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de Santana KVDS, Ribeiro H, Darling A, Rios IHR, Lanham-New S. Residential Greenness, Lifestyle, and Vitamin D: A Longitudinal Cohort of South Asian Origin and Caucasian Ethnicity Women Living in the South of the UK. Nutrients 2024; 16:1214. [PMID: 38674904 PMCID: PMC11054601 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The global population is at risk of vitamin D deficiency due to low exposure to sunlight and low intake of the vitamin through diet. The aim of this study was to investigate in women the association between vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone (PTH), ultraviolet radiation, lifestyle, ethnicity, social conditions, and residential greenness. A 1-year longitudinal study assessed vitamin D status in 309 women living at latitude 51°14' N. Blood samples were taken four times throughout the year for analysis of 25(OH)D and serum PTH concentration. After each seasonal visit, the individuals completed 4-day diet diaries and used two dosimeter badges for 1 week to estimate weekly UVR exposure. A questionnaire was applied to provide information about lifestyle and their ethnicity. Residential greenness was measured by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), within a 1000 m radius around each participant's home address. Women living in greener spaces were more likely to have improved vitamin D status (RR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.13-2.02), as well as those who were more exposed to UVR (RR: 2.05; 95%CI: 1.44-2.92). Our results provide an insight into the connection between residential greenness, lifestyle, and vitamin D status comparing two ethnicities in a country with a temperate climate and with a high degree of urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keila Valente de Souza de Santana
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (H.R.); (I.H.R.R.)
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (H.R.); (I.H.R.R.)
| | - Andrea Darling
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (A.D.); (S.L.-N.)
| | - Israel Henrique Ribeiro Rios
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (H.R.); (I.H.R.R.)
| | - Susan Lanham-New
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; (A.D.); (S.L.-N.)
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2
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Sharifi Y, Sobhani S, Ramezanghorbani N, Payab M, Ghoreshi B, Djalalinia S, Nouri Ghonbalani Z, Ebrahimpur M, Eslami M, Qorbani M. Association of greenspaces exposure with cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:170. [PMID: 38509487 PMCID: PMC10953288 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03830-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiometabolic conditions are major contributors to the global burden of disease. An emerging body of evidence has associated access to and surrounding public open spaces (POS) and greenspace with cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity, body mass index (BMI), hypertension (HTN), blood glucose (BG), and lipid profiles. This systematic review aimed to synthesize this evidence. METHODS This systematic review was conducted based on the PRISMA guidelines. Four electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible articles published until July 2023. All observational studies which assessed the association of greenspace and POS with cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, BMI, HTN, BG, and lipid profiles were included and reviewed by two authors independently. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the I2 index and Cochrane's Q test. Random/fixed effect meta-analyses were used to combine the association between greenspace exposure with cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS Overall, 118 relevant articles were included in our review. The majority of the articles were conducted in North America or Europe. In qualitative synthesis, access or proximity to greenspaces or POS impacts BMI and blood pressure or HTN, BG, and lipid profiles via various mechanisms. According to the random effect meta-analysis, more access to greenspace was significantly associated with lower odds of HTN (odds ratio (OR): 0.81, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.61-0.99), obesity (OR: 0.83, 95% CIs: 0.77-0.90), and diabetes (OR:0.79, 95% CI: 0.67,0.90). CONCLUSIONS Findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that greenspace accessibility is associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors. Improving greenspace accessibility could be considered as one of the main strategies to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors at population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Sharifi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Sobhani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nahid Ramezanghorbani
- Department of Development and Coordination Scientific Information and Publications, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ghoreshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nouri Ghonbalani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahbube Ebrahimpur
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maysa Eslami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Martin J, Estep A, Tozcko M, Hartzel B, Boolani A. Relationships between grit and lifestyle factors in undergraduate college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:614-622. [PMID: 35325588 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2052078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the influence of grit on physical activity, sleep and diet in undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: 125 undergraduate students participated in the study. Participants completed an online survey while enrolled in an online class during June, 2020. Methods: The online questionairre featured the following validated survey instruments: International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants Short Form and the grit short form. Effects of grit on lifestyle behaviors were explored using several statistical approaches. Results: We found that individuals with more grit reported better eating and sleeping behaviors compared to those with less grit. However, we did not find an influence of grit on physical activity or sitting time. Conclusion: Our findings support that personality traits encompassed in grit contribute to college students reporting healthier dietary habits and better sleep quality during a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Martin
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Amanda Estep
- Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Michael Tozcko
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Bailey Hartzel
- Sports Medicine Assessment Research & Testing (SMART) Laboratory, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, USA
| | - Ali Boolani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
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Huang Y, Sparks PJ. Longitudinal exposure to neighborhood poverty and obesity risk in emerging adulthood. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2023; 111:102796. [PMID: 36898786 PMCID: PMC10009773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2022.102796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study uses data from the longitudinal Panel Study of Income Dynamics data and its Transition to Adulthood (TA) Study (2005-2017), in conjunction with decades of neighborhood-level data from the U.S. decennial census and American Community Survey, to examine the relationship between individuals' neighborhood poverty exposure trajectories in childhood and the likelihood of obesity in emerging adulthood. Latent growth mixture models reveal that exposure to neighborhood poverty differs considerably for white and nonwhite individuals over their childhood life course. Durable exposure to neighborhood poverty confers greater subsequent obesity risks in emerging adulthood than transitory experiences of neighborhood poverty. Racial differences in the changing and persistent trajectories of neighborhood poverty help explain part of the racial differences in obesity risks. Among nonwhites, and compared to consistent nonpoor neighborhood conditions, both durable and transitory neighborhood poverty exposures are significantly associated with higher obesity risks. This study suggests that a theoretical framework that integrates key elements of the life-course perspective is helpful to uncover the individual and structural pathways through which neighborhood histories in poverty shape population health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Demography, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA.
| | - P Johnelle Sparks
- Department of Demography, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA.
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Ye T, Yu P, Wen B, Yang Z, Huang W, Guo Y, Abramson MJ, Li S. Greenspace and health outcomes in children and adolescents: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120193. [PMID: 36122655 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence has linked greenspace and various health outcomes in children and adolescents, but the conclusions were inconsistent. For this review, we comprehensively summarized the measurement methods of greenspace, resultant health outcomes, and potential mechanisms from epidemiological studies in children and adolescents (aged ≤19 years). We searched for studies published and indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE (via Ovid) up to April 11, 2022. There were a total of 9,291 studies identified with 140 articles from 28 countries finally assessed and included in this systematic review. Over 70% of the studies were conducted in highly urbanised countries/regions, but very limited research has been done in low-and middle-income countries and none in Africa. Measures of greenspace varied. Various health outcomes were reported, including protective effects of greenspace exposure on aspects of obesity/overweight, myopia, lung health, circulatory health, cognitive function, and general health in children and adolescents. The associations between greenspace exposure and other health outcomes were inconsistent, especially for respiratory health studies. We pooled odds ratios (OR) using random-effects meta-analysis for health outcomes of asthma (OR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.84 to 1.06), allergic rhinitis (OR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.25), and obesity/overweight (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84 to 0.98) with per 0.1 unit increase in normalized difference in vegetation index (NDVI). These associations have important implications for the assessment and management of urban environment and health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ye
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Pei Yu
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Bo Wen
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Zhengyu Yang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Kayyal-Tarabeia I, Michael Y, Lensky IM, Blank M, Agay-Shay K. "Residential greenness and site-specific cancer: A registry based cohort of 144,427 participants with a 21-years of follow-up, Tel-Aviv district, Israel". ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113460. [PMID: 35561833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few longitudinal studies evaluated the beneficial associations between cumulative residential greenness and site-specific cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the associations between cumulative residential greenness exposure and site-specific cancer incidence (lung, bladder, breast, prostate, and skin cancer) within a registry-based cohort study. METHODS This study was based on 144,427 participants who lived in the Tel Aviv district during 1995-2015. The residential greenness exposure was estimated for every participant, as the weighted mean residential greenness exposure, based on the mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the residential area and the duration of the residence in this area. Cox regression models were used to evaluate the unadjusted and adjusted associations between exposure to greenness and cancer incidence during 1998-2015 (Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs)). Covariates included in adjusted models were selected based on prior knowledge and directed acyclic graphs. We imputed missing data and further sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS After adjustments, beneficial associations between exposure to greenness and cancer incidence were observed. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in NDVI was associated with a lower HRs for lung cancer (HRadj. = 0.75 95% CI: 0.66-0.85), bladder cancer (HRadj. = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.62-0.82), breast cancer (HRadj. = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.74-0.88), prostate cancer (HRadj. = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.70-0.86) and skin cancer (HRadj. = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88). Generally, the patterns of associations were consistent between complete-case models and imputed models, when estimated for participants aged 16 years or 40 years and older at baseline, when stratified by area level socioeconomic status, when evaluated for non-movers participants and after further adjustment to social determinants of health. CONCLUSION Residential greenness may reduce the risk for lung, bladder, breast, prostate, and skin cancers. If our observations will be replicated, it may present a useful avenue for public-health intervention to reduce cancer burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inass Kayyal-Tarabeia
- The Health & Environment Research (HER) Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Yaron Michael
- Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Itamar M Lensky
- Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
| | - Michael Blank
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cancer Biology, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel.
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- The Health & Environment Research (HER) Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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Fan CC, Marshall A, Smolker H, Gonzalez MR, Tapert SF, Barch DM, Sowell E, Dowling GJ, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Ross J, Thompson WK, Herting MM. Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study Linked External Data (LED): Protocol and practices for geocoding and assignment of environmental data. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 52:101030. [PMID: 34891080 PMCID: PMC8666341 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Our brain is constantly shaped by our immediate environments, and while some effects are transient, some have long-term consequences. Therefore, it is critical to identify which environmental risks have evident and long-term impact on brain development. To expand our understanding of the environmental context of each child, the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® incorporates the use of geospatial location data to capture a range of individual, neighborhood, and state level data based on the child's residential location in order to elucidate the physical environmental contexts in which today's youth are growing up. We review the major considerations and types of geocoded information incorporated by the Linked External Data Environmental (LED) workgroup to expand on the built and natural environmental constructs in the existing and future ABCD Study data releases. Understanding the environmental context of each youth furthers the consortium's mission to understand factors that may influence individual differences in brain development, providing the opportunity to inform public policy and health organization guidelines for child and adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chieh Fan
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew Marshall
- Division of Children, Youth, and Families, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harry Smolker
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Marybel R Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Susan F Tapert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sowell
- Division of Children, Youth, and Families, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Ross
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Population Neuroscience and Genetics Lab, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Division of Children, Youth, and Families, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Fyfe-Johnson AL, Hazlehurst MF, Perrins SP, Bratman GN, Thomas R, Garrett KA, Hafferty KR, Cullaz TM, Marcuse EK, Tandon PS. Nature and Children's Health: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2021; 148:e2020049155. [PMID: 34588297 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-049155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Daily outdoor play is encouraged by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Existing evidence is unclear on the independent effect of nature exposures on child health. OBJECTIVE We systematically evaluated evidence regarding the relationship between nature contact and children's health. DATA SOURCES The database search was conducted by using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychInfo, ERIC, Scopus, and Web of Science in February 2021. STUDY SELECTION We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. In all searches, the first element included nature terms; the second included child health outcome terms. DATA EXTRACTION Of the 10 940 studies identified, 296 were included. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed. RESULTS The strongest evidence for type of nature exposure was residential green space studies (n = 147, 50%). The strongest evidence for the beneficial health effects of nature was for physical activity (n = 108, 32%) and cognitive, behavioral, or mental health (n = 85, 25%). Physical activity was objectively measured in 55% of studies, and 41% of the cognitive, behavioral, or mental health studies were experimental in design. LIMITATIONS Types of nature exposures and health outcomes and behaviors were heterogenous. Risk of selection bias was moderate to high for all studies. Most studies were cross-sectional (n = 204, 69%), limiting our ability to assess causality. CONCLUSIONS Current literature supports a positive relationship between nature contact and children's health, especially for physical activity and mental health, both public health priorities. The evidence supports pediatricians in advocating for equitable nature contact for children in places where they live, play, and learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Fyfe-Johnson
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | | | | | - Gregory N Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rick Thomas
- National Academy of Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kimberly A Garrett
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kiana R Hafferty
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tess M Cullaz
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | | | - Pooja S Tandon
- Pediatrics
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
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Zavala GA, Tenorio-Palos Y, Campos-Ponce M, Elton-Puente JE, López-González CA, Doak CM, Rosado JL, García OP. Proximity and High Density of Convenience Stores Was Associated With Obesity in Children of a Rural Community of Mexico: Using a Geographic Information System Approach. Food Nutr Bull 2021; 42:490-501. [PMID: 34427148 DOI: 10.1177/03795721211033146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food environment (FE) has been linked to obesity in urban areas, but there is limited information in rural areas, particularly in developing countries, where prevalence of obesity is high. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between FE and childhood obesity using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). METHODS A total of 218 (8-10 years) children participated in a cross-sectional study. Weight, height, and body fat were measured. Geolocation of convenience stores (CS) and participants' households was collected, and the amount of processed food (PF) in the stores was measured. The proximity to the nearest CS and the number of CS within a 250-m buffer from each participant's household was calculated using GIS. Linear regression models between obesity measurements and FE were performed. RESULTS The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 32%. A total of 91% of the children had access to a CS within 250 m. On average, 48% of the shelf-space of the CS were occupied with PF. A positive association between the density of CS with body fat % (β = .145; 95% CI, 0.048-0.241, P = .004), abdominal fat % (β = .206; 95% CI, 0.048-0.241, P = .003), and body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-score (BMIz; β = .028; 95% CI, 0.005-0.062, P = .005) was found. Living closer to CS was associated with increases in body fat % (β = -0.009; 95% CI, -0.017 to -0.001, P = 0.025), abdominal fat % (β = -0.012; 95% CI, -0.023 to -0.001, P = 0.033), and BMIz (β = -0.002, 95% CI, -0.004 to -0.001, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION In a rural community in Mexico, a high density and low proximity to CS is associated with obesity in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Antonio Zavala
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, School of Natural Sciences, 27772Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico.,Faculty of Health Sciences, 8748University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Yessica Tenorio-Palos
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, School of Natural Sciences, 27772Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Maiza Campos-Ponce
- Faculty of Health Sciences, 8748University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Juana Elizabeth Elton-Puente
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, School of Natural Sciences, 27772Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto López-González
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, School of Natural Sciences, 27772Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge L Rosado
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, School of Natural Sciences, 27772Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Olga P García
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, School of Natural Sciences, 27772Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
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10
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Jimenez MP, DeVille NV, Elliott EG, Schiff JE, Wilt GE, Hart JE, James P. Associations between Nature Exposure and Health: A Review of the Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094790. [PMID: 33946197 PMCID: PMC8125471 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
There is extensive empirical literature on the association between exposure to nature and health. In this narrative review, we discuss the strength of evidence from recent (i.e., the last decade) experimental and observational studies on nature exposure and health, highlighting research on children and youth where possible. We found evidence for associations between nature exposure and improved cognitive function, brain activity, blood pressure, mental health, physical activity, and sleep. Results from experimental studies provide evidence of protective effects of exposure to natural environments on mental health outcomes and cognitive function. Cross-sectional observational studies provide evidence of positive associations between nature exposure and increased levels of physical activity and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, and longitudinal observational studies are beginning to assess long-term effects of nature exposure on depression, anxiety, cognitive function, and chronic disease. Limitations of current knowledge include inconsistent measures of exposure to nature, the impacts of the type and quality of green space, and health effects of duration and frequency of exposure. Future directions include incorporation of more rigorous study designs, investigation of the underlying mechanisms of the association between green space and health, advancement of exposure assessment, and evaluation of sensitive periods in the early life-course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia P. Jimenez
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.P.J.); (N.V.D.)
| | - Nicole V. DeVille
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.G.E.); (J.E.H.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.J.); (N.V.D.)
| | - Elise G. Elliott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.G.E.); (J.E.H.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.E.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Jessica E. Schiff
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.E.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Grete E. Wilt
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.E.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.G.E.); (J.E.H.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.E.S.); (G.E.W.)
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (E.G.E.); (J.E.H.)
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (J.E.S.); (G.E.W.)
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11
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Marek L, Hobbs M, Wiki J, Kingham S, Campbell M. The good, the bad, and the environment: developing an area-based measure of access to health-promoting and health-constraining environments in New Zealand. Int J Health Geogr 2021; 20:16. [PMID: 33823853 PMCID: PMC8025579 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-021-00269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accounting for the co-occurrence of multiple environmental influences is a more accurate reflection of population exposure than considering isolated influences, aiding in understanding the complex interactions between environments, behaviour and health. This study examines how environmental ‘goods’ such as green spaces and environmental ‘bads’ such as alcohol outlets co-occur to develop a nationwide area-level healthy location index (HLI) for New Zealand. Methods Nationwide data were collected, processed, and geocoded on a comprehensive range of environmental exposures. Health-constraining ‘bads’ were represented by: (i) fast-food outlets, (ii) takeaway outlets, (iii) dairy outlets and convenience stores, (iv) alcohol outlets, (v) and gaming venues. Health-promoting ‘goods’ were represented by: (i) green spaces, (ii) blue spaces, (iii) physical activity facilities, (iv) fruit and vegetable outlets, and (v) supermarkets. The HLI was developed based on ranked access to environmental domains. The HLI was then used to investigate socio-spatial patterning by area-level deprivation and rural/urban classification. Results Results showed environmental ‘goods’ and ‘bads’ co-occurred together and were patterned by area-level deprivation. The novel HLI shows that the most deprived areas of New Zealand often have the most environmental ‘bads’ and less access to environmental ‘goods’. Conclusions The index, that is now publicly available, is able to capture both inter-regional and local variations in accessibility to health-promoting and health-constraining environments and their combination. Results in this study further reinforce the need to embrace the multidimensional nature of neighbourhood and place not only when designing health-promoting places, but also when studying the effect of existing built environments on population health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12942-021-00269-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Marek
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew Hobbs
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Wiki
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simon Kingham
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm Campbell
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.,School of Earth and Environment, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
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12
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Jia P, Cao X, Yang H, Dai S, He P, Huang G, Wu T, Wang Y. Green space access in the neighbourhood and childhood obesity. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e13100. [PMID: 32666688 PMCID: PMC7988598 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Access to green space may influence individual physical activity (PA) and subsequently weight status, as increased exposure to green space could improve health by increasing opportunities and the actual levels of PA. However, whether such associations hold empirically remains inconclusive. This study reviewed articles that analysed the association between access to green space and weight-related behaviours/outcomes among children, published before 1 January 2019. The sample sizes ranged from 108 to 44 278. Four cohorts and 17 cross-sectional studies conducted in nine countries were identified. Overall, evidence showed a positive association between access to green space and PA and a negative association between access to green space and television-watching time, body mass index (BMI) and weight status among children. Distance to the nearest green space, measured by geographic information system (GIS) in 10 studies, was often used to represent access to the nearest green space. It still remains difficult to draw a clear conclusion on the association between access to green space and BMI. Longitudinal studies can directly estimate the strength of the association between exposure and disease, which is needed to determine the causal association between access to green space and weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo‐InformaticsThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
- Faculty of Geo‐Information Science and Earth ObservationUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE)Hong KongChina
| | - Xinxi Cao
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hongxi Yang
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shaoqing Dai
- Faculty of Geo‐Information Science and Earth ObservationUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE)Hong KongChina
| | - Pan He
- Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ganlin Huang
- Center for Human‐Environment System Sustainability (CHESS), State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource EcologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Tong Wu
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE)Hong KongChina
- Research Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yaogang Wang
- Department of Health Service Management, School of Public HealthTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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13
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Jia P, Luo M, Li Y, Zheng JS, Xiao Q, Luo J. Fast-food restaurant, unhealthy eating, and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e12944. [PMID: 31507064 PMCID: PMC7988557 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Excessive access to fast-food restaurants (FFRs) in the neighbourhood is thought to be a risk factor for childhood obesity by discouraging healthful dietary behaviours while encouraging the exposure to unhealthful food venues and hence the compensatory intake of unhealthy food option. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for articles published until 1 January 2019 that analysed the association between access to FFRs and weight-related behaviours and outcomes among children aged younger than 18. Sixteen cohort studies and 71 cross-sectional studies conducted in 14 countries were identified. While higher FFR access was not associated with weight-related behaviours (eg, dietary quality score and frequency of food consumption) in most studies, it was commonly associated with more fast-food consumption. Despite that, insignificant results were observed for all meta-analyses conducted by different measures of FFR access in the neighbourhood and weight-related outcomes, although 17 of 39 studies reported positive associations when using overweight/obesity as the outcome. This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a rather mixed relationship between FFR access and weight-related behaviours/outcomes among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jia
- Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands
| | - Miyang Luo
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands.,Department of Reproductive Immunology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yamei Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ju-Sheng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands.,Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jiayou Luo
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), the Netherlands.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Li Y, Luo M, Wu X, Xiao Q, Luo J, Jia P. Grocery store access and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 1:e12945. [PMID: 31650697 PMCID: PMC7988589 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Grocery store is usually considered to be a healthy food outlet as it provides access to a variety of healthy food, such as fruits and vegetables, which may potentially improve overall dietary quality and protect against obesity. However, findings of the association between grocery store and childhood obesity are controversial. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the association between access to grocery stores and childhood obesity. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published before January 1, 2019, using the combinations of three groups of keywords separately for grocery store, children and adolescents, and weight-related behaviours and outcomes. A total of 27 cross-sectional and eight longitudinal studies were identified. Controversial results existed among 24 studies, which examined the association between the access to grocery stores and weight-related outcomes. A null association was observed in almost all meta-analyses conducted by different measures of grocery stores and weight status, except the analysis between presence of grocery stores and overweight, which reached borderline significance. For weight-related behaviours, mixed findings were reported between grocery stores and dietary behaviours, and no significant associations were found for physical activity. This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that access to grocery stores may have a rather small influence on child weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miyang Luo
- Department of Reproductive Immunology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Xinyin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands.,Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jiayou Luo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Peng Jia
- International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Enschede, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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15
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Paciência I, Cavaleiro Rufo J, Mendes F, Farraia M, Cunha P, Silva D, Delgado L, Padrão P, Moreira P, Moreira A. A cross-sectional study of the impact of school neighbourhood on children obesity and body composition. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:535-545. [PMID: 32910211 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Schools' neighbourhoods provide an important environmental context that may influence the risk of obesity among children. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of neighbourhood surrounding schools on obesity and body composition in schoolchildren. Data on 845 children aged 7 to 12 years old from 20 primary schools were considered. Anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed to assess body mass index (BMI) and characterize body composition. Land use characteristics were quantified within a 500-m buffer zone around schools. Mixed-effect models measured the effects of school neighbourhood on obesity and body composition. The results showed a tendency between green urban areas around schools and lower values of BMI and better body composition parameters compared with built areas, being BMI z-scores CDC, and body fat percentage significantly higher in-built than in green urban areas (β = 0.48, 95% CI 0.05; 0.90, and β = 2.56, 95% CI 0.39; 4.73, respectively).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the school neighbourhood has an effect on BMI and body fat percentage in schoolchildren. These results may contribute to the creation of healthier cities and help reduce health expenses by focusing on prevention programmes towards the expansion of green spaces. What is Known: • Living in greener areas has been associated with healthy weight outcomes and to the lower impact of obesogenic urban environments. • The school environment may be especially important for youth health outcomes. What is New: • Neighbourhoods around schools may affect child health, specifically the development of obesity. • The presence of urban green areas around school may promote a framework of lifestyle or behaviours conducive to achieving a healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Paciência
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Cavaleiro Rufo
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca Mendes
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Farraia
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cunha
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Silva
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Delgado
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Padrão
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Moreira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Serviço de Imunologia Básica e Clínica, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Mygind L, Kurtzhals M, Nowell C, Melby PS, Stevenson MP, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Lum JAG, Flensborg-Madsen T, Bentsen P, Enticott PG. Landscapes of becoming social: A systematic review of evidence for associations and pathways between interactions with nature and socioemotional development in children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106238. [PMID: 33189991 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing research indicates that spending time in nature is associated with diverse aspects of children's health and wellbeing. Although fundamental to later life chances and health, no systematic reviews, to our knowledge, have focused specifically on the effects of interaction with nature on socioemotional functioning in childhood. OBJECTIVES Amongst children, what is the consistency of associations between the availability of or spending time in nature on socioemotional function and development? Furthermore, which child behaviours and states independently associate with socioemotional function and availability of or spending time in nature, and what is the consistency of associations between these behaviours and states and contact with nature? DATA SOURCES Embase, Environment Complete, MEDLINE, and APA PsycINFO. Eligible studies were backward and forward snowball-searched. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies investigating effects of, or associations between, availability of or interaction with nature on socioemotional or proximal outcomes in children under the age of 12 years were included in this review. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS The internal validity of studies investigating socioemotional outcomes were based on assessments of elements of study design, conduct, and reporting to identify potential issues related to confounding or other biases. The number of analyses indicating positive, negative, and non-significant associations between availability or interaction with green space and the outcomes were summed. RESULTS A total of 223 eligible full-texts, of which 43 pertained to socioemotional outcomes and 180 to proximal outcomes, met eligibility criteria. Positive associations between availability of and spending time in green space were found with children's intra- and interpersonal socioemotional function and development. Proportions of positive findings ranged from 13.9% to 55% across experimental and observational research, exposures, populations, and contexts. Modifying and mediating factors were identified. We found consistent evidence for improved aspects of cognition and, for children over six years, reduced risk of obesity and overweight in association with green space; consistent links between movement behaviours in the experimental, but not observational research; tentative trends suggesting associations with play, motor skills, language, screen time, and communication skills; little evidence for positive associations between green space and mood, physical wellbeing, and stress; some evidence for associations with healthy birth outcomes, and little evidence for direct associations between availability of green space and asthma and allergy prevalence, however, mediation via, for example, air pollution was likely. LIMITATIONS We identified few studies without either probable or severe risk of bias in at least one item. Improved study quality may therefore result in different results. Restricting analyses to include only studies considered at low risk of bias indicated similar or slightly lower proportions of positive findings. Risk of bias in proximal outcomes was not assessed. CONCLUSIONS The empirical evidence for benefits of availability of and interaction green space for child socioemotional function and development must currently be considered limited. A number of proximal indicators were identified. Systematic review registration number. PROSPERO ID CRD42019135016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lærke Mygind
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Kurtzhals
- Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Clare Nowell
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paulina S Melby
- Section of Sport, Individual and Society, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matt P Stevenson
- Health Promotion Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, The Capital Region of Denmark, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Trine Flensborg-Madsen
- Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bentsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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17
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Bao WW, Yang BY, Zou ZY, Ma J, Jing J, Wang HJ, Luo JY, Zhang X, Luo CY, Wang H, Zhao HP, Pan DH, Gui ZH, Zhang JS, Guo YM, Ma YH, Dong GH, Chen YJ. Greenness surrounding schools and adiposity in children and adolescents: Findings from a national population-based study in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110289. [PMID: 33027626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that exposure to green space may benefit human health. However, the available evidence concerning the effects of greenness, especially school-based greenness, on pediatric obesity is scarce. OBJECTIVE To explore the association between school-based greenness and adiposity in children and adolescents in China. METHOD We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study of 56,620 children and adolescents (aged 6-18 years) in seven provinces/municipalities across China. School-based greenness was assessed using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) within 100-, 500-, and 1000-m circular buffers around each school's address. Generalized linear mixed regression models were used to estimate associations of greenness with BMI z-scores (zBMI), waist circumference, and prevalent overweight/obesity. We also explored the potential mediating role of ambient air pollution and physical activity in the greenness-adiposity associations. RESULT In the adjusted model, an IQR increase in NDVI-1000m was associated with lower zBMI (β: -0.11, 95% confidence interval[CI]: -0.13,-0.09) and waist circumference (β: -0.64, 95%CI: -0.78,-0.50). Consistently, an IQR increase in NDVI-100m, NDVI-500m, NDVI-1000m was associated with 7-20% lower odds of overweight/obesity in the adjusted models. Air pollutants mediated 6.5-29.1% of the association between greenness and zBMI. No significant mediation effect was observed for physical activity. CONCLUSION Higher school-based greenness levels were associated with lower zBMI, waist circumference, and lower odds of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Ambient air pollutants may partially mediate the greenness-adiposity associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Bao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zou
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jia-You Luo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chun-Yan Luo
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Institute of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hai-Ping Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - De-Hong Pan
- Liaoning Health Supervision Bureau, Shenyang, 110005, China
| | - Zhao-Huan Gui
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Shu Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu-Ming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ying-Hua Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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18
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Luo YN, Huang WZ, Liu XX, Markevych I, Bloom MS, Zhao T, Heinrich J, Yang BY, Dong GH. Greenspace with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies up to 2020. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13078. [PMID: 32677149 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several reviews have been conducted to assess the association between greenspace and overweight or obesity, but the conclusions were inconsistent. However, an updated comprehensive review and meta-analysis is warranted, because several high-quality papers have been published more recently. The objectives of this study are to systematically and quantitatively assess the evidence for a link between greenspace with overweight/obesity and to make specific recommendations for further research. We searched three English language databases, four Chinese language databases and the reference lists of previously published reviews for epidemiological studies on greenspace and overweight/obesity published before January 2020. We developed inclusion criteria, screened the literature and extracted key data from selected papers. We assessed methodological quality and risk of bias, and we graded the credibility of the pooled evidence. We also performed sensitivity analyses. Fifty-seven records met our inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Most studies were cross-sectional designs (81%) and were from developed nations (88%). More than half (55%) of the included studies found beneficial associations between greenspace and overweight/obesity in overall or subpopulations. Our meta-analytical results showed that greater normalized difference vegetation index was associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity in a statistically significant fashion (odds ratio [OR]: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.91) but not residential proximity to greenspace (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.00), proportion of greenspace (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.08) or number of parks in an area (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.01). However, we detected high between-study heterogeneity in two of the four meta-analyses, which reduced the credibility of the pooled evidence. Current evidence indicates that there might be an association between greater access to greenspace and lower odds of overweight/obesity. However, additional high-quality studies are needed to more definitively assess the evidence for a causal association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Na Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Zhong Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) Munich, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Healthy and unhealthy food environments are linked with neighbourhood socio-economic disadvantage: an innovative geospatial approach to understanding food access inequities. Public Health Nutr 2020; 23:3190-3196. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020002104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjective:This study examined the separate relationships between socio-economic disadvantage and the density of multiple types of food outlets, and relationships between socio-economic disadvantage and composite food environment indices.Design:Cross-sectional data were analysed using geospatial kernel density techniques. Food outlet data included convenience stores, discount stores, fast-food and fast casual restaurants, and grocery stores. Controlling for urbanicity and race/ethnicity, multivariate linear regression was used to examine the relationships between socio-economic disadvantage and density of food outlets.Setting:This study occurred in a large Southeastern US county containing 255 census block groups with a total population of 474 266, of which 77·1 % was Non-Hispanic White, the median household income was $48 886 and 15·0 % of residents lived below 125 % of the federal poverty line.Participants:The unit of analysis was block groups; all data about neighbourhood socio-economic disadvantage and food outlets were publicly available.Results:As block group socio-economic disadvantage increased, so too did access to all types of food outlets. The total food environment index, calculated as the ratio of unhealthy food outlets to all food outlets, decreased as block group disadvantage increased.Conclusions:Those who reside in more disadvantaged block groups have greater access to both healthy and unhealthy food outlets. The density of unhealthy establishments was greater in more disadvantaged areas; however, because of having greater access to grocery stores, disadvantaged populations have less obesogenic total food environments. Structural changes are needed to reduce access to unhealthy food outlets to ensure environmental injustice and reduce obesity risk.
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Zhou Y, Buck C, Maier W, von Lengerke T, Walter U, Dreier M. Built Environment and Childhood Weight Status: A Multi-Level Study Using Population-Based Data in the City of Hannover, Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2694. [PMID: 32295200 PMCID: PMC7215411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, built environmental characteristics have been linked to childhood overweight, but the results remain inconsistent across studies. The present study examines associations between several built environmental features and body weight status (BMI) z-score among a large sample of preschool children in the city of Hannover, Germany. Walkability (Index), green space availability, and playground availability related to preschool children's home environments were measured using data from OpenStreetMap (OSM). These built environment characteristics were linked to the data from the 2010-2014 school entry examinations in the Hannover city (n = 22,678), and analysed using multilevel linear regression models to examine associations between the built environment features and the BMI z-score of these children (4-8 years old). No significant associations of built environmental factors on children's BMI were detected, but the effect between green space availability and BMI was modified by the parental educational level. In children with lower compared to higher educated parents, a higher spatial availability of greenspace was significantly associated with reduced body weight. Future research should continue to monitor the disparities in diverse built environment features and how these are related to children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Zhou
- Institute of Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (U.W.); (M.D.)
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Werner Maier
- Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Thomas von Lengerke
- Department of Medical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Ulla Walter
- Institute of Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (U.W.); (M.D.)
| | - Maren Dreier
- Institute of Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (U.W.); (M.D.)
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The association between neighborhood greenness and incidence of lethal prostate cancer: A prospective cohort study. Environ Epidemiol 2020; 4:e091. [PMID: 32656487 PMCID: PMC7319229 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Growing evidence suggests that neighborhood contextual environment could influence risk factors and, therefore, incidence of lethal prostate cancer. We studied the association between neighborhood greenness and lethal prostate cancer incidence and assessed mediation by vigorous physical activity.
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Does the Connectivity of Urban Public Green Space Promote Its Use? An Empirical Study of Wuhan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17010297. [PMID: 31906286 PMCID: PMC6981519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A high greenness level can enhance green space use and outdoor physical activity. However, rapid urbanization and high-density development have led to the loss or fragmentation of green space, especially urban public green space (PGS). With the aim of increasing the health benefits from PGS, some planners and researchers suggest connecting existing PGSs to encourage urban residents to use the PGS, and thus, to improve public health. Does this suggestion stand with robustness? By taking 42 sub-districts in the inner area of Wuhan as the study objects, this paper examines the correlation between the connectivity of PGS and its use. We also explore how the characteristics of PGS and the facilities/functions in the neighboring areas influence this relationship by using Location Based Service data (WeChat-Yichuxing data), point of interest (POI) data, and remote-sensing image, etc. Using Regression Analysis, we found that there is no high correlation between PGS use and its connectivity. The possible causes might be attributed to the fact that PGS use is profoundly influenced by multifaceted competing impact factors, and no one can stand dominantly. It is interesting to see that the density of companies is positively, but slightly, related to PGS use.
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Chong S, Mazumdar S, Ding D, Morgan G, Comino EJ, Bauman A, Jalaludin B. Neighbourhood greenspace and physical activity and sedentary behaviour among older adults with a recent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a prospective analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028947. [PMID: 31727646 PMCID: PMC6886939 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Greenspace is one of the important factors that can promote an active lifestyle. Thus, greener surroundings may be a motivating factor for people with newly diagnosed diabetes to engage in more physical activity. Given that diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) may serve as a window opportunity for behavioural modification, we hypothesise that the association between neighbourhood greenspace and physical activity among people with newly diagnosed T2D may be greater than those not diagnosed with T2D. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between access to greenspace and changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and whether these associations differed by T2D. DESIGN Prospective cohort. SETTING New South Wales, Australia. METHODS We used self-reported information from the New South Wales 45 and Up Study (baseline) and a follow-up study. Information on sitting, walking and moderate to vigorous physical activity was used as outcomes. The proportion of greenspace within 500 m, 1 km and 2 km road network buffers around participant's residential address was generated as a proxy measure for access to greenspace. The association between the access to greenspace and the outcomes were explored among the newly diagnosed T2D group and those without T2D. RESULTS Among New T2D, although no significant changes were found in the amount of walking with the percentage of greenspace, increasing trends were apparent. There was no significant association between the percentage of greenspace and changes in amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Among No T2D, there were no significant associations between the amount of MVPA and walking, and percentage of greenspace. For changes in sitting time, there were no significant associations with percentage of greenspace regardless of buffer size. CONCLUSIONS In this study, there was no association between access to greenspace at baseline and change in walking, MVPA and sitting time, regardless of T2D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanley Chong
- Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Soumya Mazumdar
- Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoff Morgan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Jean Comino
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- Population Health, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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24
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The Low-Impact Development Demand Index: A New Approach to Identifying Locations for LID. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of low impact development (LID) is to capture urban stormwater runoff; however, multiple indirect benefits (environmental and socioeconomic benefits) also exist (e.g., improvements to human health and decreased air pollution). Identifying sites with the highest demand or need for LID ensures the maximization of all benefits. This is a spatial decision-making problem that has not been widely addressed in the literature and was the focus of this research. Previous research has focused on finding feasible sites for installing LID, whilst only considering insufficient criteria which represent the benefits of LID (either neglecting the hydrological and hydraulic benefits or indirect benefits). This research considered the hydrological and hydraulic, environmental, and socioeconomic benefits of LID to identify sites with the highest demand for LID. Specifically, a geospatial framework was proposed that uses publicly available data, hydrological-hydraulic principles, and a simple additive weighting (SAW) method within a hierarchical decision-making model. Three indices were developed to determine the LID demand: (1) hydrological-hydraulic index (HHI), (2) socioeconomic index (SEI), and (3) environmental index (ENI). The HHI was developed based on a heuristic model using hydrological-hydraulic principles and validated against the results of a physical model, the Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System model (HEC-HMS). The other two indices were generated using the SAW hierarchical model and then incorporated into the HHI index to generate the LID demand index (LIDDI). The framework was applied to the City of Toronto, yielding results that are validated against historical flooding records.
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25
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Tsai WL, Davis AJ, Jackson LE. Associations between types of greenery along neighborhood roads and weight status in different climates. URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2019; 41:104-107. [PMID: 31031577 PMCID: PMC6483109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major international health concern. Neighborhood greenery has been identified as a critical factor for promoting health in urban areas, due in part to its apparent role in facilitating healthy weight by promoting physical activity. However, studies have used diverse greenery measures and spatial analysis units to ascertain this relationship. This study examined associations between street greenery and weight status at the residential address level across 500 to 2000m buffers in two climatically distinct communities, Phoenix, AZ, and Portland, OR. Greenery was measured using one-meter landcover data. Street greenery measures were designed to quantify the pedestrian environment along a gradient of suitability for promoting physical exercise. Weight status was defined by body mass index (BMI) calculated from weight and height information on driver's license records. BMI values were dichotomized at 25 into overweight or obese vs. neither. Approximately 500,000 BMI values in Phoenix and 225,000 in Portland were modelled by community using logistic regression. Street tree cover was consistently protective for healthy weight status across all buffer sizes after adjusting for potential confounders. Herbaceous street cover showed protective associations in Phoenix but harmful associations in Portland. Every 10% increase in street tree cover within 2000m was associated with 18% lower odds of being overweight or obese (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.81 - 0.84 in Phoenix; 0.82, 95% CI: 0.81 - 0.83 in Portland). When compared to residents with less than 10% street tree cover within 2000m, those with greater than 10% tree cover had at least 13% (AOR for Portland: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.81 - 0.92) lower odds of being overweight or obese. Findings support the importance of urban street trees in very different climates for facilitating healthy weight status. They can inform greenery management to prioritize vegetation type and allocation decisions in limited urban spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Tsai
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) participant at the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Laura E. Jackson
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- Corresponding Author: , Phone: +1 (919) 541-3088
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Morgan Hughey S, Kaczynski AT, Porter DE, Hibbert J, Turner-McGrievy G, Liu J. Development and testing of a multicomponent obesogenic built environment measure for youth using kernel density estimations. Health Place 2019; 56:174-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Schalkwijk AAH, van der Zwaard BC, Nijpels G, Elders PJM, Platt L. The impact of greenspace and condition of the neighbourhood on child overweight. Eur J Public Health 2019; 28:88-94. [PMID: 28371876 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood overweight/obesity has been associated with environmental, parenting and socioeconomic status (SES) factors. This paper assesses the influence of the amount of green space, accessibility to a garden and neighbourhood condition on being overweight/obese. It investigates whether parental behaviours moderate or mediate this influence and evaluates the interaction of SES with environmental context. Methods 6467 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study living in England were analysed. We estimated logistic regressions to examine the initial association between environment and overweight. Subsequently, parenting determinants comprising: food consumption, physical activity, rules and regularity were evaluated as moderators or mediators. Lastly SES related variables were tested as moderators or mediators of the associations. Results Statistically significant associations were found between low levels of green space, no access to a garden, run down area and childhood overweight/obesity [odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] respectively: 1.14 (1.02-1.27), 1.35 (1.16-1.58), 1.22 (1.05-1.42)]. None of the parental constructs mediated or moderated the relationships between environment and childhood overweight/obesity. Including SES, parental education moderated the effect of environmental context. Specifically, among lower educated households lack of garden access and less green space was associated with overweight/obesity; and among higher educated households poor neighbourhood condition influenced the probability of overweight/obesity respectively: 1.38 (1.12-1.70) OR 1.38, 95% CI (1.21-1.70). Conclusions This study suggests that limits on access to outdoor space are associated with future childhood overweight/obesity although the ways in which this occurs are moderated by parental education level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie A H Schalkwijk
- Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Babette C van der Zwaard
- Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Nijpels
- Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice & Elderly Care Medicine, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucinda Platt
- Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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Zhang H, Yin L. A Meta-analysis of the Literature on the Association of the Social and Built Environment With Obesity: Identifying Factors in Need of More In-Depth Research. Am J Health Promot 2018; 33:792-805. [DOI: 10.1177/0890117118817713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to identify groups of the social and built environment factors that have been studied substantially along with factors that need further attention, to guide the research, designing, and planning of the social and built environment for reducing obesity prevalence. Data Source: A systematic search of literature was undertaken from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Keyword combination of “built environment,” “social environment,” and “obesity” were used to expand the search scope. Exclusion criteria included (1) any article with less than 50 citations from 2005 to 2010, and those with less than 25 citations from 2011 to 2015. In this way we included the most prominent peer-reviewed studies published in recent years while excluding less influential publications; (2) any article published in a language other than English; (3) literature review articles; (4) any article studying health outcomes not obesity related. We included research on eating behaviors since the studies contributed profoundly to food environment research. Data Synthesis: A meta-analysis of 153 empirical studies, selected from 2005 to 2015 based on a series of criteria, was conducted using factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis was undertaken to group the prevalence and use of the social and built environment factors associated with obesity. Results: The findings suggested that the research community has gained a substantial understanding of the D variables of the built environment, including density, diversity, design, distance to transit, and destination access. Factors concerning different age groups, minority populations, groups with low socioeconomic status, food environment, and street-level urban design features have been less examined. Conclusions: The findings are important to guide future research directions, giving more attention to the factors in need of more in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Architecture and Planning, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Johnson KA, Showell NN, Flessa S, Janssen M, Reid N, Cheskin LJ, Thornton RL. Do Neighborhoods Matter? A Systematic Review of Modifiable Risk Factors for Obesity among Low Socio-Economic Status Black and Hispanic Children. Child Obes 2018; 15:71-86. [PMID: 30565954 PMCID: PMC6386088 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity increases the risk of obesity and harmful comorbidities later in life. It is influenced by characteristics of a child's neighborhood, particularly among underserved groups. Our objective was to systematically review the evidence relating neighborhood environment and obesity risk among urban, low socioeconomic status (SES) Black and Hispanic children. METHODS We included studies published from 1993 through early 2017 from PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Sociological Abstracts databases investigating relationships between empirically measured neighborhood characteristics and obesity risk factors in the populations of interest. Databases were last searched on May 8, 2018. Initial analysis took place during 2014 and was completed during 2017. We extracted data on study population, design, and associations between neighborhood characteristics and obesity risk factors. RESULTS We identified 2011 unique studies; 24 were included. Few studies demonstrated consistent patterns of association. Most neighborhood characteristics were not examined across multiple studies. BMI may be related to living in a lower-income neighborhood or convenience store access. CONCLUSIONS This review found that the body of evidence relating neighborhood exposures and obesity risk factors among urban, low SES Black (also commonly referred to in the literature as "non-Hispanic Black" or African American) and Hispanic children is limited. Given the high risk of obesity and cardiovascular disease among these populations throughout the life course, research on neighborhood determinants of obesity should specifically include these populations, ensuring adequate power and methodological rigor to detect differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Abowd Johnson
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nakiya N. Showell
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah Flessa
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Natalie Reid
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lawrence J. Cheskin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Global Obesity Prevention Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rachel L.J. Thornton
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Summers JK, Vivian DN. Ecotherapy - A Forgotten Ecosystem Service: A Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1389. [PMID: 30123175 PMCID: PMC6085576 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural ecosystems provide important services upon which humans depend. Unfortunately, some people tend to believe that these services are provided by nature for free; therefore, the services have little or no value. One nearly forgotten ecosystem service is ecotherapy – the ability of interaction with nature to enhance healing and growth. While we do not pay for this service, its loss can result in a cost to humans resulting in slower recovery times, greater distress and reduced well-being. Losses in these images of nature can diminish our basic happiness. Little is understood or, at least, appreciated concerning the potential ecotherapy benefits of the natural environment and its ecosystem services. The complex and interactive relationship of ecosystems, their services and human well-being is poorly acknowledged in the broad social, philosophical, psychological and economic well-being literature. In this article, we examine the role of nature and its ecosystem services in ecotherapy and its associated enhancement of recovery from physical and mental illness through a review of studies evaluating this ecosystem service-recovery connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Summers
- Gulf Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL, United States
| | - Deborah N Vivian
- Gulf Ecology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, FL, United States
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31
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Browning MHEM, Rigolon A. Do Income, Race and Ethnicity, and Sprawl Influence the Greenspace-Human Health Link in City-Level Analyses? Findings from 496 Cities in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071541. [PMID: 30037037 PMCID: PMC6068800 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Examination of the greenspace—human health relationship operates in at least four dimensions: what is considered greenspace? which moderators and mediators are included? what outcomes are measured? and which units of analysis (e.g., individuals, cities) are studied? We examined three of these four dimensions in a cross-sectional study of 496 of the 500 most populated US cities (total population size = 97,574,613, average population per city = 197,920). Spatial average models tested the effect of two greenspace measures (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index greenness and tree cover) on two outcomes (obesity and mental health), while adjusting for income, race and ethnicity, sprawl, age, sex, physical inactivity, median age of housing, and total population. We conducted analyses at the city scale, which is an understudied unit of analysis, and compared findings to individual- and neighborhood-level studies. In two of four models, greenspace was associated with better health. We found race and ethnicity moderated this relationship with varying results. In full sample analyses, cities with greater percentages of non-Hispanic Whites showed links between higher tree cover and lower obesity but marginal relationships between higher greenness and lower obesity. In subsample analyses with majority-non-Hispanic Black cities, higher tree cover was associated with lower obesity and better mental health. These findings advance previous research by showing that race and ethnicity moderate the greenspace—health link at the city level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H E M Browning
- Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
| | - Alessandro Rigolon
- Department of Recreation, Sport and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have linked urban environmental factors and body mass index (BMI); however, such factors are often examined in isolation, ignoring correlations across exposures. METHODS Using data on Nurses' Health Study participants living in the Northeastern United States in 2006, we estimated associations between neighborhood walkability (a composite of population density, street connectivity, and business access), greenness (from satellite imagery), and ambient air pollution (from satellite-based spatiotemporally resolved PM2.5 predictions and weighted monthly average concentrations of NO2 from up to five nearest monitors) and self-reported BMI using generalized additive models, allowing for deviations from linearity using penalized splines. RESULTS Among 23,435 women aged 60-87 years, we observed nonlinear associations between walkability and BMI and between PM2.5 and BMI in single-exposure models adjusted for age, race, and individual- and area-level socioeconomic status. When modeling all exposures simultaneously, only the association between walkability and BMI remained nonlinear and nonmonotonic. Increasing walkability was associated with increasing BMI at lower levels of walkability (walkability index <1.8), while increasing walkability was linked to lower BMI in areas of higher walkability (walkability index >1.8). A 10 percentile increase in walkability, right above 1.8 was associated with a 0.84% decrease in log BMI. The relationship between walkability and BMI existed only among younger participants (<71 years old). CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood walkability was nonlinearly linked to lower BMI independent of air pollution and greenness. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for nonlinear confounding by interrelated urban environmental factors when investigating associations between the environment and BMI.
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Gorski Findling MT, Wolfson JA, Rimm EB, Bleich SN. Differences in the Neighborhood Retail Food Environment and Obesity Among US Children and Adolescents by SNAP Participation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1063-1071. [PMID: 29797558 PMCID: PMC5975976 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to understand the association between children's neighborhood food access and overweight/obesity in a national sample of US households, and whether this association differs by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation or household purchases. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey (2012-2013; n = 3,748 children aged 2 to 18 years). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between neighborhood retail food access (≤1 mile from home), food purchases (including sugary beverages), and overweight/obesity, stratified by SNAP status (1,720 participants, 453 eligible nonparticipants, 1,575 SNAP ineligible). Store types included supermarkets/grocery, combination grocery/other (independent drug, dollar, and general stores), convenience, fast food, and non-fast food restaurants. RESULTS Odds of childhood overweight/obesity (OR [95% CI]) were higher with greater access to combination grocery/other stores overall (1.10 [1.03-1.17]) and for children in SNAP (1.14 [1.05-1.24]). Eligible non-SNAP children had higher odds of overweight/obesity with greater access to convenience stores (1.11 [1.04-1.18]). The average child lived in a household with 6.3% of total spending at food outlets on sugary beverages (SNAP: 8.3%, eligible non-SNAP: 7.7%, SNAP ineligible: 5.5%). CONCLUSIONS Greater neighborhood access to combination grocery/other stores is associated with higher obesity prevalence for children overall and those in SNAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A. Wolfson
- Departments of Health Management and Policy and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric B. Rimm
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara N. Bleich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Miles R, Wang Y, Johnson SB. Neighborhood Built and Social Environments and Change in Weight Status over the Summer in Low-Income Elementary School Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061124. [PMID: 29857473 PMCID: PMC6025352 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhoods can provide opportunities for children to maintain a healthy weight or encourage unhealthy weight gain. Which neighborhood characteristics matter most remains poorly understood. We investigated links between neighborhood characteristics and weight change over the summer in children from 12 elementary schools with a high proportion of children from low-income families, in a mid-sized city in the US South. Mixed models and objective measures of height and weight were used. Study participants were 2770 children (average age 8.3, range 5.6–12.6 years). Older and female children and those who were already overweight were more likely to gain weight over the summer compared to younger, male, and normal weight children. Overweight children who lived near 2 or more small grocery stores gained less weight than overweight children who lived near 0 (weight change, p = 0.0468; body mass index (BMI) change, p = 0.0209) or 1 store (weight change, p = 0.0136; BMI change, p = 0.0033). Normal weight children living in neighborhoods with more large multifamily buildings gained more weight over the summer, although this association only approached significance. Additional efforts to understand which neighborhood factors have greater significance for overweight compared to normal weight children are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Miles
- Department of Urban & Regional Planning, College of Social Sciences, Florida State University (FSU), Tallahassee, FL 32306-2280, USA.
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, FSU College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
| | - Suzanne Bennett Johnson
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, FSU College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
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Understanding Out-of-Home Food Environment, Family Restaurant Choices, and Childhood Obesity with an Agent-Based Huff Model. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10051575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bezold CP, Banay RF, Coull BA, Hart JE, James P, Kubzansky LD, Missmer SA, Laden F. The relationship between surrounding greenness in childhood and adolescence and depressive symptoms in adolescence and early adulthood. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 28:213-219. [PMID: 29426730 PMCID: PMC5869153 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to nature, particularly vegetation (greenness), may be beneficial for mental health. We investigated whether higher surrounding greenness in early life was associated with subsequent reduced risk of depressive symptoms and whether this association was modified by age, sex, or population density. METHODS Participants from the Growing Up Today Study were included if they reported on depressive symptoms between 1999 and 2013. Greenness exposure was characterized as the cumulative average normalized difference vegetation index value (1000 m resolution) from 1989 until 2 years before outcome assessment or age 18 based on geocoded addresses. We defined high depressive symptoms as the top 10% of scores on the McKnight Risk Factor Survey or the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression scale, depending on the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for socioeconomic status and other confounders. RESULTS There was a 6% lower incidence of high depressive symptoms associated with an interquartile range increase in greenness (95% confidence interval, 11%-0%). This relationship was stronger in higher population density areas (>1000 people/mi2, 8% lower incidence, 95% confidence interval 15%-1%). CONCLUSIONS Living in an area with greater surrounding greenness during childhood may be beneficial for mental health, particularly in more urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla P Bezold
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
| | - Rachel F Banay
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter James
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Schinasi LH, Auchincloss AH, Forrest CB, Diez Roux AV. Using electronic health record data for environmental and place based population health research: a systematic review. Ann Epidemiol 2018; 28:493-502. [PMID: 29628285 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a systematic review of literature published on January 2000-May 2017 that spatially linked electronic health record (EHR) data with environmental information for population health research. METHODS We abstracted information on the environmental and health outcome variables and the methods and data sources used. RESULTS The automated search yielded 669 articles; 128 articles are included in the full review. The number of articles increased by publication year; the majority (80%) were from the United States, and the mean sample size was approximately 160,000. Most articles used cross-sectional (44%) or longitudinal (40%) designs. Common outcomes were health care utilization (32%), cardiometabolic conditions/obesity (23%), and asthma/respiratory conditions (10%). Common environmental variables were sociodemographic measures (42%), proximity to medical facilities (15%), and built environment and land use (13%). The most common spatial identifiers were administrative units (59%), such as census tracts. Residential addresses were also commonly used to assign point locations, or to calculate distances or buffer areas. CONCLUSIONS Future research should include more detailed descriptions of methods used to geocode addresses, focus on a broader array of health outcomes, and describe linkage methods. Studies should also explore using longitudinal residential address histories to evaluate associations between time-varying environmental variables and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah H Schinasi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Urban Health Collaborative, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Amy H Auchincloss
- Urban Health Collaborative, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
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Impact of the Social and Natural Environment on Preschool-Age Children Weight. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15030449. [PMID: 29510565 PMCID: PMC5876994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The complex impact of environmental and social factors on preschool children being overweight/obese is unclear. We examined the associations between the levels of green space exposure and the risk of being overweight/obese for 4–6 year-old children and assessed the impact of maternal education on these associations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1489 mother-child pairs living in Kaunas, Lithuania, in 2012–2013. We assessed children overweight/obesity by standardized questionnaires using international body mass index cut-off points, and the level of greenness exposures by satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of each child’s home and by the distance to a nearest city park. The maternal education was used as the SES indicator. We used logistic regression models to investigate the strength of the associations. Results: Children from families with poorer maternal education, pathological mother-child relations and smoking mothers, and living in areas with less greenness exposure (NDVI-100 m), had significantly higher odds ratios of being overweight/obese. Lower maternal education and distance to a city park modified the effect of greenness cover level exposure on the risk of children being overweight/obese. Conclusions: Higher greenness exposure in the residential settings has beneficial effects on children’s physical development. The green spaces exposures for psychosocial stress management is recommended as a measure to prevent overweight/obesity among children.
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Sidewalk Landscape Structure and Thermal Conditions for Child and Adult Pedestrians. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15010148. [PMID: 29346312 PMCID: PMC5800247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Walking is being promoted for health and transportation purposes across all climatic regions in the US and beyond. Despite this, an uncomfortable microclimate condition along sidewalks is one of the major deterrents of walking, and more empirical research is needed to determine the risks of heat exposure to pedestrians while walking. This study examined the effect of street trees and grass along sidewalks on air temperatures. A series of thermal images were taken at the average heights of adults and children in the US to objectively measure the air temperatures of 10 sidewalk segments in College Station, TX, USA. After controlling the other key physical environmental conditions, sidewalks with more trees or wider grass buffer areas had lower air temperatures than those with less vegetation. Children were exposed to higher temperatures due to the greater exposure or proximity to the pavement surface, which tends to have higher radiant heat. Multivariate regression analysis suggested that the configuration of trees and grass buffers along the sidewalks helped to promote pleasant thermal conditions and reduced the differences in ambient air temperatures measured at child and adult heights. This study suggests that street trees and vegetated ground help reduce the air temperatures, leading to more thermally comfortable environments for both child and adult pedestrians in warm climates. The thermal implications of street landscape require further attention by researchers and policy makers that are interested in promoting outdoor walking.
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Klompmaker JO, Hoek G, Bloemsma LD, Gehring U, Strak M, Wijga AH, van den Brink C, Brunekreef B, Lebret E, Janssen NAH. Green space definition affects associations of green space with overweight and physical activity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:531-540. [PMID: 29106952 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In epidemiological studies, exposure to green space is inconsistently associated with being overweight and physical activity, possibly because studies differ widely in their definition of green space exposure, inclusion of important confounders, study population and data analysis. OBJECTIVES We evaluated whether the association of green space with being overweight and physical activity depended upon definition of greenspace. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from a Dutch national health survey of 387,195 adults. Distance to the nearest park entrance and surrounding green space, based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) or a detailed Dutch land-use database (TOP10NL), was calculated for each residential address. We used logistic regression analyses to study the association of green space exposure with being overweight and being moderately or vigorously physically active outdoors at least 150min/week (self-reported). To study the shape of the association, we specified natural splines and quintiles. RESULTS The distance to the nearest park entrance was not associated with being overweight or outdoor physical activity. Associations of surrounding green space with being overweight or outdoor physical activity were highly non-linear. For NDVI surrounding greenness, we observed significantly decreased odds of being overweight [300m buffer, odds ratio (OR) = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.91] and increased odds for outdoor physical activity [300m buffer, OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.17] in the highest quintile compared to the lowest quintile. For TOP10NL surrounding green space, associations were mostly non-significant. Associations were generally stronger for subjects living in less urban areas and for the smaller buffers. CONCLUSION Associations of green space with being overweight and outdoor physical activity differed considerably between different green space definitions. Associations were strongest for NDVI surrounding greenness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem O Klompmaker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lizan D Bloemsma
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alet H Wijga
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien van den Brink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lebret
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole A H Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Caspi CE, Wang Q, Shanafelt A, Larson N, Wei S, Hearst MO, Nanney MS. School Breakfast Program Participation and Rural Adolescents' Purchasing Behaviors in Food Stores and Restaurants. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2017; 87:723-731. [PMID: 28876476 PMCID: PMC5679072 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about adolescents' food purchasing behaviors in rural areas. This study examined whether purchasing food at stores/restaurants around schools was related to adolescents' participation in school breakfast programs and overall diet in rural Minnesota. METHODS Breakfast-skippers enrolled in a group-randomized intervention in 2014 to 2015 (N = 404 from 8 schools) completed 24-hour dietary recalls and pre/post surveys assessing food establishment purchase frequency. Healthy Eating Index Scores (HEI-2010) were calculated for each student. Student-level school breakfast participation (SBP) was obtained from school food service records. Mixed-effects regression models estimated: (1) whether SBP was associated with store/restaurant use at baseline, (2) whether an increase in SBP was associated with a decrease in store/restaurant use, and (3) whether stores/restaurant use was associated with HEI-2010 scores at baseline. RESULTS Students with increased SBP were more likely to decrease fast-food restaurant purchases on the way home from school (OR 1.017, 95% CI 1.005, 1.029), but were less likely to decrease purchases at food stores for breakfast (OR 0.979, 95% CI 0.959, 0.999). Food establishment use was associated with lower HEI-2010 dairy component scores (p = .017). CONCLUSIONS Increasing participation in school breakfast may result in modest changes in purchases at food establishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Eicher Caspi
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414
| | - Qi Wang
- Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414
| | - Amy Shanafelt
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Suite 300, 1300 South 2nd Street, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Susan Wei
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Mary O Hearst
- Henriette Schmoll School of Health, St. Catherine University, 2004 Randolph Ave., St. Paul, MN 55105
| | - Marilyn S Nanney
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414
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Wilhelmsen CK, Skalleberg K, Raanaas RK, Tveite H, Aamodt G. Associations between green area in school neighbourhoods and overweight and obesity among Norwegian adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2017; 7:99-105. [PMID: 28593129 PMCID: PMC5460739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between green areas and adolescents' body mass index (BMI). This is based on the notion that nature environment is known to have beneficial effects on human health, and that some of the explanation for this is that green areas are especially motivating or suitable as arenas for physical activity. We included 10,527 participants from the Norwegian Youth Study, which was conducted between 2001 and 2004. The participants reported body weight, height, and important potential confounding variables about lifestyle, family situation, and neighbourhood characteristics. Green area was assessed from land cover maps and we calculated the percentage of green areas within 1 km and 5 km buffers around the adolescents' schools. We found that the percentage of overweight and obese adolescents increased significantly when the percentage of green areas in the participants' surrounding increased (p < 0.001 for both outcomes and buffer sizes). The same results were found in logistic regression models where we adjusted for a large set of variables. As an example, the odds for being overweight was 1.38 times higher (95% CI: 1.02-1.85) for participants living in the most green surroundings compared to participants living in the least green surroundings (1 km buffer). Norwegian green areas are typically farmland, woods, and mountains, and we speculate if these areas are less accessible and attractive for adolescents, who might need more facilitated green areas for sport and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Koteng Wilhelmsen
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Katrine Skalleberg
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ruth Kjærsti Raanaas
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard Tveite
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Geir Aamodt
- Department of Public Health Science, Faculty of Landscape and Society, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Sarkar C. Residential greenness and adiposity: Findings from the UK Biobank. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 106:1-10. [PMID: 28551493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rapid urbanization and prevailing obesity pandemic, the role of residential green exposures in obesity prevention has gained renewed focus. The study investigated the effects of residential green exposures on adiposity using a large and diverse population sample drawn from the UK Biobank. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a population based cross-sectional study of 333,183 participants aged 38-73years with individual-level data on residential greenness and built environment exposures. Residential greenness was assessed through 0.50-metre resolution normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from spectral reflectance measurements in remotely sensed colour infrared data and measured around geocoded participants' dwelling. A series of continuous and binary outcome models examined the associations between residential greenness and markers of adiposity, expressed as body-mass index (BMI) in kg/m2, waist circumference (WC) in cm, whole body fat (WBF) in kg and obesity (BMI≥30kg/m2) after adjusting for other activity-influencing built environment and individual-level confounders. Sensitivity analyses involved studying effect modification by gender, age, urbanicity and SES as well as examining relationships between residential greenness and active travel behaviour. RESULTS Residential greenness was independently and consistently associated with lower adiposity, the association being robust to adjustments. An interquartile increment in NDVI greenness was associated with lower BMI (βBMI=-0.123kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.14, -0.10kg/m2), WC (βWC=-0.551cm, 95% CI: -0.61, -0.50cm), and WBF (βWBF=-0.138kg, 95% CI: -0.18, -0.10kg) as well as a reduced relative risk of obesity (RR=0.968, 95% CI: 0.96, 0.98). Residential greenness was beneficially related with active travel, being associated with higher odds of using active mode for non-work travel (OR=1.093, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.11) as well as doing >30min walking (OR=1.039, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.05). CONCLUSION Residing in greener areas was associated with healthy weight outcomes possibly through a physical activity-related mechanism. Green allocation and design may act as upstream-level public health interventions ameliorating the negative health externalities of obesogenic urban environments. Further prospective studies are needed to identify potential causal pathways and thereby effectively guide such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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Fiechtner L, Puente GC, Sharifi M, Block JP, Price S, Marshall R, Blossom J, Gerber MW, Taveras EM. A Community Resource Map to Support Clinical-Community Linkages in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Childhood Obesity, Eastern Massachusetts, 2014-2016. Prev Chronic Dis 2017; 14:E53. [PMID: 28682745 PMCID: PMC5510302 DOI: 10.5888/pcd14.160577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel approaches to health care delivery that leverage community resources could improve outcomes for children at high risk for obesity. Community Context We describe the process by which we created an online interactive community resources map for use in the Connect for Health randomized controlled trial. The trial was conducted in the 6 pediatric practices that cared for the highest percentage of children with overweight or obesity within a large multi-specialty group practice in eastern Massachusetts. Methods By using semistructured interviews with parents and community partners and geographic information systems (GIS), we created and validated a community resource map for use in a randomized controlled trial for childhood obesity. We conducted semistructured interviews with 11 parents and received stakeholder feedback from 5 community partners, 2 pediatricians, and 3 obesity–built environment experts to identify community resources that could support behavior change. We used GIS databases to identify the location of resources. After the resources were validated, we created an online, interactive searchable map. We evaluated parent resource empowerment at baseline and follow-up, examined if the participant families went to new locations for physical activity and food shopping, and evaluated how satisfied the families were with the information they received. Outcome Parents, community partners, and experts identified several resources to be included in the map, including farmers markets, supermarkets, parks, and fitness centers. Parents expressed the need for affordable activities. Parent resource empowerment increased by 0.25 units (95% confidence interval, 0.21–0.30) over the 1-year intervention period; 76.2% of participants were physically active at new places, 57.1% of participant families shopped at new locations; and 71.8% reported they were very satisfied with the information they received. Interpretation Parents and community partners identified several community resources that could help support behavior change. Parent resource empowerment and use of community resources increased over the intervention period, suggesting that community resource mapping should inform future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Fiechtner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, 175 Cambridge St, 5th FL, Boston, MA 02114. .,Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gabriella C Puente
- Columbia University, the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Mona Sharifi
- Section of General Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jason P Block
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Price
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jeff Blossom
- Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Monica W Gerber
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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45
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Gomez-Lopez IN, Clarke P, Hill AB, Romero DM, Goodspeed R, Berrocal VJ, Vinod Vydiswaran VG, Veinot TC. Using Social Media to Identify Sources of Healthy Food in Urban Neighborhoods. J Urban Health 2017; 94:429-436. [PMID: 28455606 PMCID: PMC5481219 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-017-0154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An established body of research has used secondary data sources (such as proprietary business databases) to demonstrate the importance of the neighborhood food environment for multiple health outcomes. However, documenting food availability using secondary sources in low-income urban neighborhoods can be particularly challenging since small businesses play a crucial role in food availability. These small businesses are typically underrepresented in national databases, which rely on secondary sources to develop data for marketing purposes. Using social media and other crowdsourced data to account for these smaller businesses holds promise, but the quality of these data remains unknown. This paper compares the quality of full-line grocery store information from Yelp, a crowdsourced content service, to a "ground truth" data set (Detroit Food Map) and a commercially-available dataset (Reference USA) for the greater Detroit area. Results suggest that Yelp is more accurate than Reference USA in identifying healthy food stores in urban areas. Researchers investigating the relationship between the nutrition environment and health may consider Yelp as a reliable and valid source for identifying sources of healthy food in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippa Clarke
- Institute for Social Research and Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA.
| | - Alex B Hill
- Detroit Food Map Initiative, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Daniel M Romero
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert Goodspeed
- Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - V G Vinod Vydiswaran
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tiffany C Veinot
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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46
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Jia P, Cheng X, Xue H, Wang Y. Applications of geographic information systems (GIS) data and methods in obesity-related research. Obes Rev 2017; 18:400-411. [PMID: 28165656 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Geographic information systems (GIS) data/methods offer good promise for public health programs including obesity-related research. This study systematically examined their applications and identified gaps and limitations in current obesity-related research. A systematic search of PubMed for studies published before 20 May 2016, utilizing synonyms for GIS in combination with synonyms for obesity as search terms, identified 121 studies that met our inclusion criteria. We found primary applications of GIS data/methods in obesity-related research included (i) visualization of spatial distribution of obesity and obesity-related phenomena, and basic obesogenic environmental features, and (ii) construction of advanced obesogenic environmental indicators. We found high spatial heterogeneity in obesity prevalence/risk and obesogenic environmental factors. Also, study design and characteristics varied considerably across studies because of lack of established guidance and protocols in the field, which may also have contributed to the mixed findings about environmental impacts on obesity. Existing findings regarding built environment are more robust than those regarding food environment. Applications of GIS data/methods in obesity research are still limited, and related research faces many challenges. More and better GIS data and more friendly analysis methods are needed to expand future GIS applications in obesity-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jia
- Department of Earth Observation Science, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - X Cheng
- Department of Geography, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - H Xue
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Fisher Institute of Health and Well-being, Systems-oriented Global Childhood Obesity Intervention Program, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Health, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
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47
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Lytle LA, Sokol RL. Measures of the food environment: A systematic review of the field, 2007-2015. Health Place 2017; 44:18-34. [PMID: 28135633 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have examined the relationship between the food environment and health-related outcomes, but fewer consider the integrity of measures used to assess the food environment. The present review builds on and makes comparisons with a previous review examining food environment measures and expands the previous review to include a more in depth examination of reliability and validity of measures and study designs employed. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies measuring the food environment published between 2007 and 2015. We identified these articles through: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Global Health databases; tables of contents of relevant journals; and the National Cancer Institute's Measures of the Food Environment website. This search yielded 11,928 citations. We retained and abstracted data from 432 studies. RESULTS The most common methodology used to study the food environment was geographic analysis (65% of articles) and the domination of this methodology has persisted since the last review. Only 25.9% of studies in this review reported the reliability of measures and 28.2% reported validity, but this was an improvement as compared to the earlier review. Very few of the studies reported construct validity. Studies reporting measures of the school or worksite environment have decreased since the previous review. Only 13.9% of the studies used a longitudinal design. CONCLUSIONS To strengthen research examining the relationship between the food environment and population health, there is a need for robust and psychometrically-sound measures and more sophisticated study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Lytle
- Department of Health Behavior, Campus Box 7440, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440, United States.
| | - Rebeccah L Sokol
- Department of Health Behavior, Campus Box 7440, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440, United States
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48
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Restorative Environments and Health. HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY AND QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31416-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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49
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Kravitz-Wirtz N. Cumulative Effects of Growing Up in Separate and Unequal Neighborhoods on Racial Disparities in Self-rated Health in Early Adulthood. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2016; 57:453-470. [PMID: 27799591 PMCID: PMC5463536 DOI: 10.1177/0022146516671568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that living in a socioeconomically deprived neighborhood is associated with worse health. Yet most research relies on cross-sectional data, which implicitly ignore variation in longer-term exposure that may be more consequential for health. Using data from the 1970 to 2011 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics merged with census data on respondents' neighborhoods (N = 1,757), this study estimates a marginal structural model with inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights to examine: (1) whether cumulative exposure to neighborhood disadvantage from birth through age 17 affects self-rated health in early adulthood, and (2) the extent to which variation in such exposure helps to explain racial disparities therein. Findings reveal that prolonged exposure to neighborhood disadvantage throughout childhood and adolescence is strikingly more common among nonwhite versus white respondents and is associated with significantly greater odds of experiencing an incidence of fair or poor health in early adulthood.
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50
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The role of neighborhood characteristics and the built environment in understanding racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity. Prev Med 2016; 91:103-109. [PMID: 27404577 PMCID: PMC5270384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity prevalence remains high and racial/ethnic disparities may be widening. Studies have examined the role of health behavioral differences. Less is known regarding neighborhood and built environment mediators of disparities. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which racial/ethnic disparities in elevated child body mass index (BMI) are explained by neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and built environment. METHODS We collected and analyzed race/ethnicity, BMI, and geocoded address from electronic health records of 44,810 children 4 to 18years-old seen at 14 Massachusetts pediatric practices in 2011-2012. Main outcomes were BMI z-score and BMI z-score change over time. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between race/ethnicity and BMI z-score outcomes, sequentially adjusting for neighborhood SES and the food and physical activity environment. RESULTS Among 44,810 children, 13.3% were black, 5.7% Hispanic, and 65.2% white. Compared to white children, BMI z-scores were higher among black (0.43units [95% CI: 0.40-0.45]) and Hispanic (0.38 [0.34-0.42]) children; black (0.06 [0.04-0.08]), but not Hispanic, children also had greater increases in BMI z-score over time. Adjusting for neighborhood SES substantially attenuated BMI z-score differences among black (0.30 [0.27-0.34]) and Hispanic children (0.28 [0.23-0.32]), while adjustment for food and physical activity environments attenuated the differences but to a lesser extent than neighborhood SES. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood SES and the built environment may be important drivers of childhood obesity disparities. To accelerate progress in reducing obesity disparities, interventions must be tailored to the neighborhood contexts in which families live.
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