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Acker L, Xu K, Ginsberg JP. The brain-heart-immune axis: a vago-centric framework for predicting and enhancing resilient recovery in older surgery patients. Bioelectron Med 2024; 10:21. [PMID: 39218887 PMCID: PMC11367755 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-024-00155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nearly all geriatric surgical complications are studied in the context of a single organ system, e.g., cardiac complications and the heart; delirium and the brain; infections and the immune system. Yet, we know that advanced age, physiological stress, and infection all increase sympathetic and decrease parasympathetic nervous system function. Parasympathetic function is mediated through the vagus nerve, which connects the heart, brain, and immune system to form, what we have termed, the brain-heart-immune axis. We hypothesize that this brain-heart-immune axis plays a critical role in surgical recovery among older adults. In particular, we hypothesize that the brain-heart-immune axis plays a critical role in the most common surgical complication among older adults: postoperative delirium. Further, we present heart rate variability as a measure that may eventually become a multi-system vital sign evaluating brain-heart-immune axis function. Finally, we suggest the brain-heart-immune axis as a potential interventional target for bio-electronic neuro-immune modulation to enhance resilient surgical recovery among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Acker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 136 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Durham, NC, USA.
- Claude D Pepper Older Americans Independence Center at Duke, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Kevin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 136 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J P Ginsberg
- William Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Healthcare System, Columbia, SC, USA
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Quigley KS, Gianaros PJ, Norman GJ, Jennings JR, Berntson GG, de Geus EJC. Publication guidelines for human heart rate and heart rate variability studies in psychophysiology-Part 1: Physiological underpinnings and foundations of measurement. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14604. [PMID: 38873876 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This Committee Report provides methodological, interpretive, and reporting guidance for researchers who use measures of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in psychophysiological research. We provide brief summaries of best practices in measuring HR and HRV via electrocardiographic and photoplethysmographic signals in laboratory, field (ambulatory), and brain-imaging contexts to address research questions incorporating measures of HR and HRV. The Report emphasizes evidence for the strengths and weaknesses of different recording and derivation methods for measures of HR and HRV. Along with this guidance, the Report reviews what is known about the origin of the heartbeat and its neural control, including factors that produce and influence HRV metrics. The Report concludes with checklists to guide authors in study design and analysis considerations, as well as guidance on the reporting of key methodological details and characteristics of the samples under study. It is expected that rigorous and transparent recording and reporting of HR and HRV measures will strengthen inferences across the many applications of these metrics in psychophysiology. The prior Committee Reports on HR and HRV are several decades old. Since their appearance, technologies for human cardiac and vascular monitoring in laboratory and daily life (i.e., ambulatory) contexts have greatly expanded. This Committee Report was prepared for the Society for Psychophysiological Research to provide updated methodological and interpretive guidance, as well as to summarize best practices for reporting HR and HRV studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Quigley
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Greg J Norman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - J Richard Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary G Berntson
- Department of Psychology & Psychiatry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Castillo-Escamilla J, Ruffo I, Carrasco-Poyatos M, Granero-Gallegos A, Cimadevilla JM. Heart rate variability modulates memory function in a virtual task. Physiol Behav 2024; 283:114620. [PMID: 38925434 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is considered one of the most relevant indicators of physical well-being and relevant biomarker for preventing cardiovascular risks. More recently, a growing amount of research has tracked an association between HRV and cognitive functions (i.e., attention). Research is still scarce on spatial orientation, a basic capability in our daily lives. It is also an important indicator of memory performance, and its malfunctioning working as an early sign of dementia. In this study, a total of 43 female students (M Age = 18.76; SD = 2.02) were measured in their lnRMSSD using the photoplethysmography technique with the Welltory smartphone app. They were also tested in their spatial memory with The Boxes Room, a virtual navigation test. Measures of physical activity were obtained with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Correlation analyses and repeated measures ANOVA were performed, comparing participants with high / low lnRMSSD in their spatial performance. Results showed that, at an equal level of physical activity, participants with a higher lnRMSSD were more effective in the early trials of The Boxes Room, being more precise in estimating the correct position of the stimuli. Moreover, a subsequent simple linear regression showed that a higher lnRMSSD was related to a smaller number of errors at the beginning of the spatial task. Overly, these results outline the relationship between HRV and navigation performance in early stages of processing, where the environment is still unknown and the situation is more demanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Castillo-Escamilla
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120. Almeria, Andalucia, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Salud (Health Research Center), CEINSA-UAL, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Irene Ruffo
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - María Carrasco-Poyatos
- Department of Education, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Salud (Health Research Center), CEINSA-UAL, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Antonio Granero-Gallegos
- Department of Education, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Salud (Health Research Center), CEINSA-UAL, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Cimadevilla
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120. Almeria, Andalucia, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Salud (Health Research Center), CEINSA-UAL, University of Almeria, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Andalucia, Spain.
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Brandes-Aitken A, Hume A, Braren S, Werchan D, Zhang M, Brito NH. Maternal heart rate variability at 3-months postpartum is associated with maternal mental health and infant neurophysiology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18766. [PMID: 39138268 PMCID: PMC11322169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated a critical link between maternal mental health and infant development. However, there is limited understanding of the role of autonomic regulation in postpartum maternal mental health and infant outcomes. In the current study, we tested 76 mother-infant dyads from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds when infants were 3-months of age. We recorded simultaneous ECG from dyads while baseline EEG was collected from the infant; ECG heart rate variability (HRV) and EEG theta-beta ratio and alpha asymmetry were calculated. Dyadic physiological synchrony was also analyzed to better understand the role of autonomic co-regulation. Results demonstrated that lower maternal HRV was associated with higher self-reported maternal depression and anxiety. Additionally, mothers with lower HRV had infants with lower HRV. Maternal HRV was also associated with higher infant theta-beta ratios, but not alpha asymmetry. Exploratory analyses suggested that for mother-infant dyads with greater physiological synchrony, higher maternal HRV predicted increased infant theta-beta ratio via infant HRV. These findings support a model in which maternal mental health may influence infant neurophysiology via alterations in autonomic stress regulation and dyadic physiological co-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Brandes-Aitken
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
| | - Amy Hume
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Stephen Braren
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Denise Werchan
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maggie Zhang
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Natalie H Brito
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
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Nyamathi AM, Salem BE, Gelberg L, Garfin DR, Wolitsky-Taylor K, Shin SS, Yu Z, Hudson A, Yadav K, Clarke R, Alikhani M, van Cise E, Lee D. Pilot randomized controlled trial of biofeedback on reducing psychological and physiological stress among persons experiencing homelessness. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3366. [PMID: 38146789 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
People experiencing homelessness report increased exposure to traumatic life events and higher rates of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder as compared with the general population. Heart rate variability-biofeedback (HRV-BF) has been shown to decrease symptoms of stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD. However, HRV-BF has not been tested with the most vulnerable of populations, homeless adults. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the effectiveness of an HRV-BF intervention versus a Health Promotion (HP) active control intervention focused on improving mental health symptoms among homeless adults. Guided by a community advisory board, homeless adults residing in Skid Row, Los Angeles (n = 40) were randomized to either the HRV-BF or an active HP control group and received eight weekly, 30-min sessions over two months, delivered by a nurse-led community health worker team. Dependent variables of HRV, mental health, anxiety, depression, and PTSD were measured at baseline, the 8-week session, and/or 2-month follow-up. All intervention sessions were completed by 90% (36/40) of participants. Both the HRV-BF and HP interventions showed significant increases in HRV from baseline to 2-month follow-up, with no significant difference between the intervention groups. The HRV-BF programme revealed a somewhat greater, although non-significant, improvement in anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms than the HP programme. The usefulness of both interventions, focused on emotional and physical health, warrants future studies to examine the value of a combined HRV-BF and HP intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline M Nyamathi
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Benissa E Salem
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lillian Gelberg
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dana Rose Garfin
- Community Health Sciences/Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kate Wolitsky-Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sanghyuk S Shin
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Yu
- Department of Statistics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Kartik Yadav
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Richard Clarke
- Office of Research, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mitra Alikhani
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Darlene Lee
- Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Chiang JK, Lin YC, Hung TY, Kao HH, Kao YH. The Impact on Autonomic Nervous System Activity during and Following Exercise in Adults: A Meta-Regression Study and Trial Sequential Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1223. [PMID: 39202504 PMCID: PMC11356649 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Exercise enhances cardiovascular health through various mechanisms, including the modulation of autonomic nervous system activity. This study aimed to systematically examine the impact of exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) in adults during and within one hour after exercise (WHAE). Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed databases to identify published studies that reported the impact of exercise on autonomic nervous system activity in adults. The studies measured the absolute power of the low-frequency band (0.04-0.15 Hz) to the absolute power of the high-frequency band (0.015-0.4 Hz) (LF/HF ratio) to assess sympathetic activity and the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD) to assess parasympathetic activity. Results: A total of 3329 studies were screened for relevance, and finally, 10 articles that utilized methods for measuring autonomic nervous system activity, such as the LF/HF ratio and RMSSD, covering 292 adult patients, were included for meta-analysis. In the current meta-analysis, we observed a significant decrease in parasympathetic activity during and after exercise, as indicated by RMSSD, compared to pre-exercise levels (mean difference [MD] = -4.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.00 to -1.91, p = 0.003). However, sympathetic activity after exercise, represented by the LF/HF ratio, showed a borderline significant increase compared to pre-exercise levels (MD = 1.06, 95% CI: -0.01 to 2.12, p = 0.052). The meta-regression model found that factors associated with RMSSD included mean age, male gender, and duration post-exercise. Additionally, the factor associated with the LF/HF ratio was the healthy condition of participants. The trial sequential analysis provided robust evidence of a decrease in RMSSD and an increase in the LF/HF ratio during and WHAE. Conclusions: Given the limitations of the current study, the findings suggest that a significant decrease in parasympathetic activity and a borderline significant increase in sympathetic activity in adults during and WHAE, as confirmed by trial sequential analysis. Meta-regression analysis indicated that parasympathetic activity was negatively associated with participant age and male gender, but positively associated with duration post-exercise. Additionally, increased sympathetic activity was linked to the healthy conditions of participants. This study suggests that exercise might differentially affect autonomic balance in individuals with chronic conditions compared to healthy individuals. This highlights the potential need for tailored exercise interventions to improve autonomic function across different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Kun Chiang
- Department of Family Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Minsheng Road, Dalin, Chiayi 622, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Chang Lin
- Nature Dental Clinic, Puli Township, Nantou 545, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Tzu-Ying Hung
- Nature Dental Clinic, Puli Township, Nantou 545, Taiwan; (Y.-C.L.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Hsueh-Hsin Kao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Hsin Kao
- Department of Family Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), 670 Chung-Te Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Chapman CL, Schafer EA, Potter AW, Lavoie EM, Roberts BM, Castellani JW, Friedl KE, Looney DP. Day-to-day reliability of basal heart rate and short-term and ultra short-term heart rate variability assessment by the Equivital eq02+ LifeMonitor in US Army soldiers. BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002687. [PMID: 39004444 DOI: 10.1136/military-2024-002687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study determined the (1) day-to-day reliability of basal heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) measured by the Equivital eq02+ LifeMonitor and (2) agreement of ultra short-term HRV compared with short-term HRV. METHODS Twenty-three active-duty US Army Soldiers (5 females, 18 males) completed two experimental visits separated by >48 hours with restrictions consistent with basal monitoring (eg, exercise, dietary), with measurements after supine rest at minutes 20-21 (ultra short-term) and minutes 20-25 (short-term). HRV was assessed as the SD of R-R intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean squared differences between consecutive R-R intervals (RMSSD). RESULTS The day-to-day reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) using linear-mixed model approach was good for HR (0.849, 95% CI: 0.689 to 0.933) and RMSSD (ICC: 0.823, 95% CI: 0.623 to 0.920). SDNN had moderate day-to-day reliability with greater variation (ICC: 0.689, 95% CI: 0.428 to 0.858). The reliability of RMSSD was slightly improved when considering the effect of respiration (ICC: 0.821, 95% CI: 0.672 to 0.944). There was no bias for HR measured for 1 min versus 5 min (p=0.511). For 1 min measurements versus 5 min, there was a very modest mean bias of -4 ms for SDNN and -1 ms for RMSSD (p≤0.023). CONCLUSION When preceded by a 20 min stabilisation period using restrictions consistent with basal monitoring and measuring respiration, military personnel can rely on the eq02+ for basal HR and RMSSD monitoring but should be more cautious using SDNN. These data also support using ultra short-term measurements when following these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Chapman
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - E A Schafer
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - A W Potter
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E M Lavoie
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - B M Roberts
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J W Castellani
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K E Friedl
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D P Looney
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
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Venn R, Northey JM, Naumovski N, McKune A. Reliability of an "At-Home" Method for Monitoring Resting and Reactive Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Children: A Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:835. [PMID: 39062284 PMCID: PMC11275235 DOI: 10.3390/children11070835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV), an index of the functional status of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), provides an opportunity for early detection of ANS dysfunction. Lower resting, vagally related HRV parameters are associated with increased risk of physical and mental illness. External factors influencing the ANS, such as the testing environment, may impact the interpretation of HRV. This study's main aim was to determine the reliability of HRV resting and reactivity tests performed at home with children aged 4-9 years. METHODS Fourteen healthy children (female n = 8) aged 6.8 ± 1.5 years participated. Two HRV tests were performed at home via online supervision 7 days apart using a Polar H10 heart rate monitor. The absolute and relative reliability of the pre-exercise resting (5 min) and sub-maximal exercise step test recovery (4 × 30 s segments) HRV time and frequency domains were calculated. RESULTS The Pearson correlation coefficients for day 1 versus day 7 for the vagal activity HRV domains (RMSSD log) at rest and in the first 30 s and 30-60 s of recovery indicated good-to-excellent relative reliability (r > 0.8, p < 0.01). Absolute reliability was moderate for the resting RMSSD log, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 5.2% (90% CI: 3.9, 7.8%), high for the first 30 s of standing recovery, with a CV of 10.7% (90% CI: 8.2, 15.7%), and moderate for 30-60 s of recovery, with a CV of 8.7% (90% CI: 6.6, 12.9%). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this pilot study indicate that the resting and exercise recovery HRV measures of vagal activity can be measured reliably at home in children. This represents a novel "at-home" protocol for monitoring ANS health and development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Venn
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.N.); (N.N.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Joseph M. Northey
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.N.); (N.N.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.N.); (N.N.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Ngunnawal Land, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Kallithea, Attica, Greece
| | - Andrew McKune
- School of Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia; (R.V.); (J.M.N.); (N.N.)
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Ngunnawal Land, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban 3629, South Africa
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Stoupi NA, Weijs ML, Imbach L, Lenggenhager B. Heartbeat-evoked potentials following voluntary hyperventilation in epilepsy patients: respiratory influences on cardiac interoception. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1391437. [PMID: 39035777 PMCID: PMC11259972 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1391437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Current evidence indicates a modulating role of respiratory processes in cardiac interoception, yet whether altered breathing patterns influence heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEP) remains inconclusive. Methods Here, we examined the effects of voluntary hyperventilation (VH) as part of a clinical routine examination on scalp-recorded HEPs in epilepsy patients (N = 80). Results Using cluster-based permutation analyses, HEP amplitudes were compared across pre-VH and post-VH conditions within young and elderly subgroups, as well as for the total sample. No differences in the HEP were detected for younger participants or across the full sample, while an increased late HEP during pre-VH compared to post-VH was fond in the senior group, denoting decreased cardiac interoceptive processing after hyperventilation. Discussion The present study, thus, provides initial evidence of breathing-related HEP modulations in elderly epilepsy patients, emphasizing the potential of HEP as an interoceptive neural marker that could partially extend to the representation of pulmonary signaling. We speculate that aberrant CO2-chemosensing, coupled with disturbances in autonomic regulation, might constitute the underlying pathophysiological mechanism behind the obtained effect. Available databases involving patient records of routine VH assessment may constitute a valuable asset in disentangling the interplay of cardiac and ventilatory interoceptive information in various patient groups, providing thorough clinical data to parse, as well as increased statistical power and estimates of effects with higher precision through large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niovi A Stoupi
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marieke L Weijs
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Imbach
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Epilepsy Center, Klinik Lengg, Zürich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Ralph-Nearman C, Osborn KD, Chang RS, Barber KE. Momentary physiological indices related to eating disorders: A systematic and methodological review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2024; 32:700-717. [PMID: 38446505 PMCID: PMC11144111 DOI: 10.1002/erv.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Eating disorders (ED) are serious psychiatric illnesses, with no everyday support to intervene on the high rates of relapse. Understanding physiological indices that can be measured by wearable sensor technologies may provide new momentary interventions for individuals with ED. This systematic review, searching large databases, synthesises studies investigating peripheral physiological (PP) indices commonly included in wearable wristbands (heart rate [HR], heart rate variability [HRV], electrodermal activity [EDA], peripheral skin temperature [PST], and acceleration) in ED. Inclusion criteria included: (a) full peer-reviewed empirical articles in English; (b) human participants with active ED; and (c) containing one of five wearable physiological measures. Kmet risk of bias was assessed. Ninety-four studies were included (Anorexia nervosa [AN; N = 4418], bulimia nervosa [BN; N = 916], binge eating disorder [BED; N = 1604], other specified feeding and eating disorders [OSFED; N = 424], and transdiagnostic [N = 47]). Participants with AN displayed lower HR and EDA and higher HRV compared to healthy individuals. Those with BN showed higher HRV, and lower EDA and PST compared to healthy individuals. Other ED and Transdiagnostic samples showed mixed results. PP differences are indicated through various assessments in ED, which may suggest diagnostic associations, although more studies are needed to validate observed patterns. Results suggest important therapeutic potential for PP in ED, and larger studies including diverse participants and diagnostic groups are needed to fully uncover their role in ED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly D. Osborn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky
- School of Community Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Rose Seoyoung Chang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kathryn E. Barber
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Psychology, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Mastromatteo LY, Girardi P, Miller JG, Scrimin S. Moderate cardiac vagal tone is associated with more cooperation in children. Int J Psychophysiol 2024; 201:112371. [PMID: 38810838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Childhood is a crucial period for prosocial development, including cooperative behaviors. Recent studies have shown a quadratic relation (inverted U-shape curve) between cardiac vagal tone (CVT) and various prosocial emotions and behaviors in children, but data are lacking on cooperative behaviors. In a sample of 111 school-aged children (M = 7.77; SD = 1.24, range: 6-11), we tested the association between the root mean square of successive differences in interbeat intervals (RMSSD) at rest, and cooperative behavior in a task designed to be comparable to a stag hunt game. We found evidence for an association between RMSSD and cooperation that follows an inverted U-shape. In addition, older children were more likely to cooperate than younger children. Lastly, we found an interaction between RMSSD and age such that the association between RMSSD and cooperation behavior was present for younger but not older children. In addition, we proposed an extension of the Johnson-Neyman test to assess the significant region of interaction between age and the linear and quadratic RMSSD. These results add to a growing literature suggesting that moderate RMSSD is associated with greater prosocial behavior and provide novel evidence that this association extends to children's cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Italy
| | - Jonas G Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sara Scrimin
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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12
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MacDonald C, Ilie G, Kephart G, Rendon R, Mason R, Bailly G, Bell D, Patil N, Bowes D, Wilke D, Kokorovic A, Rutledge RDH. Mediating Effects of Self-Efficacy and Illness Perceptions on Mental Health in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the Prostate Cancer Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP) Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2352. [PMID: 39001414 PMCID: PMC11240715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding how interventions reduce psychological distress in patients with prostate cancer is crucial for improving patient care. This study examined the roles of self-efficacy, illness perceptions, and heart rhythm coherence in mediating the effects of the Prostate Cancer Patient Empowerment Program (PC-PEP) on psychological distress compared to standard care. In a randomized controlled trial, 128 patients were assigned to either the PC-PEP intervention or standard care. The PC-PEP, a six-month program emphasizing daily healthy living habits, included relaxation and stress management, diet, exercise, pelvic floor muscle exercises, and strategies to improve relationships and intimacy, with daily activities supported by online resources and live sessions. Participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in self-efficacy and specific illness perceptions, such as personal control and emotional response, compared to the control group. These factors mediated the relationship between the intervention and its psychological benefits, with self-efficacy accounting for 52% of the reduction in psychological distress. No significant differences in heart rhythm coherence were observed. This study highlights the critical role of self-efficacy and illness perceptions in enhancing psychological health in prostate cancer patients through the PC-PEP. The results underscore this program's effectiveness and the key mechanisms through which it operates. Given the high rates of distress among men undergoing prostate cancer treatments, these findings emphasize the importance of integrating the PC-PEP into clinical practice. The implementation of the PC-PEP in clinical settings can provide a structured approach to reducing psychological distress and improving overall patient well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody MacDonald
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Gabriela Ilie
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - George Kephart
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Ricardo Rendon
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Ross Mason
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Greg Bailly
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - David Bell
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Nikhilesh Patil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - David Bowes
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Derek Wilke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
| | - Andrea Kokorovic
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Robert D H Rutledge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1V7, Canada
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13
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Benghanem S, Sharshar T, Gavaret M, Dumas F, Diehl JL, Brechot N, Picard F, Candia-Rivera D, Le MP, Pène F, Cariou A, Hermann B. Heart rate variability for neuro-prognostication after CA: Insight from the Parisian registry. Resuscitation 2024:110294. [PMID: 38925291 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic ischemic brain injury (HIBI) induced by cardiac arrest (CA) seems to predominate in cortical areas and to a lesser extent in the brainstem. These regions play key roles in modulating the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), that can be assessed through analyses of heart rate variability (HRV). The objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of various HRV parameters to predict neurological outcome after CA. METHODS Retrospective monocentric study assessing the prognostic value of HRV markers and their association with HIBI severity. Patients admitted for CA who underwent EEG for persistent coma after CA were included. HRV markers were computed from 5 min signal of the ECG lead of the EEG recording. HRV indices were calculated in the time-, frequency-, and non-linear domains. Frequency-domain analyses differentiated very low frequency (VLF 0.003-0.04 Hz), low frequency (LF 0.04-0.15 Hz), high frequency (HF 0.15-0.4 Hz), and LF/HF ratio. HRV indices were compared to other prognostic markers: pupillary light reflex, EEG, N20 on somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) and biomarkers (neuron specific enolase-NSE). Neurological outcome at 3 months was defined as unfavorable in case of best CPC 3-4-5. RESULTS Between 2007 and 2021, 199 patients were included. Patients were predominantly male (64%), with a median age of 60 [48.9-71.7] years. 76% were out-of-hospital CA, and 30% had an initial shockable rhythm. Neurological outcome was unfavorable in 73%. Compared to poor outcome, patients with a good outcome had higher VLF (0.21 vs 0.09 ms2/Hz, p < 0.01), LF (0.07 vs 0.04 ms2/Hz, p = 0.003), and higher LF/HF ratio (2.01 vs 1.01, p = 0.008). Several non-linear domain indices were also higher in the good outcome group, such as SD2 (15.1 vs 10.2, p = 0.016) and DFA α1 (1.03 vs 0.78, p = 0.002). These indices also differed depending on the severity of EEG pattern and abolition of pupillary light reflex. These time-frequency and non-linear domains HRV parameters were predictive of poor neurological outcome, with high specificity despite a low sensitivity. CONCLUSION In comatose patients after CA, some HRV markers appear to be associated with unfavorable outcome, EEG severity and PLR abolition, although the sensitivity of these HRV markers remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Benghanem
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, APHP.Paris Centre, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, Medical School, Paris F-75006, France; INSERM 1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris (IPNP), INSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France.
| | - Tarek Sharshar
- University Paris Cité, Medical School, Paris F-75006, France; INSERM 1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris (IPNP), INSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France; Neuro-ICU, GHU Paris Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Martine Gavaret
- University Paris Cité, Medical School, Paris F-75006, France; INSERM 1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris (IPNP), INSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France; Neurophysiology and Epileptology Department, GHU Paris Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - Florence Dumas
- University Paris Cité, Medical School, Paris F-75006, France; Emergency Department, APHP.Paris Centre, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Diehl
- University Paris Cité, Medical School, Paris F-75006, France; Medical ICU, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Nicolas Brechot
- University Paris Cité, Medical School, Paris F-75006, France; Medical ICU, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, Paris F-75015, France
| | - Fabien Picard
- University Paris Cité, Medical School, Paris F-75006, France; Cardiology Department, APHP.Paris Centre, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Diego Candia-Rivera
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Minh-Pierre Le
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, APHP.Paris Centre, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Frederic Pène
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, APHP.Paris Centre, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, Medical School, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Alain Cariou
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, APHP.Paris Centre, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, Medical School, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Bertrand Hermann
- University Paris Cité, Medical School, Paris F-75006, France; INSERM 1266, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris (IPNP), INSERM UMR 1266, Paris, France; Medical ICU, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, Paris F-75015, France
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14
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Frasier RM, Sergio TDO, Starski PA, Hopf FW. Heart rate variability: A primer for alcohol researchers. Alcohol 2024; 120:41-50. [PMID: 38906390 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Problem alcohol drinking remains a major cost and burden for society. Also, rates of problem drinking in women have dramatically increased in recent decades, and women are at risk for more alcohol problems and comorbidities. The purpose of this commentary is to discuss the potential utility of cardiac measures, including heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV), as markers of individual and sex differences in the drive to drink alcohol. We recently used cardiac telemetry in female and male adult rats to determine whether different cardiac markers, including HR and HRV, would differently predict alcohol and anxiety-like behavior across the sexes. Indeed, female behaviors related to HRV measures that indicate more parasympathetic (PNS) influence (the "rest and digest" system). In contrast, male behaviors are associated more with sympathetic (SNS) indicators (the activation system). Remarkably, similar sex differences in PNS versus SNS engagement under challenge are seen in several human studies, suggesting strong cross-species convergence in differential autonomic regulation in females and males. Here, we describe the larger challenges that alcohol addiction presents, and how HRV measures may provide new biomarkers to help enhance development of more individualized and sex-specific treatments. We briefly explain the physiological systems underlying cardiac PNS and SNS states, and how specific HRV metrics are defined and validated, especially why particular HRV measures are considered to reflect more PNS versus SNS influence. Finally, we describe hormonal influences and sex differences in brain circuits related to cardiac autonomic regulation. Together, these findings show that HR and HRV have potential for uncovering key underlying mechanisms of sex and individual differences in autonomic drivers, which could guide more personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raizel M Frasier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thatiane de Oliveira Sergio
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Phillip A Starski
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - F Woodward Hopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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15
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Chand K, Chandra S, Dutt V. A comprehensive evaluation of linear and non-linear HRV parameters between paced breathing and stressful mental state. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32195. [PMID: 38873683 PMCID: PMC11170182 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is a crucial metric that provides valuable insight into the balance between relaxation and stress. Previous research has shown that most HRV parameters improve during periods of mental relaxation, while decreasing during tasks involving cognitive workload. Although a comprehensive analysis of both linear and non-linear HRV parameters has been carried out in existing literature, there still exists a need for further research in this area. Additionally, limited knowledge exists regarding how specific interventions may influence the interpretation of these parameters and how the different parameters correlate under different interventions. This study aims to address these gaps by conducting a thorough comparison of different linear and non-linear HRV parameters under mentally relaxed versus stressful states. Methodology Participants were randomly and equally divided among two between-subjects groups: relaxed-stress (RS) (N = 22) and stress-relaxed (SR) (N = 22). In the RS group, a paced breathing task was given for 5 min to create relaxation, and was followed by a 5-min time-based mental calculation task to create stress. In the SR group, the order of the stress and relaxed tasks was reversed. There was a washout period of 15 min after the first task in both groups. Results Of the 37 HRV parameters, 33 differed significantly between the two interventions. The majority of the parameters exhibited an improving and degrading tendency of HRV parameters in the relaxed and stressed states, respectively. The correlation of the majority of HRV parameters decreases during stress, while prominent time domain and geometric domain parameters stand out in the correlation. Conclusion Overall, HRV parameters can be reliably used to assess a person's relaxed and stressed mental states during paced breathing and mental arithmetic task respectively. Furthermore, non-linear HRV parameters provide accurate estimators of the mental state, in addition to the commonly used linear parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulbhushan Chand
- IIT Mandi iHub and HCi Foundation, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, HP, India , 175005
| | - Shilpa Chandra
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, HP, India , 175005
| | - Varun Dutt
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, HP, India , 175005
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16
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Battaglia S, Nazzi C, Lonsdorf TB, Thayer JF. Neuropsychobiology of fear-induced bradycardia in humans: progress and pitfalls. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02600-x. [PMID: 38862673 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
In the last century, the paradigm of fear conditioning has greatly evolved in a variety of scientific fields. The techniques, protocols, and analysis methods now most used have undergone a progressive development, theoretical and technological, improving the quality of scientific productions. Fear-induced bradycardia is among these techniques and represents the temporary deceleration of heart beats in response to negative outcomes. However, it has often been used as a secondary measure to assess defensive responding to threat, along other more popular techniques. In this review, we aim at paving the road for its employment as an additional tool in fear conditioning experiments in humans. After an overview of the studies carried out throughout the last century, we describe more recent evidence up to the most contemporary research insights. Lastly, we provide some guidelines concerning the best practices to adopt in human fear conditioning studies which aim to investigate fear-induced bradycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Nazzi
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tina B Lonsdorf
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Section for Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, 4201 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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17
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Seppälä P, Harju L, Virkkala J, Hakanen JJ. Is boredom at work bad for your health? Examining the links between job boredom and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3326. [PMID: 37837296 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Job boredom refers to an unpleasant state of passiveness at work that has been found to negatively relate to self-reported health. To date, however, the relation between job boredom and physiological indicators of health has not been examined. The present study investigates whether job boredom relates to dysfunction in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity as indicated by reduced heart rate variability (HRV) during night sleep. The sample of this study consisted of Finnish public sector workers (n = 125). Job boredom was assessed with an electronic questionnaire and HRV with an ambulatory monitoring period of two nights of sleep. The results supported the hypothesis by showing a negative relation between job boredom and HRV, after controlling for demographic and lifestyle factors. The findings extend previous knowledge on the detrimental consequences of job boredom by showing that it is related to dysfunction in ANS activity. Consequently, it is important to acknowledge boredom at work as a threat to occupational health and well-being and pay more attention to how it can be prevented at workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piia Seppälä
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Virkkala
- Department of Neurophysiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari J Hakanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Attreed A, Morand LR, Pond DC, Sturmberg JP. The Clinical Role of Heart Rate Variability Assessment in Cognitively Impaired Patients and Its Applicability in Community Care Settings: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e61703. [PMID: 38975380 PMCID: PMC11226213 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) correlates well with a person's overall physiological function. Clinically, HRV is successfully used in acute care to identify impending infections, but little is known about its potential in the management of chronic diseases like cognitive decline/dementia. The aim of this study was to identify the best available knowledge about HRV in cognitively impaired populations that might be applied to improve clinical practice in community settings. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases published from January 2009 to August 2022. Eligible studies were selected using Covidence and each study underwent qualitative assessment using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. At each stage of selection, each study was reviewed independently by two members of the team, and any disputes were discussed along the way. The literature identified that the brain regions controlling HRV are also those affected by dementias of Alzheimer's type (AD) and Lewy body types (DLB). HRV was impaired in both types, with DLB showing greater impairment in all HRV parameters compared to AD. No studies explored the temporal changes of HRV or its use in the clinical management of people with cognitive impairment (CI). The current lack of standardization of HRV recording and analysis limits its use in clinical practice. HRV may emerge as a potentially useful tool to identify people with early/preclinical memory impairment and help to differentiate AD from DLB. Longitudinal HRV measurement is emerging as a useful way to monitor disease progression and treatment response, and continuous HRV measurement may prove useful in the early identification of sepsis and its complications in patients no longer able to communicate their illness experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Attreed
- General Medicine, Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, AUS
| | - Louisa R Morand
- General Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, AUS
| | - Dimity C Pond
- General Practice, Wicking Dementia Research and Training Centre, Hobart, AUS
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19
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Mensinger JL, Weissinger GM, Cantrell MA, Baskin R, George C. A Pilot Feasibility Evaluation of a Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback App to Improve Self-Care in COVID-19 Healthcare Workers. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:241-259. [PMID: 38502516 PMCID: PMC11101559 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-024-09621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 exacerbated burnout and mental health concerns among the healthcare workforce. Due to high work stress, demanding schedules made attuned eating behaviors a particularly challenging aspect of self-care for healthcare workers. This study aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) mobile app for improving well-being among healthcare workers reporting elevated disordered eating during COVID-19. We conducted a mixed methods pre-mid-post single-arm pilot feasibility trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04921228). Deductive content analysis of participants' commentary generated qualitative themes. Linear mixed models were used to examine changes in pre- mid- to post-assessment scores on well-being outcomes. We consented 28 healthcare workers (25/89% female; 23/82% Non-Hispanic White; 22/79% nurses) to use and evaluate an HRVB mobile app. Of these, 25/89% fully enrolled by attending the app and device training; 23/82% were engaged in all elements of the protocol. Thirteen (52%) completed at least 10 min of HRVB on two-thirds or more study days. Most participants (18/75%) reported being likely or extremely likely to continue HRVB. Common barriers to engagement were busy schedules, fatigue, and technology difficulties. However, participants felt that HRVB helped them relax and connect better to their body's signals and experiences. Results suggested preliminary evidence of efficacy for improving interoceptive sensibility, mindful self-care, body appreciation, intuitive eating, stress, resilience, and disordered eating. HRVB has potential as a low-cost adjunct tool for enhancing well-being in healthcare workers through positively connecting to the body, especially during times of increased stress when attuned eating behavior becomes difficult to uphold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janell L Mensinger
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, College of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Ave, 1073 Maltz, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA.
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA.
| | - Guy M Weissinger
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Cantrell
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Baskin
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - Cerena George
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
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20
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Becker AS, van der Valk Bouman ES, Schaap J, de Vos CC, van Eijck K, Jeekel H, Klimek M. A multidisciplinary approach on music induced-analgesia differentiated by socio-cultural background in healthy volunteers (MOSART): A cross-over randomized controlled trial protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2024; 39:101313. [PMID: 38881543 PMCID: PMC11179059 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Integrating music into pain treatment demonstrates significant benefits, effectively reducing subjective pain levels and perioperative opioid requirements. Currently, the relationship between the impact of specific types of music and listeners' socio-cultural background is still unclear. This is especially relevant given that sociological research indicates that these factors can have a notable influence on music preference and perception. Current evidence suggests that individuals who choose their own music may experience greater benefits. However, additional research is needed to comprehensively grasp whether the effect of (preferred) music on pain endurance remains consistent across different socio-cultural backgrounds. Methods In this study, a collaborative effort between medical and sociological researchers aims to investigate music-induced analgesia differentiated by socio-cultural background in healthy volunteers. Participants (n = 84) will listen to self-, and researcher-chosen music and a podcast as a control condition in a cross-over study design. The primary outcome of this study is pain endurance measured by electric stimuli of increasing intensity. Detailed sociological validated questionnaires will be utilized. Considering the notable influence of educational level on music taste formation found in previous research and its crucial role as a source of socio-cultural differentiation, participants will be stratified based on their level of education. Discussion This experimental study represents one of the first efforts to gain a socio-culturally differentiated understanding of the therapeutic potential of music. Consequently, this could pave the way to purposefully and inclusively implement personalized music in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia S Becker
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Julian Schaap
- Department of Arts and Culture Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cecile C de Vos
- Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen van Eijck
- Department of Arts and Culture Studies, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Jeekel
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Klimek
- Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Chien TJ, Huang YS, Liao LL, Chu CC, Pai JH. Head-to-Head Comparison of Electroacupuncture and Laser Acupuncture Effects on Autonomic Regulation and Clinical Effects in Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:560-575. [PMID: 38364185 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Electroacupuncture (EA) has been applied in dysmenorrhea and has shown good efficacy. The mechanisms of EA are associated with autonomic nervous system adjustments and neuroendocrine regulation. Laser acupuncture (LA), however, has been widely investigated for its noninvasiveness. However, it remains uncertain whether LA is as effective as EA. This study aimed to compare EA and LA head to head in dysmenorrhea. Methods: A crossover, randomized clinical trial was conducted. EA or LA was applied to selected acupuncture points. Participants were randomized into two sequence treatment groups who received either EA or LA twice per week in luteal phase for 3 months followed by 2-month washout, then shifted to other groups (sequence 1: EA > LA; sequence 2: LA > EA). Outcome measures were heart rate variability (HRV), prostaglandins (PGs), pain, and quality-of-life (QoL) assessment (QoL-SF12). We also compared the effect of EA and LA in low and high LF/HF (low frequency/high frequency) status. Results: Totally, 43 participants completed all treatments. Both EA and LA significantly improved HRV activity and were effective in reducing pain (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]; EA: p < 0.001 and LA: p = 0.010) and improving QoL (SF12: EA: p < 0.001, LA, p = 0.017); although without intergroup difference. EA reduced PGs significantly (p < 0.001; δ p = 0.068). In low LF/HF, EA had stronger effects than LA in increasing parasympathetic tone in respect of percentage of successive RR intervals that differ by more than 50 ms (pNN50; p = 0.053) and very low-frequency band (VLF; p = 0.035). Conclusion: There is no significant difference between EA and LA in improving autonomic nervous system dysfunction, pain, and QoL in dysmenorrhea. EA is prominent in PGs changing and preserving vagus tone in low LF/HF; yet LA is noninvasive for those who have needle phobia. Whether LA is equivalent with EA and the mechanism warrants further study. Clinical trial identification number: NCT04178226.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Ju Chien
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Branch of Zhong-Zhou, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuo Huang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Branch of Yang-Ming, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Lan Liao
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Branch of Kunming, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Chu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Branch of Yang-Ming, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Juo-Hsiang Pai
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Branch of Zhong-Zhou, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Quirin M, Malekzad F, Jais M, Kehr H, Ennis M. Heart rate variability and psychological health: The key role of trait emotional awareness. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104252. [PMID: 38677024 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that Trait Emotional Awareness (TEA) - the ability to recognize one's emotions - and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) are both negatively associated with psychological disorders. Although these studies imply that TEA is related to HRV and may explain the association between HRV and psychological disorders, there is limited research investigating this implication. Such investigation is essential to illuminate the psychophysiological processes linked to psychological disorders. The present study aims to investigate a) the association between TEA and HRV, b) the association between HRV and psychological disorders, and c) whether TEA explains the association between HRV and psychological disorders. A sample of 41 German students completed self-report questionnaires as indicators of psychological disorders, including the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; Snaith & Zigmond, 1983) for anxiousness and depressiveness, as well as the somatization scale of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL; Derogatis et al., 1976) for physical complaints. HRV was measured at baseline (resting HRV) and during exposure to a fear-provoking movie clip (reactive HRV). As hypothesized, a) TEA showed a positive association with reactive HRV, b) HRV showed negative associations with anxiousness and physical complaints, and c) TEA explained the relationships between reactive HRV and anxiousness, as well as physical complaints. Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find any association between HRV and depressiveness. We discussed the contribution of TEA to psychophysiological health, limited generalizability of the current study, and direct future research to explore the underlying mechanisms linking TEA to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Quirin
- Technical University of Munich, Germany; PFH Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Farhood Malekzad
- Technical University of Munich, Germany; PFH Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Hugo Kehr
- Technical University of Munich, Germany.
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23
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Bahameish M, Stockman T. Short-Term Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Working Memory. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:219-231. [PMID: 38366274 PMCID: PMC11101506 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-024-09624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Drawing upon the well-documented impact of long-term heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) on psychophysiological responses, this study seeks to explore the short-term effects arising from a single HRVB session during and after paced breathing exercise. The research aligns with the neurovisceral integration model, emphasizing the link between heart rate variability (HRV) levels and cognitive performance. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial employing a between-subjects design was conducted with 38 participants. Each participant was assigned to either the paced breathing intervention group or the spontaneous breathing control group. The study assessed various parameters such as cardiac vagal tone, evaluated through vagally mediated HRV measures, and working memory, measured using the N-back task. Additionally, participants' affective states were assessed through self-reported questionnaires, specifically targeting attentiveness, fatigue, and serenity. The results notably reveal enhancements in the working memory task and an elevated state of relaxation and attention following the HRVB session, as evidenced by higher averages of correct responses, serenity and attentiveness scores. However, the findings suggest that this observed improvement is not influenced by changes in cardiac vagal tone, as assessed using a simple mediation analysis. In conclusion, this study presents promising insights into the impact of a single HRVB session, laying the foundation for future research advancements in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Bahameish
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Tony Stockman
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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24
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Jo YT, Lee SW, Park S, Lee J. Association between heart rate variability metrics from a smartwatch and self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms: a four-week longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1371946. [PMID: 38881544 PMCID: PMC11176536 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1371946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Elucidating the association between heart rate variability (HRV) metrics obtained through non-invasive methods and mental health symptoms could provide an accessible approach to mental health monitoring. This study explores the correlation between HRV, estimated using photoplethysmography (PPG) signals, and self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods A 4-week longitudinal study was conducted among 47 participants. Time-domain and frequency-domain HRV metrics were derived from PPG signals collected via smartwatches. Mental health symptoms were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) at baseline, week 2, and week 4. Results Among the investigated HRV metrics, RMSSD, SDNN, SDSD, LF, and the LF/HF ratio were significantly associated with the PHQ-9 score, although the number of significant correlations was relatively small. Furthermore, only SDNN, SDSD and LF showed significant correlations with the GAD-7 score. All HRV metrics showed negative correlations with self-reported clinical symptoms. Conclusions Our findings indicate the potential of PPG-derived HRV metrics in monitoring mental health, thereby providing a foundation for further research. Notably, parasympathetically biased HRV metrics showed weaker correlations with depression and anxiety scores. Future studies should validate these findings in clinically diagnosed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Tak Jo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Park
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Rietz M, Schmidt-Persson J, Gillies Banke Rasmussen M, Overgaard Sørensen S, Rath Mortensen S, Brage S, Lund Kristensen P, Grøntved A, Brønd JC. Facilitating ambulatory heart rate variability analysis using accelerometry-based classifications of body position and self-reported sleep. Physiol Meas 2024; 45:055016. [PMID: 38684167 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ad450d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective.This study aimed to examine differences in heart rate variability (HRV) across accelerometer-derived position, self-reported sleep, and different summary measures (sleep, 24 h HRV) in free-living settings using open-source methodology.Approach.HRV is a biomarker of autonomic activity. As it is strongly affected by factors such as physical behaviour, stress, and sleep, ambulatory HRV analysis is challenging. Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) and accelerometry data were collected using single-lead electrocardiography and trunk- and thigh-worn accelerometers among 160 adults participating in the SCREENS trial. HR files were processed and analysed in the RHRV R package. Start time and duration spent in physical behaviours were extracted, and time and frequency analysis for each episode was performed. Differences in HRV estimates across activities were compared using linear mixed models adjusted for age and sex with subject ID as random effect. Next, repeated-measures Bland-Altman analysis was used to compare 24 h RMSSD estimates to HRV during self-reported sleep. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the accuracy of the methodology, and the approach of employing accelerometer-determined episodes to examine activity-independent HRV was described.Main results.HRV was estimated for 31 289 episodes in 160 individuals (53.1% female) at a mean age of 41.4 years. Significant differences in HR and most markers of HRV were found across positions [Mean differences RMSSD: Sitting (Reference) - Standing (-2.63 ms) or Lying (4.53 ms)]. Moreover, ambulatory HRV differed significantly across sleep status, and poor agreement between 24 h estimates compared to sleep HRV was detected. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that removing the first and last 30 s of accelerometry-determined HR episodes was an accurate strategy to account for orthostatic effects.Significance.Ambulatory HRV differed significantly across accelerometry-assigned positions and sleep. The proposed approach for free-living HRV analysis may be an effective strategy to remove confounding by physical activity when the aim is to monitor general autonomic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rietz
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Schmidt-Persson
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Applied Research in Child and Adult Health, Department of Midwifery, Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, and Psychomotor Therapy, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Gillies Banke Rasmussen
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sarah Overgaard Sørensen
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sofie Rath Mortensen
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Naestved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Søren Brage
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Lund Kristensen
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Center for Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
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26
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Kiselev AR, Mureeva EN, Skazkina VV, Panina OS, Karavaev AS, Chernenkov YV. Full-Term and Preterm Newborns Differ More Significantly in Photoplethysmographic Waveform Variability than Heart Rate Variability. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:675. [PMID: 38929659 PMCID: PMC11204696 DOI: 10.3390/life14060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Features of cardiovascular autonomic regulation in infants are poorly studied compared with adults. However, the clinical significance of autonomic dysfunction in infants is very high. The goal of our research was to study the temporal and frequency-dependent features, as well as low-frequency synchronization in cardiovascular autonomic regulation in full-term vs. preterm newborns, based on the analysis of their heart rate variability (HRV) and photoplethysmographic waveform variability (PPGV). METHODS The study included three groups of newborns: 64 full-term newborns (with a gestational age at birth of 37-40 weeks) with a physiological course of the neonatal adaptation; 23 full-term newborns (with a gestational age at birth of 37-40 weeks) with a pathological course of the neonatal adaptation; and 17 preterm newborns (with a postconceptional age of 34 weeks or more). We conducted spectral analysis of HRV and PPGV, along with an assessment of the synchronization strength between low-frequency oscillations in HRV and in PPGV (synchronization index). We employed several options for the boundaries of the high-frequency (HF) band: 0.15-0.40 Hz, 0.2-2 Hz, 0.15-0.8 Hz, and 0.24-1.04 Hz. RESULTS Preterm newborns had higher heart rate, RMSSD, and PNN50 values relative to both groups of full-term newborns. Values of SDNN index and synchronization index (S index) were similar in all groups of newborns. Differences in frequency domain indices of HRV between groups of newborns depended on the considered options of HF band boundaries. Values of frequency domain indices of PPGV demonstrated similar differences between groups, regardless of the boundaries of considered options of HF bands and the location of PPG signal recording (forehead or leg). An increase in sympathetic influences on peripheral blood flow and a decrease in respiratory influences were observed along the following gradient: healthy full-term newborns → preterm newborns → full-term newborns with pathology. CONCLUSIONS Differences in frequency domain indices of autonomic regulation between the studied groups of newborns depended on the boundaries of the considered options of the HF band. Frequency domain indices of PPGV revealed significantly more pronounced differences between groups of newborns than analogous HRV indicators. An increase in sympathetic influences on peripheral blood flow and a decrease in respiratory influences were observed along the following gradient: healthy full-term newborns → preterm newborns → full-term newborns with pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton R. Kiselev
- Coordinating Center for Fundamental Research, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N. Mureeva
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Viktoria V. Skazkina
- Department of Dynamic Modeling and Biomedical Engineering, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga S. Panina
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Anatoly S. Karavaev
- Department of Dynamic Modeling and Biomedical Engineering, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Yuri V. Chernenkov
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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27
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Hennis K, Piantoni C, Biel M, Fenske S, Wahl-Schott C. Pacemaker Channels and the Chronotropic Response in Health and Disease. Circ Res 2024; 134:1348-1378. [PMID: 38723033 PMCID: PMC11081487 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Loss or dysregulation of the normally precise control of heart rate via the autonomic nervous system plays a critical role during the development and progression of cardiovascular disease-including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias. While the clinical significance of regulating changes in heart rate, known as the chronotropic effect, is undeniable, the mechanisms controlling these changes remain not fully understood. Heart rate acceleration and deceleration are mediated by increasing or decreasing the spontaneous firing rate of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node. During the transition from rest to activity, sympathetic neurons stimulate these cells by activating β-adrenergic receptors and increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The same signal transduction pathway is targeted by positive chronotropic drugs such as norepinephrine and dobutamine, which are used in the treatment of cardiogenic shock and severe heart failure. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate-sensitive hyperpolarization-activated current (If) in pacemaker cells is passed by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels and is critical for generating the autonomous heartbeat. In addition, this current has been suggested to play a central role in the chronotropic effect. Recent studies demonstrate that cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent regulation of HCN4 (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel isoform 4) acts to stabilize the heart rate, particularly during rapid rate transitions induced by the autonomic nervous system. The mechanism is based on creating a balance between firing and recently discovered nonfiring pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node. In this way, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels may protect the heart from sinoatrial node dysfunction, secondary arrhythmia of the atria, and potentially fatal tachyarrhythmia of the ventricles. Here, we review the latest findings on sinoatrial node automaticity and discuss the physiological and pathophysiological role of HCN pacemaker channels in the chronotropic response and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Hennis
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center Munich, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (K.H., C.P., C.W.-S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Chiara Piantoni
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center Munich, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (K.H., C.P., C.W.-S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research (M.B., S.F.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.B., S.F.)
| | - Stefanie Fenske
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research (M.B., S.F.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.B., S.F.)
| | - Christian Wahl-Schott
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center Munich, Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine (K.H., C.P., C.W.-S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
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28
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Pétrin R, Bérubé A, St-Pierre É, Blais C. Maternal childhood emotional abuse increases cardiovascular responses to children's emotional facial expressions. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302782. [PMID: 38713700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parents with a history of childhood maltreatment may be more likely to respond inadequately to their child's emotional cues, such as crying or screaming, due to previous exposure to prolonged stress. While studies have investigated parents' physiological reactions to their children's vocal expressions of emotions, less attention has been given to their responses when perceiving children's facial expressions of emotions. The present study aimed to determine if viewing facial expressions of emotions in children induces cardiovascular changes in mothers (hypo- or hyper-arousal) and whether these differ as a function of childhood maltreatment. A total of 104 mothers took part in this study. Their experiences of childhood maltreatment were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Participants' electrocardiogram signals were recorded during a task in which they viewed a landscape video (baseline) and images of children's faces expressing different intensities of emotion. Heart rate variability (HRV) was extracted from the recordings as an indicator of parasympathetic reactivity. Participants presented two profiles: one group of mothers had a decreased HRV when presented with images of children's facial expressions of emotions, while the other group's HRV increased. However, HRV change was not significantly different between the two groups. The interaction between HRV groups and the severity of maltreatment experienced was marginal. Results suggested that experiences of childhood emotional abuse were more common in mothers whose HRV increased during the task. Therefore, more severe childhood experiences of emotional abuse could be associated with mothers' cardiovascular hyperreactivity. Maladaptive cardiovascular responses could have a ripple effect, influencing how mothers react to their children's facial expressions of emotions. That reaction could affect the quality of their interaction with their child. Providing interventions that help parents regulate their physiological and behavioral responses to stress might be helpful, especially if they have experienced childhood maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pétrin
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Bérubé
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Québec, Canada
| | - Émilie St-Pierre
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Québec, Canada
| | - Caroline Blais
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Québec, Canada
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29
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Hirten RP, Danieletto M, Landell K, Zweig M, Golden E, Pyzik R, Kaur S, Chang H, Helmus D, Sands BE, Charney D, Nadkarni G, Bagiella E, Keefer L, Fayad ZA. Remote Short Sessions of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback Monitored With Wearable Technology: Open-Label Prospective Feasibility Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e55552. [PMID: 38663011 PMCID: PMC11082734 DOI: 10.2196/55552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback is often performed with structured education, laboratory-based assessments, and practice sessions. It has been shown to improve psychological and physiological function across populations. However, a means to remotely use and monitor this approach would allow for wider use of this technique. Advancements in wearable and digital technology present an opportunity for the widespread application of this approach. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of fully remote, self-administered short sessions of HRV-directed biofeedback in a diverse population of health care workers (HCWs). The secondary aim was to determine whether a fully remote, HRV-directed biofeedback intervention significantly alters longitudinal HRV over the intervention period, as monitored by wearable devices. The tertiary aim was to estimate the impact of this intervention on metrics of psychological well-being. METHODS To determine whether remotely implemented short sessions of HRV biofeedback can improve autonomic metrics and psychological well-being, we enrolled HCWs across 7 hospitals in New York City in the United States. They downloaded our study app, watched brief educational videos about HRV biofeedback, and used a well-studied HRV biofeedback program remotely through their smartphone. HRV biofeedback sessions were used for 5 minutes per day for 5 weeks. HCWs were then followed for 12 weeks after the intervention period. Psychological measures were obtained over the study period, and they wore an Apple Watch for at least 7 weeks to monitor the circadian features of HRV. RESULTS In total, 127 HCWs were enrolled in the study. Overall, only 21 (16.5%) were at least 50% compliant with the HRV biofeedback intervention, representing a small portion of the total sample. This demonstrates that this study design does not feasibly result in adequate rates of compliance with the intervention. Numerical improvement in psychological metrics was observed over the 17-week study period, although it did not reach statistical significance (all P>.05). Using a mixed effect cosinor model, the mean midline-estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) of the circadian pattern of the SD of the interbeat interval of normal sinus beats (SDNN), an HRV metric, was observed to increase over the first 4 weeks of the biofeedback intervention in HCWs who were at least 50% compliant. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we found that using brief remote HRV biofeedback sessions and monitoring its physiological effect using wearable devices, in the manner that the study was conducted, was not feasible. This is considering the low compliance rates with the study intervention. We found that remote short sessions of HRV biofeedback demonstrate potential promise in improving autonomic nervous function and warrant further study. Wearable devices can monitor the physiological effects of psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Hirten
- The Dr Henry D Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matteo Danieletto
- Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at the Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kyle Landell
- Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at the Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Micol Zweig
- Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at the Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eddye Golden
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at the Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Renata Pyzik
- The BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sparshdeep Kaur
- Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at the Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Helena Chang
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Drew Helmus
- The Dr Henry D Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bruce E Sands
- The Dr Henry D Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dennis Charney
- Office of the Dean, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emilia Bagiella
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laurie Keefer
- The Dr Henry D Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- The BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Tjønnås MS, Muller S, Våpenstad C, Tjønnås J, Ose SO, Das A, Sandsund M. Stress responses in surgical trainees during simulation-based training courses in laparoscopy. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:407. [PMID: 38610013 PMCID: PMC11010405 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulation-based training courses in laparoscopy have become a fundamental part of surgical training programs. Surgical skills in laparoscopy are challenging to master, and training in these skills induces stress responses in trainees. There is limited data on trainees' stress levels, the stress responses related to training on different laparoscopic simulators, and how previous experiences influence trainees' stress response during a course. This study investigates physiologic, endocrine and self-reported stress responses during simulation-based surgical skills training in a course setting. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study of trainees attending basic laparoscopic skills training courses at a national training centre. During the three-day course, participants trained on different laparoscopic simulators: Two box-trainers (the D-box and P.O.P. trainer) and a virtual reality simulator (LAPMentor™). Participants' stress responses were examined through heart rate variability (HRV), saliva cortisol, and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory-6 (STAI-6). The correlation between previous laparoscopic experiences and stress response measurements was explored. RESULTS Twenty-four surgical trainees were included in the study. Compared to resting conditions, stress measures were significantly higher during simulation-training activity (the D-box (SDNN = 58.5 ± 23.4; LF/HF-ratio = 4.58 ± 2.71; STAI-6 = 12.3 ± 3.9, P < 0.05), the P.O.P trainer (SDNN = 55.7 ± 7.4; RMSSD = 32.4 ± 17.1; STAI-6 = 12.1 ± 3.9, P < 0.05), and the LAPMentor™ (SDNN = 59.1 ± 18.5; RMSSD = 34.3 ± 19.7; LF/HF-ratio = 4.71 ± 2.64; STAI-6 = 9.9 ± 3.0, P < 0.05)). A significant difference in endocrine stress response was seen for the simulation-training activity on the D-box (saliva cortisol: 3.48 ± 1.92, P < 0.05), however, no significant differences were observed between the three simulators. A moderate correlation between surgical experience, and physiologic and endocrine stress response was observed (RMSSD: r=-0.31; SDNN: r=-0.42; SD2/SD1 ratio: r = 0.29; Saliva cortisol: r = 0.46; P < 0.05), and a negative moderate correlation to self-reported stress (r=-0.42, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Trainees have a significant higher stress response during simulation-training compared to resting conditions, with no difference in stress response between the simulators. Significantly higher cortisol levels were observed on the D-box, indicating that simulation tasks with time pressure stress participants the most. Trainees with more surgical experience are associated with higher physiologic stress measures, but lower self-reported stress scores, demonstrating that surgical experience influences trainees' stress response during simulation-based skills training courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suong Tjønnås
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway.
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF, P.O. Box 4760, Torgarden, Trondheim, NO-7465, Norway.
| | - Sébastien Muller
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF, P.O. Box 4760, Torgarden, Trondheim, NO-7465, Norway
| | - Cecilie Våpenstad
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF, P.O. Box 4760, Torgarden, Trondheim, NO-7465, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine (IKOM), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
- The National Research Centre for Minimally Invasive and Image-guided Diagnostics and Therapy (MiDT), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, P.O. Box 3250, Prinsesse Kristinas Gate 5, Torgarden, Trondheim, NO-7006, Norway
| | - Johannes Tjønnås
- Department of Mathematics and Cybernetics, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF, P.O. Box 4760, Torgarden, Trondheim, NO- 7465, Norway
| | - Solveig Osborg Ose
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF, P.O. Box 4760, Torgarden, Trondheim, NO-7465, Norway
| | - Anita Das
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Mariann Sandsund
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, SINTEF, P.O. Box 4760, Torgarden, Trondheim, NO-7465, Norway
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Dilrukshi EAC, Ogino T, Ishikawa M, Kuroda H, Nomura S. Assessing the usability of aromatic mouthwashes in alleviating physiological stress responses. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1343937. [PMID: 38638174 PMCID: PMC11024226 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1343937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mouthwashes play a pivotal role in oral care, and their efficacy has been explored extensively across various dimensions. As a contribution to the development of novel oral care products, this study aims to investigate the psychophysiological effects of aromatic mouthwashes during the resilience period from a short-term cognitive stressor utilizing biological signals and subjective evaluations. Methods A within-participant experimental design with 22 healthy females was conducted with four mouthwashes; peppermint (Mint), peppermint + bergamot (MB), peppermint + sweet orange (MO), and peppermint + lavender (ML), and water as the control (Ctl), after a 20-min calculation task. Subjective evaluations and physiological responses including skin conductance level and electrocardiogram were recorded throughout the experiment. Results Citrus mouthwashes (MO and MB) showed a greater decrease in heart rate and a significant increase in the high-frequency component of heart rate variability. The participants indicated a significant effect in terms of "flavor preference" and "refreshing sensation" for mouthwash use compared to the Ctl. Conclusion The results suggest that rinsing with citrus-flavored mouthwashes has a positive impact in alleviating the physiological stress response (in terms of cardiac activity). These findings may have implications for the development of innovative, novel oral care products that promote stress reduction and improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Chayani Dilrukshi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka
| | - Tatsuki Ogino
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Kuroda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nomura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
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Viswanathan LG, Nagaraj BC, Mundlamuri R, Thennarasu K, Kenchaiah R, Asranna A, Nagappa M, Seshagiri D, Saini J, Sinha S. Cardiac Rhythm Aberrations in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Insights From Heart Rate Variability Analysis. J Clin Neurophysiol 2024:00004691-990000000-00129. [PMID: 38587485 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a fatal neurological disorder resulting from persistent measles virus infection within the brain. Although neurological manifestations have been well-documented, the impact of SSPE on cardiac autonomic function, assessed through heart rate variability (HRV), remains understudied. METHODS In this prospective single-center study conducted from January 2022 to March 2023 in Southern India, 30 consecutive SSPE patients and age- and sex-matched controls underwent electrocardiogram recordings for HRV analysis. Various HRV parameters were assessed, including time-domain metrics (SD of normal-to-normal intervals, root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats, percentage of successive normal interbeat intervals greater than 50 msec), SD1 and SD2 for Poincaré plot analysis, and frequency-domain metrics (low frequency %, high frequency %, low frequency:high frequency ratio). RESULTS In the study, SSPE patients exhibited markedly reduced HRV. Specifically, SD of normal-to-normal intervals (P = 0.003), percentage of successive normal interbeat intervals greater than 50 msec (P = 0.03), and SD2 (P = 0.0016) were significantly lower compared with controls. Frequency-domain analysis did not reveal significant distinctions. Correlation analysis demonstrated a negative relationship between percentage of successive normal interbeat intervals greater than 50 msec and SSPE severity (r = -0.37, P = 0.042). Heart rate variability did not significantly differ between SSPE stages or with clinical variables. The interbeat interval range showed a narrower distribution in SSPE subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the clinical relevance of HRV analysis in SSPE and autonomic dysfunction throughout the disease course underscoring its importance in SSPE. This investigation provides valuable insights into cardiac autonomic dysfunction probably because of affliction of the central autonomic networks caused by the disease process and may be a contributing factor to mortality in SSPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ajay Asranna
- Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | - Sanjib Sinha
- Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
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Cong L, Yu X, Huang M, Sun J, Lv H, Zhang T, Dang W, Teng C, Xiong K, Ma J, Hu W, Wang J, Cheng S. Enhancing emotion regulation: investigating the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation at PC6 in reducing fear of heights. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1371014. [PMID: 38633874 PMCID: PMC11021653 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1371014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at Neiguan acupoint (PC6) on the physiological and behavioral responses of participants exposed in virtual height. 40 participants were included in the study and were randomly assigned to either a control group or an intervention group. Participants had an immersive experience with a VR interactive platform that provided somatosensory interaction in height stimulation scenes. Psychological scores, behavioral and cognitive performance, and physiological responses were recorded and analyzed. The results indicated that the intervention group had significantly lower fear scores compared to the control group. Analysis of heart rate variability revealed that the intervention group exhibited improved heart rate variability, indicating enhanced cardiovascular function and emotion regulation. The behavioral and cognitive results demonstrated that the intervention group exhibited higher left eye openness, faster reaction times, and greater movement distance, suggesting enhanced attentional focus, cognitive processing, and reduced avoidance behaviors. These findings suggest that TEAS at PC6 can effectively reduce fear and improve the regulation of physiological and behavioral responses to negative emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cong
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Meiqing Huang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- Center for Military Medicine Innovation, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Taihui Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Weitao Dang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chaolin Teng
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kaiwen Xiong
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Ma
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wendong Hu
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianqi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shan Cheng
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Gamito P, Oliveira J, Silva J, Rosa J, Mendes MLR, Dias R, Dias F, Mansuklal SA, Cartaxo J, António H, Salvador Á. Stress Inoculation in Police Officers Using Virtual Reality: A Controlled Study. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:253-260. [PMID: 38377602 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Policing is a highly demanding and stressful profession. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing stress management programs, including for police officers. The use of VR in combination with biosensors enables measurement of psychophysiological responses such as peripheral temperature (PT) and skin conductance level (SCL). This study investigated the psychophysiological responses of police officers exposed to a VR scenario simulating a car accident. The study included a total of 63 police officers from the Public Security Police. Participants were divided into three groups based on their police divisions: the Investigation Brigade of Traffic Accidents, the Traffic Surveillance Squad (TSS), and a control group from the Lisbon Metropolitan Command. The results indicated that the VR environment effectively induced psychophysiological arousal, particularly in less experienced officers (TSS), that is, there were significant group differences in mean SCL and PT, showing this group with higher SCL and lower PT during the VR exposure. These results support the potential of VR as a stress inoculation strategy for training police officers and highlight the complex nature of stress responses that are influenced by individual factors and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gamito
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Oliveira
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Joana Rosa
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Ricardo Dias
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fábio Dias
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Shivani A Mansuklal
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Cartaxo
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Ágata Salvador
- HEI-Lab: Digital Human-Environment Interaction Labs, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
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Zhou H, Xiong T, Dai Z, Zou H, Wang X, Tang H, Huang Y, Sun H, You W, Yao Z, Lu Q. Brain-heart interaction disruption in major depressive disorder: disturbed rhythm modulation of the cardiac cycle on brain transient theta bursts. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:595-607. [PMID: 37318589 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01628-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brain neurons support arousal and cognitive activity in the form of spectral transient bursts and cooperate with the peripheral nervous system to adapt to the surrounding environment. However, the temporal dynamics of brain-heart interactions have not been confirmed, and the mechanism of brain-heart interactions in major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unclear. This study aimed to provide direct evidence for brain-heart synchronization in temporal dynamics and clarify the mechanism of brain-heart interaction disruption in MDD. Eight-minute resting-state (closed eyes) electroencephalograph and electrocardiogram signals were acquired simultaneously. The Jaccard index (JI) was used to measure the temporal synchronization between cortical theta transient bursts and cardiac cycle activity (diastole and systole) in 90 MDD patients and 44 healthy controls (HCs) at rest. The deviation JI was used to reflect the equilibrium of brain activity between diastole and systole. The results showed that the diastole JI was higher than the systole JI in both the HC and MDD groups; compared to HCs, the deviation JI attenuated at F4, F6, FC2, and FC4 in the MDD patients. The eccentric deviation JI was negatively correlated with the despair factor scores of the HAMD, and after 4 weeks of antidepressant treatment, the eccentric deviation JI was positively correlated with the despair factor scores of the HAMD. It was concluded that brain-heart synchronization existed in the theta band in healthy individuals and that disturbed rhythm modulation of the cardiac cycle on brain transient theta bursts at right frontoparietal sites led to brain-heart interaction disruption in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongpeng Dai
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Zou
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xvmiao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghong Huang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei You
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
- Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Ellingson CJ, Shafiq MA, Ellingson CA, Neary JP, Dehghani P, Singh J. Assessment of cardiovascular functioning following sport-related concussion: A physiological perspective. Auton Neurosci 2024; 252:103160. [PMID: 38428323 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2024.103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
There is still much uncertainty surrounding the approach to diagnosing and managing a sport-related concussion (SRC). Neurobiological recovery may extend beyond clinical recovery following SRC, highlighting the need for objective physiological parameters to guide diagnosis and management. With an increased understanding of the connection between the heart and the brain, the utility of assessing cardiovascular functioning following SRC has gained attention. As such, this review focuses on the assessment of cardiovascular parameters in the context of SRC. Although conflicting results have been reported, decreased heart rate variability, blood pressure variability, and systolic (ejection) time, in addition to increased spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and magnitude of atrial contraction have been shown in acute SRC. We propose that these findings result from the neurometabolic cascade triggered by a concussion and represent alterations in myocardial calcium handling, autonomic dysfunction, and an exaggerated compensatory response that attempts to maintain homeostasis following a SRC. Assessment of the cardiovascular system has the potential to assist in diagnosing and managing SRC, contributing to a more comprehensive and multimodal assessment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase J Ellingson
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Regina Campus, Regina, SK, Canada; Prairie Vascular Research Inc, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - M Abdullah Shafiq
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Regina Campus, Regina, SK, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Cody A Ellingson
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - J Patrick Neary
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | | | - Jyotpal Singh
- Prairie Vascular Research Inc, Regina, SK, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.
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Beatton T, Chan HF, Dulleck U, Ristl A, Schaffner M, Torgler B. Positive affect and heart rate variability: a dynamic analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7004. [PMID: 38523154 PMCID: PMC10961327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional survey methods can provide noisy data arising from recall, memory and other biases. Technological advances (particularly in neuroscience) are opening new ways of monitoring physiological processes through non-intrusive means. Such dense continuous data provide new and fruitful avenues for complementing self-reported data with a better understanding of human dynamics and human interactions. In this study, we use a survey to collect positive affect (feelings) data from more than 300 individuals over a period of 24 h, and at the same time, map their core activities (5000 recorded activities in total) with measurements of their heart rate variability (HRV). Our results indicate a robust correlation between the HRV measurements and self-reported affect. By drawing on the neuroscience and wellbeing literature we show that dynamic HRV results are what we expect for positive affect, particularly when performing activities like sleep, travel, work, exercise and eating. This research provides new insights into how to collect HRV data, model and interpret it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Beatton
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology (BEST), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Behavioural Insights for Technology Adoption (BITA), Queensland, 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ho Fai Chan
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology (BEST), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Behavioural Insights for Technology Adoption (BITA), Queensland, 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Uwe Dulleck
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Center for Economic Studies, CESifo Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Markus Schaffner
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology (BEST), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Benno Torgler
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- Centre for Behavioural Economics, Society and Technology (BEST), 2 George St, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- CREMA-Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts, Südstrasse 11, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Behavioural Insights for Technology Adoption (BITA), Queensland, 4000, Brisbane, Australia.
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Godwin RC, Flood WC, Hudson JP, Benayoun MD, Zapadka ME, Melvin RL, Whitlow CT. Automated extraction of heart rate variability from magnetoencephalography signals. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26664. [PMID: 38434334 PMCID: PMC10907652 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures magnetic fluctuations in the brain generated by neural processes, some of which, such as cardiac signals, are generally removed as artifacts and discarded. However, heart rate variability (HRV) has long been regarded as a biomarker related to autonomic function, suggesting the cardiac signal in MEG contains valuable information that can provide supplemental health information about a patient. To enable access to these ancillary HRV data, we created an automated extraction tool capable of capturing HRV directly from raw MEG data with artificial intelligence. Five scans were conducted with simultaneous MEG and electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition, which provides a ground truth metric for assessing our algorithms and data processing pipeline. In addition to directly comparing R-peaks between the MEG and ECG signals, this work explores the variation of the corresponding HRV output in time, frequency, and non-linear domains. After removing outlier intervals and aligning the ECG and derived cardiac MEG signals, the RMSE between the RR-intervals of each was RMSE1 = 2 ms, RMSE2 = 2 ms, RMSE3 = 8 ms, RMSE4 = 4 ms, RMSE5 = 13 ms. The findings indicate that cardiac artifacts from MEG data carry sufficient signal to approximate an individual's HRV metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C. Godwin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William C. Flood
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Radiology Informatics and Image Processing Laboratory (RIIPL), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeremy P. Hudson
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Radiology Informatics and Image Processing Laboratory (RIIPL), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marc D. Benayoun
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael E. Zapadka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Radiology Informatics and Image Processing Laboratory (RIIPL), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ryan L. Melvin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christopher T. Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Radiology Informatics and Image Processing Laboratory (RIIPL), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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De Falco E, Solcà M, Bernasconi F, Babo-Rebelo M, Young N, Sammartino F, Tallon-Baudry C, Navarro V, Rezai AR, Krishna V, Blanke O. Single neurons in the thalamus and subthalamic nucleus process cardiac and respiratory signals in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316365121. [PMID: 38451949 PMCID: PMC10945861 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316365121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral signals are constantly processed by our central nervous system, enable homeostatic regulation, and influence perception, emotion, and cognition. While visceral processes at the cortical level have been extensively studied using non-invasive imaging techniques, very few studies have investigated how this information is processed at the single neuron level, both in humans and animals. Subcortical regions, relaying signals from peripheral interoceptors to cortical structures, are particularly understudied and how visceral information is processed in thalamic and subthalamic structures remains largely unknown. Here, we took advantage of intraoperative microelectrode recordings in patients undergoing surgery for deep brain stimulation (DBS) to investigate the activity of single neurons related to cardiac and respiratory functions in three subcortical regions: ventral intermedius nucleus (Vim) and ventral caudalis nucleus (Vc) of the thalamus, and subthalamic nucleus (STN). We report that the activity of a large portion of the recorded neurons (about 70%) was modulated by either the heartbeat, the cardiac inter-beat interval, or the respiration. These cardiac and respiratory response patterns varied largely across neurons both in terms of timing and their kind of modulation. A substantial proportion of these visceral neurons (30%) was responsive to more than one of the tested signals, underlining specialization and integration of cardiac and respiratory signals in STN and thalamic neurons. By extensively describing single unit activity related to cardiorespiratory function in thalamic and subthalamic neurons, our results highlight the major role of these subcortical regions in the processing of visceral signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela De Falco
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute–West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV26505
| | - Marco Solcà
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva1205, Switzerland
| | - Fosco Bernasconi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Babo-Rebelo
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Young
- Medical Department, SpecialtyCare, Brentwood, TN37027
| | - Francesco Sammartino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210
| | - Catherine Tallon-Baudry
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Computationnelles, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, École normale supérieure-Paris Sciences et Lettres University, Inserm, Paris75005, France
| | - Vincent Navarro
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute—Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Inserm, CNRS, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Epilepsy Unit, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris75013, France
| | - Ali R. Rezai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute—West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV26505
| | - Vibhor Krishna
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Durham, NC27516
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Neuro-X Institute and Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva1205, Switzerland
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Azam MA, Weinrib AZ, Slepian PM, Rosenbloom BN, Waisman A, Clarke H, Katz J. Effects of perioperative clinical hypnosis on heart rate variability in patients undergoing oncologic surgery: secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2024; 5:1354015. [PMID: 38524266 PMCID: PMC10957530 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1354015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinical hypnosis has been proposed for post-surgical pain management for its potential vagal-mediated anti-inflammatory properties. Evidence is needed to understand its effectiveness for post-surgical recovery. Iin this secondary outcome study, it was hypothesized that surgical oncology patients randomized to receive perioperative clinical hypnosis (CH) would demonstrate greater heart-rate variability (HRV) during rest and relaxation at a 1-month post-surgery assessment compared to a treatment-as-usual group (TAU). Methods After REB approval, trial registration and informed consent, 92 participants were randomized to receive CH (n = 45) or TAU (n = 47). CH participants received a CH session before surgery and during post-surgical in-hospital stay HRV was assessed during rest (5 min) and relaxation (10 min) before and 1-month after surgery. Pain intensity was obtained using a 0-10 numeric rating scale pre and post 1-week and 1-month post surgery. Results One month after surgery, HRV was significantly higher in CH group (n = 29) during rest and relaxation (both p < 0.05, d = 0.73) than TAU group (n = 28). By contrast, rest and relaxation HRV decreased from pre- to 1-month post-surgery for the TAU (both p < 0.001, d > 0.48) but not the CH group. Pain intensity increased from pre-surgery to 1-week post-surgery (p < 0.001, d = 0.50), and decreased from 1-week to 1-month post-surgery (p = 0.005, d = 0.21) for all participants. Discussion The results suggest that hypnosis prevents the deleterious effects of surgery on HRV by preserving pre-operative vagal activity. These findings underscore the potential of clinical hypnosis in mitigating the adverse effects of surgery on autonomic function and may have significant implications for enhancing post-surgical recovery and pain management strategies. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT03730350).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abid Azam
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aliza Z. Weinrib
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P. Maxwell Slepian
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | | | - Anna Waisman
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hance Clarke
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Joel Katz
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
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van der Wal-Huisman H, Soer R, Sidorenkov G, Heineman E, de Graeff P, van Leeuwen BL. Heart Rate Variability in Surgical Patients Experiencing Live Bedside Music; An Explorative Study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:157-166. [PMID: 37982975 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
It's known that surgery elicits a stress response involving the autonomic nervous system (ANS) which is important in general recovery but can also have detrimental effects in older patients. Music seems to positively effect postoperative recovery, although the mechanism requires further unravelling. Our objective was to explore the response of the ANS to live bedside music in older surgical patients, by using heart rate variability (HRV) as a proxy. This explorative prospective non-randomized controlled cohort study included 101 older non-cardiac surgical patients, with a median age of 70 (range 60-88 years). HRV was measured in a cohort receiving live bedside music provided by professional musicians and in a control group that did not receive music. HRV was measured pre-intervention, during the intervention, 30 min after the intervention, and again after three hours. Mixed linear modelling was used to assess the effect of the intervention compared to the control group over time. A significant change in both the low and high frequency bands (p = 0.041) and (p = 0.041) respectively, was found over time in the music group compared to the control group indicating relaxation and increased parasympathetic activity in the music group. Other measures revealed a trend but no significant effect was shown. These results provide a first glance and contribute to a better understanding of the effect of music on the recovery of older surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanneke van der Wal-Huisman
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HPC BA60, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, RB 9700, The Netherlands.
| | - Remko Soer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Saxion University of Applied Science, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Grigory Sidorenkov
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Heineman
- Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, HPC BA60, P.O. Box 30.001, Groningen, RB 9700, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline de Graeff
- University Center for Geriatric Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara L van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Haas A, Chung J, Kent C, Mills B, McCoy M. Vertebral Subluxation and Systems Biology: An Integrative Review Exploring the Salutogenic Influence of Chiropractic Care on the Neuroendocrine-Immune System. Cureus 2024; 16:e56223. [PMID: 38618450 PMCID: PMC11016242 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper we synthesize an expansive body of literature examining the multifaceted influence of chiropractic care on processes within and modulators of the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system, for the purpose of generating an inductive hypothesis regarding the potential impacts of chiropractic care on integrated physiology. Taking a broad, interdisciplinary, and integrative view of two decades of research-documented outcomes of chiropractic care, inclusive of reports ranging from systematic and meta-analysis and randomized and observational trials to case and cohort studies, this review encapsulates a rigorous analysis of research and suggests the appropriateness of a more integrative perspective on the impact of chiropractic care on systemic physiology. A novel perspective on the salutogenic, health-promoting effects of chiropractic adjustment is presented, focused on the improvement of physical indicators of well-being and adaptability such as blood pressure, heart rate variability, and sleep, potential benefits that may be facilitated through multiple neurologically mediated pathways. Our findings support the biological plausibility of complex benefits from chiropractic intervention that is not limited to simple neuromusculoskeletal outcomes and open new avenues for future research, specifically the exploration and mapping of the precise neural pathways and networks influenced by chiropractic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Haas
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Jonathan Chung
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Christopher Kent
- Research, Sherman College, Spartanburg, USA
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Brooke Mills
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Matthew McCoy
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
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Ortega E, Bryan CYX, Christine NSC. The Pulse of Singapore: Short-Term HRV Norms. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:55-61. [PMID: 37755550 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Short-term heart rate variability (HRV) is increasingly used to assess autonomic nervous system activity and found to be useful for monitoring and providing care due to its quick measurement. With evidence of low HRV associated with chronic diseases, mental disorders, and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, having normative data of HRV across the age spectrum would be useful for monitoring health and well-being of a population. This study examines HRV of healthy Singapore sample, with ages ranging from 10 to 89 years. Short-term HRV of five minutes was measured from 2,143 participants. 974 males and 1,169 females, and overall HRV was found to be 42.4ms (RMSSD) and 52.0 ms (SDNN) with a further breakdown of HRV by age and gender. Overall HRV declined with age and gender, although gender differences dissipated in the 60s age range onwards, with the 50s age range having the sharpest decline in HRV. Short-term HRV norms were similar to Nunan et al.'s (2010) systematic review in various populations and less similar to Choi et al.'s (2020) study on Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ortega
- School of Humanities and Behavioural Sciences, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Chan Yu Xiu Bryan
- School of Humanities and Behavioural Sciences, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ng Su Chin Christine
- School of Humanities and Behavioural Sciences, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
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Li X, Min S. Researching how music affects the autonomic nervous system and influences wound healing processes in trauma patients. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14790. [PMID: 38414351 PMCID: PMC10899861 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
An area of increasing interest continues to be the interaction between music therapy and its impacts on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and wound repair in patients who have experienced trauma. This study intended to quantify the effect of music therapy on ANS regulation and wound healing. A cross-sectional observational study from March to December 2023 was undertaken involving 500 trauma patients. A control group received standard care, and an experimental group received daily 30-min music therapy sessions. Heart rate variability (HRV), cortisol levels, wound healing rates and patient-reported outcomes regarding pain, tension and well-being were among the critical parameters assessed. After 1 month, the experimental group exhibited a statistically significant rise in HRV (p < 0.05), suggesting increased parasympathetic activity. The experimental group exhibited a significant decrease in cortisol levels in comparison to the control group, with notable reduction observed after 1 month (p < 0.05). At 9 months, the experimental group exhibited significantly faster wound healing than the control group, with 85% wound recovery as opposed to 75% in control group. There was notable decrease in pain and stress scores at all time intervals in the music therapy group, with the greatest reduction occurring at the 9-month mark (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was identified between the number of completed music therapy sessions and patient outcomes, with individuals attending more than 20 sessions experiencing 33.6% positive outcomes. In trauma patients, music therapy substantially enhanced ANS regulation and accelerated wound healing. As evidenced by the elevated HRV and decreased cortisol levels, the therapy induced a physiologically tranquil state that is conducive to recovery. The considerable enhancements in the rates of wound healing, in conjunction with the substantial decreases in pain and tension levels, highlighted the therapeutic capacity of music therapy as intervention in trauma care. Additionally, the observed dose-response relationship indicated that customised music therapy regimens are crucial for achieving the best possible results for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- Piano Department, School of Music, BeiHua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Siran Min
- Instrumental Music Department, School of Music, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China
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Tomacsek V, Blaskovich B, Király A, Reichardt R, Simor P. Altered parasympathetic activity during sleep and emotionally arousing wakefulness in frequent nightmare recallers. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:265-277. [PMID: 36862312 PMCID: PMC10914885 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Nightmare disorder is characterized by dysfunctional emotion regulation and poor subjective sleep quality reflected in pathophysiological features such as abnormal arousal processes and sympathetic influences. Dysfunctional parasympathetic regulation, especially before and during rapid eye movement (REM) phases, is assumed to alter heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV) of frequent nightmare recallers (NM). We hypothesized that cardiac variability is attenuated in NMs as opposed to healthy controls (CTL) during sleep, pre-sleep wakefulness and under an emotion-evoking picture-rating task. Based on the polysomnographic recordings of 24 NM and 30 CTL participants, we examined HRV during pre-REM, REM, post-REM and slow wave sleep, separately. Additionally, electrocardiographic recordings of resting state before sleep onset and under an emotionally challenging picture-rating task were also analyzed. Applying repeated measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA), a significant difference was found in the HR of NMs and CTLs during nocturnal segments but not during resting wakefulness, suggesting autonomic dysregulation, specifically during sleep in NMs. As opposed to the HR, the HRV values were not significantly different in the rmANOVA in the two groups, implying that the extent of parasympathetic dysregulation on a trait level might depend on the severeness of dysphoric dreaming. Nonetheless, in the group comparisons, the NM group showed increased HR and reduced HRV during the emotion-evoking picture-rating task, which aimed to model the nightmare experience in the daytime, indicating disrupted emotion regulation in NMs under acute distress. In conclusion, trait-like autonomic changes during sleep and state-like autonomic responses to emotion-evoking pictures indicate parasympathetic dysregulation in NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Tomacsek
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest, 1064, Hungary.
| | - Borbála Blaskovich
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Király
- National Institute of Locomotor Diseases and Disabilities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richárd Reichardt
- Institute of Education and Psychology at Szombathely, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 46 Izabella Street, Budapest, 1064, Hungary
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI-ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Martinez P, Grinand M, Cheggour S, Taieb J, Gourjon G. How to properly evaluate cardiac vagal tone in oncology studies: a state-of-the-art review. JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER CENTER 2024; 4:36-46. [PMID: 39036385 PMCID: PMC11256691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jncc.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis provides an assessment of cardiac vagal tone and consequently global cardiac health as well as systemic condition. In systemic diseases such as cancer and during treatments that affect the whole body, like chemotherapy, the vagus nerve activity is low and deregulated. Some studies focus on using HRV to predict mortality in oncology. However, in cancer patients, systemic alterations substantially increase artifacts during HRV measurement, especially atrial ectopic beats. Moreover, HRV may be altered by various factors (duration and time of measurement, breathing, drugs, and other confounding factors) that alter each metric in different ways. The Standard Deviation of all Normal to Normal intervals (SDNN) is the most commonly used metric to evaluate HRV in oncology, but it does not appear to be specific to the cardiac vagal tone. Thus, cardiac vagal activity diagnosis and vital prognosis of cancer patients can be biased. Our review presents the main HRV metrics that can be currently used in oncology studies and their links with vagus nerve and cancer. We present the influence of external factors and the required duration and time of measurement. Considering all these parameters, this review proposes seven key points for an assessment of HRV and cardiac vagal tone in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Martinez
- Scientific and Osteopathic Research Department, Institut de Formation en Ostéopathie du Grand Avignon, 403 Rue Marcel Demonque, Avignon, France
| | - Marilyne Grinand
- Département de recherche clinique, Centre hospitalier d'Avignon, 305A Rue Raoul Follereau, Avignon, France
| | - Saïda Cheggour
- Service de cardiologie, Centre hospitalier d'Avignon, 305A Rue Raoul Follereau, Avignon, France
| | - Jérôme Taieb
- Service de cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier du pays d'Aix-Pertuis, Avenue des Tamaris Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Géraud Gourjon
- Scientific and Osteopathic Research Department, Institut de Formation en Ostéopathie du Grand Avignon, 403 Rue Marcel Demonque, Avignon, France
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Locke S, Osborne J. Determining the Right Levels of Health Coaching and Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback in a Workplace Behavior Change Intervention: Multiphase Optimization Strategy Preparation Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e47181. [PMID: 38354036 PMCID: PMC10902773 DOI: 10.2196/47181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related stress is associated with poor job performance and negative health outcomes. Changing health behaviors through corporate wellness programs can improve physical and mental health and help employees manage stress. This project sought to pilot the potential addition of brief coaching and biofeedback to an 8-week web-based self-help program to improve employee stress using the multiphase optimization strategy. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine which candidate components will be tested in a later optimization phase and at what dose they will be tested, examine the feasibility and acceptability of delivering the different components, investigate whether the outcomes can be feasibly measured, and review evidence to build a conceptual model before the optimization phase. METHODS The study was positioned within the preparation phase of the multiphase optimization strategy. It is a 2×2×2×2 design with 4 components: 2 types of health coaching and 2 types of biofeedback. All components were tested by turning them on or off. A total of 16 adult office workers (mean age 40, SD 14.3 years; n=15 women) completed an 8-week self-paced web-based stress management and health behavior change program and were randomly assigned to 1 of the 16 conditions, created from a combination of the 4 candidate components. Assessments included web analytics, surveys, and interviews regarding program recommendations, likes, and dislikes. RESULTS Findings from the interviews provided suggestions to improve the intervention (eg, separating wellness from stress content) and trial conduct (eg, streamlining the onboarding process). On average, participants logged into the wellness program 83 times (range 36-291), with 75% (12/16) participant retention and 67% (8/12) survey completion. There were no reported problems with coaching or obtaining data from interviews or apps. The interview findings suggested potential mediators to include and assess in a future conceptual model. CONCLUSIONS The results provided areas to improve the intervention content and trial methods. Instead of progressing to the next scheduled large-scale optimization phase, our plan to iterate through a second preparation phase after making changes to the protocol, apps, and corporate coaching partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Locke
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Osborne
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
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Bacevic N, Ninkovic M, Drvendzija M, Vidakovic J, Bacevic M, Stepanic P. Heart Rate Variability as a Predictor of +G z Tolerance During the High-G Selective Test. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2024; 95:93-100. [PMID: 38263102 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6319.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Preselection of pilot candidates in the military is critical and determines the quality of subsequent selection. The Aero Medical Institute in Belgrade uses the following centrifuge endpoints: peripheral vision loss, heart rate above 180 bpm, cardiac arrhythmias, and G-induced loss of consciousness to assess relaxed +Gz tolerance. The aim of this study was to evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) associated with cardiovascular adaptability to different types of stress as a predictor of +Gz tolerance.METHODS: Thirty-six candidates were exposed to centrifuge runs, consisting of the following +Gz-acceleration phases: a 2-G plateau followed by an increase to 5.5 G, a decrease to 2 G, and ending with a plateau. Time-domain HRV indices were calculated for candidates, for a 60-s 2-G plateau, and for the entire test. The correlation was made between the groups that did (Group 1) and did not meet the criteria (Group 2).RESULTS: The results show significantly lower values in all time domain HRV indices, namely standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences, in Group 2. Mean SDNN values were 45.98 ± 24.80 ms (2-G plateau) and 109.99 ± 39.64 ms (entire test) in Group 1, while the SDNN were 22.99 ± 12.04 ms and 69.70 ± 33.45 ms in Group 2. Root mean square of successive differences was higher in Group 1 for the 2-G plateau and for the entire test.DISCUSSION: The results suggest that HRV is positively correlated with +Gz-tolerance and can be used as an additional selection tool for military aircrew.Bacevic N, Ninkovic M, Drvendzija M, Vidakovic J, Bacevic M, Stepanic P. Heart rate variability as a predictor of +Gz tolerance during the high-G selective test. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(2):93-100.
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Mograss M, Frimpong E, Vilcourt F, Chouchou F, Zvionow T, Dang-Vu TT. The effects of acute exercise and a nap on heart rate variability and memory in young sedentary adults. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14454. [PMID: 37855092 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the autonomic nervous system can contribute to memory consolidation during sleep. Whether fluctuations in cardiac autonomic activity during sleep following physical exercise contribute to the process of memory consolidation has not been studied. We assessed the effects of a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) nap following acute exercise on cardiac autonomic regulation assessed with heart rate variability (HRV) to examine if HRV influences memory processes. Fifty-six (59% female) healthy young adults (23.14 ± 3.74 years) were randomly allocated to either the exercise plus nap (ExNap, n = 27) or nap alone (NoExNap, n = 29) groups. The ExNap group performed a 40-minute moderate-intensity cycling, while the NoExNap group was sedentary prior to learning 45 neutral pictures for a later test. Subsequently, participants underwent a 60-minute NREM nap while measuring EKG, followed by a visual recognition test. Our results indicated that heart rate did not significantly differ between the groups (p = .243), whereas vagally mediated HRV indices were lower in the ExNap group compared to the NoExNap group (p < .05). There were no significant differences in sleep variables between the groups (p > .05). Recognition accuracy was significantly higher in the ExNap group than in the NoExNap group (p = .027). In addition, the recognition accuracy of the ExNap group was negatively associated with vagally mediated HRV (p < .05). Pre-nap acute exercise appears to attenuate parasympathetic activity and to alter the relationship between memory and cardiac autonomic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodee Mograss
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Frimpong
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Franck Vilcourt
- IRISSE Laboratory (EA4075), UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - Florian Chouchou
- IRISSE Laboratory (EA4075), UFR SHE, University of La Réunion, Le Tampon, France
| | - Tehila Zvionow
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thien Thanh Dang-Vu
- Sleep, Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Health, Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Di Gregorio F, Steinhauser M, Maier ME, Thayer JF, Battaglia S. Error-related cardiac deceleration: Functional interplay between error-related brain activity and autonomic nervous system in performance monitoring. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105542. [PMID: 38215803 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Coordinated interactions between the central and autonomic nervous systems are crucial for survival due to the inherent propensity for human behavior to make errors. In our ever-changing environment, when individuals make mistakes, these errors can have life-threatening consequences. In response to errors, specific reactions occur in both brain activity and heart rate to detect and correct errors. Specifically, there are two brain-related indicators of error detection and awareness known as error-related negativity and error positivity. Conversely, error-related cardiac deceleration denotes a momentary slowing of heart rate following an error, signaling an autonomic response. However, what is the connection between the brain and the heart during error processing? In this review, we discuss the functional and neuroanatomical connections between the brain and heart markers of error processing, exploring the experimental conditions in which they covary. Given the current limitations of available data, future research will continue to investigate the neurobiological factors governing the brain-heart interaction, aiming to utilize them as combined markers for assessing cognitive control in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Gregorio
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Universita di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Marco Steinhauser
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Martin E Maier
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 85072 Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Julian F Thayer
- Department of Psychological Science, 4334 Social and Behavioral Sciences Gateway, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Simone Battaglia
- Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", Cesena Campus, Alma Mater Studiorum Universita di Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy.
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