels, as well as the association between variations in adiponectin or resistin levels and cardiometabolic risk blood biomarkers before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. A longitudinal and prospective study was conducted with bariatric surgery patients. Anthropometric, body composition and blood biochemical parameters were measured before and at 2 and 6 months post-surgery. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson or Spearman correlation, and simple linear regression with a significance level of p < 0.05. Among 36 mostly female patients aged 30 to 39 years, significant reductions in body weight (-26.8%), fat mass (-50%), waist circumference (-18%) and waist-to-height ratio (-22%) were observed post-surgery. Serum adiponectin levels increased (+107%), while resistin (-12.2%), TNF-α (-35%), and PAI-1 (-11.1%) decreased. Glucose, insulin, CRP, cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycerides, and vitamin D also decreased. Waist circumference variation showed a positive correlation with PAI-1 and TNF-α and a negative correlation with adiponectin. The total fat mass showed a positive correlation with PAI-1. Adiponectin variation correlated negatively with glucose, resistin, and CRP but positively with HDL-c. Resistin showed a positive correlation with insulin and CRP. In conclusion, 6 months post-bariatric surgery, reducing abdominal adiposity had a more significant impact on serum adipokine levels than total fat mass. Adiponectin increase and resistin decrease acted as endocrine mediators driving the remission of cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in individuals with obesity following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andressa Bolsoni-Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition and Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria 29047-105, Brazil (A.C.A.G.); (A.M.B.); (B.B.d.B.); (K.Z.N.); (F.K.H.)
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Ocampo-Anguiano PV, Victoria-Ruiz LL, Reynoso-Camacho R, Olvera-Ramírez AM, Rocha-Guzmán NE, Ramos-Gómez M, Ahumada-Solórzano SM. Ingestion of Bean Leaves Reduces Metabolic Complications and Restores Intestinal Integrity in C57BL/6 Mice with Obesity Induced by a High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet. Nutrients 2024; 16:367. [PMID: 38337654 PMCID: PMC10856891 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of foods with fiber and compounds can promote gastrointestinal health and reduce obesity complications. Therefore, treatment with common bean leaves (BL) against obesity was evaluated in mice with a high-fat and high-fructose diet (HFFD) for 14 weeks. The bromatological and phytochemical characterization of BL were determined. Afterwards, the animals were supplemented with BL (10%) or a standard diet (SD) as a strategy to encourage a healthy diet for 12 additional weeks. Changes in body composition, lipid profile, and intestinal integrity were analyzed. The characterization of BL stood out for its content of 27.2% dietary fiber, total phenolics (475.04 mg/100 g), and saponins (2.2 mg/100 g). The visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased in the BL group by 52% compared to the HFFD group. Additionally, triglyceride levels were 23% lower in the BL consumption group compared to the HFFD group. The improvement in lipid profile was attributed to the 1.77-fold higher fecal lipid excretion in the BL consumption group compared to the HFFD group and the inhibition of pancreatic lipase by 29%. Furthermore, BL supplementation reduced the serum levels of IL-6 (4.4-fold) and FITC-dextran by 50% compared with those in the HFFD group. Metabolic endotoxemia was inhibited after BL supplementation (-33%) compared to the HFFD group. BL consumption as a treatment in obese mice reduces adipose tissue accumulation and improves the lipid profile. Furthermore, we report for the first time that BL consumption improves intestinal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Viridiana Ocampo-Anguiano
- Research and Postgraduate Department in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Mexico; (P.V.O.-A.); (L.L.V.-R.); (R.R.-C.)
- Interdisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Campus Juriquilla, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Laura Lizeth Victoria-Ruiz
- Research and Postgraduate Department in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Mexico; (P.V.O.-A.); (L.L.V.-R.); (R.R.-C.)
| | - Rosalía Reynoso-Camacho
- Research and Postgraduate Department in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Mexico; (P.V.O.-A.); (L.L.V.-R.); (R.R.-C.)
| | - Andrea Margarita Olvera-Ramírez
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Campus Juriquilla, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Queretaro 76230, Mexico;
| | - Nuria Elizabeth Rocha-Guzmán
- Research Group on Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Durango 34080, Mexico;
| | - Minerva Ramos-Gómez
- Research and Postgraduate Department in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas S/N, Queretaro 76010, Mexico; (P.V.O.-A.); (L.L.V.-R.); (R.R.-C.)
| | - Santiaga Marisela Ahumada-Solórzano
- Interdisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Campus Juriquilla, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
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Almukainzi M, AlQahtani R, Alanazi R, Alamri R, Alayed H. Insight of the Biopharmaceutical Implication of Sleeve Gastrectomy on Levothyroxine Absorption in Hypothyroidism Patients. Obes Surg 2024; 34:192-197. [PMID: 38091193 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The growing rate of obesity led to an increased number of bariatric surgeries (BS) as a treatment option for obesity. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) changes following BS can impact many drugs' absorption. Levothyroxine (LT4) is a synthetic thyroxine (T4) replacement used commonly as tablets to manage hypothyroidism disorder, which is more prevalent among patients with obesity. This study aims to examine the LT4 oral tablet form therapy after sleeve gastrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted in multi-center. The LT4 doses and TSH and T4 levels were compared before and after BS. The post-surgery readings were categorized into three periods: (one to three months), (four to six months), and (> six ) months after surgery. ANOVA test was used for analysis. RESULTS A total of 14374 patients who underwent BS from (1/2019 to 3/2022) were screened for eligibility, and n = 101 participants matched the inclusion criteria. The TSH and T4 were not statistically significant differences before and after surgery (P-values of 0.4864 and 0.5970, respectively). However, the doses significantly differed before and after surgery in all the follow-up time point periods (P < 0.002). CONCLUSION The LT4 required doses significantly reduced after sleeve gastrectomy, which can be related to the improved endogenous thyroid production in patients with obesity. However, the abnormality of the GIT induced by the sleeve gastrectomy may affect the exogenous LT4 absorption. Using liquid forms of LT4 while monitoring the thyroid function parameters can optimize the treatment after the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Almukainzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem AlQahtani
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rimah Alanazi
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Alamri
- College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajar Alayed
- Pharmaceutical Care, Dr. Suliman AlHabib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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16
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de Oliveira J, Stelmo IDC, Figueredo LS, de Freitas CC. Very low-calorie ketogenic diet in the treatment of adaptive thermogenesis: A case report. Nutrition 2024; 117:112252. [PMID: 37897984 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of the phenomenon of adaptive thermogenesis poses a challenge to the successful treatment of overweight/obesity with a nutritional intervention that minimizes the loss of muscle mass, with little cognitive restraint use and disorganization of eating behavior. On the other hand, it creates a significant calorie deficit for the reduction of body fat. The aim of this case report was to discuss the effects of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet in a woman with obesity and low resting metabolic rate. CASE DESCRIPTION A 36-y-old white woman with a history of obesity and bulimia nervosa who has had difficulty losing and maintaining weight despite numerous dietary and pharmacologic treatments. RESULTS There was a loss of 12 kg in 115 d, reaching 13.4 kg, with 11.4 kg of fat mass (FM). The resting metabolic rate showed an increase of 79% in relation to the initial rate, reaching normal levels for the predictive equations and maintaining this level in the first-year follow-up. Additionally, improvement of metabolic laboratory parameters and eating behavior traits were described. CONCLUSIONS In this specific case of bulimia nervosa resulting in hypometabolism (low resting metabolic rate/fat-free mass) and obesity, the very low-calorie ketogenic diet intervention has demonstrated a possibility of weight loss with little cognitive restraint use, thereby increasing resting metabolic rate in the short and medium terms, ultimately promoting a negative energy balance. In relation to the numeric results, it seems positive; however, more research is necessary to evaluate the effects on the overall relationship with food and its long-term repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Leandro Silva Figueredo
- A Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo - R. Maestro Cardim, São Paulo - SP 01323-001, Brazil
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17
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Myasoedova VA, Bozzi M, Valerio V, Moschetta D, Massaiu I, Rusconi V, Di Napoli D, Ciccarelli M, Parisi V, Agostoni P, Genovese S, Poggio P. Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Oxidation: The Key to Unlocking the Cardiovascular Potential of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP1 Receptor Agonists. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:16. [PMID: 38275636 PMCID: PMC10812629 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent and complex metabolic disorder associated with various complications, including cardiovascular diseases. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) have emerged as novel therapeutic agents for T2DM, primarily aiming to reduce blood glucose levels. However, recent investigations have unveiled their multifaceted effects, extending beyond their glucose-lowering effect. SGLT2i operate by inhibiting the SGLT2 receptor in the kidneys, facilitating the excretion of glucose through urine, leading to reduced blood glucose levels, while GLP1-RA mimic the action of the GLP1 hormone, stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. Both SGLT2i and GLP1-RA have shown remarkable benefits in reducing major cardiovascular events in patients with and without T2DM. This comprehensive review explores the expanding horizons of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA in improving cardiovascular health. It delves into the latest research, highlighting the effects of these drugs on heart physiology and metabolism. By elucidating their diverse mechanisms of action and emerging evidence, this review aims to recapitulate the potential of SGLT2i and GLP1-RA as therapeutic options for cardiovascular health beyond their traditional role in managing T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A. Myasoedova
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Michele Bozzi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Vincenza Valerio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Donato Moschetta
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Ilaria Massaiu
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Valentina Rusconi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Daniele Di Napoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (D.D.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (D.D.N.); (M.C.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefano Genovese
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (V.A.M.); (M.B.); (V.V.); (D.M.); (I.M.); (V.R.); (P.A.); (S.G.)
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18
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Abstract
Obesity has been recognized to be increasing globally and is designated a disease with adverse consequences requiring early detection and appropriate care. In addition to being related to metabolic syndrome disorders such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and premature coronary artery disease. Obesity is also etiologically linked to several cancers. The non-gastrointestinal cancers are breast, uterus, kidneys, ovaries, thyroid, meningioma, and thyroid. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and colorectal. The brighter side of the problem is that being overweight and obese and cigarette smoking are mostly preventable causes of cancers. Epidemiology and clinical studies have revealed that obesity is heterogeneous in clinical manifestations. In clinical practice, BMI is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of the person's height in square meters (kg/m2). A BMI above 30 kg/m2 (defining obesity in many guidelines) is considered obesity. However, obesity is heterogeneous. There are subdivisions for obesity, and not all obesities are equally pathogenic. Adipose tissue, in particular, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), is endocrine and abdominal obesity (a surrogate for VAT) is evaluated by waist-hip measurements or just waist measures. Visceral Obesity, through several hormonal mechanisms, induces a low-grade chronic inflammatory state, insulin resistance, components of metabolic syndrome, and cancers. Metabolically obese, normal-weight (MONW) individuals in several Asian countries may have BMI below normal levels to diagnose obesity but suffer from many obesity-related complications. Conversely, some people have high BMI but are generally healthy with no features of metabolic syndrome. Many clinicians advise weight loss by dieting and exercise to metabolically healthy obese with large body habitus than to individuals with metabolic obesity but normal BMI. The GI cancers (esophagus, pancreas, gallbladder, liver, and colorectal) are individually discussed, emphasizing the incidence, possible pathogenesis, and preventive measures. From 2005 to 2014, most cancers associated with overweight and Obesity increased in the United States, while cancers related to other factors decreased. The standard recommendation is to offer or refer adults with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions. However, the clinicians have to go beyond. They should critically evaluate BMI with due consideration for ethnicity, body habitus, and other factors that influence the type of obesity and obesity-related risks. In 2001, the Surgeon General's ``Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity'' identified obesity as a critical public health priority for the United States. At government levels reducing obesity requires policy changes that improve the food and physical activity for all. However, implementing some policies with the most significant potential benefit to public health is politically tricky. The primary care physician, as well as subspecialists, should identify overweight and Obesity based on all the variable factors in the diagnosis. The medical community should address the prevention of overweight and Obesity as an essential part of medical care as much as vaccination in preventing infectious diseases at all levels- from childhood, to adolescence, and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zou
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, 125 Andover DR, Kendall Park, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Capecomorin S Pitchumoni
- Department of Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital, 125 Andover DR, Kendall Park, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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19
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Qamar F, Sultana S, Sharma M. Animal models for induction of diabetes and its complications. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2023; 22:1021-1028. [PMID: 37975101 PMCID: PMC10638335 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Animal models are widely used to develop newer drugs for treatment of diabetes and its complications. We conducted a systematic review to find various animal models to induce diabetes and also the suitable methods in various diabetic complications. With an emphasis on the animal models of diabetes induction, this review provides a basic overview of diabetes and its various types. It focused on the use of rats and mice for chemical, spontaneous, surgical, genetic, viral, and hormonal induction approaches. Methods All observations and research conducted on Diabetes and its complications published up to 18 May 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Conchrane Library databases were included. Main outcome measures were reporting the induction of diabetes in experimental animals, the various animal models for diabetic complications including diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic osteopathy. The quality of reporting of included articles and risk of bias were assessed. Results We reached various articles and found that rats and mice are the most frequently used animals for inducing diabetes. Chemical induction is the most commonly used followed by spontaneous and surgical methods. With slight modification various breeds and species are developed to study and induce specific complications on eyes, kidneys, neurons and bones. Conclusions Our review suggested that rats and mice are the most suitable animals. Furthermore, chemical induction is the method frequently used by experimenters. Moreover, high quality studies are required to find the suitable methods for diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Qamar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, Delhi, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Shirin Sultana
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, Delhi, New Delhi, 110062 India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, Delhi, New Delhi, 110062 India
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20
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Pelczyńska M, Miller-Kasprzak E, Piątkowski M, Mazurek R, Klause M, Suchecka A, Bucoń M, Bogdański P. The Role of Adipokines and Myokines in the Pathogenesis of Different Obesity Phenotypes-New Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2046. [PMID: 38136166 PMCID: PMC10740719 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a characteristic disease of the twenty-first century that is affecting an increasing percentage of society. Obesity expresses itself in different phenotypes: normal-weight obesity (NWO), metabolically obese normal-weight (MONW), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). A range of pathophysiological mechanisms underlie the occurrence of obesity, including inflammation, oxidative stress, adipokine secretion, and other processes related to the pathophysiology of adipose tissue (AT). Body mass index (BMI) is the key indicator in the diagnosis of obesity; however, in the case of the NWO and MONW phenotypes, the metabolic disturbances are present despite BMI being within the normal range. On the other hand, MHO subjects with elevated BMI values do not present metabolic abnormalities. The MUO phenotype involves both a high BMI value and an abnormal metabolic profile. In this regard, attention has been focused on the variety of molecules produced by AT and their role in the development of obesity. Nesfatin-1, neuregulin 4, myonectin, irisin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) all seem to have protective effects against obesity. The primary mechanism underlying the action of nesfatin-1 involves an increase in insulin sensitivity and reduced food intake. Neuregulin 4 sup-presses lipogenesis, decreases lipid accumulation, and reduces chronic low-grade inflammation. Myonectin lowers the amount of fatty acids in the bloodstream by increasing their absorption in the liver and AT. Irisin stimulates the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and consequently in-creases energy expenditure, additionally regulating glucose metabolism. Another molecule, BDNF, has anorexigenic effects. Decorin protects against the development of hyperglycemia, but may also contribute to proinflammatory processes. Similar effects are shown in the case of visfatin and chemerin, which may predispose to obesity. Visfatin increases adipogenesis, causes cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, and contributes to the development of glucose intolerance. Chemerin induces angiogenesis, which promotes the expansion of AT. This review aims to discuss the role of adipokines and myokines in the pathogenesis of the different obesity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelczyńska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
| | - Ewa Miller-Kasprzak
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
| | - Marcin Piątkowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Roksana Mazurek
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Klause
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Suchecka
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bucoń
- Faculty of Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland; (E.M.-K.); (P.B.)
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21
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Timofeev YS, Kiselev AR, Dzhioeva ON, Drapkina OM. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) and Cardiovascular Complications of Obesity: Searching for Potential Biomarkers. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9378-9389. [PMID: 38132434 PMCID: PMC10742314 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs), a family of proteins that support cellular proteostasis and perform a protective function under various stress conditions, such as high temperature, intoxication, inflammation, or tissue hypoxia, constitute a promising group of possible biochemical markers for obesity and cardiovascular diseases. HSP27 is involved in essential cellular processes occurring in conditions of obesity and its cardiometabolic complications; it has protective properties, and its secretion may indicate a cellular response to stress. HSP40 plays a controversial role in the pathogenesis of obesity. HSP60 is involved in various pathological processes of the cardiovascular, immune, excretory, and nervous systems and is associated with obesity and concomitant diseases. The hypersecretion of HSP60 is associated with poor prognosis; hence, this protein may become a target for further research on obesity and its cardiovascular complications. According to most studies, intracellular HSP70 is an obesity-promoting factor, whereas extracellular HSP70 exhibited inconsistent dynamics across different patient groups and diagnoses. HSPs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular pathology. However, in the context of cardiovascular and metabolic pathology, these proteins require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anton R. Kiselev
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Oxana M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Lőrincz H, Csiha S, Ratku B, Somodi S, Sztanek F, Seres I, Paragh G, Harangi M. Gender-Dependent Associations between Serum Betatrophin Levels and Lipoprotein Subfractions in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Obese Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16504. [PMID: 38003693 PMCID: PMC10671489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Betatrophin, also known as angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8), mainly plays a role in lipid metabolism. To date, associations between betatrophin and lipoprotein subfractions are poorly investigated. For this study, 50 obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 70 nondiabetic obese (NDO) subjects matched in gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) as well as 49 gender- and age-matched healthy, normal-weight controls were enrolled. Serum betatrophin levels were measured with ELISA, and lipoprotein subfractions were analyzed using Lipoprint gel electrophoresis. Betatrophin concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the T2D and NDO groups compared to the controls in all subjects and in females, but not in males. We found significant positive correlations between triglyceride, very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), large LDL (low density lipoprotein), small LDL, high density lipoprotein (HDL) -6-10 subfractions, and betatrophin, while negative correlations were detected between betatrophin and IDL, mean LDL size, and HDL-1-5. Proportion of small HDL was the best predictor of betatrophin in all subjects. Small LDL and large HDL subfractions were found to be the best predictors in females, while in males, VLDL was found to be the best predictor of betatrophin. Our results underline the significance of serum betatrophin measurement in the cardiovascular risk assessment of obese patients with and without T2D, but gender differences might be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sára Csiha
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ratku
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Somodi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sztanek
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Seres
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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23
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Jiang N, Wang Z, Guo X, Peng Z, He Y, Wang Q, Wu H, Cui Y. Hepatic Runx1t1 improves body fat index after endurance exercise in obese mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19427. [PMID: 37940636 PMCID: PMC10632374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46302-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise could attenuate obesity induced by high fat diet (HFD). Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the crucial targets that play key roles in the improvement of body fat index (BFI) in obese mice by endurance exercise. Firstly, we constructed murine obesity models: High fat diet control (HFD) group, HFD exercise (HFE) group, normal chow diet control (NC) group, and normal chow diet exercise (NE) group. Next, we identified the BFI improvement related genes using differential gene analysis, and investigated these genes' functional pathways using functional enrichment analysis. The qRT-PCR and western blot assays were used to determine the gene expression and protein expression, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to explore the potential pathways associated with endurance exercise in obese mice and Mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR) assay was applied to determine the RCR in the liver tissues of mice. We discovered that endurance exercise remarkably reduced the body weights and BFI of HFD-induced obese mice. Runx1t1 was related to the improvement of BFI by endurance exercise in HFD-induced obese mice. Runx1t1 mRNA and protein levels in liver tissues were observably decreased in HFD mice compared to mice in HFE, NC and NE groups. Moreover, Glucagon signaling pathway that was associated with mitochondrial function was significantly activated in HFE mice. The Runx1t1 expression exhibited an observable negative correlation with Acaca in HFD mice. Moreover, the mitochondrial RCR level was significantly increased in HFE mice than that in HFD mice. In HFD-induced obese mice, Runx1t1 was implicated in the improvement of BFI via endurance exercise. Endurance exercise could improve mitochondrial dysfunction in obese mice by activating the Runx1t1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Basic Teaching of Military Common Subjects, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300309, China
| | - Xiangying Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Zifu Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yimin He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Huaduo Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yunlong Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhu West Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300061, China.
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24
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Azmi MB, Sehgal SA, Asif U, Musani S, Abedin MFE, Suri A, Ahmed SDH, Qureshi SA. Genetic insights into obesity: in silico identification of pathogenic SNPs in MBOAT4 gene and their structural molecular dynamics consequences. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37921712 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2274970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane Bound O-Acyltransferase Domain-Containing 4 (MBOAT4) protein catalyzes ghrelin acylation, leading to prominent ghrelin activity, hence characterizing its role as an anti-obesity target. We extracted 625 exonic SNPs from the ENSEMBL database and one phenotype-based missense mutation associated with obesity (A46T) from the HGMD (Human Gene Mutation Database). These were differentiated on deleterious missense SNPs of the MBOAT4 gene through MAF (minor allele frequency: <0.01) cut-off criteria in relation to some bioinformatics-based supervised machine learning tools. We found 8 rare-coding and harmful missense SNPs. The consensus classifier (PredictSNP) tool predicted that the SNP (G57S, C: rs561065025) was the most pathogenic. Several trained in silico algorithms have predicted decreased protein stability [ΔΔG (kcal/mol)] function in the presence of these rare-coding pathogenic mutations in the MBOAT4 gene. Then, a stereochemical quality check (i.e. validation and assessment) of the 3D model was performed, followed by a blind cavity docking approach, used to search for druggable cavities and molecular interactions with citrus flavonoids of the Rutaceae family, ranked with energetic estimations. Significant interactions with Phloretin 3',5'-Di-C-Glucoside were also observed at R304, W306, N307, A311, L314 and H338 with (iGEMDOCK: -95.82 kcal/mol and AutoDock: -7.80 kcal/mol). The RMSD values and other variables of MD simulation analyses on this protein further validated its significant interactions with the above flavonoids. The MBOAT4 gene and its molecular interactions could serve as an interventional future anti-obesity target. The current study's findings will benefit future prospects for large population-based studies and drug development, particularly for generating personalized medicine.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Azmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Asif
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Musani
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Azeema Suri
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Danish Haseen Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Huang X, Liu X, Lin J. Methylation of lncSHGL promotes adipocyte differentiation by regulating miR-149/Mospd3 axis. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2361-2380. [PMID: 38057958 PMCID: PMC10802194 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2287367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity poses significant health risks and can negatively impact an individual's quality of life. The human obesity phenotype results from the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes, which leads to hypertrophy and hyperplasia in adipose tissue. The molecular mechanisms by which long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) modulate adipocyte differentiation, a process implicated in obesity development, remain poorly characterized. A lncRNA which suppressed the hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis (lncSHGL) was newly identified. Our research aims to elucidate the functional role and mechanistic underpinnings of suppressor of lncSHGL in adipocyte differentiation. We observed that lncSHGL expression progressively diminished during 3T3-L1 differentiation and was downregulated in the liver and perirenal adipose tissue of ob/ob mice. lncSHGL acts as a molecular sponge for miR-149, with Mospd3 identified as a target of miR-149.Overexpression of lncSHGL and inhibition of miR-149 led to suppressed 3T3-L1 proliferation, decreased lipid droplet accumulation, and attenuated promoter activity of PPARγ2 and C/EBPα. These changes consequently resulted in reduced expression of Cyclin D1, LPL, PPARγ2, AP2, and C/EBPα, as well as inhibited the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In contrast, lncSHGL suppression yielded opposing outcomes. Moreover, the effects of lncSHGL overexpression and miR-149 inhibition on reduced expression of Cyclin D1, LPL, PPARγ2, AP2, and C/EBPα were reversible upon miR-149 overexpression and Mospd3 suppression. These findings were further validated in vivo. We also discovered a significant increase in methylation levels during 3T3-L1 differentiation, with lncSHGL highly expressed in the presence of a methylation inhibitor. In conclusion. lncSHGL methylation facilitates adipocyte differentiation by modulating the miR-149/Mospd3 axis. Targeting lncSHGL expression may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for obesity-associated adipogenesis, particularly in the context of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Huang
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Emergency Department, Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Emergency Department, Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiyan Lin
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Emergency Department, Xiamen Key Laboratory for Clinical Efficacy and Evidence-Based Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
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Ramírez-Manent JI, López-González ÁA, Tomás-Gil P, Riutord-Sbert P, Garrido-Sepulveda L, Vicente-Herrero MT. Relationship between Abdominal Volume Index and Body Adiposity Index and Scales of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3356. [PMID: 37958252 PMCID: PMC10649100 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction, objectives: Obesity is a global health problem with a great negative impact on health. Among the pathologies caused by obesity are insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, which constitute an increasingly common health problem in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between two scales that assess obesity-based on hip circumference-and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance risk scales as predictors of these alterations. MATERIALS, METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out on 193,462 workers from different Spanish regions and work groups between January 2019 and September 2021. Abdominal volume index (AVI) and body adiposity index (BAI) were evaluated to assess obesity and its association with insulin resistance using three risk scales (TyG index, Triglycerides/HDL, and METS-IR), while their association with metabolic syndrome was determined using the NCEP ATP III, IDF, and JIS models. RESULTS The results of the ROC curves to determine the predictive value of BAI and AVI in relation to the three criteria evaluated to calculate MetS in all instances presented a higher area under the curve (AUC) for AVI. The high values of AVI stand out for predicting MetS when applying the IDF criteria. The cut-off point in women was 13.70 with a Youden index of 0.802, whereas in men, the cut-off point was set at 17.59 with a Youden index of 0.672. Regarding the relationship of BAI and AVI with insulin resistance risk scales for both sexes, the AUC only revealed high values when using the METS-IR formula for both AVI and BAI. The AVI cut-off points to predict high values of insulin resistance risk scales in women were established at 13.12 with a Youden index of 0.722. In men, the cut-off point was 17.59, with a Youden index of 0.626. The BAI cut-off points in women were set at 33.88 with a Youden index of 0.748. In men, the cut-off point was 27.91, with a Youden index of 0.598. CONCLUSIONS AVI demonstrated its value as a predictor of metabolic syndrome while exclusively applying the IDF criteria. AVI and BAI demonstrated their value as predictors of high values of insulin resistance risk scales only in the case of METS-IR. This predictive value is also higher in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent
- ADEMA-Health Group, IUNICS University of Balearic Islands, 07009 Palma, Spain; (J.I.R.-M.); (P.T.-G.); (P.R.-S.); (M.T.V.-H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07009 Palma, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària de les Illes Balears (IDISBA), Balearic Islands Health Research Institute Foundation, 07004 Palma, Spain
- General Practitioner Department, Balearic Islands Health Service, 07003 Palma, Spain
| | - Ángel Arturo López-González
- ADEMA-Health Group, IUNICS University of Balearic Islands, 07009 Palma, Spain; (J.I.R.-M.); (P.T.-G.); (P.R.-S.); (M.T.V.-H.)
| | - Pilar Tomás-Gil
- ADEMA-Health Group, IUNICS University of Balearic Islands, 07009 Palma, Spain; (J.I.R.-M.); (P.T.-G.); (P.R.-S.); (M.T.V.-H.)
| | - Pere Riutord-Sbert
- ADEMA-Health Group, IUNICS University of Balearic Islands, 07009 Palma, Spain; (J.I.R.-M.); (P.T.-G.); (P.R.-S.); (M.T.V.-H.)
| | | | - María Teofila Vicente-Herrero
- ADEMA-Health Group, IUNICS University of Balearic Islands, 07009 Palma, Spain; (J.I.R.-M.); (P.T.-G.); (P.R.-S.); (M.T.V.-H.)
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Ding Y, Deng Q, Yang M, Niu H, Wang Z, Xia S. Clinical Classification of Obesity and Implications for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:3303-3329. [PMID: 37905232 PMCID: PMC10613411 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s431251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity,and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) have reached epidemic proportions globally. Obesity and MAFLD frequently coexist and act synergistically to increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes (both hepatic and extrahepatic). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most important risk factor for rapid progression of steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis. Conversely, the later stages of MAFLD are associated with an increased risk of T2DM incident. According to the proposed criteria, MAFLD is diagnosed in patients with liver steatosis and in at least one in three: overweight or obese, T2DM, or signs of metabolic dysregulation if they are of normal weight. However, the clinical classification and correlation between obesity and MAFLD is more complex than expected. In addition, treatment for obesity and MAFLD are associated with a reduced risk of T2DM, suggesting that liver-based treatments could reduce the risk of developing T2DM. This review describes the clinical classification of obesity and MAFLD, discusses the clinical features of various types of obesity and MAFLD, emphasizes the role of visceral obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in the development of MAFLD,and summarizes the existing treatments for obesity and MAFLD that reduce the risk of developing T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuoyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihai Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatic Fibrosis and Molecular Diagnosis & Treatment, Tianjin, 300162, People’s Republic of China
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Mutti C, Malagutti G, Maraglino V, Misirocchi F, Zilioli A, Rausa F, Pizzarotti S, Spallazzi M, Rosenzweig I, Parrino L. Sleep Pathologies and Eating Disorders: A Crossroad for Neurology, Psychiatry and Nutrition. Nutrients 2023; 15:4488. [PMID: 37892563 PMCID: PMC10610508 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate connection between eating behaviors and sleep habits is often overlooked in clinical practice, despite their profound interdependence. Sleep plays a key role in modulating psychological, hormonal and metabolic balance and exerting an influence on food choices. Conversely, various eating disorders may affect sleep continuity, sometimes promoting the development of sleep pathologies. Neurologists, nutritionists and psychiatrists tend to focus on these issues separately, resulting in a failure to recognize the full extent of the clinical conditions. This detrimental separation can lead to underestimation, misdiagnosis and inappropriate therapeutic interventions. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the tangled relationship between sleep, sleep pathologies and eating disorders, by incorporating the perspective of sleep experts, psychologists and psychiatrists. Our goal is to identify a practical crossroad integrating the expertise of all the involved specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Mutti
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Malagutti
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Maraglino
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Misirocchi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy (A.Z.)
| | - Alessandro Zilioli
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy (A.Z.)
| | - Francesco Rausa
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Pizzarotti
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Spallazzi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy (A.Z.)
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Plasticity Centre, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Liborio Parrino
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of General and Specialized Medicine, University Hospital of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy (A.Z.)
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Ferraz Barbosa B, Aquino de Moraes FC, Bordignon Barbosa C, Palavicini Santos PTK, Pereira da Silva I, Araujo Alves da Silva B, Cristine Marques Barros J, Rodríguez Burbano RM, Pereira Carneiro dos Santos N, Rodrigues Fernandes M. Efficacy and Safety of Setmelanotide, a Melanocortin-4 Receptor Agonist, for Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1460. [PMID: 37888071 PMCID: PMC10608339 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A malfunction in the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is associated with obesity in rare genetic syndromes; setmelanotide is a new drug that activates this receptor and is being used to treat severe obesity. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of setmelanotide for weight loss in severe obesity linked to human MC4R deficiency. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials using setmelanotide. We considered a p-value ≤ 0.05 statistically significant. RESULTS We included 376 patients, of whom 328 (87.2%) received setmelanotide for a mean follow-up of 52 weeks. The mean age was 32.8 (14.67) years. Weight loss was significant (MD -3.52; 95% CI -3.98, -3.05; p = 0.01; I2 = 92%), with an average proportion of -6.91% weight loss during treatment. Changes in BMI showed an MD of -10.55 kg/m2 in patients > 18 years and -0.61 kg/m2 in patients < 18 years (BMI score). However, the drug was associated with a higher risk of skin hyperpigmentation (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.55, 0.80; p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS Our results support the use of setmelanotide in treating severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Ferraz Barbosa
- Department of Medicine, University of Aquino Bolivia, Santa Cruz de la Sierra 0701, Bolivia; (B.F.B.); (C.B.B.)
| | | | - Camila Bordignon Barbosa
- Department of Medicine, University of Aquino Bolivia, Santa Cruz de la Sierra 0701, Bolivia; (B.F.B.); (C.B.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marianne Rodrigues Fernandes
- Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (J.C.M.B.); (N.P.C.d.S.); (M.R.F.)
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Tan X, Yang X, Hu S, Chen X, Sun Z. A nomogram for predicting postoperative complications based on tumor spectral CT parameters and visceral fat area in gastric cancer patients. Eur J Radiol 2023; 167:111072. [PMID: 37666073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To construct a nomogram combining tumor spectral CT parameters and visceral fat area (VFA) to predict postoperative complications (POCs) in patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHOD This retrospective study included 101 GC patients who underwent preoperative abdominal spectral CT scan and were divided into two groups (37 with POCs and 64 without POCs) according to the Clavien-Dindo classification standard. Logistic regression was used to establish spectral, VFA, and combined models for predicting POCs. The combined prediction model was presented as a nomogram, and the diagnostic performance of each model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The AUCs of the VFA and spectral model were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.62-0.80) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88), respectively. VFA, the slope of spectral curve (λ) in venous phase (λ-VP) and tumor Hounsfield units on monoenergetic images 40 keV in VP (MonoE40keV-VP) were independent predictors of POCs in GC. The nomogram yielded an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81-0.94). The combined model was superior to the VFA or spectral models by comparing their AUCs (P = 0.000 and 0.022). CONCLUSIONS The nomogram based on two tumor spectral parameters (λ-VP, MonoE40keV-VP) and VFA could serve as a convenient tool for predicting the POCs of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Tan
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shudong Hu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City 214062, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingbiao Chen
- Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zongqiong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi City 214062, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Thanos PK, Hanna C, Mihalkovic A, Hoffman A, Posner A, Butsch J, Blum K, Georger L, Mastrandrea LD, Quattrin T. Genetic Correlates as a Predictor of Bariatric Surgery Outcomes after 1 Year. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2644. [PMID: 37893019 PMCID: PMC10603884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed genetic risk assessments in patients undergoing bariatric surgery to serve as a predictive factor for weight loss parameters 1 year after the operation. Thirty (30) patients were assessed for Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS), which analyzes neurogenetic polymorphisms involved in addiction and reward deficiency. Genetic and psychosocial data collected before the operation were correlated with weight loss data, including changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), and percent of expected weight loss (%EWL). Results examined correlations between individual gene risk alleles, 1-year body weight data, and psychosocial trait scores. Spearman's correlations revealed that the OPRM1 (rs1799971) gene polymorphism had significant negative correlation with 1-year weight (rs = -0.4477, p < 0.01) and BMI (rs = -0.4477, p < 0.05). In addition, the DRD2 risk allele (rs1800497) was correlated negatively with BMI at 1 year (rs = -0.4927, p < 0.05), indicating that one risk allele copy was associated with lower BMI. However, this allele was positively correlated with both ∆Weight (rs = 0.4077, p < 0.05) and %EWL (rs = 0.5521, p < 0.05) at 1 year post-surgery. Moreover, the overall GARS score was correlated with %EWL (rs = 0.4236, p < 0.05), ∆Weight (rs = 0.3971, p < 0.05) and ∆BMI (rs = 0.3778, p < 0.05). Lastly, Food Cravings Questionnaire (FCQ) scores were negatively correlated with %EWL (rs = -0.4320, p < 0.05) and ∆Weight at 1 year post-surgery (rs = -0.4294, p < 0.05). This suggests that individuals with a higher genetic addiction risk are more responsive to weight loss treatment, especially in the case of the DRD2 polymorphism. These results should translate clinically to improve positivity and attitude related to weight management by those individuals born with the risk alleles (rs1800497; rs1799971).
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.H.)
| | - Colin Hanna
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.H.)
| | - Abrianna Mihalkovic
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.H.)
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Aaron Hoffman
- Department of Surgery, Methodist Hospital Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75208, USA
| | - Alan Posner
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - John Butsch
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Division of Nutrigenomics, SpliceGen, Therapeutics, Inc., Austin, TX 78701, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine and Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Exercise Sports & Global Mental Health, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- The Kenneth Blum Behavioral & Neurogenetic Institute, LLC., Austin, TX 78701, USA
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 1075 Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, West Bengal, India
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Lesley Georger
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, D’Youville University, Buffalo, NY 14201, USA;
| | - Lucy D. Mastrandrea
- UBMD Pediatrics, JR Oishei Children’s Hospital, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA (T.Q.)
| | - Teresa Quattrin
- UBMD Pediatrics, JR Oishei Children’s Hospital, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA (T.Q.)
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Hu Q, Hou S, Xiong B, Wen Y, Wang J, Zeng J, Ma X, Wang F. Therapeutic Effects of Baicalin on Diseases Related to Gut-Brain Axis Dysfunctions. Molecules 2023; 28:6501. [PMID: 37764277 PMCID: PMC10535911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis is an active area of research. Several representative diseases, including central nervous system disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression), metabolic disorders (obesity-related diseases), and intestinal disorders (inflammatory bowel disease and dysbiosis), are associated with the dysfunctional gut-brain axis. Baicalin, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis, is reported to exert various pharmacological effects. This narrative review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and potential targets of baicalin in disorders of the gut-brain axis. Baicalin protects the central nervous system through anti-neuroinflammatory and anti-neuronal apoptotic effects, suppresses obesity through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and alleviates intestinal disorders through regulatory effects on intestinal microorganisms and short-chain fatty acid production. The bioactivities of baicalin are mediated through the gut-brain axis. This review comprehensively summarizes the regulatory role of baicalin in gut-brain axis disorders, laying a foundation for future research, although further confirmatory basic research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Shuyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Baoyi Xiong
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yueqiang Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China;
| | - Jundong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (Q.H.); (S.H.); (J.W.)
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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Zhang CY, Xu RQ, Wang XQ, Sun LF, Mo P, Cai RJ, Lin XZ, Luo CF, Ou WC, Lu LJ, Zhong Y, Chen JY. Comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses reveal that hyperhomocysteinemia is a high risk factor for coronary artery disease in a chinese obese population aged 40-65: a prospective cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:219. [PMID: 37620823 PMCID: PMC10463368 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical observations suggest a complex relationship between obesity and coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to characterize the intermediate metabolism phenotypes among obese patients with CAD and without CAD. METHODS Sixty-two participants who consecutively underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in the discovery cohort. Transcriptional and untargeted metabolomics analyses were carried out to screen for key molecular changes between obese patients with CAD (CAD obese), without CAD (Non-CAD obese), and Non-CAD leans. A targeted GC-MS metabolomics approach was used to further identify differentially expressed metabolites in the validation cohorts. Regression and receiver operator curve analysis were performed to validate the risk model. RESULTS We found common aberrantly expressed pathways both at the transcriptional and metabolomics levels. These pathways included cysteine and methionine metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxyhippuric acid, nicotinuric acid, and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol were significantly elevated in the CAD obese group compared to the other two groups. In the validation study, targeted cysteine and methionine metabolomics analyses showed that homocysteine (Hcy), SAH, and choline were significantly increased in the CAD obese group compared with the Non-CAD obese group, while betaine, 5-methylpropanedioic acid, S-adenosylmethionine, 4-PA, and vitamin B2 (VB2) showed no significant differences. Multivariate analyses showed that Hcy was an independent predictor of obesity with CAD (hazard ratio 1.7; 95%CI 1.2-2.6). The area under the curve based on the Hcy metabolomic (HCY-Mtb) index was 0.819, and up to 0.877 for the HCY-Mtb.index plus clinical variables. CONCLUSION This is the first study to propose that obesity with hyperhomocysteinemia is a useful intermediate metabolism phenotype that could be used to identify obese patients at high risk for developing CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Ru-Qin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qiao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Lin-Feng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Pei Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Ren-Jie Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Wen-Chao Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Lie-Jing Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China.
- , No.250 Changgang Road, Guangzhou, Haizhu district, China.
| | - Jia-Yuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guang Zhou, China.
- , No.250 Changgang Road, Guangzhou, Haizhu district, China.
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Jiesisibieke D, Feng Y, Jiesisibieke ZL, Liu J, Tao L. Trends of underweight, overweight, and obesity among older adults in China from 2008 to 2018: a national observational survey. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1373. [PMID: 37464263 PMCID: PMC10353183 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the 10-year trends and disparities in underweight, overweight, and obesity among older adults aged 65 years and older in China from 2008 to 2018. METHODS We used four waves (2008, 2011, 2014, and 2018) of data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), a national community-based cross-sectional survey conducted every 2-3 years. Body weight and height were measured by trained assessors following standardized procedures. BMI was calculated and divided into underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m2), obese (≥ 30.0 kg/m2) according to WHO reference. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine factors related with abnormal BMI groups, after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among 46,543 older adults in China, the prevalence rates of underweight decreased with each survey year from 2008 to 2018, declining from 20.05 to 7.87% (p < 0.001). In contrast, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity showed an increasing trend (all p < 0.001). Specifically, the prevalence of overweight rose from 12.82% to 2008 to 28.45% in 2018, and the prevalence of obesity increased from 1.62% to 2008 to 4.95% in 2018. In the multinomial logistic regression model, survey year, gender, residence, marital status, economic status, numbers of chronic diseases, smoking status, sleep quality, and functional disability were factors related with obesity. CONCLUSION The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were increasing while the prevalence of underweight and normal weight significantly decreased from 2008 to 2018 among older adults in China, which poses a huge challenge for chronic disease. There is an urgent need for intervention policy planning and early prevention of abnormal body weight for the preparation of an aging society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Jiesisibieke
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuting Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Pelczyńska M, Moszak M, Wesołek A, Bogdański P. The Preventive Mechanisms of Bioactive Food Compounds against Obesity-Induced Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1232. [PMID: 37371961 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns are promising strategies for preventing and treating obesity and its coexisting inflammatory processes. Bioactive food compounds have received considerable attention due to their actions against obesity-induced inflammation, with limited harmful side effects. They are perceived as food ingredients or dietary supplements other than those necessary to meet basic human nutritional needs and are responsible for positive changes in the state of health. These include polyphenols, unsaturated fatty acids, and probiotics. Although the exact mechanisms of bioactive food compounds' action are still poorly understood, studies have indicated that they involve the modulation of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones; regulate gene expression in adipose tissue; and modify the signaling pathways responsible for the inflammatory response. Targeting the consumption and/or supplementation of foods with anti-inflammatory potential may represent a new approach to obesity-induced inflammation treatment. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to evaluate strategies for bioactive food compound intake, especially times and doses. Moreover, worldwide education about the advantages of bioactive food compound consumption is warranted to limit the consequences of unhealthy dietary patterns. This work presents a review and synthesis of recent data on the preventive mechanisms of bioactive food compounds in the context of obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pelczyńska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Moszak
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wesołek
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 10 Fredry Street, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 84 Szamarzewskiego Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
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Chen L, Zhao S, Wang Y, Niu X, Zhang B, Li X, Peng D. Genetic Insights into Obesity and Brain: Combine Mendelian Randomization Study and Gene Expression Analysis. Brain Sci 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371369 PMCID: PMC10295948 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major public-health concern, obesity is imposing an increasing social burden around the world. The link between obesity and brain-health problems has been reported, but controversy remains. To investigate the relationship among obesity, brain-structure changes and diseases, a two-stage analysis was performed. At first, we used the Mendelian-randomization (MR) approach to identify the causal relationship between obesity and cerebral structure. Obesity-related data were retrieved from the Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium and the UK Biobank, whereas the cortical morphological data were from the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Further, we extracted region-specific expressed genes according to the Allen Human Brian Atlas (AHBA) and carried out a series of bioinformatics analyses to find the potential mechanism of obesity and diseases. In the univariable MR, a higher body mass index (BMI) or larger visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was associated with a smaller global cortical thickness (pBMI = 0.006, pVAT = 1.34 × 10-4). Regional associations were found between obesity and specific gyrus regions, mainly in the fusiform gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus. Multivariable MR results showed that a greater body fat percentage was linked to a smaller fusiform-gyrus thickness (p = 0.029) and precuneus surface area (p = 0.035). As for the gene analysis, region-related genes were enriched to several neurobiological processes, such as compound transport, neuropeptide-signaling pathway, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. These genes contained a strong relationship with some neuropsychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and other disorders. Our results reveal a causal relationship between obesity and brain abnormalities and suggest a pathway from obesity to brain-structure abnormalities to neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leian Chen
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaokun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuye Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoqian Niu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dantao Peng
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Neurology, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Sarno G, Frias-Toral E, Ceriani F, Montalván M, Quintero B, Suárez R, García Velasquèz E, Muscogiuri G, Iannelli A, Pilone V, Schiavo L. The Impact and Effectiveness of Weight Loss on Kidney Transplant Outcomes: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112508. [PMID: 37299471 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that leads to several non-communicable illnesses, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Diet and lifestyle modifications have shown a limited impact in the treatment of obesity. Because the group of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients examined in this study had limited access to kidney transplantation (KT), patients with obesity were thought to be at an increased risk of intraoperative and postoperative KT complications. Although bariatric surgery (BS) is now recognized as the gold standard treatment for morbid obesity, its role in ESRD or kidney transplant patients remains unknown. It is critical to know the correlation between weight loss and complications before and after KT, the impact of the overall graft, and patients' survival. Hence, this narrative review aims to present updated reports addressing when to perform surgery (before or after a KT), which surgical procedure to perform, and again, if strategies to avoid weight regain must be specific for these patients. It also analyzes the metabolic alterations produced by BS and studies its cost-effectiveness pre- and post-transplantation. Due to the better outcomes found in KT recipients, the authors consider it more convenient to perform BS before KT. However, more multicenter trials are required to provide a solid foundation for these recommendations in ERSD patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Sarno
- San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, University Hospital, Scuola Medica Salernitana, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espìritu Santo, Samborondòn 091952, Ecuador
| | - Florencia Ceriani
- Nutrition School, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Ricaldoni s/n, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay
| | - Martha Montalván
- School of Medicine, Universidad Catòlica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador
| | - Beatriz Quintero
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 110101, Ecuador
| | - Rosario Suárez
- School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 110101, Ecuador
| | | | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, University Hospital of Nice, Cimiez Hospital, 06000 Nice, France
- Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Archet 2 Hospital, 06200 Nice, France
- Inserm, U1065, Team 8 "Hepatic Complications of Obesity and Alcohol", 06204 Nice, France
| | - Vincenzo Pilone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- National Biodiversiy Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Zhu Y, Zhou X, Ling N, Yu Q, Wang H, Du Q. The Effect of Guisangyou Tea on Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Mice Induced by High-Fat Diet. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112171. [PMID: 37297416 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Guisangyou tea (GSY tea) in improving abnormal lipid metabolism in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that intervention of the water extract of GSY tea (WE) decreased serum levels of lipids, and positively regulated the related antioxidant enzyme activities and the inflammatory factors in the serum and liver. In the liver, the mRNA and protein expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) related to lipid synthesis were downregulated, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer partner (SHP) related to bile acid production were upregulated. The results demonstrate that GSY tea can improve abnormal lipid metabolism in obese mice by improving the body's antioxidant capacity, regulating the inflammatory state, and reducing the synthesis of lipids and increasing the production of bile acids. GSY tea can be processed and utilized as a safe and effective resource for improving abnormal lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- College of Food and Health Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xianghui Zhou
- College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Nan Ling
- College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Qiming Yu
- College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541100, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- College of Food and Health Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qizhen Du
- College of Food and Health Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Donghia R, Schiano Di Cola R, Cesaro F, Vitale A, Lippolis G, Lisco T, Isernia R, De Pergola G, De Nucci S, Rinaldi R, Liso M, Giardiello C. Gender and Liver Steatosis Discriminate Different Physiological Patterns in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Obesity Center Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102381. [PMID: 37242264 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. Bariatric surgery can reduce body weight, and it is one of the better ways to improve metabolic disease and lifestyle. The aim of this study was to explore a new cohort of patients with obesity and evaluate the gender differences and the steatosis status within the gender group. METHODS A cohort of 250 adult obese patients with BMI ≥ 30 and age >18 years, eligible for gastric bariatric surgery at Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno (Italy) was studied. RESULTS The prevalence in women was higher (72.40%) than men (27.60%). Overall, results indicated many statistically significant gender differences in hematological and clinical parameters. Analysis of the subcohorts based on the severity of steatosis revealed differences of this condition between the genders. Steatosis was more prevalent in the male subcohort, but female patients revealed greater within-group differences. CONCLUSIONS Many differences were found not only in the total cohort but also between the gender subcohorts, both in the presence and absence of steatosis. We can conclude that the pathophysiological, genetic, and hormonal patterns affecting these patients delineate different individual profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Vitale
- Pineta Grande Hospital, 81030 Castel Volturno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Teresa Lisco
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Roberta Isernia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Pergola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Sara De Nucci
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Roberta Rinaldi
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Cristiano Giardiello
- National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis", 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
- Pineta Grande Hospital, 81030 Castel Volturno, Italy
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Huang Q, Tian L, Zhang Y, Qiu Z, Lei S, Xia ZY. Nobiletin alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via ferroptosis in rats with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114795. [PMID: 37146415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in type-2 diabetes (T2DM) remains disputed, although studies have reported that ferroptosis is associated with myocardial IR injury. Nobiletin, a flavonoid isolated from citrus peels, is an antioxidant that possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. However, it remains unknown whether nobiletin has any protective effects on susceptibility to myocardial IR injury during T2DM in rats via ferroptosis. To investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of nobiletin on myocardial IR injury during T2DM, we induced myocardial IR model in rats at T2DM onset vs mature disease. We also established a high-fat high-glucose (HFHG) and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model in H9c2 cells to imitate abnormal glycolipid metabolism during T2DM. Myocardial injury, oxidative stress and ferroptosis towards myocardial IR in rats with mature T2DM but not at T2DM onset were increased. These changes were restored under treatment with ferrostain-1 or nobiletin. Both ferrostain-1 and nobiletin decreased the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins including Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) but not glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in rats with mature T2DM and cells with HFHG and H/R injury. Nobiletin strengthened the effect of si-ACSL4 on inhibiting ACSL4 expression, and also inhibited the effect of Erastin or oe-ACSL4 on increasing ACSL4 expression. Taken together, our data indicates that ferroptosis involves in susceptibility to myocardial IR injury in rats during T2DM. Nobiletin has therapeutic potential for alleviating myocardial IR injury associated with ACSL4- and NCOA4-related ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Huang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Liqun Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China; Department of Anaesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincical Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Resoiratory Critical Medicine, PR China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Wuhan Univ, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, PR China.
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Aiman U, Mylavarapu M, Gohil NV, Holge S, Gajre A, Akhila K, Ghadge NM. Obesity: An Instagram Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e39619. [PMID: 37388585 PMCID: PMC10300379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the pathophysiology of obesity is widely recognized, its psychological and social aspects have received more attention in treatment and prevention. Social media technological advancements offer a quicker, more accessible, and broader platform for the dissemination of information. Hence, social media may significantly impact eating habits and body image development in children and adolescents, potentially turning into a risk factor for obesity if the behaviors being pushed are not consistent with a healthy lifestyle. Aim This study aims to evaluate the quality and reliability of content being circulated on Instagram related to the disease "obesity." Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted virtually over a period of ten days. Six hashtags related to the disease "obesity" were screened. Posts in the languages "English" or "Hindi" containing information about the disease "obesity" were included in the study. A questionnaire was made to assess these posts based on various pre-determined categories: type of post, type of information circulated, quality, reliability, and correctness. Results After applying the inclusion criteria, 420 posts were included in our study. 84% of the relevant posts were images/posts, and 15% were videos. Only 17% were posted by doctors, while the health and wellness industry posted around 54.52%. Survivors/persons suffering from the disease contributed to 13.81%, while that from dietitians was 6.43%, and that from new agencies was only 1.19%. The number of correct posts by doctors, nurses, and hospitals was 54.93%, and others were 37.7%. The posts by doctors, nurses, and hospitals were more reliable compared to others (statistically significant p<0.05). Conclusion This study highlights the need for continued monitoring and evaluation of the social media platform Instagram for the spread of healthcare information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umme Aiman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bhaskar Medical College and Hospitals, Hyderabad, IND
| | | | - Namra V Gohil
- Internal Medicine, Medical College Baroda, Vadodara, IND
| | - Shubham Holge
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sindhudurg, IND
| | - Ashwin Gajre
- Internal Medicine, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, IND
| | - Kodali Akhila
- Medicine, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, IND
| | - Nitin M Ghadge
- Communicable Disease, New York State Department of Health, Albany, USA
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Masenga SK, Kabwe LS, Chakulya M, Kirabo A. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7898. [PMID: 37175603 PMCID: PMC10178199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Metabolic syndrome is closely related to obesity. Increased adiposity promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors of various complications involving metabolic syndrome components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. An increasing number of studies confirm the importance of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the etiology of metabolic syndrome. However, few studies have reviewed the mechanisms underlying the role of oxidative stress in contributing to metabolic syndrome. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase mitochondrial dysfunction, protein damage, lipid peroxidation, and impair antioxidant function in metabolic syndrome. Biomarkers of oxidative stress can be used in disease diagnosis and evaluation of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
- Department of Medicine, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Lombe S. Kabwe
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
| | - Martin Chakulya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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Brzecka A, Martynowicz H, Daroszewski C, Majchrzak M, Ejma M, Misiuk-Hojło M, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Kosacka M. The Modulation of Adipokines, Adipomyokines, and Sleep Disorders on Carcinogenesis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072655. [PMID: 37048738 PMCID: PMC10094938 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and sarcopenia, i.e., decreased skeletal muscle mass and function, are global health challenges. Moreover, people with obesity and sedentary lifestyles often have sleep disorders. Despite the potential associations, metabolic disturbances linking obesity, sarcopenia, and sleep disorders with cancer are neither well-defined nor understood fully. Abnormal levels of adipokines and adipomyokines originating from both adipose tissue and skeletal muscles are observed in some patients with obesity, sarcopenia and sleep disorders, as well as in cancer patients. This warrants investigation with respect to carcinogenesis. Adipokines and adipomyokines may exert either pro-carcinogenic or anti-carcinogenic effects. These factors, acting independently or together, may significantly modulate the incidence and progression of cancer. This review indicates that one of the possible pathways influencing the development of cancer may be the mutual relationship between obesity and/or sarcopenia, sleep quantity and quality, and adipokines/adipomyokines excretion. Taking into account the high proportion of persons with obesity and sedentary lifestyles, as well as the associations of these conditions with sleep disturbances, more attention should be paid to the individual and combined effects on cancer pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brzecka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszyńska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cyryl Daroszewski
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszyńska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Majchrzak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, Grabiszyńska105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Ejma
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Misiuk-Hojło
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Siva G. Somasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, 223 West Main Street, Salem, WV 26426, USA
| | - Cecil E. Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, 223 West Main Street, Salem, WV 26426, USA
| | - Monika Kosacka
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Grabiszyńska 105, 53-439 Wroclaw, Poland
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Crucial Regulatory Role of Organokines in Relation to Metabolic Changes in Non-Diabetic Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020270. [PMID: 36837889 PMCID: PMC9967669 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat leading to a plethora of medical complications, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. Formerly, several physiological roles of organokines, including adipokines, hepatokines, myokines and gut hormones have been described in obesity, especially in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation. The canonical effect of these biologically active peptides and proteins may serve as an intermediate regulatory level that connects the central nervous system and the endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine actions of organs responsible for metabolic and inflammatory processes. Better understanding of the function of this delicately tuned network may provide an explanation for the wide range of obesity phenotypes with remarkable inter-individual differences regarding comorbidities and therapeutic responses. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the role of organokines in the lipid and glucose metabolism focusing on the obese non-diabetic subgroup. We also discuss the latest findings about sarcopenic obesity, which has recently become one of the most relevant metabolic disturbances in the aging population.
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Fernando DG, Saravia FL, Atkinson SN, Barron M, Kirby JR, Kindel TL. A single, peri-operative antibiotic can persistently alter the post-operative gut microbiome after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:1476-1486. [PMID: 35768736 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) significantly alters the gut microbiome and may be a mechanism for post-operative cardiovascular disease improvement. We have previously found an association between the class of peri-operative, intravenous antibiotic administered at the time of RYGB and the resolution rate of hypertension suggesting the gut microbiome as a mechanism. In this study, we performed a prospective study of RYGB to determine if a single intravenous antibiotic could alter the gastrointestinal microbial composition. METHODS Patients undergoing RYGB were randomized to a single, peri-operative antibiotic of intravenous cefazolin (n = 8) or clindamycin (n = 8). Stool samples were collected from four-time points: 2 weeks pre-op (- 2w), 2 days pre-op (- 2d), 2 weeks post-op (+ 2w) and 3 months post-op (+ 3m). Stool samples were processed for genomic DNA followed by Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing (MGS). RESULTS A total of 60 stool samples (- 2w, n = 16; - 2d, n = 15; + 2w, n = 16; + 3m, n = 13) from 16 patients were analyzed. 87.5% of patients were female with an average age of 48.6 ± 12.2 years and pre-operative BMI of 50.9 ± 23.3 kg/m2. RYGB induced statistically significant differences in alpha and beta diversity. There were statistically significant differences in alpha diversity at + 2w and beta diversity at + 3m due to antibiotic treatment. MGS revealed significantly distinct gut microbiota with 11 discriminatory metagenomic assembled genomes driven by antibiotic treatment at 3 months post-op, including increased Bifidobacterium spp. with clindamycin. CONCLUSION RYGB induces significant changes in the gut microbiome at 2 weeks that are maintained 3 months after surgery. However, the single peri-operative dose of antibiotic administered at the time of RYGB induces unique and persisting changes to the gut microbiome that are antibiotic-specific. Increased Bifidobacterium spp. with clindamycin administration may improve the metabolic efficacy of RYGB when considering gut-microbiome driven mechanisms for blood pressure resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deemantha G Fernando
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8900 W. Doyne Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Fatima L Saravia
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8900 W. Doyne Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Samantha N Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8900 W. Doyne Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8900 W. Doyne Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Matthew Barron
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8900 W. Doyne Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - John R Kirby
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8900 W. Doyne Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Tammy L Kindel
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8900 W. Doyne Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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Wang JY, Wang QW, Yang XY, Yang W, Li DR, Jin JY, Zhang HC, Zhang XF. GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity: Role as a promising approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1085799. [PMID: 36843578 PMCID: PMC9945324 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation which is caused by genetic, environmental and other factors. In recent years, there has been an increase in the morbidity, disability rate,and mortality due to obesity, making it great threat to people's health and lives, and increasing public health care expenses. Evidence from previous studies show that weight loss can significantly reduce the risk of obesity-related complications and chronic diseases. Diet control, moderate exercise, behavior modification programs, bariatric surgery and prescription drug treatment are the major interventions used to help people lose weight. Among them, anti-obesity drugs have high compliance rates and cause noticeable short-term effects in reducing obese levels. However, given the safety or effectiveness concerns of anti-obesity drugs, many of the currently used drugs have limited clinical use. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists are a group of drugs that targets incretin hormone action, and its receptors are widely distributed in nerves, islets, heart, lung, skin, and other organs. Several animal experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that GLP-1R agonists are more effective in treating or preventing obesity. Therefore, GLP-1R agonists are promising agents for the treatment of obese individuals. This review describes evidence from previous research on the effects of GLP-1R agonists on obesity. We anticipate that this review will generate data that will help biomedical researchers or clinical workers develop obesity treatments based on GLP-1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Quan-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong-Rui Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing-Yu Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui-Cong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xian-Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Li Z, Daniel S, Fujioka K, Umashanker D. Obesity among Asian American people in the United States: A review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:316-328. [PMID: 36695056 PMCID: PMC10108164 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Standard measures of obesity, i.e., body weight and BMI, suggest that Asian American people have a lower obesity prevalence than other racial groups in the United States. However, Asian American people face a unique challenge in their pattern of adiposity with central obesity, which raises the risk for multiple comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease, at a lower BMI compared with other populations. Several organizations recommend lower BMI cutoffs for obesity in Asian people (BMI ≥25.0 or ≥27.5 kg/m2 ) instead of the standard ≥30.0 kg/m2 threshold. The risks of obesity and related comorbidities in this population are further influenced by diet, physical activity, perceptions of health, and access to information and therapies. Asian-specific parameters for assessing obesity should become a standard part of clinical practice. Asian American people should equally be offered subgroup-specific tailored interventions owing to heterogeneity of this population. Access to medications and surgery should be improved, in part by updating US indications for therapies to reflect race-specific obesity thresholds and through inclusion of Asian American people of all subtypes with lower BMI values in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Li
- Center for Human Nutrition, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ken Fujioka
- Scripps Clinic Del Mar, San Diego, California, USA
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Adiposity and Cardiac Defects: Pathophysiology and Etiology. Cureus 2023; 15:e34026. [PMID: 36824557 PMCID: PMC9941023 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide obesity epidemic is well known, with most countries experiencing rises in obesity incidence since the 1980s. Obesity directly contributes to the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep problems. Obesity, in addition to other cardiovascular risk factors, contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular disease mortality. Recent research suggests that abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference, is a risk factor for CVD that is independent of body mass index. As adipose tissue develops excessively, the individual's heart structure and function undergo a range of adaptations and changes. Obesity is a long-term metabolic disease that is linked to CVD, more hospitalizations, and more deaths. Even in the case of high blood pressure or a persistent structural heart problem, it is clear that when too much fat builds up, the structure and function of the heart change in a number of ways. In addition to its indirect effects, obesity has a number of direct and indirect effects on the cardiovascular system which makes it more likely for people to get sick or die. There may not be a direct link between total body fat and heart rate because the heart rate goes down when body fat percent goes up. High cardiac output in obese people is mostly caused by a rise in stroke volume to meet the metabolic needs of adipose tissue. Cardiomyopathy is caused by a direct effect of obesity on the heart. This is called adipositas cordis. Overweight and obesity can cause or be linked to a number of heart problems, such as coronary artery disease, cardiac arrest, and sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Muacevic
- Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - John R Adler
- Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Pan X, Zhang X, Ban J, Yue L, Ren L, Chen S. Effects of High-Fat Diet on Cardiovascular Protein Expression in Mice Based on Proteomics. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:873-882. [PMID: 37012931 PMCID: PMC10066704 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s405327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of high-fat diet on protein expression in mouse heart and aorta using proteomic techniques. METHODS A high-fat diet was used to construct an obese mouse model, and body weight was checked regularly. After the experiment, serum lipid and oxidative stress levels were measured. Proteomic detection of cardiac and aortic protein expression. Cardiac and aortic common differentially expressed proteins (Co-DEPs) were screened based on proteomic results. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis and screening of key proteins were performed. RESULTS A high-fat diet significantly increased body weight in mice. Obese mice had considerably higher levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, ROS, and MDA. In the heart and aorta, 17 Co-DEPs were discovered. The results of functional analysis of these proteins indicated that they were mainly related to lipid metabolism. Ech1, Decr1, Hsd17b4, Hsdl2 and Acadvl were screened as key proteins. In mice, a high-fat diet causes lipid metabolism to become disrupted, resulting in higher levels of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products. CONCLUSION Ech1, Decr1, Hsd17b4, Hsdl2 and Acadvl as cardiac and aortic Co-DEPs are closely related to lipid metabolism and may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for obesity-induced cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Ban
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Shuchun Chen, Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 31185988406, Email
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Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Circadian Clock Disruption, and Metabolic Consequences. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010060. [PMID: 36676985 PMCID: PMC9863434 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of apnea and hypopnea during sleep. It is associated with various cardiovascular and metabolic complications, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Many pathways can be responsible for T2DM development in OSA patients, e.g., those related to HIF-1 and SIRT1 expression. Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms, such as miRNA181a or miRNA199, are postulated to play a pivotal role in this link. It has been proven that OSA increases the occurrence of circadian clock disruption, which is also a risk factor for metabolic disease development. Circadian clock disruption impairs the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and the secretion of bile acids. Therefore, OSA-induced circadian clock disruption may be a potential, complex, underlying pathway involved in developing and exacerbating metabolic diseases among OSA patients. The current paper summarizes the available information pertaining to the relationship between OSA and circadian clock disruption in the context of potential mechanisms leading to metabolic disorders.
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