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Subbarayan R, Srinivasan D, Shadula Osmania S, Murugan Girija D, Ikhlas S, Srivastav N, Balakrishnan R, Shrestha R, Chauhan A. Molecular insights on Eltrombopag: potential mitogen stimulants, angiogenesis, and therapeutic radioprotectant through TPO-R activation. Platelets 2024; 35:2359028. [PMID: 38832545 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2359028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular interactions and potential therapeutic uses of Eltrombopag (EPAG), a small molecule that activates the cMPL receptor. EPAG has been found to be effective in increasing platelet levels and alleviating thrombocytopenia. We utilized computational techniques to predict and confirm the complex formed by the ligand (EPAG) and the Thrombopoietin receptor (TPO-R) cMPL, elucidating the role of RAS, JAK-2, STAT-3, and other essential elements for downstream signaling. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to evaluate the stability of the ligand across specific proteins, showing favorable characteristics. For the first time, we examined the presence of TPO-R in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSC) and human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (hGMSC) proliferation. Furthermore, treatment with EPAG demonstrated angiogenesis and vasculature formation of endothelial lineage derived from both MSCs. It also indicated the activation of critical factors such as RUNX-1, GFI-1b, VEGF-A, MYB, GOF-1, and FLI-1. Additional experiments confirmed that EPAG could be an ideal molecule for protecting against UVB radiation damage, as gene expression (JAK-2, ERK-2, MCL-1, NFkB, and STAT-3) and protein CD90/cMPL analysis showed TPO-R activation in both hUCMSC and hGMSC. Overall, EPAG exhibits significant potential in treating radiation damage and mitigating the side effects of radiotherapy, warranting further clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Subbarayan
- Centre for Advanced Biotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine, Research-FAHS, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Dhasarathdev Srinivasan
- Centre for Advanced Biotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine, Research-FAHS, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Salman Shadula Osmania
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Shoeb Ikhlas
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nityanand Srivastav
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ranjith Balakrishnan
- Centre for Advanced Biotherapeutics and Regenerative Medicine, Research-FAHS, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | | | - Ankush Chauhan
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
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Deng J, Tan Y, Xu Z, Wang H. Advances in hematopoietic stem cells ex vivo expansion associated with bone marrow niche. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05773-1. [PMID: 38684510 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are an ideal source for the treatment of many hematological diseases and malignancies, as well as diseases of other systems, because of their two important features, self-renewal and multipotential differentiation, which have the ability to rebuild the blood system and immune system of the body. However, so far, the insufficient number of available HSCs, whether from bone marrow (BM), mobilized peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood, is still the main restricting factor for the clinical application. Therefore, strategies to expand HSCs numbers and maintain HSCs functions through ex vivo culture are urgently required. In this review, we outline the basic biology characteristics of HSCs, and focus on the regulatory factors in BM niche affecting the functions of HSCs. Then, we introduce several representative strategies used for HSCs from these three sources ex vivo expansion associated with BM niche. These findings have deepened our understanding of the mechanisms by which HSCs balance self-renewal and differentiation and provided a theoretical basis for the efficient clinical HSCs expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Deng
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Disease of Shanxi Province, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhong Tan
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Disease of Shanxi Province, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Disease of Shanxi Province, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Institute of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Disease of Shanxi Province, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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3
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Fereydani NM, Galehdari H, Hoveizi E, Alghasi A, Ajami M. Ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in two/ three-dimensional co-cultures with various source of stromal cells. Tissue Cell 2024; 87:102331. [PMID: 38430847 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells, with both high quantities and quality, is considered a paramount issue in cell and gene therapy for hematological diseases. Complex interactions between the bone marrow microenvironment and hematopoietic stem cells reveal the importance of using 2D and 3D coculture as a physiological system simulator in the proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis of HSCs. Herein, the capacity of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different sources to support the expansion and maintenance of HSPC was compared with each other. We evaluated the fold increase of HSPC, CD34 marker expression, cytokine secretion profile of different MSCs, and the frequency of hematopoietic colony-forming unit parameters. Our results show that there was no significant difference between adipose tissue-MSC, Wharton jelly-MSC, and Endometrial-MSCs in HSPC expansion (fold increase: 34.74±4.38 in Wj-MSC, 32.22±5.07 in AD-MSC, 25.9±1.27 in En-MSCs); However, there were significantly more than the expansion media alone (4.4±0.69). The results obtained from the cytokine secretion analysis also confirm these results. Also, there were significant differences in the clonogenicity of Wj-MSC, En-MSCs, and expansion media (CFU-GEMM: 7±1.73, 2.3±1.15, and 2.3±1.52), which indicated that Wj-MSC could significantly maintain the primitive state. As a result, using Wj-mesenchymal stem cells on a 3D coculture system effectively increases the HSPC expansion and maintains the colonization potential of hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Mayeli Fereydani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Galehdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Elham Hoveizi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Arash Alghasi
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research center, Health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Monireh Ajami
- Department of Hematology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Ishitsuka K, Nishikii H, Kimura T, Sugiyama-Finnis A, Yamazaki S. Purging myeloma cell contaminants and simultaneous expansion of peripheral blood-mobilized stem cells. Exp Hematol 2024; 131:104138. [PMID: 38151170 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.104138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are widely used as a cellular source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the clinical treatment of hematological malignancies. After transplantation therapy, delays in hematopoietic recovery due to insufficient donor-derived HSCs can lead to increased risks of life-threatening infections and bleeding. Our previous studies developed an efficient ex vivo expansion culture medium (3a medium) for umbilical cord blood-derived HSCs (CBSCs), offering a potential solution to this problem. Nevertheless, the broader applicability of our culture method to alternative cell sources and, of greater significance, its efficacy in eliminating potentially disease-associated contaminated tumor cells, especially in autologous transplantation, raise critical clinical questions. In this study, we modified the 3a medium by incorporating UM729 to replace UM171, adding FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) ligand, and adjusting the concentrations of butyzamide, 740Y-P, polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (PCL-PVAc-PEG, Soluplus) to create the modified-3a medium. This sophistication allowed the efficient expansion of not only CBSCs but also peripheral blood-mobilized HSCs (PBSCs). Additionally, we successfully removed contaminated myeloma cells by adding bortezomib and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) at appropriate concentrations, although we maintained HSCs through the addition of lenalidomide. Our research findings present the potential for widespread clinical application of the modified-3a medium and suggest a safe ex vivo culture technique for expanding human HSCs within peripheral blood-derived donor grafts used for autologous HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantaro Ishitsuka
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishikii
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takaharu Kimura
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayano Sugiyama-Finnis
- Division of Cell Regulation, Center of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Tsukuba University, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Zou H, Wong RSM, Yan X. Thrombopoietin treats erythropoietin resistance by correcting EPO-induced progenitorcell depletion. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:116008. [PMID: 38154543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is a prevalent treatment for anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. However, up to 10% of these patients exhibit EPO resistance or hyporesponsiveness, which may be caused by the depletion of erythroid progenitor cells. Thrombopoietin (TPO) has the potential to promote the growth of early progenitor cells and correct the depletion. In this study, we investigate the efficacy and the underlying mechanism of the combination therapy of TPO and EPO to EPO resistance. First, the in vivo studies suggested that intensive EPO treatment induced progenitor cell depletion in the bone marrow, where the depletion was corrected by TPO. Then, colony assays showed that EPO and TPO synergistically enhanced the burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) production but antagonistically boosted the colony-forming units of megakaryocytes (CFU-MK) production. Also, we found TPO promoted hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) production, while EPO drove HSPCs toward the erythroid lineage. Additionally, EPO induced more megakaryocytic-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) toward the erythroid output. Model-based simulations indicate the efficacy of this combination therapy for treating EPO-resistant anemia in rats. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the efficacy of combination therapy in addressing EPO-resistant anemia by correcting EPO-induced erythroid progenitor depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixi Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Raymond S M Wong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Boby N, Williams KM, Das A, Pahar B. Toll-like Receptor 2 Mediated Immune Regulation in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1861. [PMID: 38140264 PMCID: PMC10747659 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial to the innate immune response. They regulate inflammatory reactions by initiating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. TLRs also play a role in shaping the adaptive immune responses. While this protective response is important for eliminating infectious pathogens, persistent activation of TLRs may result in chronic immune activation, leading to detrimental effects. The role of TLR2 in regulating HIV-1 infection in vivo has yet to be well described. In this study, we used an SIV-infected rhesus macaque model to simulate HIV infection in humans. We evaluated the plasma of the macaques longitudinally and found a significant increase in the soluble TLR2 (sTLR2) level after SIV infection. We also observed an increase in membrane-bound TLR2 (mb-TLR2) in cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and NK cells in PBMC and NK cells in the gut after infection. Our results suggest that sTLR2 regulates the production of various cytokines and chemokines, including IL-18, IL-1RA, IL-15, IL-13, IL-9, TPO, FLT3L, and IL-17F, as well as chemokines, including IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-2, ENA-78, GRO-α, I-TAC, Fractalkine, SDF-1α, and MIP-3α. Interestingly, these cytokines and chemokines were also upregulated after the infection. The positive correlation between SIV copy number and sTLR2 in the plasma indicated the involvement of TLR2 in the regulation of viral replication. These cytokines and chemokines could directly or indirectly regulate viral replication through the TLR2 signaling pathways. When we stimulated PBMC with the TLR2 agonist in vitro, we observed a direct induction of various cytokines and chemokines. Some of these cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1RA, IL-9, IL-15, GRO-α, and ENA-78, were positively correlated with sTLR2 in vivo, highlighting the direct involvement of TLR2 in the regulation of the production of these factors. Our findings suggest that TLR2 expression may be a target for developing new therapeutic strategies to combat HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nongthombam Boby
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (N.B.); (K.M.W.)
| | - Kelsey M. Williams
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (N.B.); (K.M.W.)
| | - Arpita Das
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA;
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA; (N.B.); (K.M.W.)
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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7
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Karpova D. Clonal hematopoiesis in frequent whole blood donors. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2023; 2023:299-304. [PMID: 38066913 PMCID: PMC10727091 DOI: 10.1182/hematology.2023000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Healthy volunteer donors are committed to contributing key medical resources. Repeated, regular donation of whole blood represents a specific trigger of hematopoietic stress. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are known to respond to environmental triggers by altering their differentiation and/or proliferative behavior. This can manifest in long-term changes in the clonal dynamics of HSCs, such as the age-associated expansion of HSCs carrying somatic mutations in genes associated with hematologic cancers-that is, clonal hematopoiesis (CH). A recent study revealed a higher prevalence of CH in frequent donors driven by low-risk mutations in genes encoding for epigenetic modifiers, with DNMT3A and TET2 being the most common. No difference in the prevalence of known preleukemic driver mutations was detected between the cohorts, underscoring the safety of repetitive blood donations. Functional analyses suggest a link between the presence of selected DNMT3A mutations found in the frequent donor group and the responsiveness of the cells to the molecular mediator of bleeding stress, erythropoietin (EPO), but not inflammation. These findings define EPO as one of the environmental factors that provide a fitness advantage to specific mutant HSCs. Analyzing CH prevalence and characteristics in other donor cohorts will be important to comprehensively assess the health risks associated with the different types of donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Karpova
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
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Fu H, Lv M, Liu H, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Mo X, Han T, Wang F, Yan C, Wang Y, Kong J, Han W, Chen H, Chen Y, Chen Y, Xu L, Liu K, Huang X, Zhang X. Thrombopoietin level predicts the response to avatrombopag treatment for persistent thrombocytopenia after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:1368-1376. [PMID: 37679646 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-023-02100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent thrombocytopenia (PT) has an unsatisfactory response to therapy after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). We retrospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of avatrombopag treatment in 69 patients with PT following haplo-HSCT and assessed whether baseline thrombopoietin (TPO) levels could predict treatment response. Overall response (OR) and complete response (CR) were defined as increased platelet levels to over 20 × 109/L or 50 × 109/L independent of platelet transfusion during or within 7 days of the end of avatrombopag treatment, respectively. The incidences of OR and CR were 72.5% and 58.0%, with a median of 11 and 29 days to OR and CR, respectively. ROC analysis suggested that the optimally discriminant baseline TPO level threshold for both OR and CR to avatrombopag was ≤ 1714 pg/mL. In multivariate analysis, a lower baseline TPO level (P = 0.005) was a significant independent factor of response to avatrombopag. For patients resistant to other TPO receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), 9/16 (56.3%) exhibited a response after switching to avatrombopag. Avatrombopag was well tolerated, and responders achieved improved overall survival (79.0% vs. 91.1%, P = 0.001). In conclusion, avatrombopag is a potential safe and effective treatment for PT after haplo-HSCT, and lower baseline TPO levels predicted a better response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Fu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Lv
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqian Sun
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Mo
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Fengrong Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhua Yan
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Kong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Haematology, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Haematology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Haematologic Disease, Beijing, China.
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Karnik SJ, Nazzal MK, Kacena MA, Bruzzaniti A. Megakaryocyte Secreted Factors Regulate Bone Marrow Niche Cells During Skeletal Homeostasis, Aging, and Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:83-95. [PMID: 37243755 PMCID: PMC11179715 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow microenvironment contains a diverse array of cell types under extensive regulatory control and provides for a novel and complex mechanism for bone regulation. Megakaryocytes (MKs) are one such cell type that potentially acts as a master regulator of the bone marrow microenvironment due to its effects on hematopoiesis, osteoblastogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. While several of these processes are induced/inhibited through MK secreted factors, others are primarily regulated by direct cell-cell contact. Notably, the regulatory effects that MKs exert on these different cell populations has been found to change with aging and disease states. Overall, MKs are a critical component of the bone marrow that should be considered when examining regulation of the skeletal microenvironment. An increased understanding of the role of MKs in these physiological processes may provide insight into novel therapies that can be used to target specific pathways important in hematopoietic and skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali J Karnik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Murad K Nazzal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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10
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Lai J, Li Y, Ran M, Huang Q, Huang F, Zhu L, Wu Y, Zou W, Xie X, Tang Y, Yang F, Wu A, Ge G, Wu J. Xanthotoxin, a novel inducer of platelet formation, promotes thrombocytopoiesis via IL-1R1 and MEK/ERK signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114811. [PMID: 37156117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological disease caused by many factors. It usually complicates critical diseases and increases morbidity and mortality. The treatment of thrombocytopenia remains a great challenge in clinical practice, however, its treatment options are limited. In this study, the active monomer xanthotoxin (XAT) was screened out to explore its medicinal value and provide novel therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of thrombocytopenia. METHODS The effects of XAT on megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation were detected by flow cytometry, Giemsa and phalloidin staining. RNA-seq identified differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways. The signaling pathway and transcription factors were verified through WB and immunofluorescence staining. Tg (cd41: eGFP) transgenic zebrafish and mice with thrombocytopenia were used to evaluate the biological activity of XAT on platelet formation and the related hematopoietic organ index in vivo. RESULTS XAT promoted the differentiation and maturation of Meg-01 cells in vitro. Meanwhile, XAT could stimulate platelet formation in transgenic zebrafish and recover platelet production and function in irradiation-induced thrombocytopenia mice. Further RNA-seq prediction and WB verification revealed that XAT activates the IL-1R1 target and MEK/ERK signaling pathway, and upregulates the expression of transcription factors related to the hematopoietic lineage to promote megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet formation. CONCLUSION XAT accelerates megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation to promote platelet production and recovery through triggering IL-1R1 and activating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, providing a new pharmacotherapy strategy for thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mei Ran
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Linjie Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuesong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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11
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rhTPO Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cell Injury in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041953. [PMID: 36838940 PMCID: PMC9961369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to medium and high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) can induce long-term bone marrow (BM) suppression. We previously showed that recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) significantly promotes recovery from hematopoietic-acute radiation syndrome, but its effect on long-term BM suppression remains unknown. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 6.5 Gy γ-rays of total body irradiation (TBI) at a dose-rate of 63.01 cGy per minute, and the mice were treated with rhTPO (100 μg; intramuscular injection) or vehicle at 2 h after TBI. All mice were killed one or two months after TBI for analysis of peripheral blood cell counts, long-term hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) frequency, and BM-derived clonogenic activity. The HSC self-renewal capacity was analyzed by BM transplantation. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ratios of γH2AX+ and p16, p53, and p21 mRNA in HSCs were measured by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Treatment with rhTPO reduced long-term myelosuppression by improving long-term hematopoietic reconstitution (p < 0.05) after transplantation and resting state maintenance of HSCs (p < 0.05). Moreover, rhTPO treatment was associated with a sustained reduction in long-term ROS production, reduction of long-term DNA damage, diminished p53/p21 mRNA expression, and prevention of senescence after TBI. This study suggests rhTPO is an effective agent for treating IR-induced long-term BM injury because it regulates hematopoietic remodeling and HSC cycle disorder through the ROS/p53/p21/p16 pathway long term after IR.
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12
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Liu B, Jin M, Wang DA. In vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem cells in a porous hydrogel-based 3D culture system. Acta Biomater 2023; 161:67-79. [PMID: 36754271 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation remains the most effective therapy for hematologic and lymphoid disorders. However, as the primary therapeutic cells, the source of HSCs has been limited due to the scarcity of matched donors and difficulties in ex vivo expansion. Here, we described a facile method to attempt the expansion of HSCs in vitro through a porous alginate hydrogel-based 3D culture system. We used gelatin powders as the porogen to create submillimeter-scaled pores in alginate gel bulk while pre-embedding naïve HSCs in the gel phase. The results indicated that this porous hydrogel system performed significantly better than those cultured via conventional suspension or encapsulation in non-porous alginate hydrogels in maintaining the phenotype and renewability of HSCs. Only the porous hydrogel system achieved a two-fold growth of CD34+ cells within seven days of culture, while the number of CD34+ cells in the suspension system and nonporous hydrogel showed different degrees of attenuation. The expansion efficiency of the porous hydrogel for CD34+CD38- cells was more than 2.2 times that of the other two systems. Mechanistic study via biophysical analysis revealed that the porous alginate system was competent to reduce the electron capture caused by biomaterials, decrease cellular oxygen stress, avoid oxidative protection, thus maintaining the cellular phenotype of the CD34+ cells. The transcriptomic analysis further suggested that the porous alginate system also upregulated the TNF signaling pathway and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote the CD34+ cells' survival and maintain cellular homeostasis so that renewability was substantially favoured. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • The reported porous hydrogel system performs significantly better in terms of maintaining the phenotype and renewability of HSCs than those cultured via conventional suspension or encapsulation in non-porous alginate hydrogel. • The reported porous alginate system is competent to reduce the electron capture caused by biomaterials, decrease cellular oxygen stress, avoid oxidative protection, and therefore maintain the cellular phenotype of the CD34+ cells. • The reported porous alginate system can also upregulate the TNF signaling pathway and activate the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote the CD34+ cells' survival and maintain cellular homeostasis so that the renewability is substantially favored..
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangheng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China; Karolinska Institutet Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, HKSTP, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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13
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Guo B, Huang X, Chen Y, Broxmeyer HE. Ex Vivo Expansion and Homing of Human Cord Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1442:85-104. [PMID: 38228960 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-7471-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) has been proven to be an alternative source of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for clinical transplantation and has multiple advantages, including but not limited to greater HLA compatibility, lower incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), higher survival rates and lower relapse rates among patients with minimal residual disease. However, the limited number of HSCs in a single CB unit limits the wider use of CB in clinical treatment. Many efforts have been made to enhance the efficacy of CB HSC transplantation, particularly by ex vivo expansion or enhancing the homing efficiency of HSCs. In this chapter, we will document the major advances regarding human HSC ex vivo expansion and homing and will also discuss the possibility of clinical translation of such laboratory work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Xuhui Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yandan Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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14
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Review on the Biogenesis of Platelets in Lungs and Its Alterations in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Patients. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2023; 2023:7550197. [PMID: 36891250 PMCID: PMC9988383 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7550197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytes (platelets) are the type of blood cells that are involved in hemostasis, thrombosis, etc. For the conversion of megakaryocytes into thrombocytes, the thrombopoietin (TPO) protein is essential which is encoded by the TPO gene. TPO gene is present in the long arm of chromosome number 3 (3q26). This TPO protein interacts with the c-Mpl receptor, which is present on the outer surface of megakaryocytes. As a result, megakaryocyte breaks into the production of functional thrombocytes. Some of the evidence shows that the megakaryocytes, the precursor of thrombocytes, are seen in the lung's interstitium. This review focuses on the involvement of the lungs in the production of thrombocytes and their mechanism. A lot of findings show that viral diseases, which affect the lungs, cause thrombocytopenia in human beings. One of the notable viral diseases is COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 caused a worldwide alarm in 2019 and a lot of people suffered because of this disease. It mainly targets the lung cells for its replication. To enter the cells, these virus targets the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors that are abundantly seen on the surface of the lung cells. Recent reports of COVID-19-affected patients reveal the important fact that these peoples develop thrombocytopenia as a post-COVID condition. This review elaborates on the biogenesis of platelets in the lungs and the alterations of thrombocytes during the COVID-19 infection.
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15
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Ruan Y, Cao W, Luo T, Liu X, Liu Q, Xiao Y, Wu C, Xie D, Ren Y, Wu X, Feng X. Avatrombopag for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in children's patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: A pilot study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1099372. [PMID: 36873638 PMCID: PMC9975496 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1099372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a common and life-threatening complication. Thus, new prevention and treatment strategies for post-HSCT thrombocytopenia are urgently required. In recent studies, thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA) for treating post-HSCT thrombocytopenia indicated efficiency and safety. The improved effect of post-HSCT thrombocytopenia in adults was found in the administration of avatrombopag which was a new TPO-RA. However, there was no relevant study in the children's cohort. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed the effect of avatrombopag in post-HSCT thrombocytopenia in children. As a result, the overall response rate (ORR) and complete response rate (CRR) were 91% and 78%, respectively. Furthermore, both cumulative ORR and CRR were significantly lower in the poor graft function (PGF)/secondary failure of platelet recovery (SFPR) group compared to the engraftment-promotion group (86.7% vs. 100%, p = 0.002 and 65.0% vs. 100%, p < 0.001, respectively). Achieving OR required a median of 16 days in the PGF/SFPR group while 7 days in the engraftment-promotion group (p = 0.003). Grade III-IV acute graft vs. host disease and inadequate megakaryocytes were identified as risk factors of CRR only in univariate analysis (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). No severe adverse events were documented. Conclusively, avatrombopag is an alternatively efficient and safe agent for treating post-HSCT thrombocytopenia in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Ruan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqiong Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuedong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LIPID PROFILE AND COMPLETE BLOOD CELL COUNT PARAMETERS. ACTA MEDICA LEOPOLIENSIA 2022. [DOI: 10.25040/aml2022.3-4.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Aim. Given that blood cells play an important role in both atherogenesis and lipid metabolism, the research aimed to assess the specifics of the relationship between the parameters of the blood lipid spectrum and the complete blood count (CBC).
Materials and Methods. A total of 475 individuals (245 female and 230 male) were included in the study, who simultaneously underwent CBC and determination of lipid profile, namely: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the "Statistica for Windows 6.0" software package (Statsoft, USA).
Results. An increase in levels of TC and LDL-C was associated with an increase in the count of lymphocytes and erythrocytes. A rise in VLDL-C and, accordingly, TG levels, as well as a decrease in the level of HDL-C, were associated with an increase in the total leukocyte count in the blood without a significant change in the ratio of their different types, and an increase in erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The count of platelets was directly related to the level of LDL-C and increased in the case of a combination of elevated levels of LDL-C and TG.
Discussion. The obtained results indicate that the disposal of excess lipoproteins is based on various types of immune reactions. An increase in the levels of VLDL-C and TG is associated with the development of a nonspecific leukocyte reaction, and an increase in LDL-C levels is associated with a more specific platelet-lymphocytic response. A simultaneous increase in LDL-C and TG levels can be associated with the development of both specific and non-specific immune reactions. An increase in the level of HDL-C leads to a decrease in the intensity of innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, the lipid profile of patients should be evaluated by taking into account the blood cell counts, especially in the process of hypolipidemic treatment.
Conclusions. An atherogenic lipid profile is associated with increased counts of all blood cells, reflecting specific and nonspecific immune reactions in response to elevated levels of various lipid groups. Platelets play an important role in lipid metabolism.
Connection of the research with scientific programs, plans, and topics. The study is a fragment of the planned scientific research of the Department of Internal Medicine No. 2 of the Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University: "Peculiarities and markers of the course of internal diseases under conditions of combination with metabolic syndrome and metabolically associated fatty liver disease", state registration number: 0122U000165.
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Hernández-Cano L, Fernández-Infante C, Herranz Ó, Berrocal P, Lozano FS, Sánchez-Martín MA, Porras A, Guerrero C. New functions of C3G in platelet biology: Contribution to ischemia-induced angiogenesis, tumor metastasis and TPO clearance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1026287. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1026287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C3G is a Rap1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor that controls platelet activation, aggregation, and the release of α-granule content. Transgenic expression of C3G in platelets produces a net proangiogenic secretome through the retention of thrombospondin-1. In a physiological context, C3G also promotes megakaryocyte maturation and proplatelet formation, but without affecting mature platelet production. The aim of this work is to investigate whether C3G is involved in pathological megakaryopoiesis, as well as its specific role in platelet mediated angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Using megakaryocyte-specific C3G knockout and transgenic mouse models, we found that both C3G overexpression and deletion promoted platelet-mediated angiogenesis, induced by tumor cell implantation or hindlimb ischemia, through differential release of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. However, only C3G deletion resulted in a higher recruitment of hemangiocytes from the bone marrow. In addition, C3G null expression enhanced thrombopoietin (TPO)-induced platelet production, associated with reduced TPO plasma levels. Moreover, after 5-fluorouracil-induced platelet depletion and rebound, C3G knockout mice showed a defective return to homeostatic platelet levels, indicating impaired platelet turnover. Mechanistically, C3G promotes c-Mpl ubiquitination by inducing Src-mediated c-Cbl phosphorylation and participates in c-Mpl degradation via the proteasome and lysosome systems, affecting TPO internalization. We also unveiled a positive role of platelet C3G in tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation, which facilitated metastatic cell homing and adhesion. Overall, these findings revealed that C3G plays a crucial role in platelet-mediated angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as in platelet level modulation in response to pathogenic stimuli.
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Bain FM, Che JLC, Jassinskaja M, Kent DG. Lessons from early life: understanding development to expand stem cells and treat cancers. Development 2022; 149:277217. [PMID: 36217963 PMCID: PMC9724165 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal is a process that is essential for the development and homeostasis of the blood system. Self-renewal expansion divisions, which create two daughter HSCs from a single parent HSC, can be harnessed to create large numbers of HSCs for a wide range of cell and gene therapies, but the same process is also a driver of the abnormal expansion of HSCs in diseases such as cancer. Although HSCs are first produced during early embryonic development, the key stage and location where they undergo maximal expansion is in the foetal liver, making this tissue a rich source of data for deciphering the molecules driving HSC self-renewal. Another equally interesting stage occurs post-birth, several weeks after HSCs have migrated to the bone marrow, when HSCs undergo a developmental switch and adopt a more dormant state. Characterising these transition points during development is key, both for understanding the evolution of haematological malignancies and for developing methods to promote HSC expansion. In this Spotlight article, we provide an overview of some of the key insights that studying HSC development have brought to the fields of HSC expansion and translational medicine, many of which set the stage for the next big breakthroughs in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M. Bain
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - James L. C. Che
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Maria Jassinskaja
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - David G. Kent
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Author for correspondence ()
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19
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Jankauskaite L, Malinauskas M, Snipaitiene A. Effect of stimulated platelets in COVID-19 thrombosis: Role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1037369. [PMID: 36312286 PMCID: PMC9614055 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1037369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since early 2020, SARS-CoV-2-induced infection resulted in global pandemics with high morbidity, especially in the adult population. COVID-19 is a highly prothrombotic condition associated with subsequent multiorgan failure and lethal outcomes. The exact mechanism of the prothrombotic state is not well understood and might be multifactorial. Nevertheless, platelets are attributed to play a crucial role in COVID-19-associated thrombosis. To date, platelets' role was defined primarily in thrombosis and homeostasis. Currently, more focus has been set on their part in inflammation and immunity. Moreover, their ability to release various soluble factors under activation as well as internalize and degrade specific pathogens has been highly addressed in viral research. This review article will discuss platelet role in COVID-19-associated thrombosis and their role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Multiple studies confirmed that platelets display a hyperactivated phenotype in COVID-19 patients. Critically ill patients demonstrate increased platelet activation markers such as P-selectin, PF4, or serotonin. In addition, platelets contain acetylcholine and express α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAchR). Thus, acetylcholine can be released under activation, and α7nAchR can be stimulated in an autocrine manner and support platelet function. α7 receptor is one of the most important mediators of the anti-inflammatory properties as it is associated with humoral and intrinsic immunity and was demonstrated to contribute to better outcomes in COVID-19 patients when under stimulation. Hematopoietic α7nAchR deficiency increases platelet activation and, in experimental studies, α7nAchR stimulation can diminish the pro-inflammatory state and modulate platelet reactiveness via increased levels of NO. NO has been described to inhibit platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. In addition, acetylcholine has been demonstrated to decrease platelet aggregation possibly by blocking the e p-38 pathway. SARS-CoV-2 proteins have been found to be similar to neurotoxins which can bind to nAChR and prevent the action of acetylcholine. Concluding, the platelet role in COVID-19 thrombotic events could be explained by their active function in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Jankauskaite
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania,Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania,*Correspondence: Lina Jankauskaite
| | - Mantas Malinauskas
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ausra Snipaitiene
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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20
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Beyar-Katz O, Perry C, On YB, Amit O, Gutwein O, Wolach O, Kedar R, Pikovsky O, Avivi I, Gold R, Ben-Ezra J, Shasha D, Ami RB, Ram R. Thrombopoietin receptor agonist for treating bone marrow aplasia following anti-CD19 CAR-T cells-single-center experience. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:1769-1776. [PMID: 35731278 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anti CD-19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells demonstrate effective early anti-tumor response; however, impaired hematopoietic recovery is observed in about 30% of patients with prolonged cytopenia appearing as an unmet need for optimal treatment. All adult patients given commercially available anti CD-19 CAR-T for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) were screened at 21-28 days after CAR-T infusion for cytopenia. In case of severe persistent cytopenia, patients were given TPO receptor agonists. Initial dose of eltrombopag was 50 mg/day and gradually increased to a maximal dose of 150 mg/day. Romiplostim was given as subcutaneous injection once a week for 2 doses (125 mcg). Response was defined as transfusion independency along with resolution of severe neutropenia (ANC > 500 /microL) and/or platelets > 20,000/microL for three consecutive values on different days. TPO receptor agonists were tapered down when response was met. From May 2019 to December 2021, 93 patients were eligible (74%, tisagenlecleucel and 26%, axicabtagene ciloleucel). The median age was 69 (range, 19-85) years. Six patients (6.5%) (tisagenlecleucel, n = 4 or axicabtagene ciloleucel, n = 2) demonstrated prolonged severe cytopenia and were treated with TPO receptor agonists (eltrombopag, n = 4; romiplastim, n = 1, both drugs, n = 1). Median time from CAR-T infusion to initiation of TPO receptor agonist was 43 (range, 21-55) days. All patients were transfusion-dependent and were given daily GCSF prior to TPO receptor agonist administration. Response to TPO receptor agonists was seen in all 6 patients. Median time from TPO receptor agonist initiation to resolution of cytopenia was 22 (range, 8-124) days for Hb, 27 (range, 6-38) days for platelets, and 29 (range, 7-61) days for neutrophils. A complete resolution of all blood counts (ANC > 500 /microL and platelets > 20,000/microL and hemoglobin > 8 gr/dL) was seen in 5/6 patients. No toxicity was observed during the therapy course. This paper supports further investigation of TPO receptor agonists in the treatment of persistent cytopenia following CAR-T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofrat Beyar-Katz
- BMT Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Chava Perry
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Souraski Medical Center, 6 Weitzman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Bar On
- BMT Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Odelia Amit
- BMT Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Odit Gutwein
- Department of Hematology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Ramla, Israel
| | - Ofir Wolach
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - Rotem Kedar
- Department of Hematology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Oleg Pikovsky
- Hematology Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Irit Avivi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Hematology, Tel Aviv Souraski Medical Center, 6 Weitzman Street, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Gold
- BMT Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan Ben-Ezra
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Shasha
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Infectious Disease, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Ben Ami
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Infectious Disease, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Ram
- BMT Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman St, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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21
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Tarantini F, Cumbo C, Anelli L, Zagaria A, Conserva MR, Redavid I, Specchia G, Musto P, Albano F. Exploring the Potential of Eltrombopag: Room for More? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906036. [PMID: 35677428 PMCID: PMC9168361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction in clinical practice, eltrombopag (ELT) has demonstrated efficacy in heterogeneous clinical contexts, encompassing both benign and malignant diseases, thus leading researchers to make a more in-depth study of its mechanism of action. As a result, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that ELT displays many effects ranging from native thrombopoietin agonism to immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic properties. These features collectively explain ELT effectiveness in a broad spectrum of indications; moreover, they suggest that ELT could be effective in different, challenging clinical scenarios. We reviewed the extended ELT mechanism of action in various diseases, with the aim of further exploring its full potential and hypothesize new, fascinating indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tarantini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Cumbo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Anelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Zagaria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Conserva
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Immacolata Redavid
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Pellegrino Musto
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Albano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Albano,
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22
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Luo X, Geng D, Zhang Q, Ye T, Zhang Y, Li Z, Huang Y, Xiang Q. Recombinant expression a novel fibronectin-collage fusion peptide modulating stem cell stemness via integrin β3. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3765-3776. [PMID: 35590080 PMCID: PMC9151557 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Constructing bionic extracellular matrix (ECM) is an attractive proposition for tissue engineering and clinical regeneration therapy involving the stemness of stem cells. Here, a novel recombinant protein fibronectin-collagen peptide (FCP) was designed to modulate the function of ECM expressed by Picha. pastoris strain X33. This FCP promotes cell migration and adhesion and maintains rBMSC stemness by binding integrin β3. Its effects were blocked by both integrin β3 siRNA and the integrin β3 inhibitor Cilengitide. A template-independent ab initio prediction modeling approach is the best approach to construct a stable FCP protein model, which predicts the binding sites between FCP and integrin β3. FCP may be used in the in vitro culture and clinical regeneration of stem cells that highly express integrin β3, such as hematopoietic stem cells. The study provides information on the molecular structure of FCP and its bioactivity, which can be used to design new compounds. Key points • Design a novel recombinant fibronectin-collagen peptide biomimetic ECM. • FCP promotes cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. • Predicted and verified FCP structure and affinity with integrin β3. • FCP binds integrin β3 to maintain rBMSC stemness. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-022-11965-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dezhi Geng
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qirong Zhang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Kao CY, Jiang J, Thompson W, Papoutsakis ET. miR-486-5p and miR-22-3p Enable Megakaryocytic Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells without Thrombopoietin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105355. [PMID: 35628168 PMCID: PMC9141330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes release submicron size microparticles (MkMPs) in circulation. We have shown that MkMPs target CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) to induce megakaryocytic differentiation, and that small RNAs in MkMPs play an important role in the development of this phenotype. Here, using single-molecule real-time (SMRT) RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we identify the synergetic effect of two microRNAs (miRs), miR-486-5p and miR-22-3p (highly enriched in MkMPs), in driving the Mk differentiation of HSPCs in the absence of thrombopoietin (TPO). Separately, our data suggest that the MkMP-induced Mk differentiation of HSPCs is enabled through JNK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. The interaction between the two signaling pathways is likely mediated by a direct target of miR-486-5p and a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling, the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) protein. Our data provide a possible mechanistic explanation of the biological effect of MkMPs in inducing megakaryocytic differentiation of HSPCs, a phenotype of potential physiological significance in stress megakaryopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yuan Kao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Ave. 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.-Y.K.); (J.J.); (W.T.)
| | - Jinlin Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Ave. 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.-Y.K.); (J.J.); (W.T.)
| | - Will Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Ave. 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.-Y.K.); (J.J.); (W.T.)
| | - Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Ave. 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA; (C.-Y.K.); (J.J.); (W.T.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, 590 Ave. 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-831-8376
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24
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Pishmisheva-Peleva M, Kotsev S, Emin D, Simonoski N, Shopova M, Argirova R. Severe thrombocytopenia in primary EBV- Infection with no signs of infectious mononucleosis. A case report. IDCases 2022; 30:e01643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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25
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Battina HL, Alentado VJ, Srour EF, Moliterno AR, Kacena MA. Interaction of the inflammatory response and megakaryocytes in COVID-19 infection. Exp Hematol 2021; 104:32-39. [PMID: 34563606 PMCID: PMC8459550 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanisha L Battina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN
| | - Vincent J Alentado
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN
| | - Alison R Moliterno
- Department of Hematology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN.
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26
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O'Neill A, Chin D, Tan D, Abdul Majeed ABB, Nakamura-Ishizu A, Suda T. Thrombopoietin maintains cell numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with megakaryopoietic potential. Haematologica 2021; 106:1883-1891. [PMID: 32527954 PMCID: PMC8252958 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.241406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin has long been known to influence megakaryopoiesis and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, although the exact mechanisms through which it acts are unknown. Here we show that MPL expression correlates with megakaryopoietic potential of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and identify a population of quiescent hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that show limited dependence on thrombopoietin signaling. We show that thrombopoietin is primarily responsible for maintenance of hematopoietic cells with megakaryocytic differentiation potential and their subsequent megakaryocyte differentiation and maturation. The loss of megakaryocytes in thrombopoietin knockout mouse models results in a reduction of megakaryocyte-derived chemokine platelet factor 4 (CXCL4/PF4) in the bone marrow and administration of recombinant CXCL4/PF4 rescues the loss of quiescence observed in these mice. CXCL4/PF4 treatment does not rescue reduced hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers, suggesting that thrombopoietin maintains hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell numbers directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aled O'Neill
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Desmond Chin
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Tan
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore and Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore and Kumamoto University, Japan
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27
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Shide K. Calreticulin mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 365:179-226. [PMID: 34756244 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) is a chaperone present in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in the quality control of N-glycosylated proteins and storage of calcium ions. In 2013, the C-terminal mutation in CALR was identified in half of the patients with essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis who did not have a JAK2 or MPL mutation. The results of 8 years of intensive research are changing the clinical practice associated with treating myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The presence or absence of CALR mutations and their mutation types already provide important information for diagnosis and treatment decision making. In addition, the interaction with the thrombopoietin receptor MPL, which is the main mechanism of transformation by CALR mutation, and the expression of the mutant protein on the cell surface have a great potential as targets for molecular-targeted drugs and immunotherapy. This chapter presents recent findings on the clinical significance of the CALR mutation and the molecular basis by which this mutation drives MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shide
- Division of Haematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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28
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Lozano ML, Segú-Vergés C, Coma M, Álvarez-Roman MT, González-Porras JR, Gutiérrez L, Valcárcel D, Butta N. Elucidating the Mechanism of Action of the Attributed Immunomodulatory Role of Eltrombopag in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia: An In Silico Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136907. [PMID: 34199099 PMCID: PMC8269123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eltrombopag is a thrombopoietin receptor (MPL) agonist approved for the treatment of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Recent evidence shows that some patients may sustain platelet counts following eltrombopag discontinuation. The systemic immunomodulatory response that resolves ITP in some patients could result from an increase in platelet mass, caused either by the direct action of eltrombopag on megakaryocytes through MPL stimulation, or potential MPL-independent actions on other cell types. To uncover the possible mechanisms of action of eltrombopag, in silico analyses were performed, including a systems biology-based approach, a therapeutic performance mapping system, and structural analyses. Through manual curation of the available bibliography, 56 key proteins were identified and integrated into the ITP interactome analysis. Mathematical models (94.92% mean accuracy) were obtained to elucidate potential MPL-dependent pathways in non-megakaryocytic cell subtypes. In addition to the effects on megakaryocytes and platelet numbers, the results were consistent with MPL-mediated effects on other cells, which could involve interferon-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and forkhead box protein P3 pathways. Structural analyses indicated that effects on three apoptosis-related proteins (BCL2L1, BCL2, BAX) from the Bcl-2 family may be off-target effects of eltrombopag. In conclusion, this study proposes new hypotheses regarding the immunomodulatory functions of eltrombopag in patients with ITP.
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MESH Headings
- Benzoates/chemistry
- Benzoates/pharmacology
- Benzoates/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers
- Disease Management
- Disease Susceptibility
- Humans
- Hydrazines/chemistry
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Hydrazines/therapeutic use
- Immunomodulation/drug effects
- Models, Biological
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Protein Interaction Mapping
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/etiology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/chemistry
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin/chemistry
- Receptors, Thrombopoietin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Lozano
- Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CB15/00055-CIBERER, 30007 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.L.L.); (N.B.)
| | - Cristina Segú-Vergés
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., Diputació 237, 1°, 1, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (C.S.-V.); (M.C.)
| | - Mireia Coma
- Anaxomics Biotech S.L., Diputació 237, 1°, 1, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (C.S.-V.); (M.C.)
| | - María T. Álvarez-Roman
- Unidad de Trombosis y Hemostasia, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José R. González-Porras
- Unidad de Hemostasia y Trombosis, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Laura Gutiérrez
- Grupo de Investigación en Plaquetas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - David Valcárcel
- Servicio Hematología, Vall d´Hebron Insitute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Univesitario Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Centro Cellex, Natzaret, 115-117, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Nora Butta
- Instituto de Investigación HospitaUniversitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.L.L.); (N.B.)
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29
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Dual role of EZH2 on megakaryocyte differentiation. Blood 2021; 138:1603-1614. [PMID: 34115825 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
EZH2, the enzymatic component of PRC2, has been identified as a key factor in hematopoiesis. EZH2 loss of function mutations have been found in myeloproliferative neoplasms, more particularly in myelofibrosis, but the precise function of EZH2 in megakaryopoiesis is not fully delineated. Here, we show that EZH2 inhibition by small molecules and shRNA induces MK commitment by accelerating lineage marker acquisition without change in proliferation. Later in differentiation, EZH2 inhibition blocks proliferation, polyploidization and decreases proplatelet formation. EZH2 inhibitors similarly reduce MK polyploidization and proplatelet formation in vitro and platelet level in vivo in a JAK2V617F background. In transcriptome profiling, the defect in proplatelet formation was associated with an aberrant actin cytoskeleton regulation pathway, whereas polyploidization was associated with an inhibition of expression of genes involved in DNA replication and repair, and an upregulation of CDK inhibitors, more particularly CDKN1A and CDKN2D. The knockdown of CDKN1A and at a lesser extend of CDKN2D could partially rescue the percentage of polyploid MKs. Moreover, H3K27me3 and EZH2 ChIP assays revealed that only CDKN1A is a direct EZH2 target while CDKN2D expression is not directly regulated by EZH2 suggesting that EZH2 controls MK polyploidization directly through CDKN1A and indirectly through CDKN2D.
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30
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Oedekoven CA, Belmonte M, Bode D, Hamey FK, Shepherd MS, Che JLC, Boyd G, McDonald C, Belluschi S, Diamanti E, Bastos HP, Bridge KS, Göttgens B, Laurenti E, Kent DG. Hematopoietic stem cells retain functional potential and molecular identity in hibernation cultures. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1614-1628. [PMID: 33961793 PMCID: PMC8190576 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the isolation and gene expression profiling of single hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have permitted in-depth resolution of their molecular program. However, long-term HSCs can only be isolated to near purity from adult mouse bone marrow, thereby precluding studies of their molecular program in different physiological states. Here, we describe a powerful 7-day HSC hibernation culture system that maintains HSCs as single cells in the absence of a physical niche. Single hibernating HSCs retain full functional potential compared with freshly isolated HSCs with respect to colony-forming capacity and transplantation into primary and secondary recipients. Comparison of hibernating HSC molecular profiles to their freshly isolated counterparts showed a striking degree of molecular similarity, further resolving the core molecular machinery of HSC self-renewal while also identifying key factors that are potentially dispensable for HSC function, including members of the AP1 complex (Jun, Fos, and Ncor2), Sult1a1 and Cish. Finally, we provide evidence that hibernating mouse HSCs can be transduced without compromising their self-renewal activity and demonstrate the applicability of hibernation cultures to human HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Oedekoven
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Miriam Belmonte
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Daniel Bode
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Fiona K Hamey
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Mairi S Shepherd
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - James Lok Chi Che
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Grace Boyd
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Craig McDonald
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Serena Belluschi
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Evangelia Diamanti
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Hugo P Bastos
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Katherine S Bridge
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - David G Kent
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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31
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Lyadova I, Gerasimova T, Nenasheva T. Macrophages Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Diversity of Protocols, Future Prospects, and Outstanding Questions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640703. [PMID: 34150747 PMCID: PMC8207294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMphs) represent a novel and promising model for studying human Mφ function and differentiation and developing new therapeutic strategies based on or oriented at Mφs. iMphs have several advantages over the traditionally used human Mφ models, such as immortalized cell lines and monocyte-derived Mφs. The advantages include the possibility of obtaining genetically identical and editable cells in a potentially scalable way. Various applications of iMphs are being developed, and their number is rapidly growing. However, the protocols of iMph differentiation that are currently used vary substantially, which may lead to differences in iMph differentiation trajectories and properties. Standardization of the protocols and identification of minimum required conditions that would allow obtaining iMphs in a large-scale, inexpensive, and clinically suitable mode are needed for future iMph applications. As a first step in this direction, the current review discusses the fundamental basis for the generation of human iMphs, performs a detailed analysis of the generalities and the differences between iMph differentiation protocols currently employed, and discusses the prospects of iMph applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Lyadova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Gerasimova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Nenasheva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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32
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O'Reilly E, Zeinabad HA, Szegezdi E. Hematopoietic versus leukemic stem cell quiescence: Challenges and therapeutic opportunities. Blood Rev 2021; 50:100850. [PMID: 34049731 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are responsible for the production of mature blood cells. To ensure that the HSC pool does not get exhausted over the lifetime of an individual, most HSCs are in a state of quiescence with only a small proportion of HSCs dividing at any one time. HSC quiescence is carefully controlled by both intrinsic and extrinsic, niche-driven mechanisms. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the leukemic cells overtake the hematopoietic bone marrow niche where they acquire a quiescent state. These dormant AML cells are resistant to chemotherapeutics. Because they can re-establish the disease after therapy, they are often termed as quiescent leukemic stem cells (LSC) or leukemia-initiating cells. While advancements are being made to target particular driver mutations in AML, there is less focus on how to tackle the drug resistance of quiescent LSCs. This review summarises the current knowledge on the biochemical characteristics of quiescent HSCs and LSCs, the intracellular signaling pathways and the niche-driven mechanisms that control quiescence and the key differences between HSC- and LSC-quiescence that may be exploited for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear O'Reilly
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hojjat Alizadeh Zeinabad
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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33
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Wei Q, Pinho S, Dong S, Pierce H, Li H, Nakahara F, Xu J, Xu C, Boulais PE, Zhang D, Maryanovich M, Cuervo AM, Frenette PS. MAEA is an E3 ubiquitin ligase promoting autophagy and maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2522. [PMID: 33947846 PMCID: PMC8097058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) tightly regulate their quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation to generate blood cells during the entire lifetime. The mechanisms by which these critical activities are balanced are still unclear. Here, we report that Macrophage-Erythroblast Attacher (MAEA, also known as EMP), a receptor thus far only identified in erythroblastic island, is a membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit essential for HSC maintenance and lymphoid potential. Maea is highly expressed in HSCs and its deletion in mice severely impairs HSC quiescence and leads to a lethal myeloproliferative syndrome. Mechanistically, we have found that the surface expression of several haematopoietic cytokine receptors (e.g. MPL, FLT3) is stabilised in the absence of Maea, thereby prolonging their intracellular signalling. This is associated with impaired autophagy flux in HSCs but not in mature haematopoietic cells. Administration of receptor kinase inhibitor or autophagy-inducing compounds rescues the functional defects of Maea-deficient HSCs. Our results suggest that MAEA provides E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, guarding HSC function by restricting cytokine receptor signalling via autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Wei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Pinho
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuxian Dong
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Halley Pierce
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Huihui Li
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Fumio Nakahara
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jianing Xu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chunliang Xu
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Philip E Boulais
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria Maryanovich
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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34
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Karakas D, Xu M, Ni H. GPIbα is the driving force of hepatic thrombopoietin generation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2021; 5:e12506. [PMID: 33977209 PMCID: PMC8105161 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (TPO), a glycoprotein hormone produced predominantly in the liver, plays important roles in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche, and is essential for megakaryopoiesis and platelet generation. Long-standing understanding proposes that TPO is constitutively produced by hepatocytes, and levels are fine-tuned through platelet and megakaryocyte internalization/degradation via the c-Mpl receptor. However, in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and several other diseases, TPO levels are inconsistent with this theory. Recent studies showed that platelets, besides their TPO clearance, can induce TPO production in the liver. Our group also accidentally discovered that platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα is required for platelet-mediated TPO generation, which is underscored in both GPIbα-/- mice and patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome. This review will introduce platelet versatilities and several new findings in hemostasis and platelet consumption but focus on its roles in TPO regulation. The implications of these new discoveries in hematopoiesis and the HSC niche, particularly in ITP, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Karakas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology GroupTorontoONCanada
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKeenan Research Centre for Biomedical ScienceSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoONCanada
| | - Miao Xu
- Department of HematologyQilu HospitalCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology GroupTorontoONCanada
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKeenan Research Centre for Biomedical ScienceSt. Michael’s HospitalTorontoONCanada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for InnovationTorontoONCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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35
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Feng FE, Zhang GC, Liu FQ, He Y, Zhu XL, Liu X, Wang Y, Wang JZ, Fu HX, Chen YH, Han W, Chang YJ, Xu LP, Liu KY, Huang XJ, Zhang XH. HCMV modulates c-Mpl/IEX-1 pathway-mediated megakaryo/thrombopoiesis via PDGFRα and αvβ3 receptors after allo-HSCT. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6726-6741. [PMID: 33611789 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a common complication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in immunocompromised hosts, which contributes to poor prognosis even in patients receiving antiviral treatment. Here, we investigated the megakaryo/thrombopoiesis process, including the involvement of the c-Mpl/IEX-1 pathway, after HCMV infection, identified receptors mediating the interaction between megakaryocytes (MKs) and HCMV, and explored novel therapeutic targets. Our data shows that HCMV directly infects megakaryocytes in patients with HCMV DNAemia and influences megakaryopoiesis via the c-Mpl/IEX-1 pathway throughout megakaryocyte maturation, apoptosis, and platelet generation in vivo and in vitro. After treatment with inhibitors of PDGFRα and αvβ3, the HCMV infection rate in MKs was significantly reduced, suggesting that IMC-3G3 and anti-αvβ3 are potential therapeutic alternatives for viral infection. In summary, our study proposes a possible mechanism and potential treatments for thrombocytopenia caused by HCMV infection and other viral diseases associated with abnormal hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Er Feng
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gao-Chao Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Qi Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun He
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Zhu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Zhi Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Xia Fu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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36
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Raadsen M, Du Toit J, Langerak T, van Bussel B, van Gorp E, Goeijenbier M. Thrombocytopenia in Virus Infections. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040877. [PMID: 33672766 PMCID: PMC7924611 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia, which signifies a low platelet count usually below 150 × 109/L, is a common finding following or during many viral infections. In clinical medicine, mild thrombocytopenia, combined with lymphopenia in a patient with signs and symptoms of an infectious disease, raises the suspicion of a viral infection. This phenomenon is classically attributed to platelet consumption due to inflammation-induced coagulation, sequestration from the circulation by phagocytosis and hypersplenism, and impaired platelet production due to defective megakaryopoiesis or cytokine-induced myelosuppression. All these mechanisms, while plausible and supported by substantial evidence, regard platelets as passive bystanders during viral infection. However, platelets are increasingly recognized as active players in the (antiviral) immune response and have been shown to interact with cells of the innate and adaptive immune system as well as directly with viruses. These findings can be of interest both for understanding the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases and predicting outcome. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the literature currently available on various mechanisms within the relationship between thrombocytopenia and virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Raadsen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
| | - Justin Du Toit
- Department of Haematology, Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2041, South Africa;
| | - Thomas Langerak
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
| | - Bas van Bussel
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center Plus, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Goeijenbier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Doctor molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.R.); (T.L.); (E.v.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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37
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Prieto-Bermejo R, Romo-González M, Pérez-Fernández A, García-Tuñón I, Sánchez-Martín M, Hernández-Hernández Á. Cyba-deficient mice display an increase in hematopoietic stem cells and an overproduction of immunoglobulins. Haematologica 2021; 106:142-153. [PMID: 31919083 PMCID: PMC7776239 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.233064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of protein function by reversible oxidation is increasingly recognized as a key mechanism for the control of cellular signaling, modulating crucial biological processes such as cell differentiation. In this scenario, NADPH oxidases must occupy a prominent position. Our results show that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells express three p22phox -dependent NADPH oxidase members (NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4). By deleting the p22phox coding gene (Cyba), here we have analyzed the importance of this family of enzymes during in vivo hematopoiesis. Cyba-/- mice show a myeloid bias, and an enrichment of hematopoietic stem cell populations. By means of hematopoietic transplant experiments we have also tried to dissect the specific role of the NADPH oxidases. While the absence of NOX1 or NOX2 provides a higher level of reconstitution, a lack of NOX4 rendered the opposite result, suggesting a functional specificity among the different NADPH oxidases. Cyba-/- cells showed a hampered activation of AKT1 and a sharp decrease in STAT5 protein. This is in line with the diminished response to IL-7 shown by our results, which could explain the overproduction of immunoglobulins observed in Cyba-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Prieto-Bermejo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Romo-González
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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38
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Islami M, Soleimanifar F. A Review of Evaluating Hematopoietic Stem Cells Derived from Umbilical Cord Blood's Expansion and Homing. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 15:250-262. [PMID: 31976846 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200124115444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been taken into account as a therapeutic approach in patients with hematologic malignancies. Unfortunately, there are limitations concerning HSC transplantation (HSCT), including (a) low contents of UCB-HSCs in a single unit of UCB and (b) defects in UCB-HSC homing to their niche. Therefore, delays are observed in hematopoietic and immunologic recovery and homing. Among numerous strategies proposed, ex vivo expansion of UCB-HSCs to enhance UCB-HSC dose without any differentiation into mature cells is known as an efficient procedure that is able to alter clinical treatments through adjusting transplantation-related results and making them available. Accordingly, culture type, cytokine combinations, O2 level, co-culture with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), as well as gene manipulation of UCB-HSCs can have effects on their expansion and growth. Besides, defects in homing can be resolved by exposing UCB-HSCs to compounds aimed at improving homing. Fucosylation of HSCs before expansion, CXCR4-SDF-1 axis partnership and homing gene involvement are among strategies that all depend on efficiency, reasonable costs, and confirmation of clinical trials. In general, the present study reviewed factors improving the expansion and homing of UCB-HSCs aimed at advancing hematopoietic recovery and expansion in clinical applications and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Islami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanifar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran
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39
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Yu Y, Wang M, Hou Y, Qin P, Zeng Q, Yu W, Guo X, Wang J, Wang X, Liu G, Chu X, Yang L, Feng Y, Zhou F, Sun Z, Zhang M, Wang X, Wang Z, Ran X, Zhao H, Wang L, Zhang H, Bi K, Li D, Yuan C, Xu R, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Peng J, Liu X, Hou M. High-dose dexamethasone plus recombinant human thrombopoietin vs high-dose dexamethasone alone as frontline treatment for newly diagnosed adult primary immune thrombocytopenia: A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial. Am J Hematol 2020; 95:1542-1552. [PMID: 32871029 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.25989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial to compare the efficacy and safety of high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) plus recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO), vs HD-DXM alone in newly diagnosed adult immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients. Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to receive DXM plus rhTPO or DXM monotherapy. Another 4-day course of DXM was repeated if response was not achieved by day 10 in both arms. One hundred patients in the HD-DXM plus rhTPO arm and 96 patients in the HD-DXM monotherapy arm were included in the full analysis set. So, HD-DXM plus rhTPO resulted in a higher incidence of initial response (89.0% vs 66.7%, P < .001) and complete response (CR, 75.0% vs 42.7%, P < .001) compared with HD-DXM monotherapy. Response rate at 6 months was also higher in the HD-DXM plus rhTPO arm than that in the HD-DXM monotherapy arm (51.0% vs 36.5%, P = .02; sustained CR: 46.0% vs 32.3%, P = .043). Throughout the follow-up period, the overall duration of response was greater in the HD-DXM plus rhTPO arm compared to the HD-DXM monotherapy arm (P = .04), as estimated by the Kaplan-Meier analysis. The study drugs were generally well tolerated. In conclusion, the combination of HD-DXM with rhTPO significantly improved the initial response and yielded favorable SR in newly diagnosed ITP patients, thus could be further validated as a frontline treatment for ITP. This study is registered as clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01734044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Yu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ping Qin
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Qingshu Zeng
- Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- Department of Hematology Binzhou Medical University Hospital Binzhou China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- Department of Hematology Liaocheng People’s Hospital Liaocheng China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Hematology Xinjiang Uiger Municipal People’s Hospital Urumqi China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Hematology Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital Dongying China
| | - Xiaoxia Chu
- Department of Hematology Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Yantai China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Hematology Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Hematology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangdong China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Hematology Military General Hospital Jinan China
| | - Zhaogang Sun
- Department of Hematology Taian City Central Hospital Taian China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Zhencheng Wang
- Department of Hematology Zibo Central Hospital Zibo China
| | - Xuehong Ran
- Department of Hematology Weifang People’s Hospital Weifang China
| | - Hongguo Zhao
- Department of Hematology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hematology Qingdao Municipal Hospital Qingdao China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Hematology Linyi People’s Hospital Linyi China
| | - Kehong Bi
- Department of Hematology Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital Jinan China
| | - Daqi Li
- Department of Hematology Jinan Central Hospital Jinan China
| | - Chenglu Yuan
- Department of Hematology Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan China
| | - Yili Wang
- Department of Hematology Weihai Municipal Hospital Weihai China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Hematology Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TCM Hangzhou China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xin‐guang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan Shandong China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Hematology/Immunology, Creative Studio of Scientific and Technologic Leading Talents Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan China
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40
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Xing S, Shen X, Yang JK, Wang XR, Ou HL, Zhang XW, Xiong GL, Shan YJ, Cong YW, Luo QL, Yu ZY. Single-Dose Administration of Recombinant Human Thrombopoietin Mitigates Total Body Irradiation-Induced Hematopoietic System Injury in Mice and Nonhuman Primates. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 108:1357-1367. [PMID: 32758640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) has been evaluated as a therapeutic intervention for radiation-induced myelosuppression. However, the immunogenicity induced by a repeated-dosing strategy raises concerns about the therapeutic use of rhTPO. In this study, single-dose administration of rhTPO was evaluated for efficacy in the hematopoietic response and survival effect on mice and nonhuman primates exposed to total body irradiation (TBI). METHODS AND MATERIALS Survival of lethally (9.0 Gy) irradiated C57BL/6J male mice was observed for 30 days after irradiation. Hematologic evaluations were performed on C57BL/6J male mice given a sublethal dose of radiation (6.5 Gy). Furthermore, in sublethally irradiated mice, we performed bone marrow (BM) histologic evaluation and evaluated BM-derived clonogenic activity. Next, the proportion and number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were analyzed. Competitive repopulation experiments were conducted to assess the multilineage engraftment of irradiated HSCs after BM transplantation. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate DNA damage, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle stage in HSCs after irradiation. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of a single dose of rhTPO administered after 7 Gy TBI in male and female rhesus monkeys. RESULTS A single administration of rhTPO 2 hours after irradiation significantly mitigated TBI-induced death in mice. rhTPO promoted multilineage hematopoietic recovery, increasing peripheral blood cell counts, BM cellularity, and BM colony-forming ability. rhTPO administration led to an accelerated recovery of BM HSC frequency and multilineage engraftment after transplantation. rhTPO treatment reduced radiation-induced DNA damage and apoptosis and promoted HSC proliferation after TBI. Notably, a single administration of rhTPO significantly promoted multilineage hematopoietic recovery and improved survival in nonhuman primates after TBI. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that early intervention with a single administration of rhTPO may represent a promising and effective radiomitigative strategy for victims of radiation disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xing
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Kun Yang
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ru Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA Rocket Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ling Ou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, PLA Rocket Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Wen Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Lin Xiong
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Shan
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Wen Cong
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Liang Luo
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zu-Yin Yu
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Biochemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Kanagasabapathy D, Blosser RJ, Maupin KA, Hong JM, Alvarez M, Ghosh J, Mohamad SF, Aguilar-Perez A, Srour EF, Kacena MA, Bruzzaniti A. Megakaryocytes promote osteoclastogenesis in aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15121-15133. [PMID: 32634116 PMCID: PMC7425434 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) support bone formation by stimulating osteoblasts (OBs) and inhibiting osteoclasts (OCs). Aging results in higher bone resorption, leading to bone loss. Whereas previous studies showed the effects of aging on MK-mediated bone formation, the effects of aging on MK-mediated OC formation is poorly understood. Here we examined the effect of thrombopoietin (TPO) and MK-derived conditioned media (CM) from young (3-4 months) and aged (22-25 months) mice on OC precursors. Our findings showed that aging significantly increased OC formation in vitro. Moreover, the expression of the TPO receptor, Mpl, and circulating TPO levels were elevated in the bone marrow cavity. We previously showed that MKs from young mice secrete factors that inhibit OC differentiation. However, rather than inhibiting OC development, we found that MKs from aged mice promote OC formation. Interestingly, these age-related changes in MK functionality were only observed using female MKs, potentially implicating the sex steroid, estrogen, in signaling. Further, RANKL expression was highly elevated in aged MKs suggesting MK-derived RANKL signaling may promote osteoclastogenesis in aging. Taken together, these data suggest that modulation in TPO-Mpl expression in bone marrow and age-related changes in the MK secretome promote osteoclastogenesis to impact skeletal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Kanagasabapathy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rachel J Blosser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kevin A Maupin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Marta Alvarez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Joydeep Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Perez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Abstract
The self-renewal capacity of multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) supports blood system homeostasis throughout life and underlies the curative capacity of clinical HSC transplantation therapies. However, despite extensive characterization of the HSC state in the adult bone marrow and embryonic fetal liver, the mechanism of HSC self-renewal has remained elusive. This Review presents our current understanding of HSC self-renewal in vivo and ex vivo, and discusses important advances in ex vivo HSC expansion that are providing new biological insights and offering new therapeutic opportunities.
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Brown G. Towards a New Understanding of Decision-Making by Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072362. [PMID: 32235353 PMCID: PMC7178065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells within the hematopoietic stem cell compartment selectively express receptors for cytokines that have a lineage(s) specific role; they include erythropoietin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the ligand for the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3. These hematopoietic cytokines can instruct the lineage fate of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in addition to ensuring the survival and proliferation of cells that belong to a particular cell lineage(s). Expression of the receptors for macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is positively autoregulated and the presence of the cytokine is therefore likely to enforce a lineage bias within hematopoietic stem cells that express these receptors. In addition to the above roles, macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor are powerful chemoattractants. The multiple roles of some hematopoietic cytokines leads us towards modelling hematopoietic stem cell decision-making whereby these cells can 'choose' just one lineage fate and migrate to a niche that both reinforces the fate and guarantees the survival and expansion of cells as they develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Lee D, Kim DW, Cho JY. Role of growth factors in hematopoietic stem cell niche. Cell Biol Toxicol 2020; 36:131-144. [PMID: 31897822 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) produce new blood cells everyday throughout life, which is maintained by the self-renewal and differentiation ability of HSCs. This is not controlled by the HSCs alone, but rather by the complex and exquisite microenvironment surrounding the HSCs, which is called the bone marrow niche and consists of various bone marrow cells, growth factors, and cytokines. It is essential to understand the characteristic role of the stem cell niche and the growth factors in the niche formation. In this review, we describe the role of the bone marrow niche and factors for niche homeostasis, and also summarize the latest research related to stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea.
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Cho J, Lee S, Uh Y, Lee JH. Usefulness of mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio for predicting the risk of mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1327-1335. [PMID: 33224331 PMCID: PMC7667432 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between mean platelet volume (MPV) to platelet count (PC) ratio and prognosis has been demonstrated in some diseases but not in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In this study, we evaluated the ability of MPV to PC ratio (MPR) to predict short-term mortality in CAP patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analysed data archived over 10 years and stratified MPR values into quartiles. Relations between MPR (femtoliters/number of thousand platelets per microlitre) quartiles and 60-day mortality were examined. Logistic regression was performed to adjust for confounders, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratios of 60-day mortality for CAP were 2.66 (95% CI: 2.04-3.46) for the fourth MPR quartile (range ≥ 5.19; p < 0.001) versus the first MPR quartile (range ≤ 2.45). Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that a higher MPR was associated with a higher risk of mortality among CAP patients, and this was confirmed by the log-rank test (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Mean platelet volume to PC ratio was found to be positively correlated with short-term mortality. Our data indicate that MPR might be a significant predictive marker of the mortality in CAP. Further prospective studies are required to establish the exact role of MPR in CAP and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Saejin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Young Uh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Han Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
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Nakagawa MM, Rathinam CV. Constitutive Activation of the Canonical NF-κB Pathway Leads to Bone Marrow Failure and Induction of Erythroid Signature in Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2094-2109.e4. [PMID: 30463008 PMCID: PMC6945759 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway has been associated with a variety of human pathologies. However, molecular mechanisms through which canonical NF-κB affects hematopoiesis remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that deregulated canonical NF-κB signals in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) cause a complete depletion of HSC pool, pancytopenia, bone marrow failure, and premature death. Constitutive activation of IKK2 in HSCs leads to impaired quiescence and loss of function. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified an induction of “erythroid signature” in HSCs with augmented NF-κB activity. Mechanistic studies indicated a reduction of thrombopoietin (TPO)-mediated signals and its downstream target p57 in HSCs, due to reduced c-MpI expression in a cell-intrinsic manner. Molecular studies established Klf1 as a key suppressor of c-MpI in HSPCs with increased NF-κB. In essence, these studies identified a previously unknown mechanism through which exaggerated canonical NF-κB signals affect HSCs and cause pathophysiology. Nakagawa and Rathinam demonstrate that constitutive activation of IKK2 in HSCs causes a complete depletion of the HSC pool and impairs HSC functions due to a loss of “sternness” signature and an induction of erythroid signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Marshall Nakagawa
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chozha Vendan Rathinam
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, 701 W. 168(th) Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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47
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Li Q, Zhao D, Chen Q, Luo M, Huang J, Yang C, Wang F, Li W, Liu T. Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cell-based or umbilical vein endothelial cell-based serum-free coculture with cytokines supports the ex vivo expansion/maintenance of cord blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:376. [PMID: 31806004 PMCID: PMC6894464 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been widely accepted as an alternative source of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) for transplantation, and its use in adults is still restricted because of low absolute numbers. To overcome this obstacle, expansion of UCB-HSPCs under feeder cell-based coculture is a promising possibility. In this study, we explored UCB-CD34+ cells ex vivo expansion using Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) or umbilical vein endothelial cells (UVECs) as feeder layer-based serum-free coculture system with a cocktail of cytokines. Methods UCB-CD34+ cells were cultured in five different coculture conditions composed of umbilical cord stromal cells (WJ-MSCs or UVECs) with or without a cocktail of cytokines (SCF, FLT3L, and TPO). The cultured cells were harvested at day 10 and analyzed for phenotypes and functionalities, including total nuclear cells (TNCs), CD34+ cells, CD34+CD38− cells, colony-forming unit (CFU) for committed progenitors, and long-term culture initiating cells (LTC-ICs) for HSPCs. Results Our work showed the numbers of TNC cells, CD34+ cells, and CD34+CD38− cells were expanded under five coculture conditions, and the feeder layer-based cocultures further promoted the expansion. The numbers of colonies of CFU-GM, CFU-E/BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM in the cocultures with cytokines were significantly higher than their counterparts at day 0 (p < 0.05), while no significant difference (p > 0.05) in those without the addition of cytokines. The numbers of LTC-ICs were increased both under the WJ-MSCs and UVECs with cytokine cocultures, but only in the UVECs group showed a significant difference (p < 0.05), and were decreased under conditions without cytokine (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our data demonstrate that both WJ-MSCs and UVECs as feeder layer could efficiently support the expansion of UCB-CD34+ cells in synergy with SCF, FLT3L, and TPO under serum-free culture condition. The UVECs combined with the 3GF cytokine cocktail could maintain the growth of LTC-ICs derived from UCB-CD34+ cells and even expand to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maowen Luo
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Yang
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxian Li
- Sichuan Cord Blood Stem Cell Bank, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology, Hematology Research Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, #37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Bussel J, Kulasekararaj A, Cooper N, Verma A, Steidl U, Semple JW, Will B. Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of thrombopoietin receptor agonists. Semin Hematol 2019; 56:262-278. [PMID: 31836033 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The second-generation thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists eltrombopag and romiplostim are potent activators of megakaryopoiesis and represent a growing treatment option for patients with thrombocytopenic hematological disorders. Both TPO receptor agonists have been approved worldwide for the treatment of children and adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia. In the EU and USA, eltrombopag is approved for the treatment of patients with severe aplastic anemia who have had an insufficient response to immunosuppressive therapy and in the USA for the first-line treatment of severe aplastic anemia in combination with immunosuppressive therapy. Eltrombopag has also shown efficacy in several other disease settings, for example, chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia, selected inherited thrombocytopenias, and myelodysplastic syndromes. While both TPO receptor agonists stimulate TPO receptor signaling and enhance megakaryopoiesis, their vastly different biochemical structures bestow upon them markedly different molecular and functional properties. Here, we review and discuss results from preclinical and clinical studies on the functional and molecular mechanisms of action of this new class of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bussel
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
| | | | | | - Amit Verma
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - John W Semple
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Britta Will
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY.
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Alvarez MB, Xu L, Childress PJ, Maupin KA, Mohamad SF, Chitteti BR, Himes E, Olivos DJ, Cheng YH, Conway SJ, Srour EF, Kacena MA. Megakaryocyte and Osteoblast Interactions Modulate Bone Mass and Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 27:671-682. [PMID: 29631496 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that megakaryocytes (MK) play key roles in regulating skeletal homeostasis and hematopoiesis. To test if the loss of MK negatively impacts osteoblastogenesis and hematopoiesis, we generated conditional knockout mice where Mpl, the receptor for the main MK growth factor, thrombopoietin, was deleted specifically in MK (Mplf/f;PF4cre). Unexpectedly, at 12 weeks of age, these mice exhibited a 10-fold increase in platelets, a significant expansion of hematopoietic/mesenchymal precursors, and a remarkable 20-fold increase in femoral midshaft bone volume. We then investigated whether MK support hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function through the interaction of MK with osteoblasts (OB). LSK cells (Lin-Sca1+CD117+, enriched HSC population) were co-cultured with OB+MK for 1 week (1wk OB+MK+LSK) or OB alone (1wk OB+LSK). A significant increase in colony-forming units was observed with cells from 1wk OB+MK cultures. Competitive repopulation studies demonstrated significantly higher engraftment in mice transplanted with cells from 1wk OB+MK+LSK cultures compared to 1wk OB+LSK or LSK cultured alone for 1 week. Furthermore, single-cell expression analysis of OB cultured±MK revealed adiponectin as the most significantly upregulated MK-induced gene, which is required for optimal long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. Understanding the interactions between MK, OB, and HSC can inform the development of novel treatments to enhance both HSC recovery following myelosuppressive injuries, as well as bone loss diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Alvarez
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - LinLin Xu
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul J Childress
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kevin A Maupin
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Safa F Mohamad
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Evan Himes
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David J Olivos
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ying-Hua Cheng
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Simon J Conway
- 3 Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Edward F Srour
- 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana.,3 Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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50
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Lee JW, Lee SE, Jung CW, Park S, Keta H, Park SK, Kim JA, Oh IH, Jang JH. Romiplostim in patients with refractory aplastic anaemia previously treated with immunosuppressive therapy: a dose-finding and long-term treatment phase 2 trial. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2019; 6:e562-e572. [PMID: 31474546 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(19)30153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aplastic anaemia is a rare, life-threatening condition, characterised by pancytopenia with hypocellular bone marrow. Haematopoietic stem cells and most progenitor cells express thrombopoietin receptor (c-MPL). Romiplostim is a peptibody with c-MPL agonist activity that stimulates endogenous thrombopoietin production and leads to promoting the proliferation and differentiation of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. In this phase 2 trial we aimed to assess the activity and safety of romiplostim in patients with aplastic anaemia who were previously treated with immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS We did an open-label, phase 2 study including a randomised, parallel, dose-finding part followed by an extension part to evaluate long-term treatment at two clinical centres in Seoul, South Korea. Eligible patients were aged 19 years or older, and had aplastic anaemia confirmed by bone marrow and cytogenetic studies and thrombocytopenia (platelet count ≤30 × 109/L), an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 2 or lower, and were previously treated with immunosuppressive therapy, including at least one course of antithymocyte globulin plus cyclosporin. In the dose-finding part, patients were randomly assigned to fixed dose cohorts (1, 3, 6, or 10 μg/kg) of subcutaneous romiplostim once weekly for 8 weeks, according to a static allocation procedure after stratification by platelet count. In the extension part of the study, patients continued romiplostim titrated every 4 weeks in single steps (1, 3, 6, 10, 13, 16, and 20 μg/kg once weekly), depending on platelet response and safety up to 1 year (weeks 9-52). Patients who had a platelet response during weeks 46-53 continued dose titration in single steps (3, 6, 10, 13, 16, and 20 μg/kg once weekly) for an additional 2 years (weeks 53-156). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving a platelet response at week 9 (after completion of the dose-finding part). Activity was assessed per-protocol in all patients evaluable for response at week 9 and safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of romiplostim. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02094417. FINDINGS Between April 14 and Nov 24, 2014, 35 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of four dose cohorts: romiplostim 1 μg/kg (n=7), 3 μg/kg (n=9), 6 μg/kg (n=9), and 10 μg/kg (n=10). Data cutoff for this final analysis was on April 14, 2018. The median duration of treatment for all patients was 53 weeks (IQR 35-155). Ten (30%) of 33 evaluable patients achieved a platelet response at week 9, including seven (70%) of ten patients in the 10 μg/kg cohort, three (33%) of nine patients in the 6 μg/kg cohort, and no patients in both the 3 μg/kg and 1 μg/kg cohorts. During the extension study, 18 (55%) of 33 evaluable patients had a platelet response during weeks 46-53 and were eligible for continued treatment. Ten (30%) patients maintained a platelet response at 2 and 3 years, of whom nine had an erythroid response and five a neutrophil response, and completed protocol treatment. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in three (9%) of 35 patients, including grade 1 or 2 myalgia, fatigue, and dizziness. 17 (49%) of 35 patients had adverse events of grade 3 or higher; seven (20%) had serious adverse events (one event of febrile neutropenia, cataract, retinal detachment, macular fibrosis, inguinal hernia, appendicitis, cellulitis, tendon injury, and transfusion reaction); and one patient died from sepsis during treatment; none of these events were related to treatment. No patients developed clonal evolution. INTERPRETATION Romiplostim seems to be active and has a favourable safety profile in patients with refractory aplastic anaemia. 10 μg/kg once weekly might be used as a recommended starting dose in future studies. These findings warrant further investigation. FUNDING Kyowa Hakko Kirin Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wook Lee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Won Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sunghyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Silvia Park
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jin-A Kim
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il-Hoan Oh
- Catholic High-Performance Cell Therapy Center, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Jang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sunghyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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