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Yang S, Ji Y, Xue P, Li Z, Chen X, Shi J, Jiang C. Insights into the antifungal mechanism of Bacillus subtilis cyclic lipopeptide iturin A mediated by potassium ion channel. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134306. [PMID: 39094860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections pose severe and potentially lethal threats to plant, animal, and human health. Ergosterol has served as the primary target for developing antifungal medications. However, many antifungal drugs remain highly toxic to humans due to similarity in cell membrane composition between fungal and animal cells. Iturin A, lipopeptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, efficiently inhibit various fungi, but demonstrated safety in oral administration, indicating the existence of targets different from ergosterol. To pinpoint the exact antifungal target of iturin A, we used homologous recombination to knock out and overexpress erg3, a key gene in ergosterol synthesis. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus carbonarius were transformed using the LiAc/SS-DNNPEG and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (AMT), respectively. Surprisingly, increasing ergosterol content did not augment antifungal activity. Furthermore, iturin A's antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae was reduced while it pre-incubation with voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel inhibitor, indicating that Kv activation was responsible for cell death. Iturin A was found to activate the Kv protein, stimulating K+ efflux from cell. In vitro tests confirmed interaction between iturin A and Kv protein. This study highlights Kv as one of the precise targets of iturin A in its antifungal activity, offering a novel target for the development of antifungal medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixue Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Yulan Ji
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Pengyuan Xue
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Zhenzhu Li
- Center for Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Xianqing Chen
- Jiaxing Synbiolab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
| | - Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
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2
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Wang Z, Liu C, Shi Y, Huang M, Song Z, Simal-Gandara J, Li N, Shi J. Classification, application, multifarious activities and production improvement of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7451-7464. [PMID: 36876514 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2185588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipopeptides, a class of compounds consisting of a peptide ring and a fatty acid chain, are secondary metabolites produced by Bacillus spp. As their hydrophilic and oleophilic properties, lipopeptides are widely used in food, medicine, environment and other industrial or agricultural fields. Compared with artificial synthetic surfactants, microbial lipopeptides have the advantages of low toxicity, high efficiency and versatility, resulting in urgent market demand and broad development prospect of lipopeptides. However, due to the complex metabolic network and precursor requirements of synthesis, the specific and strict synthesis pathway, and the coexistence of multiple homologous substances, the production of lipopeptides by microorganisms has the problems of high cost and low production efficiency, limiting the mass production of lipopeptides and large-scale application in industry. This review summarizes the types of Bacillus-produced lipopeptides and their biosynthetic pathways, introduces the versatility of lipopeptides, and describes the methods to improve the production of lipopeptides, including genetic engineering and optimization of fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Mingming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zunyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ningyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jingying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Mu F, Chen X, Fu Z, Wang X, Guo J, Zhao X, Zhang B. Genome and Transcriptome Analysis to Elucidate the Biocontrol Mechanism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens XJ5 against Alternaria solani. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2055. [PMID: 37630615 PMCID: PMC10459136 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Early blight, caused by Alternaria solani, is an important disease affecting tomatoes. Biological control offers an environmentally friendly approach to controlling pathogens. Herein, we identified a B. amyloliquefaciens strain XJ5 and investigated its biocontrol mechanism against A. solani. A. solani growth was significantly inhibited by XJ5, with the inhibition rate of cell-free culture supernatants reaching 82.3%. Furthermore, XJ5 crude protein extracts inhibited conidia germination and altered the mycelial morphology of A. solani. To uncover the potential biocontrol mechanism of XJ5, we analyzed its genome sequence and transcriptome. The genome of XJ5 comprised a 4.16 Mb circular chromosome and two circular plasmids. A total of 13 biosynthetic gene clusters and 127 genes encoding hydrolases were identified, suggestive of the ability of XJ5 to secrete antagonistic secondary metabolites and hydrolases. Transcript analysis revealed 174 differentially expressed genes on exposing A. solani to XJ5 crude protein extracts. The expression of genes related to chitin and mannose synthesis was downregulated, indicating that XJ5 metabolites may impact chitin and mannose synthesis in A. solani. Overall, these findings enhance our understanding of the interactions between B. amyloliquefaciens and phytopathogens and pave the way for the agricultural application of this promising biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Baojun Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (F.M.); (Z.F.)
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4
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Yuan S, Wu Y, Jin J, Tong S, Zhang L, Cai Y. Biocontrol Capabilities of Bacillus subtilis E11 against Aspergillus flavus In Vitro and for Dried Red Chili ( Capsicum annuum L.). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050308. [PMID: 37235343 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a condiment with extensive nutritional value, chili is easy to be contaminated by Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) during field, transportation, and storage. This study aimed to solve the contamination of dried red chili caused by A. flavus by inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and detoxifying aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In this study, Bacillus subtilis E11 (B. subtilis) screened from 63 candidate antagonistic bacteria exhibited the strongest antifungal ability, which could not only inhibit 64.27% of A. flavus but could also remove 81.34% of AFB1 at 24 h. Notably, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that B. subtilis E11 cells could resist a higher concentration of AFB1, and the fermentation supernatant of B. subtilis E11 could deform the mycelia of A. flavus. After 10 days of coculture with B. subtilis E11 on dried red chili inoculated with A. flavus, the mycelia of A. flavus were almost completely inhibited, and the yield of AFB1 was significantly reduced. Our study first concentrated on the use of B. subtilis as a biocontrol agent for dried red chili, which could not only enrich the resources of microbial strains for controlling A. flavus but also could provide theoretical guidance to prolong the shelf life of dried red chili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shuoqiu Tong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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5
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Kumar V, Bahuguna A, Lee JS, Sood A, Han SS, Chun HS, Kim M. Degradation mechanism of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin G1 by salt tolerant Bacillus albus YUN5 isolated from 'doenjang', a traditional Korean food. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112479. [PMID: 36869492 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are the mycotoxins that contaminate food and feed and pose health hazards to humans and animals. Here, Bacillus albusYUN5 was isolated from doenjang (Korean fermented soybean paste) and examined for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) degradation capabilities. The highest degradation of AFB1 (76.28 ± 0.15%) and AFG1 (98.98 ± 0.00%) was observed in the cell-free supernatant (CFS) ofB. albusYUN5, whereas negligible degradation was observed in intracellular fraction, viable cells, and cell debris. Furthermore, heat (100 °C) and proteinase K treated CFS possessed AFB1 and AFG1 degradation ability, suggesting that substances other than proteins or enzymes are responsible for the degradation. Optimal degradation of AFB1 and AFG1 by the CFS was achieved at 55 °C and 45 °C, respectively, and at pH 7-10 and salt concentration of 0-20%. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of the degraded products revealed that either the difuran or lactone ring of AFB1 and lactone ring of AFG1 is the main target site by CFS of B. albus YUN5. A slightly better reduction of AFB1 and AFG1 was observed in doenjang treated with CFS and viable cells of B. albus YUN5 compared to those without CFS and B. albus YUN5 treated doenjang during one year of fermentation, suggesting the applicability of B. albus in real food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashutosh Bahuguna
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Division of Food Science and Nutrition and Cooking, Taegu Science University, Daegu 41453, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ankur Sood
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyang Sook Chun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Volatiles from Pseudomonas palleroniana Strain B-BH16-1 Suppress Aflatoxin Production and Growth of Aspergillus flavus on Coix lacryma-jobi during Storage. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15010077. [PMID: 36668896 PMCID: PMC9861347 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Semen coicis is not only a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but also a typical food in China, with significant medical and healthcare value. Because semen coicis is rich in starch and oil, it can be easily contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and its aflatoxins (AFs). Preventing and controlling the contamination of semen coicis with Aspergillus flavus and its aflatoxins is vital to ensuring its safety as a drug and as a food. In this study, the endosphere bacteria Pseudomonas palleroniana strain B-BH16-1 produced volatiles that strongly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore formation activity of A. flavus. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry profiling revealed three volatiles emitted from B-BH16-1, of which 1-undecene was the most abundant. We obtained authentic reference standards for these three volatiles; these significantly reduced mycelial growth and sporulation in Aspergillus, with dimethyl disulfide showing the most robust inhibitory activity. Strain B-BH16-1 was able to completely inhibit the biosynthesis of aflatoxins in semen coicis samples during storage by emitting volatile bioactive components. The microscope revealed severely damaged mycelia and a complete lack of sporulation. This newly identified plant endophyte bacterium was able to strongly inhibit the sporulation and growth of Aspergillus and the synthesis of associated mycotoxins, thus not only providing valuable information regarding an efficient potential strategy for the prevention of A. flavus contamination in TCM and food, but potentially also serving as a reference in the control of toxic fungi.
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7
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Xue G, Qu Y, Wu D, Huang S, Che Y, Yu J, Song P. Biodegradation of Aflatoxin B 1 in the Baijiu Brewing Process by Bacillus cereus. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:65. [PMID: 36668884 PMCID: PMC9860622 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a potent mycotoxin and a common source of grain contamination that leads to great economic losses and health problems. Although distilled baijiu cannot be contaminated by aflatoxin, its presence in the brewing process affects the physiological activities of micro-organisms and reduces product quality. Bacillus cereus XSWW9 capable of degrading aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was isolated from daqu using coumarin as the sole carbon source. XSWW9 degraded 86.7% of 1 mg/L AFB1 after incubation at 37 °C for 72 h and tolerated up to 1 mg/L AFB1 with no inhibitory effects. Enzymes in the cell-free supernatant of XSSW9 played a significant role in AFB1 degradation. The AFB1-degradation activity was sensitive to protease K and SDS treatment, which indicated that extracellular proteins were responsible for the degradation of AFB1. In order to investigate the AFB1-degradation ability of XSSW9 during the baijiu brewing process, AFB1 and XSWW9 were added to grain fermentation (FG-T) and normal grain fermentation without AFB1, while normal grain fermentation without AFB1 and XSWW9 was used as a control (FG-C). At the end of the fermentation, 99% AFB1 was degraded in the residue of fermented grains. The differences of microbial communities in the fermented grains showed that there were no significant differences between FG-T and FG-C in the relative abundance of dominant genera. The analysis of volatile compounds of their distillation showed that the contents of skeleton flavor components was similar between FG-T and FG-C. These results offer a basis for the development of effective strategies to reduce the effect of AFB1 on the brewing process and ensure that the production of baijiu is stable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Yu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Song
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
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Lu H, Yang P, Zhong M, Bilal M, Xu H, Zhang Q, Xu J, Liang N, Liu S, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Geng C. Isolation of a potential probiotic strain
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
LPB
‐18 and identification of antimicrobial compounds responsible for inhibition of food‐borne pathogens. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 11:2186-2196. [PMID: 37181301 PMCID: PMC10171509 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to screen a potential probiotic microbe with broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against food-borne pathogens and identify the antimicrobial compounds. Based on morphological and molecular analysis, a new Bacillus strain with the ability to produce effective antimicrobial agents was isolated from the breeding soil of earthworms and identified as having a close evolutionary footprint to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The antimicrobial substances produced by B. amyloliquefaciens show effective inhibition of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum in an agar diffusion assay. Antimicrobial agents were identified as a series of fengycin and its isoforms (fengycin A and fengycin B) after being submitted to RT-HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. To evaluate the probiotic activity of the B. amyloliquefaciens, antibiotic safety and viability of the isolated strain in a simulated gastrointestinal environment were carried out. The safety test result revealed that strain LPB-18 is susceptible to multiple common antibiotics. Moreover, acidic condition and bile salts assay were carried out, and the results revealed that it couble be a potential probiotic microbe B. amyloliquefaciens LPB-18 is good choice for biological strains in agricultural commodities and animal feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedong Lu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Panping Yang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Mengyuan Zhong
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Qihan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Jiangnan Xu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Naiguo Liang
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Yuping Zhao
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
| | - Chengxin Geng
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian China
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Wu Q, Li H, Wang S, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Jin T, Hu X, Zeng G. Differential Expression of Genes Related to Growth and Aflatoxin Synthesis in Aspergillus flavus When Inhibited by Bacillus velezensis Strain B2. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223620. [PMID: 36429212 PMCID: PMC9689179 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a saprophytic soil fungus that infects and contaminates seed crops with the highly carcinogenic aflatoxin, which brings health hazards to animals and humans. In this study, bacterial strains B1 and B2 isolated from the rhizosphere soil of camellia sinensis had significant antagonistic activities against A. flavus. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16SrDNA gene sequence, bacterial strains B1 and B2 were identified as Bacillus tequilensis and Bacillus velezensis, respectively. In addition, the transcriptome analysis showed that some genes related to A. flavus growth and aflatoxin synthesis were differential expressed and 16 genes in the aflatoxin synthesis gene cluster showed down-regulation trends when inhibited by Bacillus velezensis strain B2. We guessed that the Bacillus velezensis strain B2 may secrete some secondary metabolites, which regulate the related gene transcription of A. flavus to inhibit growth and aflatoxin production. In summary, this work provided the foundation for the more effective biocontrol of A. flavus infection and aflatoxin contamination by the determination of differential expression of genes related to growth and aflatoxin synthesis in A. flavus when inhibited by B. velezensis strain B2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guohong Zeng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-86843195; Fax: +86-571-86843196
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10
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The Inhibitory Effect of Pseudomonas stutzeri YM6 on Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxins Production by the Production of Volatile Dimethyl Trisulfide. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110788. [PMID: 36422962 PMCID: PMC9698575 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus and the produced aflatoxins cause great hazards to food security and human health across all countries. The control of A. flavus and aflatoxins in grains during storage is of great significance to humans. In the current study, bacteria strain YM6 isolated from sea sediment was demonstrated effective in controlling A. flavus by the production of anti-fungal volatiles. According to morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain YM6 was identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri. YM6 can produce abundant volatile compounds which could inhibit mycelial growth and conidial germination of A. flavus. Moreover, it greatly prevented fungal infection and aflatoxin production on maize and peanuts during storage. The inhibition rate was 100%. Scanning electron microscopy further supported that the volatiles could destroy the cell structure of A. flavus and prevent conidia germination on the grain surface. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry revealed that dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) with a relative abundance of 13% is the most abundant fraction in the volatiles from strain YM6. The minimal inhibitory concentration of DMTS to A. flavus conidia is 200 µL/L (compound volume/airspace volume). Thus, we concluded that Pseudomonas stutzeri YM6 and the produced DMTS showed great inhibition to A. flavus, which could be considered as effective biocontrol agents in further application.
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11
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Dmitrović S, Pajčin I, Vlajkov V, Grahovac M, Jokić A, Grahovac J. Dairy and Wine Industry Effluents as Alternative Media for the Production of Bacillus-Based Biocontrol Agents. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:663. [PMID: 36354577 PMCID: PMC9687624 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Food industry effluents represent one of the major concerns when it comes to environmental impact; hence, their valorization through different chemical and biological routes has been suggested as a possible solution. The vast amount of organic and inorganic nutrients present in food industry effluents makes them suitable substrates for microbial growth. This study suggests two valorization routes for whey as dairy industry effluent and flotation wastewater from the wine industry through microbial conversion to biocontrol agents as value-added products. Cultivations of the biocontrol strain Bacillus sp. BioSol021 were performed in a 16 L bioreactor to monitor the bioprocess course and investigate bioprocess kinetics in terms of microbial growth, sugar substrate consumption and surfactin synthesis, as an antimicrobial lipopeptide. The produced biocontrol agents showed high levels of biocontrol activity against mycotoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, followed by a significant reduction of sugar load of the investigated effluents by the producing microorganisms. With proven high potential of whey and winery flotation wastewater to be used as substrates for microbial growth, this study provides grounds for further optimization of the suggested valorization routes, mostly in terms of bioprocess conditions to achieve maximal techno-economical feasibility, energy saving and maximal reduction of effluents' organic and inorganic burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selena Dmitrović
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Pajčin
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vanja Vlajkov
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mila Grahovac
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Jokić
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Grahovac
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
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12
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Assessment of Lipopeptide Mixtures Produced by Bacillus subtilis as Biocontrol Products against Apple Scab ( Venturia inaequalis). Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091810. [PMID: 36144412 PMCID: PMC9501572 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple scab is an important disease conventionally controlled by chemical fungicides, which should be replaced by more environmentally friendly alternatives. One of these alternatives could be the use of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus subtilis. The objective of this work is to study the action of the three families of lipopeptides and different mixtures of them in vitro and in vivo against Venturia inaequalis. Firstly, the antifungal activity of mycosubtilin/surfactin and fengycin/surfactin mixtures was determined in vitro by measuring the median inhibitory concentration. Then, the best lipopeptide mixture ratio was produced using Design of Experiment (DoE) to optimize the composition of the culture medium. Finally, the lipopeptides mixtures efficiency against V. inaequalis was assessed in orchards as well as the evaluation of the persistence of lipopeptides on apple. In vitro tests show that the use of fengycin or mycosubtilin alone is as effective as a mixture, with the 50–50% fengycin/surfactin mixture being the most effective. Optimization of culture medium for the production of fengycin/surfactin mixture shows that the best composition is glycerol coupled with glutamic acid. Finally, lipopeptides showed in vivo antifungal efficiency against V. inaequalis regardless of the mixture used with a 70% reduction in the incidence of scab for both mixtures (fengycin/surfactin or mycosubtilin/surfactin). The reproducibility of the results over the two trial campaigns was significantly better with the mycosubtilin/surfactin mixture. The use of B. subtilis lipopeptides to control this disease is very promising.
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Wang S, Wang R, Zhao X, Ma G, Liu N, Zheng Y, Tan J, Qi G. Systemically engineering Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for increasing its antifungal activity and green antifungal lipopeptides production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:961535. [PMID: 36159666 PMCID: PMC9490133 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.961535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of antifungal lipopeptides iturin and fengycin has attracted broad interest; however, there is a bottleneck in its low yield in wild strains. Because the key metabolic mechanisms in the lipopeptides synthesis pathway remain unclear, genetic engineering approaches are all ending up with a single or a few gene modifications. The aim of this study is to develop a systematic engineering approach to improve the antifungal activity and biosynthesis of iturin and fengycin in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. First, blocking the carbon overflow metabolic pathway to increase precursor supply of the branched-chain amino acids by knockout of bdh, disrupting sporulation to extend the stage for producing antifungal lipopeptides by deletion of kinA, blocking of siderophore synthesis to enhance the availability of amino acids and fatty acids by deletion of dhbF, and increasing Spo0A∼P by deletion of rapA, could improve the antifungal activity by 24%, 10%, 13% and 18%, respectively. Second, the double knockout strain ΔbdhΔkinA, triple knockout strain ΔbdhΔkinAΔdhbF and quadruple knockout strain ΔkinAΔbdhΔdhbFΔrapA could improve the antifungal activity by 38%, 44% and 53%, respectively. Finally, overexpression of sfp in ΔkinAΔbdhΔdhbFΔrapA further increased the antifungal activity by 65%. After purifying iturin and fengycin as standards for quantitative analysis of lipopeptides, we found the iturin titer was 17.0 mg/L in the final engineered strain, which was 3.2-fold of the original strain. After fermentation optimization, the titer of iturin and fengycin reached 31.1 mg/L and 175.3 mg/L in flask, and 123.5 mg/L and 1200.8 mg/L in bioreactor. Compared to the original strain, the iturin and fengycin titer in bioreactor increased by 22.8-fold and 15.9-fold in the final engineered strain, respectively. This study may pave the way for the commercial production of green antifungal lipopeptides, and is also favorable for understanding the regulatory and biosynthetic mechanism of iturin and fengycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susheng Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Enshi Tobacco Technology Center, Enshi City, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuyun Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaoqiang Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqing Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Enshi Tobacco Technology Center, Enshi City, Hubei, China
| | - Gaofu Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Gaofu Qi,
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Yan Y, Zhang X, Chen H, Huang W, Jiang H, Wang C, Xiao Z, Zhang Y, Xu J. Isolation and Aflatoxin B1-Degradation Characteristics of a Microbacterium proteolyticum B204 Strain from Bovine Faeces. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080525. [PMID: 36006187 PMCID: PMC9415550 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most harmful mycotoxins, raising serious global health and economic problems. Searching for biological approaches for effective and safe AFB1 degradation is imminent. In our study, Microbacterium proteolyticum B204 isolated from bovine faeces degraded 77% of AFB1 after 24 h, becoming the first reported bacteria from the Microbacterium family to possess AFB1 degradation characteristics. Temperature variation showed little effect on its degradation ratio, demonstrating high thermostability of 75% and 79% after boiling and sterilization, respectively. We suppose that the components playing a key role during this process were proteins, considering the decreased degradation rate caused by Proteinase K. Cell viability detection on HepG2 cells indicated that the degradation products were much less toxic than pure AFB1. Furthermore, B204 cell-free culture supernatant also degraded AFB1-contaminated food, such as peanuts, corn and cheese. These results suggested that this strain with AFB1 degradation properties could be a prospective candidate for application in the food and feed industries.
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Dini A, Esmaeili Nadimi A, Behmaram K. The Effect of Monitoring System on Risk Assessment of Aflatoxins in Iran's Pistachio Nuts Exported to the E.U. During 2012 - 2018. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH 2022; 21:e123951. [PMID: 35765509 PMCID: PMC9191219 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr.123951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pistachio has high nutritional value and popularity. The susceptibility of pistachio to aflatoxin contamination caused establishing a monitoring system introduced and implemented by the Ministry of Health in Iran to ensure consumers' access to safe and hygienic pistachios. In this research, aflatoxin contamination level in all consignments (7298) exporting to E.U. was examined using HPLC with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean up from Nov 2012 to Oct 2018. The average recoveries ranged 78.6% - 97.6%, with a relative standard deviation for reproducibility below 8.5% and expanded uncertainty of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at spiked levels 1, 4, and 8 ng/g were 0.17, 0.57, 0.89 ng/g, respectively. The results showed that aflatoxin B1 and total (AFT) were detected in 1921 (23.4%) and 1927 cases (23.5%), with the mean values ranging from 2.18 - 4.6 ng/g and 2.8 - 5.1 ng/g during six consecutive years, respectively. Implementing an effective monitoring system for pistachio nuts could determine consignments contaminated with aflatoxins. Concerning AFB1, risk assessments recorded for dietary exposure dose, margin of exposure (MOE), Hazard Index (HI), estimated liver cancer risk, and cancer incidence attributable to dietary ranged 0.0132 - 0.1180 ng/kg.bw/day, 1441 - 12843, 0.21 - 1.84, 0.00071 - 0.00633 cases/105 population/year, 0.02 - 0.2%, respectively. Identification and rejection of contaminated cargos lead to an increase in MOE (> 10000), and it also guarantees that pistachio consumption is safe from a toxicology point of view. Due to the monitoring system, the estimation of liver cancer incidence attributable to dietary AFB1 was reduced (≤ 0.02%). It indicates that the consumption of pistachio poses no health risk for Europeans and Iranians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dini
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Ali Esmaeili Nadimi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Khosro Behmaram
- Pistachio Safety Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Styczynski M, Biegniewski G, Decewicz P, Rewerski B, Debiec-Andrzejewska K, Dziewit L. Application of Psychrotolerant Antarctic Bacteria and Their Metabolites as Efficient Plant Growth Promoting Agents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:772891. [PMID: 35284420 PMCID: PMC8907978 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.772891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is the fourth most abundant element on earth. However, its low bioavailability is a key plant-growth limiting factor. Bacteria play an important role in plant growth promotion since they produce specific secondary metabolites that may increase macro- and micronutrient accessibility in soil. Therefore, bacterial-derived iron chelators, as well as surface-active compounds, are recognised as essential to plant welfare. In this study, three cold-active Antarctic bacterial strains, i.e. Pseudomonas sp. ANT_H12B, Psychrobacter sp. ANT_H59 and Bacillus sp. ANT_WA51, were analysed. The physiological and genomic characterisation of these strains revealed their potential for plant growth promotion, reflected in the production of various biomolecules, including biosurfactants (that may lower the medium surface tension of even up to 53%) and siderophores (including ANT_H12B-produced mixed-type siderophore that demonstrated the highest production, reaching the concentration of up to 1.065 mM), increasing the availability of nutrients in the environment and neutralising fungal pathogens. Tested bacteria demonstrated an ability to promote the growth of a model plant, alfalfa, increasing shoots’ length and fresh biomass even up to 26 and 46% respectively; while their metabolites increased the bioavailability of iron in soil up to 40%. It was also revealed that the introduced strains did not disrupt physicochemical conditions and indigenous soil microbial composition, which suggests that they are promising amendments preserving the natural biodiversity of soil and increasing its fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Styczynski
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriel Biegniewski
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Decewicz
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartosz Rewerski
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Geomicrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Debiec-Andrzejewska
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Dziewit
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Lukasz Dziewit,
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Screening of Bacillus velezensis E2 and the Inhibitory Effect of Its Antifungal Substances on Aspergillus flavus. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020140. [PMID: 35053872 PMCID: PMC8774516 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergilus flavus is the main pathogenic fungus that causes food mold. Effective control of A. flavus contamination is essential to ensure food safety. The lipopeptides (LPs) produced by Bacillus strains have been shown to have an obvious antifungal effect on molds. In this study, an antagonist strain of Bacillus velezensis with obvious antifungal activity against A. flavus was isolated from the surface of healthy rice. Using HPLC-MS analysis, the main components of LPs produced by strain E2 were identified as fengycin and iturins. Further investigations showed that LPs could inhibit the spore germination, and even cause abnormal expansion of hyphae and cell rupture. Transcriptomic analyses showed that some genes, involved in ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes (NOG1, KRE33) and aflatoxin biosynthesis (aflK, aflR, veA, omtA) pathways in A. flavus were significantly down-regulated by LPs. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the cellular and molecular antifungal mechanisms of LPs against grain A. flavus contamination.
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Tan W, Yin Y, Wen J. Increasing fengycin production by strengthening the fatty acid synthesis pathway and optimizing fermentation conditions. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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19
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Antifungal Peptides and Proteins to Control Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413261. [PMID: 34948059 PMCID: PMC8703302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global challenge to prevent fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination on food and feed requires the development of new antifungal strategies. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) with antifungal activity are gaining much interest as natural antifungal compounds due to their properties such as structure diversity and function, antifungal spectrum, mechanism of action, high stability and the availability of biotechnological production methods. Given their multistep mode of action, the development of fungal resistance to AMPs is presumed to be slow or delayed compared to conventional fungicides. Interestingly, AMPs also accomplish important biological functions other than antifungal activity, including anti-mycotoxin biosynthesis activity, which opens novel aspects for their future use in agriculture and food industry to fight mycotoxin contamination. AMPs can reach intracellular targets and exert their activity by mechanisms other than membrane permeabilization. The mechanisms through which AMPs affect mycotoxin production are varied and complex, ranging from oxidative stress to specific inhibition of enzymatic components of mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways. This review presents natural and synthetic antifungal AMPs from different origins which are effective against mycotoxin-producing fungi, and aims at summarizing current knowledge concerning their additional effects on mycotoxin biosynthesis. Antifungal AMPs properties and mechanisms of action are also discussed.
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Chen X, Ishfaq M, Wang J. Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation on the growth performance, liver function, meat quality, immune responses and Salmonella Pullorum infection resistance of broilers challenged with Aflatoxin B1. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101651. [PMID: 34999537 PMCID: PMC8753273 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins. It has been reported that dietary exposure to AFB1 is related to the low growth performance, immunosuppression, and high susceptibility to infectious diseases of chickens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus salivarius on broiler chickens challenged with AFB1. First, AFB1 degradation ability of Lactobacillus salivarius was measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Then, the Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly assigned to experimental groups. The effects of Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation on the growth performance, liver function, and meat quality were measured, and immune response was also determined after vaccination with attenuated infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine of broilers challenged with AFB1. Besides, resistance to Salmonella Pullorum infection along with AFB1 exposure was determined in broilers. The results showed that Lactobacillus salivarius could effectively degrade AFB1. Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation improved growth performance, liver function, and meat quality of broilers challenged with AFB1. In addition, Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation resulted in enhanced specific antibody and IFN-γ production, and lymphocyte proliferation in broilers challenged with AFB1 after IBDV vaccine immunization. Furthermore, Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation enhanced Salmonella Pullorum infection resistance in broilers challenged with AFB1. Our results revealed a tremendous potential of Lactobacillus salivarius as feed additive to degrading AFB1 and increasing broilers production performance in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China.
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21
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Gao S, Zhang L, Zhu D, Huang J, Yang J, Jiang J, Wu H, Lv G. Effects of glucose oxidase and bacillus subtilis on growth performance and serum biochemical indicexs of broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1 and endotoxin. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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22
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Ratanaprom S, Nakkanong K, Nualsri C, Jiwanit P, Rongsawat T, Woraathakorn N. Overcoming Encouragement of Dragon Fruit Plant (Hylocereus undatus) against Stem Brown Spot Disease Caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum Using Bacillus subtilis Combined with Sodium Bicarbonate. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 37:205-214. [PMID: 34111911 PMCID: PMC8200576 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.01.2021.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of the supernatant from a Bacillus subtilis culture mixed with sodium bicarbonate was explored as a means of controlling stem brown spot disease in dragon fruit plants. In in vitro experiments, the B. subtilis supernatant used with sodium bicarbonate showed a strong inhibition effect on the growth of the fungus, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, the agent causing stem brown spot disease and was notably effective in preventing fungal invasion of dragon fruit plant. This combination not only directly suppressed the growth of N. dimidiatum, but also indirectly affected the development of the disease by eliciting the dragon-fruit plant's defense response. Substantial levels of the pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinase and glucanase, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway enzymes, peroxidase and phenyl alanine ammonia-lyase, were triggered. Significant lignin deposition was also detected in treated cladodes of injured dragon fruit plants in in vivo experiments. In summary, B. subtilis supernatant combined with sodium bicarbonate protected dragon fruit plant loss through stem brown spot disease during plant development in the field through pathogenic fungal inhibition and the induction of defense response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanan Ratanaprom
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Korakot Nakkanong
- Agriculture Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand
| | - Charassri Nualsri
- Agriculture Innovation and Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand
| | - Palakrit Jiwanit
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
| | - Thanyakorn Rongsawat
- Tropical Fruit and Plantation Crops Research Center, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand
| | - Natthakorn Woraathakorn
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, Thailand
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A Complete Genome Sequence of the Wood Stem Endophyte Bacillus velezensis BY6 Strain Possessing Plant Growth-Promoting and Antifungal Activities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3904120. [PMID: 33604372 PMCID: PMC7869414 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3904120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An endophytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis BY6 was isolated from the wood stems of healthy Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis (PdPap). The BY6 strain can inhibit pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternate in PdPap and promote growth of PdPap seedlings. In the present study, we used the Pacific Biosciences long-read sequencing platform, a single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology for strain BY6, to perform complete genome sequencing. The genome size was 3,898,273 bp, the number of genes was 4,045, and the average GC content was 47.33%. A complete genome of strain BY6 contained 110 secondary metabolite gene clusters. Nine of the secondary metabolite gene clusters exhibited antifungal activity and promoted growth functions primarily involved in the synthesis of surfactin, bacteriocins, accumulated iron ions, and related antibiotics. Gene clusters provide genetic resources for biotechnology and genetic engineering, and enhance understanding of the relationship between microorganisms and plants.
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Guan Y, Chen J, Nepovimova E, Long M, Wu W, Kuca K. Aflatoxin Detoxification Using Microorganisms and Enzymes. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010046. [PMID: 33435382 PMCID: PMC7827145 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination causes significant economic loss to food and feed industries and seriously threatens human health. Aflatoxins (AFs) are one of the most harmful mycotoxins, which are produced by Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and other fungi that are commonly found in the production and preservation of grain and feed. AFs can cause harm to animal and human health due to their toxic (carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic) effects. How to remove AF has become a major problem: biological methods cause no contamination, have high specificity, and work at high temperature, affording environmental protection. In the present research, microorganisms with detoxification effects researched in recent years are reviewed, the detoxification mechanism of microbes on AFs, the safety of degrading enzymes and reaction products formed in the degradation process, and the application of microorganisms as detoxification strategies for AFs were investigated. One of the main aims of the work is to provide a reliable reference strategy for biological detoxification of AFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.G.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (W.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Wenda Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (W.W.); (K.K.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (W.W.); (K.K.)
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Wang Y, Liang J, Zhang C, Wang L, Gao W, Jiang J. Bacillus megaterium WL-3 Lipopeptides Collaborate Against Phytophthora infestans to Control Potato Late Blight and Promote Potato Plant Growth. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1602. [PMID: 32733429 PMCID: PMC7363778 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oomycete Phytophthora infestans [(Mont.) de Bary] is the cause of potato late blight, a plant disease which poses a serious threat to our global food security and is responsible for huge economic losses worldwide. Lipopeptides produced by Bacillus species are known to be potent antibacterial compounds against many plant pathogens. In this study, we show that Bacillus megaterium WL-3 has an antagonistic effect against potato late blight. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) revealed that lipopeptides derived from the WL-3 strain contained three subfamilies, surfactin (C13 - C15), Iturin A (C14 - C16), and Fengycin A (C15 - C19). The Iturin A and Fengycin A lipopeptide families were each confirmed to have anti-oomycete effects against P. infestans mycelium growth as well as obvious controlling effects against potato late blight in greenhouse experiments and field assays. Furthermore, Iturin A and Fengycin A were able to promote plant photosynthetic efficiency, plant growth, and potato yield. Most importantly, the combination of Iturin A and Fengycin A (I + F) was superior to individual lipopeptides in controlling potato late blight and in the promotion of plant growth. The results of this study indicate that B. megaterium WL-3 and its lipopeptides are potential candidates for the control of late blight and the promotion of potato plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiao Liang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Congying Zhang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Le Wang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenbin Gao
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jizhi Jiang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Jiang C, Li Z, Shi Y, Guo D, Pang B, Chen X, Shao D, Liu Y, Shi J. Bacillus subtilis inhibits Aspergillus carbonarius by producing iturin A, which disturbs the transport, energy metabolism, and osmotic pressure of fungal cells as revealed by transcriptomics analysis. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 330:108783. [PMID: 32659523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The contamination of Aspergillus carbonarius causes decreases and great decay of agricultural products, and threatens the human and animal health by producing mycotoxins, especially ochratoxin A. Bacillus subtilis has been proved to efficiently inhibit the growth of A. carbonarius. Revealing the major active compound and the mechanisms for the antifungal of B. subtilis are essential to enhance its antifungal activity and control the quality of antifungal products made of it. In this study, we determined that iturin A is the major compound that inhibits Aspergillus carbonarius, a widespread fungal pathogen of grape and other fruits. Iturin A significantly inhibited growth and ochratoxin A production of A. carbonarius with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 10 μg/mL and 0.312 μg/mL, respectively. Morphological observations revealed that iturin A caused swelling of the fungal cells and thinning of the cell wall and membrane at 1/2 MIC, whereas it inhibited fungal spore germination and caused mitochondrial swelling at higher concentrations. A differential transcriptomic analysis indicated that the mechanisms used by iturin A to inhibit A. carbonarius were to downregulate the expression of genes related to cell membrane, transport, osmotic pressure, oxidation-reduction processes, and energy metabolism. Among the down-regulated genes, those related to the transport capacity were most significantly influenced, including the increase of energy-related transport pathways and decrease of other pathways. Notably, the genes related to taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were also decreased, indicating iturin A potentially cause the occurrence of osmotic imbalance in A. carbonarius, which may be the intrinsic cause for the swelling of fungal cells and mitochondria. Overall, iturin A produced by B. subtilis played important roles to inhibit A. carbonarius via changing the fungal cell structure and causing perturbations to energy, transport and osmotic pressure metabolisms in fungi. The results indicated a new direction for researches on the mechanisms for lipopeptides and provided useful information to develop more efficient antifungal agents, which are important to agriculture and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Zhenzhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Yihong Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Bin Pang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Xianqing Chen
- Jiaxing Synbiolab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province 314006, China
| | - Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, 23 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Space Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710072, China.
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Monda E, Masanga J, Alakonya A. Variation in Occurrence and Aflatoxigenicity of Aspergillus flavus from Two Climatically Varied Regions in Kenya. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12010034. [PMID: 31935922 PMCID: PMC7020432 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins are carcinogenic chemical metabolites produced by Aspergillus spp. of the section Flavi. In Kenya, Aspergillus flavus is the most prevalent and has been associated with several acute and chronic aflatoxin outbreaks in the past. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of A. flavus in soils from two agro-ecological regions with contrasting climatic conditions, aflatoxin contamination histories and cropping systems. Aspergillus spp. were first isolated from soils before the identification and determination of their aflatoxigenicity. Further, we determined the occurrence of Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. in soils from the two regions. These bacterial species have long been associated with biological control of several plant pathogens including Aspergillus spp. Our results show that A. flavus occurred widely and produced comparatively higher total aflatoxin levels in all (100%) study sites from the eastern to the western regions of Kenya. For the western region, A. flavus was detected in 4 locations (66.7%) that were previously under maize cultivation with the isolates showing low aflatoxigenicity. A. flavus was not isolated from soils under sugarcane cultivation. Distribution of the two bacterial species varied across the regions but we detected a weak relationship between occurrence of bacterial species and A. flavus. We discuss these findings in the context of the influence of climate, microbial profiles, cropping systems and applicability in the deployment of biological control remedies against aflatoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Monda
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Thika Road, Nairobi P.O. Box 43844-00100, Kenya; (E.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Joel Masanga
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kenyatta University, Thika Road, Nairobi P.O. Box 43844-00100, Kenya; (E.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Amos Alakonya
- Seed Health Unit, Genetic Resources Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera Mexico-Veracruz Km. 45 El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico C.P. 56237, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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28
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Ren X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Mao J, Li P. Control of Aflatoxigenic Molds by Antagonistic Microorganisms: Inhibitory Behaviors, Bioactive Compounds, Related Mechanisms, and Influencing Factors. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E24. [PMID: 31906282 PMCID: PMC7020460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination has been causing great concern worldwide due to the major economic impact on crop production and their toxicological effects to human and animals. Contamination can occur in the field, during transportation, and also in storage. Post-harvest contamination usually derives from the pre-harvest infection of aflatoxigenic molds, especially aflatoxin-producing Aspergilli such as Aspergillusflavus and A. parasiticus. Many strategies preventing aflatoxigenic molds from entering food and feed chains have been reported, among which biological control is becoming one of the most praised strategies. The objective of this article is to review the biocontrol strategy for inhibiting the growth of and aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic fungi. This review focuses on comparing inhibitory behaviors of different antagonistic microorganisms including various bacteria, fungi and yeasts. We also reviewed the bioactive compounds produced by microorganisms and the mechanisms leading to inhibition. The key factors influencing antifungal activities of antagonists are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Ren
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
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29
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Liu Y, Teng K, Wang T, Dong E, Zhang M, Tao Y, Zhong J. Antimicrobial Bacillus velezensis HC6: production of three kinds of lipopeptides and biocontrol potential in maize. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:242-254. [PMID: 31559664 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the antimicrobial agents of the Bacillus velezensis strain HC6 and assess the application potential of B. velezensis HC6 in maize. METHODS AND RESULTS We applied a dual culture technique to test the antimicrobial activity of B. velezensis HC6 against bacteria and fungi of common contaminated crops. Bacillus velezensis HC6 showed antagonistic action on pathogenic fungi, including Aspergillus and Fusarium, as well as pathogenic bacteria (especially Listeria monocytogenes). When applied in maize, B. velezensis HC6 could also inhibit the growth of multiple pathogenic fungi and reduce their production of aflatoxin and ochratoxin. Three kinds of antimicrobial lipopeptides, including iturin, fengycin and surfactin were identified in B. velezensis HC6 culture supernatant by high-performance liquid chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Iturin and fengycin showed obvious antimicrobial activity to the tested fungal strains. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus velezensis HC6 produces three kinds of lipopeptides which showed antimicrobial activity against several common pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Bacillus velezensis HC6 is potential to be biocontrol bacteria in maize. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Bacillus velezensis HC6 shows obvious antimicrobial activity to important crops pathogenic fungi which usually produce mycotoxins that are harmful to animal and human health. We demonstrate that three different types of lipopeptides produced by B. velezensis contributed to the antimicrobial activity. Bacillus velezensis HC6 has the potential to be effective biocontrol agent in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - K Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - T Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - E Dong
- LongDa Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd, Laiyang, China
| | - M Zhang
- LongDa Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd, Laiyang, China
| | - Y Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Zhang QX, Zhang Y, He LL, Ji ZL, Tong YH. Identification of a small antimycotic peptide produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 6256. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 150:78-82. [PMID: 30195391 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus sp. 6256 is a good biocontrol agent against Botrytis cinerea which caused tomato gray mold disease. Strain 6256 was identified as B. amyloliquefaciens by analysis of its partial gyrB gene sequence. To identify and characterize the antimycotic peptides from the culture broth of the bacterium, the antimicrobial substances produced by B. amyloliquefaciens 6256 were isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography and DEAE anion exchange chromatography. The purified compound was designated as P657. The biological activity of P657 was stable at as high as 100 °C for 20 min and in pH value ranged from 5 to 10. The antimycotic compound was resistant to trypsin and proteinase K, and could completely inhibit spore germination of Botrytis cinerea in vitro. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis results showed the presence of fengycins A (C16-C17) and fengycins B (C15-C17) isoforms in P657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xia Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ling Ling He
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhao Lin Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yun Hui Tong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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31
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Shu X, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Li M, Hu H, Ma Y, Chen X, Ni J, Zhao W, Huang S, Wu L. Biological Degradation of Aflatoxin B₁ by Cell-Free Extracts of Bacillus velezensis DY3108 with Broad PH Stability and Excellent Thermostability. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E330. [PMID: 30110983 PMCID: PMC6116002 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10080330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Aflatoxin contamination in food and grain poses serious problems both for economic development and public health protection, thus leading to a focus on an effective approach to control it; (2) Methods: Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) degrading bacteria were isolated using a medium containing coumarin as the sole carbon source, and the biodegradation of AFB₁ by the isolate was examined by high performance liquid chromatography, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; (3) Results: a bacterial strain exhibiting strong AFB1 degradation activity (91.5%) was isolated and identified as Bacillusvelezensis DY3108. The AFB₁ degrading activity was predominantly attributed to the cell-free supernatant of strain DY3108. Besides, it was heat-stable and resistant to proteinase K treatment but sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment. The optimal temperature for the maximal degradation of AFB₁ was 80 °C. Even more notable, the supernatant showed a high level of activity over a broad pH (4.0 to 11.0) and exhibited the highest degradation (94.70%) at pH 8.0. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that the degradation products displayed significantly (p < 0.05) lower cytotoxic effects than the parent AFB₁; (4) Conclusions: B.velezensis DY3108 might be a promising candidate for exploitation in AFB₁ detoxification and bioremediation in food and feed matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Shu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- The Sericultural Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Qing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Minghao Li
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yuhan Ma
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Jun Ni
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Shengwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Lifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology of Anhui Province, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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32
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Xia X, Zhang Y, Li M, Garba B, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhang H, Li P. Isolation and characterization of a Bacillus subtilis strain with aflatoxin B 1 biodegradation capability. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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