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Cheng NC, Chen YH, Wu YL, Chang YT. Transaxillary endoscopic subfascial operation for persistent muscular torticollis in pediatric patients: A 13-year retrospective study in Taiwan. Pediatr Neonatol 2024; 65:298-302. [PMID: 38453564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoscopic surgery for persistent muscular torticollis has been well-described and most are subcutaneous working caverns. As the sternocleidomastoid muscle is located beneath the deep cervical fascia that corresponds to the pectoral fascia, this study aimed to review our results of the transaxillary approach under the pectoral fascia and the deep cervical fascia. METHODS Between November 2009 and January 2022, pediatric patients with persistent muscular torticollis receiving transaxillary endoscopic subfascial operation were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS There were thirty-three consecutive patients with median age of 6.5 years (range, 5.5 months-15.7 years). The median operating time was 90.0 min. With a median follow-up of 14.8 months (range, 5.0-127.7), the final outcomes showed excellent-to-good results in 90.9%, fair results in 6.1%, and poor results in 3.0%. Univariate analysis revealed that the long-term outcomes of the operation were independent of gender, age, involved side and previously open myotomy (p = 0.662, 0.818, 0.740 and 0.596, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The subfascial working cavern would be technically achievable for the transaxillary endoscopic approach with good functional and cosmetic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chen Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Wu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Chang
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Vinitchagoon T, Hennessy E, Zhang FF, Fauth RC, Must A, Tovar A, Choumenkovitch SF, Economos CD. A Dietary Pattern With More Fruits and Vegetables in Children of Mothers Who Immigrated to the United States From Latin America Is Associated With Healthful Nutrient Intake and Weight Status. J Acad Nutr Diet 2024:S2212-2672(24)00162-X. [PMID: 38609016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children from families who immigrated to the United States may consume a lower-quality diet compared with their US-born peers. However, specific features of their dietary patterns, which could be a focus for improving diet quality, are not well-studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine dietary patterns that distinguish interpersonal variability in dietary intake and explore the association of dietary patterns with nutrient intake and weight status. DESIGN This study was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Live Well randomized controlled trial collected between 2009 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Study participants included 313 children (3-12 years) whose mothers immigrated to the United States from Latin America and resided in Somerville, Massachusetts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dietary patterns (derived using principal component analysis); nutrient intake (derived from dietary data collected using the Block Food Screener); and weight status (categorized using body mass index z score based on measured height and weight). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Nutrient intake levels were compared across quartiles for dietary patterns using analysis of covariance. Multivariable logistic or linear regression models were used to determine the associations between dietary pattern scores and odds of overweight or obesity or z scores. RESULTS Two dietary patterns emerged: "fruits and vegetables" and "meat and sweets." Highest adherence to the fruits and vegetables pattern was associated with more healthful nutrient intake and lower odds of having overweight or obesity (odds ratio 0.37; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.98), but not body mass index z score (β = -.07; 95% CI -.51 to 0.36) compared with the lowest adherence. Adherence to the meat and sweets pattern was associated with less healthful nutrient intake but not with the odds of experiencing overweight or obesity (odds ratio 0.48; 95% CI 0.16 to 1.46). CONCLUSIONS A healthful dietary pattern in children of families who immigrated to the United States from Latin America may include a variety of fruits and vegetables. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to further assess the role of dietary intake patterns on the health of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanit Vinitchagoon
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Erin Hennessy
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; ChildObesity180, Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca C Fauth
- Tufts Interdisciplinary Evaluation Research, Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Aviva Must
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Silvina F Choumenkovitch
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christina D Economos
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Yang A, Jing Lu H, Chang L. The impacts of early environmental adversity on cognitive functioning, body mass, and life-history behavioral profiles. Brain Cogn 2024; 177:106159. [PMID: 38593638 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Early adverse experiences or exposures have a profound impact on neurophysiological, cognitive, and somatic development. Evidence across disciplines uncovers adversity-induced alternations in cortical structures, cognitive functions, and related behavioral manifestations, as well as an energetic trade-off between the brain and body. Based on the life history (LH) framework, the present research aims to explore the adversity-adapted cognitive-behavioral mechanism and investigate the relation between cognitive functioning and somatic energy reserve (i.e., body mass index; BMI). A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was performed with longitudinal self-reported, anthropometric, and task-based data drawn from a cohort of 2,607 8- to 11-year-old youths and their primary caregivers recruited by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCDSM) study. The results showed that early environmental adversity was positively associated with fast LH behavioral profiles and negatively with cognitive functioning. Moreover, cognitive functioning mediated the relationship between adversity and fast LH behavioral profiles. Additionally, we found that early environmental adversity positively predicted BMI, which was inversely correlated with cognitive functioning. These results revealed an adversity-adapted cognitive-behavioral mechanism and energy-allocation pathways, and add to the existing knowledge of LH trade-off and developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anting Yang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Building E21-G003, University of Macau, Macau.
| | - Hui Jing Lu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences GH413, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hum Hong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences Building E21-G003, University of Macau, Macau; Department of Applied Social Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences GH413, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hum Hong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Leone M, Bui HT, Kalinova E, Lemoyne J, Gagnon D, Léger L, Larivière G, Allisse M. Investigation of Underlying Association between Anthropometric and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Markers among Overweight and Obese Adolescents in Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:408. [PMID: 38673321 PMCID: PMC11049930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents who experience overweight or obesity commonly persist in these conditions into adulthood, thereby elevating their vulnerability to health issues. The focus of this study is on health risk markers such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body surface area (BSA), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). The objectives include updating normative values for BMI, WC, WHtR, and BSA in Canadian adolescents, establishing cardiometabolic risk zones, and developing a composite score considering both anthropometric and CRF markers. METHODS Involving 1864 adolescents, the study used the LMS method to generate percentile norms, stratified by age and sex. Cardiometabolic risk zones were established for each marker based on Z-scores, and a composite score was created. RESULTS An increase in WC of 5.8 and 7.4 cm for boys and girls, respectively, was observed since 1981. Forward multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the robustness and validity of the proposed model. The results indicated that the model explained nearly 90% (R2 = 0.890) of the common variance between the composite score and the retained independent variables. Moreover, the model demonstrated a mean absolute error (MAE) of approximately 6 percentiles, confirming its high precision. Furthermore, these analyses yielded key thresholds for identifying adolescents at risk: the 70th percentile for high cardiometabolic risk and the 85th percentile for very-high risk. CONCLUSIONS Individually, WC or WHtR seem to be better markers for evaluating cardiometabolic risk than BMI during adolescence. However, CRF showed comparable importance to anthropometric markers in determining cardiometabolic risk. The simultaneous inclusion of anthropometric and CRF markers provides a better picture of the global cardiometabolic risk in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leone
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l’Université, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada; (H.T.B.); (M.A.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Hung Tien Bui
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l’Université, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada; (H.T.B.); (M.A.)
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Emilia Kalinova
- Département des Sciences de L’activité Physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada;
| | - Jean Lemoyne
- Département des Sciences de L’activité Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | | | - Luc Léger
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de L’activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (L.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Georges Larivière
- École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de L’activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada; (L.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Maxime Allisse
- Département des Sciences de la Santé, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l’Université, Saguenay, QC G7H 2B1, Canada; (H.T.B.); (M.A.)
- Faculté des Sciences de L’activité Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC H2X 2R1, Canada
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Gilic B, Sunda M, Versic S, Modric T, Olujic D, Sekulic D. Effectiveness of Physical-Literacy-Based Online Education on Indices of Physical Fitness in High-School Adolescents: Intervention Study during the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1666. [PMID: 37892329 PMCID: PMC10605366 DOI: 10.3390/children10101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
There is a global consensus that physical literacy (PL) is an important determinant of physical fitness (PF), but studies have rarely examined the effects of PL-based interventions on PF. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of specific online video-based PL intervention on PF indices in high-school students from Croatia. Participants were 423 high-school adolescents (295 girls, 128 boys; 14-to-18 years of age), divided into an intervention group (n = 230) and a control group (n = 193). The intervention lasted 12 weeks. Educational video materials were disseminated to the intervention group by the closed social network during the pandemic period. Variables included height, mass, BMI, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and power, strength, and flexibility indices. Pre- to post-testing design was applied, with two-way analysis of variance for repeated measurement (Time × Group). Applied intervention induced positive effects in CRF (the intervention group improved their capacities, while no changes occurred in the control group) and BMI (the intervention group retained their BMI levels at the pre-testing level, while BMI of the control group slightly increased over the course of the study), with better effectiveness in girls than in boys. No effects were evidenced for other variables. The positive effects of applied educational intervention on BMI and CRF are encouraging knowing that both indices are related to health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.G.); (S.V.); (T.M.); (D.O.)
| | - Mirela Sunda
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.G.); (S.V.); (T.M.); (D.O.)
| | - Toni Modric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.G.); (S.V.); (T.M.); (D.O.)
| | - Dragana Olujic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.G.); (S.V.); (T.M.); (D.O.)
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (B.G.); (S.V.); (T.M.); (D.O.)
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Kunset P, Punsawad C, Petsirasan R, Suwanbamrung C, Shohaimi S, Narkkul U, Noonil N. Unhealthy Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with Sociodemographic Factors as Predictors among Underweight and Overweight Adolescents in Southern Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6703. [PMID: 37681843 PMCID: PMC10487822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental phase; dietary intake and nutritional status significantly impact health outcomes. (2) Objective: This cross-sectional study investigated dietary patterns (DPs) and the association between sociodemographic factors and unhealthy DPs among adolescents in Thailand. (3) Methods: A multi-stage sampling selected 1480 participants from three public high schools in Nakhon Si Thammarat province. A food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary habits, and principal component analysis was used to identify DPs. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association between sociodemographic factors and DPs. (4) Results: The findings show that 25.9% of adolescents were underweight, 14.7% were overweight, and 5.8% were obese. Three DPs were identified: a healthy 'protein and vegetables' pattern and two unhealthy patterns: 'snacks' and 'processed foods', which explained 12.49%, 10.37%, and 7.07% of the dietary variance, respectively. Among underweight adolescents, higher snack consumption was associated with being younger (odds ratio (OR) = 3.24) and receiving a higher daily allowance (OR = 3.43). Additionally, female adolescents who engaged in frequent exercise had a 2.15 times higher intake of processed foods. Among overweight adolescents, higher snack intake was linked to being younger (OR = 8.65) and having larger families (OR = 6.37). Moreover, an increased daily allowance was associated with higher consumption of processed foods (OR = 11.47). (5) Conclusion: This study underscores the socio-demographic influence on unhealthy DPs. Insights can guide targeted interventions to foster healthier dietary habits during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pikuntip Kunset
- Excellence Center of Community Health Promotion, School of Nursing, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (C.P.); (U.N.)
| | | | - Charuai Suwanbamrung
- Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Udomsak Narkkul
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (C.P.); (U.N.)
| | - Naiyana Noonil
- Excellence Center of Community Health Promotion, School of Nursing, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
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Kracht CL, Pochana SS, Staiano AE. Associations Between Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Depressive Symptomatology in Adolescents: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:250-257. [PMID: 36724791 PMCID: PMC10214422 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and less time in sedentary behavior (SB) may protect against poor mental health in adolescence. Depressive symptomatology may also influence adolescents' own MVPA and SB. The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional relationship between adolescent MVPA, SB, and depressive symptomatology using a longitudinal approach. METHODS Adolescents (10-16 y) were recruited for a prospective observational cohort. Depressive symptomatology was measured using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire. Accelerometry was used to measure MVPA and SB. Adolescents were classified by meeting the MVPA guideline (≥60 min/d) and quartiles of SB time, with the lowest amount of time in SB compared to others. Bidirectional associations between MVPA, SB, and depressive symptomatology were assessed using mixed-effects regression models. RESULTS At baseline, adolescents (n = 205) were 12.5 (2.0) years, 54.6% women, 59.1% White, and 34.6% African American. In unadjusted models, adolescents with less baseline time in SB had lower follow-up Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire scores, and fewer were classified as depressed at follow-up compared to others. After adjustment, adolescents with less baseline time in SB had lower depressive symptomatology at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Limiting time spent in SB in adolescence may improve future mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sai S Pochana
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,USA
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Kracht CL, Katzmarzyk PT, Champagne CM, Broyles ST, Hsia DS, Newton RL, Staiano AE. Association between Sleep, Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Adiposity in Adolescents: A Prospective Observational Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:110-118. [PMID: 35977103 PMCID: PMC9771953 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the effects of substituting sedentary time with sleep or physical activity on adiposity in a longitudinal sample of adolescents. METHODS Adolescents (10-16 yr) were recruited for a prospective observational cohort. Parents and adolescents reported demographic characteristics and pubertal development. Accelerometry was used to measure sleep, physical activity, and sedentary time. Adiposity was quantified with imaging techniques. Isotemporal substitution modeling was conducted to examine the effect of substituting 10 min of sedentary time with sleep or differing intensities of physical activity. Results were stratified by sex and race and adjusted for covariates. RESULTS A total of 217 adolescents provided complete measures at both baseline and 2 yr later (58.1% White, 51.8% girls; 12.9 ± 1.9 yr at baseline). Sleep was negatively related to adiposity 2 yr later when considering other movement behaviors, but substituting baseline sedentary time with sleep was not related to future adiposity ( P > 0.05). In boys and non-White adolescents, substituting sedentary time with vigorous-intensity physical activity was related to lower adiposity 2 yr later ( P < 0.05). Substituting sedentary time for moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity was not associated with future adiposity. CONCLUSIONS Substituting sedentary time with vigorous-intensity physical activity was related to lower adiposity in later adolescence in certain groups. Opportunities to promote an adequate balance of sleep, sedentary time, and physical activity in all adolescents are encouraged for optimal development.
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Pérez-Muñoz C, Carretero-Bravo J, Ortega-Martín E, Ramos-Fiol B, Ferriz-Mas B, Díaz-Rodríguez M. Interventions in the first 1000 days to prevent childhood obesity: a systematic review and quantitative content analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2367. [PMID: 36527103 PMCID: PMC9758903 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity poses a global health challenge. In recent years, there has been an increase in interventions that begin in pregnancy, putting the concept of early programming and early risk factors into practice. The present study aims to update the findings regarding interventions in the first 1000 days of life. METHODS A systematic review based on the PRISMA guidelines was carried out in PubMed, WoS, Scopus and CINAHL to obtain the articles to be analysed. We included those studies published between 2016 and 2021. Human interventions that started within the first 1000 days of life and acted on at least one programming factor were included. Once selected, coding and quantitative content analysis was carried out to obtain a profile of the interventions during the first 1000 days. RESULTS From all screened articles, 51 unique interventions, which met the selection criteria, were included. The majority of interventions (81%) took place in high-income areas. Almost all (86%) were targeted at the general population. The majority (54%) started in the second trimester of pregnancy. A clear majority (61%) ended at the time of birth. 44% of the interventions included all pregnant women. Only 48% of these interventions were focused on improving the nutritional status of the offspring in the short term. Most interventions collected the baby's weight at birth (68%). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that current interventions are not covering as many aspects as they should. Future research should be conducted more frequently in developing countries and target disadvantaged groups. These interventions should include all pregnant women, regardless of their nutritional status, aiming to cover as many programming factors as possible and extending through the first 1000 days of life, with body mass index or skinfolds as measures of effectiveness during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Pérez-Muñoz
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096Facultad de Enfermería Y Fisioterapia, University of Cádiz, Ana de Viya 52, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Carretero-Bravo
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096Facultad de Enfermería Y Fisioterapia, University of Cádiz, Ana de Viya 52, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Esther Ortega-Martín
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096Facultad de Enfermería Y Fisioterapia, University of Cádiz, Ana de Viya 52, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Begoña Ramos-Fiol
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096Facultad de Enfermería Y Fisioterapia, University of Cádiz, Ana de Viya 52, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Díaz-Rodríguez
- grid.7759.c0000000103580096Facultad de Enfermería Y Fisioterapia, University of Cádiz, Ana de Viya 52, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
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10
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Park HK, Shim YS, Lee HS, Hwang JS. Reference Ranges of Body Composition Using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Its Relation to Tri-Ponderal Mass Index. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:433-447. [PMID: 36114107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction/background Increased body fat is related to obesity and its comorbidities later in life. To determine the amount of body fat in children and adolescents, reference intervals should be applied. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a good tool for accurately measuring body composition. Methodology The body composition reference ranges in Korean children and adolescents were determined using nationally representative cross-sectional data. The performances of the body mass index (BMI) and tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) in measuring body fat were compared using the reference percentiles derived from this analysis. Results A total of 1,661 subjects (891 boys and men and 770 girls and women) were included. Age- and sex-specific percentiles and the corresponding LMS variables for DXA-assessed parameters for the whole body and the trunk were determined. The coefficients of determination of the whole body FM SDS and FMI SDS for the BMI SDS were 0.783 and 0.784, respectively, and those for the TMI SDS were 0.685 and 0.769, respectively. Conclusion Based on the reference values for body composition, the correlation coefficients of TMI for adjusted FM measured by DXA were comparable to those of BMI. TMI estimated body fat levels more accurately than BMI in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kyu Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Young Suk Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Hae Sang Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Soon Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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11
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Thinness negatively affects lung function among Sri Lankan children. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272096. [PMID: 35917365 PMCID: PMC9345351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been conflicting findings on the effect of body mass index (BMI) on lung functions in children. Therefore, we studied the relationship between spirometry parameters and BMI among healthy Sri Lankan school children aged 5–7 years. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 296 school children (5–7-year-old) without apparent lung disease. Recruitment was done with stratified random sampling. Spirometry parameters, FEV1, FVC, PEFR, and FEV1/FVC ratio were determined. The acceptable and reproducible spirometry recordings were included in the analysis. Simple and multivariate linear regression analysis examined possible associations of lung function parameters with BMI, socio‐demographic variables and indoor risk factors. Also, the mediator effect of gender on lung function through BMI was explored. Results The participants’ mean age (SD) was 6.4 (0.65) years. One-third were thin/severely thin (37%). A statistically significant difference in FVC (p = 0.001) and FEV1 (p = 0.001) was observed between BMI groups (obesity/overweight, normal, and thinness). Yet, PEFR or FEV1/FVC did not significantly differ among BMI groups (p = 0.23 and p = 0.84). Multivariate regression analysis showed that FEV1 and FVC were significantly associated with BMI, child’s age, gender, family income, father’s education, having a pet, and exposure to mosquito coil smoke. Interaction between gender and BMI for lung functions was not significant. The thin children had significantly lower FVC (OR: -0.04, 95%CI: -0.077, -0.012, p = 0.008) and FEV1 (OR: -0.04, 95%CI: -0.075, -0.014, p = 0.004) than normal/overweight/obese children. Family income demonstrated the greatest effect on lung functions; FVC and FEV1 were 0.25L and 0.23L smaller in low-income than the high-income families. Conclusion Lower lung function parameters (FVC and FEV1) are associated with thinness than normal/overweight/obese dimensions among children without apparent lung disease. It informs that appropriate nutritional intervention may play a role in improving respiratory health.
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Rostampour N, Naderi M, Kheiri S, Safavi P. The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Depression, Anxiety, Body Image, and Eating Attitudes in Adolescents in Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:51. [PMID: 35982859 PMCID: PMC9379917 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_259_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and depression, anxiety, body image, and eating attitudes in 12- to 16-year-old adolescents. Materials and Methods In this descriptive-analytical study on 437 students in Shahrekord, Iran, selected by two-step random sampling (selection of schools and students), participants were divided into normal weight (BMI: 5-85th), overweight (BMI: 85-95th), and obese (BMI >95th) groups and completed the questionnaires and data were analyzed by SPSS version 23. Results BMI had a positive correlation with anxiety, depression, and dysfunctional eating attitudes, and negative correlation with body image in adolescents. Mean scores of depression and anxiety in both overweight and obese groups were significantly higher than those in normal weight adolescents but scores of body image and eating attitudes were not different between overweight and normal weight groups. Conclusion Obesity and overweight may have adverse effects on mental health of adolescents and more attention to psychological aspect of obesity can help us to provide better health services to overweight and obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Rostampour
- Department of Pediatric, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Naderi
- Department of Pediatric, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soleiman Kheiri
- Modelling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Parvin Safavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Sahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Parvin Safavi, Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Sahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. E-mail:
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Córdoba-Rodríguez DP, Iglesia I, Gomez-Bruton A, Rodríguez G, Casajús JA, Morales-Devia H, Moreno LA. Fat-free/lean body mass in children with insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:58. [PMID: 35065638 PMCID: PMC8783460 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lean / Fat Free Body Mass (LBM) is metabolically involved in active processes such as resting energy expenditure, glucose uptake, and myokine secretion. Nonetheless, its association with insulin sensitivity / resistance / glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome remains unclear in childhood. METHODS The current investigation aimed to examine the differences in fat-free mass /lean body mass according to the presence of insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome in children. A systematic search was carried out in Medline/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO, covering the period from each database's respective start to 21 June 2021. Two researchers evaluated 7111 studies according to the inclusion criteria: original human studies, written in English or Spanish, evaluating fat-free mass/lean body mass in children and adolescents including both with and without insulin sensitivity/insulin resistance /glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome and reported the differences between them in terms of fat free mass/lean body mass. The results of the studies were combined with insulin sensitivity, insulin, resistance, glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome. The standardized mean difference (SMD) in each study was calculated and combined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was tested using the index of heterogeneity (I2), leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were performed, and publication bias was assessed using the Egger and Begg tests. RESULTS Finally, 15 studies which compared groups defined according to different glucose homeostasis criteria or metabolic syndrome out of 103 eligible studies were included in this systematic review and 12 studies in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed lower fat-free mass/lean body mass percentage in participants with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome (SMD -0.47; 95% CI, - 0.62 to - 0.32) while in mass units (kg), higher values were found in the same group (SMD, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.60). CONCLUSIONS Our results identified lower values of fat-free mass/lean body mass (%) in children and adolescents with insulin resistance/glucose tolerance/metabolic syndrome and higher values of fat-free mass/lean body mass when these are expressed in kg. The evidence of the impact of lean mass on children's glucose homeostasis or metabolic syndrome is limited, so future studies research should focus on explaining the effect of fat-free mass/lean body mass on different metabolic outcomes. Moreover, it may be interesting to evaluate the quality (muscle density) or functional (muscle strength) outcomes in addition to both absolute (kg) and relative (%) values in future studies. The systematic review was prospectively registered at PROSPERO (registration number CRD42019124734; available at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero [accessed: 05 April 2019]).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iris Iglesia
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Bruton
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Antonio Casajús
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hernan Morales-Devia
- Biblioteca General Alfonso Borrero Cabal, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Khwanchuea R, Punsawad C. Associations Between Body Composition, Leptin, and Vitamin D Varied by the Body Fat Percentage in Adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:876231. [PMID: 35721764 PMCID: PMC9203737 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.876231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum leptin levels reflects one's degree of obesity and can affect vitamin D levels. The relationship between body fat, leptin, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) has not been extensively studied in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between body composition and leptin and 25(OH)D levels in boys and girls. METHODS Participants aged 12-14 years (n = 205) were grouped according to sex. After body composition was recorded using bioelectrical impedance analysis, they were classified into three groups according to body fat percentage (%BF) (< 30, ≥ 30 and < 40, and ≥ 40). Serum leptin and 25(OH)D levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlations between all variables were analyzed according to sex and the percentage of BF groups. RESULTS Boys and girls with %BF ≥ 30 showed no difference in body mass index (BMI), %BF, and leptin and 25(OH)D, while other variables of body composition were more common in boys than in girls. The %BF, body fat mass (BFM), and 25(OH)D of both sexes with %BF ≥ 30, and leptin levels of boys with %BF ≥ 40 increased with an increase in %BF. A negative correlation between leptin and 25(OH)D levels was found in boys with %BF < 40 and girls with %BF < 30. In the %BF ≥ 30 and < 40 groups, there were negative correlations between leptin, BFM, free fat mass, and muscle mass (MM); between leptin, 25(OH)D, and height in boys; and between 25(OH)D, body weight, BMI, and MM in girls. CONCLUSION A negative correlation between leptin and 25(OH)D levels varied according to sex, while for body composition, it was evident at 30 and 40% BF.
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Kwak BO, Lim J, Chung S. Body Shape Indices in Adolescents Based on the 2009-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100894. [PMID: 34682159 PMCID: PMC8534381 DOI: 10.3390/children8100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A Body Shape Index (ABSI) is a recently proposed index for standardizing waist circumference (WC) for body mass index (BMI) and height in adults, using 2/3 and 1/2 as scaling exponents, respectively. However, ABSI has limited applicability to children and adolescents, as the relationship between height and weight changes with age and varies according to sex. This study aimed to investigate whether ABSI can be applied to adolescents and to analyze the relationships among BMI, WC, height, weight, and body shape index (BSI) in Korean adolescents. The data of 1023 adolescents aged 10-19 years from the 2009-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were collected. Body measurements (height, weight, WC, and BMI) were analyzed to estimate the BSI using log-linear regression. The scaling exponents for standardizing WC for weight and height were estimated according to age (per year) and sex. The scaling exponents for standardizing WC for weight and height were 0.698 and -1.090 for boys and 0.646 and -0.855 for girls, respectively. The exponents also differed according to age. BSI was negatively correlated with height, weight, and BMI in boys and girls, and these correlations differed in direction from those in adults. ABSI cannot be applied to adolescents. In adolescents, the BSI is dependent on age and sex and is associated with growth and puberty. Further studies are required to evaluate the association between BSI and other biomarkers, to improve its applicability as a parameter for predicting the risk of chronic diseases in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ok Kwak
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07441, Korea;
| | - Jisun Lim
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2030-7553
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Han JY, Chung S. Evaluation of Agreement of Overweight Screening Criteria in Adolescents: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:289-295. [PMID: 34462396 PMCID: PMC8526295 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing prevalence of overweight children and childhood obesity has led to early development of obesity-related diseases, including diabetes. Screening tests for type 2 diabetes in children indicate overweight as a major risk factor. Three overweight screening criteria have been considered: body mass index (BMI) >85th percentile (overweight 1, OW1), weight for height >85th percentile (OW2), and weight >120% of ideal for height (OW3). This study was conducted to evaluate the agreement in these screening criteria and the impact of increased use of screening methods. Methods Data were obtained from 965 Korean adolescents (521 boys and 444 girls). The subjects were classified into overweight and normal weight groups by the three above criteria. The agreement between criteria was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa value. Furthermore, we studied the relationships between the criteria and parameters of height, weight, BMI, and z score, based on the 2007 Korean growth chart. Results Totals of 188, 139, and 115 adolescents were classified as OW1, OW2, and OW3, respectively. The kappa values were 0.798, 0.710, and 0.891 for OW1 and OW2, OW1 and OW3, and OW2 and OW3, respectively. Weight, weight-z, BMI, and BMI-z were greater among subjects in all overweight groups compared to the normal weight group. However, the heights of the subjects did not differ between the three groups. Conclusion Active assessment of overweight status using OW1 could be improved by including more adolescents and focusing on the variability of individual growth and disease risk, even though substantial agreement was observed among the three overweight screening criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Physical growth of children and adolescents living at a moderate altitude: proposed percentiles based on age and sex. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:1238-1247. [PMID: 34530621 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION physical growth patterns and nutritional status of children and adolescents living at moderate altitude are not applicable for clinical assessment of growth for diverse populations around the world. OBJECTIVE a) to compare weight, height and body mass index (BMI) variables with CDC-2012 references; b) to verify if BMI and/or ponderal index (PI) are applicable to children living at moderate altitude; and c) to propose percentiles to assess physical growth by age and sex. METHODS a total of 5,377 students, ranging in age from 6.0 to 17.9 years, were evaluated. The students were from two geographic regions of moderate altitude in Peru (2,320 meters) and Colombia (2,640 meters). Weight and height were measured. BMI and PI were calculated. Weight, height and BMI were compared with CDC-2012 references. RESULTS males showed lower weight and height from age 11 to 17.9 years compared to CDC-2012. Females weighed less than the reference from 9.0 to 17.9 years. Female height was lower from 6.0 to 14.9 years; however, from 15.0 to 17.9 years, values were similar to the reference. As for BMI, there were differences in both sexes (in males, from 15.0 to 17.9 years, and in females, from 12.0 to 17.9 years). Age, weight and height explained BMI: between R2 = 17 and 83 % in males, and in females between R2 = 24 and 85 %. These same variables influenced PI in a lower percentage in both sexes: for males (R2 = 0.01 to 49 %) and for females (R2 = 0.01 to 18 %). CONCLUSIONS children and adolescents living at moderate altitude in Peru and Colombia diverge from the CDC-2012 physical growth patterns. In addition, PI is a new alternative for estimating weight in relation to BMI. The proposed curves for weight, height, and PI by age and sex could have greater implications in the control of child health programs and in clinical and epidemiological practices.
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Dastgheib SA, Bahrami R, Setayesh S, Salari S, Mirjalili SR, Noorishadkam M, Sadeghizadeh-Yazdi J, Akbarian E, Neamatzadeh H. Evidence from a meta-analysis for association of MC4R rs17782313 and FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms with susceptibility to obesity in children. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102234. [PMID: 34364300 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MC4R rs17782313 and FTO rs9939609 polymorphisms with childhood obesity. METHODS A universal search was performed up to May 2021. RESULTS A total of 31 studies including 13 studies with 9565 cases and 11956 controls on MC4R rs17782313 and 18 studies with 4789 cases and 15918 controls on FTO rs9939609 were selected. CONCLUSIONS Pooled data showed that FTO rs9930506 and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms were significantly associated with obesity in children. Stratified analyses revealed that these genetic variants were associated with childhood obesity in Caucasian and Asian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Alireza Dastgheib
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Bahrami
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Setayesh
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedali Salari
- Department of Biology, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Mirjalili
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahmood Noorishadkam
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jalal Sadeghizadeh-Yazdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Elahe Akbarian
- Children Growth Disorder Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Neamatzadeh
- Mother and Newborn Health Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Díaz-Rodríguez M, Pérez-Muñoz C, Carretero-Bravo J, Ruíz-Ruíz C, Serrano-Santamaría M, Ferriz-Mas BC. Early Risk Factors for Obesity in the First 1000 Days-Relationship with Body Fat and BMI at 2 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8179. [PMID: 34360471 PMCID: PMC8346117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat. Several early developmental factors have been identified which are associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity and increased adiposity in childhood. The primary objective of the present study is to analyse the effect of various early risk factors on Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. (2) Methods: A prospective cohort study design was used, with the sample consisting of 109 mother-child pairs from whom data were collected between early pregnancy and 2 years old. Adiposity was determined based on skinfold measurements using the Brooks and Siri formulae. Mean comparison tests (Student's t-test and ANOVAs) and multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the relationship between early programming factors and dependent variables. (3) Results: Maternal excess weight during early pregnancy (β = 0.203, p = 0.026), gestational smoking (β = 0.192, p = 0.036), and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years (β = - 0.269, p = 0.004) were significantly associated with high body fat percentage. Pre-pregnancy BMI and accelerated weight gain in the first 2 years were associated with high BMI z-score (β = 0.174, p = 0.047 and β = 0.417, p = 0.000 respectively). The cumulative effect of these variables resulted in high values compared to the baseline zero-factor group, with significant differences in BMI z-score (F = 8.640, p = 0.000) and body fat percentage (F = 5.402, p = 0.002) when three factors were present. (4) Conclusions: The presence of several early risk factors related to obesity in infancy was significantly associated with higher BMI z-score and body fat percentage at 2 years of age. The presence of more than one of these variables was also associated with higher adiposity at 2 years of age. Early prevention strategies should address as many of these factors as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Díaz-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (M.D.-R.); (C.P.-M.); (J.C.-B.)
| | - Celia Pérez-Muñoz
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (M.D.-R.); (C.P.-M.); (J.C.-B.)
| | - Jesús Carretero-Bravo
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (M.D.-R.); (C.P.-M.); (J.C.-B.)
| | - Catalina Ruíz-Ruíz
- Clinic Management Unit (CMU), Andalusian Health System, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (C.R.-R.); (M.S.-S.)
| | | | - Bernardo C. Ferriz-Mas
- Clinic Management Unit (CMU), Andalusian Health System, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (C.R.-R.); (M.S.-S.)
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Dewi RC, Rimawati N, Purbodjati P. Body mass index, physical activity, and physical fitness of adolescence. J Public Health Res 2021; 10. [PMID: 33855415 PMCID: PMC8129745 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adolescents experience growth and significant changes in body composition which influence physical activity and response to sport or exercise. The level of physical fitness in adolescent girls is usually lower than that of boys, due to differences in body composition and levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between fat mass percentage, body composition, physical activity, and physical fitness. Design and Methods: This study used an analytical observational, and cross-sectional design with total samples consisting of 70 male and female students aged 14-15 years. They were selected through simple random sampling, and the data collected were anthropometric measurements, body composition, physical activity and physical fitness. In addition, the Pearson correlation test was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that 68.57% of participants had a normal body mass index, 74.3% had moderate physical activity, and 44.28% had fat mass percentage including an obesity category and, 54.29% had low physical fitness. Furthermore, the Pearson test showed a significant relationship between physical activity, body mass index and fat mass percentage with physical fitness. Conclusions: An increased fat mass percentage is associated with decreased levels of physical fitness. Furthermore, a good determinant of low physical fitness in obese conditions is the percentage of fat mass rather than BMI. Significance for public health Physical fitness plays a role in maintaining physical and mental health. It is associated with fat mass percentage, body mass index, and physical activity. Low physical activity supported by a high percentage of fat mass and a high body mass index reduces physical fitness, which causes a decrease in work productivity while increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study describes the relationship between energy intake, body mass index, percentage fat mass, physical activity, and physical fitness in schoolchildren aged 13-14 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanda Rimawati
- Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya.
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Hagan Seneadza NA, Antwi S, Yang H, Enimil A, Dompreh A, Wiesner L, Peloquin CA, Lartey M, Lauzardo M, Kwara A. Effect of malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics of anti-TB drugs in Ghanaian children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:36-42. [PMID: 33384043 PMCID: PMC8259402 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.20.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anti-TB drugs dosing based on weight alone may contribute to suboptimal drug concentrations and poor treatment outcomes in malnourished children. We examined the effect of malnutrition on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of first-line anti-TB drugs in children.METHODS: Drug concentrations were measured in Ghanaian children during the intensive phase of TB treatment. Weight-for-age (WFA), height-for-age (HFA), weight-for-height (WFH) and body mass index-for-age (BFA) were calculated and children with Z-scores < -2 SD (standard deviations) were considered as having malnutrition. PK differences of anti-TB drugs were compared by nutritional status.RESULTS: Of 100 participants, 24/48 (50.0%) of those younger than 5 years had wasting, 58/86 (67.4%) were underweight, and 56/99 (56.6%) had stunting; 22/51 (43.1%) children aged ≥5 years had low BFA. Children with stunting were more likely than controls to have lower mean peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0-8h) of rifampin (RIF) and pyrazinamide (PZA), as well as a higher frequency of Cmax below the normal range. Wasting and underweight were associated with lower mean ethambutol (EMB) Cmax and AUC0-8h.CONCLUSIONS: The current WHO-recommended dosages were associated with lower plasma exposure of RIF, PZA and EMB in children with stunting, wasting and underweight. Anti-TB drugs dosing models for children may need to include height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Ayegua Hagan Seneadza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida
- Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical
School
| | - Sampson Antwi
- Directorate of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching
Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and
Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology,
University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United
States
| | - Anthony Enimil
- Directorate of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching
Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine and
Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Albert Dompreh
- Directorate of Child Health, Komfo Anokye Teaching
Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine,
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles A Peloquin
- Deaprtment of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Margaret Lartey
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of
Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- Fevers Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Lauzardo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine,
College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Awewura Kwara
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine,
College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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22
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Kakebeeke TH, Chaouch A, Caflisch J, Knaier E, Rousson V, Jenni OG. Impact of body mass index and socio-economic status on motor development in children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:1777-1787. [PMID: 33507388 PMCID: PMC8105210 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-03945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status (SES) on the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment, second version (ZNA-2), a battery of tests of motor development in typically developing children between 3 and 18 years of age. BMI measurements and international socio-economic index data were taken from the normative sample of the ZNA-2 for 321 children (158 boys, 163 girls) with a median age of 9.3 years. The age- and gender-adjusted motor performance of these children was quantified and grouped into five components: fine, pure, and gross motor tasks, static balance, and contralateral associated movements. A total score was also calculated. The associations of BMI and SES with the motor scores contribute to less than 5.1% of the total variance.Conclusion: The ZNA-2 for motor development is suitable for measuring motor abilities' development as it is largely independent of the BMI of the child and the SES of the family. What is Known: • Typical motor development, as measured with the Zurich Neuromotor Assessment, second edition (ZNA-2), is strongly dependent on age and gender. • The ZNA-2 focusses on motor performance, motor quality and simple motor skills. What is New: • Higher socio-economic status (SES) is associated with slightly better motor performance as measured by the ZNA-2 total score. • In the ZNA-2 less than 5.1% of the variability in motor performance is attributable to the combined effect of body mass index and SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja H. Kakebeeke
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aziz Chaouch
- Division of Biostatistics, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jon Caflisch
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Knaier
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Rousson
- Division of Biostatistics, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G. Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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van Santen SS, Olsson DS, Hammarstrand C, Wijnen M, Fiocco M, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Johannsson G, Janssen JAMJL, van der Lely AJ, Neggers SJCMM. Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Craniopharyngioma Patients: A Longitudinal Study Over 10 Years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5900043. [PMID: 32869850 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with craniopharyngioma suffer from obesity and impaired bone health. Little is known about longitudinal changes in body composition and bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE To describe body composition and BMD (change). DESIGN Retrospective longitudinal study. SETTING Two Dutch/Swedish referral centers. PATIENTS Patients with craniopharyngioma (n = 112) with a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan available (2 DXA scans, n = 86; median Δtime 10.0 years; range 0.4-23.3) at age ≥ 18 years (58 [52%] male, 50 [45%] childhood onset). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Longitudinal changes of body composition and BMD, and associated factors of ΔZ-score (sex and age standardized). RESULTS BMI (from 28.8 ± 4.9 to 31.2 ± 5.1 kg/m2, P < .001), fat mass index (FMI) (from 10.5 ± 3.6 to 11.9 ± 3.8 kg/m2, P = .001), and fat free mass index (FFMI) (from 18.3 ± 3.2 to 19.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2, P < .001) were high at baseline and increased. Fat percentage and Z-scores of body composition did not increase, except for FFMI Z-scores (from 0.26 ± 1.62 to 1.06 ± 2.22, P < .001). Z-scores of total body, L2-L4, femur neck increased (mean difference 0.61 ± 1.12, P < .001; 0.74 ± 1.73, P < .001; 0.51 ± 1.85, P = .02). Linear regression models for ΔZ-score were positively associated with growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) (femur neck: beta 1.45 [95% CI 0.51-2.39]); and negatively with radiotherapy (femur neck: beta -0.79 [-1.49 to -0.09]), glucocorticoid dose (total body: beta -0.06 [-0.09 to -0.02]), and medication to improve BMD (L2-L4: beta -1.06 [-1.84 to -0.28]). CONCLUSIONS Z-scores of BMI, fat percentage, and FMI remained stable in patients with craniopharyngioma over time, while Z-scores of FFMI and BMD increased. Higher glucocorticoid dose and radiotherapy were associated with BMD loss and GHRT with increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selveta S van Santen
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel S Olsson
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Casper Hammarstrand
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mark Wijnen
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Fiocco
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Medical Statistics Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gudmundur Johannsson
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joseph A M J L Janssen
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J van der Lely
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian J C M M Neggers
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology; Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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Body phenotypes and sexual maturation in Brazilian and US adolescents: evidence for a change in BMI category. Public Health Nutr 2020; 24:5387-5399. [PMID: 33183393 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020004589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to describe body phenotypes (BP) estimated by multivariate analysis and their association with body mass. DESIGN BP were defined based on demographic variables, anthropometric data (body mass, height, skinfolds and circumferences), body composition (phase angle measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis), biochemical parameters (TAG, glucose, total cholesterol ratio/LDL, Hb and sexual maturation (pubic hair and breasts or gonads). ANOVA was performed to verify the differences between skin colour and the stages of pubertal development, BP, body composition, anthropometric and biochemical variables. SETTING Cities of São Paulo-SP, Piracicaba-SP and Florianópolis-SC from Brazil and the United States. PARTICIPANTS 9269 adolescents aged between 10 and 15 years old. RESULTS The composition of BP was similar in all surveys, which are: BP1 was composed by skinfolds, body mass and circumferences variables; BP2 by pubic hair, breast in girls or gonad in boys, height and age; BP3 by cholesterol, TAG and glucose; and BP4 by phase angle, Hb and glucose (negative loading). There was a strong correlation (r = 0·9, P < 0·001) between BP1 and BMI. CONCLUSION We highlighted independence observed between biochemical parameters, anthropometry, body composition and sexual maturation. BP may support the calculation of scores for diagnosis of obesity based on anthropometric variables and overcome ambiguity in the isolated use of BMI.
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25
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Rubajczyk K, Rokita A. The Relative Age Effect and Talent Identification Factors in Youth Volleyball in Poland. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1445. [PMID: 32733325 PMCID: PMC7358257 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in team sports have not reported evidence regarding the relative age effect (RAE) in relation to the talent identification (TI) process in volleyball, which is organized and controlled by a national federation. Volleyball is a non-contact team sport in which a player’s physique does not directly affect other players in the game but is considered one of the most critical factors in the TI process. The aims of the present study were (1) to determine the differences in the quarterly distribution of age between Polish youth volleyball players from the Olympic Hopes Tournament (OHT) and the general population, (2) to investigate the quarterly differences in anthropometric characteristics and motor test results in OHT participants, and (3) to identify the criteria that determine selection for the National Volleyball Development Program (NVDP). The present study identified the RAE in young male (n = 2,528) and female (n = 2,441) Polish volleyball players between 14 and 15 years of age who competed in the elite OHT in 2004–2015. The study included anthropometric characteristics, motor test results, and selection for the NVDP. The multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated no significant main effect for birth quarter or calendar age in any of the OHT female players or in male players selected for the NVDP. In the group of non-selected NVDP male players, the analysis demonstrated significant differences by birth quarter as a covariate for body height (F = 0.01, p < 0.001), spike reach (F = 7.33, p < 0.05), and block jump (F = 0.02, p < 0.001). Significant differences by calendar age as a covariate were observed for body mass (F = 0.53, p < 0.01), spike jump (F = 2.64, p < 0.05), block jump (F = 0.4, p < 0.01), and zigzag agility test results (F = 0.01, p < 0.01). The results showed a significant overrepresentation of early-born participants in the OHT and NVDP subsamples. The classification model demonstrated that a combination of four characteristics optimally discriminated between players selected for the NVDP and those who were not selected. This combination of variables correctly classified 77.7% of the female players and 71.8% of the male players in terms of their selection for the NVDP. The results of this study show that jumping ability and body height are crucial in the TI and selection process in youth volleyball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Rubajczyk
- Department of Team Games Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rokita
- Department of Team Games Sport, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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26
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Park HK, Shim YS. Distribution of Tri-Ponderal Mass Index and its Relation to Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents Aged 10 to 20 Years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5717570. [PMID: 31995184 PMCID: PMC7049264 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Body mass index percentiles are widely used to determine overweight and obesity status in children and adolescents. Their limitations in clinical settings can be addressed. OBJECTIVE Reference ranges for the tri-ponderal mass index percentiles of Korean children and adolescents are presented for a comparison of their clinical variables with those of body mass index. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2016. PATIENTS Korean children and adolescents aged 10 to 20 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The age- and sex-specific least mean square parameters (skewness, median, and coefficient of variation) for the tri-ponderal mass index of 9749 subjects aged 10 to 20 years. RESULTS The factors associated with metabolic syndrome, except diastolic blood pressure, were more likely to be worse in the subjects with tri-ponderal mass index values indicative of overweight status than in those with normal tri-ponderal mass index values. Body mass index tends to underestimate obesity-related comorbidities more than tri-ponderal mass index does. CONCLUSION The tri-ponderal mass index standard deviation score may be advantageous when defining overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kyu Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Young Suk Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Young Suk Shim, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong 18450, Korea. E-mail:
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27
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Sukhovei Y, Kostolomova E, Unger I, Koptyug A, Kaigorodov D. Difference between the biologic and chronologic age as an individualized indicator for the skincare intensity selection: skin cell profile and age difference studies. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-019-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The present research addresses the issue of skin aging and corresponding skin treatment individualization. Particular research question was on the development of a simplified criterion supporting patient-specific decisions about the necessity and intensity of skin treatment. Basing on published results and a wide pool of our own experimental data, a hypothesis is formulated that a difference between biologic and chronologic age can be used as a powerful indicator of skin aging.
Methods
In the present paper, we report the results of studies with 80 volunteers between 15 and 65 years of age linking skin cell profile parameters to biologic and chronologic age. Biologic age was calculated using the empirical expressions based on the forced vital lung capacity, systolic blood pressure, urea concentration, and blood cholesterol level. Epidermis and derma cellular structures were studied using skin biopsy samples taken from the gluteal region.
Results
The present study supports the conclusion that biologic and chronologic age difference is changing in the progress of life. Our studies are showing that time point when calculated biologic age becomes equal to the chronologic one reflecting the onset of specific changes in the age dependencies of experimentally measured skin cell profile parameters. Thus, it is feasible that a difference between chronologic and individually assessed biologic age indeed reflects the process of skin aging.
Conclusions
With all reservations to the relatively small number of study participants, it seems feasible that a difference between biologic and chronologic age can be used as an indicator of skin aging. Additional research linking blood immune profile and skin topography to the difference of biologic and chronologic age (reported in the following paper) provides further support for the formulated hypotheses. So, a difference between calculated biologic age and chronologic age can be used as an individualized criterion supporting decisions on skin treatment strategies. Further research involving larger numbers of participants aimed at optimizing the expressions for calculating biologic age could lead to reliable and easily available express criterion supporting the decision for the individualized skin treatment.
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28
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Folayan MO, Arije O, El Tantawi M, Kolawole KA, Obiyan M, Arowolo O, Oziegbe EO. Association between early childhood caries and malnutrition in a sub-urban population in Nigeria. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:433. [PMID: 31722683 PMCID: PMC6852898 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria. Methods This study was a subset of a larger cross-sectional study the data of which was generated through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The study’s explanatory variable was malnutrition (underweight, overweight, wasting and stunting) and the outcome variable was ECC. Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study were adjusted for to obtain the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). Results Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03–0.69; p = 0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83–25.85; p < 0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0–0; p < 0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female. Conclusions For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC. The frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator when malnutrition was included as an explanatory variable for ECC in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olujide Arije
- Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mary Obiyan
- Department of Demography and Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olaniyi Arowolo
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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29
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Hoepner LA. Bisphenol a: A narrative review of prenatal exposure effects on adipogenesis and childhood obesity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:54-68. [PMID: 30897403 PMCID: PMC10637253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is significant evidence of globally ubiquitous prenatal exposures to bisphenol A (BPA). Childhood obesity as an epidemic has been a global concern for over a decade. Experimental models and epidemiological evidence suggest that BPA may act as an obesogen during adipogenesis. Results from stem cell models and birth cohort studies support the developmental origins of health and disease theory. While literature reviews have presented a variety of potential mechanisms of BPA action during adipogenesis, there remains no consensus. This review is the first to explore the proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mechanism in detail. This review will also examine the obesogenic effect of prenatal exposure to BPA during critical windows of vulnerability. Although vast experimental literature exists, there is limited epidemiological evidence to support the hypothesis for the obesogenic effect of BPA. The primary goal of this review is to provide researchers with a roadmap of existing research and suggestions for future directions for analyzing the relationship between prenatal BPA exposures and childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Downstate Medical Center School of Public Health, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Saddam AC, Foster HM, Zhang M, Mosby TT. Effect of sex and race on body mass index and percent body fat in young adults. Nutrition 2019; 63-64:9-13. [PMID: 30925270 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ch Saddam
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Heidi M Foster
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Moge Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Terezie T Mosby
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA.
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31
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Chung S. Body composition analysis and references in children: clinical usefulness and limitations. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:236-242. [PMID: 30258101 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is increasing over the world. Especially in Asians compared to Caucasians, there has been a significant increase in the population with major chronic diseases. This has developed over a shorter time period which is associated with socioeconomic changes in recent decades and a greater predisposition to cardiometabolic disorders. Many Asians could be classified has having normal weight but with obesity as evidenced by body composition (BC) and fat distribution. Overweight in Asian adults is classified as a BMI > 23 kg/m2 and obesity as a BMI > 25 kg/m2. An effective strategy to manage the obesity epidemic by focusing on childhood obesity is needed because of the huge impact that obesity exerts on population health. However, monitoring tools are limited to anthropometry such as BMI and BMI z-scores which define overweight and obese as a BMI exceeding the 85th and 95th percentiles, respectively, on reference growth charts. To overcome the limitations of BMI, reference values for BC components have been produced using various techniques. The use of BC charts for children in personalized therapeutic approach has increased, although there is a lack of a consensus on a single reference technique. Zones on BC charts and the personalized values of BC components could be practical, especially for the detection of metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUN) children. BC charts should be included in the growth chart package and BC monitoring through the entire life course will help us understand the association between growth, aging, health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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32
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Liang J, Guo Y, Dai M, Xiao Q, Cai W, Wei Y, Amakye WK, Jing J, Zhang Z. Differences in relationships of maternal and paternal age at childbirth with body fat distribution in offspring. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23143. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Yangfeng Guo
- Health Promotion Centre for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality; Guangzhou Guangdong 510180 China
| | - Meixia Dai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Qipeng Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Weili Cai
- Health Promotion Centre for Primary and Secondary Schools of Guangzhou Municipality; Guangzhou Guangdong 510180 China
| | - Yuanhuan Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
| | - William Kwame Amakye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health; Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510080 China
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
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33
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Lee R, Singh L, van Liefde D, Callaghan-Gillespie M, Steiner-Asiedu M, Saalia K, Edwards C, Serena A, Hershey T, Manary MJ. Milk Powder Added to a School Meal Increases Cognitive Test Scores in Ghanaian Children. J Nutr 2018; 148:1177-1184. [PMID: 29905824 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The inclusion of milk in school feeding is accepted as good nutritional practice, but specific benefits remain uncertain. Objective The objective was to determine whether consumption of 8.8 g milk protein/d given as milk powder with a multiple micronutrient-enriched porridge resulted in greater increases in linear growth and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) scores in Ghanaian schoolchildren when compared with 1 of 3 control groups. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in healthy children aged 6-9 y was conducted comparing 8.8 g milk protein/d with 4.4 g milk protein/d or 4.4 g milk protein + 4.4 g rice protein/d (isonitrogenous, half of the protein from milk and half from rice) or a non-nitrogenous placebo. Primary outcomes were changes in length after 9 mo and CANTAB scores after 4.5 mo; secondary outcomes were body-composition measures. Supplements were added to porridge each school day and consumed for 9 mo. Anthropometric and body-composition measures and CANTAB tests were completed upon enrollment and after 4.5 and 9 mo. Group results were compared by using ANCOVA for anthropometric measures and the Kruskal-Wallis test for CANTAB scores. Results Children receiving 8.8 g milk protein/d showed greater increases on percentage correct in Pattern Recognition Memory (mean ± SD: 5.5% ± 16.8%; P < 0.05) and Intra/Extradimensional Set Shift completed stages compared with all other food groups (0.6 ± 2.3; P < 0.05). No differences were seen in linear growth between the groups. The children receiving either 4.4 or 8.8 g milk protein/d had a higher fat-free body mass index than those who received no milk, with an effect size of 0.34 kg/m2. Conclusion Among schoolchildren, the consumption of 8.8 g milk protein/d improved executive cognitive function compared with other supplements and led to the accretion of more lean body mass, but not more linear growth. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov">www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02757508.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Lee
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lauren Singh
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | | | - Kwesi Saalia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Anja Serena
- Global Nutrition and Clinicals, Arla Foods Amba, Brabrand, Denmark
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Departments of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.,Departments of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.,Departments of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mark J Manary
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.,School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.,Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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dos Santos FK, Moura dos Santos MA, Almeida MB, Nobre IG, Nobre GG, Ferreira e Silva WT, Gomes TN, António Ribeiro Maia J, Leandro CG. Biological and behavioral correlates of body weight status among rural Northeast Brazilian schoolchildren. Am J Hum Biol 2018; 30:e23096. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelus Brito Almeida
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science; CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco; Vitória de Santo Antão PE Brazil
| | - Isabele Goes Nobre
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science; CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco; Vitória de Santo Antão PE Brazil
| | - Gabriela Goes Nobre
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science; CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco; Vitória de Santo Antão PE Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carol Góis Leandro
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science; CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco; Vitória de Santo Antão PE Brazil
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Chung S. Therapeutic approaches to obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2018. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2018.61.10.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yoon JW, Park HA, Lee J, Kim JH. The influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on anthropometric change in girls with central precocious puberty. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2017; 60:395-402. [PMID: 29302264 PMCID: PMC5752640 DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2017.60.12.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The potential effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment on the weight of girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) remains a controversy. We investigated anthropometric changes during and after GnRHa treatment among girls with CPP. Methods This retrospective study evaluated data from 127 girls with CPP who received GnRHa treatment for ≥2 years. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) values were compared at the baseline (visit 1), after 1 year of GnRHa treatment (visit 2), the end of GnRHa treatment (visit 3), and 6–12 months after GnRHa discontinuation (visit 4). Results The height z score for chronological age (CA) increased continuously between visit 1 and visit 4. No significant differences were observed in BMI z score for CA between visits 1 and 4. However, an increasing trend in the BMI z score for bone age (BA) was observed between visits 1 and 4. The numbers of participants who were of normal weight, overweight, and obese were 97, 22, and 8, respectively, at visit 1, compared to 100, 16, and 11, respectively, at visit 4 (P=0.48). Conclusion Among girls with CPP, the overall BMI z score for CA did not change significantly during or after GnRHa treatment discontinuation, regardless of their BMI status at visit 1. However, the BMI z score for BA showed an increasing trend during GnRHa treatment and a decreasing trend after discontinuation. Therefore, long-term follow-up of BMI changes among girls with CPP is required until they attain adult height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wan Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hyun A Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Silva DAS, Pelegrini A, de Castro JAC, de Lima TR, de Sousa GR, de Lima Silva JMF, Petroski EL. Low handgrip strength levels among adolescents in a city in southern Brazil. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2017; 21:884-889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Kalantari N, Mohammadi NK, Rafieifar S, Eini-Zinab H, Aminifard A, Malmir H, Ashoori N, Abdi S, Gholamalizadeh M, Doaei S. Indicator for Success of Obesity Reduction Programs in Adolescents: Body Composition or Body Mass Index? Evaluating a School-based Health Promotion Project after 12 Weeks of Intervention. Int J Prev Med 2017; 8:73. [PMID: 29026505 PMCID: PMC5634063 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_306_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity in adolescence is the strongest risk factor for obesity in adulthood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention on different anthropometric indices in 12–16-year-old boy adolescents after 12 Weeks of Intervention. Methods: A total of 96 male adolescents from two schools participated in this study. The schools were randomly assigned to intervention (53 students) and control school (43 students). Height and weight of students were measured and their body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Body fat percent (BF) and body muscle percent (BM) was assessed using a bioimpedance analyzer considering the age, gender, and height of students at baseline and after intervention. The obesity reduction intervention was implemented in the intervention school based on the Ottawa charter for health promotion. Results: Twelve weeks of intervention decreased BF percent in the intervention group in comparison with the control group (decreased by 1.81% in the intervention group and increased by 0.39% in the control group, P < 0.01). However, weight, BMI, and BM did not change significantly. Conclusions: The result of this study showed that a comprehensive lifestyle intervention decreased the body fat percent in obese adolescents, although these changes was not reflected in the BMI. It is possible that BMI is not a good indicator in assessment of the success of obesity management intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Kalantari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahram Rafieifar
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Eini-Zinab
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Aminifard
- Department of Food Industry, School of Food Sciences and Industry, Islamic Azad University, Khouzestan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Malmir
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Ashoori
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheyda Abdi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Student Research Committee, Department of community nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Silva RVG, de Araújo RS, Aarão TLS, da Silva Costa PD, Sousa JR, Quaresma JAS. Correlation between therapy and lipid profile of leprosy patients: is there a higher risk for developing cardiovascular diseases after treatment? Infect Dis Poverty 2017; 6:82. [PMID: 28457229 PMCID: PMC5410692 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of leprosy reduces health-related quality of life of affected patients, interfering with different factors such as nutrition. This study investigated the lipid profile, nutritional status, and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients who underwent leprosy treatment in Brazil. METHODS Eighty-four adult patients of both genders ranging in age from 20 to 60 years and diagnosed with paucibacillary (PB) or multibacillary (MB) leprosy were selected after undergoing multidrug treatment. The following data were collected: sociodemographic and clinical data; food intake; anthropometric measures (weight, height, and waist circumference); and lipid profile components (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], and triglycerides). RESULTS Among the study population, there was a predominance of males (65.48%) aged 50 to 60 years, patients with an income of 248-496 American dollars (63.10%), patients who completed elementary school (65.48%), inactive patients (76.19%), non-smokers (46.43%), and non-drinking patients (69.05%). The levels (mean ± standard deviation) of total cholesterol were 193.8 ± 29.4 mg/dL in the PB form and 203.5 ± 41.7 mg/dL in the MB form. The mean LDL-c was 116.9 ± 22.7 mg/dL in PB patients and 121 ± 31.3 mg/dL in MB patients. Mean triglyceride levels were 123.4 ± 45.2 mg/dL in the PB form and 147.4 ± 88.9 mg/dL in the MB form. The evaluation of nutritional status showed that 41.67% of the patients were eutrophic, while 55.96% had excess weight. Food intake was significantly associated with HDL-c in male patients (P = 0.0264) and with triglycerides in patients above the ideal weight (P = 0.0049). CONCLUSIONS The risk of acquiring CVDs was observed to be high due to patients' excess weight and increased waist circumference. This study will guide clinicians in the adequate treatment of patients with leprosy in order to avoid adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba V. G. Silva
- Bettina Ferro de Souza Hospital, Federal do Para University, Belém, Pará Brazil
| | - Rafael S. de Araújo
- Center of Health and Biological Science, Pará State University, Belém, Pará Brazil
| | - Tinara L. S. Aarão
- Center of Health and Biological Science, Pará State University, Belém, Pará Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal do Para University, Av. Generalissimo Deodoro 92, Umarizal, Belém, Pará 66055-190 Brazil
| | | | - Jorge R. Sousa
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal do Para University, Av. Generalissimo Deodoro 92, Umarizal, Belém, Pará 66055-190 Brazil
| | - Juarez A. S. Quaresma
- Center of Health and Biological Science, Pará State University, Belém, Pará Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal do Para University, Av. Generalissimo Deodoro 92, Umarizal, Belém, Pará 66055-190 Brazil
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Park J, Kim JH. Change in body mass index and insulin resistance after 1-year treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in girls with central precocious puberty. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 22:27-35. [PMID: 28443256 PMCID: PMC5401819 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2017.22.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is used as a therapeutic agent for central precocious puberty (CPP); however, increased obesity may subsequently occur. This study compared body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance during the first year of GnRHa treatment for CPP. METHODS Patient group included 83 girls (aged 7.0-8.9 years) with developed breasts and a peak luteinizing hormone level of ≥5 IU/L after GnRH stimulation. Control group included 48 prepubertal girls. BMI and insulin resistance-related indices (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI]) were used to compare the groups before treatment, and among the patient group before and after GnRHa treatment. RESULTS No statistical difference in BMI z-score was detected between the 2 groups before treatment. Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were increased in the patient group; fasting glucose-to-insulin ratio and QUICKI were increased in the control group (all P<0.001). In normal-weight subjects in the patient group, BMI z-score was significantly increased during GnRHa treatment (-0.1±0.7 vs. 0.1±0.8, P<0.001), whereas HOMA-IR and QUICKI exhibited no differences. In overweight subjects in the patient group; BMI z-score and HOMA-IR were not significantly different, whereas QUICKI was significantly decreased during GnRHa treatment (0.35±0.03 vs. 0.33±0.02, P=0.044). CONCLUSION Girls with CPP exhibited increased insulin resistance compared to the control group. During GnRHa treatment, normal-weight individuals showed increased BMI z-scores without increased insulin resistance; the overweight group demonstrated increased insulin resistance without significantly altered BMI z-scores. Long-term follow-up of BMI and insulin resistance changes in patients with CPP is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Adeniyi AA, Oyapero OA, Ekekezie OO, Braimoh MO. DENTAL CARIES AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN LAGOS, NIGERIA - A PRELIMINARY SURVEY. JOURNAL OF THE WEST AFRICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS 2016; 6:15-38. [PMID: 28856122 PMCID: PMC5555729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have highlighted the direct impact of caries on the nutritional status of children; few studies in Nigeria have examined the association between the two parameters. AIM To determine the association between caries and the nutritional status of in-school children. Design of the study: A cross-sectional survey. SETTING Two private and two public schools in Lagos state. METHODOLOGY A total of 973 children were assessed for dental caries using the WHO diagnostic criteria. Nutritional status was assessed using the weight for age, height for age and weight for height parameters. Data entry and analysis were done using WHO Epi 3.5 nutritstat and SPSS version 20.0 software. The t test, ANOVA, chi squared test, correlation statistics and logistic regression analysis were used as tests of association. A p-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Caries prevalence was 21.7% while mean Decayed Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index score was 0.48 (±1.135). Overall 13.9% of the children studied were stunted, 13.6% were wasted and 10.9% were underweight. The caries prevalence was significantly higher in children with normal weight than in overweight or underweight children (p=0.009). Children who were wasted (p=0.111) and those who were underweight (p=0.659) had a higher mean DMFT score, but the relationship was not statistically significant. The DMFT score was negatively correlated with weight for age but positively correlated with height for age and weight for height. The relationships were also not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our results showed that underweight children had a higher risk of developing dental caries. Although both under weight and wasted children had higher mean DMFT scores, there was no significant association between dental caries and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Adeniyi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine. Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O A Oyapero
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Lagos, Nigeria
| | - O O Ekekezie
- National Postgraduate Medical College Ijanikin Lagos
| | - M O Braimoh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Lagos, Nigeria
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