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Salomón R, Reyes-López FE, Tort L, Firmino JP, Sarasquete C, Ortiz-Delgado JB, Quintela JC, Pinilla-Rosas JM, Vallejos-Vidal E, Gisbert E. Medicinal Plant Leaf Extract From Sage and Lemon Verbena Promotes Intestinal Immunity and Barrier Function in Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Front Immunol 2021; 12:670279. [PMID: 34054843 PMCID: PMC8160519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of a medicinal plant leaf extract (MPLE) from sage (Salvia officinalis) and lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora), rich in verbascoside and triterpenic compounds like ursolic acid, was evaluated in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed a low fishmeal-based diet (48% crude protein, 17% crude fat, 21.7 MJ kg-1, 7% fishmeal, 15% fish oil) for 92 days. In particular, the study focused on the effect of these phytogenic compounds on the gut condition by analyzing the transcriptomic profiling (microarray analysis) and histological structure of the intestinal mucosa, as well as the histochemical properties of mucins stored in goblet cells. A total number of 506 differentially expressed genes (285 up- and 221 down-regulated) were found when comparing the transcriptomic profiling of the intestine from fish fed the control and MPLE diets. The gut transcripteractome revealed an expression profile that favored biological mechanisms associated to the 1) immune system, particularly involving T cell activation and differentiation, 2) gut integrity (i.e., adherens and tight junctions) and cellular proliferation, and 3) cellular proteolytic pathways. The histological analysis showed that the MPLE dietary supplementation promoted an increase in the number of intestinal goblet cells and modified the composition of mucins' glycoproteins stored in goblet cells, with an increase in the staining intensity of neutral mucins, as well as in mucins rich in carboxylated and weakly sulfated glycoconjugates, particularly those rich in sialic acid residues. The integration of transcriptomic and histological results showed that the evaluated MPLE from sage and lemon verbena is responsible for the maintenance of intestinal health, supporting gut homeostasis and increasing the integrity of the intestinal epithelium, which suggests that this phytogenic may be considered as a promising sustainable functional additive for aquafeeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Salomón
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
- PhD Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Felipe E. Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
- Consorcio Tecnológico de Sanidad Acuícola, Ictio Biotechnologies S.A., Santiago, Chile
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joana P. Firmino
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
- PhD Program in Aquaculture, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan B. Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (ICMAN-CSIC), Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | - Eva Vallejos-Vidal
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enric Gisbert
- Aquaculture Program, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre de Sant Carles de la Ràpita (IRTA-SCR), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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2
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Bang S, Kim H, Jang K, Paik SS, Shin SJ. The loss of nuclear expression of single-stranded DNA binding protein 2 of gastric adenocarcinoma and its prognostic role: Analysis of molecular subtype. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236896. [PMID: 32745119 PMCID: PMC7398516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA binding protein 2 (SSBP2) is ubiquitously expressed, with several studies reporting it to be a tumor suppressor. We investigated SSBP2 expression and its clinicopathological significance in gastric cancer. SSBP2 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 539 gastric cancer sections. The cases were divided into three subtypes, namely, Epstein–Barr virus-associated (EBV), microsatellite unstable, and others (microsatellite stable and EBV negative), based on the molecular classification of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cases were also divided into two subgroups according to the amplification status of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Most cases showed SSBP2 positivity, and only 24 (4.5%) cases displayed negative nuclear expression. Loss of nuclear expression correlated significantly with high pT category (P = 0.001), nodal metastasis (P = 0.002), and stage of progression (P = 0.005), with no correlation between molecular characteristics and SSBP2 expression. All HER2 amplification cases displayed positive SSBP2 expression. Negative SSBP2 cases showed significantly shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) compared to positive SSBP2 cases (P = 0.008). Loss of nuclear expression of SSBP2 was significantly associated with shorter RFS in the microsatellite stable and EBV negative groups (P = 0.002), as well as the HER2 negative group (P = 0.007). However, there were no statistically significant differences in multivariate analyses. Loss of nuclear expression of SSBP2 was a poor prognostic factor, associated with stage of progression and recurrence, and showed no significant difference in molecular characteristics, including TCGA subtype and HER2 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsik Bang
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsung Kim
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiseok Jang
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Shin
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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3
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Renko M, Fiedler M, Rutherford TJ, Schaefer JV, Plückthun A, Bienz M. Rotational symmetry of the structured Chip/LDB-SSDP core module of the Wnt enhanceosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20977-20983. [PMID: 31570581 PMCID: PMC6800368 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912705116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chip/LIM-domain binding protein (LDB)-single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSDP) (ChiLS) complex controls numerous cell-fate decisions in animal cells, by mediating transcription of developmental control genes via remote enhancers. ChiLS is recruited to these enhancers by lineage-specific LIM-domain proteins that bind to its Chip/LDB subunit. ChiLS recently emerged as the core module of the Wnt enhanceosome, a multiprotein complex that primes developmental control genes for timely Wnt responses. ChiLS binds to NPFxD motifs within Pygopus (Pygo) and the Osa/ARID1A subunit of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex, which could synergize with LIM proteins in tethering ChiLS to enhancers. Chip/LDB and SSDP both contain N-terminal dimerization domains that constitute the bulk of their structured cores. Here, we report the crystal structures of these dimerization domains, in part aided by DARPin chaperones. We conducted systematic surface scanning by structure-designed mutations, followed by in vitro and in vivo binding assays, to determine conserved surface residues required for binding between Chip/LDB, SSDP, and Pygo-NPFxD. Based on this, and on the 4:2 (SSDP-Chip/LDB) stoichiometry of ChiLS, we derive a highly constrained structural model for this complex, which adopts a rotationally symmetrical SSDP2-LDB2-SSDP2 architecture. Integrity of ChiLS is essential for Pygo binding, and our mutational analysis places the NPFxD pockets on either side of the Chip/LDB dimer, each flanked by an SSDP dimer. The symmetry and multivalency of ChiLS underpin its function as an enhancer module integrating Wnt signals with lineage-specific factors to operate context-dependent transcriptional switches that are pivotal for normal development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miha Renko
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Fiedler
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor J Rutherford
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas V Schaefer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariann Bienz
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CB2 0QH Cambridge, United Kingdom;
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4
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The LIM domain binding protein 1, Ldb1, has distinct roles in Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1590-1597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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5
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García SA, Swiersy A, Radhakrishnan P, Branchi V, Kanth Nanduri L, Győrffy B, Betzler AM, Bork U, Kahlert C, Reißfelder C, Rahbari NN, Weitz J, Schölch S. LDB1 overexpression is a negative prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84258-84270. [PMID: 27713177 PMCID: PMC5356660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in western countries and is driven by the Wnt signaling pathway. LIM-domain-binding protein 1 (LDB1) interacts with the Wnt signaling pathway and has been connected to malignant diseases. We therefore aimed to evaluate the role of LDB1 in CRC. Results Overexpression of LDB1 in CRC is associated with strikingly reduced overall and metastasis free survival in all three independent patient cohorts. The expression of LDB1 positively correlates with genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway (CTNNB1, AXIN2, MYC and CCND1). Overexpression of LDB1 in CRC cell lines induced Wnt pathway upregulation as well as increased invasivity and proliferation. Upon separate analysis, the role of LDB1 proved to be more prominent in proximal CRC, whereas distal CRC seems to be less influenced by LDB1. Materials and Methods The expression of LDB1 was measured via RT-qPCR in 59 clinical tumor and normal mucosa samples and correlated to clinical end-points. The role of LDB1 was examined in two additional large patient cohorts from publicly available microarray and RNAseq datasets. Functional characterization was done by lentiviral overexpression of LDB1 in CRC cell lines and TOP/FOP, proliferation and scratch assays. Conclusions LDB1 has a strong role in CRC progression, confirmed in three large, independent patient cohorts. The in vitro data confirm an influence of LDB1 on the Wnt signaling pathway and tumor cell proliferation. LDB1 seems to have a more prominent role in proximal CRC, which confirms the different biology of proximal and distal CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A García
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anka Swiersy
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Praveen Radhakrishnan
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vittorio Branchi
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lahiri Kanth Nanduri
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2., H-1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Semmelweis University, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Bókay u. 53-54., H-1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexander M Betzler
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Bork
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reißfelder
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nuh N Rahbari
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Simonik EA, Cai Y, Kimmelshue KN, Brantley-Sieders DM, Loomans HA, Andl CD, Westlake GM, Youngblood VM, Chen J, Yarbrough WG, Brown BT, Nagarajan L, Brandt SJ. LIM-Only Protein 4 (LMO4) and LIM Domain Binding Protein 1 (LDB1) Promote Growth and Metastasis of Human Head and Neck Cancer (LMO4 and LDB1 in Head and Neck Cancer). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164804. [PMID: 27780223 PMCID: PMC5079595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) accounts for more than 300,000 deaths worldwide per year as a consequence of tumor cell invasion of adjacent structures or metastasis. LIM-only protein 4 (LMO4) and LIM-domain binding protein 1 (LDB1), two directly interacting transcriptional adaptors that have important roles in normal epithelial cell differentiation, have been associated with increased metastasis, decreased differentiation, and shortened survival in carcinoma of the breast. Here, we implicate two LDB1-binding proteins, single-stranded binding protein 2 (SSBP2) and 3 (SSBP3), in controlling LMO4 and LDB1 protein abundance in HNSCC and in regulating specific tumor cell functions in this disease. First, we found that the relative abundance of LMO4, LDB1, and the two SSBPs correlated very significantly in a panel of human HNSCC cell lines. Second, expression of these proteins in tumor primaries and lymph nodes involved by metastasis were concordant in 3 of 3 sets of tissue. Third, using a Matrigel invasion and organotypic reconstruct assay, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of LDB1 in the VU-SCC-1729 cell line, which is highly invasive of basement membrane and cellular monolayers, reduced tumor cell invasiveness and migration, as well as proliferation on tissue culture plastic. Finally, inactivation of the LDB1 gene in these cells decreased growth and vascularization of xenografted human tumor cells in vivo. These data show that LMO4, LDB1, and SSBP2 and/or SSBP3 regulate metastasis, proliferation, and angiogenesis in HNSCC and provide the first evidence that SSBPs control LMO4 and LDB1 protein abundance in a cancer context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Simonik
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Katherine N. Kimmelshue
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Dana M. Brantley-Sieders
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Holli A. Loomans
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Claudia D. Andl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Grant M. Westlake
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Victoria M. Youngblood
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Wendell G. Yarbrough
- Department of Otolaryngology and Barry Baker Laboratory for Head and Neck Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Brandee T. Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology and Barry Baker Laboratory for Head and Neck Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Lalitha Nagarajan
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Brandt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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LGR4 is required for sequential molar development. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:174-183. [PMID: 28955954 PMCID: PMC5613770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth development requires proliferation, differentiation, and specific migration of dental epithelial cells, through well-organized signaling interactions with mesenchymal cells. Recently, it has been reported that leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), the receptor of R-spondins, is expressed in many epithelial cells in various organs and tissues and is essential for organ development and stem cell maintenance. Here, we report that LGR4 contributes to the sequential development of molars in mice. LGR4 expression in dental epithelium was detected in SOX2+ cells in the posterior end of the second molar (M2) and the early tooth germ of the third molar (M3). In keratinocyte-specific Lgr4-deficient mice (Lgr4K5 KO), the developmental defect became obvious by postnatal day 14 (P14) in M3. Lgr4K5 KO adult mice showed complete absence or the dwarfed form of M3. In M3 development in Lgr4K5 KO mice, at Wnt/β-catenin signal activity was down-regulated in the dental epithelium at P3, as indicated by lymphoid enhancer-binding factor-1 (LEF1) expression. We also confirmed the decrease, in dental epithelium of Lgr4K5 KO mice, of the number of SOX2+ cells and the arrest of cell proliferation at P7, and observed abnormal differentiation at P14. Our data demonstrated that LGR4 controls the sequential development of molars by maintaining SOX2+ cells in the dental epithelium, which have the ability to form normal molars. LGR4 expression was observed in the dental epithelium after birth and moved posteriorly during molar development. Keratin5-Cre Tg specific deletion of Lgr4 impaired the development of the third molar. LGR4 maintained SOX2 positive and proliferative cells in the dental epithelium of molars.
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8
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Klein RH, Stephens DN, Ho H, Chen JK, Salmans ML, Wang W, Yu Z, Andersen B. Cofactors of LIM Domains Associate with Estrogen Receptor α to Regulate the Expression of Noncoding RNA H19 and Corneal Epithelial Progenitor Cell Function. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13271-85. [PMID: 27129775 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.709386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofactors of LIM domain proteins, CLIM1 and CLIM2, are widely expressed transcriptional cofactors that are recruited to gene regulatory regions by DNA-binding proteins, including LIM domain transcription factors. In the cornea, epithelium-specific expression of a dominant negative (DN) CLIM under the keratin 14 (K14) promoter causes blistering, wounding, inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, and neovascularization followed by epithelial thinning and subsequent epidermal-like differentiation of the corneal epithelium. The defects in corneal epithelial differentiation and cell fate determination suggest that CLIM may regulate corneal progenitor cells and the transition to differentiation. Consistent with this notion, the K14-DN-Clim corneal epithelium first exhibits increased proliferation followed by fewer progenitor cells with decreased proliferative potential. In vivo ChIP-sequencing experiments with corneal epithelium show that CLIM binds to and regulates numerous genes involved in cell adhesion and proliferation, including limbally enriched genes. Intriguingly, CLIM associates primarily with non-LIM homeodomain motifs in corneal epithelial cells, including that of estrogen receptor α. Among CLIM targets is the noncoding RNA H19 whose deregulation is associated with Silver-Russell and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes. We demonstrate here that H19 negatively regulates corneal epithelial proliferation. In addition to cell cycle regulators, H19 affects the expression of multiple cell adhesion genes. CLIM interacts with estrogen receptor α at the H19 locus, potentially explaining the higher expression of H19 in female than male corneas. Together, our results demonstrate an important role for CLIM in regulating the proliferative potential of corneal epithelial progenitors and identify CLIM downstream target H19 as a regulator of corneal epithelial proliferation and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Herndon Klein
- From the Departments of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 and
| | | | | | | | - Michael L Salmans
- From the Departments of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 and
| | - Winnie Wang
- From the Departments of Biological Chemistry and
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- From the Departments of Biological Chemistry and State Key Laboratories for AgroBiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bogi Andersen
- From the Departments of Biological Chemistry and Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697 and Medicine and
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9
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Fiedler M, Graeb M, Mieszczanek J, Rutherford TJ, Johnson CM, Bienz M. An ancient Pygo-dependent Wnt enhanceosome integrated by Chip/LDB-SSDP. eLife 2015; 4:e09073. [PMID: 26312500 PMCID: PMC4571689 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TCF/LEF factors are ancient context-dependent enhancer-binding proteins that are activated by β-catenin following Wnt signaling. They control embryonic development and adult stem cell compartments, and their dysregulation often causes cancer. β-catenin-dependent transcription relies on the NPF motif of Pygo proteins. Here, we use a proteomics approach to discover the Chip/LDB-SSDP (ChiLS) complex as the ligand specifically binding to NPF. ChiLS also recognizes NPF motifs in other nuclear factors including Runt/RUNX2 and Drosophila ARID1, and binds to Groucho/TLE. Studies of Wnt-responsive dTCF enhancers in the Drosophila embryonic midgut indicate how these factors interact to form the Wnt enhanceosome, primed for Wnt responses by Pygo. Together with previous evidence, our study indicates that ChiLS confers context-dependence on TCF/LEF by integrating multiple inputs from lineage and signal-responsive factors, including enhanceosome switch-off by Notch. Its pivotal function in embryos and stem cells explain why its integrity is crucial in the avoidance of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fiedler
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Graeb
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juliusz Mieszczanek
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor J Rutherford
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Johnson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mariann Bienz
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Salmans ML, Yu Z, Watanabe K, Cam E, Sun P, Smyth P, Dai X, Andersen B. The co-factor of LIM domains (CLIM/LDB/NLI) maintains basal mammary epithelial stem cells and promotes breast tumorigenesis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004520. [PMID: 25079073 PMCID: PMC4117441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland branching morphogenesis and ductal homeostasis relies on mammary stem cell function for the maintenance of basal and luminal cell compartments. The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the basal cell compartment are currently unknown. We explored these mechanisms in the basal cell compartment and identified the Co-factor of LIM domains (CLIM/LDB/NLI) as a transcriptional regulator that maintains these cells. Clims act within the basal cell compartment to promote branching morphogenesis by maintaining the number and proliferative potential of basal mammary epithelial stem cells. Clim2, in a complex with LMO4, supports mammary stem cells by directly targeting the Fgfr2 promoter in basal cells to increase its expression. Strikingly, Clims also coordinate basal-specific transcriptional programs to preserve luminal cell identity. These basal-derived cues inhibit epidermis-like differentiation of the luminal cell compartment and enhance the expression of luminal cell-specific oncogenes ErbB2 and ErbB3. Consistently, basal-expressed Clims promote the initiation and progression of breast cancer in the MMTV-PyMT tumor model, and the Clim-regulated branching morphogenesis gene network is a prognostic indicator of poor breast cancer outcome in humans. Recent advancements in mammary gland biology demonstrate conflicting models in maintenance of basal and luminal cell compartments by either unipotent or bipotent mammary stem cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying control of the basal cell compartment, including stem cells, remain poorly understood. Here we explore the currently unknown transcriptional mechanisms of basal stem cell (BSC) maintenance, in addition to addressing the role of the basal cell compartment in preserving luminal cell fate and promoting development of human breast tumors of luminal origin. We discover a novel function for the Co-factor of LIM domains (Clim) transcriptional regulator in promoting mammary gland branching morphogenesis and breast tumorigenesis through maintenance of the basal stem cell population. The transcriptional networks coordinated by Clims in basal mammary epithelial cells also preserve the identity of luminal epithelial cells, demonstrating a crosstalk between these two cellular compartments. Furthermore, we correlate developmental gene expression data with human breast cancer to investigate the role of developmental pathways during the initiation and progression of breast cancer. The gene regulatory networks identified during development, including those specifically coordinated by Clims, correlate with breast cancer patient outcome, suggesting these genes play an important role in the progression of breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- LIM Domain Proteins/genetics
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/genetics
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Stem Cells/pathology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Salmans
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- State Key Laboratories for AgroBiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kazuhide Watanabe
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Eric Cam
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Padhraic Smyth
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Xing Dai
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Makarev E, Gorivodsky M. Islet1 and its co-factor Ldb1 are expressed in quiescent cells of mouse intestinal epithelium. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95256. [PMID: 24755910 PMCID: PMC3995853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet1 belongs to Lim homeobox (Lhx) gene family which encodes transcription factors that have been conserved in evolution. They form complexes with other transcriptional regulators, among them obligatory co-factors encoded by Ldb genes. Isl1 (Islet1), Lhx and Ldb1 genes play a crucial role in organ patterning, cell fate determination and cell differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. In this study we analyzed expression pattern of Isl1 and its co-factor Ldb1 in small intestine. We also studied the biological role of Ldb1 in gut endoderm. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed a relatively high level of expression of Lhx1, Isl1, Isl2, Lmx1a, Ldb1 and Ldb2 mRNAs in the gut tissue as compared to the level of less abundant detectable Lmx1b mRNA. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a unique pattern of Ldb1 and Islet1 proteins in the crypt compartment. Ldb1 is produced at a low level in majority of crypt cells; but, its abundant expression was demonstrated for some single cells. Islet1 is also expressed in single cells of the crypt. Double staining experiments with Ldb1 and Isl1 antibodies showed that both genes are co-expressed in certain cells of the crypt. Further analysis revealed the Ldb1-expressing cells in the gut are both of endodermal and mesodermal origin. Proliferation studies using antibodies to phospho-histone H3 and Ki-67 antigens, as well as long-term BrdU labeling, showed that cells prominently expressing Ldb1/Islet1 are quiescent but do not belong to any known terminally differentiated cell lineages. They may represent a group of stem-like cells in the crypt. Further experiments by cell lineage tracing should be performed to better characterize this cell population. Functional studies of mice with Ldb1 gene ablated in gut endoderm revealed no specific role of Ldb1 in that tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Makarev
- Section on Mammalian Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marat Gorivodsky
- Section on Mammalian Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Juuri E, Saito K, Ahtiainen L, Seidel K, Tummers M, Hochedlinger K, Klein OD, Thesleff I, Michon F. Sox2+ stem cells contribute to all epithelial lineages of the tooth via Sfrp5+ progenitors. Dev Cell 2012; 23:317-28. [PMID: 22819339 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The continuously growing mouse incisor serves as a valuable model to study stem cell regulation during organ renewal. Epithelial stem cells are localized in the proximal end of the incisor in the labial cervical loop. Here, we show that the transcription factor Sox2 is a specific marker for these stem cells. Sox2+ cells became restricted to the labial cervical loop during tooth morphogenesis, and they contributed to the renewal of enamel-producing ameloblasts as well as all other epithelial cell lineages of the tooth. The early progeny of Sox2-positive stem cells transiently expressed the Wnt inhibitor Sfrp5. Sox2 expression was regulated by the tooth initiation marker FGF8 and specific miRNAs, suggesting a fine-tuning to maintain homeostasis of the dental epithelium. The identification of Sox2 as a marker for the dental epithelial stem cells will facilitate further studies on their lineage segregation and differentiation during tooth renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Juuri
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Bronstein R, Segal D. Modularity of CHIP/LDB transcription complexes regulates cell differentiation. Fly (Austin) 2011; 5:200-5. [PMID: 21406967 DOI: 10.4161/fly.5.3.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription is the first step through which the cell operates, via its repertoire of transcription complexes, to direct cellular functions and cellular identity by generating the cell-specific transcriptome. The modularity of the composition of constituents of these complexes allows the cell to delicately regulate its transcriptome. In a recent study we have examined the effects of reducing the levels of specific transcription co-factors on the function of two competing transcription complexes, namely CHIP-AP and CHIP-PNR which regulate development of cells in the thorax of Drosophila. We found that changing the availability of these co-factors can shift the balance between these complexes leading to transition from utilization of CHIP-AP to CHIP-PNR. This is reflected in change in the expression profile of target genes, altering developmental cell fates. We propose that such a mechanism may operate in normal fly development. Transcription complexes analogous to CHIP-AP and CHIP-PNR exist in mammals and we discuss how such a shift in the balance between them may operate in normal mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Bronstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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